Antenna

• An antenna is a piece of conducting wire or rod with excitation

• An antenna is a source or radiator of electromagnetic waves
• An antenna is a sensor of electromagnetic waves
• An antenna is a transducer
• An antenna is a impedance matching device
LOG-PERIODIC ANTENNA
• Its excitation is uniform.
• Frequency independent antenna.
• It can be used to receive a good number of TV channels without any deterioration of received field strength.
Entire structure will never radiate. Depending on the frequency a particular dipole is active and other are not in
resonance hence they don’t radiate

DESIGN STEPS
Step 1. Using Fig. A, find τ and σ. The curves in Fig. a are labeled by gain. Determine the
curve corresponding to the desired gain G and find its intersection with the straight line
σ = 0.243τ − 0.051, designated Optimum σ. The intersection defines the sought τ and σ.
Step 2. By successive application of (4) to (6) find the active region bandwidth Bar, structure
bandwidth BS, and the number of required dipole elements N. Round off N to the nearest
higher integer.
Step 3. Determine the element lengths and spacings. Using (7) and (8), find the length L1 of
the longest dipole and the spacing R1 – R2 between the two longest dipoles. Then, using (1)
and (2), find the lengths and spacings of the remaining elements.

Step 4. Determine the short position. If higher front-to-back ratio at the lowest frequency is
desired, the antenna feeder should be shorted at a distance LS behind the longest element. The
short acts as a reflector; its distance from the longest element should be LS = L1/4.

DESIGN FORMULA
f1=f1/τ
Where τ= A design perameter ,a constant; τ<1.0
f3=f1/τ2
f4=f1/τ3
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fn=f1/τn-1

n=1,2,3,4. . .

f1=Lowest frequency

fn=Highest frequency

21 = τ /
l 32= τ /
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ln n = τ / ( −1)

Log Periodic Antenna

LPDA gain as a function of τ and σ

GROUPE MEMBERS:-
1) MUHAMMAD ILYAS
2) TUFAIL AHMAD
3) SAEED UR REHMAN
4) SAJID ALI