BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE

HIMANSHU RASTOGI
 OBJECTIVES

 WHAT IS BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE

 NEED OF BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE
 MAIN PRINCIPLE AND WORKING
 CHALLENGES
 FUTURE EXPANSION
 CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
 UNDERSTANDING
BMI
 Brain machine interface sometimes called a
direct neural interface or brain–computer
interface.
 BMI uses brain activity to command, control,
actuate and communicate with the world
directly through brain integration with
peripheral devices and systems.
 WHY BMI

The field of BMI has emerged mostly toward

neuroprosthetics applications that aim at
restoring damaged hearing, sight and movement.
BMI PLATFORM
 MAIN PRINCIPLE

Main principle behind this interface is

the bioelectrical activity of nerves and
muscles.

Brain is composed of millions of

neurons. When the neuron fires, or
activates, there is a voltage change
across the cell which generates signals
on the surface of the brain..
 COMPONENTS OF BMI

 IMPLANT DEVICE
 SIGNAL PROCESSING SECTION
 Multichannel Acquisition Systems
 Spike Detection
 Signal Analysis

 EXTERNAL DEVICE
 FEEDBACK SECTION

BLOCK DIAGRAM
 EEG

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG) IS
MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY
PRODUCED BY BRAIN AS RECORDED FROM
ELECTRODES PLACED ON THE SCALP.
 IMPLANT DEVICE

The EEG is recorded with

electrodes, which are placed on
the scalp. Electrodes are small
plates, which conduct electricity.
They provide the electrical contact
between the skin and the EEG
recording apparatus.
 SIGNAL PROCESSING SECTION

 Multichannel Acquisition Systems

At this section amplification, initial filtering of

EEG signal and possible artifact removal takes place.
 Spike Detection
Spike detection will allow the BMI to transmit only
the action potential waveforms and their respective
arrival times instead of the sparse, raw signal in its
entirety.
 Signal Analysis
In this stage, certain features are extracted from
the preprocessed and digitized EEG signal which are
input to the classifier. Classifier recognize different
mental tasks.
 EXTERNAL DEVICE
The classifier’s output is the input for the device
control. The device control simply transforms the
classification to a particular action.

Examples are robotic arm, thought controlled wheel

chair etc

 FEEDBACK DEVICE
Feedback is needed for learning and for control. Real-
time feedback can dramatically improve the
performance of a brain–machine interface.
 APPLICATIONS

1.Auditory and visual prosthesis

2.Functional-neuromuscular stimulation (FNS)

3.Prosthetic limb control

CHALLENGES
 ADVANCES LIMITATIONS

 CHALLENGES
Permanent damage to brain.

Virus attack on brain

Thought control and prediction of future thoughts.

Deletion or recording of memories.

 LIMITATIONS
The brain is incredibly complex.

The signals are weak and interference can happen.

There are chemical processes involved as well,which electrodes

can’t pick up.
 FUTURE EXPANSION
Thought-communication device.
New research has demonstrated that it is possible
for communication from person to person through
the power of thought alone.This experiment goes a
step further, with the aim was to expand the
current limits of this technology and show that
brain-to-brain (B2B) communication is possible.
Super intelligent machines- Cyborgs.
A Cyborg is a Cybernetic Organism, human part
machine. In the years ahead we will witness
machines with an intelligence more powerful than
that of humans.This will mean that robots, not
humans, make all the important decisions .
 CONCLUSION

BMI’s will definitely have the ability to change

the way a person looks at the world by giving
people back their vision and hearing.
But the question is that What kind of people are
we becoming? Is someone with a synthetic eye, less
a person than someone without? Shall we process
signals like ultraviolet, X-rays, or ultrasounds as
robots do? These questions will not be answered in
the near future, but at some time they will have to
be answered. What an interesting day that will be.
THANK YOU !!!

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