Term paper of business environment

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mr. K.N. Chaudhary Manjit paul
Rollno.a23
Reg.no.10902965

CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Cigarettes should be banned or not?
 Why people smoke?
 hazardous effects of smoking
 cigarette sales in India
 Usage of tobacco in cigarettes
 Deaths due to Tobacco in India
 Controls taken by Indian government
 Controls need to be taken?
 Conclusion
 references
 Introduction
The topic is all around discussing the issue of whether cigarettes should
be banned completely in society or not. so I have done a thorough study
on cigarettes, its components, it harmful effect, why people use it,
growth of cigarette production in India, measures taken by
government,and measures need to be taken.
Cigarettes should be banned or not?
Do you know what's in a cigarette?
 Would you inhale carbon monoxide?
 Expose yourself to polonium-210?
 Ingest hydrogen cyanide?
 Is it OK to market a product that contains these deadly chemicals
to our children?

Cigarettes are much more than tobacco rolled in paper. There are over
4,000 chemicals in a single puff of cigarette smoke, and at least 69 of
them are known to cause cancer. Every time someone takes a puff they
are exposed to carbon monoxide, polonium-210, hydrogen cyanide and
thousands of other chemicals, including
Cigarette is mainly comprises of nicotine, tar, carbon mono oxide, benzener,
hydrozen cynide, ammonia, acetone etc. which at all has no benefit to health.

Component Function
Nicotine This is the addictive
component of cigarettes
Tar This is also used to create
road surfaces
Carbon monoxide - The same gas as created by
your car exhaust
Benzene Also in petrol fumes
Acetone A paint stripper
Formaldehyde Embalming fluid
Hydrogen Cyanide A poison used in gas
chambers
Why people smoke?
There is very foolish thinking about it as people think it as fun, type
of reward; think that though this concentration become consistent,
pleasure, trouble remover, a status indicator etc. these all are
reasons created by cigarette manufacturer to sell his product other
wise there is no case till found that proves it .so some of the wron
facts about the cigarette are as follow:

Smoking is Fun
People took cigarette as fun to get excuse from their busy working
schedule. They feel that cigarettes give then psychological
pleasure. They feel free after using it.
Smoking is Oral Pleasure
As we have said, to explain the pleasure derived from smoking as
taste experience alone, is not sufficient. For one thing, such an
explanation leaves out the powerful erotic sensitivity of the oral
zone. Oral pleasure is just as fundamental as sexuality and hunger.
It functions with full strength from earliest childhood. There is a
direct connection between thumb sucking and smoking. "In school I
always used to chew a pencil or a pen," said a journalist, in reply to
our questions. "You should have seen the collection I had. They used
to be chewed to bits. Whenever I try to stop smoking for a while, I
get something to chew on, either a pipe or a menthol cigarette. You
just stick it in your mouth and keep on sucking. And I also chew a
lot of gum when I want to cut down on smoking...."The satisfied
expression on a smoker's face when he inhales the smoke is ample
proof of his sensuous thrill. The immense power of the yearning for
a cigarette, especially after an enforced abstinence, is
acknowledged by habitual smokers. One of our respondents said:
"When you don't get a cigarette for a long time and you are kind of
on pins, the first drag goes right down to your heels."
"With a Cigarette I Am Not Alone"
Frequently, our respondents remarked that smoking cigarettes is
like being with a friend. Said one, "When I lean back and light my
cigarette and see the glow in the dark, I am not alone any more...."
 In one sense, a cigarette seems to be something alive. so its image
has been created like that cigarette is your friend and people start
feeling it.
Cigarettes Help Us to Relax
One shortcoming of our modern culture is the universal lack of
adequate relaxation. Many of us not only do not know how to relax,
but do not take time to learn. Smoking helps us to relax because,
like music, it is rhythmic. Smoking gives us a legitimate excuse to
linger a little longer after meals, to stop work for a few minutes, to
sit at home without doing anything that requires effort.

