.

rv-

\
t,SL\

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
A HAND BOOK OF GREEK
DERIVATIVES
For
the Greek-less Classes of Schools

and for

Students of Science

HENRY

Wi AUDEN, M.A.

PRINCIPAL OF UPPER CANADA COLLEGE, TORONTO; LATE SIXTH FORM MASTER OF FETTES COLLEGE, EDINBUKGH; FORMERLY SCHOLAR OF CHRIST'S

COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE; AND BELL UNIVERSITY SCHOLAR

A.

E.

TAYLOR, M.A.

ASSISTANT MASTER AT UPPER CANADA COLLEGE, TORONTO

TORONTO

MORANG &

CO., 1906

LIMITED

COPYRIGHT BY

MORANG

&

CO.,
1906.

LIMITED,

COPYRIGHT

IN

GREAT

BRITAIN.

PREFACE
THE
Greek Greek
educated
at

man must know some

Greek.

What-

ever his training .has been, he usually does

scientific

know some

middle age, i.e. he can understand and derive words fairly correctly, but his knowledge

has often been reached by circuitous and toilsome paths. This little book is an attempt to give this knowledge in
a more systematic and well-ordered fashion, and thus save trouble and an unnecessary tax on the memory.
It is easier to have some system for the explanation of such words as dacryocystoblennorrliagia or cryptogenetic actinomycosis than to rely merely on the memory. Greek
is

international language of science, and we are nowadays all of us scientific a few hours spent in

the

acquiring a well-ordered elementary knowledge at the start are amply repaid.

It is just

possible, too, that this

knowledge, though

elementary, might lead some to take a further interest in the Greek language because it is the most

very

it

perfect of languages, and in Greek literature because contains the thoughts of the greatest thinkers in the

world, and so realize the claims of Greek to a place in any scheme of true education. If there be one such
convert,

profess to be exhaustive, or to deal with every Greek derivative, but the intelligent user will

we shall be The book does not

content.

iv

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

not, to

we think, go astray. We are, of course, indebted German predecessors, notably Dr. Hemme and Dr.
whose
little

Flaischel,

books are the most successful

this subject.

of the

many German books on

In Geras
out-

many no boy passes through a secondary school of any

sort without following a course of lined in this booklet, and where
tionally,

work such

is

Germany

leads, educa-

we may

usually follow with advantage.

HENRY
ALLAN
TORONTO,
1906.

W. AUDEN.
E.

TAYLOR.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
THE GREEKS AND THEIR LANGUAGE
Greeks, or the Hellenes as they called themwere a small nation inhabiting the southern part selves, of the Balkan peninsula, a mountainous country with
a large seaboard.

THE

The genius

instinct for beauty, its portion, raised them to

of the people, with its versatility, its keen sense of pro-

such a high degree of

civiliza-

tion, that in art, philosophy, literature, and all the higher spheres of thought, their influence on the world has sur-

passed that of any other nation. Greek literature is the fountain-head of all western literature the influence of Rome is only intermediate. Our tastes, our ideas, all
;

the hidden motives of modern thought, and art, all the moulds of our expression of thought in speech are in we are intellectually the the main of Greek origin Greek civdirect descendants of the ancient Greeks. ilization has made us what we are in thought and feel;

ing.

The

fact, too, that

the Greek language

more than

any other possesses flexibility, delicate precision, and the capability of expressing fine shades of meaning, has
caused
tific
it

to

become the

thought. Any Greeks, their genius, and their language makes intellec-

international language of scienknowledge that we can gain of the

tual life easier.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

THE GREEK ALPHABET

NOTES

The Consonants
with the spirant
<r, j.

are divided into

("i)

mutes, (2) liquids and nasals,

Hard
Surd or guttural,
K

Soft

Sonant Aspirate

y
/3

x
<j>

Labial or lip-sounds, TT {Palatal or teeth-sounds, T Dentals

6
s.

LIQUIDS,

X, p.

NASALS,
s is

p,

v.

SPIRANT, a,

Of the two
else.

signs for Sigma,

{e.g.

In early Greek

inscriptions), the sign p

used at the end of a word, a everywhere was used for the sound

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
of

This sound gradually this is called Digamma, i.e. Double-gamma. ; disappeared, especially at the beginning of a word, e.g. ptpyov, later epyov (ergon), -work. Note the different order of the letters compared with the
English alphabet, also the peculiar form of certain
letters, e.g.

H = e,

= r.

were used, and are still used, in Mathematics and Physics to designate mathematical dimensions, e.g: of angles ; by the ancient Greeks for numbers ; in Astronomy to indicate the various stars in a constellation. A, hence Delta in Geography ; X, x> because of its cross-

The Greek

letters

like form,

produces such words as Chiasmus, Chiasolith

"

y produces the

gamine, gamut," g being the lowest letter in the old musical In Medicine the various kinds of aphasia have been scale, abcdefg.

French

la

named according to
Sigmatism.
letter)

the badly pronounced sound Lambdacism, Rhotacism, " " Not a is the smallest jot (iota, i.e. the smallest, because i
:

comes from Matthew v. 18. Alpha and Omega, i.e. the beginning and the ending, from Rev. xxii. 13, "I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the ending." (In omega, omicron, epsilon, upsilon, mega denotes large, micron small, psilon bare.)

PRONUNCIATION
p at the beginning of a word is almost without exception represented by rh, but has the sound of r; e.g.
1.

rheuma-, rhythm
short
cata-rrh.
2.

in

combinations r

is
;

doubled after a
e.g.

vowel and represented by

rrli

dia-rrhcea,

The Greeks made a very marked

e

distinction be-

tween

and d\ in English e and $ are long e, when the accent falls on them e.g. Gr. TJitodoros, but Eng. Theodore ; on the contrary, Greek e and d are short when the accent does not fall on them e.g. Gr. elektron,

and

Eng.
3.

ettktron.

The

letter

7>

7 (gamma) has the sound of n before Thus a77eAo? messenger, angel ; 1,(f>iyj;,
at,

Sphinx.
Diphthongs.
at
(aither),
is

represented by

ce,

4
e (ether);
,

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
ei (Aristeides),
ce,

by
et

(Aristides);

01,

oi

(Phoibos), by

by eu or ev (euangeIn all lion, Evangelist); ov (Ouranos) by u (Uranus). other combinations each vowel is to be pronounced
^(Phoebus);
separately
;

e.g.

aijp

aer

(air),

te/ocfe

hieros (holy,

cf.

hierophanf).

The
q>8r/,

iota subscription ("written underneath"), e.g. does not affect the sound of the vowel, therefore

it

need not be taken into consideration

This iota
is

at all

e.g. wBij

=
;

ode.

"AtS/;?

written after (not under) capital letters

Hades.
soft or the

Breathings.

have either the

ingly
'

All vowels at the beginning of words hard breathing and are accordeither the soft breathing (spirit us
").

marked with
"),

lenis} ("

or hard breathing (spiritus asper) ("'

;

The

last

corresponds to our letter h

e/ow?

e.g.

Hector ;

eras (love);

^//>&>9

= hcros
;

"Efcrwp

(hero).

breathing prjrcop = rhetor (orator) "T'jr^p{(av= Hyperion. The Accents (acute "'/' grave " \" and circumflex
:

Every word beginning with p or v has the rough

")

were

first

written about 200 B.C.

The

acute accent can stand on any one of the last

three syllables.

The grave can stand on the last syllable only. The circumflex can stand on one of the last two syllables. Some small words have no accent, or lose them when incorporated into a sentence.
For our purpose accents are
cause
of small

importance be-

generally follow the Latin accentuation. to this, words of two syllables are always According accentuated on the first syllable, while in words of three

we now

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
or

more syllables the accent of the last syllable but one.

//>'//#.$;

is

Thus

determined by the quantity in Latin, Greek Hellas

;

becomes

Achilleus becomes Achilles

',

Sokrdtes,

Socrates ; Urdnds, Uranus ; Alexandras Alexander.

In

the majority of cases the English accent has been adopted where the Greek word has already been incorporated into the English language. Especially is this the case

same time there has been a displacement of accent, and more particularly when the last syllable has been dropped. In many cases the French form occurs.
if

at the

Instances

WRITING EXERCISES
FOR PRACTICE IN WRITING, COPY OUT IN GREEK
(#)

Words which

transliterate exactly

climax (c
analysis
(

K) u)

martyr

lychnis

y=

canon
psalter (ps basis

calyx

character

= ^)

hypothesis (/*=')

panther colon

apocrypha

panorama
criterion

comma
idea
(<

dogma
metropolis

haemorrhage

at)

ode

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
orchestra
crater

acme
hydrophobia
diphtheria

asthma
acropolis
paralysis

phlox
genesis
crisis

polypus (u

ov)

pathos

() Words
nymph
arithmetic
(V)

to which

rj

is

to

be added
(

music

= ov)

physic

mathematic
to

Words

which

os is to

be added
dialect
parallel

method
hyacinth

synod
=.

caustic

angel (ng

77)

myth monarch

period

rhythm

psalm mechanic

graphic
dactyl

hymn
(cf)

presbyter

Add

ov

organ
(e)

symbol

Add

175

(names of men)
patriSt
aristocrat

prophet
despot

anarchist
idi5t
to.

gymnast

democrat
their final syllable to

(/) Words which change

harmony
phantasy
theology
(g)

dynasty

geography
orthography

sponge

anarchy

agony

academy

geometry

polygamy

Words changing

final syllable to os

chor-us
cycl-e

apost-le (o\os)

crocodil-e

thron-e
technic-al

sycamor-e
polyanth-us

catalog-ue
cylind-er (pos)

pedag5g-ue
to ov

(<?

ai)

Change
gymnasi-um
theatr-e
(z)

plast-er (pov)

bibl-e

toi'

electr-um
to various terminations

Words changing

pyramid
system

diadem
syntax

magnet
architect

dose

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
FOR PRACTICE IN READING

Some Greek
piffTov ptv
iD0t

proverbs

PINDAR. vdup (ariston men hydor) Water is best. ffeavrbv (gnothi seauton) Inscription on the thyself.

Know

Temple

of Apollo at Delphi.
'

els

Ad^vas (glauka
all coins.

eis

Athenas) Owls

coals to Newcastle."

The owl was

to Athens, i.e. "to carry the symbol of Athens, and was

stamped on

Said to have been spoken by Archi(heureka) I have found it. medes when he discovered the law of specific gravity.
TO.

Koiva. TO, rCiv <f)i\uv (koina ta ton philon)

Ka\d (chalepa ta kala) 7 he beautiful is hard. All things are common among
iravrds (he arche

friends.

'H dpxy

fi/J.tffi'

hemisy pantos) The beginning

learning.

is

half the

whole.

ARISTOTLE.
is

HaO-fi/MTa

"A
"Ei/

/j.a6r)fj,ara Suffering burnt child dreads the

Ger. Leiden (sind} Lehren.

fire."

Tofoy

Conquer in this (sign of the cross). Lat. in hoc signo Inscription on the cross which appeared to Emperor Constantine before his campaign against Maxentius.
vlKa.

vinces.

AtJirijs la,Tp6$ iffriv

dvOpuTrois A6yos Speech

their woes.
is

An

iambic

line.

is to mankind the physician of The iambic metre (iambus = ^ )

that

used by the Greek tragedians Aeschylus, Sophocles,

and

Euripides.
Cf. also

page 168.

THE MORE IMPORTANT SOUND LAWS

cially a,

Gradation of Vowel (ablaut), i.e. change of vowel (espee, 0) in words of the same stem (cf. English
drink, drank, drunk, etc.); e.g. Xeyo> say, o-reXXco send, o-ro'Xo? tJiat which is sent (cf.
sy-stole} ; $>epw to bear, fjLTa<f>opd
to place, 0e<ris

steal, stole;

^0709 word ;
apo-stle
ence,

and

metap/wr; root the

a transfera setting, BtjKf) a

e.g.

store place.

Compensation for elided consonants

oSoir? be-

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

comes oSovs tooth. The letter n and the dentals are dropped before s. Syncope, the pushing out of an unaccented vowel e.g. TraTrjp father, Gen. -rrarpos not Trare/oo?.
;

Metathesis,

transposition
cf.

thing' thrown, for /3eX/-ia

lem,

but

ballistic ;

of letters e.g. ft\rjfj,a a from /3aXXa> / throw cf. probEng. frith and firth, gert and
; ;

great.
Synaeresis, contraction of two vowels within a word into one long vowel e.g. HoaeiSdajv to -a>v Poseidon.
;

Crasis, the union of the final

the

initial

vowel of one word with vowel of the next so as to form one sound
;

TO avro

ravTo the same.

first consonant to the second. consonants assimilate to aspirated, hard to Aspirated

Assimilation of the

hard, soft to soft.

(1)

Thus

Before dentals, only the following combinations chtk, kt, get; phth, pt, bd; e.g. root leg say, added to termination -tos gives Xe/cro? cf SmXe/rro? (-Tr/oaft?,
occur
: ;
.

Trpdjfjia

(2)

from the stem Trpay- cf practical, pragmatic}. Before m, k and ch become g; e.g. stalagmite,
;
.

but
e.g.

stalactite.

The

labials

TT, /3,

</>,

/,

b,

ph,

become

gives ^pdpiia KOTT- cut gives Kappa that which

ypa(j>-

stem

line for
is

jpa^-^a; stem cut (later = a short

clause} for icoTr^a.

(3)
is

Before an aspirated consonant an aspirated one

;

placed
so th

e.g.

diphthong, diphtheria (t

may
;

not follow

p/i,

must be
11

(4)

The

used). of trvv with melts into / or s

e.g.

syllo-

gism, system, and before a labial becomes

eg. symbol,

symptom.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
(5)

(rough breathing)/, k, t always become e.g. <f>r)/jiep6s of one day from eV(t)7;/ze/oo9, KaOoXitcds universal from KaT(a*)o\itc6<t. The only consonants which occur at the end of words
Before
tJi
;

//

///, ch,

are

v, p,

<?

(including

i/r,

= ps,
NOTE

ks}; thus

Nom.

cr<w/ua,

orig.

aw par, Gen.
chief

trw/taro? body.

members of the Aryan Greek belongs, are shown below

:

The

or

Indo-Germanic

family, to

which

.__
Indian
(Sanskrit,

__ __
Celtic
(Gaelic, Irish,

ARYAN (

__
"Greek

__
Slavonic and

Latin

Germanic

Lithuanian
(Russian, etc.)

Zend,

etc.)

Welsh,

etc.)

Romance
Languages

German,
English, etc.

These

six

members

of the family

may be regarded

as dialects of

one

The degrees of nearness vary, owing to the fact that, as great language. the nations separated, the differences grew greater. The usual view of the
Aryan problem
life,
is

briefly this

When we

find a great

number

of words,

especially such as denote family relations

common

to

and the usual features of home a number of languages, under slightly different forms, we

can find no satisfactory explanation of the fact unless we suppose that the nations speaking those languages sprang from a common stock. All the
great nations of Europe, as well as the Persians and Hindus, are probably descended from one stock, called the Aryan race, which dwelt in Asia, north of the Himalayas, or, according to others, in the-north of Europe,

and which sent out tribe after tribe of settlers, into Hindostan and Persia The Hindus, who settled in northern first, and afterward into Europe. The Celts were the India, and the Persians were the earliest offshoots. first Aryans who crossed into Europe, travelling westward and settling in Later, the Greek and Latin Italy, Spain, Gaul, and the British Isles. tribes crossed into Europe together, and after journeying and dwelling together for a considerable time, finally settled in the Greek and Italian peninsulas respectively, driving out or conquering the Celts who had

The Teutons settled in the north and west of already settled there. Europe, and in the Scandinavian peninsula.

10

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Substitution of Sounds.

correspond

to

Greek word-stems frequently English stems, though often with an

altered meaning.

The English accent

has,

however,

gone through regular changes, especially with respect These changes (someto the Mutes and Aspirates. times called Grimm's law) may be thus summarized
:

If

we

divide

the

Aryan (Indo-European) languages

into

Classical

(Sanskrit, Greek,
lish),

and Latin), and High German, we

all

Low German

find generally that

(Gothic, Scandinavian, where the same

Engword

occurs in
(1)

A A

these languages, sonant in the Classical languages corresponds to a surd in

to

Low

German, and
(2)

an aspirate

in

High German.

surd in the Classical languages corresponds to an aspirate in

to a sonant in

Low German, and to a sonant in High German. (3) An aspirate in the Classical languages corresponds Low German, and to a surd in High German.
The
readily
:

following

arrangement shows the order of interchange more

CLASSICAL

b,
:

p,

d,

t,

th

g, k, ch

Low GERMAN
The
table
:

p
:

k
ch
in the

HIGH GERMAN

f
LABIALS

th

following words exemplify the changes represented

above

CLASSICAL:

K.6.vva.$i*

Low

G.

hemp
Hanf-

irar^p father

^par-ftp

(clansman)

brother

HiGHG.:
CLASSICAL

Vater

pruoder (O.H.G.)

DENTALS
:

Low
HIGH

G.

ten
:

thatch (O.E. thak)

door
Thiir
(///

G.

zehn

dach

pronounced

GUTTURALS
CLASSICAL
:

"yivos

Low
HIGH

G.

kin
:

KapSla heart

G.

chunni (O.H.G.) Herz

goose kans (O.H.G.),

Ger. Cans.

Mod.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Similarly
:

II

rpets,

Eng.

three,

High G.

drei.

dvydrrjp, Eng. daughter (Scotch, dochter}, High G. tochter. /cXi/r6j {famoui), Old Eng. hltid (Eng. /#</).
Trotfs,

7ro56s,

<f>tpu,
Ttipfiri,

Eng. Eng. bear.

foot.

crowd, Eng. Thorp,

65ofa, 656j/Tos,

Eng.

tooth,

High G. dorf. High G. zahn.

dialect
is

Dialects.

The most important Greek

the

that spoken in Attica round Athens. distinguish an older and a more recent form.
Attic,
i.e.

In this In the

former are found,

e.g.,

forms like

y\a)(rcra beside the

New

7XwTra tongue (glossary, polyglot). To the older form belong the writings of ^Eschylus,
;

Attic

Sophocles, Euripides, Thucydides (about 400 B.C.); to the newer, Xenophon and Demosthenes between the two stands Plato. Herodotus, the "Father of History," wrote, about

older

Ionic

is

440 B.C., in the Ionic dialect. The the language of the Homeric poems

(900-700

B.C.).

ELEMENTARY ACCIDENCE
In Greek there are three genders, Substantives. masculine, feminine, neuter, indicated by the article o, 97, Nominative, Genitive, TO, the, and there are five cases
:

Dative, Accusative, and Vocative (the case of address, There are three e.g. tcvpie from icvpios Lord or Sir}. numbers Singular, Plural, and Dual the latter number, denoting two or a pair, was little used. There are three
:

declensions
(3) the

(i) the A-Declension, (2) the O-Declension,

;

Consonant Declension
y
TT)<

e.g. :

Sing.

Nom.
Gen.

oltcia

otVaa?

house o \dyos word TO veicrap nectar rov TOU \6yov

12

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Adjectives.

The
heavy
;

adjectives have three, two, or one

:

termination to denote gender

fiapela, (3apv

/caivos,

-rj,

-6v

new ;

fiapvs,

evyev^<f, evyeve; noble ; pa/cap happy,

peyas,

/jieydXrj,

yiteya

great

is

irregular.

The Comparao-o^coTaro?.

tive and Superlative are formed

by

addition of certain

terminations;
Irregularly

e.g.

crowds

wise,

ffofywrepos,

compared are ayaOds good,

;

apeivutv, apiaro?
;

best (aristocrat]

fteyas large,

small, fjLia)v(cf. mio-cene}, 0X1740-705

.

0X1705 pei&v, peyicrTos ?roXu5 muck, TrXeiW

;

(cf pliocene}, 7rXeto-ro5 (cf. pleisto-cene). From Trpd before we get TrpoTepos earlier, Trpwros earliest or first (cf. proto-

get e<r^aT05 and e^carepos outerNote va-repof later, last. For the adjectives most most. frequently occurring, see p. 25.

plasm)

from

out

we

Pronouns. eyo* /, e/ie me, <rv tliou, ere, <re thee ; for Other pronomithe third person ayro'5, Ace. avrdv self. nal adjectives are aXXo5 other, a\\r)\wv one another (ci.
:

irav all (cf far-allel), a/i<^o're/305 both ; Trds, Trdaa,

.

Pan-

theon), ere/305 other (cf heterogeneous}. The Greek verb, like the English, has three Verbs.

has three numbers: Singular, Dual (vide supra), Plural; three voices: Active, Passive, and Middle (with the reflexive sense e.g. Xouoyucu / wash mypersons, but
it
;

Present, Perfect, Future, Imperfect, self} Aorist (akin to Preterite), and Pluperfect four moods
: ; ;

six tenses

Indicative,

Imperative, Subjunctive, and Optative (the

;

mood

of wishing)

three Verbal
;

Nouns

Infinitives, Par-

ticiples,

Verbal Adjectives

named from
(u.

and lastly two conjugations, the termination of the First Person Present

Indicative Active,

namely

the

first in

&>,

the second in

No

auxiliary verbs are used in the formation of the

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
tenses.

13

The sign of the past is the augment consisting of the prefix e; the stem of the perfect is formed by
reduplication
;

e.g.

from the verb

TratSevetv to

bring up,

we have
,

Ind. Act. First Per. Sing. Pres. Trai&eva), Fut. or. eTraiSevo-a, Perf. TreTraiSevtca, Plup. eVe-

Pres. Mid.

and Pass.

TraiSevopai, Pres. Part.

Pass. Trai&evo/jievos.

Some well-known
write,

verbs are: First Conj.

ayco lead,

ap%(o begin, fiatva) go, (3d\\co throiv, fiidco live, jpd^co

live, e%co have, evpia-Kco find (Perf. evpijKa), move, K\iva) lean, Kpivw arrange, decide, KpvTrro) conceal, Xeyco say, \va) let go, unloose, navOdvw learn,

Kivea)

opdco see, Trda^a) suffer, Trveco breathe, Trpdrrco do, cr/eo7re'a> look upon, crreXXoo send, <7Tpe<j)(0 turn round, reivco stretch,
refjivw cut,

rpeirw turn, fyepw cany,

beget,
SI&W/JLI

fyofteo) frighten, <j>pd%(o

:

say,

<j)vw

tyevSa)

cJicat.

Second Conj.

Seifcvv/Ai
;

dpi be (Pres. Part. wz>, oi/ro9 cf. onto-logy], irjfjLi send, stem 77 (O^/^/M let down; catheter), UTT77/LU place, stem ara (stasis), TiOrjfju place, stem
foint out,
give,
Or]
fjiai

(thesis, theme),

<f>rjpi

say

(cf.

eu-phemism)

also Svva-

can, %prj

it is

necessary.
18, 19.

For Numerals, see pp.

FORMATION OF WORDS
A.
i.

DERIVATION OF ENGLISH WORDS FROM GREEK

Substantives.
:

Note

particularly

the

following

suffixes

(a) -asmos, -isinos,

sified

action, or theory or passion

Eng. -asm, -ism, indicating intenand often a perverted, one-sided course

;

e.g.

cn-thu-siasm

(fr.

t/ieos,

God)

14
"full of God."

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

formations; e.g. scepticism doubt, idealism striving after the ideal, grammaticism placing an inordinate value on grammar.

Many

are

new

() -tron, Eng. -tre, a tool or a means of working, also the place where the work is performed e.g. plektron a fret for striking the strings of a musical instrument, the;

atron a playhouse,

-ion, abstracts
;

e.g.

martyrion

wit-

or buildings, e.g. gymnasion ness, testimony for a cause a place for training the body, gymnasium or, finally, a
;

tra-pez-ion a small table, trapeze, bibl-ion -eion a booklet, book, elSv\\Lov a little picture, idyll, (eum), -oon (oum) e.g. mus-eion the seat of the muses,

diminutive

e.g.

baptistry, monasterion hermitage, cloister, monastery, criterion means of judging.

;

museum, hero-on the temple of heroes, an instrument, means e.g. baptisterion

a

-tenon place,

(c) -tra,

a place of action

e.g.

orchestra dancing place,

dosis

palaistra wrestling-place. (d} -tis, -sis, an abstract thing, a process;

gift,

e.g.

dose, skepsis doubt, praxis (from prak-sis) action, e.g. narkosis stupractice, -osis, especially of illnesses
;

por, state of insensibility, neurosis affection of nerves. -itis denotes inflammation e.g. bronchitis inflammation
;

of the bronchial tubes, epitypJilitis inflammation of the top of TO TV<f>\6v ( ca?cum the blind gut).

properly an adjective with the meaning of arising from, belonging to ; -ite, especially with reference to minerals e.g. pyrites flint from melas black we
(e) -itcs,
; ;

have melanite.
(/) Words ending in -ma, Gen. -matos, are mostly derived from verbs and indicate the action or the conse-

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
quence
of the action; e.g.
;

15

dog ma (from stem dok) opinthema (from stem the, place, lay down) ion, precept law, theme rheuma (from rheo) a river. Especially is to be noticed the designation of tumours and ulcers by forms in -oma ; e.g. carcinoma cancer, sarkoma a tumour, etc.
;

(<")

as Gen. -ados, -ad, with reference to numerals

i

(see p. 19); also with reference to feminine beings; e.g.

Naiads, Dryads.
(h) Similarly -id; e.g. Nere-id daughter of Nereus, Tantalid a descendant of Tantalus.

A considerable number of substan%ves is formed by adding non-Greek suffixes to Greek word-stems to these belong among others the terminations -an, -en, -in,- -on, -at in Chemistry. Other terminations appear to be suffixes and are mutilations of independent words whose original meaning has often been forgotten e.g. -yl from Jiyle wood, stuff, e.g. methyl ; -ol from Lat. oleum oil, e.g. phenol ; -al from Arabic alkoJiol, e.g. chloral*
; ;

2.

Adjectives.
:

Of

adjectival

endings

note

espe-

cially

(a) -inos, of origin, material, etc., occurs often sub-

stantively in the

new terminology
human.

e.g.

keratinos horny

(keratin}, antJiropinos

(b) -ios (-aios, -eios, -oios, -oos)

Lat. -ins having ref-

erence to or belonging to, very numerous forms, which are often used substantively e.g. uran-ios heavenly
;

* Chemical terminology is very unscientific and full of hybrid forms. Several words are formed on what may be called a " compressed formula" system, e.g. formaldehyde from alcohol dehydrogcnatum + formic acid (Lat.

formica an ant).

l6

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

(Urania the heavenly one); xcn-ios. hospitable (xenion a present); Jiesper-ios evening (Hesperia western or evening land). (c} -ikos and from verbal stems -tikos = Lat. -icus
adapted to, capable of; e.g. kyr-iakos belonging to the Lord (hence kirk church); phys-ikos belonging to nature (physicist, physics, physical}; prak-tikos clever in working, practical (practice);
pertaining
kaustikos combustible, burning (caustic}.
NOTES
1.

to, relative to,

-ikos

added

to

substantives in

-ma forms numerous

adjectives in

-matikos, -matic,

problematic, symptomatic, systematic. 2. The feminine termination -ike (supply tec/me art or episteme knowledge) often makes a noun (cf. English -ic} ; e.g. musike music, tactike tactics, arithmetike arithmetic.
e.g.

3.

The same
formations.

cal

nomenclature

occurs with the neuter -ikon, pi. -ika, especially in medi; e.g. narkotika soporifics, narcotics ; many of these are

new

(d}

-ides, -o-ides,
-aid,

English
larity
;

and -odes (from eidos form, likeness), and as a noun -o-id, -id, -d, express simi;

new formations e.g. io-ides a violet, hence iod-ine in Chemistry, sphcero-idic like a ball (spheroid}, cellulo-id ( Latin with a Greek teroften by analogy
like

mination), alkalo-id, and

B.

many more.
:

COMPOUND WORDS

THEIR FORMATION

Greek is a very plastic language. Compound words are easily formed, and this is perhaps the main reason why it has become the international language of science.

The
first

chief rule as to union of

part

is

joined to the

words is as follows The second in its stem form with:

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
out case-ending,

17

etc. A connecting vowel is sometimes between the two parts of the compound, viz. placed (1) a (only occasionally): e.g. oct-a-hcdron an eight:

sided figure, oct-a-gon having eight corners. (2) o (very frequently, especially when the second
part begins with a consonant) e.g. herm-o-glyphos sculptor (but herm-aphrodite)) pJiil-o -logos (but phil-anthropos\ mis-o-gynos (but mis-anthropos). Only in a few
;

cases

is

o not present

when two consonants

u
;

are joined

e.g. plios-pJioros light-bearer, pyr-pJioros fire-bearer

pyro-technic\

+ e = on,

(but with ergos the o melts into

urgos

e.g.

cheir-urgos (surgeon).
;

(3) i before an initial consonant is frequent e.g. arch-i-tekton (architect), but arch-iatros (Ger. Arzt physician) and arch-angehs archangel, by the side of arcJi-i-

episkopos archbishop.

Important Prefixes.

a privativum

(i.e.

a which denot, nega-

prives or negatives), before vowels av, tives the idea, anorganic inorganic,

= un-

and occurs

in

numerous combinations
a-neroid, am-brosia (cf.

a-sylum,

a-sbestos,

a-mnesty,

There is besides an a copulativum, expressing union and intensifying This last acolyte accompanying, from /ce'Xev^o? way.
list

of words).

use of a
ev

is

rare.

indicates

a condition

of

well-being

euayyeXiov
it

evangel = joyful

tidings (ofyyeXo? a messenger, angel}.

:

The

opposite of ev- is Svcrnot to be confounded with

dys-pepsia indigestion
twice.

is

St'<?

NOTE
The beginner
to confusion;
will

find that

some words apparently

similar give rise

note and distinguish:

8
at>

A MINIMUM OF GREEK =
un-, not and the preposition dvd up, upon.
;

(fdrf

song and 656j roaa

cf.

epode, but kathode, episode.

TTO\IJS

much and

ir6Xis

city ; polytechnic, polytheism,

but policlinic,

acropolis.
ffrevbs
re'Xos
icrip6s

narrow and

<rdvos strength

cf.

stenography, sthenometer.

aim, goal, tax, TTJ\ far;

philatelist, telegram.

wax and

/c^pas

horn

ceromel, cerosin, but keratoid, rhinoceros.

fj.erpov

a measure and

fJ-^Tjjp

mother (also
\iira.

/j.rjTpa

womb)

barometric,

metritis, metroscopy,
lip-

from Xe/7rw
OCT/UTJ

to

leave

and

asm- from
ozo6pit-,

smell and

wfffj.6s

fat ; ellipse, lipomatosis. a blow ; osmidrosis, exosmosis.

from

6w

to

exhale perfume and 6os a twig.

rpixbs hair and rplxa threefold ; trichinosis, trichotomy.

THE

FIRST PART OF

COMPOUND WORDS

Under
sitions.

this

head come the Numerals and the Prepo-

Numerals
(<z)

Cardinal Numbers:
1
et<?,

/-ua,
:

eV

hyp-hen
trilogy.

"

under one."

2
3

Syo

hen-dia-dys (one through two).

rpia
:

T/oet<?,

4
5

recro-a/oe?,

reWapa, and rerr

tetrameter.

TreWe
e
:

6
7 8

pentameter, Pentateuch. hexameter.

:

eTTTct

o/cTw

(
:

Heptameron, Heptarchy.
Lat.
e?c/^)
:

octagon, octahedron.

9 ewea
10
11
1

enneagon.
Decalogue.
hendecasyllabic.
:

Setca: dekaliter,

evBefca:

SwSe/ca
:

dodecahedron.
icosahedron.

20 eiKoai

30 TpidicovTa.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
40
50 trevrrjKovra (see below). 100 etcarov hecatomb, hektograph.
:

19

500 1000

TrevraKoaioi.
%iA,tot
fjivpioi
:

kilogram (through French).

myriad.
:

10000
(b)

Ordinal Numbers
;

lium

fifth
:

second, Sevrepos book of Moses)

:

Proto-evangeDeutero-nomy (the second law

first, TTyxwro?
:

third, rpiTos

seventh, efi&o;

hebdomadal
s
:

(Fr. hebdomadaire}, weekly Pentecost (Fr. la Pentecote}.

fiftieth,

(c)

Numeral Adverbs :
;

once,aira%\ hapax legomenon,

;

word occurring only once

thrice, rpt?
ea'/a<?, e.g.
;

twice, St?

dilemma, diptera

4-times,TeTpdw, $-times,TrevTdw,
hexakis-octaeder, 6-times 8-sided
OKTCIICIS.
:
;

6- times,

^-times,

7rra':t9

8 -times,

(e]

Numeral
:

Adjectives

&ITT\OVS double

diploma,

lit.

aTrXoO? single: haplology a folded document.

(/) Numeral Nouns: povds a unit: monad;

s
:

Geol. Dyas-, Trias-formation.

Prepositions

round about: amphi-theatre. avd (opposite of /caret) on, upon (again} Ana-basis, a march up ; ana-phora, repetition; ana-chronism,
L

about,

error in chronology. dvri instead, against : 6 avrC^pta-ro^, Antichrist.

ctTTo

from, hence, {separation}

tached thought.

apo-stle, ap-horism,

de-

Bid througJi, over, on account of (division)

dia-gonal,

dia-phanous.

20
ets

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
into

(seldom used
a vowel

in

combination)

is-agoge,

lead-

ing in, introduction.

CK (before

e)

out ^(completion): ec-stasy,

out, departure.

Ex-odus, a marching
eV in, witJiin
CTTI
:

en-thusiasm.

on, toward, with,

quently

behind {upon, thereto}; used freepi gram, epi-logue.

doivn from, along, after (back, apart,
(participation, variation): meta-phor,

Kara (see
below}
fjberd

ava.}
:

cata-strophe, cat-holic, universal.

with, toward

met-hod.
Trapd beside, with, near (past): par-enthesis, para-graph,

par-oxysm.
irepi concerning, because of,

about (round about)

peri-

phery.
7T/30

before,

7T/909 to,

for (in front} pro-logue. at the side of, toward (also thereto)
:

pros-elyte,

pros-ody.
<rvi>

with (together}
sy-stem.
above,

syn-agogue, syl-logism, symphony,

over}
:

vTrep

for (away

hyper-oxide,

Hyper-

borean.
VTTO under,

among (by

degrees}

hypo-tenuse, hypothesis.

Important Substantives, Adjectives, and Verbs which occur most frequently at the Beginning of Words
The meaning given is the commonest. The science in which they are most frequently used is added. Before a vowel o is often dropped. The less common stems are written to the right.
Aero-, air.

Aktino-, ray.
Allo-, different.

Phot.

Akro

outermost, highest.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Andro-, man, male.
Antho-,J?ozver.
Bot., etc.

21

Chloro-,

yellow-green.

Chem.
Chole-, gall.

Anthropo-, Jutman being.

Arch(i)-, axb(e);J$rstt chief,

Med.
dance,

Chorochoir.

(choros),

beginner.

Archaeo-, old.
Aristo-, best, noble.

Choro-

(chora),

district,

country.

Math. Arithmo-, number. star. Astron. Astro-,

Atmo-,
Auto-,
air.
self.

Chroma-, chrom(at)o-,^/<?//r. Phys., Biol., Tech.

Chrono-, time.

Phys.

Chryso-, gold.

Baro-, bary-, heavy. Biblio-, book.

Bio-, life.

Phys.

Cine-,

Chem., etc. movecine(ma)to-, ment. Phys., Tech.

Med., Biol.
brachisto-,
Biol.,

Cosmo-, universe, ornament.

Cranio-, skull.

Brachy-,
etc.

short,

Med.
Bot., etc.

shortest.

Math., Crypto-, hidden.

Cyclo-, circle.

Cyano-, dark blue.

fish).

Chem.
Biol.,

Branchio-, gills (of a

Biol.

Cyn-, cynos-, dog.

etc.

Bronchio-, bronchial tube.

Med.
Bu-, bull, ox.
Biol., etc.

Demo-, people, populace.

Dendro-,
tree.

Bot.

Caino-, kaino-, new. Geol. Derm(at)o-, skin. Med., Biol. Desmo-, binding, sinew. Cako-, bad.
Calo-, calli-, beautiful.

Med.
Diplo-, double.

Cardio-, heart.

Cephalo, head.

Med. Med.
Chem.,
hand.

Dynamo-, strength.
Tech.

Phys.,

Chalko-, ore, copper.

Tech.
Chiro-,

Elektro-, Chem., Phys.

cheir,

from

Entero-, intestines.
Biol.

Med.,

Med.,

Biol.

22
Ethno-, people.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Homo-,
alike, the

same.
simi-

Gala(kto)-, milk.
Biol., etc.

Med., Homoeo-,
lar.

resembling,

Gastro-,

gastri-,

abdomen, Horo-,
etc.

Jiour, time.

stomach.

Med.,

Hydro-, water.
Hyeto-, rain.

Phys. Phys.
Phys.
Biol.

Ge- (geo-), earth.

Gene a-,
Glosso-,

birth, race.

Hygro-, damp.
speecJi.

tongue,
Philol.,

Ichthyo-,^/*.
Ideo-, thought.

Med.,
Glyko-, Nat.

etc.

Philos.

sweet.

Chem.,

Idio-, individual, peculiar.

Ido-, picture , form

Idolo-, picture,

image.

Glypto-, sculptor, art.

form, imform, imPhys.,

Grammo-, writing. Gymno-, naked.

Gyne-,

Philol.

age.
Icono-, picture,

Biol.

Gynaek(o)-,

woIso-,

age.

man.
Gyro-,

Med.,

Biol.

equal,

alike.
etc.

circle.

Haem(at)o-,

Phys. blood. Med.,

Chem.,
Leuko-,

tvhite.
etc.

