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Be Be LEE RES EA RP a Be 3.2.2 MPR IRF ADE BAL $3.3 EEE Epon cre eer cee en ete ees 3.3.1 ER APES SBC AY FS SD 3.3.2 BAR RAE BOR HMM KEM BIT 84.1 HMM 55302 FAS (NN) ses ere eee eee coe en 4.1.1 HMM SSBB OMLP) eH 4.1.2 384 HMM/MLP Wik $4.2 HMM #368 VLSI Rit 4.2.1 SRB ~~ 4. 2.2 Systolic EYP cesses vevenssnnaee §4.3 HMM een MRIS 4.3.1 HMM Sk C 4B 4.3.2 SF TMS320025 & ERAT FH Baum-Welch oh WR PR As AStHOHR ~ B5xR-- ve +2e#—E HMM BAB Ri Markov $4 (Hidden Markov Models, f€i#29 HMM) .4& ABBAS HHA. SRELBELESPAR PRA THORN. WEXEHRCBM, ABE 1970 BS Hy Baum Aw Bk yo", BE a CMU @f Baker #1 IBM 4) Jelinek SA 4AM ABA RIAH ZS Poe HE Bell 3c WS Rabiner 4 A 7 80 46 4 49 Bat HMM fy BE A Be HEY SP geen), ea Oe AMM We A EA RT RARE EMRACUH—-THERRO, ARESB RH PO St MM BAM. PEER PA HMM # #4 848, $ BE Sit 42 HMM XA Markov $£39F ASH AX HMM HAH OF Me a1 HMM He Jt HMM WSR. BRIER be HMM Ae ARE RAS A HMM WEE PAH ARM EK SAMBMRRAR, HS HMM EKER FARK Viterbi HM Boum-Welch HY. KRBMREKBUG HRP PARANA BH ERIS PT BARRA ERLE, Oe RAR DST BASH AMRTR LH TRAM MA HF Hs oh MEU R Markov BHR. RG MP ST HMM ve REM B MU, ABA EVEREADY AE: SPREE HB RBA I ENT.§1.1 HMM ## 348 1.1.1 Markov 2 Markov ee Markov RGB Lit APRA» A Markov $42 RAAB SA RY Markov HE. MBA L, TUB a IE EM: BEALE D X. AEE ny ET AREER 05 Ow HE E mth ARR gn RE, REE m WARE Gu BRATS me PAU BE TARA AR. A: PXnes= Geri! Xn = Im Xen = Gena eX =H) * = PXnss = Qnti/ Xn = Gn) Pe, Mo GFe0°* Fer Inae © (rsOz 0+ On) (1-1) SU X, y Markov ,3F PiGmym + k) = PGnse = 9)/an = Os 1SEjKN, mk HERR (1-2) Wk BBR 24 Py Gnsmt+h) Aj m KKM PIL Markov ARK Markov $1 Rt Pj (my m + kh) = P(k) (1-3) UA a FEAR BY FB, Markov SERIF MK Markov &. 4 k=1 NP, DR - FREE MAAR ERR i 0, FARB BER a1, j 991541 = 0, Oz 900 0,/2) (1-28) RA RRBERS EA Q HUB a Me: k=O), 1P(O/A), bill HEARS ALAERAMREFA OHA. MAB AEPNE BLAKHRVSR. BA PO/MCK MABW SB SK. RTA A BPR 444 HMM UG, RBS BH LG HMM Zig ASTRA RENG SHCA BAL REAR 384 — AMG, Baum-Welch FRARRR ZAM RR— TURDA SICH IRAE — AY » HI ET RA TLEM MMB Site. 10°$1.3 HMM FAS pH 1.3.1 MeRRRR FRE Baum-Welch S2k HWE BEB D HMM SRet ie RAK C140), 1-414 (1-42) RAR» — Pe RHE. AYHWURO PERU, BR & PO/MD ARRAN BA MARS, Bit 2B RE ERGRY A RORASS ARAB BREEN HE, ESRPABVRARRHSR, CHS ew FR. BUA oe A A SRO AERA K HBL E UY IBA» AB 1-5), (1-6), (1-8) 1-9 RRR BY HE PRED AT, fl B AS AUMA NT USE Hh aS EMM 2 mR AC, — A TL SI RALROMEBRAK. BPRS, — HN HMM & a Bll.4 —#}HMM See weRe el SUT aL Bn 1. 4 Brae se aa aac A AT DI EERE R. HAHA PO/)>PO/A), RO A AGREE. BG Ae ATR GAR 145) 1. PRR T URRY aE «ibeSEWED aed od, ER PR AA ME BAASR. 4R AWA SEa HMM ARSRE, Bit A Fede Say HMM. tt SR AB ed A YB GE 1.3.2 FPRMRGARANA XE WG—+ HMM, SHRAARIL—ARR APA BAM LP RAR UA HMM BY, xt Baum-Weich ©. WHE HAR I-40), 4D 4AM BE. BL AR FFA O® f= 1,0, Ls OP? =OP OP, OP ETM ALFA at, PO/) = [Po (43) HF RASTER LR PO RW REY, Bae AL PUR FRA, BRARBEA = Der G)BPG)/P(OP/~), 1 Ser oass (OB, BP, (7)/P (OO /A) a Ue oo z - » =e (BP @)/P(O 2) i ‘ d=d ISIN WH=T Ayers (1-53) BPG) = B.@)/Ba1, 1SiSNe=T 141 1-54) BATRA R OAS Ma A BT CBZ WT RAR EZR ABE AE HS PAT LAS RH BAT EA DO oe BD Lo *13a. ER PCO/D BAHAR Hoo PYRE A Be HE HH a! GE) = 2,64) /O Dy B, (1-55) yoy i ® = Yaw = Hf Vat Wa, 6 sla x = Ma (p/PG,--8_, 2-56) a ” ma Va = GG, 0-57) " a POA) = Dhar(j) = G,G.-8, (1-58a) , ma r By IgP(O/a) = S3g, (1-586) a b. BAX Ha 8 By bE Gy 2 — B® BG) = Bn8.-%, (1-59) Ak, BAR SPW AREAL ET 1-44), (1-45) (1-46) RE 4 . = Da @Orew, fo 1Si Hl? BeARRRED GA ORAS 7 HY ER bas OBRRE Jj HEPRE I AM je WALT FREE RS fH ARE RS AM 7 SHUR AREA NA nM EMRE fH RBARS fi Mj HEBANA w A l—w PRESALE ASHE +18(null transition)), BA AAAs w RET ay HMM (ia. ob. a HMM dee eet PY Beth TH A we. © DAZED BODE OU w HE ARE AR AtHE. Alb. BORA A A A, BGR AEA RIT w ROBE AR. HT EAE+T+AH —TbA RMT HA BAERS BULA — MB BGR Aa w HRA BEA AL AA, AFR SAVGMEN MaRS HR . Hee RS w (AT, AOR AE we. HLRAE TM WSK RRA. RBERFESH. BARU IEA ABT RR EEE Se RT ew HRA. AA MAHAR, A AA BREE. TEM SHAR SPRSRBE-TRE. RRL ARPA ee HEBEL. —FORSHAE, AFG METRES Hae) | Hp BM Baum-Welch Wek ny H fi BA TL HES tt — FH HMM #i3¢ Fh] EE MAK RBG SH SP RUES BAT Ay SRE a ae SE LAT BURMA AT RO REEAR, SRA L PRR AMRRA A=Cr,A, B). TRA 3, = Raa BL ee RA 7 SARS FE He BO a a Ds BETTER 13 7 BOM ms PMP 1 RAR L » trans-counts (i, j,/) sp -——__—_—\__ (1-69) att >) state-counts (,/) aA «19+5, ERB Sena ae ke YR SE J RT 2 FLEE RAS FM Seay SET x HAMAPAGERS | WRERA Street: counts (ky j,Z) ae} (1-70) D) state-counts(j,2) oa HBA. state-counts(j,/) |,-; = state-counts(,/) 1-71) RH, (1-69 1-70 RT RSH L z= trans-counts (js) _ . oy = 2yRus state-counts G ,/) Dee dim 72) L 5 vect-counts(k,j,f) _ bu = pyRee state-counts(j,/) = Dee Bu 1-78) em Ry = —Siatecounts Gt) _ a-74) D state-counts(j,/’ ) BR 1-72) 1-73) AY A, AL PU EAR HMM BRAS AE RAR, PY A Sp ee HMM #30, RMU St A SPA UR TRB Fish, TAU TEAR A RT HMM Wt EE. Ke, SBS IF LP HMM Bt REARS fj, A IRAOAUA AT TAOARH. HFS AA TK A Baum-Welch SKA HAS # AME RAWRE LEC BEM TB MPRA PSF AUE, RMT AE HMM eR, TREBLE SAT FR EE SIR BS PT A ET Ste} HMM