Hazardous effects of smoking:

Rather than finding any positive effect people only come in
following hazardous problems:
 Lung cancer: Cigarettes result in lug cancer which leads to death
of a person.
 Reduce life: Every cigarette takes five and a half minutes away
from the smoker.
 It also damaging the lives of people living around the smoker.
 If a chain smoker living with her spouse then there is high chance
of more than 30 % that the spouse can get lung cancer.
 Children living with their parents using cigarettes can also inhale
the fumes of cigarettes which is vary harmful for their health. More than
seventeen percent of lung cancer is only due to children living with
smoker parents.
 Minors attracted to cigarettes most by seeing their elders using
cigarettes and seeing their favorite celebrities or comic stars in movies
or ads using cigarettes.
 Nicotine, the primary psychoactive chemical in cigarettes, is
addictive. Cigarette use by pregnant women has also been shown to
cause birth defects (which include mental and physical disability).
 On average, each cigarette smoked shortens lifespan by 11
minutes and smokers who die of tobacco-related disease lose, on
average, 14 years of life.
 Immediate effects of second hand smoke: 53,000 people die from
the effects of second hand smoke if u use 2nd hand smoke by chance then
be aware u may caught in following problems:
• headache
• coughing
• eye irritation
• sore throat
• sneezing
• runny nose
• breathing problems
• feeling sick
• irregular heartbeat

CIGARETTE SALES IN INDIA: India's share in world cigarette

production has remained at around 1.7% whereas India's exports of
around 2.8 billion sticks of cigarette per year counts for less than 1% of
the world export of cigarette.

Cigarette industry in India is essentially capital intensive in nature. The

growth of cigarette industry both in domestic and international market
represents a big revenue opportunity for the economy. But the burden of
Tobacco tax has increasingly shifted to cigarette with the removal of
duty on raw Tobacco since 1979, resulting in discriminatory rates of duty
compared to other Tobacco products.

Cigarette sales has been increased from 76.8% to 95.5% from 1987-88 to
1995-96.and excise duty also increased from 1470.8 to 3572
respectively .sales force was increasing from 76.8% in 1987-88 to 86.1% in
1990-91 and then it was decreasing 1994 to 78.8% which is a good sign
but then it again start rising. As we seen the %age increase in sales
according to that excise duty must be higher than govt. applied because
this is a big concern for government that the sale is higher. It means that
people are got addicted to smoking which will result in more diseases
 and create un healthy environment which is a big concern for the
developing country like India.

Cigarette Excise Duty on

Year
Sales & Cigarettes (Rs.Cr)
1987-88 76.8 1470.8
1988-89 80.3 1599.1
1989-90 83.5 1924.8
1990-91 86.1 2084.4
1991-92 85.7 2387.1
1992-93 80.8 2767.7
1993-94 78.8 2741.0
1994-95 84.4 3074.8
1995-96 95.5 3572.3
Usage of tobacco in cigarettes: tobacco provides employment to
large number of people on the one hand. On the other hand, it makes
significant contribution to National Exchequer by way of excise revenue
and foreign exchange earnings. Tobacco being a labour intensive crop
provides employment to more than 60 lakhs people who are engaged in
the farming curing, redrying, packaging, grading, manufacturing
distribution, export and retailing activities. Tobacco Industry in India
contributes in a unique manner to several important facets of the Indian
Economy, covering revenue, export, employment, and GDP growth. The
Tobacco industry in India mainly covers manufacturing of cigarette,
bidi, cigar and cheroot, hookah, snuff and other chewing Tobacco like
zarda, gutkha and other pan masala.cigarette is mainly second highly
used form of tobacco in India.

Year Cigarettes (%age)

1951-52 21
1961-62 44
1971-72 71
1981-82 86
1994-95 80
As we know that tobacco is used highly in cigarettes as this is the main
component of tobacco. from 1951-52 to 1994-95, tobacco usage
increased highly that is from 21% to 80%.it means that people are
addicted highly to cigarettes and government is also no taking strong
steps against cigarette consumption or the measures taken by it are
going to be failed due to which tobacco usage is increased rather than
decreased.