Chem.,

Chem.
Halo-, salt.
Helio-,

Med.,

Chem., Tech. Litho-,

Phys.,
Nat.,

stone.

Geol., Med.,

sun.

etc.

Tech.
Hemi-, half.
Hepato-,
Biol.
liver.

Logo-,

speech,

word,
Biol.

rela-

tion.

Med.,

Lyco-, wolf.

Makro-, long, great.

Mega(lo)-, great.
Meio-, mio-,
less.

Hetero-, other, different.

Hiero-, holy.

Theol., etc.
Biol., etc.

Geol.

Hippo-, horse.

Histo-, tissues.

Med.

melan(o)-, black. Meso-, middle.

,

Mela

Hodo-, way.
Holo-, entire.

Tech.

Metro-, measure, meter. Metro-, mother.

Med.

A MINIMUM OF GRLEK
Mikro-,
little.

Oro-,

mountain.

Geol.

Miso-, enemy, hate.

Mono-, alone.
WsxTifas-, figure, form.
Biol.,

Ortho-, straight, right. Osteo-, bone. Med., Biol.

Oto-, ear.

Med.
Chem.,
Biol.,

Med.
Myelo-, marrow.

Oxy-, sharp, acid.

Med.
muscle.

Biol.

mouse, Myo-, Med., Biol.

Ozo(no)-,
etc.

smell.

Mytho-, myth, legend. Nau-, ship.

Nekro-, corpse.
Neo-, new.

Pachy-,pacho-, //>/. Biol.

Paed- (ped-),
Palaeo-, old.

child.

Pan-, wliole,

all.

Nephro-, kidney.
Neuro-,
Biol.

Med.

Partheno-, virgin.

nerve.

Med., Patho-, suffering.

Patro-, father.
Petro-, stone.

Med.

Nomo-, law.
Noso-, sickness.
Ochlo-,

Min.
open,
visible.

Med.
peo-

crowd, common

Phanero-, Bot.

ple.

Odonto-, tooth.

Med.,

Biol.,

Pharmaco-, drug. Phenomeno-, appearance.

Philo-, friend.

Tech.
Oeco- (eco-), dwelling, house.
Oligo-,
little.

Phlebo-, vein.

Med.
Phil.,

Phono-, voice, sound.

Tech., Med.
Phos-, Phot(o)-, light.

Onomato-, name. Philos. Onto being.

,

Phys.,

Oo-, egg.

Biol.,

Med.
Biol.

Chem., Tech.
Phreno-,

Ophio-, snake.

diapJiragm,

hu-

Ophthalmo-,
Biol.

eye.

Med.

mour,
Phil.

mind.
Bot.

Med.,

Organo-, instrument, organ.

Ornitho-, bird.
Biol,

Phyllo-, leaf. Physio-, nature.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Biol. Phyto-, plant. milk. Chem. Pio-,/#/,
Pleio-, plio-, more.

Skia-,

skio-,
etc.

shadow.
carcass.

Phys.,

Geol.

Somato-,

body,

Pleisto-, most.

Geol.

Med.
Sperm(at)o-, seed.
Biol.

Pneumo-, lung. Med. Pneumato-, breath, air.

Med., Philos.,
Podo-,/^/.
Poli-, Poleo-,
etc.

Bot.,

Sphaere-,

ball,

sphere.

Med., Biol.
town.

Math., Phys.

Sphygmo-, pulse.
Spor-, spore. Steno-, narroiv.

Med.

Poly-,

many.

Bot.

Proto-, first.

Pseudo-, false, apparent.

Stereo - fixed, firm

,

M ath

Psycho-, soul.

Philos.,

Med.
Med.

Tech.,

etc.

Pycno-, thick.

Phys.

Sticho-, order, row, verse.

Pyo-, matter, pus.

Pyro-, Pyri-,Jzre.

Stoma-, stom(at)o-,;;*0w//*.

Min.

Med.
Stylo-, pillar.

Rheo-, stream, current. Phys. Rhino-, nose. Biol., Med.

Rhizo-, root.

Arch.
steer.

Tachy-, quick, prompt.

Tauro-,
bull,

Bot.
Bot.

ox,

Rhodo-, rose.

Biol., etc.

Rhombo-, square, rJiomboid. Tauto-, self, the same. Math. Techno-, art, science.
Sa.rco-,J?es/i.

Med.,

Biol.,

Tecno-, child.

Med.
Philos.

etc.

Tele-,/^r.

Phys., Tech.

Sclero-,

hard.

Biol.,

Teleo-, end, aim.

Med.

Theo-, God.

Theol

Seismo-, sismo-, trembling, Thermo-, heat. Phys. Geol. Chem. Thio-, sulphur. earthquake.
Sidero-,
iron.

Phys.,

Thymo-,

humour,

soul,

Tech.
Sito-, bread,

Med., Philos.
nutriment.

Timo-, Jionour.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Tono-,

25

sound,

tension.

Urano-, heaven.

Phys.
Topo-, locality, place.

Xantho-, yellow.

Nat.

Geog.

Tracheo-, windpipe.

Med.

Xeno-, strange, foreign. Xero-, dry. Nat., Med.

Tricho-, hair (cf. tricho-,

threefold).
Biol.,

Nat., Tech. Xylo-, wood. Tech. Zoo-, animal, living creature.

Biol.

THE SECOND PART OF COMPOUND WORDS

Substantives, Adjectives, and Verb-stems which occur most frequently in the Second Half of Compounds
-adelphia,
-algia,

from adelphos, brother. from algos, pain. Med.

Bot.

Bot. -anthus, flower. ruler ; -archy, lordsJiip, dominion. -arch,

-basis, base, area.

-bat

(st.

ba), base, area.

Arch.

Biol. -bium, -be, living. Bot. -blast, germ, embryo.

-bios,

-blem,

from blema

(st. bal),

throw.

-bolos, -bol (st. bal), thrower.

-carp(ion), -carpic,
caustic,
-cele,

from karpos,
to burn.

fruit.

Bot.

from

st.

kau,

Phys., etc.

breaking, fracture.

Med.
Med., Biol.
Biol.

Geol. -cene, from kainos, neiv. -cephal(ic), from kephale, Jiead. -ceros, -ceras, from keras, horn.
-chord(ium), stringed instrument.
-chroic,

Mus.
Phys., Biol.

-chroism, from

chros, colour, flesh.

-chrom(ie), -chromatic, colour.

Phys., Biol.

26-

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
from chronos, time.
Min.
klino, to bend.

-chron, -chronic,
',

-clas, brittle fragile.

-clin(ic), -clitic,
-coll,

from

Min., Biol, etc.

from kolla, adhesive matter, glue. -cope, from kop, to cut, to strike. -eras, -crasy, from st. kra, to mix.
-crat, ruler ;

Chem.,

etc.

-cracy, lords Jiip, dominion.

from krino, decide, test. from kyklos, circle, wheel. -demie, -demic, from demos, people. Med., etc. -dermis, -dermic, from derma, skin. Med., Biol.
-crise, -crisy, -crit, -critic,

-cycle, -cyclic,

-dox, -doxy,

st.

dok, opinion, doctrine.

Theol.

-drom, -drome, runner, race-course.

-dule, servant.

-dynamic, from dynamis, strength.

-edron,

Phys.

from hedra,

side.

Math.

-egesis (hegeomai, to lead), leading, guidance. -egory (agoreuo, to speak), discourse.

-ergy (-ergic),

st.

erg, exertion, strength.

-gaeum, -gee,

from

gaia, earth.

Astron.

-gam, -gamy, -gamic, marriage, reproduction.

-gen, -geny, -genesis, -genie,

Bot,

etc.

from

st.

gen, to be born, to

arise from, to beget.

-glyph, -glyphic, -glyptic, from glypho, to cut.

-gnosis, -gnosy, -gnostic, -gnost,

Art.
to learn, to

from

st.

gno,

know.

from gen, to arise from, to beget. from gonia, angle. Math. -gon, -gramm, -graph, -graphy, -graphic, from graph, to draw. Bot., etc. -gyn, -gyny, from gyne, woman.
-gon, -gony,

to write,

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
-iatros, doctor ;
-later,

27

-iatry, therapeutics.

Med.

servant ; -Iatry, service.

read.
etc.

-lect, st. leg, to

from st. lab, to take, seize. Med., -lipse, -liptic, from st. lip, to leave, to leave out. Min. -lith, from lithos, stone.
-lepsy, -leptic,
-log, -logy, -logic (st. leg), speech,

knowledge,

etc.

-lysis, -lytic,

from

st.

luo,

to

loosen,

to solve.

Philos.,

Chem., etc. -machy, from mache, battle. Med. -mania, insanity, mania. from mantis, soothsayer. -mant, -mancy, -mantic, -mat (st. ma), to move. Tech. Chem., etc. -mer, -mery, from meros, part, portion. -meter, -metry, -metric, from metron, measure. Biol. -morph(ic), -morphy, from morphe, form, shape.
-naut, sailor.
-nesos, -nesia,

from nesos,
(st.

island.

Geog.

-nome, -nomy
-tfd(e),

nem), law, distribution.

from hodos, way, road. Phys., etc. -ode, -ody, from ode, song, melody. Biol., Tech. -odont, from odus, tooth. Chem. -ol, from Lat. oleum, oil. from onoma, name. -onym(y), -opy, -ops, -opsy, -opt, -opter, etc., from st. op,
Phys. -Srama, from horao,
-paed(ia), -paedeutic,
to see.

see.

Med.,

from paides, boys, education. from pathos, suffering. Med. Med. -peptic, -pepsia, st. pep, cook, digest. Med. st. phag, eat. Zo., -phag(y),
-pathy, -pathic,

28

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
st.

-phan(y), -phasis,
-phase, -phatic,
-phil, love.
st.

phan, show, appear.

phe, speak.

from phobos, fear. from phone, voice, sound. Phys., Tech. -phor, -phoric, from phero, / bear, cany. Phys., etc. from phylax, a guard. Med. -phylax, -phylactic, -physis, -physic, from physis, nature. Nat., Bot. -phyt, from phyo, to grow. from plasso, / mould or build. Biol. -plasma, -plastic,
-phobia,
-phon(e),

Bot.

-plexy, -plectic,
-pod, pus, podos,
-polis,

st.

pleg, to strike.

a foot. a
city.

from

polis,

-psychosis, from psyche, a soul. -ptero(s), from pteron, a zving. -ptom, -ptote, from pipto, I fall.

Zo.,

Arch,

Math., Med.

-ptychon,

st.

ptych, -fold.

-rhaphy, from rhapto,

-rrh, -rrhoea,

I stitch.
Med<

I flow. Med. skep, skop, look, see. Phys., -sophy, -sophic, from sophos, wise. Bot. -sperm, -spermic, from sperma, seed.
from
st.

rheo,

-scope, -scopic,

-spor,
-stat,

st.
-

sper, sow.

st. sta, make to stand still. from sthenos, strength. Med. -stich(on), -stichic, from stichos, a series, line. -stom(y), from -stoma, g. stomatos, mouth. -strophy, -strophic, from strepho, / turn. -style, from stylos, a pillar. -tasis, st. ten, I stretch.

stasy,

-sthen(ic),

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
from tasso, / draw up in order. from techne, art. -technic, Med. -therapy, from therapeuo, I help, heal. -therm, from thermos, hot. Phys.
-taxis, -tactic,

29

-thesis, -thetic, st. the, place, set.

-tomy, -tomic,
-ton(y), -tonic,

st.

tern, to cut.

st.

ten, to stretch.

-trophy, -trophic,
-tropy, -tropic,

-typy, -typic,

from trepho, / nurture. from trepo, / turn. from tupto, / strike, imprint.
erg,

-urgy, -ergic,
-yl,

st.

work.

-zobn, -zoic, -zot,

from hyle, wood, substance. Chem. from zo, / live ; zoon, an animal.

PROPER NAMES
There is a large number of proper names formed from Greek roots they are useful as helping the student to remember a number of Greek words. Examples aXeco help, gives us Agatlia from a<ya0d<> good.
;
:

Alexis, Alexander, helper of man, the second portion of the latter name being from avijp, avSpas man, which is also found in Andrew, manly, Neander (= Ncwnian\

AtJianasius, -ia, from a battle). and ddvaros death. Alethea = a\^0eia the truth. Baptist from /3a7TTia> dip in, to baptize. Berenice (orig. Macedonian) from <ejp&> to carry, and this is also found in Nicho-las, Nico-demus viKt] victory (A.ao? people, cf. Laity, Srj/jios people), Nicaea = Nice, NIC o -polls. Charts, xdpis joy. Chloe = %Xo'?7 green of
(f^d^tj

Andromache

= without, priv.

spring.

Christopher

=6

xpicrros

the anointed

saviour,

3O

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
fa'pco

and

to

carry.

CJirysostom

= %/afcro?

gold,

and

o-ro'/ia

mouth.

god

of wine.

Denis, shortened from Dionysus^ the Bwpov a gift, in Dons, Iso-dor, Pan-dora,
(tfeo?

Theo-dore {Doro-tJied}
heath.
ion),
talk),

God).
et>

Eric,
:

epitcr)

heather,

Eu-doxia (So'a opinEugene, Eugenia (well born), Eu-lalia (XaXew to Eu-pJiemia, Eu-menides (-/-lez^ disposed), Euwell

Combination with

phrasia, Eu-phrosyne (from (f>pr)v sense), Eu pJiorion, Eu-sebius (W/30 to honour), EustacJiius {Eustace} (<rra%u? seed). George, a farmer, Georgina, yfj earth, and
Gregory, <yprjyopea) to watch Harpagus, Helio-dor, ^fXto9 the sun Hieronymus Phi{Jerome), te/w holy, and ovo^a a name. Philip lippus, loving horses, fonros a horse. Irene, elprjvrj peace

epyov

work

dpTrd^o) to rob

Iris

Ipi?

rainbow.

/caXXo? beauty, in Calliope (o^r, OTTO?

KatJierine, tcada-

voice), Callisthenes (crfle'w? strength). /cXe'o<? renown, in Cleopatra. /oo9 pure.

Margaret = /*apMelanie from fjie\aiva black. Narcissus, yapirrjs pearl. after a narcotic plant, from vdptcij numbness. ^eoV new,
in

Neander, Pan-cratius

Trav all Pan-dora, Nea-polis {Naples}. (icpaTeco to rule), Panta-leone (\ecov lion),
:

the patron saint of Venice, hence pantaloon. Pelagius, Peter, irerpa rock. 7re\ayos the sea. ^>t\w love, in Phil-adelpliia (aSeX^o? brother), Phil-alethes (a\r)6ij^
true), PJiilip, Philippine.
life),

?roXv?

many,

in Polybius (/Sto?

Poly-dor, Poly-carp (KapTrds

fruit),

Poly-phemus

Phyllis {$v\\ov a leaf) = a green shoot. Pro-metlieus, the one who foresees or thinks beforehand, from navddvw to learn
(folfjhftQ say),
(st. fj-aO).

Poly-xenos (|eVo? strange).

ScJiolastica, o-^oX?; leisure, school.

RJioda =

roses.

Sophia

= cro<j>Ca

wisdom.

crco9

healthy, in Soc-

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
rates.

Stephen
rifjida)

= erTe^az'o?

crown.

6eos

God,

in

Theo-

dore* Doro-thea, Tlieo-dosins (8o<m a

TimotJiy,

gift).

Timotheus,

honour, and

#eo'?.

Urania from ovpavos

heaven.

Agate (Achates, river of Sicily), chalcedony (Chalcemagnet (stone from Magnesia), currants (Ger. Korinthen, i.e. fruit from Corinth), copper (acs cyprium, mineral from Cyprus), have their origin in place names. 2o'\ot, a town in Cilicia where bad Greek was spoken, gives solecism, French le sotecisme, an error in language.
don),

BORROWED WORDS
Since A.D. 597,
tianity

when Augustine introduced

Chris-

and

civilization into Britain, several

Greek words

(often Latinized) have

guage. vation

is

become part of the English lanTheir development is interesting, as their derioften an epitome of the history of the country.
follow.
eleeo to pity)

few noteworthy instances

Alms

eleemosyna

(st.

compassion, Fr.

anmonc, Ger. almosen.

Amethyst

to intoxicate) a prea-metJiystos (inetliyo cious stone, supposed to cure drunkenness. Gr. ankyra, Fr. ancre. Anchor, fr. Lat. ancora

Apostle

(st. stcllo-

to send), Gr. apostolos, Lat. -us, Fr.

apotre.

Apothecary
Arsenic,
fr.

(st.

the

to store), apothcca

=
(fr.

a storeroom.
arsen manly,

Lat. arsenicum

arsenikon

strong).

Bishop

epi-skopos (st. skep to see) overseer, Lat. episcopus, Fr. eveque.

32

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
fr.

Bomb,

Fr.

bombe ;

cf.

Lat.

bombus drone, related

to

the Gr. bombos

a dull sound.

Bombast, high-flown
bace
fr.

talk, originally

wadding ;

Fr. bom-

Gr.

Box,

f r.

Gr. pyxis

and Lat. bombyx. fr. pyxos = boxwood, Lat.

fr.

buxiis.

Buffalo, Fr. buffle

cies of

Lat. bubalus

Gk. bubalos a spe-

African deer.
lit.

Butter,

fr.

Gr. butyron,
Lat. camelus

cow-cheese, Lat. butyrum, Fr.

st.

beurre.

Camel,

kamelos, Fr. cJiamean ; cf Camelopard (camelopardus) a giraffe, fr. camelus and pardus, a leopard.
f r.
. :

Camlet, Fr. camelot material

made from

camel's hair.

Card, Fr. carte (Ital. carta) fr. Lat. ckarta, Gk. chartes a page of made papyrus (hence paper); cf. chart,
charter.

Celery, fr. Fr. celeri, Ital. selleri, selinon parsley.

fr.

Lat. selimtm

Gr.

Lat. calx, calcis Gr. chalix, Fr. chaux. Cherry, fr. Gr. kerasion cherry, kerasia cherry tree, either fr. keras horn, on account of the hardness of the

Chalk,

fr.

wood, or
cerise.

fr.

Kerasus

in

Pontus

Lat. cerasus, Fr.

Chest,

fr.

Lat. cista
fr.

Gr. kiste, Fr.

ciste.

Chestnut, Fr. chaa town in Pontus, or of Armenian origin taigne ; so castanets fr. resemblance to chestnuts.
;

Lat. castanea, Gr. kastanon, after Kastana,

Gr. kyriaka belonging to the Lord, st. kyrios Fr. eglise is fr. Gk. ekklesia ; cf. Welsh eglws\ (the Gr. kleros a lot, a divided inherClergy, fr. Lat. clems

Church,

fr.

itance, then a special class or rank.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Colossus, Lat. colossus

33

Gr. kolossos a gigantic statue, Fr. colosse, colossal. particularly that of Rhodes Comet, fr. Lat. cometa, Gr. kometes a star with a tail ; cf.
;

st.

kome
fr.

hair

Fr. comete.

Lat. (aes) cuprium Copper, from Cyprus ; Fr. cuivre.

Crystal,

Gr. kyprion,

i.e.

metal

Lat. crystallus (kruos] Fr. cristal.

fr.
;

Gr. knistallos properly ice

this fr. the Gr. daktylos

Date,

fr.

Ital.

dattilo,
its

and

finger (from
Devil,

fingerlike leaves); Fr. datte.

tiuval, fr. Gr.-Lat. diabolus, originally one Fr. diable. separates, slanders fr. Gr. drakon snake Dragoon, (a knight whose ^standard was decked with the picture of a dragon or snake). Gr. elepJias. Elephant, fr. Lat. elephantos

O.H.G.

who

fr. Lat.-Gr. epistola (st. stello} Fr. epitre. Gillyflower, fr. O. Fr. giroflce fr. fcapvo<f)v\\ov the clove tree gillyflower so called from its clove-like smell.

Epistle,

July-flower is the same word. Golosh, fr. Fr. galoche fr. low Lat. calopia, and this fr. Gr. kalopus a shoemaker's last (Lat. calopodium}.
Grotesque, wonderful, strange, as the ornaments in ancient crypts, etc.
Grotto,
fr.

Ital.

grotta

fr.
;

underground church
Gulf,
fr.

Lat. crypta Fr. grotte.

Gr. krypte an

Fr. golfe, Ital. golfo, and this fr. Gr. kolpos (Mod. Gr. kolp/ios) the bosom of a dress. Hence

Fr. gouffre a precipice. Gum, fr. Lat. gummi, Gr.-Egypt.

Hermit, Lat. eremita

Fr. ermite.

kommi, Fr. gomme.

fr.

Gr. eremites

eremos alone

34
Ink,

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Dutch inkt ;
under heat.
Ital. inchiostro ;

Lat. incaustum

Gr.

eyicava-Tov (fcaico

burn)

vitriol

and oak

galls

mixed

Lamp, fr. Fr. lampe fr. Lat.-Gr. lampas light. Layman, fr. Lat. laicus = Gr. laikos belonging
;

to the

people (st. laos) Fr. laique. Gr. glykyrrhiza sweet root Licorice, fr. Lat. liquiritia

(glykys sweet);
reglisse.

Ital.

legorisia

and

regolizia,

Fr.

Litany a prayer, a monotonous complaint,

Gr. litaneia (lite request). Marmalade, Fr. marmalade ; Portug.
;

fr.

Lat.

lita-

nia

marmelada fr. marmelo a quince Lat. melimelum = \ie\i^i]\ov a honey-apple, an apple grafted on a quince.
fr.

Migraine, megrim,

Lat.

Jiemicrania (Gr.

^/u

half

and Kpdvtov

skull) orig. a nervous side of the head.

headache of one

Gr. monacJios living alone, Fr. Monk, fr. Lat. monachus moine ; cf Munich and the proper name Monk, etc. Minster a cathedral, also in place names, fr. Lat. mona.

sterium
Music,
fr.
fr.

Gr. monasterion.

Lat. musica
late Lat.
(st.

Gr. musike.
tool,

Organ,

ment

organum, Gr. organon a crg\Q work) Fr. orgue.

;

imple-

Oyster, fr. Lat. ostremn Fr. huitre.

Paradise,
f r.

Gr. ostreon (cf. osteon bone)

Gr. paradcisos a pleasure Lat. paradisus a park (orig. a Persian word), Fr. paradis ; ground, cf. also parvise (Fr. parvis) an outer court before a

church.

Parchment,

fr.

Lat.

pergamena (= Gr. pcrgamenos)

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
prepared hides from town of Pergamos min.
Parish,
f r.
;

35

Yr.parche-

late Lat. parocJiia for paroecia

Gr. par-oikia
(st.

the district or houses near a bishopric

Fr. paroisse.
fr.

oikos]

Parsley,

medieval Lat. pctrosilium for Lat.-Gr. /^ra$^fr.

lin-um Pheasant,

f r.

Gr. sclinon celery, Fr. persil / Lat. pJiasianus = Gr. phasianos

cf. celery.
f r.

Phasis

Fr. faisan.

Planet, f r. Lat.-Gr. planetes, round Fr. planet.

;

planaomai

to

wander, move

Police, fr. late Lat. politia, Gr. politeia state organization,

Fr. police

cf.

policy a form, an invoice

(st.

fr.

Ital.

polizza and this f r. poly-ptycJia folded document.

ptych to fold) a

Pomp,

f r.

Fr.

festive

pompe show f r. Lat. pompa = Gr. pompe a procession. Hence pump (a thin-soled shoe),

because used for

Jiosc,
fr.

pomp

or

ornament

cf Ger.
.

Pump;

wide trousers worn

Lat. presbyter

at festivals.

Priest,

Gr. presbyteros elder

Fr.

pretre.

Purse,

fr. Ital.

borsa, Fr. bourse, allied to Gr. byrsa skin,

leather.

Quince,

M.H.G.

kiitine fr. Lat. cotonia

;

Gr. Cydonia a

cotogna, Fr. coing and cognassc. fr. Ital. riso (Fr. riz) fr. Lat.-Gr. oryza. Rice, rheum ponticnm, i.e. the river Rhubarb, fr. late Lat. rJia
in Crete
Ital.

town

Rha =
barber.

Volga, and barbaros

foreign

Ger. RJia-

Scandal, fr. Lat.-Gr. scandalum properly a snare, a trap, Fr. scandale (-iser} and esclandre.

36
School,

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
fr. Lat. schola = Gr. scliole properly leisure devoted to study, then study, a learned disputation, then place of study Fr. ecole.
;

Shalot,

fr.

Fr. ecJialotte,

fr.

Lat.-Gr. Ascalonia an onion

from Ascalon.
Skeleton,
fr.

Gr. skeletos, Lat.

;

sceletus

mummy

(fr.

skello to dry)

Sketch,

fr.

Fr. squelette. Ital. schizzo fr Lat. schedium

;

Gr. schedion

something done in a hurry Fr. esquisse. Squirrel, Old Fr. esquirel (mod. Fr. faurenil} from late Lat. sciuriohis, dim. of sczurus, fr. Gk. ovcioupo?,
lit.

shadow-tail.

Talisman

Arabic telsam from

Te\eo-/ia i)

an imitation,

2) a second object. Treacle, Old Fr. triacle (orig. triacque), Span, teriaca, Lat. theriaca fr. Gr. theriaka (Oijpiatca <a/j/^a/ca) an

antidote

animals
Zest, thr.

against poisons, especially bites of (drip wild beast), then a remedy.

wild

O. Fr. zeste

O. Fr. and Lat. from O-^CTTO? deft, divided = one of the partitions which divide
;

the kernel of a walnut, also the peel of an orange or lemon hence, when used as flavouring, a relish,
;

zest;
Zither,
fr.

v. schist-, p. 138.

Lat. cithara

kithara,

whence

Fr. guitarre,

Ital. chitarra.

GREEK DOUBLETS
Several words borrowed directly from Greek during Ages had previously been introduced into
less edu-

the Middle

English (often through Norman-French) by

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
cated
people, and

37

have naturally undergone various

changes

in form, thus

POPULAR EARLY FORM

Alms Balm Blame Diamond

Fancy
Palsy

Phantom
Priest

Slander

LIST OF

GREEK DERIVATIVES ENGLISH LANGUAGE

IN

THE

The parts of a compound word containing different roots are separated by hyphens ; both parts should be consulted, as the explanation of
Words whose meanings a word is given usually under only one heading. are quite evident from their formation are not explained. Wherever part of a word is given with a hyphen after a semicolon, the rest is to be
supplied from the last complete word in Italics preceding it. The words under each heading are in alphabetical order where the stems are the same,

but compounds whose

first

part contains a different root are put at the end.

For abbreviations, see

p. v.

A-, an- (a-, av-

"a" privativum
a-chromatic
;

or negative
-catalectic ;

not, non-,

un-, in-),

-diathermic, impervious to
;

radiant heat

-diapliorons

-mnesty

(afjLvrja-ria
;

a forgetting, from

-cotyledon ; /jLe/jivr)/j,ai to
;

remember)
(/3/ooroV

-morpJwus, without form mortal), food not for mortals

(v. (v. (v.

am-brosia
;

an-acolu(v.
st.

tJion ;

-aemic

haem~)\
/wm-);
erg-)
;

-archy ;

-ecdotc
;

do}\

-omalous
;

-onymous

a-orist

(v.
;

horos)

a-rgon

a-septic (O-^TTTO? putrid)

a-tom
Ac(arcr)

(v.

tem-\
acacia (axa/cia), an-acaceous ;
;

a point),

acan-

tha (aicavOa), a thorn, prickle

acantlius, -ine, -oid\

;

acantho carpous, having fruit covered with prickles -cladous, having spiny branches -pterous, with
;

spiny

fins

Academia

near Athens, belonging originally to a hero named Aca('A/eaS^/iem

38

trag-a-canth, a leguminous plant. the Academy, a grove

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
demus, where Plato used
-ist.

39

to teach his philosophy).

academ-y, -ic, -ism, Acaleph (a/ca\^rj a nettle), a stinging

jellyfish.

Acme

(atc/jir)),

point, top.
fr.

Acol- (afcoXovOeco follow,

a- copulative

Ke\ev6o<f a

acoloth-ist, acolyth, acolyte, a companion, path). associate an-acolutJion, a change from one con;

struction to another in the

same sentence

(lit.

not

Acou-

following). (CLKOVO) to hear), aeon-meter, an instrument for of hearing -stic. measuring power
;

Acron (atcpov the

lic,

having

aero-bat, -ic (/3atW) acro-cepJiaa pyramidal skull -litJi, a statue with

top),
; ; ;

extremities alone of stone

at sunset, of stars
;

-logy

-nychal,

rising

of a seed

-polis ; -spire, a sprout at the end acro-stic (ern^o? a line, verse) acro;

terium, in Arch, a pedestal for statuary on the apex of a pediment. Actin- (d/cTtV, gen. ctKrlvos a ray, beam). Actin-ia, a

genus of radiate polyps

of light or heat mycosis, disease
;

actin-ism,

the radiation
;

-ic,

pertaining to actinism

actino-

"

lump jaw"

actino-grapli -meter.

of cattle caused by ray-fungus, actin-i(form\ having a radiated form the raystone, -litic ; -logy ; -lite,
;

Adelphos (deX<f>o'<? brother), adelphous, having stamens in bundles mon-adelplious, stamens united into one
;

bundle

poly-

PJiil-adelphia, n.p.

Aden

adeno-id, a growth like a gland. (a8ijv a gland), Aei (dei ever), aeon (aiow), an age -ian.
;

-aemic, v.

haema-

(alfia blood).

40

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

Aeolos (cuoA,o9 quick moving, changeful, hence Aeolus, god of the winds). Aeolian, a harp aeolo-tropy
;

(rpeTreiv to turn),

change of physical properties due

on atmospheric oxy-

to

change of

position.

Aer

(arip air),

aero-biotic, living

gen (Bot);
-grapJiy ;

aero-cyst,

air-bladder; aero-dynamics;

-ism
its

-logy ; -meter; -nant, -ic, a plant living in and deriving -phyte, -phoby support from the air; -scopy ; -stat; aer-ated,
-lite,

-litic, -HtJi ;

-ial, -ator, etc.,

through Lat.

aer, fr. arjp.

-aeresis, v. haer-.
aestJieAesthes-, aesthet- (alaQ^vis perception, feeling). sio-meter, an instrument for measuring the sensibil-

ity

of
is

the

skin

aesthete
-ic,

(one
;

that

perceives

what

beautiful),

-icism
;

aesthophysiology,

the science of the senses

an-aestJiesia, -aesthetic,

(a priv.). Aether-, ether- (alOtjp, gen. -epo?, also aWpa the upper air, the heavens aWo) light up, kindle). aitJirio-scope,
;

instrument for measuring heat radiated from the

sky;
ether, -ize, -ic ; -eal, -ealize
;

-gram, a message

sent by wireless telegraphy; ethyl, the radical of alcohol and ether -ene, a gas Ethi-opian (i.e.
;
;

burnt face).

Ag

chor-agns (xopayos), a a chorus in Athens strat-egy (o-r/oaro? leader of

-eg-, -act (ayco lead, drive),
;

army), science of directing great military move-

ments;
cp-act

-egist,

-egic ;

-agent (thr. Fr.

and Lat.);

(e7ra/cTo'<? brought in, imported, intercalated, from eTrdyw), hence, days intercalated, the excess

of the solar over the lunar year (thr, Fr.).

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

41

Agath- (ay adds good), agath-ism, the doctrine that all things tend toward ultimate good Agatha, n.p. Agog- (aywyij leading, a training, education), dcm;

agog-iie,

-ic,
(et<?

-ism

ped-, -y (-TratSe? children); synto

is-agogic

into), introductory.

Agon- (aya>v an assembly agon ism, -ist, -is tic ;

Agonic,
v.

see

games, a contest).
ant-agonist ; prot-

-y, -ize ;

agonist, the leading actor in the

Greek drama.

gon-.
;

Agora-, -egory (ayopd market place ayopevco to speech in the market place, hence to assert),
pJiobia,
;

make

agora-

dread of crossing open places cat-egory,-ical

;

(thr. Lat. f r. tcarrjyopia}

all-egory (a\\r)jopia a de-

one thing under the image of another, a\Xo?) pan-egyr-ic (vavqyvpK, fr. Trd? + ayopd = an assembly of a whole nation, especially for a public festival, at which orations were made in praise of dead soldiers and statesmen), -ist, -ize ; par-egoric (TraprjyopiKds addressing, soothing), and
scription of
;

so applied to drugs. Agra- (aypa a catching, an attack),

chir-agra, gout in

the hand

-agrical ; pod-, -agric.

field),

Agro- (aypo's a
agro-stis, a

agro-nomy
of grasses
;

(W'/X-G)),

agriculture

genus agrosto-graphy " Alg- (aA/yo? pain), -algia, -algy, a medical suffix = pain of"; ncur- ; cardi- ; my-; gastr- ; nepJir- ; nost; -logy.

(Vo'crro?

a return home), home-sickness.

fat, oil, etc),
;

Aliph- (aXeifap, -aro?

Allo- (a'XXo? another

aliphatic.

Lat. alins\ allo-, combining form ; -cheiria, a diseased state in which a touch on one side of the body is felt at the corresponding
cf.

42

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
point on the other; -chroic, changeable in colour, -chroous ; -gamy, cross fertilization (Bot); -graph, a signature made by one person for another
;

-merism, change in chemical composition without

change of form -pathy, i.e. employment of medicines to produce different effects from those of the disease -phane (<awa), a mineral that shows a different colour under the blowpipe -pliylian, of
;
;

-tropism, variation of physical properties without change of substance allegory allel- (aXX^Xcof of one another). v. sub agora.

another race

-theism

par-allel,

sub ped. an inversion Jiyp-allage, allag- (a\\ayr) change). of the syntactical relation between two words parallax, the difference between the position of a body as seen from a point on the earth's surface and its position as seen from the earth's cen-ism,

-ogram,

-o-pipcd ;

v.

tre

-allactic. v. p. 31.

Amethyst,

Ammon

("A^/ituy

ammonia

Egyptian god = Zeus or Jupiter). (originally made from camel's dung near

-ium, hypothetical base of am-ide ; ammon-ite, a fossil shell ammonia; of an extinct cuttle-fish (thr. Lat, horn of Ammon, from their shape). Amphi- (apfyi on both sides, around). ampJii-bia, -bious

the temple of

Ammon).

-iac ;

(/3to9)

-biolite, a fossil amphibian -biology ; -bole, hornblende (thr. Lat. fr. a/*0i/3o\o? doubtful (v. bal-\ because often mistaken for augite) -bolite, a rock consisting chiefly of hornblende; -bology, an am;

biguous sentence

-brack

\*>

-carpic ; -ctyony

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

43

=
fish
;

dwellers around) -gamous ; -macer -oxus (6y<? sharp), the lancelet, a little
;
;

-poda, an order of Crustacea -prostyle, v. sty I- ; -s-bacna (/3amu go, hence one that goes both ways),
;

a fabulous serpent with a head at each end

v.

-scii

sub

ski- ;

-scians

scii ;

-tJieatre ;

-tropous ;

Ana

-trite (n.p., wife of Poseidon, goddess of the sea), a genus of marine annelids -type. 4 (avd up, towards, back, throughout often merely strengthening word with which it is compounded v.
;
;

second part of word),

(fcd/jLTTTQ)

ana-baptist ; -basis; -camptic

;

to bend), reflected
;

-clironism, -istic

; -coln-

tJion ;

-dem a wreath

-diplosis ;

-dromons, ascend;

ing rivers to
-agnorisis
-logne,
;

spawn
-gram,

(Ichth.); -glyph, -glyptografli

-grammatic ;
-logons
;

-lects ;

-lepsy ;

-logism,
;

-logize,

-lysis ;

-mnesis
back,

-morpliosis

-paest (avdiraKnos
i.e.

struck

re-

bounding),
-plasty
;

-static ;

a dactyl reversed -strophe; -thema,

;

ww_;
-tise ;

pJiora ;

-tomy ;

anchorite (ava^wpea) retreat) widen), dilatation of artery.

aneurysm (avevpvvw

Andr-

(avijp,

andr-oecium

avSpds a man, hence in Bot. a stamen). (ot/co? a house; v. sub oec-} (Bot.), the
;

stamens taken collectively andro-gyny (&&..}, being both male and female, -gynous ; -petalous, having stamens that become petals, as the water-lily -id, a machine in human form; -pliagous ; mon-andry ; Alex-ander ; Phil-ander, n.p.; also poly-; etc.
;

piiil-ander, verb, to

flirt.

Anemo- (ai^o? wind),

recording direction

of

anemo-graph, instrument for the wind -gram ; -logy ;

;

44
-meter;
-pkilous

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
-ne,

wind-flower;
fertilized

hence

-nin,

drug;

(Bot.),

by

wind;

-scope

-graph.

Angel (a77eXo<? a messenger

angel).
shillings,

hence messenger of God,

An

old English gold coin, value about ten so called from figure of angel on it.

angel-et, a gold coin of Edward IV. of the value of one-half an angel ; -tea, an umbelliferous ;

plant

-o-latry ;

-o-logy

-o-pJiany, the
;

appearance of an
;

angel or angels to man -ot, an old Fr. coin also a coin struck by Henry VI. of England for use in
his

French dominions

cf.

angelet.

angelus, a ser-

vice in

Roman

Catholic Church

fr. first

words

Lat.)

ev-angel (euayyeXiov = good

Angelica, n.p.

(thr.

tidings, gospel).