BY BRT RTE SZ Db EY REA BRS =20°RA Ab SARS HR RSE. SH TKRAT CBR ee, 1.4.2 See Hw HRMS ARA. AAMRBSMES BERT SERENA MHA RG BARA AM At Wa HMM Wh FEDS ABS OE Be HMM Be + FERN. RTMBERATURRY BARRIER D, BU $5 HAAR A= Gr, A,B), WING AT MA ORT Dy HORE. MARR MMT —TUBRBR De RNRBSM— FT BS Ds HHERERRES EROS. De HUT Ds Ki, YA SAS WGA AE a A a he SHEE BL RTA P RM TREE SAR ER BRARRH. , ARSE Baum-Welch Rik, -THRMMEHRRBA D, Ds #2 BRVUA-TRM, CRA, -AHPEH RA BURT HRM AAR. BA. LCRA EAA ERSEMAS THEA RONGRES DM ARET RR PEM AS ORS aS Re A, BA, RRR ROPER AED UW AWG ASE Ds BARE BPFRER BARA A, ABR IAT A" ABB BES De AOAEHE TAN HY Be Pat Be ED, SHE. SPX AN, BLS} Baum-Welch WE, RASH T —H DEES EMT, CDNA EAN MARL FRAPRARAHR AO, RRB Hy BRASL (1-69) 4 1-70) RY EL REA AL PAS ST RE KR. REM RERA HUAFA TS MAMERKEBRSARRHSRS + RA, LAME RA PBR AAI Ds HDs KH «215PRS MARE MRA OY L, ML, GR L+L,=L, Be KSB ARC 69A-70)R A Sites. counts (i, 7,2,) Seen counts™ (i, jsf,) = ae ay = Sistate counts (2,2,) + Sete counts (i ,J,) A __ trans-counts™ + trans- counts” (1-75) state-counts™ + state- counts” 4 Di veet-counts™ (2, 7421) + Sve counts (&, jsép) ; i ik Gy “— Dstate- counts? (j,2,) + Duptates counts (j,1,) i= _ vect-counts™ + vect-counts state-counts” + state-counts™ BORE DETR AY EY SF EU GEE Da URE WH AW, ARR A= (7. 4A. DMERER CREAR HRS KR. KER ARAB A. BD trans-counts™, vect-counts™ fil state-counts™, FEPGBIF A UAE Ds HL AWARD, BARHRALURTHKBEKR. ARRMARKAH A, Wy trans-counts™ , vect-counts“” il state-counts™ , BB Z, Hy (1-75) RAI-76) RRA 0. Be BEET BE De IPE KX | RT RRS D, OSHS RRL a BR, HEP 3X deh UR eG Og BE TE — HMM PAL AS UNG A RO et FL RE SB TD Ds A Deo» HH Baum-Welch $25} HUF" AY Ande Al Ac UR RES KR RRA ALE 1-75) (1-76) A BA, ROE FARE BD FSP ES A AN BD WY 3p RIG Hh SA BR D+ Ds, Da+De Bi Dat+De.Dat+Dat De BPE S TRABBR, SHG HMM Shit M A a ee -226 D (1-76) .22 RE A, FO A PH PRE RE DEREH OL, — ALAS RMR TE KEDWES ABO. KORA RAT BARR CHE BM Shikano SHE Hi T Lk VO sR a RAM HE MAARO™ Sugawara SH T ARHMM AS A MN, PTE, AAT RA TS BO, Martin SA 12981 T — St tT HMM CF SCAB SRi) HMM) RSE AERO”) Nakamura 4 ABET AEF Fury BOA VO HABLA RAMPART PHARHAARK MKT HMM AAAS (NN) RSE RET RIO, Lee SA SAE HMM BS HGS AUII HEIN T —7 Bayesian 9M, BIL Sb ABSA RRO LE, 1.4.3 KEBR OH HMM ¥S§ (ALES J HMM Zee ee HXSAA. Fae XP AS AB RE RY T. SRR Baum-Welch He, KHL HMM HRA (Maximum Likelihood ML) S44 Ht > HN EU A O, fH PCO/DAARDR A. TRAE BR TERA FA EVE EA, AM TS aE RE. RPRARREMRAET BAS Maximum Mutual Information, MMI) ME DMRS 48 EPA BROh O78) 5 Oey 2 SE BL (OAR ET MMI ROR ML feo. MUWAFA ONMM AB RRELH _, POA _, POM 10,0) =le BoyPa) 7 | PCO) =IgP(O/a) —~ IgP(O) «23°=IgP(O/d) — Ig )P(O/4 PU) 1-77) = « SPA EAS URE OOK, ATRE A, {2B abt MMI (6 EAR ML BHAERRARH WE. B.A. ORK-BRABRY BABAK. SMH, AMBRRT BLE. Bit .MMI WS BY — FHA SI Ty Be 5 DT BR BE RA SRE BE BS BSE B-AOEO REE GAR EM RO ARR, FA BS RE AB EH Sw HS 2 SR, a AS SY TURE DFS AY Baum-Welch FMS — 2A AA AP ASOES D MIRAE AA w RAR o, WAS BE we REI Eo SE) ST ANSBLK-BR.-ARAKANE RRB RAH ARM SSP MRK T RUE. BIRO IRR Z hh de BOSH. FHRETA-BT THAR. VRMSK a, HA BEI ABEAATUEH = __ trans-counts(, j) “u ™ “ state-counts () (0-78) TE URE O° = 1, LL HBR AED AR LPR BAJ=1,-, LH WR OT RRART O° AF PO” /A,) < PCO /A) (1-79) Ast, HMB ROBR A, 32 PO /A,) HF I-7OADRPRI, AHRSR—-BR. WEED. ARG OM A, ABER KER, BAAD BKB ARS HB BY trans-counts @, P state-counts@), FE HBB OP RM A BROKER, BB trans-counts (i, j) I state-counts (ij) , RA, BMRA RD A, HERA 3, = Tanscounts (i,j) + dite 40 = ~State-counts@) + dese 1-80) Kp 2, =trans-counts(, j) — trans-counts (i,j)? I I 24654 =state-counts()” — state-counts() 3, #1 3, WBEBT. (0. 11RR AR. RAT RSE 2G AAA Baum-Welch Mik WISER REA OI BAER. BS OAT TE LGR BR, Ea ARRAY Po) = =F OMPA 1-81) DPOA PAD HHP, A, =1, +, Ly ARLE OLOME. ARBRE, i PO/OORK EWES ARRBRE SH AMSA. HP-MUA PORSHRERAA, FRA HRMS K, Alb, HRG-77A1-BDA, RM E NRA, WAM, - 8AM POM RMT SHR. ARR RE RT 3572 MMI EMS HMM H— TR I HMM 65 24 S653 ASA A OH TR AG EA SES ag te | Yt, BRM SR Baum-Welch ME Hy BH LEA RS AM PRLERWERE OREM ARH HA maxP(0,S/AIU CREA PM 118K BF a HH 21? (O,S/2) BL PCO/A))s BSL F HHA HR TEAR HEHE WISER? 9 7 HAT HMM ABER A 2 TS Fee 7h UR BEL OR HIM NER VQ — i thE rR RATE IMM S28 ELA Ot, HMM 27 Be, IMM JL EL A ll FSET ASE PER MLC MQDICR AR VQ SR BGHER AL HMM BET BRO" LEAT ERY AR RR PR ML, Be RA PUSH ROOM RH OY TEBE RA HMM SSc(hii AO — PRES AL 225°S—H SANE HMM SRR) HMM, oF SCRE M PRAT RO hi —+ AZ WAR MM, ORS J REY SPE ih AR 5, k= 1, MIN. AEP ee HO LEMS LEA HMM, FRR HMM 2 1.2 BRR PERT, de, Be GY HMM, FY LA AAR BE a BT TT RAMA R MBE ER, 23 BONO ER 12 BIH Hh BPO NAT AHEM ES HMM, BF FHSS HMM SER — SEL AX, a EAR 7 et BA REL ME APH ch — TW AO BE 8, CORA EGR RAS] RSE MM RE — 246 WN HMM tht Tt AT (RE 9 HMM HRC HMM HR >, TER HMM, A #2 HMM i —f)—- AUER, eS HMM AUB i HMM aR CHE a. WARES HMM ERE LAA, ME BoA TOR 1. 