Computer Graphics

Computer Graphics is everywhere:

 Visual system is most important sense:
 High bandwidth
 Natural communication

 Fast developments in
 Hardware
 Software
Supporting Disciplines

 Computer science (algorithms, data

structures, software engineering, …)
 Mathematics (geometry, numerical, …)
 Physics (Optics, mechanics, …)
 Psychology (Colour, perception)
 Art and design
Applications

 Computer Aided Design (CAD)

 Computer Aided Geometric Design
(CAGD)
 Entertainment (animation, games, …)
 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
 Visualization (Scientific Vis., Inform. Vis.)
 Medical Visualization
…
Interactive Computer Graphics

User input

Application

Screen image
Graphics pipeline

User Edit

Model

Map

Geometry, colour

Screen Display
Computer Graphics Systems

Graphical Rendering
Model Parameters

Rendering

Output Device
Graphical Models
 2D and 3D objects
 Triangles, quadrilaterals, polygons
 Spheres, cones, boxes
 Surface characteristics
 Color, reaction to light
 Texture
 Composite objects
 Other objects and their relationships to each other
 Lighting, fog, etc.
2D image without texture 1
2 2D image with texture
Rendering Parameters

 Camera parameters
 Location
 Orientation

 Focal length
Rendering

 Conversion of 3D model to 2D image

 Determine where the surfaces “project” to.
 Determine what every screen pixel might
see.
 Determine the color of each surface
Output Devices

 Vector Devices
 Lasers for example

 Raster Devices
 CRT, LCD, bitmaps, etc.
Representations in graphics

Vector Graphics
 Image is represented by continuous
geometric objects: lines, curves, etc.

Raster Graphics
 Image is represented as an rectangular
grid of coloured squares
Vector graphics

 Graphics objects: geometry + colour

 Complexity ~ O(number of objects)
 Geometric transformation possible
without loss of information (zoom, rotate,
…)
 Diagrams, schemes, ...
 Examples: PowerPoint, CorelDraw, ...
Raster graphics
 Generic
 Image processing techniques
 Geometric Transformation: loss of
information
 Complexity ~ O(number of pixels)
 Realistic images, textures, ...
 Examples: Paint, PhotoShop, ...
‫‪ ‬اضافة صور من ‪3D‬‬
‫‪ ‬الى ‪2D‬‬