-ic, -ize, -ist ;

Angio- (^7709 or ayyeiov a vessel). angio-graphy, description of the vessels of the body -logy ; -tomy ;
;

-sperm (Bot.), a plant having a seed vessel angienchyma (%ew, to pour, v. c/iyl-) (Bot.), vascular tis;

sue spor-angium, a spore-case (Bot.). Anth- (avdos a flower avOrjpos flowery

; ;

cf.

anther

(Bot.)). antJi-o-genous ; -aid ; ant/iemion, flower-like ornamentation in architecture heli-anth ; anth-esis,

;

the opening of the flower antho-bian, a beetle that passes its life on flowers and leaves -carpous (Bot.),
; ;

formed by the ovaries of several flowers

-cyanine,

the colouring matter of blue flowers; -leucin, the colouring matter of white flowers -lite, a flower;

like impression

on rocks; -mania;
;

-philoits (Ent.),

term applied to bees, etc. -logy, a collection of flowers hence a collection of beautiful passages from
;

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
authors
axis.
;

45

the arrangement of flowers on the galantJins ; Jiaem-anthus.

-taxis,

Anthrax (av6pa% charcoal, coal; a precious

buncle
;

stone, car-

then

a pustule, carbuncle).
antJirac-ite,

anthrax, a

disease of cattle;

black marble

-osis,

-itic ; -aid; -onite, chronic inflammation of the

lungs due to inhaling coal-dust;

-ine,

from coal

(Chem.). Anthropo- (avOpoyrros man),

-graphy ; -id;
-lite,

anthrop-ic ; anthropo-geny ; a petrified human body; -logy ; -metry ; -morphism, representation of the Deity as -patJdc, subhaving human form and attributes
;

passions; -phagy, -pJiagous ; -tomy ; phil-antJiropy ; mis-. instead of), Anti, ant- (avri against, opposite to anti-,
;

ject to

human

combining form
ious
;

v.

second part of word,

ant-

arctic ; -arcJdsm, -acid, -agonist, -epileptic,

anti-bil-

-climax; -cJirist ; -dote ; -logy, a contradiction in terms or ideas -patJiy ; -pJion ; -pode ; -septic.
;

Aorist, v. hor-.

Aorta (aopr-q the aorta or great artery), aort-ic, aort-itis. Aphro- (a<j)pds foam). Aphro-dite (born of the foam), Gk. goddess corresponding to Lat. Venus hermapJiro-dite, v. herm- ; apJirite, a variety of calcite,
;

earth foam; aphiizite, a variety of black tourmaline.

Apo-, ap(h)- (avro from, in comp. has often idea of sepasecond part of word), apo-calypse ; ration v.
;

-carpous

-cope;
;

-crypha

-dictic ;

-logy;

-plexy ;

-siopesis ; -stasy
-tJieosis ;

-stle (v. stel};

;

-strophe ; -thecary ;
-Jiaeresis.

ap-helimn

-korism

46

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

-aract (apdaa-w dash to pieces), cat-aract Arch- (apxr) a beginning, rule; ap^a to rule, be first). arch-, a prefix = chief, head arch-angel ; -bishop
;

(v.

scop-) orders of
-iator,

-deacon

(v. diac-]

-diocese ; -iery, high

ecclesiastics

in

the

Russian Church
to

chief

physician.

Added

many

purely

English words, as -enemy; -fiend, etc. conal ; -episcopacy; -grapJier, a chief

archi-dia-

secretary;

-pelago, originally the Aegean Sea, i.e. the chief sea to the Greeks, hence any sea, like the Aegean,

studded with islands

tonic,

-tect,

master workman
of

-tec-

-tectnre.

arche-biosis, production

living

from non-living matter; -gony, spontaneous generation

;

-logy

-type
tetr-.

an-archy ;
archo-zoic.

Jiept-; hicr-; olig-;

mon-; polem-;
ancient),

chaism.

archae- (ap^alo? archae-an ; -o-logy, -ist ; archa-ic ; ararchon (dp^wv, -ovrot a ruler), archon-tic.

Arct- (ap/cros a bear), arctic, ant-; arct-urus (thr. Lat., fr. ovpo<f a guard), the bear-ward, a constellation.

Areo-

Lat. Mars). "Apeto? ("A/077<? Ares, god of war Trdyos Areopagus ; hill of Mars, on the west side of Acropolis at Athens highest court of justice
; ;

pagite,

-itic.

Argon,

v. erg-.

Argyr-

(apyvpos

silver).

Jiydr-argyrnm,

water

silver,

quicksilver. Aristo- (apiaro? best),

Aristo-tle, n.p.

aristo-cracy, -crat, -ic ;

-archy

Arithm- (apiQ^o^ number). aritJi-mancy divination by numbers; -metic ; -ma-meter; log-aritJim. Arom- (apwfjia spice), aroma, -tic, -tize ; -tons.
,

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Arsen, arren (apai]v or
its

47

cipprjv
;

male),
-ions,

arsen-ic,

owing

to
;

powerful properties

-iate or -ate, a salt of arsenic acid

;

containing arsenic -ite, arsenious

;

oxide arrenotokos, producing only males. Arsis (apats a raising or lifting, rise of the voice on the accented syllable of a foot opposed to thesis, the
;

unaccented

part).

Arter- (aprrjpia the windpipe), artery (thr. Lat.), supthe ancients to be a ramification of the posed by

windpipe because found empty after death

al ; -alize
; -o-logy ; -o-tojny ; arter-itis.

arteri-

Arthr- (apdpov a joint).

pain);
-osis,

artJir-itic ;

-itis ;

-odynia (o&vvr)

articulation in a joint.

Asc- (aoveo? a leathern bag, bladder), ascus, pi. asci (because thr. late Lat.), a spore case. Ascidium, (i) a

which sea-squirts belong; (2) (Bot.) a pitcher-shaped organ or appendage

genus of tunicates
to
(acrtciSiov

dimin. of aoveo'?); ascidian. asco-gonium, the organ in which the asci are developed -spore, a spore produced in an ascus.
;

Ascet-

(aatcea)

exercise

ao-K-qr^

one who exercises,

trains),

ascct-ic, -icism.

Aster, astr- (aa-Tijp a star),

aster, a genus of plants with radiated composite flowers (i.e. starlike); aster-ia, a variety of sapphire -ialite, a fossil starfish -isk ;
; ;

-ism, (i) a small cluster of 'stars; (2) three asterisks -oid ; -oidea, the order to which starfish be;

long

-o-lepis,

huge
;

fossil

fish

Astraea,

the

goddess of justice; the fifth planetoid; astral ; astrite, a star-stone astro-gcny, the meteoric evolution of the heavenly bodies -labe, an instrument
;

48

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
used for taking altitude of stars; -lithology, study -logy, -ic, -er ; -metry ; -nomy ; -scope, an instrument on which the constellations were deof meteorites
;

lineated.

Cf. dis-aster (Lat. dis

and astrum,

fr.

Gr.

aa-Tijp),

arising from unlucky planet.

Asthma (aa-0/j.a a panting, gasping); -tic. Athen- ('AO^vrj Athene, goddess of knowledge,
etc.

Minerva; according to tradition 'AOf/vai Athens was named after her). Athenaeum, Lat. fr. 'AOyvaiov temple of Athene, hence any institution or club for

= Lat.

arts,

encouragement of

art or literature.

Atla- ("ArXa?, -ai>ro<? (i) a god, Atlas, who held up the pillars of heaven. (2) Later, a Titan who upheld Mt. Atlas in Western Africa, the pillar of heaven).
atlas (so called

bearing the world)

from pictures of Atlas on cover the first vertebra of the neck

;

(because it upholds the skull); Atlantean, like Atlas atlantes, figures of men, used as columns
;

A tlantic.
Atmo(aryuo'<?

smoke, vapour),
of

separation

measuring
-spheric.

gases the rate

;

-meter,

atmo-logy ; -lysis, the an instrument for

-sphere;

of

evaporation;

Auto -(auT0?

self),

aut-archy

-hentic (from avdevrr]^ the

; ;

auto-, -combining form auto -biography ; -carpous (Bot), consisting of pericarp alone; -chthon, q.v. -cracy, -crat ; -gamy,
;

real perpetrator or doer)

-graph; -math, a self-maton, -matic, -matism ; -morperson phism, the description of one's own characteristics
self-fertilization;
;

-genous

taught

to another;

-nomy; -phagy ;

-type.

aut-opsy,\>ox-

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
sonal observation
tion.
;

49

tauto (ravro

hence, a post-mortem examina= TO avro the same), tauto-logy,

-logize, -logic, -logons ; -pJiony.

e.g.

Many

hybrid words,
proposition).

auto-mobile.
claim,

Axiom (a^lw^a a
axiom-atic.

a self-evident

Bacchus (Ba/e^o? god of wine). Derivatives through Lat. baccJiic ; BaccJms, bacchanal, a devotee of Bacchus, a reveller, a riotous bacchanalian, -ian,
-ianism.

Bacterion ((3aKTr)piov a
rpov).
Ball-, bol-,

staff,

stick,

diminutive of /3a;;

bacteritim, a micro-organism bacteriology. blem- (/SaXXety to throw, /3Xr)/ia something

thrown),

ballismns, St. Vitus's dance

ballista,

an

engine for hurling stones in ancient and medieval warfare ballistics ; dia-bolical, cf. p. 33 Jiyper; ;

bole
ble ;

para-bola, -boloid ; para-bole, a simile

para-

referring to (i) obstruction of a blood-vessel, (2) insertion of days or months in a year, bolide, a meteoric stone,

symbol ; embolism,

-bolic,

-ise,

emblem ; problem
rocks (/3eXo? a
Baptizein (/3a7rTt'&>

bclemnite, a fossil found in chalk

tiart).

to
;

dip).

Baptist;

Ana-baptist ;

baptism, -ise, etc. baptistry. Barbara- (iSdpftapos one who speaks

unintelligibly, a

barbarian}. Derivatives through Latin, barbarism, rhu barb the use of foreign or obsolete words,
(thr.

Fr.

and Lat,
i.e.

lit.

the barbarian plant from

the Rha, Baro- (/Sapo?

the Volga).
/3a/au<?

weight,

heavy).

baro-grap/i,

an

instrument for registering fluctuations in atmos-

50
pheric
-scope
;
;

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
pressure
;

-logy

-meter,
to

-metric,

etc.

bary-centric,

pertaining

the centre of
a step). the

gravity -tone. Bas-, bat-, bet (root /3a in

basis
;

/3amo

to go,

/3ao-t<?

basic

basidinm, a spore-bearing

cell in

fructification of

mushrooms; ana-basis;

cata- basis ;

stylo-bat; a-dia-batic (i.e. not to be passed through), without gain or loss of heat, used of bodies changing volume hyper-baton, a figdia- betes ; aero-bat;
;

ure by which words are placed in an unusual position. Basil- (/3a<nA.ev<? king), basilisk, a crested snake basilica
;

the palace of the (orig. then an aisled public building of the Romans, king, on the model of which Christian churches were
97

ficHTiXiicr)

(nod or

olicia

built);

basilicon,

a kind of ointment;

so

named
;

from
-la try,

its

reputed sovereign virtues.

Bible, -lical ; biblio-grapky

Biblio- (fiiftXiov a book).

worship; -mancy ; -mania; -phile ; a dread of books; -pole, a dealer in rare -phobia, books -tJieca, a library.
;

book

Bio-

(/3tb<?

life),

doctrine
science

of of

bio-graphy, -er ; -logy ; -dynamics, the vital forces -genesis ; -nomy, the
;

living functions; -metry. -bian, -bions ; symbiosis; micro-be.

(/3\a(T(f>rifjLia

ampJii-bia,

Blasphem-my.

evil speaking),

blasphem-e, -ous,

through O.Fr., blame. blasto-derm ; odonto-blast ; Blast- (/SXao-To? bud, germ),

Cf. blame,
osteo- ; piano- ; sarco-, zoo-.

Blem-, v. ball-. Blenn- (/3XeWa mucus). blennorrJiagia. with mucous-covered scales.

blenny, a fish

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Bol-, v. ball-.

51

Boreas (ftopeas the north wind), hypcr-borean. Botan- (ftoTcivri grass, herbs), botan-y ; -ical ;

-ist.

Brachy- (/3/ja^w short),

conciseness
brach
in

brachy-cephalic ;
;

brachy-logy,
;

expression

amphi-bracJi

tri-

www.
broin-ine,
;

Brom- (/3/9&>/u,o<? stench). ments -ic, -ide, -ism

;

one

of

the eleof bromic

-ate,

compound

acid with a base.

Broma

(fipwfjLa
;

-aro? food),

chocolate
bean.

broma, a preparation of bromato-grapJiy, a disquisition on foods

tJieo-bromine, a substance

found in the chocolate

bronch-ial,

Bronchia (fipoyxia
-it is ;

the

bronchial

tubes),

broncJio-cele,
full

a goitre; -tomy.

Bryo- (fipvw be

of, swell), em-bryo ; -logy; -geny, science dealing with the formation of embryos.

bu-centaur, a fabulous monster, Bu-, bos- (/Sou? an ox), half ox and half man the state barge of Venice
;

Bucephalus^ the

horse of
;

Alexander the Great

bn-colic (/3ou/coXo? ox-herd)

;

bu-crane, a sculptured

ox-head bosphorus, lit. ox passage, originally applied

to several straits
;

cf.
;

of a

hundred oxen

hecatom-b, a sacrifice of victims. any large

;

Oxford
bubo
;

number

Bub- (ftovjSdw the groin),

Bui(/rtoiA,?;

bubonic.
a-bulia, loss of will.
butyr-ic,

will; plan, council),

/3oi)9

Butyr- (ftovrvpov butter,

rvpds cheese),
;

pertaining to or derived from butter -in or -ine, a butter -aceons, -ous. liquid occurring in butter
;

(thr. Lat. butyruni).

Cac- (icaKof, bad),

cac-hacmia, bad state of the blood

52

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
coco-demon; -graphy ; -phonous ; -trophy.
-logy,

bad choice of words;

Cain-, cene- (icaivd?, new), eo-cene (dawn of the

recent) (Geol.),

caino-zoic (Geol.), tertiary; a division

of the tertiary system, in which first traces of mio- (/-teiW existing species of shells are found the middle tertiary strata plio- (TrXetW more), less),
;

the more recent tertiary deposits

Cal- (/mXe'co call),
ecclesia, v. -clete.

kainite.

Cal-, call-, kal- (/caXoV beautiful

graphy
li-ope

calli-sthenic

/caXXo? beauty), callicalo-type, a photographic

;

process; -mel

(/u,e'Xa<?);

kal-cido-scope, -scopic ; Cal-

(+

o-fy

voice), n.p.,

Muse

that presides over

eloquence and heroic poetry. Calyc- (/caXu, gen. -VKOS the calyx of a flower), calycanthemous (Bot.), having petal-like sepals; calyx and its derivatives are often confounded with Lat.
calix, a cup,

which

is

derived from Kv\ig a drinking-

cup.
Calyp-, calyb- (/caXuTrreo cover, hide), calyb-ite (fr. ica\vj3r) a hut), one of a class of early Christians who
lived in huts
;

calyptr-a, a veil

-ate (Bot.),

having

calyptra

apo-calypse

(aTroKaXtiTrro)

uncover),

-calyptic.

Canister (tcdvicrrpov, Lat. canistrum, a wicker basket). Canon (icavwv, gen. -o^o<? a rod or ruler hence, metaph.
;

rule, rule of faith, rule of the

church, regular minis-ist, -istic, -ize.

ter of the church), canon, -ical, Canopy (thr. Lat. fr. rcavwTrelov an

Egyptian bed with

curtains,

fr.

KWW^

a gnat).

Carat,

v. cer.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

53

Cardi- (tcap^ta the heart, the stomach), cardia, the opening that admits food into the stomach ; -c, of or

pertaining to the heart or cardia cardi-algia, heartburn; card-itis ; cardio-id ; cardio-grapJi, instrument for recording motions of the heart endo-cardinm,
;
;

the lining of the heart

-cardiac

peri-cardium

Observe forperi- card-itis ; myo-carditis, v. my-. -itis mation of these medical terms inflamma;

tion of.

Carpo-

(/ca/37ro? fruit),

carpo-lite,

fossil fruit;

-logy

-phagous ; endo-carp, the inner wall of a pericarp peri-, the epi-, the outer skin of fruits (Bot.)
; ;

ovary or fruit producing two kinds of

ripened
Castanets

covering.
fruit.

amplii-carpic,

(fr. resemblance to chestnuts) and Chestnuts. Both words corrupted thr. Fr. and Lat. fr. icdcrTavov a chestnut, fr. Kda-rava a city of Pontus, noted for
its

chestnut trees.
;

cata-, cat-

(Kara down, against often merely a strengthening prefix, v. second part of word), cata caustic ;
-clysm
lons
;
;

-comb

; -lectic;

-lepsy

-logne

; -lysis ;

-peta-

-phonics
;

-plasm;

-pult (thr.

Lat.

f r.

Gr.

-rrh, v. rJieo- ; -stasis ; -strophe ; catKaraTreXrrj^) acoustics ; -anadromons ; -aract ; cat-echism, -ise,
-ist,

-umen ;

cat-egory, -ical ; -optrics

cat-hedra, -I ;
-ize ; -holicon

-heretic;

-Jieter ;

-hode ;

-Jiolic,

-ism,

= panacea.
Cathar- (tcaOapo's pure), cathar-sis, a purging, -tic ; -tine, the purgative principle of senna; Katharine, n.p.
caust-ic, Caust-, caut- (/caiw burn, adj. /cafo-ro? burnt), a hot, searing iron -ant, -ism, -ize, -icity ; canter,
;

54
-y
;

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
cata-caustic, a caustic curve
;

tion

dia-, that

which

is

caustic

formed by reflecby refraction, as

;

the sun's rays through a convex lens; en-, pertaining to the art of burning in colours on glass, etc.

ink (Gr. eyfcavarov

Lat. incanstum

vitriol

and

oak
inkt).

galls

mixed

in

heat;

Ital. inchiostro ;

Dutch

holo-caust.

Centaur (K&Tavpos a monster half man and half horse). bti-centaurt a monster half ox and half man.
Centre(tcei/Tpov

a goad, point, centre of circle).

Lat.

centrum, from which come many derivatives. Cephal- (Ke<$>d\r) the head), cephal-algy ; -ate, having a distinct head (Zool.), as a mollusk -ic ; -itis, inflammation of the brain. cephalo-meter ; -tomy ; -pod, a mollusk having tentacles attached to the head
;
;

-id;

Bu-cephalus.
etc.
etc.

cephalic,

-cepJialons,
;

suffixes

used in Zool.,
microCer;

brachy-

dolicho- ;

macro-

rhino-ceros ; mono-. gen. /ce/>aro<? a horn), carat (tcepdriov, diminutive of icepas, hence a^ little horn, the fruit of the locust tree used as a
(/cejoa?,

weight

thr.

Fr.

and Arabic),
clay),

cerastes,

horned

serpent.

Ceram- (Wpa//o<? potter's

pottery Cero- (tempos
-plastic,
;

ceram-ic, pertaining to
-ic ;

-ics.

wax;

cf.

Lat. cerd].
in

cero-graphy,

-ist,

modelled

wax;

ccro-tic ; -xylon, the

wax

palm. Chaos (%ao? space), chaos; chaotic. lit. Character (^apaKrr^p character
;

impress,

print,

character),

-is fie, -ize.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Chads
(x<*P L s favour, thanks),
,

55
-istic.

cn-charist,

Chem
Chili
,

v. chyl-.

(^I\LQL, adj., %tXta9, noun, a thousand). a thousand, especially of years; chili-arch ; chiliad,

kilo-

Chir

kilo-gram (thr. Fr.), -litre, -metre ; -stere. the hand). (%et'jQ chir-urgeon, surgeon

-agra

chiro-graph, -er ; -gymnast ; -logy; -mancy ; -nomy, the art of gesticulation; -plast ; -podist ; allo-chiria.

Chloros

(%X<y/3o'<?),

pale green,
to

clilor-ine ; cJilor-ic ; chlor-

ide ;

clilor-idize,

cover with chloride of silver;

of

chlor-iodic,
chlor-ite,
(fr.

compounded

chlorine
;

and iodine

mineral of green colour cliloro-form chlorine + formyl, like many chemical terms

chloro-ma, a greenish tumour -meter, an instrument for measuring the bleaching power of a substance -phane, a fluorspar -p/iyll,
artificially

formed)

-sis, the colouring matter of plants a disease of plants; -tic; chloral green sickness,

the green

(chlorin alcohol). Choi- (%oX?7 gall, bile, anger), chole-ic, pertaining to cJwler ; cholera, -aic ; cJioler-ine, the precurbile
;

sory symptoms of cholera Chondr- (^oVS/ao? a corn, grain

cJiondro-logy
;

melan-choly.

chondritis ; cartilage), -grapJiy, a treatise on cartilage -id,

;
;

-meter, a steelyard for drium, that part of the

ribs
;

weighing grain kypo-chonabdomen beneath the false

;

Jiypo-cJiondria, -iac.

Chor- (%(bpa, %copo? a country, place). cJioro-logy ; -graphcr. Chor- (%o/oo9 a dance, choral dance). cJior-agus ; chor-al ; w ^ _; chor-ist, ister; chor-ic ; choir chor-iainbus

(thf.

Lat); Terpsi-chore,

n.p.

56
Chord-

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Lat. chorda, chord, mono(%o/)8?7 a string). chord, instrument with one string only poly-chord,
;

harpsi-chord ; cord (thr. Lat.); cordage

cordelier, a

Franciscan
Chris- (%/>

friar (f r. his girdle)

cordite.
;

chrism, holy oil chrismal ; chrianoint), som, linen anointed with oil; Christ, -en, -endom,
-ening, -ian, -ianity, -ianize, -ology; Christopher, n.p.

Chrom- (%/ow/ia, -aro? colour). chromo-scope ; -logy ; chrome ; chromium, a metal c/iromate, a salt chromato-meter ; -phore, one of of chromic acid
; ;

the pigment cells in animals -sis, discoloration of the skin chroma-trope, an arrangement in a magic
;
;

lantern for producing changing colours

lithograph, hence chromo
;

chromo-

chromo-sphere, gaseous
;

envelope surrounding the sun

chromo-typograph

chromnle, colouring matter in plants, except chlorophyll; chromatic (Mus.) proceeding by semi-tones
(the intermediate tones were originally printed in
colours); mono-chrome ; mono-chro-matic, presenting rays of light of one colour only poly-chrome, -atic ;
;

photo-chromy ; iso-chromatic ; di-chromatic ; a-chromatic.

Chron- (xpovos time), chron-ic ; chroni-cle, -cler ; cJironobarometer ; -gram, inscription in which date is
expressed by
letters,

-grapJi,

-er ;

-logy

-meter,

-metric, -metry ; -pher, a contrivance for conveying time by electricity; -scope; ana-chronism, -istic; iso-chronism ; tauto-chrone, a curve such that a

body

rolling

down

it

from any point

in

it

will
;

always reach the lowest point in the same time

syn-chronize, -ism,
-istic.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Chrys(x/>ucro'<?

57
chrys-antJie-

gold).

chrys-alis, -alid ;

mum ;
ivory
;

chryselephantine^ overlaid chrysolite, a mineral.

with gold

and

Chthon (x0wv, xOovos the earth). cJitJionian, springing from the earth anto-chtkon, an original inhabitant
;
;

Melan-cthon, n.p. = Ger. Scliwarzerdc, lit. black earth.

Chyl-,

chym-, chem- (%eo> pour; hence, %uXo<? juice, xvpos juice, liquid), c/iyl-e, -ons and numerous hybrid words, cJiyli-faction, -ferous, etc.
digestive juice
;

(Lat. facio, fero}.

etc.
;

chym-e, -ons ; cliymi-(ficatioii),

soft,

par-en-chyma,
etc.

cellular

tissue,

pith of

plants.
-ist,

syn-chysis (Rhet), confusion.

thr. Fr.

c/iem-ical,

-istry,

(older form, alchemy, etc.

These
%77/xeia).

words came
Cin-,

and Arab.
Kivrjfia

fr. late

Gk.

Kin-

(/az>ea>

move,

a motion),

cinemato-

graph, also kin-; cin-enchyma ( + ey^o/ua an infusion, eV-f-^eiw pour) Bot, sap-bearing tissue, -tons; kinemat-ics, the science of motion, -ic,-ical ; kin-etic,

causing motion.
Clas- (/cXao) break, /cXao-t? a breaking), ana-clastic, pertaining to the refraction of light oligo-clase (a little fracture), a kind of felspar; ortJio-, potash fel;

spar peri-, an oxide of magnesium breaker of images, -ic.

;

icono-clast, a

Clept- (/cXeTTTto steal, fut. K\e\Jr(o). cleps-ammia (a/i/^o? sand), an instrument for measuring time by sand
;

-ydra (v8(i)p water), instrument for measuring time by flow of water through an aperture, the water clock of the ancients kle-pto-mania, -c. klepJit, a
;

Greek brigand.
Cler(ic\rjpo<i

lot

an allotment, inheritance

the

53
clergy),

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
clergy
(thr.

O.

Fr.
-al ;
lot;

and

Lat.

clericia

Old Eng.

clerisy);

cleric,

clerk

(thr.

Lat.),
dis-

clero-mancy,

divination

by

-noiny (W/ia>

tribute), heritage.
clet3 in Paraclete (7rapdfc\r)To<; called to one's aid)
;

in

N.T.
Clim-,

the helper (/caXecw call)

cf. ecclcsia.

clin-, clit- (i.

;

K\ivw slope, lean, recline,

;

K\ivr)
3.

bed

2. icXi^a,

-aro? a slope; region, climate

;

K\I-

fjia%,

-a/co?

a ladder

hence

in rhetoric, a

gradual

climax), (i) clino-meter, instrument for the slant or dip of strata, -metry ; tridetermining clinic (Min.), having three axes obliquely inclined to
ascent,

one another
dip,
-al;

is o -clinic^

having the same slant or

Lat.),

tri-clinium

(thr.

a set of
;

three

dining couches used in ancient Rome clinic, -al, pertaining to a sick bed clinique, a bedside exami;

nation of a patient (these words thr. Fr. and Lat.); en-clitic, a word which leans its accent upon the one

before; (2) climate (thr. Fr. and Lat.); climat-al ; -archie, presiding over climates; -ic ; -izc ; climato-

graphy ;

-logy. (3) climax ; climact-cric, pertaining to a critical period or crisis.

Clys- (/cXu&>

wash

over),

clyster ;

clysmic,

washing,

cleaning; cata-clysm, deluge, catastrophe. Cocco- (KOKKOS a berry), cocco-lite, a kind of pyroxene minute disks, fossil remains of algae found -liths,
;

in Atlantic ooze
liths
;

-sphere, a spherical

mass of cocco-

coccus (Bot), one of the separate divisions of a schizocarp (a lobed fruit with one-seeded cells); cochineal (because Gr. KOKKOS was used to obtain a
scarlet

dye;

thr. Sp.

and

Lat.).

A.

MINIMUM OF GREEK
large
intestine,

59
colon).
colic

Col-

(KO\OV
(thr.

the

the

Lat);

col-itis.

Coll- (/co'XXa

glue),

coll-odion

(eZSo<?),

-ize.

proto-col,

the original copy of a writing, as of a despatch or osteo-colla ; taitrotreaty, -ist, a registrar or clerk
;

coll.

Colon (icwXov a limb,

member

member
;

or clause in a

sentence), cf. the Colossus Colosso- (/coXocro-09 a gigantic statue coloss-al ; Coloss-eum (Lat.), the Flaat Rhodes),

semi-colon.

vian amphitheatre, the largest in Rome. f r. a copulative -coluth, v. acolutJi (aKoXovdeco to follow and /ce\v0o<f a path).
;

Com-

a revel, merry making, festal song), comic, en-comium (eyKw/juov song of praise); -comiast, -ic ; comedy (/ctu/Lu8ta, /CCO/AO? + aet'8&> sing). Coma (/cw/ia, -arc? a deep sleep cf Koi^dco to lull to comat-ose ; cf. cemetery (thr. Fr. and Lat. rest),
(/coyio?

-al ;

fr.

KOi/jiT)T)jpiov

a sleeping-room).

Comb, Comet
Cop-

v.

cymb.
a comet
;

(/co/*?7T?7?

Ko^aa

to

have long

hair).

Comma-,

v. cop.

(/coTTTco cut, Kofji/^a,

something cut

a short clause in

a sentence), apo-cope, the omission of the last letter or syllable of a word -copate ; syn-cope, elision of
;

letters or

a syllable from the middle of a word,

-copize
;

-copate, -copist,

peri-cope,

an extract from

the Scripture.

comma.
coprolite,
etc.
;

Copro- (/coVpo? dung).

Cord,
pJiagan, dung-beetle, v. chord.

fossil

dung

copro-

ornitJiocopros,

guano.

60 Cosmoits

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
(/coV/^o?

order

hence the world or universe, from

;

perfect arrangement Kocr^ea) to adorn), cosm-ic, -a!, pertaining to the universe ; -ism, the theory of the universe or cosmos, esp. the doctrine of evolution.

cosmo-gony, origin of the universe, -gonist,

;

-graphy ; -latry ; -logy ; -me try ; pertaining to the formation of the world
-gonic

-plastic,
;

-polite,

-politan ; -sphere, an instrument for showing position of the earth with respect to the fixed stars
;

pantheism cosm-orama, an optical exhicosm-etic. bition of drawings of the world. Cothurn- (/coOopvos the cothurnus or buskin, a kind of
-theism
;

shoe worn by Gr. and Rom. tragedians),

ate, tragical, stilted.

cothnrn-

f r. KOTv~\.r) Cotyledon (KOTvXrjBwv any cup-like hollow a cup), one of the seed-lobes of the embryo plant;
;

-ous,

having a seed lobe

skull),

a-cotyledonous ; mono-, di-,

poly-.

Cranio- (Kpdvwv

cranium

(thr.

Lat.)

cranial ;

cranio-logy, -logist ; -meter, -metry ; -scopy, examination of the skull migraine, me~grim (corrupted
;

fr.

rjpiKpavia, thr. Fr.

and

Lat.),

nervous headache

on one side of the head.

Cras(tcepavvv/jii

constitution of

crasis (i) the mix, /cpaais a mixing), the blood (2) the coalescence of
;

two vowels

into

one long one or diphthong.

dys-

crasy, distemperature of the bodily juices. erase, a mineral.

poly-

Crat- (Kpareco be strong, rule),

aristo-crat, -cracy ; auto- ;

;

physio-, the doctrine that wealth consists entirely in land and its

demo-

kiero-

ochlo-,

mob-rule

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
products
;

6l

thco- ; pluto-;

timo-,

a state in which

honours are awarded according to the amount of panproperty one has (jwf] honour, assessment). in ancient Greece a gymnastic contest cratium, that combined wrestling and boxing -cratic, ath;

letic

-cratist.

Hybrid compounds not unfrehence

quent; e.g. burean-cracy. Crater (icpar-ijp, cf. eras-, a mixing vessel, cup; the crater of a volcano).
Crea-, creo- (repeat, gen. -aro? flesh), saviour; hence preserver of flesh,
tic qualities).

creo-sote (crambo

from

its

antisep-

creat-ine,

an organic substance obpan-creas, -creatic.

tained from muscular tissue.

Cris-,
crit;

point

-aster,

separate, judge; Kpi<n$ a deciding a judge), crisis ; critic, -a/, -ism, -ize ; KpiTrjs a worthless critic critique (thr. Fr.), an
(icpivw
;

examination or estimate of a work of

etc.

art, literature,

hypo-crite (irn-oKpiT^

an

actor).

dia-critic,

-ical, separating, distinctive.

Cryo-, crystal- (/cpvo? frost

KpvaraXXos

ice),

cryo-gen,

a freezing mixture

-lite,

a fluoride of sodium and

aluminium
fall of

-phorus, an instrument for showing temperature in water by evaporation crys; ;

tal ; crystall-ine, -ize ; crystallo-geny, the science of the production of crystals; -genie; -graphy, -ic ;

-id ; palaeo-crystic ; micro-crystalline.

Cryph-,

crypt ; cryptic, hidden, crypt- (/C/OUTTTW hide), secret crypto-gam (v. -gam), -ic, -ist, -ous, -y ; -gram,
; ;

something written in secret characters -graphic, -y ; -nym, secret name crypto-logy, secret language Apocrypha^ i.e, hidden, genctic, of hidden origin
;

62

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
krypton, one of the inert constituents of the atmosphere. Grotto is really the same word as crypt, after coming through Ital. and

unrecognized writings

Lat.

cf

also grot, the Fr. grotte.

Cyan- (KVCLVOS cyanos, a dark-blue substance used to adorn works in metal), cyan-ean, dark blue -ine,
;

a blue colouring matter; -o-meter, instrument for measuring intensity of blue in sky, etc. -o-typc, a
;

photo obtained by the use of prussian blue -o-gen, a gas composed of one atom of nitrogen and one of carbon -ic, pertaining to cyanogen -ide, a com;
;

pound
-osis,

of the

same

-ite,

a silicate of aluminium
is

a disease in which the skin

of

livid

blue.

Cyclo- (KVK\OS a wheel, a circle). Cycl-ops (w-fy eye), one of a race of giants who had one huge eye in
centre of forehead, -opean, -opic ; cyclo-grapJi ; -id, a curve described by a point in the circumference of a circle revolved on a straight line -meter ; -ne,
;

cycl-omma, ^. circular panorama; -sis, circulation of blood or other fluid -stomous (Zo.), having a circular mouth -style, instrument for multiply;
; ;

-nic

bi-cycle, cyclist ; tri- ; en-cyclic ; en-cyclo-paedia (-jratSeta edu;

ing copies of letters

cation,
f r.

-paedia

= encyclo-}.

?rat?

a boy)

epi-cycle,

a circle whose
a

centre

moves round
circle.

in

the

circumference of

greater

Cymb-, comb (Kvpfir) a hollow, a cup), cymbal and Lat.); cata-comb (thr. Fr. and Lat.). Cyna
(KVCOV,

(thr. Fr.

gen. KVVO? a school of ancient

dog).

Cyn-ic,

orig.

one of
despised

philosophers

who

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
riches,

63

So called from pleasures, science, etc. or snarling -ical, -icism. grumbling Cynosure (gen. of KVWV -{- ovpa a tail, lit. a dog's tail),
their
;

the constellation of the Little Bear.

It

contains the

Pole star

often

looked for by mariners, hence

cystic; cystitis; cystotomy,e\.c.

something that attracts attention.

Cyst(tcvo-Tts

a bladder),

hollow vessel), cyto-blast, cytoid, like a cell cyto-genesis. Dacryo- (Sdicpvov a tear).
Cyto- (KVTOS
;

cell-nucleus;

Dactyl- (SdKTvXos finger),

dactyl
;

(so called

fr.

resemblance

to

bones of finger)
;

engraver of finger rings -logy, with fingers di-dactyle, -ylous ; ptcro-dactyl.

;

dactylio-glyph, an art of conversing

Dec, doch- (de^o/uat receive, ^0^77 reception); pan dect, a treatise that contains the whole of any science
;

synec-doche, a figure in which the whole for a part, or vice versa, -dochical.

is

taken
deca-

Deca

(Betca
;

ten).

decadal;

decade;

deca-gon
;

gram deca-gynons, having ten pistils dec-androns, having ten stamens; deca-Jiedron ; -litre; -logue,
-logist ; -metre; -sticli ; -style ; -syllabic.

Deic-, dig-, diet- (BeiKvvjju to show),

direct

argument

deictic, proving by para-digm, tabular example apo; ;

deixis, absolute proof

strative.

apodictic

cpidictic,

demon-

Dem-

(Sfjpos people), dem-agogne, -agogism, -agogic ; 77/^09 demi-urge (lit. a worker for the people belonging to the people), a maker or creator, -urgic ; demo-cracy, -crat, -cratize ; dcmo-grapJiy ; demo- tic ;
;

en-dem-ic, peculiar to a people,

-ial,

-ically,

-icity,

64

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
en-demio-logy
;

epi-dem-ic, -io-grapJiy, -io-logy

demic

pan-

epi-.

Demon

(Sat/jLwv
;

a deity,

spirit),

demon, -ism,

-ize,

demo-

niac

demono-latry,

demon worship;

-logy; pan-

demonium.
Dendr- (SevSpov a
tree),

dendr-achate (a%ar?7? agate),

moss agate
a fossil

dendri-{form)\ dendro-id ; dendro-lite, plant -logy; -meter; RJwdo-dendron.

; ;

Derma

(Sep^a, -aro? skin), true skin, -al, -atic, -ic

-pliyte,

derma, dermis, or derm, the dermato-id ; -legist, -logy ;

;

dermoplant that grows on the skin the horny outer covering of many aniskeleton, mals, e.g. armadillo pacJiy-derm, thick-skinned
a
;

animal, -atous

epi-dermis

Jiypo-dermic.

Des-

(BaiofjLai,
tic, -al.

distribute,

measure),

geo-desy ; geode-

Desm-, det-

dctos SeroV Seo-/Lio'<? a bond branch of physiology dealing bound), desmo-logy, with ligaments -graphy ; desm-id, one of the group
(Se'a>

to

bind desmos
;

of microscopic algae; syn-detic; a-syn-deton

poly-

syn-deton.

Despotes
-ize.

(Secr-TroTT??

master,

ruler),

despot,

-ic,

-ism,

Deutero-

(Seurepo?

second).

dentero-gamist,

-gamy ;

Dentero-nomy ; -patJiy, a sympathetic affection of one part of the body with another.
Dia- (Sid through),
aeresis (v. haer-)
dia-bolical, cf. p. 33; -caustic
;

di;

dia-gnose, -osis

-gonal ; -gram

-graph;

-lect,
;

-lectic ;

-meter;

-pJianous ;

-rrJioea;

-tribe; -tonic

-logue

di-electric,

which

electric induction takes place,

substance through di-orama.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Diacon- (Sidicovos a servant, minister), con-ate ; deacon (thr. Lat).
Die- (8 tier) right, justice),

"

65
diacon-al ; dia-

dicast ; syn-dic, -ate; theo-dicy.

fr.

