AP Chemistry Summer Work

Chapter 14: Gases

1. Kinetic theory—assumptions
a. Gas particles do not attract or repel each other
b. Gas particles are much smaller than the distances between them—the particles themselves have
virtually no volume
c. Gas particles are in constant, random motion
d. No kinetic energy is lost when gas particles collide with each other or with the walls of their
container—completely elastic
e. All gases have the same average kinetic energy at a given temperature
2. Boyle’s Law
a. Deals with Pressure and Volume—inverse relationship
b. P1V1 = P2V2
3. Charles’s Law
a. Deals with Temperature and Volume
i. The volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature at
constant pressure—MUST USE KALVIN
ii. TK = 273 + Tc
V1 V2
b. =
T 1 T2
4. Gay-Lussac’s Law
a. Deals with Pressure and Temperature
i. The pressure of a given mass of a gas varies directly with the Kelvin temperature when
the volume remains constant—MUST USE KALVIN
P 1 P2
b. =
T1 T 2
5. Combined Gas Law
P1V 1 P2V 2
a. =
T1 T2
6. Avogadro’s Principle
a. Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of
particles
b. Molar volume: volume that one mole occupies at STP (0.00°C and 1.00 atm pressure)
22.4 L
c. Conversion factor:
1mol
7. Ideal Gas Law
a. PV = nRT
PV
b. =k
T
i. k is a constant based on the amount of gas present, n.
c. k =nR
i. R represents an experimentally determined constant; ideal gas content
8. Applications for Ideal Gas Law
mRT mRT
a. PV = or M =
M PV
i. Solves for molar mass
ii. n = moles gas
 iii. m = mass
iv. M = molar mass
mRT DRT
b. M= =
PV P
i. Solves for molar mass using density
MP
c. D =
RT
i. Solves for density
9. Gas Stoichiometry
a. The coefficients in chemical equations represent molar amounts; can be replaced with
i. Moles of gas
ii. Liters of gas
b. Balanced chemical equations allows you to find ratios for moles and gas volumes only—masses
must be converted to moles or volumes
c. Temperature must be in Kelvin