2 SB — BBS) a A HRA Markov EAN EWAN = AER HMM, BNA Gibbs 4 RR Markov #86) HMM; 4 Markov #€ 54m Aika 5E BAY BRAY HMM LL ROW HMM, BE SPIE EE HMM SET TE aR. +266- *§2.1 seeks HMM _ 2.1.1 = HMM 42K HMM 2eah 2 Es ese HMM, (Fy a= Gr, A,B). AH BREATHE, MEARS ARS BR, HP B= {6,(X), j=l N). SAR HMM, A-G RAR (1-20) ~ (1-27) RAM Viterbi MHA 1-29) ~ (1-35) RH A OK A AH RSM Baum-Welch WHA E AR, BIR Athit w ABR OE, ARTE 5,00 HBM, Rt 6 COMU— EMMA RY, Baum SASH RHARH, BR 6 BAM BRO. GK, Liporace 3[ fi Fan $i RIA 2H Bae TRA 6 COWRA DAM KS ED CRR. AO 60%) = [Ry [7h Cg (X)) @D eH B6X) = Of ~ nTRACX — 9) (2-2) A~ PER AKA, Juang FAB—B ART 6, COM RM RAARHRUBA TUS Rs, ORM BR MEK RRO RE MRE GO, FERS ER SRR LH BBE, AT HS HMM AD ATT SRB. GRR AEA 6, (XD 2 AR AB ROY TT HES HERHRAAAUAR-AY. REU—-h EAR R-—— RA 6,4 wens, K 4(X)= Deabu(X) m K = Vea te ds 1SFSN (23) a +276KNX SOAS EERE BR HK ERE 5.8 BEM K ER 6 COS ET ce WE BA Dea =1 (2-4) BRE AMB FAA O=O, ,0,,-+ Or MPF HR EARH r DAG. a (25) ew aA r D1.G BO, 7 hep (2-6) DIACT) A Tr D712), — a, — ta)? x, == __,-——_____ (2-7) SG.) A HH 1G = Dyes @Daueubn OBD/POM , (2-8) & (pM C-39) REN. ARELE RMR. BAZ RK 6,2) RARE ALARA IA AALS HMM PRS HMM, eR SKS ABI HMM, ACHOMBE STE E. RE OMT 6,(X), 162-3) Rae CER LH I Ki ot, TUBA . . 6,(X) = kyexp[— D,(X54,] (2-9) oe mH = GED? 2-10) DCX su) = CX — 57K — 47 (2-112) +286BE oy ABER. S, A BE, DO eR BRE X A 4 ZIRIAS Mahalanobis BRO", HO & @ Bl. RE HW FM b, CK) OBE BAR EA (2-9) IE AL Bd HMM ()— ft —-ReER RUBO 6(X) = keexpl— D(XsB,)] (2-12) FF ko WRT RR, BEE 6,(2) EL J pcodx =1 (2-13) MOEA TT + HRARESI RAR YL, A CAT ARNT 8, UHR, OOMSR, CREE X AH ARIE MPERE BA DOB REXAEER ROR EE. PRUE ARRAAER EM AWA Euclidean BRA, SH AT 6, COBRH REAR, Hie RRA E EZ —, A LPC RRS yylava e(1) =a) . (2-14) ms. e@) =a) + SI} — k/da@eG ~ &, a 1 D&C) = C, — €E)7C. = 6) = Can — Cin? wi @ip 8-5 HMM“ a Se HMM By ae fd a BE TURBHSR C, HHGAR +296T Sah Com Ca ————, 1S JSN, 1 Simp (2-18) Daas EH Co ABER ¢ MO. HABBR Co HHS m MA. YUE FRNA L Pet, (2-18) RIES A RAR RY PR a te, BAL 1. 3.3 AY EAS ee I ee. BREA HMM EP] RAPER T Bh. BIR, (2-12) ROBE BIS Te HRA HY x 6X) = Yepby(X) (2-19) fen Pp CORA CIDRABR, 2.1.2 RHR] HMM Ree WIBY HMM CLinear Predictive HMMD254 S24: 508 8 TRAE BM 6, (0) — PES HMM, By Poritz He HF FAFA A SHACK Juang Al Rabiner MHEG T RAE FST HSA RRS A 6X) EM AT MA, HERE ek HMM EE AH RRMA SS A ETT ROO YER HMM LAR Ae PEAY LPC RAN. TORE ae i Se PR. Ai AM HB RSA ARATE LPC Fre. FHENAREMRE PT SERB ER SEA MY 2 JH (AR) a, By ath, 2 FP HMM 48 9 8 BH A A HMM (Gaussian Autoregressive HMM), LPC HEARAE. THAMES SETH PHBE ST ELK EPMA AR Se fe — BY A A M , B —R A WEAR UMAREAS TH HAMAR) BHAA +30°LPC RHO", RR LPC AR, AWRAILTHRE AY HME. MAT RRARRERHAA. KG PHALO ERK LPC RANMA ARK LPC AB a.,i—1,-- pH FR BRR: » Maki kD =R@, i= ly ,p (2-20) JOR. OWE n MU ER. (2-20 CAR SAR WEE. — IRR ASE Robinson HC"), AE AT WL RAE BH LPC RH. FRERRH BG ALRM, DSO A SEM. th (2-20), LPC RAAT T ; fe LPC SF MEER ECA, WEES AH S7= Cs sa)oK WK HEINE 2.1 BERRA AR BULAN AE FARA, m= Dax) +e @2p 5; = 02; (2-22) rents ¢ x & s 21 BR ARRARE - 2.1, ACZ) = LpaiZ eta, Z EB ais ya, LPC RR. 40S (FA—TMAME RDN -TER ERA FARE C. YS AF ee PE FUSIC) = (2n)-**10,|-expl— L8°C;18] (2-23) BHRSO A I€,| = (e*)* (2-24) STC,'S = 8(0"'S;a) (2-25) «31¢FEF 0" = Cao ray + say) a0= 1,29 LPC RBI RH a” WA HRRRROAS HAAR, 8(o"*S 5a), = [R.CO)R,(0) + IROROVet (2-26) Seto? BL LPC SHeriet Hy UR CP) HE. Batt, (2-238 Wax SF AS/a,0*) = (an) “8 (ot) *expf— $oo"'Ssa)] (2-27) FOS ST ae XT <5" /o ERB, a F(X/a) =o0* f,(oX/a,0°) =OnyMexpl— taxa] (2-28) at O(X 3a) = R.(0)R, (0) + abr, CR) (2-29) ROA WEAK B Re, MA sea Awe. 24 t — HGR WAAL) xX BY Ze LPC BIO BRE WE LPC AR a” BFR SCO /ORANREH ¢ ARF Bi SAF OX? eR A. 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I AK RER WHMM SRRASRS SRA AR FRE RF. -7He§3.2 Bas 3.2.1 MPHEEMORA PBS E TH WR, AA Oe BUS RR TL ae eR KKRERK. A HARP RRHRTR, ALAR FEN-TERRE. PRANESETRDARAEY TR SKLAR BIER RK EI GT fe SRE A ABE Bd) BIN. A EO aR PR PATHS RAO! OW ERR RO BBE HR BR RA I SOS A BMRA OST ee ee al, eB BP Ree 3H BY —-TORHB ASR POR 307) HMM A A TR EE FYI /ESE HH Ephraim $F A Age), HE SP a BS PET Rh A RO, Di BY, ARRAS. PRR REO Pe LAA : Y=Stm, t=1,.T (313) BEBDMARARET MY. PTE S.. RE-TBR FIR, GRY, GU AY. SOE S. FAR EL PARE A ER PP BB I RZAOE S ORR EREA AH Kalman We ik HS, t=1e Ts EWE HMM 8 ee eR EE — Ba AM ALHEURER TRAE RE SET Re RTH BS UR OS BR — ET. (Data =76°«EPP RMME Heh, BRR AERA B-HAANMER. ARHAAKEADTEEERRA CRE AS FCS STIR HRS» SRF AL A A HELE EBKS RUT AT ACRES RRS RRHERE, A i+ BE. REAARERW HMM RRMA GRP Ee BR ER WA RH FN HE EB EMM $9 LE AT ARPA KES ERE BM HMM BY Markov $F. Suk, RUT AEM ACRE ALTA. RHTKHERR ES WRN Be BRRAA NAOH RERRS TAA eRAE A, fit ih —T RE BM HMM WS HS LER HMM Wi). BA Bie ae ARE RA ER ID nna ones ner RB Tt HAR HMM 23, ARF SR ET A te BRED HMM ff HARP on. ABS Markov RAS FAVA. (LE ERA HA Ft Viterbi HRT R A — AF Markov RAHA, IH Oggi gr B RA SF (tal q, = 9) = (omy-*|C,,|-exp[ — Faczn. | f= 12 P (3-14) HE CAH MRM PR 6, RAEN WS MK 5, (X) HBR, H— A HM bX) RAM (2-23) RR RS MARBAR. Re, FQIOAAPRBA: FQta/q = 9) = (omy “*exp[ — Fo(nasey) | (3-15a) ? Ft O(nsa,) = ROR.) + 29 ROR) (3156) it “776AeA RRA, ROW 2 ARR ROK aye AAR SY MF 6, OO RMT (2-31 sk BAR — IE 4, WHE 6;(X) A) LPC RRM, BRe,4 Ci BH 6, COMES Ro DEPERPSORE LURMTEPHSR. Aue gE HMM $etk a Pe: SF (nf QD) =F Gres ster yt ster /Q G29 Gr) =F (nal) F alge) f Gea/ar) (3-16) QClOR RRS WA ERE PT nna nr EEE A a ZARA. (LAL EM O MTEL F oe 2 UR Ba ha T OFM ST. WE PA Re, Bo SUT RPE TR: Ful) =f (mala = 6,) =n)" (6,|° Mexp[ — FreCaa | (#17) t=1,2,,7 EAR EMA EPS nT O EE UL Hn HEA RSE Bn BPE (3-17 Re CMVGBA 0 HAHA 0, ASAE HMM EAE eT RH SMTA ETIO PRES, A REET mE #280 HMM 494i 2 SEE), AS AMY Markov RAE PUNE ME, DRED ne, RY RE AS OB BP OR AB NO TAG RS Fh BE, (UE, th Viterbi SRA ARATED Q HME FH nS BE C3-17) RHEE UALS AOR OE B-THEWESE. (3) NB RE hit BOO BZ .t= 1,7 BR REA, BN Z, SA AR, HA Z=Sutm, t= 1,057 (3-18) . 