Didakt- (Si^a/crd? taught,

Diet (Staira
life,

SiSdo-fcco

teach),

didactic.

mode

of

life),

diet, -ary, -ic, -ist.

Diphthera

(&i<f>de'pa skin,

leather, a leathern coat),

diphfalse

theria,

from the throat becoming coated with membrane.

Diplo- (SiTrXo'o?, StTrXoO? twofold), diploma, lit. a folded document dipl-opia, a disease of the eye which makes things appear double diploe, soft sub;

stance between the plates of the skull repetition of an initial word.

Dis-,

ana-diplosis,

di-

(i<?

twice),
;

dis-syllabic
;

di-stich,

-ons

di-

tJiyrambus

di-tom

-ptcrous, -al,
;

-ize ; -petalous ;

-androus

Diptera ; phtJiong, -meter ; -oxide ; -pJiyllous ;

-cotyledonoiis ;

-lemma

(v. lab}.

Disc-

(3tWo? a quoit). disk(\.\\r. Lat., cf. dish}] dis-co-id. Dodeka (SwSe/ea twelve = Bvco -f e/ea). dodeca-gon, -al ; dodeca-gyn, plant having twelve styles, -ian ; dodecander, -rous, plant having twelve stamens
-Iicdron, petalons, having twelve petals dox- (BoKea) think Bdypa, -aro? opinion Dog-,
; ; ;

dodeca-

-ral.

So'|a

opin-

ion, glory),

dox ;
glory.

dogma, dogmat-ic, -ism, -ist, -ize ; orthoIietero-dox ; para-dox ; doxo-logy, a giving of

a house).
Cf.

Domos

(So'/^o?

Lat. domus, which

is

the

source of

many
dose

scientific derivatives.

Dos-, dot-, -dor ((i) Si&y/u to give

pov

gift),

(2) wfor measurdosimeter, apparatus

;

So'ais

a giving

ing doses;

doso-logy ; apo-dosis (v. protasis under

66
ten-};

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
an-ec-dote,
;

particular fact

anti-dote.

not given out, hence a secret, (3) TJiermi-dor, eleventh

first

month
n.p.

of

the year during

TJico-dore, n.p.
n.p.
;
;

French Republic,
;

-dorian;
;

Doro-thea, n.p.

Doris,

Dora,

Pan-dora, n.p.

drama, dramat-ic, -ist, -ise ; -nrgy ; mclo-drama ; drastic. Drom- (Bpdpos a race), dromedary (thr. Fr.). drom-ic, -al. hippo-drome ; peri-drome, the open space between the columns and walls of a building surrounded with columns ortJio-dromy, the art of
;

Dra- (Bpao) to do),

sailing in a direct line, -dromic

cf.

loxo-dromics.

palin-drome, a word or sentence that is the same read backwards or forwards, e.g. the epitaph, " Shall we all die? shall die all. All die shall

We

we.

Die

all

we

shall."

Dul- (SoOXo? a slave), dnlia, worship paid in the Roman Catholic Church to angels, saints, etc. Jiyper-dulia, special worship given to the Virgin Mary.
;

Dyad- (8vw two), a pair cf. dodcka. Dyn- (Swaficu be able, have power), dynam-ic, -ics, -ical ; dynam-ite ; dynam-o ; dynamo-meter, -metric ;
;

dyne, a unit of force

iso-dynamic, having equal

-ia,
-ic.

form; dynasty,
Dys-

-tic;

a-dynamy,

(Svs- un-, mis-, bad), dys-entery ; dys-logistic, censorious dys-opsy, defective vision dys-pepsia ; dyspnoea, difficulty of breathing.
;

Dyt- (Svw enter, dive),

tered)
hole). EC-, v. oec-.
;

troglo-dyte, a

a-dytum, shrine (not to be encave man, -tic, -tism (rpcoyXr) a

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
EC,

67

ex

(GK,

e'f

out),

ec-centric ; ec-clesia, called out,

sum-

moned, a congregation, church, -iast, -iastic, etc. fr. Ka\ea> call ec-lcctic ; ec-lipse (e/c\eiVa) leave out)
;
;

ec-stasy

ec-zcma

ex-arch, superior bishop, -ate

ex-

egesis ; ex-odus, -odist, -odic. Ech-, och-, uch-, ex-, hect- (in e%a> have; et? a being,

condition, habit).

ep-ocJi ;

enn-uch
;

OpJii-ncJius, a

constellation, the Serpent-bearer plcon-exia, covetousness hcct-ic, habitual, constitutional, v. scJiem-.

;

Echinus (e'^^o? hedgehog),

echin
ite,

echinus

echin-ate
t

-idan

fossil sea-urchin;
;

echin~oderm -atous.

Echo

(ri'Xto

sound

/car^eco sound down, interrogate).

;

echo, -meter, -scope

eche tica I ; ca t- echu

cat-echize, -ism, -ist, istic ; cat.

m en

-eder, v. hedra.

-egory, v. agora.
-egy, v. ag-.
Eido-, idol (elSo? form, shape).'

kaleido-scope

idyll, -ic (lit.

eido-graph ; eido-scope ; a little picture). (et&o-

\QV shape, image),

-id and -o-id,
spheroid.

common

idol ; ido-latry, -trous, -ize. suffixes like, e.g. mastoid,

Eikon, icon
iconic;

(et/ccoy

figure, image, picture),

cikon, icon ;

icono-clast, -clasm, -clastic;

;

icono-grapJiy

icono- later, -latry

icono-logy.

icos-aJicdral, twenty-sided, Eikosi, ico- (eiKoat twenty). -ahedron ; icos-andria, class of plants having twenty

or

more stamens inserted

in calyx.
eiren-icon, a proposal iniren-ic, -ical,

Eiren-, iren- (elpijvr) peace),

tended to bring about peace;

ful, -ics ;

peace-

Irene, n.p.

68

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

Elae- (eXaia an olive, eXaiov olive oil), elaeo-lite, a variety of nephelite; elaeo-meter ; elain, the liquid principle of fats and oils.
Elas-, elat-

(e\avvw drive, stretch),

;

elastic, -ity ; elatry

elasticity of air, etc. for air or steam.

elatro-meter, a pressure gauge

Eleg- (e'Xe7o? song of

mourning, lament).

elegy, ele-

giac ; elegize, -ist. Elektro (rjXeKrpov amber), electro-, a prefix denoting association with electricity, cf. electro-chemistry ;
electr-ic; electr-ine,
electr-ize, -icity;

supposed principle of electricity; electro-cation (-cntion in imitation

;

of the Latin derivative exe-cutioii)

tro-logy
;

electr-ode ; elec-

-lysis;

-lyze ;

-meter,

-mctry

-pathy ;

-phone ; -scope ; -statics ; thermo-electricity, electricEleos (e\09

developed by heat, -trie. pity), eleemosynary (thr. Lat. fr. e'Xe?;poavvT] alms), given in charity, cf. Ger. almoscn, Eng. alms. Kyrie eleison, Lord have mercy upon
ity

us

a chant.
(e\e</>a9
;

Elephant-

pJiant, -ine

elepJiant-iasis,

elegen. eXe^avro? elephant, ivory), a disease of the skin.

cJirys- elephantine.

Ellipse, v.

lip.

Elys-, Elyt- (in r)\v0a, perf. of verb

meaning "to come").

TreSioi/);

Elysium, Elysian (TO 'HXvaiov

Elyse'es in Paris
;

Les cliamps
;

pros-clyte, -elytism, -ize.

En

(eV in).
el.

Lat. in.
lit.

Before

labial
;

mutes em
;

before

1,

en allage ; en-cephalic; en-craty, self-control, -cratic ; encaustic; en- cyclopedia ; en cyst ; en tomology (v. re^vw);
en-clitic,

leaning on

en-cyclical

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
en-demic
;

69

en-ergy
;

en-tJiusiasm (0eo?
;

God)
;

em-

blem

em-pJiasis

em-bryo

em-porium

em-piric ;
endo-car-parasite;

el-lipse.

Endo-, ento- (evSov within eVroV, within), diac ; -chrome; -gamy; -gen, -genous ;
;

-sperm; end-osmosis ; ento-phyte, plant growing within another plant or animal ento-parasite.
;

Ennea
Enter-

(evvea nine),
(evrepov

ennead ; ennea-gon.
enter-ate,

bowel).
;

having intestines
;

enter-ic ; enter-itis
-eor, v. meteor.

dys-entery, -enteric

mes-entery.

Eos (u?

Ionic

77(09

dawn),

eo-cene, eo-zoic.

Epi-, eph- (eVi, e$' before

"h"
;

sound,

at,

to),

ep-act

ep-anodos, enumeration

cp-antJious,

growing upon
-al ;
epi-

flowers;

ep-cxcgesis,

-getic ;
;

cp-Jiemera,
;

carp, outer skin of fruits

epi-ccne

epi-demic ; epi;

dermal, -dcrmis ; cpi-genesis ; epi-glottis ; epi-gram

epi-graph
;

epi-lcpsy
v.

cpi-logue

epi-pJiany

epi-sco;

pal ; ep-isode
cpi-thet
;

hod ;
;

epi-stle (o-reXXo));
;

epi-tapli

epi-tome
epic

(re'/xi/ty)

cp-ocJi (v. e'%&>);

cp-ode.

Epos (eVo? word),

-epist, -ic.

epopee,

an epic poem
;

ortJio-cpy,

Erem-

(e/o/7/tio?

desert),

erem-ic

erem-ite

-itic ;

her-

mit, -age (thr. Fr.).

Erg-, org-, urg- (in epyov work),

ergy, -ergistic, -ism,

ergon

;
;

cn-ergy

syn-

en ergetic.

mutual action cncrgic, -al = organ (Gr. opyavov an implement, thr.

-ist, -ize ;

Fr.\-ic',-ism,

organo-gcny

-grapJiy; -logy

en-ergumen, one possessed by an evil spirit; argon (a priv. + ep7-)> one ^ tne inert constituents of the

atmosphere; ge

orgic,

relating to agriculture

'

7O

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
chir-urgeon ; s-urgeon (conearth); Ge-orge, n.p. traction of preceding); demi-urge, a maker or
;

creator

dmmat-urgy ; thaumat- urgy,

act of per-

forming miracles; the-urgy,

Fr., XeiTovpyeo)

-ist, -ical ; lit-jirgy(\.\\r.

;

perform public services)

(thr. Fr.

-urgics,

-urgiology

metallurgy

and

late Lat.).

Eros

(e/3ft)?,

gen. e/xwro? love),

erot-ic ; eroto-mania.

erysi-pelas, -pclous ; erythErys-, eryth- (tyvdpk red), ema (Path.), a redness of the skin erytJir-ite, an
;

arseniate of copper.
-esis, v. heter.

Esthet-, v. aestJi-.

Ether, ethyl, v. Aeth-. Ethno- (eOvos a race, people),

ethn-ical,

-ic,

-ism

etlino-

geny ; -graphy ;
Ethos

-logy, -logist.
ctii-ic, -ical, -icist, -ize.

(riOos character, habit),

Etos (ero? a year), etesian, blowing at certain times of the year (of winds), periodical.

Etymo-

(eVu/io? true),

etymo-logy, -logize, -logist

ety-

mon, an original form, root. ev (e5 well), eu-calyptus (well concealed); eu-charist, Eu, the sacrament of the Lord's supper eu-demonism ; harmonic; -logy, -logist, -ize ; -patJiy ; pepsia, oppo;

dyspepsia -pJiemism, -istic, -ize ; -phonize, -phonism, -ptionious, -phonicon, a kind of piano -phua book by istn (from Gr. evtyvijs shapely, graceful in an ornate, affected style which became J. Lyly
;
; ;

site to

fashionable in Elizabeth's reign), -ist ; -rJiythmy, harmonious movement -taxy, good order -tectic, fusing easily tlianasia, easy death -trophy, healthy i\\\\.r\; ; ; ;

\xyn\ev~angel,-angelicy -angelism, -angelist(\hx. Lat.).

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Eur-, v. hcnr.

/I

Ex,

v. cc.

Exo (eo>

outside),

cxo-gen, -genous, -genetic

;

exo-patJiic

exo-plasni, outer protoplasm of a cell

cist ; exo-skeleton ; exo-teric ; ex-otic.
F-, v. ///.

ex-orcise, -or-

Galact-(7aXa, gen. 7aXa/rro9 milk), galact-ic ; -o-meter ; -o-pJiorons, producing milk gal-anthus% the snow;

drop genus

of plants

Gam- (7/i09 marriage),

poly- gamy
;

galaxy, the Milky Way. crypto-gam, a plant that has no

;

apparent or true flower, as ferns,

-ic,

-ist,

-ous

mono-gamy, -gamist, -ga-mons ; bigamy, -gamist, -gamous (a hybrid word fr. Lat. bis\

Ganglio- (ydyyXiov a swelling, tumour), ganglion, -ic. Gastr- (yaarijp, -rpds, and -repos, the belly), gastero-pod,
a molluscous animal with a ventral
of
feet;

disk

instead

gastr-ic

-itis ;

-algia

-mancy ; -nomer, -name, an -tomy ; -scope. Gen-, gon- (root gen, become, produce ytyvofiai become
-logy ;
;

gastro-enteritis ; epicure, a glut-

ton

f ut. yevrjaofjiai

7eVecri<?

origin, birth

7eW?

birth, kin-ical,
;

ship, descent
-ist,

701/0? offspring),

genea-logy,

-ize

gene-arch, chief of a family or tribe

genesis;

genesi-ology ; homo-genesis; epi-genesis, epi-gene ; genctJiliacs (yeve'dXios, pertaining to one's stars birth), the science of predicting future from
at birth.

crypto -genetic.

Jiomo-gcny, similarity of
;

nature or kind, -gcncous ; nitro-gcn

-gonic

oxy-

hydro-.

cosmo-gony, -gonist, En-gene, Dio-gcncs, n.p. ; tJieo-, the branch of mythology that deals with the genealogy of the gods, -ist. sporogo-

72

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
ninm, the organ in which the spores are devel-

Geo-

oped. (777 the earth

also Fata),

geo-centric,
;

having

ref-

erence to the earth as a centre

earth's surface, -detic, -ical ;

-desy, survey of

-cyclic,
;

pertaining to

the

revolutions

of

the

earth

-de (eZSo?

form)

(Min.), a rounded nodule of stone containing a small -gnosy, gnosis, science of the structure of cavity
;

the earth

-gnostic ; -gone, doctrine of the formation of the earth -grapJiy, -ic ; -logy, -ist, -ical ; -mancy ;
; ;

-metry, -trie ;

-nomy

-pliagism

-ponic (TTOVOS
;

toil),

pertaining to the tillage of the earth -scopy ; -tropism, tendency of a plant to send its roots toward
the centre of the earth
ge-orgic, v. erg ; George, a farmer). apo-gee, that point in the n.p. (yewpyds orbit of a heavenly body farthest from the earth
;

-geal ; peri-gee, point in moon's orbit nearest earth hypo-geum, a structure underground.
; ;

Gigant- (71709, gen. -avros mostly plural the Giants, a fabulous race the sons of Gaia or Earth, v. supra},
;

gigant-ic, -ean (thr. Lat.),^'rt;/(thr. O. Fr.

Gloss-, glott- (j\o)cro-a, later Attic

and Lat). a tongue f\Gyna (i)

(2) language, dialect

explanation),
(thr. late Lat.)

gloss,
;

word requiring an explanatory note on a word

;

(3) a difficult

ment

-ary, -arist, -ist ; glosso-graph, instrufor recording the movements of the tongue; -graphy, the writing of glosses or glossaries -logy,
;

; glottis; cpi-glottis ; several languages a book writpoly-glot, containing one who speaks many ten in several languages
;

science of

language; -tomy

languages.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Glue-, Glyc- (7\v/cv5 sweet), testing the sugar in

73

gluco-meter, instrument for

wine; glucose; glyc-erine ;

Fr.

glycogen, glyc-ol.

licorice (thr.

and Lat.
fr.

cor-

rupted
root).

fr. glyco-rliiza, i.e. lit.,

sweet-root,

pife a

Glyph-, glypt-

(yXvcjjaj carve),

glypho-graphy, a process
;

of etching

glyph ; Doric

of voltaic electricity Jiieroan ornament in the frieze of a tri-glyph, column, -ic, -ical ; HtJio-, a carving on a

by means

precious stone; ana-, an embossed ornament worked in relief, as a cameo; glyptic, -ics. glypto-don extinct quadruped with fluted teeth -graph, en;

graving on a gem, etc. Gnos-, gnom- (yiyvtoo-KQ) discern, know, fut. yvdtxra)). Gnosis, science, knowledge of the highest kind
Gnostics,
lit.

with higher knowledge a sect in the early days of Christianity, -ism ; a-gnostic (a priv.), -ism ; dia-gnosis the art of knowing the
the
;

men

symptoms
geo-.

of a disease, -gnose, -gnostic

pro-gnosis,
v.

foreknowledge, -gnostic, -gnosticate ; gco-gnostic,

gnome (yva)/j,r),

opinion, thought) (i) a maxim,

saying; (2) (thr. Fr.) an imaginary dwarfish being supposed to live in the earth gnomic, sententious,
;

containing maxims; gnomon (^vw^wv) (i) one that knows, a judge hence (2) the gnomon or index on
;

a sun-dial

hence (4) in Geom., a gnomon, from its shape (v. Enc. Bk. II. -o-logy, def.). Meanings 2 and 4 survive in English a treatise on dialling. ana-gnorisis (yvooptl^co make
;

(3) a carpenter's square

known, recognize), the recognition as leading denouement in a tragedy pJiysio-gnomy.

;

to the

74
Gon-, v. gen-.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

Gon- (ycovia angle),

gonio-meter, -metry
;

dia-gonal ;
;

tri-

gono-metry
Graph-,

hexa-gon ; octa-

penta-

poly-

etc.

(ypdtya) write, ^pap/ia, gen. -aro? something written, a letter). grapJi-ic, -ical ; -s, art of

gramm;

drawing -iology, science of written characters -ite, carbon used in the making of pencils -turn, a style for writing grapJio-lite, a kind of slate suit; ;
;

-logy, study of handwriting to judge character; -meter, an instrument used in sur-graph, or -grapJiy, a veying to measure angles.
;

able for writing on

common
call- ;

suffix, e.g. bio- ; epi- ;

ethno- ; -geo- ; helio-;

mono- ;
para-

artJiro- ; palaeo- ; pJioto- ; steno-; tele-;

;

topo-grapJiy, etc.
lit/to- ;

auto-

; biblio- ; ;

cinemato- ; cosmo- ;

phono-

grammat-ical ;
-icism
;

photo- ; xylo-grapJi, etc. -icaster, a pedantic grammarian

-ist ; o-latry,

the letter

worship of words, regard for and not the spirit gramo-phone ; ana;

gram, the interchanging of the letters of a word or sentence to form a new word or sentence
;

dia-gram ; epi-, a word to the point, brief and apt remark; mono-; parallelo- ; pro-; tele-. gramma-r (thr. O.Fr.). Gymno- (717^09 naked, lightly clad, hence yvf^vaar^ a trainer of athletes). gymno-sopJiist, one of a sect of East Indian philosophers who went almost naked -sperm, a plant that bears naked seeds, as pine, hemlock gym-notns (VUITOV the back, for yvfjivovwros}, a genus of fish with no dorsal fin gymn-ic,
grammat-ic, -ism,
-ist ;
;
;

pertaining to athletic exercises gymnast,

;

-ic ;

gym-

nasium

gymnasiast.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Gyn(yvvr),

75
;

gen. yvvai/cds a woman),

gyn-arcJiy

gyneco;

cracy ; gyne-cratic ; gyncco-logy ; gyneco-latry

poly-

gynian, -gynous, (i) (Bot.) having many pistils; -gynist; -gyiiy ; monogy(2) having several wives
;

nous, having one pistil. Haem-, hem- (al/xa, gen. -aro<? blood). Haem-anthns, a bulbous plant of South Africa, the blood-lily liaemato-zoa, parasitic animals in the blood haemoglobin (Lat. globus, a sphere); hemat-in ; hemat; ;

ite,

an ore of iron (so called from red colour)

formation of blood
; ;

hemato-logy ; -osis, dye obtained from logwood

(a priv.). Haer-, her-, -aer (aipew to take
oneself,

-xylin, a

hemo-rrhage (pr^w^i
an-aemia, -aemic

burst), hemo-rrJioids (pea) flow);

tox-aemia.

hence heresy),
(i.e.

aipeais a choosing for heresi-arch, a leader in

;

heresy
aeresis
aeresis

heresio-graphy, -logy

heresy ; heretic ; disyntaking separately, as in aerial)

;
;

; cat-heretic,

a mild caustic.

Hagi- (ay LOS sacred, saint), hagi-archy ; -ocracy ; hagioworgraph, a sacred writing, -/, -er ; hagio-latry, the
ship of saints hagio-logy, Hal- (aX?, dA.o? salt, the sea),
;

-ist.

hali-, halo-,

combining

forms in
etc.

many

scientific

words

halo-id, halo-gen,

Harmonia (ap^ovia a
mony, harmon-ic,
-ize
;

fitting together,
-ica,

harmony),

har-

a musical toy, -ious, -turn,

phil-harmonic.
(e/3o//.a?, -ao<?
;

Hebdomas week

mad-al, weekly
it is

a number of seven). Jiebdowhose -ary, a member of convent

to officiate in the choir, etc.

76

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Hebe ("H/Sr;) the god(fiftr) youth, prime of life). dess of youth ep-Jiebus, a young man of Greece between eighteen and twenty ep-hebo-logy, science
;

Hebe

of puberty. hecatom-b (/3oD? Hecato-, hecto- (e/earoV one hundred), an ox), sacrifice of a hundred oxen Jiecto-grapJi,
;

-litre,

-meter ;

-stere.

Hect-, v. ech-.

Hedra

(e'Bpa seat, base).

cat-Jiedra, a chair, a bishop's

throne; ex catJiedra
tively,

authorita(lit. from the throne), hence referring to the bishop's seat, or throne
;

cat-hedral ; tetra-Jiedron, a solid figure enclosed by four triangles, hexa-, octa-, rhombo-.

Hegemon-,

lieges-, -eg- (rjjeo/jiai lead

-ic ;

77ye/ia>y

a leader).

Jiegemo n -y,

ex-cgesis, lead out, explain, -egesist,

-egcte, -egetic, -egetist ; epex-egesis, -egetic.

Helio- (^A.609 the sun). Jieliac, -iacal (Astr.), emerging or falling into lustre of the sun heli-antJnis,
;

a genus of order compositae, a sunflower

centric ;

helio-

-chromy ; -graph
-sis (i)

-latry ;

-logy ;

-meter ;

burned spots on leaves caused by sun -stat, an instrument for sig(2) sunstroke nalling by flashing sun's rays -trope (rpeira) to turn), -tropism (Bot.), tendency of plants to turn to sun's light -type ; helium, one of the inert
-scope
;

constituents of the earth's atmosphere peri-helion, the point in the orbit of a planet nearest to the
;

sun

aph-, point

most distant from sun

aph-helio-

tropism (v. heliotropism). Helix (eXto-crct) to turn round

spiral),

eXt^ anything twisted or

;

helix, coil, snail shell, etc.

helic-al, helico-

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
idal ;
hclic-, Jiclico-,

77
;

combining forms
;

helic-ite,

fossil helicoid shell; helico-graph, etc.

Hellen- ('EAAofc, -aSo? Greece "EXXrjv, -771/09 a Greek). Hellen-ic ; -ism, a Greek phrase or construction,
-ist ; pJiil-Jicllcne ;

fan-hellen-ism.

HelminthHelot

(e\/ui><?,

iv6os a

worm),

anhelmintkic ; hel-

mintJiite,
(ei'Xft)?,

-euro?

a Spartan slave),

/W0/ -ism,
1

-ry.

Hemer-

Jiemeral-opia (w\Jr the eye), inabilday). to see in a strong light ity ep-Iiemera, a May-fly or any short-lived insect ep-hcmeric ; ep-hemeral ; ep(f)/j.e'pa
; ;

Hemi- (fat prefix many words

;

hemeris, journal, astronomical almanac. half, Lat. semi), hcmi, prefix to

-cycle,

-Jicdral,

-opia,

-sphere, -stick,

semitone, -trope, half inverted, a twin crystal; -crania, pain on one side of the head, cf. mi-tone

graine.

Hen-

(efc

one

f.

pta, n. eV).

Jien-diadys (e^ Sia Svotv

;

one (idea) through two (expressions)) Jieno-tJieism, a form of monotheism hyp-hen (VTTO under or into +
;

ev one), punctuation mark making eW>e/ca eleven, v. Seica ten. one.

-syllable.

two words into

Jiendeca-gon ;

Hepat-

(ryrrap,

-aro? the liver),

hepat-, Jiepato-,
-ite,

ing forms; Jiepat-algia, etc.; Jicpat-ic ;

;

combinan evil

smelling variety of barium sulphate -ization, conversion of lungs into liver-like substance Jiepato;

scopy

hcpatica (so called

from the shape of

;

its

leaves).

Hept-, (eTTTa

seven).
;

Jieptade

hcpta-glot,

a book

in

seven languages

-gon

-gynia,

order of

plants

78

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
having seven styles; -andria
-teucJi ; hept-archy.
;

a-Jiedron

a-meter ;

Here,

v. Jiaer-.

Herm-

Hermes, Lat. Mercury, messenger and interpreter of the gods god of arts and sciences).
('Ep/ij}?
;

henn-aphrodite,

animal

of

the invertebrate
;

class

a flower having both male and female organs with both stamen and pistil in the same calyx,
-ic ;

/lerm-etzc ('Ep/Jifjs rpia-fjieyia-ro^

Hermes, as the
;

inventor of

lierm-eneutic (e/o/^vev? to interpretation.

Alchemy), pertaining to chemistry an interpreter), pertaining

Hero (^/w?, a hero), hero; -ic ; -ism. Hesper (eWe/ao? evening). Hespcr, Hesperus, the evening star (Lat. and Gr.), Venus Jiesper-ian (thr.
;

Lat.); Hesperis, a genus of plants whose fragrance increases toward evening fiesper-ornis, an extinct
;

form of

bird.

-heter, -esis (irjfu send),

cat-heter ; syn-esis, construction

according

to

the sense

(o-iW<m

grasping,

than the syntax understanding); par-, partial

rather
-elite,

paralysis (Trapeo-i? a letting go). Hetero- (ere/jo? other). Jietero-, prefix

is
lit.

word that

other than usual, especially in deirregular, clension -dactyl, having irregular digits; -dox ;
;

-geneous
letters

spring differ

generation in which the offfrom parents -gmpJiy, use of same with different powers (cf. g in gaol and
;

-genesis,

goal']
ovofjia

-morpliism
;

-nomy,

v.

vd/jios

law

-nym,

v.

-pJiylloits.
(evpio-fcci) find).

Heur-, eur-

Jteur-istic,

used of the pursuit

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
of
;

79
"

I knowledge by observation eureka (elp^Ka " have found it! the exclamation of Archimedes on discovering a method of detecting amount of alloy

in Hiero's

crown,

i.e.

specific gravity)

eurematics,

the history of invention.

Hex

(e

six).
;

Jicxa-cJiord ; -gon
-us, in

-Jiedral ; -meter; -an-

dria

-pla (-TrXoO?

StTrXoO?

twofold, q.v.);

-plar ; -pod ; -tench.

Hiero- (tepo? sacred),

-glyphic
;

hier-arch, -y, -ism; Jiiero-c racy

;

-gram
show).

-latry

-logy

-phant,

priest

(fyaiva) to

Hippo- (I'TTTTO? horse), hippo-campus ( + Ka^nrrw to bend), the sea horse, sea monster; -centaur; -drome; -phagy ; -phile ; -potamus ; Jiipp-uris (ovpd a tail), a genus of marsh plant, mare's tail; PJiil-ip, n.p. Hippo-crcnc, fount of the Muses, produced by blow

from hoof of the winged horse Pegasus.

Histo- (tVrd? anything set upright, fr. lo-rrj/ju to set up, then mast, beam of loom, hence the web, tissue).
histo-,

terms

a combining form used in many medical Jiisto-geny, the formation of organic tissues,

-grapJiy, -logy,

-nomy.

Histor- (taropefo learn

Lat.);

by

inquiry, narrate),
;

historio-graphy

history (thr. poly-histor, a person well

read

in

many departments
and Lat.

of

knowledge

cf. story,

thr. Fr.

Hod-, od- (080? way), hodo-mctcr, instrument for measelcctr-odc, either of the uring distance travelled
;

poles of the voltaic circle, an-ode ^lit. a way up), the positive pole, cat-hode'i^L a way down), the negative met-Jiod (/ie'0oSo?, fiera + 680? a system),
;

80
-ic,

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
-ism, -ist, -ize, methodo-logy ; feri-od ( lit. a way around), a circuit, time in which heavenly bodies

make

their

revolutions,

cycle,
lit.

etc.,

-ic ;

epis-ode

(ejreia-oSiov

a digression,

an incident introduced);
;

syn-od (<riW8o9 meeting, coming together)

ex-odist, ex-odic.

ex-odus,

Holo-

(oX-o?

whole),
in
;

etc.,
it

wholly

holo-caust ; -graph, letter, handwriting of one from

deed,

whom

proceeds

-hedral ;
;

-metabolism (in

Entom.),

entire

metamorphosis -meter, instrument for taking all kinds of measurements -pJiotal, reflecting
;

all

the rays of light; cat-hol-ic (KaQoKucos univer-

sal).

Homo-

(6fjLos
;

one and the same).

;

Jwmo-centric ; -gene-

ons

-genesis; -geny

-grapli, a word having same

form as another, but a different meaning; -logons, -logy ; -morpJions ; -phone, a letter or word having the same sound as another; an-omalous. Homoeo- (6/ioto?, like, similar), homoeopathy, Jiomoeomeric, -zoic, etc.

Hopl- (o7r\ov weapon, arm), hoplite (oTrXtr?;?) pan-oply. Hor-, -or- (opdw see, opapa a view); di-orama (Siopda) see
;

through)

pan- ; ep-hor (eVt

o/oa&>),

an overseer,
bound). without
(afyopi^w

an officer in ancient Sparta. Hor-, horiz-, -or- (6'po? a boundary, o/ot'ia> to horizon (thr. Fr.), -tal ; a-orist (aopto-ro?
boundaries,
indefinite),
-ic ;

ap-1wrism

mark

by boundaries, determine, define), hence a precept expressed in a few words di-oiitc, a

off
;

rock of the greenstone variety.

Hora

(&>pa hour).

horo-grapJiy ; -loge (thr. Fr.

and Lat.)

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
-logy,

81

-logist ;

-me try ;

-scope (thr. Fr.

and Lat),

-scopist.

exHorc-, -ore- (op/to? an oath, optcifa bind by oath), drive away by prayers, -orcist, -orcism. orcise, Hydr- (vSwp, -aro? water), hydra (thr. Lat.); hydr-angea,

genus of showy flowering shrubs hydrant hydrargyrum, quicksilver hydr-ate, chemical compound of water and an oxide; hydr-anlic (auXo? pipe); -aulicon, water organ hydro-, a combining form found in a great number of words: (i) = water,
; ;
; ;

(2) hydrogen, (i) hydro-barometer, instrument for finding depth of sea; -cephalous, with dropsy of

the

brain;
art

-dynamic;
describing

-electric;

-gen,
etc.

-ize ;
;

-graphy,
(etSo?),

of

lakes,

seas,

-id

-logy; -mancy ; -met, honey and water; -meter; -pa thy ; -phane, a kind of opal that becomes transparent in water; -phobia; -phyte, -logy ; -psy, and then by
liquor

resembling water;
of

made

contraction dropsy ; -sphere, the aqueous envelope of the globe; -stat, -ics ; (2) hydro-carbon = hydro-

carbon -chloric = hydrogen + = hydrogen + cyanogen etc. anic

gen

4-

chloric

-cy-

Hygien- (vynjs sound, healthy; vyiaiva) be healthy), hyof giene, hygien-ic, -ist ; Hygeia, Greek goddess
health.

Hygro- (7/009 moist),

hygro-meter, instrument for meas;

-scope ; uring moistures in atmosphere science of measuring degree of moisture.

-statics,

Hyl-, -yl (v\r) wood, timber, matter), doctrine that matter is sentient
trine that matter is

hylo-pathism, the -theism, the doc-

God,

-ist ;

-zoism, the doctrine

82
that
all

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
matter possesses a species of
life,

-zoic,

-zoist ; mct-Jiyl, the

-cited ;
(alOrjp^.
etJi-yl,

supposed radical of wood spirit, the radical of alcohol and ether

cf.

This

suffix -yl is the regular termination

;

of chemical radicals

Hymen ('T^y Hymen, god

film).

carbon-yl, Jiydrox-yl, etc. of marriage, a membrane,

~al ; -ody, art of singing Poly-liymnia, one of the

Jiymen-aeal ; Jiymeno-ptcral.

Hymn-

(v^vos song),

hymn,
-ist ;

hymns; -o-logy, Greek Muses.

Hyper(vTrep, over,

ings see

implying excess). For special meansecond part of word, hyper-aesthesia ;

-baton; -bola ; -bole; -borean ; -cata-lectic ; -critic; -dulia ; -meter; -stkene ; -trophy.

Hypno-

(VTTVOS
;

sleep).

Jiypn-agogic,

sleep
;

inducing

hyp no-logy
of sleep
;

-genie =

hypnagogic

-sis,

production

-tic,

-tism, -tize.

For meaning v. second part Hypo-, hyp- (UTTO under). of word, hyp-allage ; -etJiral ; -hen ; Jiypo-caust ;
-chondria
;

-cJiondrium

-crisy ;

-crite ;

-cycloid ;
(v.

-dermic
-stasis
;

-geum ;
-static;
;

-gynous ; -phospliite
-style;

pher-}

-tenuse ;

-thec (thr.

Fr.),

-ary, -ate ; -thesis

-tJietic.

Hypso-

(u-v/ro?

height).

Jiypso-meter, instrument for de-

termining altitude, -metry. Hystera (varepa the womb), hysteria,

-ic, -ical.

Hystero- (varepos later). Jiysteron proteron, last first, an " inversion of logical order, putting the cart before the horse."

Iamb-

(ta/Lt/3o?

an iambus,

i.e.

^>
).

iamb, iambus, iam-

bic ; chor-iambtis.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
latr- (i'aT/oo? a physician),
iatr-ic, -al ;

83

psych-iatry, medi-

cal treatment of

mental diseases.
ic/in-itc,

Ichno- (Jx vo<* a footprint),

a fossil footprint;

ichno-graphy ; -lite, a footprint -logy.

;

a stone with the impression of

icJitJiyo-grafliy;
;

Ichthy- (t%#v9 a
-lite,

fish).
;

-id;

-latry

fossil fish

-logy
-sis,

-phagy

-saurus, a fossil

marine

reptile

a scaly skin disease.

IX0T2
Jesus

a symbol,

'iT/croO? Xpto-ro? (DeoD Christ, Son of God, Saviour.

Tw SWTTJ/O =

Icon, v. eicon (et/cwi/).

Icos, v. eicos- (et'/eocn).

Id, v. eid- (etSo9, et&uXoi;).

Idea(i'Sea, cf. ibelv to see

a picture formed by the mind,

;

an

idea),

idea,

-I,

-lism

-list,

-listic,

-lize ;

ideo-

graph, a symbol, figure, without naming it.

Idio(tSi09

etc.,

suggesting an object

one's own, personal, private), idio-crasy (/e/>a(m a mixture), hence a mixture that is one's own, a peculiarity, -cratic ; -graph, private or trade

mark
idiom

-gram, a peculiar mode of expression cf -pathy, a morbid condition not occasioned

;
.

by any other
crasy.
idiot
illiterate

disease,
(t'8ttt)T7/9

-syncrasy = idio-patliic ; a mere civilian hence a com;

mon,
lodviolet

person, fool),
like,

-ic,

-ism, ~cy.

coloured, fr. lov the iod-ine(iv. colour when heated); hence iod-al, an oily liquid formed from iodine -ic, containing iodine -ide, a compound of iodine -ism,
(io-etSij?

violet

violet

+ etSo? q.v.).
;

a morbid state caused by iodine

iodine
;

-ize,

treat with

-o-form (f r. Lat. forma).

84

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
io-lite,

Ion (tov the violet), blue, v. also.zW-.

Irene (elpqvr) peace),
Iris, irid- (fyw, -tSo?
iris,

gem

tinged with violet

v. eir.

the rainbow

Iris, n.p. personified).

coloured

membrane

of

the

eye

a bulbous

to,

plant (fr. colour) (thr. Lat); belonging or resembling the rainbow; -escent (through Lat.); -ium, elemental metallic substance found in
irid-al,
;

ore of platinum iris-cope, instrument for showing irid-, irido- (Med.), combining prismatic colours
;

having to do with the iris of the eye. Irony, Lat. ironia, from elpaveta mock modesty. Iso- (tcro9 equal), v. second part of word, iso-, prefix,
equal;
iso-bar, -ic ; -cheim, a line

forms

on the

map

con-

necting places

that have the

same mean winter

;

temperature (%/- winter, cold) -chromatic ; -chronous, -ism; -clinal ; -dont ; -dynamic ; -gcotJierm, cf isocheim -gonic ; -grapliy, the imitation of
.

handwriting;
-nomy,
-therm,
-itis,

-meric,

-ism;
;

-metric;
-sceles

-morphism ;
a leg);

-ic ;
cf.

-pod; -polity isocheim.

(ovce'Xo?

a suffix
suffix).

inflammation of (-m? orig. a

fern. adj.

K,

v. C.

Lab-, lemm-, leps-, lept- (Xa/u,/3aW, fut. \rf-frofjiai, aor. e-XaySoz;, pf. eiXrj/uyiat to take hold of, take, receive

hence
(TVV

X?)//,/u,a

anything received,
fr.

