The Grand Design by Stephen Hawking

Model dependent realism

Inanimate life
• How? - Determined, from the big bang to present state earth
- Undetermined, the universe before big bang? Black holes?
Dark matter?

• Why? - Undetermined, why big bang? what caused big bang?

Animate life
• How? - Determined in parts, from single cell to homo sapiens
- Undetermined, how single cell-ed life came into being?

• Why? - Undetermined, Origin of life? Need to procreate?

‘How’ has a sense of wonder, amazement, child-like curiosity.

Why is imbued in objective reason, philosophical enquiry, anthropological interest.

Both are important and defining pursuits of human endeavour. The ‘how’ is often
painted by the artist, while the why is the paint of the scientist.

Sometimes, the celebrated ‘Why’ question is just a subset of the How question,
imparting a sense of consciousness to the questioned and a feel of intellectual’ to the
questioner.