A & E equipment

MDEMO Exam Emergency

Medicine Station
Cervical Collar

Used to stabilise cervical spine.

 Magill’s Forceps

Used to remove foreign bodies from upper airway

Yankauer Soft Suction Tip

Used to suction oropharyngeal secretions to prevent aspiration.

 Laryngoscope

Used to get a view of the larynx to detect obstruction or intubate.

Endotracheal Tube

Used to create a patent airway.

 Laryngeal Mask Airway

Creates a patent airway – used when endotracheal intubation is

unsuccessful or impossible, but doesn’t protect lungs from
aspiration.
 Oropharyngeal/
Guedel Pattern Airway
Used to prevent
tongue from
obstructing airway,
size measured
against patient’s
head: corner of
mouth to earlobe.
Used on
UNCONSCIOUS
patients when
intubation is
unavailable/
inadvisable. In
conscious patients
it would cause gag
reflex and possibly
vomiting, causing
obstruction.
 Nasopharyngeal Airway

Used to maintain a patent airway when use of an oropharyngeal

airway is impossible/ not advised (i.e. in conscious patients).
Not to be used in severe head/facial injuries in case of cribiform
plate damage (tube might hit brain tissue).
 Cricothyrotomy Kit

Used to create an airway if obstruction due to

trauma/oedema/infection etc means trachea can’t be intubated.
 Chest Drain Kit

Used to remove air/fluid/blood/pus from intrathoracic space.

 Laerdal Pocket Mask

Typically used by first responders on patients in respiratory failure

- better than doing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation!
 Bag-Valve Mask

Provides positive-pressure mechanical ventilation to a patient in respiratory

failure or respiratory arrest.
 Nebuliser Mask

Used to give oxygen/medication – note the holes on either side

mean it doesn’t deliver 100% oxygen.
 Non-rebreather Mask

Used to give high-flow oxygen to patients who can breathe – one-way valve
means atmospheric/exhaled air is not “rebreathed”.
I think there’s a plug that can be removed from a valve to make it a partial
rebreather but I’m not entirely sure.
 Nasal Cannula

Gives low-flow rate of oxygen to patients who can breathe but might need
more oxygen, e.g. to stroke patients to prevent vasoconstriction.
 Tourniquet

Reduces blood flow to a limb to reduce traumatic blood loss.

 IV Cannula/ Venflon

Usually used to administer IV fluids – the big grey ones are the ones you want
to get lots of fluid into hypovolaemic shockers.