Smith’s Test (Bile Pigments)Synthesis of bile happens at the liver while its storage and excretion takes place at the gall bladder and intestinal tract, respectively. In certain pathologic conditions, bile is not excreted in the intestinal tract and instead, accumulates in the blood and consequently excreted in large amounts in the urine. Using the Smith’s test, the presence of bile can be detected. During this test, the oxidation of the bile pigments such as bilirubin, bilicyanine and choletellin, results to colored derivatives, bilirubin (green), bilicyanine (blue) and choletellin (yellow).Bilirubin Result of hemoglobin breakdown In the liver, bilirubin is conjugated to an acid to make conjugated bilirubin. Conjugated bilirubin is water-soluble and therefore may be excreted from the body in the urine when levels increase in the body. Conjugated Bilirubin is formed in the liver by the chemical addition of sugar molecules to unconjugated bilirubin Its presence in the urine usually indicates blockage of liver or bile ducts, hepatitis or some other liver damage. Tincture of alcoholic iodine is usually 10% elemental iodine in ethanol. Addition of a solution of alcoholic iodine to urine produces a green color. The green color indicates the presence of bile.