Xfjtyis a

taking).
;

syl-lab-le (thr. Lat.

-+-

av\\a(3r), a taking together

is

\a/ji^dvQ),

hence that which

sounded

to-

gether),

syl-lab-ary, a catalogue of the signs reprefr.

senting syllables of a language; syi-lab-us (Lat.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Gr.
crvv

85

Xa/3), a

heads of a discourse.

compendium taking together the lemma (\rjpfjia, an assump;

tion taken for granted) di- (Sk, twice), an argument that presents two or more alternatives, all of which

are disadvantageous
epi-lepsy

hence a
seizure,

difficult situation.

(eWX?;^? a

an attack),

-leptic ;

ana-lepsy (avd\rj\jris a taking up, recovery), recovery of strength; -leptic ; cata- (/caraX^-^rt? a seizure), -Icptic ; pro- (TrpdXrjtyis
-leptic,
i/rt?

a taking before, a preconception), anticipating the time or sense syl- (a-v\\r);

a taking together), a figure by which we take the sense intended rather than the literal import
of the

words

-leptic.

Labyrinth- (\aftvpiv6os a labyrinth, maze),

-ic,

labyrinth,

in

amphibian the tooth of which labyrinthine windings are

-ian,

-ine ;

-odont,

gigantic fossil

found.

Lacon- (Aa'/c&w a Laconian or Spartan),

a Spartan, expressing concise; -ism.
Lai- (XaXeiw speak),

lacon-ic (like
brief,

much

in

few words),

a-lalia, inability to speak.

Med.
lainp-

Eulalia, n.p.

Lamp-

(Xa^iTTO) shine),
fr.

lamp

(thr. Fr.

and Lat.)

yris (Lat.
"

oupd a tail), a glow-worm, lampro-, scientific prefix with idea of

Xa/f7rty>t'<?,

Xa//.7ru -f

shining."

Lanth-,

leth- (\av6dvay
;

escape

notice,

lie

hid

Mid.
;

and

Pass, forget \rjO-q a forgetting, forgetf ulness lantlian-um, a metal Lethe, the river of oblivion),

found

in cerite.

Lethe, oblivion, -al ; -on, ether,

;

when used

as an anaesthetic

-onize,

subject

to

86
letheon.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
leth-argy (XyOapyia forgetfulness).
-ar-

gize
Lao-,
lit-

(thr. Fr.

and Lat).
laic,-ize.

(Xao? people).
Lat.).

lay; laity (thr. O.

Fr.

and

thr. Fr.

and

lit-urgy (XeiTovpyia a public service, Lat. v. erg).

;
'

Laryng- (Xapvyg,
a
disease

-1*7709 the larynx),

laryng-eal ; -ismus,
laryngo-scope ;

of

the

glottis;

-itis ;

-tomy. Latr- (Xarpeia service, worship),

-latry,

a suffix denoticono- ; etc.;

ing "worship
v. first

of"; ido-latry, helio- ;

part of word.

Leg-, lect-, lex- (Xeyo>, fut. Xe'&> gather, collect, pick out say Xe/eroV said Xe|t? a saying), pro-lego;

mena
;

(TrpoXeydpeva),

legomenon (aira% once ana-lects,

tracts; -lectic
-tic,

\e<yd/j,vov),

foreword, preface hapax a word found only

;

-o-logy
f)

-lecta (\eyco gather), literary exdia-lect (8ia\eya) discourse, argue), dia-lect-ics (StaXetcTiicds skilled in ar;

gument;
words,

SiaXetcTiKr) (re;^?/) art of

arguing);

ec-

lectic (\eyo>

pick out), -ism;

lex-icon (Xe^t/coV for

-al.

sc. /St/3Xtoi>

book), -ico-grapJiy, -ico-logy,

Lemm-,

v. lab.

Lemma
Lepid-

(Xe'/^a), a husk,
(XeTrtV,
-i'So9

neurilemma.
lepido-dendron,

a scale, peeling),

fossil

club-moss found in coalf Lepido-ptera, order of insects with four wings covered with fine gossascales, butterflies, etc.
;

mer

-pterous, -ist

-sauria,

a group of scaly reptiles. Lepra- (XeV/aa the leprosy, the scaly disease),
rosy, leprous.

leper, lep-

Leps-, lept

:
,

v. lab-.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Lepto(XeTTTo?

8/

(same root as

above)

thin, narrow),

lepto-cephalic,

peeled, nence having narrow skull

;

-dactyl ; -logy, minute description.

Leth-, v. lanth-.

Leuko-

(Xeu/eo'<?

white),

leuc-in, a

white substance ob-itic ;

leuco-,

tained from muscular fibre; -ite, a mineral; a combining form lenco-pathy, etc.
;

Lex,

v. leg.
;

Lip-^ leip- (XetTTto leave

fut. Xen/ro>

Xenjrt? a leaving).

lipo-gram, a writing in which a certain letter has been left out para-leipsis, a pretended omission
;

for rhetorical effect; ec-lipse (e thing left out, as in an eclipse of

el-lipse (eXXetTTco

out,

hence someetc.), -liptic ;

;

moon,

leave behind, omit to be defective), so called from its being a lack, want, defective circle -liptic, -lipsoid, -liptoid (etSo?)
in,
;

leave

-liptois,

an

infinite ellipse

ellipso-graph, instrument

el-lipsis, an omission. tumour of fat tissue Lipo- (XITTO? fat), lipoma, Chem. chrin, fat colouring matter.

for

drawing an

ellipse

lipo-

Lit-, v.

sub

lao-, fr. liturgy.

Litan-

litany (fr. praying, \LTJ] a prayer), O. Fr. and Lat.). -lite, in Min. a suffix = stone (thr. the Fr. and partly
(XtVai/o?

in

conformation to mineralogical

suffix

-ite).

v.

above.
Litho- (Xi'009 a stone). Iitk~antkrax(&v0pa1; coal), stonecoal -arge (apyvpos silver), protoxide of lead
;
;

-inm
tion

-graph

litho-carp, Lat.). -glyph; -id ; -logy ; -phagous ; -pJiyte ; -tomy, operaof taking stone from the bladder; -type;
(thr.
;

fossil fruit;

88

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
mono-lith; neofirst
; palaeo-, part of word.
fr.

and numerous others;

plain,

v.

Litotes

(XtroTT??,

Xtro<?

smooth,
to

simple),

weak expression meant

meaning.
Litra- (\irpa a pound),
litre

express

stronger
its

(thr.

Fr.)

and

com-

pounds.
Log-, v. leg-.
Logo-(Xo'7o<? a word, thought, etc.), log-arithm; -ic (\oyiicr) vr ( r 'x )} the art of speaking or reasoning), -istic ;

-graphy^ a method of printing in which whole words are in a single type; -machy, -ist ; -mania, disease of organs of speech;
;

logo-gram, a word sign

-meter, a scale for

-type,

measuring chemical equivalents;

letters,
fr.

a single type containing two or more

;

a, fi, etc.

sy
all

reckoning
pro-;

log-ism (Lat. together, a reasoning),

I-

Gr. criAXoyicr^o'? a
-istic, -ize ;

dia-

logue, -logic, -logist, -logistic ; epi- ; ec- (etcXoyr) a selection (Xe'yo>

;

catato

mono- ;
pick),

choice selection of
pastoral

passages applied to Vergil's poems, hence any pastoral poem); apology (cnro\oyia a speech in defence), -etic ; ana(ava + \6yos = ratio, proportion, hence accordign to a due proportion, resemblance between things
in certain relations); necro-, a register of deaths; dox- (8o'<z glory antJi- (Xe'y&> to gather) Xeyco to
;

speak);
science

pJiilo- ;

-logy,

common

suffix

study

of,

of;

bio-,

dendro-,

entomo-,

etJino-,

gco-,

minera-, etc. Lyco- (Xtwo'? a wolf), lyc-anthrope, a wolf-man, werewolf; -y, a kind of madness; lyco-pod, a plant mid-

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
way between
a moss and a fern
; ;

89
-pode,

a drug

from preceding lyc-enm, a gymnasium with covered walks, at Athens, sacred to Apollo Av/mo?.

Lyra (Xvpa a

lyre),

lyre ;

lyr-ic ; -ist ;

-ate

Lyra, a

constellation.

Lys- (Xvo) to loose, fut. Xvaa, \vcris a loosing, a letting analysis, gradual abatement of a disease go),
;

(avdXvais
parts);
electro-,

loosing,

dissolving,

separating

into
;
;

dia- (8id\v<ri$ a separating)

diaeresis
electricity

chemical
a fight),

decomposition

para- (TrapdXva-is)

by

O.E. palsy.
macro-, prefix to

Mach-

(n>d%ri

nau-machy, a sea-fight.
big),

Macro- (paicpos long,

scientific

numerous
;

words

macro-cosm, the universe

;

-meter,

instrument for measuring distant objects -n and -scian (cr/a'a a shadow), -tone, long mark over vowel a long shadow, an inhabitant of the polar casting
;

regions,

Magnes-,
Xi#o<?

amphimacer, v. ampJii-. magnet- (Mayvijata a region

MayvfjTis one of the
the

in

Thessaly

magnet).

magnesium
first

(thr.

Lat),

elements,

brought from
; -ic ; -ize ; -ite,

Magnesia; magnesia ; magnet ; -ism a magnetic oxide of iron electro-.

;

Mania (pavta madness),

Mant-, mantis
(/Jiavris

mania;

-c ;

clepto- ;

mono-.

a prophet,

lit.

the

man

of frenzied
;

chiromantian, mantic, prophetic utterance). mantic ; necro- ; -mancy, suffix (thr. Fr. fr. /j-dvreia

prophecy) = divination by ... Margar- (/jLapyapirr)? a pearl), margar-ic, pearl-like -ine (so called m. acid -ate, a salt of m. acid from pearl-like colour); -ite, a pearl mica; -on, a
; ;
;

90

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
fatty matter obtained

from m. acid and lime. Margaret, n.p., Marguerite (thr. Fr. and Lat.), n.p. Marmar- (/-tap/Aa/ao? marble, pappaipa) to glisten), marmar-osis, conversion of limestone into marble by

metamorphism
-aceous, etc.

marmor

(thr.

Lat. marmor),

-eal,

MartyrMasto-

(/ia/jTW,

-i//>o9

a witness),

martyr;

-o-logy ; -ist ;

proto-.
(/-taoTo?

the breast),

mastoid, mastodon.

Math-

-mat-, in auto-maton, -matism, etc. (/nao/*at endeavour). pd&r)fj,a some(/jiavOdva), fut. fiaBijcrofjLai to learn
;

matJiem-atics ; knowledge). a selection of useful passages with chrcsto-matJiy, notes to help one learn a language pJiilo-, -ic.

thing

learnt,

lesson,

Median- (w^avr] an instrument or machine, contrivance,

meckan-ic, -ical, -ism, -ist, -ize ; mechanography, the art of multiplying copies of a writing by a machine.
device),

Mega-

(/Aeya?,

f.

peydXr), n. /-teya great),

meg-, mega-,

megalo-, prefixes expressing greatness; mega-cerous ; -cephalous ; -lithic ; -phone ; -scope, etc. megalo-mania, the delusion of exaggeration.
;

O-mega,
Mela-

ft

d.

(/Lte'Xa?, f.

fjL\atva, n.

-cholia, -cJiolic ;
;

peXav black). melan-cJioly, -ism, excess of colouring matter in

melanothe skin -ite, a black kind of garnet. chroic (applied to dark-white races) -sis, a disease
;

marked by a black deposit

mel.

in

the tissues.

calo-

Meli-, mel- (^e\i, -tro? honey). meli-pJiagan clover. hydro-met ; oxy-mel ; rodo-.

-lot,

sweet

Cf. words

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
with two
/'s fr.

91

Lat. met, mcl/is,

;

honey
v.

mellifer-

ous, mellifluous, etc.

mar-malade,

melon.

mel-ic ; -odeon, -odious, -odist, Melo-, mel- (^te'Xo? song), v. od- ; melo-drama, originally a performance in etc.,

which songs were intermixed

pJiilo-mel ?

-dramatic

-mania ;

Melon

(/z>)\oi/

apple),

mar-mal-ade,

v. p. 34.

Mening- (wviyt;, -4770? a membrane, esp. that enclosing the brain), mcning-es, -itis, -eal.

Mentor (MeW&>/> the councillor of Telemachus). Mer-, mor- (/ue/oo<? a part), mero-blast, an ovum containing a germinal and a nutritive part; -some (Zool.), one of the segments composing the body; isomeric, of the same elements and in the same pro-merism ; portions, but with different properties
;

poly-meric, -merism, cf. foregoing ing three parts. morio-plasty restoration of lost parts. (Surg.),

tri-merous, hav(/jidpiov

a piece)

Mes-

(/-leVo?

middle),

the

membrane
;

mes-entery (nearevrepiov, sc. Seppa), to which the intestines are attached

;

-enteric, -enteritis ; meso-carp,

pericarp

-colon,
(<Xoto'<?

the

the inner layer of a mesentery of the colon

; ;

-phloenm
zoic,

bark), the middle layer of bark

secondary (Geol.).

Mesopotamia^
;

n.p.

Meta-, met- (perd among, between beyond, after), v. second part of word, meta-basis ; -bolic, -holism ;
-carpus (/ca/aTro? wrist), the part of the hand between the fingers and wrist -clironism, cf anachronism ;
;
.

-morpJiosis
sis

-pJior ; -phrase

-physics; -plasm
v.

-sta-

; -thesis.

met-empsycJiosis,

psych- ; -emptosis ;

-hod, -Jiodist ; -Jiyl ; -onymy.

92
Meteor-

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
(fj.erecopo'? raised aloft, suspended in mid-air hence peTeapov a heavenly body, fr. perd -f- aeipco to raise up cf arsis), meteor, -ic ; -ite, -itic ;
;

meteoro-graphy

; -lite ; -logy.

Meter-, -metr- (/Aerpov a measure or rule), meter, metr-e (thr. Fr. and Lat.), (i) verse (2) that which measures, then a Fr. measure 39.37 inches -ic, -ical,
;

metro-graph, a railway train -nome. deka- ; dia- ; di- ; geo- ; hecto;

;

-ician

inst.

for recording the speed of baro-meter; chrono- ; dasy-;

;

hexa-

hydro-

kilo- ;

.,

micro-

penta;

peri- ;
;

pJwto-; seismoetc.

; tele- ; tetra- ;

thermo-

tri-, etc.

sym-metry,

Meter-, metr- (piJTrjp mother), metro-cracy ; -polis, -politan; De-meter, the Earth-goddess fjujrpa the womb,
;

metritis, etc.

Miasm- (^iacr^a stain, defilement, fr. fjnaivw to stain). miasma, miasma-l, -tic ; a-mianthiis (thr. Lat. fr.
aniavTos \i6os, lit. an unsoiled stone), a variety of asbestos a-miantho-id.
;

Micro- (/UK/JO?
line;

little),

micro-be
;

(v. bio-), -bial ;

;

-cosm, a
-crystal,

world in miniature
-lithic ;

-coustic (atcovco hear)

-meter; -organism; -phone; -phyte ; 'a minute pore; -scope, -scopic ; -seism; -Pyle (Zool.), -spore ; -tome, an instrument for cutting very thin
sections for microscopic examination -zyme. a kind of drama (/u//,o9 an imitator, actor
; ;

Mim-

fr.

mim-e ; mime-sis ; -o-graph, producing many copies of written matter; mimetic ; mim-ic, -icry ; mimo-grapher, a writer of mimes, -type, a form of animal life that mimics
/tu/4eo//,at

to imitate),

an

inst. for

another found in a different country

Mimo-sa, a

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
;

93

genus of plants including the sensitive plant pantomime.

Mis(fjuaea)

hate),

mis-anthrope,
-gyny, -gynist
;

-ist,
;

-ic,

-y

miso-

gainist,

-gamy ;

-logy, hatred and

is

despair of reason

-neism, hatred of what

new.

Mnem-, mnes-

mneremembering, mindful), mon-ic, assisting the memory, -ics ; a-mnesty (thr. Lat. fr. apvrjo-Tia a forgetting, fr. a priv. + ^vdo^ai
(fjivrj^wv

to

remember), oblivion, pardon.

v.

Mon-

(ftoVo? alone, one),

;

prefix
(thr.

mon-, mono-, a very common second part of word, mon-acliism, -achal

fr.

Lat.

fjLova%6<;

a monk.

The word monk

;

came

into the

corrupted -adism ; -arch ; -astery, -asterial, -astic

;

Eng. language very early hence its -ad, an ultimate atom, -adic, form)
(/^ovaa-rij^

monk);
lous
;

-ism,-istic.

mono-basic; -carpous ; -cepha-

-ceros ; -chord;

-chrome;
;

Lat. ocnlus, eye);

-lith ;
;

-cracy

(hybrid word; -dactylons ; -don, the

-cle
;

narwhal; -gamy ; -genesis ; -glot ; -gram; -grapJi

-gynian
-poly
; ;

-logne, -logy;
;

-mania; -morphic ;
;

-petalons

-phobia
;

-pJitJiong
;

-pJiyllous ;
;

-pode

;
;

-ptcron

-syllable;

-sepalous -spermous -theism; -tocons ; -tone, -tony, etc.;

fr.

-stich ; -style

mo-

nomial (Alg. term

Mor-

Lat. women, a name).

(jjLwpds dull, foolish),

(/jiop<f>ri

oxy-moron

sopJio-more.

Morph-

form, shape),
;

morpho-genesis, the genepriv.), shapeless,

sis of

form

-logy

a-morphous (a

-morpkism

a-morphotae,

stars not constituting a

;

constellation; anthropo-morphous, etc.

iso- ; poly- ;
;

di-

hetero- ;

meta-morphosis, transpseudo-, etc. formation, as of a chrysalis into a butterfly.

94

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

Moustache, thr. Fr. fr. /ztWaf a moustache. Mus-, mos- (Movcra one of the nine Muses, the goddesses of song, music, poetry, dancing, and other fine arts. They were Clio, Euterpe, Thalia, Mel-

pomene, Terpsichore, Erato, Polymnia or PolyhymMov<relov the temple nia, Urania, and Calliope. hence a school of arts, museum). of the Muses Mus-e ; -eum ; -eo-logy, the science of arranging
;

museums;
lit.,

mns-ic,
(i) a
;

-ical,

-ician ; mos-aic (thr. Fr.

something
(pv<>, /JLVOS
;

artistic).

(A) Myakin

mouse
.

(2) a muscle

cf Lat.

Eng. and Gr. words are muscnlus and its deriv-

atives). my-algia ; -asthenia ; -itis ; myo-carditis, inflammation of the muscular substance of the

heart
lar

-dynamometer, an
;

inst. for

measuring muscu-

-logy ; -physics ; -scope ; -sin, the peculiar constituent of muscle peri-mysium, the tissue that surrounds a muscle.
-grapJiy
;
;

strength

(B) My-, mystitiate into

/ife'tw to in(/mva) fut. fivq-w close the eyes the mysteries, nvarrjpLa). my-ope, -ops, a short-sighted person; -opia, -opy ; -osis, abnormal con;

traction of the pupil.

myst-ic, -ical, -icism

-ify (a

hybrid word

\^\..facio make).

myster-y, -ions, etc.

Myc- (/AW???, -77x09 fungus). myc-elium, mushroom spawn mycet-oma, a disease in India attributed to
;

a fungus myco-denn, a fermentative fungus -lo-gy ; -sis, a fungous growth in the body (Path.); -se, a
; ;

fr. fungi. ten thousand), myriad ; myria-pod. Myri- (/jivpioi Myrmidon (Mvp/jiiSdves Achilles' soldiers in the Trojan

sugar obtained

War)

hence a desperado.

Myrmidonian.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK.

95

(thr. Fr. and Lat fr. pvp'pa, the juice of the Arabian myrtle, myrrh), -ic ; myrrJio-pliorc. Myrtle, thr. Fr. and Lat. fr. /AU/JTO?.

Myrrh

Myst-,

v.

my-

(B).
;

Myth

(fjivQos

a word

a story, legendary tale as opposed

to history),
-logy,
-poeist.

mytJi-ic, -ical ; mytJio-genesis ; -grapJiy ;

etc.
;

-legist,

-poeic,

-poetic,

myth-making,

Naiad (Nam'?, gen.

-a8o<?

a water-nymph), v. nymph.

Naphtha (vd^Oa,

fr.

Persian naft}.

Narc- (vdpKr) stiffness, numbness), narc-otic, producing numbness or stupor a medicine with these quali;

ties;

-osis ;

-otism, effect of a narcotic; -eine,

an

alkaloid contained in

opium

-otine, a drug obtained

from opium

narcissus, so called

from

its

supposed

sleep-producing qualities. Nau- (vavs a ship, vavrr)? a sailor),

;

nan-machy ; nausea,
;

naut-ic, -ical ; -Hits -eons, -cant (thr. Lat.) -iloid ; aero-naut. nautilus a fossil
;

-ilite,

Necro-

necro-latry ; -logy, a (veicpos a corpse; dead), register of deaths, -ist ; -mancy ; -pJiagous ; -phobia; -polis; -sis, mortification -tomy.
;

Nectar (vetcrap nectar, the drink of the gods), nectar, -eal, -can, -cous ; -y, the honey gland of a flower, -ial ; -ine, a variety of peach.

Nemesis
age

(Ne/iecrt<?

Neo- (^eo9 new),

;

the goddess of retribution). nco-litliic, belonging to the later stone

or rationalistic doctrines in the-ist ;

-logy,

new

-n, one of the inert constituology, -logism, ent gases of the atmosphere -nomian, one who
;

advocates

new laws

-plwbia

-pliyte,

new

con-

96
vert
;

A MINIMUM OF GREEK!
-platonism, v. Plato
;

-teric (i/ewre/jo?

comp. of

yeo'?),

recent

Nea-polis, n.p.
nephel-ine, a mineral

nepenthe,

v. pentli-.

Neph-

(vecfreXr)
;

a cloud).

-oid,

nepJw- scope (yei^o? a cloud), instrument for measuring speed of clouds.

cloudy

Nephr- (we^xfe a kidney), nephr-algia ; -tie, a mineral, formerly worn as a remedy for kidney disease
-itic,

pertaining to the kidneys; -itis ; -oid ; -o-logy. Ner- (vrjpos wet). Nereus, an ancient sea god. Nereid, (i) one of his daughters; (2) a marine annelid;

a-neroid a barometer, without liquid in

tion.

its

construc-

Nes-

(vrja-os

an

island),

land-island, a peninsula)

cherso-nese (^e/jcro? dry land, zV. Pelopon-nesus (island of

;

Pelops), the present peninsula of Morea; nesia ; Mela- ; Micro-.

Poly-

Neur- (vevpov a nerve;

-algic
;

orig.

a sinew),
o-#ei/o?

neur-al ; -algia,
strength), nervous

-asthenia (a priv.
;

debility

-i-lemma

(Xe/i/Lia

husk, skin), the sheath

-in, -ine, nerve substance; -itis ; -ma, a tumour in a nerve -mimesis (fufieopai to imitate), nervous mimicry; -patliy ; -tic, relating to or affecting the nervous system -ptera, an

investing a nerve;

nenro-graphy

order of insects having four naked reticulated wings. Niobe (Nio/3?? Niobe, the daughter of Tantalus she was
;

changed by Zeus
offspring).

to a stone for
;

undue pride

in

her

niobium, a metal of brilliant colour (so called from its resemblance to another mineral, tantalum, called after Tantalus, the father
of Niobe); niobic.

Niobe-an

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
nitr-e Nitr- (virpov, a carbonate of soda), of potash), -ic, -ate; -ide ; -ine ; -ous
(i.e.

97
nitrate

; nitro-gen, -genize, -genous ; -meter, an instrument for ascercontaining the value of nitre ; nitro-, a prefix taining nitrogen cf nitro-benzine ; -glycerine, etc.

Nomad

(i/o/xa?,

-aSo? roaming, pasturing).

nomad,

-ic,

-ism,

-ize.

Nomo- (W'/AO? law, ve/uco distribute), on law nomo-geny, the origin

;

nom-istic,
of
life

founded

by natural

-logy ; anti-nomy, the opposition of one law to another astro- ; auto- ; bio-, the science of living

causes

functions;

because

it

Dentero- (SeWe/oo? second), so called contains the second giving of the law of

Moses; eco-nomy(olKovo^Q^ steward, house-manager,

W/i&>)
;

metro-,
;

gastro-, the art of preparing delicate dishes measurement of musical time by an instru;

ment metro-nome, instrument for this purpose. Noo- (wo? the mind), noo-cratic, pertaining to the view that the reason is the sovereign faculty -genism,
;

anything originated in the mind (yevos)

-logy.

Num-

(Lat.

numisma,

fr.

Gr.

vd/j,ia(jia,

-aro<?

a coin,

something sanctioned by usage, mismat-ic, -ics, -ist ; -o-logy. Nymph (vv^rj a bride; a nymph,

v. yo'/xo?

law),

nu-

an inferior deity that inhabited the woods, mountains, sea, springs, etc. hence they were called respectively, Dryads,
;

Oreads, Nereids, Naiads). NympJi-ean; -ic ; Nymphaea, a genus of aquatic plants; para-nymph, a

bridesman or groomsman.
Obel- (o/3eXo? a spit or zontal line
;

-v-

a horia pointed square pillar the first marks a spurious pas;

98

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
sage, the second, a superfluous
obelus, a sign, v.
obelisk, obeliscal.
;

supra

; obelize,

mark

o/3eXr/eo9 a pillar). as spurious;

Obol- (6/3oXo9 an obol, used at

and coin);

obole,

Athens both as weight a weight of ten or twelve grains

;

(Pharm.). Oceano- (;eaz>o<? the ocean

river that

according to Homer, a encompassed the whole earth in later times the great outer sea as opposed to the inner
;

or Mediterranean),
Och-, v. ech-.

ocean, -ic ; -o-logy.

ocJilo-cracy, -cratical ; ocJilo-

Ochlo- (cr^Xo? crowd, mob).

phobia
Oct- (6/cTo>

ocJilesis,

a diseased condition due to over-

crowding.
eight).
;

strings

-Jiedral ;
-stick,

octa-chord, instrument with eight a system or series of eight -gon ; -Jiedrite, octahedral titanic oxide -hcdron ;
-d,
; ;

poem

of eight lines; oct-andrian, having

eight distinct stamens;

pistils; -meral,

octo-gynous, having

eight

-spermous ;
front, as the

eight-parted; -pctalous ; -pod ; -pus ; -style, a building with eight columns in

Pantheon,

Rome

-syllable.

Ode

ode ; odeon, song, poem, fr. aeiSw to sing), in ancient Greece a building where poets and musicians contended for prizes ; a concert hall. mel(coS?;

ody, -odious, -odist, -odeon; rJiaps-ody, -odist, -odize (paTTTO), -^r(o to stitch together; hence o pa-v/reoSo?

was one who strung Epic songs together and

;

recited

them); mon-ody, a mournful poem in which one mourner expresses lamentation par-ody (iraptoSia a song beside, i.e. in imitation of another hence a
;

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
burlesque)
;
;

99

psalm-ody, art of singing psalms prosody (to or for a song) that part of grammar that deals with the quantity of syllables, and with the laws of versification tJircn-ody song of lamenta;
;

tion,

-odist.

com-edy ;

trag-.

ep-ode ; palin-ode,

a recantation.
5de,
v. Jiodo-.
(0801)9,

Odont-

-oWo? a tooth);
cell

cf. p.

odonto-blast, a tooth
-geny,

that

odont-algia ; produces dentine

n.

development of teeth; -id; -logy ; mast-odon

breast, so called with reference to the

(/LiacrTo?

mam-

millary processes on the molar teeth). Odyn- (oSvvrj pain), an-odyne, -odynous, a medicine that

assuages pain; chlor-odyne ; pleur-odynia.

Oec-, ec-, oc- (ol/co? house,
etc.,
777

home Eng.
;

-wick, in Berwick,

otWo> inhabit), oec- or ecumenic, -al (ol/covfjievij the inhabited world), relating to the whole world,
;

general, universal

eco-nomy (OLKOVO^O^ a steward,

one who manages

(yepta) the house), -nomise, -noinist, -nomic (thr. Lat.); cco-logy, relation of animals and plants to the outside world di-ocese (Stofciprt?
;

hence the district a housekeeping, management over which a bishop has control), -ocesan ; par-ish
;

(thr.

O. Fr.
;

fr.

irapoucia dwelling beside,

originally, the
district

neigh-

bouring

hence

bishop's residence); par-ochial (thr. Lat. parocJiialis}. -di-oecious, -ecious (Bot.), having flowers with stamens on one plant and pistils on

around a O. Fr. and late

having the house separated or apart) par-, having stamens and pistils together mon-, having the stamens and pistils in different flowers on
another
(lit.
;

100

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
the same plant
ant-, persons living on corresponding parallels of latitude, and on the same meridian on opposite sides of the equator; peri-, those on
;

the same latitudes on opposite sides of the globe.

-oid, v. eido-.

Oligo- (0X170? few, little), olig-acmia (v. /iaem-), defiof blood ; -arch,-y, -ic ; -oclase (a little fracciency ture), a kind of felspar.

Olympo- ("OXu/A7ro? a mountain in Thessaly, the seat of the gods 'OXu/ATrta Olympia, a sacred district in Elis in Greece, where games in honour of the OlymOlympian, Olympic ; Olympian Zeus were held).
;

piad, a period of four years, the interval between the Olympic games.

Onom-, onym- (ovopa, -arc? a name, Aeolic form ovv/j,a). onoma-stic, pertaining to a name -sticon, a dic;

tionary; commonplace book. onomato-logy ; -poeia, the formation of words or lines that imitate the

sound of the thing signified, -poeic, -poetic ; cf. Ennius, Saxo cere- comminuit -brum. an-onym-cus, -ity; crypt-onym, a secret name; hom-onym, one word used to express distinct meanings, -ous, having different significations or applied to different things, ambiguous; par-onym, (i) a word having the same
derivation as another

word

(2) having a similar

sound

but
;

fair, fare

spelling pseud-, a fictitious

different

and meaning;

as,

name

syn-

met-

onymy (nerd expressing change), a figure of speech ia which a thing is named by some accompaniment.
patro-nymic, a parent or ancestor.

name

derived from that of a

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
;

IOI

Onto- (bvr, root found in elpi to be pres. participle eui/, oWo?). onto-geny, the history of the evolution of the individual -logy, the science of being, meta;

physics palae-onto-logy (the study of ancient beings), the science of fossils, -logist, -logical.
;

Ony-

(ow/f, -f%o5 a nail, claw,

hoof

gem

streaked with
;

sard-onyx, Sardian onyx onycha, the shell of a species of mollusk. Op-, ops-, opt- (root OTT- in wi|r, WTTO? the eye oi/rt? sight,
;

veins, an onyx),

o<0a\juo9 infra). pertaining sight, syn-opsis, a general view, a collection of headings

so arranged as to give a general view; aut-opsia,
-opsy,

OTTTIKOS

to

cf.

personal

observation, hence a post-mortem

cat-opsis,

examination,
sight;
optic,

-opsical ;
-al,
-s,

-ian ;

morbidly keen opti-grapJi, an instru-

ment

for copying landscapes; opto-gram, an impression of the last object seen during life
;

opto-meter, an instrument for measuring range of vision. di-optrics, that part of optics dealing with

the laws of refraction of light, -optrical ; di-opside (Min.), a variety of pyroxene cat-optrics, the part
;

of optics that deals with reflected light (fcdroTTTpov a mirror); catoptro-mancy, divination by means of

a mirror

let down into water pan-opticon, a prison so constructed as to allow an inspector to see all the
;

prisoners without being seen by

trie, pertaining to

them

scioptic, -op-

an optical arrangement for forming images in a darkened room sciopticon, a form of

;

magic lantern Etlii-opian (v. aet/i-}; Cycl-ops, a giant with one round eye in the centre of his forehead
;

my-opia, short sight

ambly-opia (a/jL@\vs

dull).

102
Ophi- (o<t?

A MINIMUM
a serpent).
;

OP^

GREEK
the snake group, a kind of serpentine
;

OpJiidia,

ophidian

opJiio-latry ; -lite,

-logy, -logist, -logical ;

shaped
lizards
;

-phagous ;

-mancy ; -morpJious, serpent-saurus, a genus of limbless

northern

OpJii-ucJius, the serpent bearer, a

constellation (v. ech-}.

Ophthalm-

(o(#aX/Ao'<?

the eye).
-ic,

opJitJialm-ia,

inflamma;

tion of the eye;

opJithalmo-logy

pertaining to the eye; -itis -scope ; -meter.

Opium, opo- (oTrtov poppy juice; OTTO? juice, sap), opium (thr. O. Fr. and Lat.) opiate, any preparation of
;

opo-balsam, a balm of Gilead juice of the plant Trdvaj;).

opium

-panax (the

Opt-, v. op-.

-orama,

v. hor-.

-ore, v. Jiorc-.

Orchestra (opxn (TrP a an orchestra in the Attic theatre it was a large semicircular space on which the
;

danced, fr. o/3^eo/x,at to dance), hence applied to musicians that occupy a place corre-

chorus

sponding

to this,

orcJiestra-l ;

-tion,
;

and then, any band of musicians. the arrangement of music for

a

an orchestra
designed

orchestrion,

musical

instrument

to imitate

an orchestra.

Organ, org-, v. erg-. Ornith- (opvis, opviOos a bird). ornitJi-ichnite (t'%^0? a a fossil footprint of a bird ornitJio-copros track),
;

remains; -logy; -mancy; -scopy = ornithomancy. Oro- (6'/>o? a mountain). oro-grapJiy ; -logy, -logicalOread, v. nymph.

(/compos dung), birds' dung,

guano

-lite,

fossil bird

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

103

Orphan (opfanxk fatherless or motherless, bereft), orphan-age ; -ism, orphan state; -o-trophy, the rearing of orphans.

Orpheus ('O/><eu? a famous Thracian bard, the son of It was said that when he played the Calliope. trees bowed their heads). Orphean, Orphic.
Ortho- (opQfc straight, right), orth-ite, a mineral ortJioclase, potash felspar, so called because it has two
;

perfect cleavages at right angles to each other; -dromics -epy (opdoe-dox, having a right opinion Treia correct speaking or pronunciation fr. eVo?
; ; ;

a word), -epist, -epic; -graphy, -graphic;

tion
in
;

-gon, a rectangular figure; -metry, the laws of versifica-

-pacdia, art of curing deformities, primarily children; -praxy (i) correct practice, (2) the

treatment of deformity by mechanical means.

ortho-chromatic.
tallization.

an-orthic (Min.), irregular in crysan-orthite,*. kind of lime felspar found

;

on Mt. Vesuvius
squinting.

an-orth-opia (not straight sight),

Osm-,

v. oz-.

Osmo-

(0)0740?

a pushing,

fr.

wQeco to push),

osmose, the
;

diffusion of fluids through porous partitions osmometer, an instrument for measuring the pressure

exerted in osmose

-tic,

due to osmose

di- osmose^
;

the mingling of fluids through a membrane end-, passing of a fluid inwards through an organic

membrane
;

to

mix with another

fluid of different

density ex-osmose, the reverse of endosmose, the passages of liquids or gases from within outwards. = osseous (words in Osteo- (ocrreW bone), osteal, bony

104
ossfr.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Lat.
in
;

os,

ossis,

a bone);
;

ostco-blast, a

cell

concerned

forming bone

-colla,

a glue

made
bone
;

from bones
-gi'aphy
;

-genesis, -gcnesy, formation of

-malacia (/uaXa/ao. softening), a morbid softening of the bones -pJwne, an instrument placed between the teeth to aid the
-logy, -logic ;
;

hearing of deaf persons -plasty (TrXao-cro) to form), an operation by which a loss of bone is made good
;

-tome, instrument for cutting bone ost-itis. Ostrac- (oarpaKov a piece of earthenware tile the earth; ;

enware

tablet used

in voting

hence

ocrr/oct/acr/io'?

ostracism, a political measure employed among the Athenians by which any citizen, whose presence was thought embarrassing to the state, could be banished for a period of ten years if a sufficient number of votes were recorded against him on the earthenware tablets). ostracise, to exclude from
ostracism. society Ostreo- (ocrrpeov an oyster). ostreo-pJiagist. oyster (thr. O. Fr. oistre and Lat. ostrcnwt). Ot- (oik, WTO'? an ear), ot-acousticon, an instrument to
;

aid hearing ternal ears

-algia
-ics ;

-ary, a seal

with evident exa calcareous

-itis ;

oto-lite, -litJi,

concretion in the labyrinth of the ear of certain animals, especially fish -logy ; -rrJioea, discharge from the ear -scope; Myos-otis, a genus of plants
;
;

which forget-me-not and mouse-ear belong //.tw a mouse); par-otid, the salivary gland,
to

(ftw,
situ-

ated near the ear; par-otid-itis, par-ot-itis, inflam-

mation of

this gland,

i.e.

mumps.
oxalis (ofaXt? sorrel, also

Ox-, oxy- (ofu<? sharp, sour),

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
sour wine), a genus of plants to which
belongs, so called

IO5

wood

sorrel

from
;

bitter

taste

oxalic acid,

obtained from oxalis

to

oxal-ate,

a salt of oxalic

acid; oxy-gcn, so called because at first supposed have been present in all acids -ate, to combine
;

with

oxygen,

-ize,

-ous

-ide, a

compound

of

oxy-hydrogen ; oxygen and a base

;
;

ox-id,
-idate,
;

-idize,

convert into oxide, -idable,

-idation
;

oxy-

very keen sight (/SXeVo) see) -met, a mixture of vinegar and honey -moron (ov? in sense
blepsia,
;

yuwpo? foolish), hence a figure of which two apparently contradictory words speech are put together, cf. " make haste slowly," " His " honour rooted in dishonour stood -tone, having an acute sound, hence having an acute accent on

of sharp, clever
in

the last syllable par-oxy-tone, having acute accent on the syllable before the last; pro-par-oxy-tone,
;

having acute accent on the third syllable from the end par-oxysm, acute point in a disease, a fit.
;

Oz- (oco to smell;

oz-one, -onize ; -ono007*77 smell), mcter, instrument for determining the proportion

of ozone in the

atmosphere

-cna, fetid

ulcer in
in

the nose
davia.