78 °RP Swt=1s 7, HA AM SE a t= 1,7 AE RE AERA, AMUSED Z, HART aS Se FRR 5. = SHG, t= 1,57 (3-19) ° rt BU Heb) AYES WAR TT RS AE BZ, t= 1 TE 3 DAR E([Sa — >} H(t,4)%,]27} = 0 tai, 72 = leT (3-20) RS SHH T + E(Su27] = SAG. E(ZZT] © t= 1,7 (3-21) BAZ, ABB RE E[Z,Z7 ] = D.(k)8(k — 1) (3-22) HY DOAZ WAH. RH. AA D.(k) = Dyo(k) + DR) (3-23) KH Da OH Sul X DOA a HH. LBAG-19R, A uw E[S..Z7 ] = Dw (EU — t) (3-24) BB, (3-21) RAH r Dro (1)6C — 1) = SHG, RD ARIE — 1) (3-25) a= an ar HG@,l) = Dy W)5U — 2)Dy'(t) (3-26) A, (2-19 RBH Sar = Dro (t) Dt) + D,(t)) 12, t=1,,T (3-27) KP De O8 Su HH DOO mn WHE. Sell ARAB Shite. Ome ©7796ADF (3-13) KB ae St 1,57 PARE HMM $f i AUS Fa. RS ER HMM ihe S, FEAR RZ, 3, BBB — PAREN HMM, BH — APRA, BR TRAE S..2=1,°57 ARR SRRIURRMT: , 8(X) = (omy *exp| — zeae] (3-28a) Hr 8(X;a;) = R,O)R.C0) + 23k @R.G@) (3-28b) RELY HA-hBAOROWX EAE, RG a; H BAABR, 8 a, 43H 6,00 LPC BX,a;,j=1,-- NB WARK KH. AAG, 3-209RHT ABARAT ARR: a(X) = any ®* (6, -exp| — sxrerx] (3-29) HPC, AM SE, BRR TT 6,00), EX BRA HREM ESM. “Re MC FERSHRA BHHSE B.C, Rett a; RAK. SRM SS a t=1.00 7, BRA F(a) = Cony * |B, |"exp| — 4 sar: ‘won| (3-30) RED.OA a ZHHPSEE, ARAM RRCRES. Hl DQ) = Di exxs Di = of, i= 1,0, K, HE Dy = 0. AT ELRASARZSE BIVARIATE BH—THAR: a. BO S=Y., MMA Y, he AA a, Viterbi LK, TLR — AF 5, A) Markov REFAMQ=q, - Ce b EEA QHAAT REMRP AMAL TOS + FRR St=1ye- 1T FAAGHA SHS Wy S.A . 80 .FBu) = Gn) “D0! Mexp| — FSEDaI EB. | (3-31) RDO 4 SWS, AA Delt) = Cy lens, (3-32) C, AB-2DAMAR ZIM. UF RN BBR NY, PRT SL, ach YX =Batm, t=1,,7 (3-33) RMT RS HRB 2A A Ser = Dre (2) (Dat) + DC) =¥, =Cyjlyno,[Cila-s, + DO] 'Y, t= T (3-34) | d. HRS 2 GHEE. MRSA AR WU Y.=S,.8l a eR, (GRRL BR HARE, 1G-3ORTR BRE, VAS RE AULT: 2 RARE EA DO ZitE FA it SEL BY DA Pee (0, 155) 95} RL EA 7 rise, s+ FA FRB BE PTA TOBIN (0,02) AE RS FEO “ai =o, V— 2lnrcos (2a...) (3-354) uy.) = 6, V — 2lnr,sin(2ar,,,) (3-35b) REA, HG-3 ALBA n= exp[ — gata + wha) | (3-36a) ri = jelareta “4 6] (3-36) *8i-BA (os ts ORE RROD Bt stinr) = frien |F} (3-37) FP, lJ PTAA am ae, Miss Fieny int Oy Miss BEY. 1 Bain) = sapere | — antl Lage [ — atts | (3-38) BAD.OAKXK tt PR. A Di=o2, b.C, HH RE-TRARMRA. C2 AEM, CIR XR AA 6, COW BK. mY XA ER 6, HBR ALPC AR a, EMER HMM WERE FORK oA Hes FES A o; HHH C; HARK. KCB-28b RAIA BT} AT , 8(X44,) =R,CO)R,(0) + 2 ROR) a k , ka =R,(0) Doak + 2 RG) DS) rts a i= rast AXTCX (3-39) a - XT = (ayrprrzy) R00) RC) oe Rp) ” 0 R.1) RCO) i c= i Rw) RD) : i . RCD) 0 ey Rp) us R.C1) RCO) (3-40) +82°HES (3-28a RAC3-29) RR X RAS 6, CAE HRWREEKY 5. MA, RRA Cj) = Ci /e8 (3-41) Bika C; = oCi—', j= 1a, N (3-42) RPC MH4OAHR. ROW a, HAAR. (3-420 o} OH AR HEB HMM Ge BR OR RY TEM BAB RCRA @, HY. MBA LPC Bib EH HoR @, BURT, BD ROR eh BR EA ME, TT of} = E,/KK Whi HK, AEM A RE A. a RTD) T ha, HA C, AR. SMM AAC) SEP Te BRA RG TPO, TB 3-34) Re PER we tte BY A Rh #. (6) RB ER : RNA GIOA RAHM RRR TARAS RR Oe" RAST RAT. FURIE 4 — IB “Good Morning” Boe MI 3. 10(a) AR. BG OBE I AL DE eC —2 048.2 048], fA SRE o? = 144 178.1 (3-43) AYR BRIS ARLE LPC Adit (p= 10) OLAS A EE BL 3S ER AAR RRP DW oe of? = 2 319.319 (3-44) FD 2.1 RAINS 0, Ay AZ) Rea ST AY ME Rh vo ERAE NER fF SOAR. FURS BF SY Fe A A MM Sad B. TABARERK, FE RAMKER ROM BR SL RR AAG AY EE LPC Bi 9 AOR BH 8, (X) +836ATE 3.10 BAAS AMR @ FMB "Good Morning "#3 10? =144 178.1) ) RR ARAB of =23 193.19 BR a, HALA RE ee Oo RSA G42DK RHRDBRH BA C) j= 1,56, Se SF) TS ETA , oe (3-35) HR, YE ot = 23 193.19 BY, HORE A 3. 10(b PrN. HP MM a FRA on (AS ER ELS at OS 2 a Be ab 0 3 J AE AM BEA HAE TE. BESS SR ARIE ol 2 319. 319, IBA, RRR AY Rive XM AAR: : Ay = 101g % = 101g 44 178.1 2 319. 319 SNL HAGE 3. UR. ARBRE FRE MA 3.110) BR. dt D/A PR MAL MLAAH BAS. RIM AN 3. UO FRECHE ORE SR AE ING AMT S AEH = 84° 17.94dB (3-45)ross HE 10: = 1024 2048 2041 102: —1024! 2048 0. 0000 0, 4480, /s 0. 8960 (bd tls 23.11 BRAN B ORE (a) 4 MGR BE »S/N=17. 944By (b) HE a PHT S/N = 23. 2548 = 144 178.1 _ Aa = 101g 682.353. 2 25dB » (3-46) HAY OR LBC T 5. 31dB, / FE SR BR A AIG 0 = 23 193. 19, HEE, ZT MR LA = 144 178.1 . Ag = 101g 23 193.19 ~ 7. 94dB (3-47) MARAE MEE 3.126) PAR. MMB R— ED a RRMA 3.120 Sa. HB D/A HRMS OF LEARAKHAS AUNT, RAR SR = 144 178.1 . _ Aa = 10le 3939, gg7 © 16 46dB (3-48) BUR ART 8. 52dB, -- <85°2osay Haat BE 1024) —1024} — 20481 2048 1024) ~1024 — 2048] 0. 0000 0. 4480 0. 8560 b) ts 3.12 RRS RE @) AUPE S/N=7. 