The other major fact about tobacco usage is that there are 29.4% male
and 16.2% female household users above 15 year age in cigarettes in
1998-99 year data.

Deaths due to Tobacco in India

Information on mortality rates associated with tobacco use in India is
available from three cohort studies. The age adjusted relative risk of
mortality due to tobacco use and the prevalence of tobacco use, applied to
overall mortality of the country, suggested that at least 630,000 persons
died in 1986 due to tobacco use16. Median risks as observed from these
cohort studies, and the prevalence of tobacco
use as found in the first nationwide survey of National Sample Survey
Organization14, when applied to the 1996 population, showed that about
800,000 persons in India died due to their tobacco habit in 1996.Recent
studies indicate that the risk of death due to tobacco use may in fact be
more than that identified earlier.

Controls taken by Indian government:

Although government has not banned the cigarettes but it
has taken several steps so that people will not prefer it.
Initiatives taken by government from 1970-2004:
  1975: The Cigarettes Act 1975 made a statutory health warning
mandatory on all cigarette packets.
  1980: The central and several state governments imposed
restrictions on tobacco trade and initiated efforts for comprehensive
legislation for tobacco control.
 1990: The Central government issued a directive for prohibiting
smoking in public places, banned tobacco advertising on national radio
and TV and made display of statutory health warnings on chewing tobacco
products mandatory.
 1991: The Central government directed the Central Board of Film
Certificate to comply with the Cinematography Act 1952.
 1995: The Parliamentary Committee on Subordinate Legislation
examined the existing Cigarette Act and made specific suggestions for
stronger provisions. An
Expert Committee on the economics of tobacco use
was constituted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. A
coordination committee was formed by the Central Government to
consider recommendations.
  1999: Ministry of Railways banned sale of cigarettes and bidis
on railway platforms and inside trains.
  2000: Central Government banned tobacco advertisements on
cable TV.
  2001: Ministry of Railways imposed ban on sale of gutka at
railway stations, concourses, and reservation centers and inside trains.
The National Commission on Human Rights at the S.E. Asia regional
consultation meeting, advocated for tobacco control as an essential
measure to protect human rights
  2001-03: The states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh,
Maharashtra , Bihar, Goa and Madhya Pradesh banned the production
and sale of gutka and pan masala under the Prevention of Food
Adulteration Act.

 Year 2003 onwards, India has played a pro-active role on the

tobacco control front. It played a leading role in the several rounds of
negotiations of Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), as
Regional Coordinator of South-east Asian countries, advocating actively
for this international treaty on tobacco control. It was among the first 8
countries to ratify the FCTC treaty on 5 February 2004.
 in 2003, The Central Government passed the Cigarettes and
Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) applicable to all tobacco products. It
has also taken steps to notify the law at the central and state levels.
Main components of the Proposed National Tobacco Control
Programme (NTCP):
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched the pilot phase of the
National Tobacco Control Programme in 2007-08 in 9 states of the country
covering 18 districts.
In 2008, it has been up scaled to 42 districts across 21 states. The main
components of the NTCP are:
 Setting up of State Tobacco Control Cells
 District tobacco control programme:
 Training and capacity building of enforcement officials
 Monitoring and implementation of tobacco control laws
 Launching media campaign
 School health and awareness programmes
 National level mass awareness campaigns
 Establishment of tobacco product testing labs
 Research and training
 Monitoring and evaluation, including Adult Tobacco Survey (ATS)
 Setting up of National Regulatory Authority (NRA)
 In 2008, Section 4 of the COTPA specifying the smoke free rules
came into effect, prohibiting smoking in all public and work places
from October 2, 2008. As a
Result, public places like offices, airports, hospitals, shopping
malls, cinema halls, banks, hotels, restaurants and bars, public
transports, educational institutions and libraries are
Now smoke free across India. This act also stipulates that:
 There should be a visible board at every entrance and every
floor of a public place that “No Smoking Area- Smoking is an
Offence”.
 Any hotel or restaurant having seating capacity of 30 or more
shall have physically segregated smoking and non-smoking areas.
  The penalty for violations is a fine of up to Rs 200/
 Pack warnings: Pictorial warnings on all tobacco products as
specified under Section 7,8, 9 of the COTPA have become
mandatory from 31 May 2009. On May 6, 2009, the
Supreme Court issued an order that pictorial health warnings will
be implemented on all tobacco products. Since Feb 1, 2007 till
date, pictorial warnings in India have been diluted thrice and
 delayed over half a dozen times. Strong, effective, evidence-
based warnings notified but government on Sep 29, 2007 were
rejected via a GOM decision and substituted by a set of three
images that are softer and un-tested. It remains to be seen how
effective pack warnings will prove to be in India. On the whole,
pack warnings on tobacco packages will enable the public,
including the less literate and vulnerable, like women and children
to be informed of the hazards of tobacco use.