-o-ccrite,

a mineral

wax found

Mol-

Pachy- (trayfe thick),

osm-inm, a blue-white metallic element. pachy-denn, thick-skinned animal, elephant, etc., -atous ; -dactyl, an animal hav-

ing thick toes. (jraidv a song of triumph). Paed-, ped- (TTCU?, Trot&fc a boy, child

Paean

TraiBeva) to teach). pacdo-baptist, -ism ; pcd-agogy, -agogue, -agogism, (thr. Fr. and Lat. fr. TrcuSa'/ooYo'?), v. ag- ; ped;

106

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
ant, -antic, -antry ; ped-iatrics,

branch of medicine

dealing with

children

pro-paedeiitics,
;

knowledge
cn-

preliminary to an art or science

cyclo-pedia, cyclo-pedia
;

-paedeutical ;

ortJio-paedia, v. ortJi-.

Palaeo- (7raXcuo<? ancient), palaeo-crystic, consisting of ancient ice -graphy, ancient writings, the art of deciphering them -lit/i, a stone object belonging
;
;

to the earlier stone age, -lithic ; -logy ; -ont-ology, the science of fossils, -ist, -ical ; -zoic, denoting the

lowest fossil-bearing strata and the earliest forms

of
life.

Palaestra, palestra (TvaXaicnpa a wrestling school, fr. ird\a((o wrestle), (i) a public place devoted to
athletics, (2) wrestling, athletics
;

palaestric.

Palj,

palim- (TrdXiv back, again), palil-logy, repetition of a word or words (7ra\i\\ojia, the v
palin-,

changed to X for euphony); palim-pses,t (i/m&> to rub), a parchment from which one writing has been erased to make room for another; palin-drome, v. drome ; -ode, a recantation -genesis, a new birth,
;

regeneration. Pallas (HaAAcfc, -aSo? the goddess of wisdom and war among the Greeks, corresponding to Lat. Minerva).

palladium, an image of Pallas the safety of Troy depended on the preservation of such an image,
;

tion

hence it now means anything that affords protecand safety.

Pan (Hdv the god of pastures, forests and flocks, half man and half goat), pandean, adj. pan-ic (thr. Fr.), sudden fear, such as is felt at night in lonely
;

places,

supposed

to

be inspired by Pan.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Pan-,
v.

IO?

pas. Para-, par- (Trapd from, beside, against, v. second part of word), para-basis ; -blc,v. bal ; -bola ; -bole; -boloid ;
-centric,
-clete, v.

deviating
cal;

from

circularity

-cJironism ;

-cyanogen, a substance formed from

;

mercury cyanide by heating

-graph;
-nympJi
ish
;

-leipsis ;
-pJi (thr.

-logism

; fr.

-dox; -genesis ; -lysis; -meter; -noea ;

;

-digm

O. Fr.

Trapd
;

ypd(f>a)
;

a flour-plcgia
;

under a signature); -phernalia

;

-phrase
;

-sclene ; -site ; -taxis

-thesis

-tonic

par-acrostic

-agoge ;

-allax ; -allel ;
-+-

-antJielion (CLVTI

-allelograin ; -allel-opiped ; ^Xto?); -antJiine ; -egoric, v. agora;

-embole (eV
praise)
;

/SoX?));

-cncJiyma
;

-enesis

(alve'o)

to

-entliesis (eV

+ riBrj/jLL)

-Jielion; -ish, v. oec- ;

;

-ody ; -ole(Yv. thr. Lat.

fr. Tra/oa/SoX?;)

-onym ;

-otid;

-oxysm

'-oxytone.

Paradise (TrapdSeia-os a deer park, park, fr. Per. pairidacza, an enclosure). Paradisca, the birds of paraparadisia, a genus of ornamental plants. Partheno- (Trapdevos a maiden), partJieno-gcne sis, reproduction without sexual union PartJicnon, the Doric
dise
; ;

temple of

Athene the Virgin, on the Acropolis of

Athens
wi/r

Parthen-ope (HapOevoTrij one of the Sirens, face), the eleventh planetoid.

;

Pas, pan-, pant- (vra?, fern. ira<ra, nentr. Trdv, gen. Travro? pasigrapJiy, a system of writing for universal all).

use; diapason, the principal stop in an organ, the concord through all the notes. pan-acca, a remfor all diseases -cratium, v. -crat ; -creas ; -dect edy
;

(Se-^ofjiat to

receive), a treatise containing the

;

whole
v.

of

any science; -demic ; -demonintn

-egyric,

108

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
agora ; -Jiellenism, the desire for the political union of all Greeks; -logism, the doctrine that the universe is a manifestation of the Logos -oply, v. Jiopl- ; -opti;

con; -orama; -presbyterian ; -spermatism, the doctrine that organic germs are universally diffused -techa place where all kinds of manufactured nicon,
;

articles
(tcro?

are sold
icpaTe<0);

-theism

-theon.

pant-isocracy

panto-graph,

an instrument for

copying, reducing, or enlarging maps, charts, etc.; -meter, an instrument -logy, universal knowledge
;

for measuring angles or determining perpendiculars -mime, originally a show where everything was im;

itated,

nothing spoken

-morpJiic, taking all

shapes

-phagous ; -scopic. Path- (7ra#o? suffering, passion, feeling, pathos, deep path-etic ; patho-geny, the mode of develfeeling),
.

opment
ease
;

of a disease, -genetic, -genie, producing dis-gnomy, the science of the signs of human
-logy,
;

passions;
idio-pathy

-logist,

-logic;
;

allo- ;

anti-

homoeosuffix,

a-pathy, -pathetic; ; hydro-; nenro- ;

sym- ;

tele- ;

of disease or

-/^/^(Med.), morbid state,

used for any kind

Patr- (jrarrip, Trar/ao? father), patri-arch, -archal ; -arcJiate, the office or residence of a patriarch patr-o;

nymic,

v.

-onym

patri-ot, -otic, -otism

(Trar/Ji&m;?

one of the same descent or race, cf. iraTpk fatherland); cf. many words from Lat. pater, e.g. patrician, patrimony, paternal, etc. Pause (Travw make to cease TraOcri? a
;

halt, cessation).

Pect-

(Trtjyvv/jii

make

fast,
;

TT^/CTO?

fixed

or

fastened).

pect-ic,

congealing

-in, -ine,

a jelly obtained from

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
;

IOQ

-ose, a substance found in unripe fruits, ripe fruits so called because it is insoluble in water -ous, con;

sisting of pectose, or pectin.

fr. Trait, Trcu&fc, v. paed-. P6d- (TreSov the ground), parallelopi-pcd (7rapd\\r)\o<f parallel, brhrtSov on the ground, hence a plane

Fed-,

a prism whose bases are parallelograms. Pegasus (HrfycKros the winged horse of the Muses, supposed to have sprung from the blood of Medusa
figure),

and

have produced, with a blow of its hoof, the poetically inspired fountain Hippocrene fr. ^77777
to
;

a spring).
Peir-, v. pir-.

Pelagos

pelagian, (-Tre'Xayo? the sea, esp. the open sea), pelagic, marine, oceanic, pertaining to the deep sea.
Arcld-pelago,
v. arcJi-.

Pente (TreWe

five),

penta-cliord, an instrument with five

strings, or a system of five sounds; -capsnlar (Lat. capsula, diminutive of capsa, box), (Bot.) having five

seed vessels
the

-coccous,
five

having

five
;

seeds
in

penta-d.

number
;

in

the abstract

chemistry an
;

element that
-dactylous
lines
five

will

unite univalent atoms

-dactyl,

-glot,

a book written in five different

languages; -gon,
pistils

-gonal ;

-gram, a figure of
star; -gynian,
;

five

forming a five-pointed
;

having

-Jicdral,

-Jicdron

-meter, a verse of

-petalous ; -pliyllous ; -polis, a confederation of five cities; -spennous ; -stick ; -tcuch (rei)%o? implement, book), the first five books of the Old
five feet;

Testament
fiftieth

Pente-cost
after

(f)

TrevrijKoo-rr)

rjfjiepa

the

day

the

Passover);

pent-acrostic,

110

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
containing five acrostics of the same name; -ane, a paraffin hydrocarbon, C 5 12 -archy.

-penth (TrevOos

moving

ne-penthe (y-tfjr&Q'fa repain, sorrow), sorrow vr\ not), a drug that banishes pain
;

genus of pitcher plants. Fr. and Lat fr. Traicovia, so called from its Peony (thr. medicinal qualities fr. Haidv the physician of the
;

ne-pentJies, a

gods).
Peps-, pept- (TreWft) or TreTrra) fut. Tre^ra) to cook, digest). -one, pept-ic, relating to or promoting digestion the name of a class of albuminoids into which the
;

nitrogenous elements of food are converted by the

action of the gastric or pancreatic juice; pepsin,

a ferment in gastric juice; dys-pepsia ; eu-. Peri- (wept around), v. second part of word, peri-anth
-ine,

-apt (aTTTO) to fasten), an amulet; -bolos / -cardiac; -cardium ; -carditis ; -carp ; -cJiaetium (^airrj long hair), the circle of leaves about the sexual organs of certain plants -clase ; -cope ; -cranium ; -drome ; -gee ; -gynous ; -helion ; -meter; -od, -odic ; -oeci ;
;

-osteum,

-ostitis ;

-patetic

(Trareco

walk),

walking

about, pertaining to the philosophy of Aristotle, who gave his instructions while walking, -ism ;
-phery, -pJieral, -pkeric
;
;

-phrase, -plirastic ; -pteral ;

-pterous

-scii ;

-scope

-sperm

-spheric ;

-stalith

(la-rrjfju to stand,

\idos stone), a line of standing stones surrounding a burial mound -style ; -to;

netim,
spas-.

-toneal,

-tonitis ;

-tropal ;

-spomenon,

v.

Petal- (ireTaXov a leaf),

petal ;
;

-ine, adj.

-ite,

a min-

eral with leaf-like cleavage

-oid ; -on, the plate of

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

I I [

gold worn on the mitre of the Jewish high priest; -ons, having petals a-petalous ; bi- ; hexa- ; mono-;
;

gamo-.
Petr- (Trerpa a rock),

petrean, pertaining to rock

petro-

drome, an elephant shrew of Mozambique -gale (<ya\f) a weasel), the rock kangaroo -geny, the
;

science of the origin of rocks; -glyphy ; -grapJiy ; cf words f r. Lat. petra Trerpa petrary, a -logy ;
.

military engine for hurling stones; petrify (petra facto, to make) petrescent, converting into stone
;

+
;

petroleum (oleum, oil cf. Gr. eXcuop) saltpetre. Phaeton (thr. Fr. and Lat. fr. 3?aedwv son of Phoe; ;

bus,

He obtained leave from his the sun god. father to drive the chariot of the Sun but, being unable to restrain the horses, was hurled down;

wards by Zeus).
Phag(<f>ayeiv aorist inf., to eat).
;

sive ulcer, -cdenic

-o-cyte,
it

pJiag-edcna, a corroa white blood corpuscle,

etc.

so called because
;

devours bacteria,

(/euro?

a vessel) antJiropo-pliagons ; carpo- ; geo- ; coprop/iagan, a beetle that lives on dung (/coVpo? dung);
pliyto-pliagan; loto-pJiagi ; ocso- or eso-pJiagus (otcrw, sarcof ut. associated with <e/j<i> to bear), the gullet Xi#o? o-aptco<f>dyo<; pJiagns ((rapt;, gen. o-apKo's flesh).
;

a kind of limestone which, like slacked lime, was hence, a coffin supposed to consume the flesh
;

made
Phalanx

of

this

stone,

and, later, any

(i) In

monumental

chest or vase.
(<j)d\ayj;, -017709

later the phalanx, the

infantry in

Homer, a line of battle Greek method of drawing up a compact mass; (2) a round piece of
;
;

112

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
wood, the bone between the joints of fingers and toes; (3) a kind of spider, so called from the long
joints of its legs),

phalanx
the

in

English has mean;

and 2. ings regularly from

i
;

pJialanstery (thr. Fr.

<f>d\ayt;),

formed

ir-

common

dwelling of

a community living together on a plan proposed by Fourier plialanstereanism. phalangium, a genus

of

spiders to which the daddy-long-legs belongs,

fut.

phalangius, adj.
Phan-, phen-, phas(</>aiW>,

fyavw to shine, show;

vis-

<acw an appearance)
ible),

plianero-gamic (tyavepos vis-a I ;

ible,

having organs of reproduction distinctly -gamous ; phantasm (<f>dvTa<r/j,a vision),

pJiantasm-agoria, a fantastic series of illusive picexhibition of images by a magic tures or images

;

lantern
last

phantom ; fantasy ; fantastic ; fancy (these four words thr. O. Fr. and Lat. fr. fydvTaapa
;

and

(fravTaaia
;

distinct

a vision); a-phan-istic (Min.), ina-phan-ite, a kind of diorite, so called

it

because the minerals composing

guishable

are

indistin-

by

the

naked

eye

a-pliani-pterous,

(Entom.), without

apparent wings;

dia-pJianous,

transparent; dia-phan-eity ; epi-phany, a showing forth, the glorious appearing of Christ to the wise

men hiero-phant, one that teaches the sacred rights of religion, a priest syco-pJiant (avKocfidvrrjf an informer, slanderer, false accuser according to the
; ; ;

ancients

derived

from

trv/cov

fig

(fxiivco,

fig

shower, perhaps
tation of

one who informed on persons

tlieo pJiany, a manifesactual appearance, -phanic.

exporting figs from Attica);

God

to

man by

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

113

phenomenon (<f)aivo(jievov, passive participle of is seen, <f>aiva>, something that appears) phenomcn;

ist, -a/,

-alism

plien-ol (a hybrid word,

<atW

shine,

Lat. oleum, oil); phen-acetin, a medicine obtained ace tin fr. Lat. acetnm, from coal tar (phenol

vinegar)

pJicn-yl.
in
;

phase
Rhet.

appearing

in

; cm-pJiasis (e/i<a<w an a showing clearly) em;

phasise, em-phatic.

Pharmac-

(<j>dp/j,aKov

drug, remedy),

pharmac -y ;

-eutic,

pertaining to pharmacy, -cutist ; pharmaco-lite, arseniate of lime -logy ; -legist ; -poeia (Troieoo make),
;

a book describing the preparations of medicines. Pharyng- ((frdpvyt;, -1*7709 throat), pharynx, the cavity
into
adj.
;

which the nose and mouth open pJiaryng-eal,

;

-itis ;

-o-toiny.

Phas-,

v. pJian-,

also -fhcm-.

-phem-, -phet- (^^t, say).

blas-plicmc^\a(j^>r]^(t) speak

-phemons, -phcmy ; cf. blame, thr. O. Fr., a corruption of blaspheme eup hem-ism, a mild expression for one that is harsh
evil of, fr. /SXaTrrco injure),
;

or indelicate,

-istic,

-ize

Poly-pJiemus, one of the

Cyclopes, who was blinded by Ulysses; (thr. O. Fr. fr. Trpo^n^ one who speaks
prophet),
lessness).
-plietic, -pJicsy.

pro-phet
before, a

a-phasia (cKpaa-ia speech-

Phen-,

v.

phan-.

Pher-, phor- (tyepo) bear, bring, $0/309 that

which

is

meta-phor,

v.

meta

para-pJierna-lia (Lat.

borne). fr. Gr.

The goods of a Trapd + </>e/a^ a dower, fr. fa'pw). wife over and above her dowry; hence trappings,
etc.
;

pcri-pJiery,

circumference

perimeter, -pheral,

114

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
-pheric ; probably vero-nica (e^epo) -f- vi/crj victory), (i) a cloth said to have been miraculously impressed

with the face of Christ

because
to

it

when on his way to Calvary was used by a woman named Veronica

;
;

hence a handkerchief with a rep(2) a genus of plants. the repetition of the same word or words ana-pkora, at the beginning of successive clauses and sentences; dia-pJwr-esis (lit., a carrying through), an
wipe His face
resentation of Christ's face

increasing of the insensible perspiration dia-phoretic, a medicine that promotes perspiration, -pho;

retical ; a-dia-phoresis, deficiency of perspiration ; a-dia-pJiorous, neither right nor wrong (Med.) do;

ing neither good nor

star
f r.

harm

pJios-pJiorus, -pJwrous,

-phoric, -phorescent (Qaxrfyopos Lucifer, the

;

morning
derived

</><yf

light)

many chemical words

from preceding,
acid,

e.g. pJios-pJi-ate, a salt of phosphoric plwspJiatic ; pJios-pJi-ide, a combination of

phosphorus with a single element; pJios-pJi-ite, a phosphorous acid pJios-pJior-ate, to combine with phosphorus pJios-pJior-ite, phosphate of lime phos-phur-etted (fr. Fr.), combined with phosphorushypo-pliosph-ite ; electro-pJiorus, an instrument em
salt of
; ;

semaployed to obtain electricity by induction v. sem- ; am-phora (Lat. fr. a^t^opeu? from phore,
;

a/M</u

on both handled jar.

((f)i\eco
;

sides,

<Jx>p&>s

bearer),

a two-

Phil-

love,

<tXo9 a friend),

phil-ander,

flirt,

co-

quet

-antJiropy, -antJiropic, -ist ;

-ately (areX^? free

from taxation or charge, fr. re'Xo?, q.v.), stamp col-harmonic ; -hellene, -hellenist, a friend of lecting
;

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Greece
;

15

Phil-ip
of
;

(tWo? horse)

-ippic,

one of the

orations

Macedon
pJiil-,

a prefix = loving; cf. /////-American, etc., philo-logy, the study of speech, language, -legist, -logic ; -math, a lover of learning, -matJiic ; -mel,
;

Demosthenes against Philip, king of hence any bitter declamation philo-,

;

the nightingale (OtXo/^Xa the nightingale in tradition the daughter of Pandion, king of Athens, who was changed into a nightingale from /ne'Xo?
;

song (lengthened)) origin according

;

-pena or Philippine (of doubtful to some, from $1X09 + Troivr) a

penalty

according to others, from Philippine, fem.

;

of Philip

one

or from Philip, whose daughters were in sepulchre; others again derive it from Ger.

vielliebclicn,
-sopJiic ;

sweetheart)

biblio-pliile ;

-progenitiveness ; -sophy, philtre (<f>i\-rpov a love potion,

;

charm). Phleb- (<A.e\|r, <Xe/3o? a vein). pJileb-itis ; pJtlcbo-lite, a calculus in a vein -logy ; -toiny, bleeding, -tomist,
;

-tomize.

Phleg-, phlog- (<p\ej(o burn; (frXeypa, -arc? (i) a flame (2) inflammation (Med.), and so pJilcgm ; (/>Xo',
(f>\o<yo<;

a flame, a kind of flower); pJilcgin (thr. O. Fr.), the tenacious mucous of the respiratory
;

and digestive passages

ness
;

phlegm-otic; inflamed tumour, -onons ; de-pJilegmate, to deprive of superabundant water by distillation or evaporation, de-pJilegmator,

-asia,

hence sluggishness, dulinflammation; -on, an

an apparatus for

this purpose,

-pJilcgmation. pJilog-iston, the supposed principle of inflammability, -is tic, pertaining to phlogiston,

Il6

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
inflammatory
;

-opite

(w-v/r,

JUTTO?

the face

hence

fiery looking), a kind of magnesia, often of a copper colour and pearly lustre; de-pJilogisticate, to

deprive of phlogiston allays inflammation.

called

anti-phlogistic,

anything that

pJilox, a genus of plants, so

from

-phob- (<o'/3o9

flaming colour. -pJiobia, a suffix fear).

its

= fear or dislike
;

of

hydro-; ochlo- ; Anglo- ; agora-; andro-, etc. Phoen-, phen- (<I>otwf, -t/co? (i) a Phoenician (2) purplered or crimson, so called because the dye was dis-

covered by the Phoenicians; (3) the date palm). phenic-ine, a brown colouring matter produced by the action of nitro-sulphuric acid on carbolic acid
;

-ious ; plwenico-pterous, having

red wings, as the

Phoenix, a genus of palms. flamingo. Phoenix or Phenix (</>otz/i|, -i/co? the Phoenix, a fabulous bird of great beauty, supposed to have lived for five hundred years in the Arabian plains, and then to have built for itself a funeral pile, from which,
its wings, it arose the phoenix is often used as an emhence blem of immortality a person of unique excellence

after fanning

it

into flames with

immortal

or beauty.

The word has

above
;

possibly no connection

with

(frotvig

perhaps from Egyptian bcnnu,

phone-tic,
-tist.

a bird sacred to Osiris).

Phon-

((fxuvrf

sound, tone),
;

pJion-ic

phono-gram
that sounds

when

-graph, -graphic ; -lite, struck, clinkstone

a volcanic rock
;

-logy

-meter,

an instrument for showing the number of vibrations of a sounding body -scope, instrument for recording music as played, or for testing musical
;

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
strings
;

117

-type,

~tyPy> -typic.

character used to represent a sound, anti-phon, the chant or alternate sing-

ing, -phony, -phonal, -ic ; antJiem is the same word as antiphon, but came into the English language before the Norman Conquest (Anglo-Saxon form,

antefen

O.K. antym}',
;

a-phony,

loss

of

voice,

-phonic, -phono us

caco-pJiony, -phonoiis ; en-phony,

-phonic, -phonions, -phonise, -plionism ; eu-phon-icon,

a kind of upright piano eu-pJion-ium, a brass bass musical instrument hcmo-phone, a letter or word
;
;

the

having the same sound as another, -phonons, (i) of same pitch (2) of words having same sound but
;

mega-phone ; micro-phone; mono-; po/y-phony, counterpoint, -phonism, -phonic ; sym-

different spelling;

phony; tanto-phony,
v. auto-;
tele -phone.

repetition of the

same sound,

Phos, phot- ($<<?, <&>T09 light). pJios-gen, -gene, chlorocarbonic acid gas generated by the action of light
;

-phene (fyaivo) show), the luminous impression caused by pressing the eyeball; -pJior, the morning star,

Lucifer -pliorus, -pJiate, etc., v. pher-. plioto, contracted from photo-graph; -chromy, photographing in colours -gen, an illuminating oil obtained from
;

bituminous shale

-gcny,
;

photography -glyphy, pho; ;

tographic engraving

ence of

light,

-gravure (thr. Fr.) -logy, sci-logic; -meter, instrument for measuring

intensity of light, -metry, -metric ; -pJiobia; -phone, an instrument for transmitting sounds by light -sphere,
;

the luminous envelope of the sun

-type, a plate for printing produced by photography phot-opsy, sensation of flashes of light without external cause.
;
;

Il8

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
((frpd^a),

Phras-

fut. <j>pda-a) say, declare),

-logic,

phrase

(thr.

Fr.).

pJiraseo-logy,

-logical ; peri-phrase, a

of expression, circumlocution, para-phrase, a restatement of a passage a free translation in fuller and clearer terms

roundabout mode
-phmstic
;

-pJirastic ;

-phrast,

one who paraphrases;

meta-

phrase, a literal translation, -phrastic, -phrast. Phren- (0p^, fypevos the midriff or diaphragm the heart,
;

hence the understanding, intellect), phren-ic, pertaining to the diaphragm; -itis, inflammation of cf. frenzy and frantic (thr. the brain -etic, mad
; ;

O. Fr. frenetique)

-o-logy, -legist.

-phtheg, -phthong ((frOeyyopai utter a sound, speak loud and clear (frdoyyij the sound of the voice), apophthegm, a short, pithy saying, -phthcgmatic, -phtheg;

matist ; di-phthong, -a I ; tri-phthong, -al ; mono-. Phthisis (<J)0i<Ti<f consumption, decline, fr. </>#tW waste
away), pulmonary consumption. -ical, sumptive wasting the
;

pJitJiis-ic,

a conor

flesh,

having

relating to

consumption
;

-io-logy.

Phyl-

(<f>v\ov race, tribe

(f>v\rj

a tribe),

phylum, any

primary division of the animal or vegetable kingdom pJiyle-tic, pertaining to a phylum. pliylo;

geny, the tribal history of plants, -genetic. Phylac- ((f)v\ai;, -ao? a guard). pJiylac-tcry, a charm or
spell to

keep

off

danger or disease
;

pro-pJiylac-tic,

preventive against disease

pro-pJiylaxis,

mode
;

of

defending against disease.

Phyll- ((j)v\\ov a leaf), phyll-ite (\i9os}, clay-slate -ium (thr. Lat. a dim. of (j>v\\ov), a genus of leaf insects -odium (eI8o9) (Bot), a petiole which has the form
;

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
and functions
of

19

leaf-blade
;

a saw-fly or leaf-eater footed crustacean -stone, a

;

-oid ; phyllo-pJiagan, -phagous ; -pod, a leaf;

leaf-nosed bat,

-sto-

mine, adj. the stem

;

the arrangement of leaves on a kind of insect, the vine pest -xcra,

-taxis,
cliloro-pJiyll,

(77/30?

dry);

v. cJilor- ; gillyflower, v.

P- 33-

Phys-

produce (>ucrt9 nature), phys-ic, that which pertains to nature, natural originally philosophy, science of medicine, hence a medicine,
(4>vQ>, f ut. <f>vaa)
;

drug, especially a cathartic; -s ; -ical ; -icalist, one that holds that mind depends on matter -icist, one
;

versed in physics
trated
crat;

physico-tlieology, theology illus;

telling
itself,

physio-cracy, v. by natural philosophy an interpreter), the art of -gnomy (yva>fj,a)v the character from the face, hence the face

-gnomist, -gnomic; -grapJiy, a general introduction to the study of inorganic nature, often =

physical geography

-latry,

nature worship

-logy,

-logic ; pJiys-iqne (thr. Fr.).

^vented originally applied Aristotle that came after his Physics, hence, later, applied to philosophy that is beyond or transcends

mcta-pliysics (/-tera ra to certain writings of

natural philosophy).
cient sect

divine

in

mono-pliysite, one of an anwhich maintained that the human and Jesus Christ formed but one nature.

apo-physis, a process of bone; (Bot.) a swelling under the base of the spore-case of some mosses
;

sym-, union of bones by cartilage; (Bot.) union of

Phys-

parts previously separate ((f>vaa a pair of bellows),

;

epi-.

pliysa, a

genus of pond

120
snails.
;

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
pJiys-eter, a

sperm whale

((j)vcrr)r^p

a blow-

a kind of whale). pipe physo-stontous, having mouth and air-bladder connected by an air-duct,
as a fish
to

go),

-grade (a hybrid word fr. Lat. gradi, an acaleph which moves by means of a
;

vesicular organ, which buoys

it

up.

Phyt-

<u&>). (</>im>'i> pJiyto-genesis, -geny ; -graphy ; -id ; -mer (pepos a part), a plant unit, ultimate part of a plant; -nomy, science of plant

a plant,

fr.

growth

-phagan,

an

animal

that

eats
;

plants

-soan, -phagous ; -tomy, the dissection of plants an animalcule in the tissue of plants. epi-phyte, a

plant

that

grows upon another

; ;

plant, but

is

not

nourished by it ento-, a plant growing within another plant or animal neo-, a new convert, a
novice
;

zoo-,

a plant-like animal, zoo-phytic,

-pliy-

tology, -phyto logical.

Picro- (Trt/cpo? bitter;

Triicpk

a bitter herb, a kind of

carbazotic, composed of carbon endive), picric and azote picro-lite, a variety of serpentine -merite ((Ae'pos a part), a hydrous sulphate of magnesium
; ;

and potassium found

-phyll,

in

salt

fibrous

mineral

mines in Prussia from Sala, Sweden

poison in the seeds of Cocculus indicus ; picr-osmine, a mineral occurring in fibrous massive
-toxin, a

forms, having a bitter odour when moistened. Pion- (irlwv fat), pio-scope, instrument for measuring

amount

pro-pion-ic {pro, cf. to or containing a supTrpcoro? first), pertaining posed principle found in glycerine,
Pipto-, v. ftom-.

of

cream

in

milk.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Pir-, peir- (Treipdo/jiai attempt, try),

121

peira-stic, tentative.

pirate, piracy, piratical (thr.

Lat.

fr.

Treiparris,

lit.

one who attempts or attacks). em-piric (e/ATreipia experience), one who relies upon experiment and

one who confines himself to the rehis own observation, hence sometimes a quack, charlatan; as adj. = founded upon experiobservation
sults of
;

ment, -pirical ; -piricism.

Planet- (jrXdvrj

a wandering; Tr\avijrrj<f a wanderer, hence a planet), planet ; -arinm (thr. Lat.), an instrument for representing the motions of the
planets -ary, pertaining to or under the influence of planets -etic, -etical, pertaining to or resembling
;

a planet -oid, one of the smaller planets. pianoblast, a wandering bud. a-planetic, without aberra;

tion (in optics, said of a lens).

Plas- (7rXa0-a-<> form, mould, hence forge TrXacr/m, -aro? TrXaerro'? moulded). anything moulded, a figure
; ;

plasm, a mould

in

which anything

is
;

cast or

formed

plasma (i) a variety of chalcedony (2) the viscous material of a cell out of which tissue is formed;
cles, -tic, -tical ;

the fluid part of the blood as distinct from the corpusplasmic, adj.; plasm-ine, a proteid
precipitated from blood plasma by adding salts. plasmo-gcn, true protoplasm, -gony, the generation of
-lysis,

an organism from plasma; -logy= histology; contraction of protoplasm under the action of

reagents. bio-plasm, living matter; cata- (thr. Lat.), a poultice, proto-, an albuminoid substance, which constitutes the primitive tissue of animal and vegetable
life,

-plasmal, -plasmic.

plast-ic,

capable of

i22

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
being moulded
tron, (i)
;

-icity

(observe Lat. suffix)

-ilina,

plasa breastplate; (2) the under shell of the turtle; plastral, adj., pertaining to the plastron;
em-plastic (e/i-TrXao-cro) plaster up), adhesive; emplaster, a plaster for wound, etc. (fr. e^TrXaa-rpov a plaster for a wound).
Plat- (TrXarv? broad). platy-cepJialous; -pod. platane, the plane tree (thr. Lat. fr. TrXaVaz'o? the plane tree, so called from its broad, flat leaves); plane is the

modelling clay; -o-grap]iy, forgery.

plaster ;

same word
probably
Fr.).

in a corrupted

form; plantain,
TrXarai/o?.

too, is

corruption

of

plate (thr.
said to

Plato (YlXdrcov Lat. Plato, a

Greek philosopher,

have been named Aristocles, but surnamed H\drcov on account of his broad shoulders, fr. TrXcvnk broad).
Platon-ic, pertaining to Plato or
-ist,

his ideas, -ism

-is tic.

Pleon-, plio-, pleist- (irXekov or

TrXeW more, comp.

most),

of

TroXv?

many

superl.

TrXeicrro?

pleon-asm,

more than
-ast,

necessary in language, redundancy, one addicted to redundancy, -astic ; -cxia

is

(ex*

f Llt

'^ w have),

(KCLIVOS

recent), the

pleisto-cene,

morbid selfishness plio-cene most recent tertiary deposits deposits of the newest divisions of the
;
;

tertiary formation.

Pleura (vrXeupa a rib, the side), pleura, the principal serous membrane of the thorax, -/, adj.; plcnr-isy (thr. Fr. and Lat.), inflammation of the pleura, -itic,
-itical, pertaining to or having pleurisy; -odynia, pain in the muscles of the chest; pleuro-pneumonia.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Plex-,
pleg(7r\77<ro-<o,

123
;

f ut.
(lit.

7rX?7a>

strike

7r\i)yr}

stroke).
stroke).

apo-plexy

being

disabled

by a

hcmi-plegia, -plegy, paralysis of one side

body; para-plegia, paralysis of the lower of the body (originally of one side). plectrum part (thr. Lat. fr. 7r\Y)icrpov), an instrument for plucking
of

the

strings of a lyre.

Plinth

(ir\(,v6o<s

a brick), a square slab at the base of a

column.
-ploce (TT\OKI)

anything woven together, a web, fr. TrXe/co) sym-ploce (Rhet), the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning, and another at
to weave),

the end of successive clauses.

H\OVTOJV Pluto, god of the Pluto- (TlXouro? wealth lower world, so called because corn, the wealth
;

of early times,

was sent from beneath the

earth).

pluto-cracy, -crat.

Pluto, Pluton-ian; -^pertain;

ing to Pluto or his region, subterranean (Geol.) formed deep below the surface -ism, the theory that the earth's crust is due to igneous action,
;

-ist.

Pneo, pneum-

hence Trvevpa, -aro? in N.T. Trvevpa the Holy wind, breath spirit Ghost. Trvevfjiwv a lung). pneo-grapJi, an instru(TTVCQ)
;

to breathe
;

ment

an order of

for indicating respiratory movement Di-prwi, fishes having both gills and lungs.
;
;

pneumato-cyst, a small air bladder pneumat-ic pnenmato-logy, (i) the doctrine of spiritual existences, the doctrine of the Holy Spirit; (2) pneumatics; pncnmato-meter, instrument for measuring quantity of air in a respiration -sis, morbid accu; ;

124

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
mulation of gas in the body.

pnenmon-ia ;

-ic,

pertaining to the lungs Pod- (TTOV?, TroSds the foot),

-itis.

pod-agra, -agral, -agric ; -ite, a -argue (apyos swift), the more-pork bird limb of a crustacean -'mm (thr. Lat.), in Archit.
; ;

continuous

surrounded

pedestal the arena

a
of

raised

platform

which

the

amphitheatre.

podo-phyllin, a purgative obtained from the root stalk of the mayflower -phy lions, with flat, leaflike feet -sperm, the stalk of an ovule or seed.
; ;

anti-podes, those that dwell on opposite sides of the globe (lit. whose feet are opposite), -podal, -podean ;

a-podal, -podous, without feet, without ventral fins a-pod, a-pode, a footless animal; tri-fod, -al ; tri;

pos (a word erroneously having the Gr. termination -05 though derived thr. Lat. tripus from T/HTTOU?
a three-footed stool), a word belonging to Cambridge University, England, meaning the list of successful candidates for honours in the different

departments

also the

honour examination

itself.

The

peculiar history of this word may serve as a useful example. Originally a tripod, then the B.A., " Mr. Tripos," who sat on a three-legged stool to

" " Father in the philosophy school dispute with the on Ash Wednesday next the B.A.'s speech came
;

to

be called a tripos ; next his humorous verses, which were distributed, were so called then, in
;

later years

when
to

his office

became

obsolete,

the

be applied to the list of successful candidates that was published on the back of sheets of similar verses which still continued to be issued
;

word came

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
the mathematical examination
tripos ; lastly,
it

125
called the

was then

was applied

nations, poly-p, -pc, type; poly-pus (i) a polyp; (2) a kind of

-pcan, -pose, -pous, adj.

honour examian aquatic animal of the radiate

to other

tumour,

-pary (thr. late Lat. a polyp stalk, a coral; the horny outer polyparinm},
;

forms

covering of

many Hydrozoa

myrio-pod
;

(fjivpios

numberless), having numerous legs

Pos-, poem-, poet- (vroieo) make),
-Trotetu),

cf.

ped- from

Lat. pes, pedis, in centipede, pedal, etc.

epo-pee
(e-Tro?

word, song,
v.

an epic poem

onomato-poeia,

onoma-

pJiarmaco-pocia ; prosopo-poeia ; poem (irohjpa something made, a poem); poesy. (TTOITJCTIS a making, poetry); hence posy ; poet (TTO^T??? a maker, poet),
poetic
;

poet-aster, a

would-be poet.
biblio-pole.

Pol-

(TrwXe'ft) sell),

mono-poly;

Pol- (TTO'XO? pivot, axis, pole),

pole (thr. Lat.); pol-ar ; polari-meter, -scope, instruments for exhibiting the
of polarized light

phenomena
Polem(TToXeyno?

war).

polarity ; polarise. polcm-arcJi ; -ic, -ical, contro;

versial, -ics, the art of

controversy, polemo-scope, a glass with a mirror to view obliquely, so called

to

from its being used behind defences.

reia
citizenship,

observe enemies' movements

TroXm;? a citizen, TroXt-

Polls, polit-, polic- (TTo'Xt? a city,

state,

metro-,

mother

city,

Acro-polis ; government). metro politan ; necro-polis ; Nea-,

the ancient

name

of

Naples

Constantino-pie, city of

Constantine; Adriano-ple ; cf. Stamboul= e? r^v TTO\LV. cosmo-politan, v. cosmo- ; polit-ic, -ical, -ician ;
-y,

the

form or constitution of a government

126
police
;

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
policy (thr. Fr.), the system by which the affairs of a state are administered. (For insurance
policy, v.

sub poly-).

pro-polis,

resinous sub-

stance collected by bees to stop holes in their hives.

common prefix, Poly- (TroXu?, 7ro\\r), TTO\V many). andrian ; -antJins ; v. second part of word, poly
-archy ; -chrom ; -gamy ; -genesis ; -gon ; -gyny ; -Jiedral ; -nesian ; -nomial ; -pe ; -pe talons ; -phagy ; -pJiony ; pJiyllous ; -pod ; -sepalous ; -sporous ; -stome ;
-style ;

-syllabic ;
;

-syn-deton

-synthetic

-tccJinic ;

poly-antJiea, a book containing many policy (probably through Fr. poflowery extracts.