4B; (bY IG HS BIE S/N =16. 46dB SA SE OY Al 5X LS HB TT HR. ALE DAEBERBERGIORRE, HEY RB BORD A A FRE A ATT LE he RK A SEAS AUZR ALY » A,» 4 eR Be SH a Yd Pe SE FPR TH eM RIOT Oe SAA XH AE VLSI RERBRSR ARM AO LE A a 3.2.2 OR BREE ty 8G RHBTREWAL REACH BA Re, SH PEM EOP A Be St 2 OY FR BE A SFB. MARE HS —- RARE TRE: B-PRERE AEM AR BE EEE TT 3a a Nb A — RE = 86sR21 TENE ER ERE. BO MEER IRE Ee S0% BF) BEA Robust #, RE A DEL PRE RE ELIE MRRA HE. SBTC SAPD Rae ie. DURE AA A ORR 7 RE A A 8 Ao SE Fe FGA EB ah a FERALBE YL AAT AERA HH BHMHARRE ~ AY LEH Juang 35 A See SME BE te 22 PTH RB Ppl?) ees AR RUSH Re HWRBKRAARARF ) 7 HARA RE, G RRR AAM ik BT AS 0. IBZ PER den) = Ce — 8)" (e — On) (3-49) Sot o= £2 (3-50) In? . RES wR den) = lel? — cos) (3-51) ‘ =o - HP cos8 = TT ig] (3-52) ES A RE ae Re HMM. St ABLES) HMM AE EER BM 2-12). BF 4-5 HMM, REAM RRS SHAT 6, Bt A FES. Fle) = hexp[ — Fe — Oye — a] (3-68) Bk WAT. AA (3-50)Sk, WHE ITO ARIK a. Hf Baum-Welch HRM BAHAR Be, A Sik H} HMM AMAR ARF, MARS OA AA ERE ARE LORS oy 4 SNR $2 15~20dB. +87"ETE EF Ah BE ACH» VA I RR BE td PB HK. AM. FRAME PRAT hw MM RR 8 NPR BSAA ES RA EA MM B50 ECE PRS BY Hr ROO SS a — RE {iit RR HMM BH RAF SR MM WEB pelea BENCH ARBE HAG 1A IR ¥.=S,tm, t=1,,T G54) SY, PARES WER, HRM ARA, Bie = Cae ot Had” 9 Se Ga ee Sac) 9 ty = Cts ta) K AE BE. 22-7 HMM SA EA BED ETT AY. DREN E— BE ZA MBE BH BS Rye) =Ry Ct) + Ru (2) Ra(O) +-02, r=0 -{ro. 70 (3-55) Bey FY OD,» A A BL A BB A EE ce 0 Tt tH RA, ERR GREE HREM HMM SRA, REE A KM = 0 RA of (A ROR T RY Wa BR . SER HMM SR, HPPA oR RE Markov HB BU RARE RAS RE BK 6, COMBR a, MSH SAAKBHR j=l N. BA, PRB SHRER HMM S30 (A tt US. AER HB Markov CHER ABAAERK. AAKHS Rt STRERM HMM BREAK PA RS. iT ROWAT AH 23ORBCEHARRE: > 88<> ty 1 af 7) Bs GER! (0) — of] a ty SM Varese i i RO=5 Sa OaroMaew 1 Ae a — > §#0 (3-56) a Ze ODEO THPRRAARBS A 3.11) Bam. REA 3. 10) Biz BRE “Good Morning "ab MF of=2 319. 319 ART ER PUTT. RI ET ORE EID O, HARPER HY — ASE HMM, 5 A RR I O., PBR RH +) SE BN AMM. 30 8 A, RY FE Bt AE YC 3- 56)s8 RU PRED HMM i 4 igP(O/2,) =— 15.671 03 (3-574), IgP(O/a,) =~ 32.352 87 (3-57b) IgP(O/A) =— 25. 824 82 (3-57) LR Bea — HT A EP SRACEY, RAEMEERM. FAA -HROREHBK, RRARARECALATHTRER. HAKit, FHORERD “RE”. HGR HMM Fa BO, RADE = PY SDT: HH (8-57 AT, CMRP OO BL A PE O HE MBL — 15. 671 03,1 HARA O, MARY AL PAE O AA LE Xt BB Wy — 32. 352 87, AAT A BIRO PAT RD RAL (LB HAA IK (3-56) RAR AN A PEO AREY MAA — 25. 824 84, HiT A BRO IK A HERO WA # RAT RBA RAEREAM HMM SRT TEA Fe SB UE Gil RS Be EP. . 89 .REAKG—TRE RANE. WA 3.11 RAD SRR LMHS iy O., PARA RT BAL BRM: IgP(O/2,) = — 22.036 49 (3-58) Huy WL lgP (0/2) ff IgP (0/22 SUE E BBE ET 5X BL FS BE MM, Bl 2, ZEB RT AH — KR RERE HMM 6X. XP KIER T RAR MARE REM HMM SSH it HERR AR RD BIE AA or IAF BRBATEK. BiB ht ERS eT a HMM Bea a, Be ot WN Si Hae DT A AB TE « RR BS Od «aE As ABAPTKWURRG AS ARLAAWHAGHRA AA BRN A RS PRA RR HMM SRT RE AY ae. §3.3 aR 3.3.1 TBR AR RRM AB aS AH Bb BSSESM. LAR RMNRB TAT Ze, ESR, FL — AY IS EE AS IE LPC ARS, BR AMM MO LSP RRO, BHP ESR HEAT ARARA ALAR BERBHK OD. Ba LAER IE A BS Bk Oh BD eB (MP-LPC)”, BE BU BS APC), Gt BM 6 (CEL 159 ET SER a CHE BE OE 3.13 ras, AB BNHY LPC 3p -EB RK THA LPC HGH s IN 3. 14 BAR. XAT ORE See RW IMM Ay SPE TESTO 3. 14 FRAP ES <90¢ae an Rae FE ae weet ‘un? «> ae () — ? ar. oo Cor Ta ‘ pra t A313 HEP RU REA He BAAR A zeman . PV a LPC ARR RR 13.14 LPC Si-O CA HE LPC St BROT MO, (1) dae M— BBR O=0,.0,,-+ Or 2 A BIAY LPC KBAR $1E. HE T AR LPC RR. BRA AER HMM FTE. RA Ay LPC RRR ALI O HTK. FID Hf Viterbi BAH. PA Viterbi 4}, RAH Viterbi BIAHH HH PCO/ MH. HFA HMM AR AP RRT AZ ORR ARADO Be, Ath (2- ORAFR: stay 6,(X) = exp[— D(Xya,)] (3-59a) Igb,(X) =— D(X;a,) (3-59b) HP DL sa) AAA M XH LPC RR a. WHE 6, OWS a; 2A) HY Itakure BAR. Hee tE BM HMM 36 A 1. 5d) BR Markov #82, Viterbi REM WMERM Si PF: *91¢a. WE: = C1) =1g6,(0,) = — DCO, 5a,) (3-60a) . . 8,-4(f— 1) +1ga,-,—D(O,54,) b. #0: arama Os tee DO | (3-60b) c. RH, = P=IgP(O/A)=8;(N) (3-60c) HORE DTW RSC TTL BRIT + MRR BRE 0,106, RE DTW RBH MAL, IBZ , Viterbi BIME IgPCO/A EHF H SH LPC RMAREH T BE O WR GE POM—T N BOR @,,02,+ ay GER P22 fae) DTW FER HED. RH, SABRI UGA A HMM BY, BO 85 A iy HE UME: a. HERB Ay; ERY BIE A AYN AE ER SN LPC RR af, a? IBA P(O/da) At BE 3 MA RATT WLPC ARRIEMEE O RAR N LPC RH as + a?) RRS GW MB .O MM, iy DTW ER ie dos b. AH ff CeestimationN AA BA RHMH A,,-4R. BBB TRB af? +08? HER PCO/A) A BM A), im TH O RRA Ma, W.0 AM, HH DIWER. Wad, B® PCO/A)>PO/A) AK di —~ 1024 — 20485-9000 © 0 4224 08448 ts HA 3.19 i “Good Morning”sr ate GOLPC 2 i-HE- BREE “Good Morning” BH: (bi “Good Morning "RRB ; Cc) LPC + 2% 4 Hi HMM 4} 87-5 & BH HE A Hi “Good Morning") 3% . 4, ERP] LPC+ RB HMM RABAT ARE HHBGREPAPLEA NT N=O RAAB RR SE, TW LPC $i-&G RANAWHE PAGS T HTS 26) AA BY CN A BG OE. se, A He EB HMM APES SLAIN SET BO ES MOET A BUFR HY. BATA Ese On ARF IL. 22 AD Rig Hi oF ER DA N PRES RY EAD RRNA RAT RARAT SRS ESH ORR TSA T TRAP ESR FARE. RARER HMM EB Fr RBERE T BRE CT At EN ARYELLE MASEL F LLPC+ BEB HMM BB HT-28 SRE Sree ST TL a At BHR TH EY SR RAT BO ES -97+MEU eR HEBER L179, 198 1895 HF. — AP ALE LPC FS SRY RES ACM eo RRA p~ 10 PRAT RR Ki~K. $4 BM Sbit,Ks~Ks, GRAM Abit, Ky Wy 3bit Kio abit. Fit Albit FAR RR. HI, Tit HME AMAA / oh BAUR, Shit Hath ae Lbie FA I, SEW DT BE HGH Sabi, ERMA RP BMH 25. 