Code No: RR411811 Set No.

1
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN METALLOGRAPHY
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What is the importance of Microstructures?

(b) Classify various polishing techniques.
(c) Explain briefly various polishing procedures. [4+4+8]

2. (a) Why dielectric coatings are required? Explain.

(b) How dielectric coatings are deposited under vacuum? [4+12]

3. (a) Explain why the grain boundaries are attacked to greater extent than grains
by etching reagent.
(b) Explain the optical properties of grains and grain boundaries before and after
etching. [8+8]

4. (a) What are different light sources in the optical microscopy? Explain them in
detail.
(b) Explain in detail Achromatic and Apochromatic objectives. [8+8]

5. What are different components of an optical microscope? Describe them in detail.

[16]

6. (a) Derive an expression for electron wavelength from de Broglie relation.

(b) What are Fresnel-half period zones? Explain them form the scattering of
electrons from atoms. [7+9]

7. (a) What are the uses and advantages of dark-field images?

(b) Explain the calibration techniques of electron microscopy. [8+8]

8. (a) What do you mean by one sited thinning? Explain.

(b) When the samples are one side thinned? Explain.
(c) Explain the electron microscopy of one side thinned samples. [4+6+6]

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Code No: RR411811 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN METALLOGRAPHY
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) How the sulphur printing is carried out?

(b) Write the different chemical reactions taking place during sulphur printing.
[10+6]

2. (a) Explain temperature of etching and time of etching?

(b) Explain in detail macro etching technique. [8+8]

3. (a) Illustrate schematically the functioning principle of the plane glass reflector.
(b) In how many ways the incident light gets distributed? Explain the reflection
of light. [8+8]

4. Compare and contrast metallurgical and biological microscopes. [16]

5. (a) Describe Aperture diaphram in detail.

(b) What is field-of-view diagram? Describe in detail. [7+9]

6. (a) Describe the construction of electron microscope in detail.

(b) Describe the functioning of electron microscope in detail. [8+8]

7. (a) Mention various techniques of preparation of thin foils from the larger speci-
mens. Explain them.
(b) Explain rapid electropolyshing techniques in electron microscopy. [9+7]

8. (a) Derive an expression for the transmitted intensity from perfect crystal.
(b) Describe in detail special transmission techniques. [8+8]

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Code No: RR411811 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN METALLOGRAPHY
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) How does etching helps to reveal the microstructure?

(b) Explain the principle of etching. [6+10]

2. (a) What is the difference between normal etching and thermal etching?
(b) How the specimens are thermally etched?
(c) Give few examples for thermally etched specimens. [6+8+2]

3. (a) Explain optical anisotropy in detail.

(b) Explain schematically how the optical anisotropy is produced by etching.
[8+8]

4. Explain in detail optical microscope objectives and eyepieces. [16]

5. (a) Explain schematically the principle elements of the concentrated arc Micro-
scope lamp.
(b) What are the functions of light collimator and cooling cell in the microscope?
Explain in detail. [8+8]

6. (a) Describe the construction of electron microscope in detail.

(b) Describe the functioning of electron microscope in detail. [8+8]

7. (a) Explain the mechanism of diffraction contrast schematically.

(b) How does selected area diffraction differ from the usual technique employed in
electron diffraction cameras? Explain how accuracy of selected area diffraction
is achieved. [6+10]

8. (a) What do you mean by one sited thinning? Explain.

(b) When the samples are one side thinned? Explain.
(c) Explain the electron microscopy of one side thinned samples. [4+6+6]

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Code No: RR411811 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN METALLOGRAPHY
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Compare and contrast chemical and electrolytic etchings in detail.

(b) Explain the procedure of electrolytic etching in detail. [16]

2. (a) Why dielectric coatings are required? Explain.

(b) How dielectric coatings are deposited under vacuum? [4+12]

3. (a) Explain optical anisotropy in detail.

(b) Explain schematically how the optical anisotropy is produced by etching.
[8+8]

4. (a) Draw the microstructures of pearlite for different numerical apertures in the
increasing order. Explain the differences in the microstructures.
(b) Explain the concepts
i. Vertical resolution
ii. Curvature of field. [8+4+4]

5. (a) Describe Aperture diaphram in detail.

(b) What is field-of-view diagram? Describe in detail. [7+9]

6. (a) Describe the construction of electron microscope in detail.

(b) Describe the functioning of electron microscope in detail. [8+8]

7. (a) What are the uses and advantages of dark-field images?

(b) Explain the calibration techniques of electron microscopy. [8+8]

8. (a) What do you mean by one sited thinning? Explain.

(b) When the samples are one side thinned? Explain.
(c) Explain the electron microscopy of one side thinned samples. [4+6+6]

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