-theism, etc.

lice ;

It.

polizza, a

bill,

policy,

through Lat.

politi-

cum from
f r.

iro\vTTTV)(o<;

having

many

folds or leaves
;

TroXw

+ TTTVJ;,

-TTTf^d? a fold, leaf)

v. policy,

un-

der polis.

Pomp-

(TTOHTTY)

sion

fr. 7re/i7ra)

a sending, conducting, escort a processend); pomp ; -ons, -ousness ; -osity.

;

Pont- (TroWo? sea, o TroVro? the Black Sea). Pontic, pertaining to the Black Sea Pro-pontis, now called Sea
;

of

Marmora

Hellespont, the Dardanelles, so called

because Helle was drowned there when being taken across on the back of a ram.
Por(TTO'/JO?

a river ford, a passage, route,

Fr.)
;

journey).

pore

por-ous, -ose, -osity, -ousness; pora perforate coral itc, Bos-porns, pori-{ferons) Bos-pJiorus (the latter an erroneous form), lit. the
(thr.
; ;

passage of the ox

cf.

em-porium on the way

(thr.
e'v,

Lat.
;

fr.

with this the Eng. Oxford ; e/zTro/oo? a traveller, one

find a

porism (iropi^w hence bring about, procure, deduce

Tro'/ao?)
;

Tropcr/ia),

way, a

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

I2/

corollary, a proposition to find the conditions that will ensue under certain problems indeterminate;

porismatic, poristic. Porphyr-, purp- (Tropfyvpa the purple shell-fish hence a dye obtained from it), porpliyr-y, a kind of rock
; ;

-ise,

make

like

porphyry, or to grind on a slab of

purple (thr. Fr. from porphyry; -itic, -aceous. Lat. purpura fr. 7rop(f>vpa). porporine (thr. It.), an alloy of quicksilver, tin, and sulphur. purpuric, purpurcal.

Pos-

(TTOO-IS

a drinking,

fr.

irivw drink),

sym-posinm (a
;

drinking together), a merry feast, banquet

;

-posiac,

pertaining to revels -post-arch, chairman or director of a feast cf. words derived fr. Lat. poto, drink,
;

potation, potable, etc.

Potamo-

(Trora/Lio'i?

a river),

potamo-logy, -logical ;

Jiippo-

potamus ; Meso-potamia (/ne'cro? middle, in the middle), the region between the Euphrates and the
Tigris Prag-,
;

Aegos-potami.

pract-, prax- (Tr/aarra), f ut. 7rpdj-a>

do

Trpajfjia

something done, TrpatcriKos fit for doing 7r/oat<? a doing), pragmat-ic, an ordinance issued by the head of a state -ical, diligent, offi;

a deed,

act

cious,

meddlesome -ism;
; ;

practic-al, -able, etc.

;

O. Fr.); an example praxis, practice,

-ist ; practic-e (thr.

for practice a-praxia, loss of the uses of objects.

power

to recognize

Presbyt-

(tr/)^r/8vs old,

com par.

Trpeafivrepos elder),
;

pres-

by-opia, indistinct vision

from old age

;

-ope,

one so

-erian, -eria.nism, so presbyt-er, an elder called because government of the church is vested

affected

128
in elders

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
;

-ery,

body

of elders
;

hence a

district

governed by such a body

-erian.

the space in a cathedral between the altar and the choir; -eral, -erial =

Prism

(irpurfia,
fr. 7773
;

-aro?
1&>

something
p.rism
-ical.

sawed, a
;

block

of

wood,
Pro-

to saw),

-oid =

-atoid ; like

a prism
(TT/OO

prismat-ic,

before, for), v. second part of word, pro-blem, bal ; -boscis (/3oW&> feed), lit. that which feeds in front, i.e. the hollow tube projecting from the head of
v.
;

elephants and other animals as well as insects -cardium, the pit of the stomach, so called from its position
-cerite (icepas horn) / -em (thr. Lat. fr. otfto? way, road), preface, introduction, -cmial ; -emptosis, v. -pto ; -gnatJiic (yvdOo<? jaw), having projecting
;

jaws; -gnosis, -gnostic

sis, -leptic ;
tic ;

-gramme; -legomena
-phesy, -phet
;

; -lep-

-logue
;

; -pJiasis ; ;

-plasm
;

-pylaeum

-pylite ; -pylon ;

-phy lac-scenium ;

-state

-style ;
to,

-tasis ; -thesis.

Pros-

(Tr/909

toward),

pros-clyte (tfXvOa I

came), a
;

convert to

some

religion,

opinion,

etc.

-elytize,

-elytism ; -cncJiyma ; -eitcJia (ey^o/Aai pray), a place of devotion, esp. a Jewish chapel that was not a synagogue -ody, -odial ; -t/iesis.
;

Proter- (Trporepos former, before

a comparative of the
;

superlative TT/XWTO?, there being no positive but cf. a ripening of the stamens before TT/JO), proter-andry,

the

pistils,

-androus

protero-gyny,

ripening

of

pistils

before stamens, -gynous.

first
;

Proto-

(T^/OCOTO?

cf. TT/JO
;

word,

prot -agonist

-eid,

before), v. second part of constituent of food, as

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
;

29

-ein, the essential element of gluten, albumen, etc. a proteid proto-col'; -genesis; -gine (yfyvo/juu become, be), a variety of granite found in the Alps; -graph ; -martyr; -notary or protlio-notary, a chief
;

clerk (a hybrid

word from Lat.

;

notarius, a notary)
;

proto-phyte rian ; -type

-plasm
-zoan.

-plast

-ptcrous

-spore ; -the-

Psalm, psalt- (i|ra\X<u play upon a stringed instrument a song sung to a stringed instrument
a harper),
-odic, v.

;.

od ;

psalm- ody, -odist, psalter, the book of Psalms; psaltery, a

psalm,

-ist ;

kind of stringed instrument. Pseud- (tyevBo/jiai to deceive), pseud- epigraph, spurious writings -epigrapJiic, -graft/tons, inscribed with a
;

name, pertaining to the biblical pseudepigrapha ; -onym, -onymous ; -opia, deceptive vision.
false

psendo-, a prefix

= false

-apostle

-bleftsis,

visual

deception; -graph;
crystalline

-morft/i,

a mineral having the

form of another, -morpJiic ; -scope, an instrument that shows objects with their proper
(-ty-vyr)
;

relief reversed.

Psych-

breath, soul, spirit),

-ical ; -ist,

psych-e, the soul,

;

mind

-ic,

a spiritualist
;

-iatry,

medical

treatment of mental diseases

chic development
;

psycho-genesis, psy-

-logy, -logic, -logist ;

-mancy

necromancy ; -nosology (ro'cro<? a disease), the science of mental disease -sis, a -pathy, mental disease
; ;

met-em-psychosis (perd + eV), the passing of the soul after death into another animal

mental disease.

Pter-

body, transmigration. (Trrepov (i) a feather,

wing;

(2)

the

rows of

130

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
columns along the sides of Greek temples), piergenus of fishes; ptero carpous, having winged fruit -dactyl, an extinct flying reptile,
ichthys, a fossil
;

-ma, a side wall -pe (TTOU? foot), flying -dactylous fox, fruit bat -pod, having limbs like flappers for
;
; ;

swimming;
sides
;

-saur, a pterodactyl.

a pter-al, (i) des-

titute of wings, (2)

having no columns along the

; ;

-ous, wingless -inm, a part of the skin of a bird without feathers.

-an, a wingless insect

lepido-ptera, -ptetist, v. lepido- ; mono-pteron, -pteros, a temple constructed of columns arranged in a circle, -pteral ; Di-ptera, an order of insects having

two wings; di-pterous ; di-pteral, (i) having two wings, (2) having a double row of columns on each
of the flanks
peri-ptery, a building with a range of columns all around -pteral ; peri-pterous, feathered on all sides. pteryg oid (Trrepv%, -1/705 a wing),
;

wing-shaped; A-pteryx, a genus of birds with rudimentary wings and no tail.

Ptom-, ptos- (7TT<w//,a a fall, disaster a corpse TTTWCTLS a falling, fr. TTITTTQ) to fall), ptom aine, an alkaloid derived from decaying animal matter; sym-ptom
; ;

(thr.

Fr.

fr.

av/jLTriTrra)

fall

together

hence a

change

in the

inability to

body that indicates disease). ptosis, raise the upper eyelid; met- em ptosis,

the solar equation necessary to prevent the calendar new moon from falling a day too late, or the supin

pression of leap year once in 134 years (lit. a falling beyond); pro-em-ptosis, the opposite of the preceding, the addition of a day every 300 years to

prevent the

new moon's happening

a day too soon.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Ptychlet
list

131

(7TTt>x?7

a fold), di-ptych, an ancient writing tabthat consisted of two hinged leaves; hence, a of names deserving of special commemoration
;

at the celebration of the eucharist

tri-,

a folding

writing tablet in three parts

parts.

an

altar piece in three

Purp-, v.porphyr-.
Pus-, v. pod-.
(TTVOV pus), py-aemia, -emia, a disease caused by the absorption of pus in the blood, -aemic ; -oid. pycn-ite, a variety of topaz; Pycn- (TTVKVOS thick),

Py-

pycn-odont, a fossil fish pycno-meter, instrument to ascertain specific gravity of a body.

;

Pygm-

(trvy/jiij

the

fist,

hence a measure of 13^ inches,

the
knuckles).

the distance from the elbow to

pygmy, pigmy ; pygmean.

Pyl-

pylon (TrvXvv a gateway), a monumental gateway to an Egyptian temple pylorus (ovpos guard), the orifice of the stomach through
(TrvXr)

door, gate),

which the food passes

into

from

Thermo-pylae (Oeppos hot), its hot springs pro-pylaenm, an ornamental structure in front of a temple or other building;
;

lit.

the intestines, -oric ; Hotgates, so called

pro-pyl-ite,

districts, so called

a volcanic rock found in silver-mining because it was supposed to have

in volcanic geology, -pylitic.

opened a new epoch

Pyr(irvp
fire),

pyr-acanth,

southern Europe;

the evergreen thorn of -argyr-itc, a sulphide of silver

;

and antimony

-cue, a hydro-e, a funeral pile carbon obtained from coal tar; -heliometcr, an instrument to measure intensity of sun's heat
;

132

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
-idine, a liquid of
tar,

pungent odour, derived from coal

;

used for asthma

-ope,

Pyret-ic (Try/oero? a fever), feverish, a

dark red garnet medicine for

;

fever

anti-pyretic,

medicine

that

allays

fever.

pyreto-logy ; pyrexia, fever, pyrexial, pyrexic ; pyrites (TrvpiTrjs a flint, a mineral that strikes fire),

sulphur combined with iron, copper, nickel, etc., pyrit-ic, -ons ; pyritize, to convert into pyrites.
pyro-chlore, a

mineral, so called

from

its

colour

under
fluid

blowpipe; -electric; pyro-gen, (i) a substance which produces fever, (2) the electric
;

the

-genie,

causing fever

-genous, causing heat

;

igneous -gnostic, denotthe qualities of a mineral observed by the ing blowpipe; -latry ; -logy ; -mancy ; -mania, insane passion to set things on fire -meter, instrument
or

produced

by

heat,

for

measuring very high degrees of heat, -metry,

;

-metric; -morphons, crystallizing upon fusion; -phanous, rendered transparent by heat -phorus, a substance that takes fire on exposure to air,

-phorons ; -scope, an instrument for ascertaining the intensity of radiant heat; -sis, a disorder of to the stomach, heartburn -tecJinic, pertaining
;

fireworks,

-teclmy

-tic,

caustic

-xylin

(%v\ov

wood), an explosive obtained by immersing vegealso in forms table fibre in nitric acid, gun-cotton
;

produced by the distillation of wood, em-pyr-eal, -ean, formed of pure fire or light, heavenly (the empyrean was the highest heaven of the ancients, where the pure element of fire was
-xyline, -xyle ; -xylic,

supposed to

exist);

em-pyreuma (e^irvpev^a a

live

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

133

coal covered with ashes so as to allow of the fire

being rekindled), in Chem. the pungent taste of animal and vegetable matter burned in close vessels anti-pyrin, a em-fyrical, pertaining to combustion
;

febrifuge obtained from coal tar. Pyramid (fr. Trvpapk, -1809 a word of Egyptian origin).

pyramid-ic,

-al.

Pyrrhic (Trvppi^rj a kind of war dance named after the inventor ITu/ap^o? TTOV? 7rvppi%io<; the measure
;

used in the Pyrrhic dance), a foot consisting of two short syllables, a pyrrhic.

Pyth- (TlvOa) the older name of Delphi and the surrounding region, noted for its temple of Apollo and

famous oracle
Apollo). bration of

HvOwv Python,
;

serpent

slain

there by Apollo
the

Delphi or the interval between one celepytJiiad,

irvOios pertaining to

Pythian

games

and

the

next

Pythia, the priestess of Apollo at Delphi, Pythian ; python, a genus of large snakes; pytJion-ic, (i) pertaining to or like a python, (2) oracular Pythoness, the priestess at Delphi, Pythia pytJion-ism, the art
; ;

of predicting events.

Rhaps- (paTTTw

stitch),

rliaps-ody, -ode, -odist, -odize.

Rheo-, rheu-, -rrh (pea) flow). rJieo-meter, an instrument for measuring the strength of an electric current,

-metry ;
rent

-motor (a

hybrid

word,

Lat.

mover), any apparatus by which an

;

electric

motor, a cur-

is originated -phore, v. pher, the conductor joining the poles of a voltaic cell -scope, an instrument for determining the strength or existence of
;

an

electric current

-stat,

an instrument for regu-

134

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
lating the electric current; -tome, an instrument for cutting it off -trope, an instrument for chang;

rheum (thr. O. Fr. ing its direction. a flow), a discharge of any of the
rhenmat-ic, -ism.
rrhoea, -rrJioetic
;

fr. peu//,a,

-aro?
-y ;

organs;
;

cata-rrh, -rrJial, -rrhons

dia-

Rhetor-

(pijrcap,

-0/005

hemo-rrhoids, -rrJioi-dal, v. haeman orator). rJietor-ic, science of

Cf. the Lat. orator

oratory, speaking; -ical ; -ician. and its English derivatives.

Rhin-

(/oi<?,

pivds

the

nose).

rJiino-ceros ;

-plasty,

the

process
-scope,
-scopic.

of

an

forming an artificial nose, -plastic; instrument for examining the nose,

rJiis-ome,

Rhiz- (p%a a root).

grows under
shoots
;

ground
;

and

a root-like stem that sends upward leafy

root-bearing.

-o-pJiagous

-o-pJiorous,

Rhodo-, rod- (p68ov a rose). r]iod-anic, denoting an acid that produces a red colour with salts of iron -turn,
;

a metal, so called from the rose colour of its salts -o-dendron. rodo-mel, the juice of roses mixed with honey. Rhoda, proper name.
;

Rhomb-ic,

(/jo'/u./3o5

spinning

top

or wheel,

a magic

wheel;

later a

rhomb, lozenge),

rhombus, rhomb,

-oid, -oidal ;

-o-hedron, a solid contained

(thr.

by

six

rhombic planes, -ohedral ; rhumb

a point of the compass, v. any point of the compass.
first

O. Fr. romb,
of
/oo'/x/So?),

meaning

Rhync- (^y%o? snout),

toothed
;

rJiynco-lite,

rhync-odont, having the beak the fossil beak of a bird.

time, rhythm,
fr. peon

Rhythm- (pvOpos measured motion,

flow),

rhythm,

-ic,

-ical ;

en-rhythmy, harmonious

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
movement;
is

135

Note that regularity of the pulse. so spelt through a mistaken idea that it rJiyme was connected with rhytlim. The older and more
correct spelling number, count.
-rrh, v. rheo-.
is

rime, from

Anglo-Saxon riman,

Sacc-

-rrhag- (pifowfu break, burst). hemo-rrJiage, v. Jiaem-. CMC/CO? a bag, sack, fr. Heb. sag; most deriva(CT tives in Eng. come thr. the Lat. saccns, a bag).
sacc-ate,

bag-shaped

-ular, like a

sack

-ule,

little

a cyst; sack; sac; sacque (a pseudo-Fr. spelling fr. Fr. sac, a loosely hanging garment for men or women). In Zoology, etc., word is fr. Lat.
sack,

or Gr. according as the second part of the Lat. or Gr.

word

is

Sacchar

saccJiar-ic, -me, -ons ; -ite, a sugar), -o -meter, inof felspar of vitreous lustre variety strument for ascertaining the amount of sugar in a solution, -metry ; saccho -lactic, acid obtained from
(o-a/c^a/>
;

sugar of milk
<e/oo));

sacckari-ferous

Lat. fero, bear, cf

-fy (Lat. facio, make), convert into sugar.

Sapro-

(o-aTr/ao?

putrid),
;

sapr-aemia, -emia, septic poi-

soning, -aemic

-genons ;

sapro-genic, causing putrefaction, -phagan, a beetle that feeds on decaying

;

matter, -pJiagous

-phyte, a plant

which grows on

decaying vegetable matter, -pJiytic. Sarc- (crdpt;, o-a/o/eo? flesh aapicd^w rend flesh like a dog, hence show the teeth, sneer), sarc-asm, -astic ;
;

an organic base existing in the juice of mussarcoflesh -itis, muscular inflammation blast, the germ of animal protoplasm -carp, the
-ine,

cular

136

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
fleshy part of certain fruits
flesh;
-de,
;

-col,

gum

resin

-id,

animal protoplasm, -die; resembling that deals with the soft parts of -logy, anatomy the body, -logic; -ma, a tumour of fleshy consistence;

-phagous,

-pJiagal ;
;

-pJiagus
-sis,

-pJiile,

flesh-eating animal, -philous

-style,

a fleshy tumour;
;

a muscular
;

fibril

-tic,

causing flesh to grow

-us, fleshy

ate

of

sarkin-ite (a-dptcivos fleshy), an arsenimanganese, so called from its blood-red

fr.
;

colour.

Satan
"

(Zaravds

Satan,

Heb.

word

meaning

enemy

").

satan-ic, -ism
;

satano-phany, a mani-

festation of Satan

-phobia.

Satyr (o-aTvpos a satyr, a sylvan deity, represented as

part man, part goat
for lasciviousness
;

the satyrs were distinguished

riot),

and

satyr-ic, -ical ;

-al, in

heraldry a monster having the head of a man and limbs of various animals -iasis, morbid passion.
;

Saur- (o-aOpo? a lizard).

having scales and track of a Saurian

fossil fish

Saur-ia, an order of reptiles legs, -ian ; -ichnite, the fossil

-iosis,

a skin disease in which

;

the skin becomes like that of a lizard

-oid,

a large

resembling the Saurians.

ichtliyo-sau-

rns

megalo-; dino-saur, -ian (Seivos terrible), a large

fossil lizard.

-sbest-

quenched, fr. a-pevvvfju, fut. a-fiea-a hence ao-ySeo-ro? unquenched, hence endquench, as noun, asbestos, an indestructible less, ceaseless
(cr/3eo-T09
;

asbest-os, -ic ; mineral), made of asbestos -oid.

;

-ine,

pertaining

to

or

Scandal (o-fcdvBa\ov a snare

laid for

an enemy, stumbling-

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
block, trap
;

137

the word

is

a later form of

scandal-ize ; -ous ; 9pov the spring of a trap). slander (thr. O. Fr. esclandrer\ v. doublets, p. 37. Scaph- (<rKd(j)r) a hollow vessel of any kind, a light skiff).
scapJi-ander,

a diver's

suit

-ism,

punishment

among the Persians which consists in smearing a person with honey and placing him in a hollow tree to attract wasps, etc. -oid, resembling a boat.
;

Seen- (aKr\vr) a tent, booth, scaffold or stage for acting, hence the stage), sccn-e, the stage, hence the

hangings, hence a scene; -ery ; -ic ; -ario (fr. It), a skeleton libretto of a dramatic work; the plan of a play sceno-graphy, the art of perspec;

tive,

-grapJiic.

pro-scenium, the stage

the

part

of the stage in front of the drop-screen.

Seep-, scop- (o-KCTTTOfjLai, fut. ovcei/royiicu look carefully at ovcoTreicu to look GKeTTTiKos thoughtful, doubtful at).
;
;

sceptic,

-al, -ism; scepsis, skepsis, philosophical doubt (oW^ri?). v. bar- ; cmnio-; elecbaro-scope,

tro-;

galacto-;

Jielio-;

Jioro-;

Jiygro-;

kaleido-, v.
tele-;

cat-;

laryngo-;

micro-;

opJitJialmo-;

pJia-

ryngo-; pseudo-; rJieo-; spectro-; stetJio-; strobo-; -scope indicates the instrument, -scopy the use of

the instrument,
-scopy,
-scopic.

-scopic, adj.

form,

i.e.

stetho-scope,

epi-scopacy (eWcr/co-Tro?

an over-

looker, a bishop), the government of the Church by bishops, the established religion in England,
-scopal, -scopalian ;

-scopate, a bishopric, the

body
of

of bishops

v.
it

bishop (a

much corrupted form

eViWoTTo?

Eng. language with the arrival of Christianity about 497 A.D.), p. 31.
;

came

into the

138

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

Sceptre (a-KrjTrTpov a staff or stick to lean upon, a sceptre,

fr. crKiJTrro)

prop, support),

sceptral.

Schem- (cr^/ua, -aro9 form, shape, hence show, pretence, fr. e%<u, fut. O-%^O-G) to have), schema, a diagram or
graphical representation of certain relations of a system of things sckemat-icism, particular form or
;

disposition of a thing; -ist, -ize ; schcm-e, -er, -ist. Schis- (<r%io> split a^ia^a a rent, split), schism, schis;

mat-ic, -ical, -ize

scJiist (er^to-rcte split),

-ic,

a rock hav-

ing a slaty structure;

-ose, -ous,

admitting of

division into slates like schist, v. under Zest, p. 36. hence a work of Schol- (a")(o\r) leisure, spare time
;

leisure,

a learned

disputation

hence the place

(thr.

where such lectures were given, a school), schol-ar O. Fr. and Lat. schola) -astic (thr. Lat. fr.
;

er;oA,a<rT/co'9), -asticism ; -him, a marginal annotation, a note (o-^o'Xtoi/); -iast, an annotator; -iastic.

school (thr. O. Fr. and Lat). a ghost), Scia-, scio-, ski- (ova'a a shadow scia-, sciathe art of delineating shadows correctly graphy, (i)
;

(2) in Arch, a geometrical section of a building to exhibit its interior structure (3) the art of finding the hour by the shadows of the sun, moon,
in

drawing

etc.; scio-graph,

eclipses
i.e.

-tJieric

-graphic; -metry, the doctrine of (a-Kiddrjpov the shadow catcher,

dijpda) hunt, chase), pertaining the art of dialling scio-mancy ; sci-theism, worship of ghosts, ancestor worship optic, -o'pticon, -optric, v. opt- ; skia-grapli, the pic-

a sun-dial,

fr.

to

a sun-dial

ture taken

by the X-rays

-scopy, the

shadow
;

test

for determining the refraction of the eye

a-scian t

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
;

139

one that casts no shadow at noon arnpki-scii, -scians, the inhabitants between the tropics, whose shadows in one part of the year are cast north, and in the other south anti-, those living on different sides of the equator, whose shadow's at noon
;

are cast in different directions

hetero-, q.v.

peri-,

the inhabitants of the frigid zones, whose shadows, on some days, describe an oval. Squirrel, v. p. 36.
Sciatica (thr. O. Fr.
Scler(ar/c\i]pd<>

la^iov the hip-joint). scler-ema, a hardening of dry, hard),

fr.
;

the cellular tissue

firm
;

-oma

foregoing

-otic,

hard,

as noun, the firm, white, outer coat of the

-o-metcr, instrument for determining the hard-

eye

ness of a mineral.
Scoli- (a-fco\id? crooked, bent),
scolio-sis, lateral

curva-

ture of the spine.

Seb-

(o-e/3(o

reverence, worship

cre/Sao-ro?

reverenced).

sebasto-mania, religious insanity; Sebastian, n.p. Seism-, sist- (creico, fut. cretcra) shake, cretcr/uo? a shaking,

an earthquake),

quakes
uring

pertaining to earthinstruments for measseismo-grapli, -meter,

scism-al,
-ic,

time,

duration,
of

intensity

of

earthquakes

-graphy,

study

-logist, -logic ;

earthquakes, -graphic; -logy, -scope, instruments for showing visiof the

bly the
-scopic
;

movements
-tic,

ground

in

pertaining to an earthquake.

an earthquake, sist nun,

a kind of timbrel used by Egyptian priests in the

worship of
Icniiun,

Isis.

Selen- (ae\ijvrj the

moon

cf. cre'Xa?

a bright

light),

se-

an element so called by Berzelius, its discoverer, because associated with tellurium (from

140

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

Lat

tellns,
;

selenium

the earth); selen-ic, -ions, pertaining to selen-itc, -ide, a compound of selenium

;

(i) a transparent kind of gypsum, (2) an imaginary inhabitant of the moon seleno-graph, a picture of the surface of the moon, -graphy ; -logy.
;

Sem-

mark a-rj/melov sign), semaan apparatus for signalling, -pJioric ; phore, \._pher-, semat-ic, significant, warning; -o-logy, the science of signs in the operations of thinking and reason(<rf)fjia,

-TO? a sign,

ing; semasio-logy (vr]p.aivw show by a sign), the science of the development and connections of the
of words semeio-, senrio-grapJiy, the doctrine of signs, a description of the symptoms of a

meanings
disease;
-logy.

-tics, knowledge of symptoms in disease; a-semia, inability to form or understand any

form or symbol.
Sep-, seps- (o-77nw, future
o-jj-^ra)

make

rotten),

sepsis,
;

producing putrefication -ticaemia, -emia, v. haem-, blood-poisoning caused by absorption of putrid matter into the circulation
putrefaction
;

sep-tic, -tical,

-ticity,
tic ;

tendency
a

to

promote putrefication.

a-sep-

anti-septic.

Sepia

(<77?7ria

cuttlefish

the ink derived from

it).

sep-ic,

done

in sepia; sepi-oid,

resembling a

cuttlefish.
;

Sider- (aiSrjpos iron), sider-ite, the lodestone -iirgy, v. the manufacture of iron; sidcro-graphy, the erg-,
art of steel engraving, 'graphic; -lite, a meteorite composed partly of iron and partly of stone -mancy,
;

by burning straws on red-hot iron -scope, instrument for detecting small quantities of magdivination
;

netism.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Siphon (afywv a straw, tube
;

14!

a siphon used to

draw wine

out of a cask). sipJion-al, -ic, -ate, pertaining to a action of a siphon. siphon -age,
;

Siren (^etp^v a siren, one of several sea-nymphs, supposed to have dwelt on an island off the south-

west of Italy and

destruction

to

have fascinated and lured

to

sailed past their island); hence, (i) an alluring woman, as adj., fascinating; siren- ian ; -ize, fascinate; (2) a kind of foghorn,

those

who

Siren-ia, an order of marine

Sit- (crtro? food),

mammals.
;

sito-logy, the science of diet

-sitic, -sitism.
;

-phobia,

para-site,
to

Skeleton (WeA-exo? dry

mummy,

skeleton,
to

fr.

oWXXcu
;

dry up),

skclct-al,

pertaining

a skeleton

skeleto-gcny,

the origin
;

and development of the

skeleton

-logy

-nize.

Somat-

the body), somat-ic, -ical ; -ics, the science that treats of the general properties of mat(crw/ia, -aro?

ter;

-ism,

doctrine

of

materialism; -ist ; somatc-logy, (i) the the general properties of bodies or

ies;

material substances; (2) the study of animal bod-tomy ; trnpano-some (rpviravov an auger), the
insect

which causes the sleeping sickness.

wisdom).
sopJi-ic, -ical ;

Soph- (o-o<d? wise, aofyia

-ism

(adfao-fjia a clever or sly trick), a false argumentation sop/iist ((Tofaa-T'ijs originally a philosopher,
;

but later an inferior class of philosophers, notorious

for their extravagant assumptions and false reasoning), -z'r, -ical; -ry, fallacious reasoning; also,

practice in reasoning; -icate, involve in sophistry, falsify, corrupt sopJio-more (lit. a foolish arguer
;

142

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
older spelling sopkimorc, from ao^La-r^ foolish), a student in the second year of his college course sofi, sufi, one of a religious order in Persia
;

Sophia,

r\..p.

philosophy, -sopher,
;

-sop/tic, etc.

\pan-

theo-, knowledge of God sophy, universal wisdom derived from divine illumination, mysticism, -soph,

sophic, -sophism. Sot- (<ro><w save, awrrip a saviour, the Saviour), sote, v. crea ; soterio-logy.

creo-

Spas

spad-

(o-7rao>, f ut.
;

tear off

spasm

pluck, a drawing tight, a convulsion, (nrdSiJ; a bough or branch torn off, a palm
;

(nrdaw draw, draw out

cnracrfAos

branch).

spasm;

-odic,

-atical ;

-o-logy

anti-

spasmatic ; tri-spast, -spaston, a machine with three pulleys for raising great weights anti-spast, a tet;

rasyllabic foot,

__w

(lit.

and a foot drawn

first

last

short,

middle long
;

spadix

(thr. Lat.),

an

in opposite directions) arrangement of flowers on the

the shape of a cylindrical spike. perispomenon; pro-perispomenon (lit. with accent drawn
stern in

around).

Sperm-, sporseed,

(o-vre/o/ia,-

arc? seed
scatter,

CTTTO'/JO?

from

cnreipa)

sow),

a sowing, a sperm, animal

;

seed, that by which the species is propagated sperma-ceti (thr. Fr. and Lat. from K^TOS a whale,
lit. whale seed, because originally supposed to have been the spawn of the whale), a fatty substance contained in the head of the sperm whale, used for

candles, etc.; -pliore (Bot), the placenta, the part to which the seeds are attached spermology, the science of seeds. angio-spcrm (ayyelov a

making

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
vessel), a plant that has a seed vessel;

143

gymno-

Spor-ades,(\}z. group

of scattered islands in the

Aegean Sea;
stellation
;

(2) stars not included in

-adical,

any con-

-adic,

scattered,

occurring at

intervals (o-Tropa&Ko? scattered); spor-e, the body corresponding to a seed in cryptogamous plants,

such as ferns, mosses, etc. vessel) (Bot.), a spore case;

micro- spore;
eral.

-angium (ayyelov a

-tile, a small spore. dia- spore (&acr7rei/j&> scatter), a min-

Sphen-

(a-<pijv

a wedge),
;

-ic,

wedge-like

sphen-e, the mineral titanite spheno-gram, a cuneiform or ar;

row-headed character
inscriptions
;

-grap/iy, the

study of such
-ical,

-id.

Spher- (atyatpa
-ics,

a ball).

spJier-et

-al,

-ic,

-icity ;

geometry of figures
;

drawn on the surface

to the spheres
;

of

a sphere

splier y,
;

belonging

hence complete

sp-hero -graph,

round, an instrument for

;

the application of spherical geometry to navigation -id, -idal ; -meter; spJicrnle (Lat. dim. of cr<f)aipa);
atmo-spJiere (aryud? smoke, vapour);
Iiydr- ; cliromo-, v.
Jiydro-,
v.

chrom.

Sphinx (2<^>t7| the Sphinx), a female monster said to have dwelt by the roadside just outside Thebes, and to have proposed a riddle to those who passed in art her, killing all who were unable to guess it
;

she was represented as a winged lioness with a woman's head. The Egyptian sphinx had no
called
fable, but was so by the Greeks from its resemblance to the Theban monster. The Egyptian sphinx was a

connection with the Grecian

144

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
human-headed
" lion

without wings.

Sphinx means

the throttler

"

(fr. a-^iyya) to throttle).

Sphygm-, sphyx- (a-^v^^ the beating of the heart, the sphygmo -graph, pulse, fr. <T(f)vci), a(f>v!;a> to throb), -graphy ; -phone, an instrument by the aid of which each pulse beat makes a sound; -scope, instrument for

making the pulse beats visible. a-spJiyx-ia, -y, suspended animation from non-conversion of venous
into arterial blood,
;

-ial ;

-iant,

a substance that

Splen-

causes asphyxia (a-7r\rjv the milt, or spleen, supposed by the ancients to be the seat of anger and melancholy).
-iate.

splen-algia ; -ec-tomy, the excision of the spleen -ic, per-etic, affected with spleen, gloomy, sullen to the spleen; -itis ; -itic, affected with taining
;
;

splenitis

-itive,

fiery,

irritable

spleno-grapJiy

-id ; -logy.
-y ;

spleen (thr. -wort, a kind of fern.

O. Fr. and Lat),

-ish, -fill,

Spond- (aTTovSeios a spondee, a foot consisting of two long syllables, used in solemn verse, so called

because found in hymns accompanying libations and treaties, fr. cnrovSrf a drink offering, libation
;

pi. (rTrovSai a treaty, fr. o-jrevBa) to pour),

spondee ;

spondaic, adj.
Spor-, v. sperm-.
Sta-, stas-, stat-, stem- (the root o-ra in to-ny/it place or

stand.

This root
:

is

found

in

most Indo-European

languages Sansk. STHA, Gr. ttmjfu, Lat. sto, Eng. stasis, stagnation of the blood or other stand},
fluid of the

body (o-ra<n<? a standing); stasi-morpJiy, deviation of form arising from amount of growth

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
stat
er,

145

a general
of

name

for the standard coin of

various
araTijp};
-ics ;

cities

ancient

Greece

(thr.

Lat.

fr.

stat-ic, -ical,

pertaining to bodies at rest,

;

a form of aneroid barometer apoa departure from one's faith, principles, or stasy,
-o-scope,

party
a

-state,

cal, -statize.

one who departs from these, -statia-static, having no tendency to take

;

a balloon, -statical, the exordium of a speech the ; cata-stasis, part of the Greek drama where the action reached its height (Med.) state or condition dia-stase, a
fixed

position

aero-stat,

-statics

substance containing nitrogen, generated during the germination of grain for the brewery, -static ;
ec-stasy, a fixed state, a trance, excessive joy, -static,

-statical ; helio-stat, v. helio- ;

hypo-stasis, state of

being, existence, -static, -statical; -statize, to attribute personal existence to meta-stasis, change of disease from one part to another; sys-tem
;

(avcrr^^a,
-f tarrj/jn},

-arc?
-ic,

an arrangement, system,
-ize ;

fr.

crvv

-o-logy

peri-sta-lith,

systemat-ism, -ist, -ic, a ring of standing stones sur-

-ical ;

rounding a burial mound.

Stal-, v. stel-.

Stalac(g)- (o-raXa^ty to drop

\ajfjia a drop),

<rracrraXa/tTo? dripping a deposit of carbonate stalact-ite,

;

of lime, like a
of a cavern;

huge
-ic,

icicle

hanging from the roof

-itic,

-iform,

adjs.

stalagm-ite,

a deposit of calcareous matter on the floors of caverns (in form like an inverted stalactite), -itic.
Stear-, steat- (crreap, o-rearo? suet),
stear-in,
;

one of the

principles of animal fat, an acid

-ic,

pertaining to

146
fat obtained

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
from
stearin
;

-ate, salt of stearic

acid

-inery, the process of

making

stearin

from animal
-itic.

or vegetable fats
Stel-,
stal-,

steat-ite,

soapstone,

stol- (crreXXtw set

in order, arrange, send;

apo-stle, -stolate,

0-7-0X77

clothing, dress, a sending),

;

-stolic

epi-stle

(something sent
;

to,

hence a writing
involuntary

sent to a person)
letters,
-stolic,

-stolary, pertaining to epistle or

-statical ;

pcri-stalsis,

muscular movements,

-staltic ; dia-stolc,(\) dilation

;

of the heart, cf. systole syllable naturally short

stole,

(2) a figure

by which a
-stolic ;

is

made

long,

sy-

the
;

contraction

of

the heart to

expel the

blood
stole,

the shortening of a long syllable, -stolic ; (i) a garment; (2) a silk band worn by
stela, stele,

priests.

Stel- (<TTr)\r) a stone post, cf. root sta-\

an

upright slab, usually sculptured

art of writing

stel-o-grapJiy, the

on

pillars.

Stem

in system, v. sta-.
;

Stemm-, steph- (are^^a, -aro? a wreath, garland crre^avo<f crown, wreath, fr. arecfxo crown), stemma, (i) a tree or pedigree family (2) one of the facets of a
;

stemmat-opus (3>ty, WTTO? eye, face), the hooded seal of the Arctic Ocean, having a piece of Loose skin which is drawn over the eyes when

compound eye

menaced stephan-otis, a genus of twining plants of the milkweed family, so called

the animal
is
;

in allusion

to the

corona of

five flattish petaloid

bodies or auricles; Stephen, n.p.

Sten- (o-rezw

narrow, close).

stcno-cJiromy, the art of

;

printing several colours at one impression

-graphy,

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
the art of writing by

147

means

of brief signs, short-

hand, -graphic,

etc.

Stentor (SreWfw/a a Greek herald in the Trojan War who was famous for his loud voice), stentor-ian, -ious ;
-o-phonic,

speaking or sounding very loud.

solid).
stere,
;

Stereo-

(o-re/aeo?
;

French unit for

solid

measure

kilo- stere, etc.

stereo chromy, a kind of

wall painting in which the colours are covered with a varnish of soluble glass -gram, -graph, a picture which represents objects in such a way as to seem
;

in relief or solid,

two pictures so combined as

a
solid
;

to

-graphy, the art of the forms of solid bodies on a plane, delineating -graphic; -meter, an instrument for determining

give

the effect of

the specific gravity of bodies, -metric, -metry ; -opticon, a kind of magic lantern, consisting of two

complete lanterns matched and connected -scope, an optical instrument by which two photographic pictures are viewed in such a way as to seem one, in relief and solid, -scopic, -scopist, -scopy ; -tomy,
;

the science of cutting solids into certain figures or sections, -tomic ; -type, a fixed metal type or block
for printing,
~tyPy
>'

-typed, cast in a mould, copied, the art of printing from stereo-typography,

hence

type plates.
Stethofor
(o-T?7#o9

the

breast).

stctJw-meter,

instrument

measuring the respiratory movement of the instrument for examining chest, chest -scope,
;

heart, etc., -scopic, -scopy.