6s, KH LPC ABR RAB IGH YH -2. kb/s. MFM 3. 18(b AE 26 MATS LPC+ 24 BUM HMM i EF a OT-S8 & A SE BBE YE YF (248 6 AAR RA BBE LY 26 X 41 = 246bit, EH 26 WWE P/HA 26 x C7 = 312bit, FR BY A BR 26 X 3= 78bit, WA, HR Ws (246-+-312+-78)bit/0. 6864s=926. 6hit/s, A 3. 19(b) MA JERE LPC+ Ate HM HMM HE AH-BA RARE. 859. 4bit/s. SER. TU SBA WR LPC AB AWRBR HAD {8 2. kb/s, 3] A REM HMM 2 SiH LPC+ REM HMM BEA H-BS RRA FE EB kb/s, PAA LPC ABER RH — 4. RARE LPS B. RUDRA T AED HMM HE MES RE STR» A A A a TR, Te HAC] (TY ERM. 3.3.2 BRAS SUA NAHE RIM (Vector Quantization, VQ), f-#—-HRRN ER SAUER LER Abe ARS TPZ BY FE Buzo BAR TE BR — TERRES, A RR SMART T KEE. 80 ERMA, RES BPS OE Fé 4 MH XK dB. FA Kohonen #2 #1 89 48 FFF OE Oe HY (Selt- . 98 .Organizing Feature Map, SOFM)XZAKRR, ZA TIS Aye ys SOFM 44 2—-THEAS.8—PaAD RA TA AY EAN EES i a CE. SOPM HORE EHUCELRBATR SHU PASCAL A. Mat PARR aR RA RAR A ERR ABBE 4 RARE ZS, PE BOR ADHE RAPALA HEE REO SATA REE BRE MER LAA Ate SAUNA BREN STR ADA — TR, MS PS FEHR BALE AS IAT AEH PRA AS, 3X BA HMM $4, Xf 98 SOFM BELT T ae EDR BAPE A He TARR 4h BF R— 18 &@ SOFM/HMM Fk": , XP RAREM fe Ri R.A HMM AR, Xf SOFM BFE AIEEE, DAE 22K BE HR SOFM AK A AR, A HMM, JAG FT UA SF HMM By $5 BPSD Od ACHE G7 BIE Ah 2 FSH BAU AAR LR. BBM SOFM RERMHKPEEMBAPHBRD CC, Cu. REY M PMD eB BER BOS AE, UE i OP 1=1 Le Bh OO Rm 1 MAF NS BRR, O° =O? OP KOH T, WH LE ROP S MESHAWER. HEMHBAT +5 HMM Bi) M SO (2) = kexp[— D(X5€,)] (3-62) 3 =1,,M HEA ABBOC, WH TAR, CEM AMM Hj TR ASM BA A A FO WSR, DAC RRB EBX «© 99*HT ARO, AC; ZK RE A D(X;C,) =(O, ~ C7, — C,) . = > (Om — Cin? (3-63) BCH, py LPC OTHE. "il ALITA LPC RAH BL. Onn CoS SHA O, FC; RS me SICA. HL HMM HERR MEMRAM BRHSMZ MH, BARRE RR = Oy URS ERR A ={ai)exwe Hi HMM JHE i ESS Rk ET dak HMM Bee. MUR TE TM SBA MPAERROLM BAH MPEP). w AE BELLE SARA. 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ME 4. 8 BAR LAM BABH : 1G+1) Lb kv G+) | Bx +1) A+ Dee AGtD wr Bun wu Awe tow-tw-1 Qtuw-iw 1 Www Aww une Aun ts Attia wri Awe in wy Away win Aww wy Awa tenia 2 Ate aa waa AeDNN 1 e+) a i4.8 s£8 OPU [a] Bisy Systolic oF @DAKETD LARA HAASE PEs (Aj C+ DY g C+ DAR RRMA Awis (OPBEAERT PE PRR w., a. tH e+ DASE RATES ¢ TPES SS j 1 PE PAE AY Ay +O N PHARMA ARE PEMA 4 8 im. b. SAjC+ DAA i TPE OT RFU 20+) RE 116+WD) Aw, GER LER THEY 0) WI 4. 8(b STR. co N PRESS IG LAI ERA NX PACER Dae DH KT. SUBRAIRES WF RH 2 EAR AOER OPU RA. A Aw, MSE L RIN ZG PE UME SEE ET PE BER wi ULM N PAL wy awry D pAwy¥ inj (4-22) XB. WFOE HMM PARR, He BP ARMM WIA 4. 800). 7 OUR OR ATED PE AR PAE BOR AR OM 8a; (2) RINT ZG» FER RAT TT HR VMM AS. RECOM HAP OMT. TA FAA . 8) = Page + lw, ~ (28) C7 aU) = Fru +DW (4-24) RB dC) =[8 8D dw (DT BI+1 KERHER VMM 2297244058 (+1 KERGER OPU GHANA. H FPG Systolic HI 4.9 Bras. CAFR E MURR: a. TESS (+1 KERGB § PF PE ES C+D A w, AIR, JLB 4. 9(a). b. RARE HB RM 0.0 Gi + PE HAH OH, ShU+D OR 4.9 -BALFME TAA Me 4. 90b). oNKREENZ RINE ORM ERA, REBIA i + PEL 8 = dec + Dw, (4-25) CHORE gC), me t ae). E38 Systolic SMITE. BRE RPE HMM ff (aA SEES" BY HMM (i Fh 6 IE HR fo BY Markov $89 HMM?*"41 | “TeinU+ Ve b+) GFT bY | edt wu dwn wa Awe Weta: Atow—r0i1 Wee Awe wre Awe wn Awe twyesy Drones wi Ate win Aw wn Attn vowerwen Otte targ tye OWN NA f@) gt) 7 y@tD Aw; wy hw; (b> te) 4.9 A VMM faMiAy Systolic AH () i ORRKARAMG PE; (bg C+ DHE wi, RAR MB 8,0+1)+ Codi CEB EH 2) §43 SFHMM BERBRAREAR 4.3.1 HMM #i%C BPREFH CHAS AWRARTAH MONKS. Alt, HMM We i C HWE. HMM HSMM RRKELAA RM MTA HMM ZG PA BOE TR. MPI IX BASH T HMM EXEABEZ — iy Viterbi HR GTC-2RK ~C3 RR CHAE. SRIF .HMM KER *118-1 C ie HE AA HA AER LAY. EO HMM #5) (RARE BI ERE HMM, BABS -—TLREA PAS BRERA ERY XM EAA 2B HMM HSH CRRA EASS MAH. a BHT Viterbi RAH CHAE. BR Ae Tritt | RSW WRE BR 5(O)H—T CARR. EM Fe BY a HMM BOE ES HMM ERM HMM HH C Ra REA SAH. CDHMM ek CF f** 4% 4% % « » * *File Name; hmm .h* *« * % # * * the header file used for all the HMM functions ee ee #define LOG ZERO — 2000000 7 * the log value of zero * / itdefine MAX .STATE 6 / * the number of the HMM states « / #define MAX PARAMETER. PER. STATE 256 - /* the number of the parameters per state to describe the observation density function of that states for example, for the discrete HMM.it is the number of possible observation vectors or the size of VQ codebook; for the Gaussian HMM; it is the number of the mean and covariance parameters; for the linear predictive HMM, it is the number of LPC coefficients or the LPC analysis order-+1 + / typedef struct { float init prob [MAX STATE]: float trans prob (MAX STATEJ[MAX STATE], float observ param [MAX -STATE]\ [ MAX PARAMETER. PER STATE]: } HMMs / *HMM parameters * / 119+typedef struct { int frame data; /* one frame data of the observation sequence, here the VQ output of one frame