Other important measures initiated by the government on alternate

cropping and livelihoods:
As part of the Indian government’s commitment to tobacco control, key
initiatives are as under:
 Inter-ministerial Task Force: A national level inter-ministerial task
force has been set up with stakeholder ministries and representatives from
other states and civil Society.
 Steering and Monitoring Committees at national and state
levels: A Steering Committee has been formed under the chairmanship of
Secretary (Health) to look into specific instances of violation of Section 5 at
national level. Monitoring Committees have also been formed at state
level.
 Tobacco Product Regulation: Five regional laboratories for tobacco
product testing and one apex lab for research and validation have been
identified.

 Alternate Livelihoods: The Ministry of Labour has launched a pilot
programme for skill-based vocational training of bidi workers in locations
such as Bangalore,
Kengeri, Nagpur, Ajmer, Solapur, Murshidabad, Kolkata, Karimnagar,
Hyderabad,Indore, Jabalpur,Kota, Bundi, Tonk, Beawar, Karauli and
Nasirabad. Grassroot level nterventions to sensitize women and minors
engaged in bidi-making in addition to training on alternative vocations has
been initiated in seven states – Maharashtra,Orissa, West Bengal, Bihar,
Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat.

Controls need to be taken?

Proper ban on cigarette, as it has no any good effect. It is same as poison
so. If poison is prohibited then why government not banning it. Anything
which has no any positive effect need to be banned for the healthier
people and environment. As mortality rate is increasing only due to
cigarette consumption which is very big concern for India’s growth.

 Banning cigarette campaign should be started which will provoke

people and aware them about the ill effect of cigarettes.
 Special campaign must be started in schools, offices, villages,
which will aware people about cigarettes hazardous effects.
 Alternate cropping should be encouraged between farmers who
cultivate tobacco which is highly used in cigarettes.
 Other methods of employment should be generated so that
skilled laborers in cigarette making and tobacco cultivating can be
applied to other jobs. so that the gap of unemployment that will be
generated after banning can be fulfilled.
 Special counseling of patients should be done frequently so that
they can’t be moved easily to smoking cigarettes.

CONCLUSION
all in all I only want to tell that cigarette is very poisonous to our health
and we must ban it as it will erode the development of our country by
making our generation and environment unhealthy.so government should
ban it directly rather than imposing indirect measures of stopping its
consumption and they should not think about the revenue it earns from
the cigarette selling but only consider the prosperous and healthy future
of its people ahich is of utmost important.

REFERENCES
 http://ibnlive.in.com/news/grave-pictoral-
warnings-on-cigarette-packs-watered-down/104438-
3.html
 http://dacnet.nic.in/tobacco/handbook/intro.htm
 http://www.whoindia.org/LinkFiles/Tobacco_Free_Initia
tive_Executive_Summary.pdf
 http://mohfw.nic.in/pg204to219.pdf
 http://rctfi.org/Parliamentarian
%20Factsheets/Factsheet%20TOBACCO%20CONTROL
%20IN%20INDIA.pdf
http://smokingsides.com/docs/whysmoke.html
http://dacnet.nic.in/tobacco/handbook/chart5.gif