for the discrete HMM ,for other types of HMM it may be modified as “float frame_data [FRAME.LENGTH]” « / YDATA; # define log. deltai,t)\ . log delta. sequence[ (long )(t) * MAX-STATE+ (i)] Hdefine log bjx(i,t) log..bjx. sequence[ (long) (t) * MAX-STATE+ @)] #define state-.path(i.t)\, state_path. sequence[ (long) (t) * MAX-STATE+ Gi] /*used in the Viterbi algorithm « / (2) Viterbi HE C HARE (* * #4 # # » » % * File Name; Viterbi.c * # # # #4 4 eH ® The Viterbi algorithm, one of the three basic algorithms for hidden Markov models (HMM) in speech processing, is used te obtain the optimum state sequence and the corresponding probability, i.e. , the Viterbi store, when the observation sequence and the HMM Parameters are known. HR RR RR E/ /* #4 4 « % «© » * Function Descriptions #4 #8 He HR FUNCTION: float Viterbi(DATA +* observ..sequence. int * state_ sequence, int sequ -leng) ARGUMENTS, first one; the known observation sequence for speech signals second one: the output state sequence, to be computed; third one: the length of the observation sequence, or of the state sequence RETURNS: the corresponding probability of producing the observation sequence, namely, the Viterbi score,’ when the HMM Parameters are given NOTES: 1) the HMM parameter is the extern variables 2) this function is designed for all kinds of HMM; RRR EER RE + 120°#include Hinclude Hinclude #include #include #include Hinclude “hmm .h” /* ~—-——exterp variables— ——— —— f extern HMM model, /* ~———function pretotypes——— +*/ float Viterbi(DATA + observ.. sequence, int * state..sequence,\ int sequ_leng); float bjx(DATA x, int j)5 / the observation density function of state j for the frame data x, return the log value * / fect float Viterbi(DATA «observ sequence, int * state.sequence,\ int sequ.leng> { float huge * log-delta sequence; float huge * log bjx sequence; int huge * state. path. sequencer float log trans prob[MAX STATE][MAX STATE]; float log. init prob[MAX STATE], int i, j, ky ts temp. states float log. prob, temp. max, temp: long max size, fe—— —Step 1: preparation ———~ * / max -si (ong)MAX STATE * sequ..lengy if (Clog. delta. sequence = (float huge * ) farcalloc(max size,\ sizeof (float) ))=- =NULL) { printf( strerror(’\n? ERR Not Enough Memory Space\ .- slog delta”)); exit(1)s y y if log. bix-sequence= (float huge * Mfarcalloc(max-size+\ sizeof(float))) = =NULL) { *121+printf( strerror("\n? ERR Not Enough Memory Space\ sestog bix?))s exit(1)s } if ((state path sequence=Cint huge * ) farcalloc (max. size,\ NULL sizeof (int }}) “it . printf ( strerror("\ n? ERR Not Enough Memory Space\, \ ...state path’ )); exit 4 } for(i=0; iCtemp max) { temp.-max=temps temp state=i; } } log delta(j.t}=temp max+log bix(j.t)s state path(j.t)=temp state; ~~—Step 4; termination— — ~ — fog. delta(G,sequ leng—1); temp state=0; forG=1;itemp max? log delta(issequ leng—1)s log prob=temp max; [era m aa Step 5, traceback— ——— — af state sequence [sequ leng—1]=temp State: for(t=sequ leng—2;t>=0;t——) state sequence(t]=state path(state sequence[t+1],t+1)5 farfree(log delta sequence); farfree(log bjx. sequence )+ farfree (state. path. sequence); return log prob; } (DHE SO) BR *# ee * «4 # © File Name; bjx.c# * # ee ee Re / * « # # «© * * «Function Description * * 4 * % * eH Re FUNCTION: float bjx(DATA x. int j); +123This function is used to compute the oservation density function of | the state j for the frame data x; ARGUMENTS: first one; the corresponding speech data of one frame, second one: the states RETURNS, the log value ofthe function for state j and the frame data x4 NOTES: 1) the HMM parameter is the extern variables 2) for different types of HMM, the function bjx() should be modified; the “DATA” structure defined in “hmm_.h” is also changed; here only the bjx() for discrete HMM is presented; BREE Hinclude #tinclude H#include Hinclude #include #tinclude “hmm -h” /* —————extern variables — — extern HMM model; /* ~~——— function prototypes — — — + / float bix(DATA x, int j); /® the observation density function of state j for the frame data x + / float bix (DATA x, int j) { float bjx . discrete . value; -«/ if(model. observ. param[j][x. frame data]==O)\ | bjx_discrete_value=LOG ZERO: else bjx. discrete. value=log(model. observ. .param[j]][x. frame_data]) + return bjx diserete values “124°4.3.2 sf TMS320025 BH RE RIT HMM 8 SH RE BRR Se RSE. BR FA BYR 47 WY FAAS ARES Hr TMS320C25 WR RB PPR SCR — Te RAB ye PB I EO SES 32% TMS320C25 A TA. BR KR OS RE PRS HS he tS I RE > BRESHS SHU RREHES AM 00s)", BEL, BAER RGD TAO Gk FERN SERA. A REE RL AT EK LE BH Be OA SB AE oh 3K + RSM Wit HMM BAR EE RE Ce RE RASEHE. BRU OIE RSH TMS320C25 HRD ABE DL A/ D.D/A 28884}4A a, ASEARZE A/D #0 D/A PRR FLEE A/D RAS RGAE I TMB AK A/ DEFILE ADEA RAAB E ORE ST, —B Wy C25 Het He Fg Ni FH Hi ae De EN a a, FURY A/D 74: RS RE A RE BOE ERTS BARRE ERR RS LS B-FAH.E D/A RS HEE RMR. AARKMBH C2 MK SORES RE BRE Re ZS ARE HBS FRA — PES D/A WRK, AOR StH. GUIRY .C25 Mb Se ah Be FE PF — BR A FE BAB BWA. BH D/A AB IX Pa AE FERRE PS AE SA HH RB BR EP I TEAS. PER AP REP MA-TRERD. FH DEMRERBREARK AE CATED. ‘ “125 «RBM SB Ge szo0zESWL LAE Of *y EE mast xcs) [ote eT SABI x dv9 ose Ht nqe x2 sseze 4 ¥ wowda zou HT WYS #932 BE BBSAR wa OK RR S20 + 126°KREBRS VERMA 4. 10 FR KR ALRHLET UASGHIEM F : " PMS320C25 AF 16 (Hak AU LAE ER. RY TE EA aE A FF SERA SALI 64K X Lebit, ASEH AE TF ARSE BH 4 Hr 62256 CEH RAM 2 32K x 8bit) BE 2 BL 16 1 JF4¢ RAE Hy 2 He 27256( 45 4 EPROM % 32K x 8bit) AM. KR, AGA GAKX 16bit BASF ESE 32K X obit BFA. HES vi f¢ HRD 43 D/A A/D Al C25 ARE oh BUR EH HK RAO RAM 3X BER 1 IDT 7132. 2K x abit, PE FRR, EO KX sbit. HF C25 RARE SALE 32K X Lebit HMA RBS A EI. 7132 BY — SA He ak AR EE RBS C25 ME. 7132 HH — MBE Ra tt BE GE 373 A/D BHC. H ADC0809 HE, th D/A B41 HH DAC0832) 418. RRM EIN TS Hh C25 89 CLKOUTI APE AY LOMHz BS #33 4098 ADCOS09 API AY 312. SkHz BLS}, A/D.D/A RREBKIP SkHe,, Rath dee BE 4040 Tt Mert th BY Ske BRE eS ob FB 6) LHe Boe, ASL SSS, AS, DOPE. SPST AFREOHES. S HRKAMFK. AF PLARERETY LiF, Bigs C25 RSA C25 AF Ib THe eA EE Sk He BT EH BN fH A/D.D/A StF PP te Ik OPE 24,7132 AH hk Be AE th IE T MR Pe A HT aR A ak TS BRANARBEARRMMBRKE. SAKA LEM RS MRREARR HEE CHM Bil LEE 373 HOE # DAC0832 AYCSINSE SM 7132 KRHA A/D PSEA D/A 5} 438 FURY .S, HEY 7132 APRDLAIWDLBP HL 7132 PREZ ARABS Ae 7132. S, FKAF ARR te. BUFF BRE A/D,D/A, 4040 SAbAY Bk He BY SP HK oh BE OR IGE RT SIPS, A A HM INTO #1 INT, ~* 3276C25 WATE A RR A LE. 7132 BRE ZI YABB) C25 WAX — WG EE EFT Ab Heh ey 7132 Meee ie A1O AOE HE (4040 FF RU NE 1K), HE C25 ST INT 2 ESCRAY. RR, BELA A LIEB 4040 DAB AZ. WARE C25 M7132 HAE 1K REWER AEE. M7132 Be ed tt Be Lh SRE PERSE 64K X L6bic S ABR RS ABR He, SEALE IE LA RY C25 9 XF BE — Pa fa BE Be It Pe BR ‘T A/D.D/A ARSON LE. SS RR LARC HEPRS SRW. RAPS ATER AGRE SH. 4A INTO HTT, BLE A/D AVR Es SBR INT] PRL. EE D/A She as 4 INT2 HBR. A/D fee eRe ADEE 7132 9 — eB aE FF RAE EE RO BUR D/A SRE RULE SRE ERE Pt — EE i SC DH A Sh Fe A 7132 2 SHE SE a 1B ME CBF 2K INT2 Wi. RERAGSORHE RINLR—-TOSTRRHS F TMS320C25 MSR. + 128°Mist Baum-Welch BRP RHAR HES Baum-Welch $k 2(iit HMM SRM BRAK. RAB Efi (reestimationNN SALE ESRB AMM EGOS Er FD SE aN ZETA PER PE A Baum-Welch WATE POAMHES. HH AHBECARUH BM. Rash Si BK HMM Ae HMM RAH ERA, — Baker 3 i=l S, PERM i= 1S, PERE 4, BY Dat 20, MA, ARR EH PH: De “ @ é Y nS =D md >> int 7 dum a; = sum (uelnv, — une] GQ) i HALE RAIEM 1 BIS, a2 UA om QAD = st. VP cO.S/MPO.S/D PODS, SEPA REA A= Or, A,B) ORD A= Cr, A, B).O HUA AMRF .O=0, 015+ Or.S BRERE PA S=qigae qr AS sf BAH FH ee MR QA,D2QQA), BS PO/MEPO/D, REBRT RARH BB. MQ A KARP 1,8 QU, DAMA BS RR RIE QA D2QQ. +129A) AIT PCO/A)S P(O/A) IX PE, BS Bl A A A ERR HK FAO FARRER ABT. HERR THE. BAK APC BU EAT A 8 BAR SR RF AO ARE A A RT AE QO ADRKHRE ASHHARRKZ AEA. HA A SHAM BRAM. BACAMRABALAA EB ILE RA HMM BGAAZ H, scat Na SA AA MR > 06 =A Ne #3)n = RR Fiz) = Sele, (3) HE RAA® a =e @ Be =, 8% HMM wma Be InPCO,s/D = lax, + Slog it Sins, ©) 6) ROA x oN au cn QAD = DY) Vestna, + S) Mdalnba + Dednz, 6) sohbet = Tes ra fe w= VEGA MD . d= 4 (8) a0,-¥, e = &G) >) WEG. PMd-3ORE X.2G)H 1-39. RIAA KL EDA ORM BBR HMM AL (1-40), (1-41), (1-42) 8 BTA =. eS HMM WRAY 330A HMM aoe eA BB Bi (2-3) RT A» BL + 180°,k 6X) = Seuba(X) = DeuN(Xtar Ze) do) EEN Xi ZH RE BR HERE yw TRERA SAF 7A eit Si HMM Ae Bok ER cn, A THE RAR. WH aad = Sy PSSM POs. KM aD Foe POM RH K AKTH ROA r P(O,S,K/a) = TY ag, bes, (Odea, a2) int ta InP(O,S,.K/A) =Inx,, + yl Aa + Sab, OD + Sine, 13) 1 At . QA,A = QA) + ye, say) + > Se, Osbu) + + Dean (14) aH QF) = yr = 6,,K/0,A)Inz, 5) Q,, Asay) = SUP = 85401 = 9,,.K/0,A) Ina, a6) r Q,A50 = LPG = Ok = k/0,)In 50.) AD Kor Q.,Aseu) = 3) DIP a = Gk, = 4/0,A)In Cy (18) a1 1 SPR IAL OQ, Anca) Qs, sb) BiB BGO.) AE BBA (2-5), 2-OM2DRF REAR, Rene HMM PRES hoe ta 307.27 +131SRA IMM (Re AOE BH (2-31 AFAR BE 6(X) = Cn) *exp| Foray | ig) SOP.K WA Ko, HE 6, 4 LPC BRO ROMRORMA of AX HARKER WE O(X34;) = R.COR0) + 2k OR (20) TEBE SHSM a, HHA AHR R HERAR ROG WES HMM BARES A ¥ 20,5) = SP O.q = 6,/a)In 510.) (21) a BKK OAS) SAF RMR: t DP Org, = 8,/2)8(0,:4,) a t ’ = SPO.a = &/aLR.IRO) + 2 RGRAY) (22) a mt EP RO8 O, HARKER ROW a WAM, bt t-PA RCL )PO.g. = 8,/0R,(0) | * r +2 ROLY PO. = &/MRO] 28(O} 52;) (23) RHO} HR KA BKRBS RW = SPO, = 6/ORG) (24) BZ, LPC 4TH BME O00; 10, 8 Oh-F HB SEE ROR LPC Aika, WARE, MMH ARB ROM HEARMCORHR, © 132°sax HOH RAR, RAW. 1B Markov RAS RAT — MRI. F He HK .1991,17(1) 56~62 . BEY. REL SH AMMA. RLS ie). WR: RBA »1989 HABE RARE SSS ORS SRE. WE fab AE, SLC Ee Hy Bia, 1983 ORE. MP A. UL pL KA BEAL, 1992 FL RRR. VERE BDH. EER 1982.70) .8~13 EPR ME AER Y. RL ARERNSRRRA. 1 OLE JRA SHA 93 SRM ICI 1993.247~258 EER. AREA AA HMM BUR THED ie a Sa HH + (BA, 1993,9(4) 31~35 lo 11 12 13- 4 15 16 Ww SEE, ASE AED. AKL, MB Se a 38. BF ,1993,21(1)1~7 RED MAS, ER. BF KL SHPAHRRRMBR. RTE #2, 1993,2104).1~6 ROR BAS ALK. ROSNY S— MOS RAM PRM. pL KEE, 1993,21(6) 1 ~5 Rik. SF HMM HUBBFSEPRMRAMCRMAR: Let WOOT. ALAC PRYDE A BHHE BF 1992 ER. WICH Ga. ALI aT Sa EEG. 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