Stheno-

(o-#eVo<?

with

strength), excessive action

sthen-ic,

strong,

attended
in-

of

heart;

stJicno-chirc,

148

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
strument for exercising hands for piano playing. nenra-stJienia ; calli- sthenics ; hyper-st/iene, a grayish mineral very difficult to break; a-sthenia, debility,
-sthenic.

Stich- (O-TJ/^O? a row, line, verse), stick, (i) a verse; (2) a row of trees; -ic, pertaining to a verse sticJiomancy, divination by lines of poetry taken at hazard
;

from a book
ing
to
;

number
Jiemi-,

-metry, measurement of of lines, -metrical.

book accorddi-stich,
tri-;

couplet

half

a line

penta-;

tetra-;

tri-stichous (Bot), in three

rows;

acro-stic.

Stigm- (arty pa, -aro9 a prick, puncture, mark, spot). stigma, brand, mark of infamy (Path.) a small red spot on the skin; (Bot.) the part of the pistil that
;

receives the pollen; pi. stigmata, supernatural marks on the hands and feet of persons in imitation of
Christ's

wounds
;

stigmatic,

marked with a

stigma,
;

infamous -ize, to mark, brand as infamous -ist, one on whom the stigmata, or marks of Christ's wounds, are said to be impressed -ization, the
;

appearance of these supernatural marks on the human body stigmaria, fossil plants, abundant
;

in the coal

found on them
ing

measures, so called from small marks a-stigmat-ism (a-riyfj-a in the mean;

point"), a defect in the eye or a lens, such that the rays of light converge not in a point, but
in a line.

"a

-stle, v. stel-.

Stoic (^rot/co? pertaining to a

to

porch or portico, especially

the 2roa Hot/a XT;, the painted

agora at

Athens

porch in the hence Stoic because Zeno, who

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

149

founded the Stoic school, frequented this porch). Stoic, a disciple of the philosopher Zeno, who taught that one should be unmoved by joy or grief hence
;

as adj., apathetic, stoic-al, -ism. Stoich- (ffToi'xelov a small post, an element, dim. of O-TOIcf. (7x^09, above), ^05 a row stoicheio-logy, the
;

-metry, the science of calcuthe quantities of chemical elements involved lating in chemical processes or reactions.
;

doctrine of elements

Stol-, v. stcl-.

Stoma-, stomach- (a-Topa, -aro? the mouth

throat,
gullet),

o-ro'yaa^o?

the

stoma,
;

pi.

ana-stom-osis, the interconnection of veins and arteries, the interlacing of the veins of leaves, etc. ana-stomose, to
;
;

Zool. a breathing pore diseases of the mouth stomat-itis.

stomata, in Bot. and stoma-tic, a medicine for

communicate with each

ries
;

other, as the veins

and

arte-

ana-stomotic, pertaining to stomosis, a medi-

cine

that

removes obstructions from the veins

;

lago-stoma (\d*fws a hare), harelip

n.p.
;

St. CJiryso-stom,

stomach
;

(thr. Lat.)

-al ; -er, part of a

dress

-ic,

pertaining to the stomach, a

it,

woman's drug that

-egical,

strengthens
Strat- (o-rpaTo?

-ical.

an army),

strat-agcm,

-egic,
fr.

-egetic, -egist, -egy (crr/saTr/yd?

a general,

arparo^
;

and dyaj
Stroph-

to lead); strato-cracy, military

government

-grapJiy, graphic.

(i) a turning; (2) the turning of the chorus, dancing towards one side of the orchestra hence also the song sung during this evolution, to
(crr/oo(?7
;

which the

avnaTpo(j>rj

answers; hence a poem

from

150

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
strop/lie. crrpecfxi) to turn), stropJie, v. above (2) anti-strophe, (i) repetition of words in an inverse order; (2) the turning of an adversary's plea against
;

him; (3) v. above; ana-, an inversion of the usual order of words apo- (lit. a turning from the present subject), an address delivered to some one absent; hence the mark (' ) usually employed to denote this apostropJiize, -stropJiic ; cata- (lit. an overturning), in
; ;

a drama the turn of the plot.

Styl- (o-TuA.09 a pillar), style ( I ) a pillar (2) the pin of a sun-dial; (3) in Bot. a narrowed extension of the
;

ovary which supports the stigma. N.B.

is

style

meanetc.,

ing a writing instrument, hence, style of writing,

from incorrect Lat. form stylus (for stilus), stake, writing instrument, and is so spelled from a supposed connection with o-ruXo? styl-ite, a pillar saint, an ascetic of the early church who passed the greater part of his life on the top of a high column stylobate (ftaiixa go), a continuous basement, upon which columns are placed to raise them above the level of
;
;

-meter, instrument for measuring colObserve that stylograph, styloid, etc., are hybrid forms from Lat. stylus, properly stilus ; ampJii-pro-style, a building with columns in front and behind, a double pro style araeo-style (apaios thin, narrow), a building with columns four or more
;

the ground

umns.

diameters apart pycno- (irvKvfa thick), a building with short spaces between columns; peri-, a range of columns around a building; pro- ; tctra- ; hexa- ;
;

ccto- ; dcca- ; poly- ; epi-,

the lower part of the en-

tablature, the architrave.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Syco- (O-VKOV a
fig),

151

syco-phant, etc., v. pJian- ; syca-more (erroneously formed, old form sycamore correct, thr. Lat. fr. O-VKOV and popov the black mulberry) syc;

or a pebble resembling a fig -oma, a wart or excrescence like a fig -osis, a skin
ite,

a nodule of

flint,

disease in the beard.

-syl- in

asylum (av\d(o pillage, plunder hence ao-uXo? from plunder, aa-v\ov a place free from plunder, an asylum).
;

free

Syn-, sym-, syl-, sy- (a-vv with in composition changes into (TV/A- before /3, /*, vr, i/r, into <ruX- before X
;

<

into

crva--

or av- before

o-),

v.

second part of word.

syn-aeresis ; -agogne ; -archy ; -carpous ; -chronal, -cJironism ; -copate ; -cope; -crisis ; -detic ; -die;
-dicate
-ocJia ;
;

-ec-doclie ; -ergy ; -esis

-genesis

-graph;

-onym, -on-ymous / -ops is ; -optic ; -ovia (a hybrid word from Lat. ovum], a fluid secreted in the joints of the body and resembling the white of

an egg;
sis,

-tax,

-tactic; -thermal;
;

-thesis,

-tlictical ;

-tonin, etc.; a-syn-deton

-bion,
-biotic ;
-bol,

poly-syn-deton
v.

sym-bio-

bal-

-metric, -metral ;

-metry ; -pathy, -pathetic, -patJiize ; -pJiony, -pJionious ; -pJiysis ; -ploce ; -posium, -posiarcJi, -posiac ;
-ptom,ekc.
gism,e.tc.
v. stel- ;

syl-lable, -labary ; -labus

-lepsis ; -lo-stole,

sy-stem, v. sta- ;

-stasis, v. sta- ;

Tach- (ra%w ra^o? speed), tachy-graphy, shorthand, -graphic, -graplier; -lite(\va> to dissolve), black
;

-zygy. swift

basalt, easily fused, -litic

; -meter, a surveying inan instrument for measuring tacJio-mcter, the velocity of a stream, the blood, a machine, etc.

strument

152
Tact-,

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
tax- (raV-rco to arrange, fut. rdgw; rat9, an arrangement, a rank, brigade), tact-ics, the science of arranging or disposing military or naval forces
;

-ic,

-ical,

-ician ;
;

taxi-arch, the

commander

of

taxis,

brigade

of skins, -dermist, -dermal, -dermic

-dcrmy, the arranging or setting up ; taxo-logy, the

science of classifications
ology, or
their

-nomy, the laws of taxapplication to the classifying of

;

syn-tax, the arranging objects in natural history. of words in a sentence, -tactic ; a-taxy, together
irregularity in bodily functions, -taxic. Taen-, v. end of ten-. Talent (thr. Lat. talentum fr. rd\avrov originally a pair of scales hence a fixed weight, then a talent's
;

weight of

money,

silver or

gold)

hence a

gift,

natural ability, etc.

The

talent

was

originally a

Babylonian denomination of weight, though the name is Greek.

-taph
(ra</>o9

tomb erected

a grave, tomb). ccno-tapJi (/tew? empty), a to one buried elsewhere cpi-taph.

;
;

the Tartarus (Ta/orapo? the deepest part of Hades nether world, a place of torment), tartar-ean.
tartar-ic, etc.

(Chem.), are connected with Tdprapos.

tauro-coll, -colla,

Tasis, v. ten-.

Tauro- (ravpos a
a glue
Tauto-, v. aut-.

bull, cf. Lat. taunts),

made from

bull's hide

-macJiy.

Techn- (re^vrj art, skill). tecJin-ic, -ical, -icality, -icist ; -icon, an apparatus for training the hands of pianists;

-ique (Fr.
;

termination);

techno-logy,

-legist,

etc.

electro-tec hnic ;

mnemo- ;

poly-

pyro-.

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Tect- (reKTwv a
built

153
structural

morphology up of organic individuals of

;

builder), in which

tecto-logy

(Biol.),
is

an organism

regarded as

different orders,

-logist, etc.

tectou-ic, pertaining to building, -ics ;

archi-tect, -lecture, -tectonic, etc.

Tel- (rfj\e far),

of

tel-autograph, a telegraph that repro;

duces handwriting
electricity,

-plierage,

conveyance by means
(</>epa>)
;

tel-pher,
;

adj.

tele-gram,

-graph, -grapJiy, etc.

-pJione, -pJionic, etc.

-meter, -metric; -pathy, -pathic ; -phote, an instrument to repro;

duce pictures at a distance

pertaining
to the

-photograph ; -plastic, pretended formation of spirit

etc.
;

hands

-scope,

-scopic,

-seme,

electric signalling; -somatic

system of
-spectro-

teleplastic;

scope;
n.p.,

-stereoscope;

-thermograph;
;

Telemachns,

telo type, a of Odysseus or Ulysses which prints messages. telegraph Tel-, teleo- (re'Xo? (i) end; (2) tax; re'Xeo? complete).

son

-telangiosis, disease of the capillaries

tel

ic,

denot-

ing final purpose; tcleo-logy, the science of final causes the theory that everything was made for an end, -logy, etc. -saurus, a genus of fossil croco; ;

dilian
letters
ene,

reptiles

tele-stich,

terminating the lines

;

poem make

in

which the
;

a word

a-tel-

incomplete pJiil-a-tely (are'Xeta freedom from fr. a priv. + re'Xo? tax; before stamps were used the person receiving a letter was taxed
taxation;
for
its

carriage
;

stamps secured
v. p. 36.

are'Xeta),

stamp

collecting
Tern-, v. torn-.

talisman,

Ten-, ton-, tas- (reiVco, fut. revw stretch, hence TCVWV a

154

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
sinew, tendon; roVo?(i) a rope, (2) a straining or rao-t? pitching of the voice, a tone, note, stress
;

stretching),
;

teno-grapliy,

science

of

tendons;

-logy; -tomy
stretched),
-icise,

Jiypo-tenuse
-aid.

tetanus, lockjaw (reravo?

ton-e,
-at,

tetan-ic,

-ality ;

-ic,

etc.;

a-tonic,
;

lacking
dia-tonic,

tone

(i) unaccented, (2) (Path.), a-tony, lack of muscular power

pertaining to
;

the natural musical scale

of eight notes

matical terms,
-tonous
(lit.

bary-tone, oxy-, and paroxy-, gramv. first part of word; mono-tone,

; peri-ton-eum, the membrane which lines stretched around) the cavity of the abdomen,

-tonitis,

-toneal.

taseo-meter,
in
-

measuring
ec-tasis,

strains

a structure

an instrument for tasi-meter, an

;
;

instrument for detecting slight changes of pressure

long

the lengthening of a syllable from short to en-tasis, the swelling outline of a Greek col-

umn

en-tasia (Path.), a constrictive spasm, as lock-

jaw, cramp, etc.; pro-tasis, a proposition; the first " " clause of a conditional sentence, i.e. the if clause
;

opp. to the apodosis.

taenia (raivia a band), rib-

bon

tapeworm

taeni-oid, etc.

Terpsichore

(Tep-x/rt^o/)?;

the

muse

of dancing,

fr.

repTrw

to delight

%o/3o? a dance).

Terpsi-chorean.
in

Tetanus, v. ten-. Tetra- (reVrape? or

tetra-cliord';
fold),

recrcra/?e<

four

compounds

rerpa-).

-d ; -dactyl; -dymite (rerpdSvfjiOf fournative bismuth telluride (so called from its

occurring in

compound twin

crystals or fourlings)

-gon ; -gram ; -gynous ; four dramas; -merons ;

-hedral ; -logy, a group of -meter ; -petalous ; -pla (re-

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

155

rpcnrXovs fourfold), an edition of the Bible in four versions in parallel columns -pod ; -spaston (airdw to pull), a machine in which four pulleys act together
;
;

-spermons

-stick ; -style ; -syllable ; tetr-archy, etc.

;

tessera, ftssefa(L&t. tessera, a cube, a die

tessella,

a small square of marble,

ments), tesscra-l,
-ic,

etc., for mosaic pavetessell-ate, -ation, -ar ; tessul-ar

v. also Trapes-. (of crystals, etc.). Thai- (Qd\\<> to bloom, flourish flaXXd? a shoot), thallium, a metal (so called fr. the green line in its spec;

trum), -ic, -ous ; Thalia (d\eia the blooming one; the Muse of comedy), v. Mus-.

Thalam-

(0aA.a/>to<?

an inner room, bridal chamber),

;

thai-

aunts (thr. Lat), the receptacle of a flower epithalaminm, a nuptial song poly-thalamous, having
;

many

cells.

Thalass- (6d\aa-cra the sea).

tJialass-ic ;

-ian,

any sea-

tortoise (Zool.); -o-grapJiy.

A-thanaThanato- (Odvaros death), thanato-id, -logy. of Alexandria, hence Athanasian, a siits, bishop follower of Athanasius eu-thanasia, an easy death.
;

Thaum- (Oav^a,

a wonder), thanmato-graphy ; tJiaumat-urge (epyov a work), a worker of miracles,

-aro?
-urgy, -urgic.

Theatr- (dearpov a place for seeing, a theatre, fr. Oedoftat to view), theatr-e (thr. Lat. theatrum\ -ic, -ical,
-icism ; theatro-mania.

amp hi- theatre.

Theor- (Oecopew to view, look at, contemplate). tJieor-em (Oewpr)(j,a a sight, hence a thing contemplated by
the

mind, a principle deduced), -emic,

at),
-etic,
-ic,

-ematic ;
-ize.

theor-y (Oewpia a looking

-ist,

156

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

The-, the root of ridr]^ set, place, stand, appearing in the following forms, (i) -thec- (O^Kij a case to place something in, a box; cnroOrjicr] a storehouse, a re-

apo-thec-ary ; apo-thec-ium, the fruit of pository), lichens biblio-theca, -thecary; hypo-tJiec (vTrodrftcr)
;

placing under,
;

pledge,

mortgage),

security,
;

mortgage

-thecary,

-thecate, to pledge.

pertaining to a mortgage (2) them- (0ep,a what is laid

them-e, -atic ; ana-thema down, a proposition), (avd0efj,a, -arc? anything offered up in a temple, anything devoted, hence anything devoted to evil or accursed), a curse pronounced by ecclesiastical authority, excommunication, -thematic, -thematism,
-thematize.
(3) thes-, thet-(6ea-i<s a setting, placing,

arranging

a position or thesis to be proved),

;

thesis ;

anti-thesis, -the tic

hypo-thesis,

lit.

something placed

under, something understood, a supposition, -thetic ; meta-thesis, transposition of the letters of a word
;

par-en-thesis,

lit.

something placed beside and

in

para-thesis; pros-thesis, the addition of a letter to a word the addition of an artificial part to a defect, -thetic ; pro-thesis, the preparation supply
;

of the Eucharist elements on a table before being

brought

to the altar

syn-thesis

(lit.

a putting to-

gether), hence, in Logic, a combination of facts, ideas, etc., to form a system; in Chem. the unit-

ing of elements to form a compound,

-thetic, -the-

size, -thesist ; agono-thete, -thetic ; epi-thet,

The-, theo- (#eo? god), the-andric, relating to or existing by the union of divine and human natures -an;

thropy, the union of

human and

divine, -antlirop-

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
ism,
-ic> -ist ;

157
the existence

-arcJiy ; -ism, belief in

of God, -is tic, -ist; tJieo-cracy (/cparea) rule); -crasy (icpdcris a mixing), (i) a mixture of the worship of
different gods;

(2)

mystic communion with the

a vindication of the justice of God in the present order of things, in which establishing
deity; -dicy,
evil largely exists

-gony, -gonic ; -logy, -logic, -ical ; -logate, the course of a student preparing for the
;

priesthood in the Roman Catholic Church -logaster, a theological quack -macJiy, a fighting against the gods -mania, insanity in which the patient
;
; ;

imagines himself to be the deity; -morpJiic, having the image of God -patJiy, emotion excited by the
;

contemplation of God; -phany,

position.
a-t'heist ;

-phanic ; -sophy ; the introducing of gods into poetical com-tecJmy,

mono- ; poly- ; pan-;

-thusiastic,
fr.

Panfr.

theon

en-thuse,

-tliusiast,

-asm,

ev8ovaid%(t> to

Theor-,

v.

be inspired, after t/ieatr-.

a wild beast).

ev

0eo9.

Ther-

(drip, dr/piov

tJieri-ac, -aca,

a medi-

cine to cure the bites of poisonous animals, -acal ; theri-antJiropism, the representation of deities in
ther-iatra (iarpk a physician), veterinary medicine thero-id ; therology, the science of mammals. mega-therium, an
; ;

combined man' and beast forms

of great size. care for, heal), therapent-ic, pertainTherap- (Qepaireva) ing to the healing art, curative, -ist, -ics ; electrotherapeutics.

extinct

mammiferous quadruped

Therm-

(0ep/uo'<?
;

hot),

to heat

-ae,

therm, a heat unit -al, pertaining hot springs -antidote, an apparatus

;

158

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
used
in India to cool the air
;

-ic ;

-ato-logy,

medical

a gift), the treatment by ( + Swpov the first French eleventh month of the year during Republic, July 19 to August 18, hence thcrmto the fall of idorian, one that contributed

heat

-i-dor

Robespierre; tJicrmo -barometer, an instrument that

indicates the pressure of the atmosphere by the boiling point of water; -dynamics, science that deals with the conversion of heat into mechanical force
;

developed by the action of heat; -graph, a self-registering thermometer, -gram ; -meter, -metry; -stat, an automatic instrument for
-electricity,

electricity

indicating or regulating temperature

to heat, -tics, the science of heat
;

relating a picture -type,

;

-tic,

Thermo-pylae, lit. impression developed by heat. the Hot-gates, so called because of its hot

springs
Thes-, thet-,

iso-tJienn, -thermal.

v. the-,

root of riOrj^L.

Thorax

(0d>pag, -axos, a breastplate, thorax ; thoracic. chest),

hence the breast,

thren-etic
-ody,

Thren- (dpfjvo? a wailing,

dirge),

funeral dirge, -odial, -odist. Thron- (Opovos a seat, chair), throne (thr. Lat.).

Thyme
Tim-

(0u/xo?

(rifji^

thyme), thym-ol. honour, worth, value),

timo-cracy, a form of

on government in which political power depends the amount of property one has, -cratic. Titan (Tirdv one of the giants that warred against Titan-ic ; Jupiter and tried to scale heaven).
in fanciful -esque ; Man-turn, a metal, so called an ore of titanium. allusion to Titans; -tie,

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Tom-,
(rofjuj

159

fr.

TO'/AO?

a cutting, fr. refjLvco to cut), tome (thr. Fr. a piece cut off, a volume), a ponderous
;

volume, a book
bird's

tomium, the cutting edge of a bill, a-tom, i.e. something that cannot be cut; ana-tomy ; cranio-; gastro-; laryngo-;
tomial.
tracheo-, etc., in

Med. a termination

dissection or
;

dia-tomic, consisting of two atoms diatom an individual of the Diatomaceae, an order of

cutting of
t

microscopic algae

dia-tom-aceous, resembling dia-

toms
(St%a
pairs,

dia-tom-ife, diatomaceous earth; dicJio-tomy two), division into two groups, growth by
(e^ro/Lio?
its

-tomous ; en-tomo-grapJiy
insect,

hence evro^ov an

from

cut in two, being nearly cut

in two, cf. Lat. insectum\ -logy, -logic, -logist, -pliagous ; entomo-philous, applied to flowers that are

insect-fertilized

-tomy, the dissection of

;

insects,

note the recurrence of the root in this word epi-tome

(eTriTOfjitf

an abridgment, summary), -tomize,

-tomist.

Ton-,

v. ten-.
(TO'TTO? place),

Top-

a few cities or towns a

district;
top-ic

top-archy, a little state consisting of -arch, the governor of such

;

(roTrifcd

commonplaces),

-ical ;

topo-grapJiy ; -latry; -logy, the art of assisting the memory by associating the objects with some well-

known

place -nomy, the place-names of a country; the name of an anatomical region, -nymy; -nym,
;

-phone,

sound

island,

an instrument for ascertaining direction of U-topia (ov not), i.e. Nowhere, an imaginary described by Sir Thomas More, in a work
"

entitled

Utopia," as enjoying perfect law, govetc., -topian,

ernment,

-topianism.

160

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
(TO'OZ> a

Tox-

bow,
-emic
;

rogiicdv

emia
ble of

(v.
;

haem-\
-ic,
;

poison for an arrow), toxblood poisoning, also -aemia,

-ical,

-icemia

poisoning

tox-in,

poisonous; -icant, capa-ine, a toxic ptomaine

;

-mania, a craving for poisonous substances -sis, a diseased condition due to poison toxo-philite, a student of archery, -philitic, anti-toxin.
toxico-id ; -logv ;
; ;

Trach- (rpaxys rough,

fern,

rpa^da, hence rpa^da

aprt]-

pia the rough artery, the windpipe, so called from the rings of gristle), trach-ea, the windpipe, -eal,
-eary;
-ean, -eate,
(KIJ\IJ
;

tracJieo-cele

the thyroid gland the eye marked by hard pustules on the inner surface of the eyelids -yte, a rough volcanic rock
;

having tracheae; -eitis, -itis ; a tumour), an enlargement of -tomy; tracli-oma, a disease of

containing felspar crystals, -ytic. Trag- (rpdyos a goat), trag-acantJi ; -edy

(lit.

goat-song,

either because at early tragedies a goat was the prize or because the actors wore goat-skins), -ic,
-cdian, v.

under od-; tragi-comedy, comic trag-alism,

;
;

goat-ishness, lustfulness tragns, part of the inner ear, in allusion to the bunch of hairs on it; tragal.

Trapez- (rpaTre^a a table, f r. rerpa + TTOU? rpajre^iov a little table, a geometrical figure), trapeze, trape;

zium, an irregular four-sided figure

sides parallel.

trapez-oid, a

plane four-sided figure having two of the opposite

Trauma- (rpav^a, -arc? a wound),

cine for healing wounds. Trepan (rpvjrda) bore a hole),

trauma-tic, a medi-

trepan (thr. Mid. Fr.), a cylindrical saw for perforating the skull verb,
;

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
to perforate the skull
-ation, -ner ;

l6l

and take out a circular piece, trephine, an irregular diminutive of

combining form
rpi;

trepan, a smaller instrument for trepanning.

Tri-

(r/oet?

three

v.

second part

of word), triad (rpCas, -aSo?), the union of three, triadic ; tri-adelphous ; -andrian ; -archy; -brack

www;
-cycle ;

-carpous

-chord;

-clinium

(thr.

Lat.);

-dactyle ; -gamy; -glyph; -gon, a triangle, kind of harp; -gonometry; -graph; -gynian ;

-hedral ;
rous
;

-lemma,

cf.

dilemma ;
-pod;
-pos

-lith-;

-logy; -me-petalous
;

-meter,

-metric;

-morphous ;
;

-plitliong;

-pJiyllous ;

-ptych

-sepa-

lous

; -spermous ; -syllabic. tricho-tomy (rpi^a in three parts), division into three parts.

Trib-,

trips-

(rpifio) rub,

fut.

T/onJro>).

tribo-meter,

an

instrument for measuring the friction of rubbing dia-tribe (lit. a rubbing through), a consurfaces.
tinued discourse, an invective harangue, -tribist. tripsis, the act of reducing a substance to powder
;

ana-, friction used in disease cephalo-tripsy, the operation of crushing the head of the foetus in

the
Trich-

womb.
; ;

of

tricli-iasis, introversion gen. T/M^O? hair), a parasitic, hair-like worm the eyelid -ina, -inosis, a disease caused by trichinae in the body;
(Opit;,

-inous, -inotic, infested with trichinae

'

tricJio-gcnons,

promoting hair growth -logv ; -pathy ; -me (Bot), any outgrowth from the epidermis, as hair or bristles; -phyton, a fungous growth about hair
;

bulbs

-sis,

disease of the hair.

Tricho-, v. tri-.

62
(T/JO'^O?

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
anything that runs round, a
troch-ee
troch-aic
ball,

Troch-

cake,

disk, wheel, f r. rpe^co run),

w
;

(thr. Lat.),
trocJiil (fr.

a light
Lat.

and quick measure,

the
of
it;

trochilus},

crocodile-bird,

said

to

enter

the

mouth

the crocodile and eat the leeches

troche,

that infest
;

medicine in a soluble circular

cake trocJio id, the curve traced by a fixed point in a wheel that moves along a right line -meter,
;

an instrument for computing the revolutions of a

wheel.

Trog- (rpo)y\rj a hole),

-dytism.

troglo-dyte, a cave

man,

-dytic,

Trop-

a turn, turning in plur. the solstices or tropics, i.e. when the sun appears to turn his a turn, change of course and cross the ecliptic
(rpoTrr)
; ;

the turning about of an enemy, defeat. speech Observe how these different meanings have survived in the following Eng. words). trope, a use of a word, tropist ; tropo-logy, a figurative
;

of speech employing tropes tropsomeics, -ical ; trophy (\\\t. Fr. and Lat. fr. rpoTraiov thing erected to celebrate an enemy's defeat, v.

rhetorical

mode

a-trop-al, -ous, lit. not to be turned, in Bot, above). erect, said of an ovule; A-tropos, one of the Fates; A. A-tropa, a genus of plants of a single species,

Belladonna, the deadly nightshade; a-trop-ine, a drug obtained from the deadly nightshade which alloproduces temporary dilation of the pupil
;

tropy, -trope,
trope.

-tropic,

v.

allo- ;

geo-tropism
fr.

helio-

Troph-

(rpo(f)^

support, nourishment,

rpe^w support).

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
a-tropJiy,

163

a wasting away from lack of nourishment unnatural enlargement from overnutrition. hyper-, Turpentine, thr. Fr. and Lat, fr. repefitvOos the turpen;

tine tree or terebinth.

Tymp-

(rvpTravov a kettle-drum, fr. TVTTTQJ to strike). tympanum, the drum of the ear, the panel of a door, the die of a pedestal; tympan-al, -ic ; -itis ;

tymp, in a blast furnace, the crown of the opening in front of the hearth; tympan, (i) an ancient Irish musical instrument (2) in printing, a frame
;

covered with parchment on which the blank sheets are put; tympan-ist, one that plays the drum, -ize ; tympan-ites, an elastic distention of the abdomen inflated, bombastic -itic, pertaining to tympanites
;

tympanitis, inflammation of drum of ear (It), an orchestral kettle-drum.

/

tympano

Typ- (TUTTO? a blow, hence the

sion, print, type).

mark

of a blow, impres-ify (Lat.

typ-e, -a/, -ic, -ital,

typo-cosmy, a representation of the world -graph, a type-making and type-setting machine -graphy, the art of printing ; -lite, a
facto),
-ist ;
; ;

bearing the impression of a plant- or animal -logy, a treatise on types -nym, a name based on a type, -nymal, -nymic. auto-type, a
fossil
; ;

photographic process for reproducing works of made by this process; grapJio ; art, a picture
proto-; stereo-.

Typh-

'(rvfjios
;

adj.

smoke, stupor), typhus fever, typhous, typho-id, -idal ; -malarial, having the symp-nia,

toms of typhoid and malarial fever;

delirium in severe cases of typhoid
;

-mania, a a kind

64

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
of sleepless stupor
;

typJioon (Ar., Pers.,

Hind,

tiifdn,
fr.

probably derived
rO^o?).

fr.

TD^V

a furious whirlwind,

Tyran- (rvpavvos a

became
tion,

lord, master, sovereign, one who ruler contrary to the laws of the constitu-

a tyrant),

tyrant ; tyrann-ic,

-ize, -y.

Uch-,

v. ech-.

Uran- (ovpavos heaven, the sky). urano-grapJiy; -logy, astronomy -scopy, contemplation of the heavenly bodies Uranus, one of the primary planets
;
;

uranium^ a metallic element

or containing

uranium

-itc,

uran-ic, pertaining to a greenish ore of ura-

nium,

-itic.
.

Urg-, v. erg-.

Uro- (i) combining form fr. ovpov urine; (2) combining form fr. ovpa a tail; e.g. fr. (i) uro-chrome, -cyst, -scopy, etc., fr. (2) uro-dela, amphibians with well-

developed

tails

appendage
Utopia,

(&}Xo9 clear); .uro-pod, an abdominal of a crustacean.

v. sub top-. Xanth- (av0d<s yellow).

acid ;

-ate,

xantJiic xantJi-ic, yellowish a salt of xanthic acid -ein, the yellow

;

colouring matter of flowers that is soluble in water -in, the yellow insoluble matter contained in certain
;

flowers

low patches
flint
;

-oma, a skin disease characterized by yel-idium, a fossil substance found in

;

-ine,

a substance related to uric acid found in

liver, etc.
;

the blood,

-ite,

-opsy, colour-blindness, in
;

a variety of vesuvianite which everything has a

;

yellow tinge xantho-carpous ; -derma, yellowness of the skin -pliyll, yellow colouring-matter obtained
;

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
from autumn leaves
-spermous.
;

165

-sis,

yellow discolorization

Xen- (ew>? a guest, stranger),

;

xen-ial, pertaining to a present given to an ambassa-turn, hospitality dor, guest, or stranger; xeno-gamy, cross-fertilization (Bot); -genesis, offspring that passes through

a state different from the parent, -genetic ; -mania ; -morphic, denoting minerals exhibiting forms due to

neighboring minerals -n, one of the inert constituents of the air. Eu-xine, lit. the hospitable sea, now the Black Sea. The earlier name was agevos,
;

inhospitable, in reference to the hostile tribes that

surrounded
Xer- (Zypof dry),

it.

xer-ansis, a drying
;

up (Path.);

-antic,
;

having drying properties -osis, dryness of the hair xero-derma ; -pJiilous (said of plants); -tic ; pJiylloxera, the vine-pest.<yf X*^<$

Xyl- (f v\ov wood). xyl-antJirax, wood-coal -ene, a volatile, inflammable liquid -ite, a kind of asbestos
; ;

ol

(fr.

Lat.
fruit,

oleum]
-carports
;

=
;

woody
sical
-yl, v.

xylene ; xylo-carp, a hard, -graph, a wood engraving,

;

-grapJicr,

-graphic instrument.

-oid ; -pJiagous

-phone, a

mu-

hyL
zem- (77X09 eager
boiled),
rivalry,
fr.

Zel-, zeal-,

boil, fe'/za
;

zelo-typia (TVTTTG)), zcal-ot, -otry, -ous (thr. Fr. zele*); zeo-lite, a of minerals, -litic. ec-zcma, -zematous.

something

morbid zeal

group

Zephyr (^e^u/ao? the west wind). Zeug-, zyg- (eu7/<ia, -aro? that which is linked together; a bond, fr. ev<yvv(j,i to join, tyyov a yoke), zeugma,

l66

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
the connection of two nouns with an adjective or

verb suitable to only one of them sciigmatic. sy-zygy (<rvvyia), the conjunction or opposition of a planet with the sun syg-oma, the bony arch of the
;
;

cheek, -omatic

-morpJious, yoke-shaped.

Zim, Zon-

sym-. zone, zon-al ; -ulet (thr. Lat.), a (fan/?; a belt). little zone son-ate (Bot), marked with concentric
;

v.

bands of colour.
Zoo- (<*>ov a living being, animal), soon, the product of a fertilized germ, ~al ; zoo-blast, an animal cell
;

-chemistry ; -dynamics ; -gamy, sexual reproduction -geny, the doctrine of organic formation; -geogra;

phy, the science of the distribution of animals on the earth's surface -graphy, a description of animals -id, an organic product capable of a degree
;

of independent existence;

-latry,

-latrous,

-later;

-logy; -mancy ; -metry ; -morphism, the representation of a god or a man in the form of a beast
;

-nomy, the laws of animal

life

-patJiy

-pathology
;

-phagons ; -phily ; -phyte, a plant-like animal -psychology ; -spore, a spore capable of moving about
;

-taxy, classification of

animals

-tec/my, the

domes-

tication

of
life
;

animals
;

organic
o

palaco-zoic

a-zoic, destitute of -tomy. a gas unfit for respiration a-zote, meso- ; zodiac (thr. O. Fr. arid Lat. fr.
; ;
'

a)8iaKb<; tcv/cXos

the circle of animals,'

fr.

^atBiov,

diminutive of
Zyg-,
v. zeug-.

&x>i>), -al.

Zym-, zim-

eo> boil; v. under (typrj leaven, from zel-). a ferment, the cause of an infectious disease zymc,
;

A MIMMIM OF GREEK
./<,:.)'///,>-<;>//.
-/r'

167
.1

suhst.iiuv pnuliu-in:-.
-tcchny,

ferment,
pi..

-gft/it-

'_i-

-nit-tfr;
;

the act of

during fermentation
chal loaf.

-tic.

a-zym, the Jewish paa-

EXTRACTS FROM GREEK AUTHORS

ZeO aXXot re
&>8e ySiT/v r'

#eol, Bore Brj /cat rdvSe

TralB' e/ioV, o>? /cat

70)
/cat

Tre/3,

ayaObv
"

'iXiou

apnrpeTrea avdacreiv t</>t

/cat Trore Tt<? etTrot

etc

Trarpds 7' oSe iro\\ov a

<e/30t 8'

TroXe/AOf aviovra

evapa
goo

KTeivas Sijtov avSpa, %apirj 8e fypeva

HOMERIC POEMS,
'Hector speaking of his

Iliad, 6.

476-481

(c.

B.C.).

little

son Astyanax.
I

Yea, up fray, than his father," and may he bear with him trophies all besprent with gore, after that he hath slain his foe, and may his mother's soul be glad within her.
ter

pray, that he too, glorious among the Trojans, my son, may valorous in strength, may be the mighty defender and, And may it be that many a one shall say of of Ilium. " him as he cometh from the he is a far betbe, as even
I,

Zeus, and ye other gods, grant,

man

ovBev cuciSvorepov <yaia rpefai av6pa)7roio Trawrwv, ocrcra re yalav eVt Trveiei re /cat epjrei.
ov
fj^ev

yap

TTore (prjai KCLKOV TreicreaOai

^eot, /cat

O7ricrcr&>

ofyp

aperrjv Trape^wcn
Br) /cat

yovvar' opwprj'

aXX' ore

\wypa

6eol

//.a/ca/ae?

teal TO, (frepei ae/ca^o/^ez/o?

rerXijorL

roto? <yap voo<f earlv eTn^Ooviwv avdpanraiv, olov ITT' rjfjiap ajrjai Trarrjp avSptov re dewv re.

HOMER,

Od. XVIII. 130-137

(c.

700

B.C.).

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
Nought
all

169

feebler doth the earth nurture than man, of

the creatures that breathe and

move upon

the face

Lo, he thinks that he shall never suffer evil in time to come, while the gods give him happiness,
of the earth.

But when again the blessed gods have wrought for him sorrow, even so he bears it, as he must with a steadfast heart. For the spirit of men upon the earth is even as their day, that comes upon them from the father of gods and men. and
his limbs
lightly.
/jiera

move

Be TOVTOV e/Sao-iXevae Nirw/cpis' TTJV e\eyov n^Kape-

ovaav

aBe\(f>eq), rov AlyvTrrtoi fiacriXevovra cfyewv ctTrefcreicnroKreivavres Be ovrw eKeivrj cnreBocrav rrjv /3acri\r)iriv, vav,

rovrw riftcopeovaav TroXXoi)? ALJVTTTLCOV

7roirj(Ta/jiei>r)V

Bia<j>6eipai

B6\w.

voa) Be aXXa /jnjxavdaOcu' ica\eaacrav Be TOU? yLtaXtcrra fJWCUrfovs rov (frovov ySee TTO\fiiv AiyuTTTitov Xou<? ia"nav, Baivvnevoiai Be iireivtiu rov TrorafJiov Bi'
/jieXXeiv TO)

yap Xo^w,

/jiiv

oiKrjfAa TrepifA'rjices viroyaiov ^eiviaai

tcpVTTTOV fjieydXov.

on

ktovrrjV, &)?

ravTys fj^ev 7repi roaavra eXeyov, roOro e^e'pyaaro, pi^rat e? oi/crj/jia crjroBov
HERODOTUS,
II.

100

(c.

460

B.C.).

After him Nitocris came to the throne.

priests) said

whom

They (the that she, seeking to avenge her brother the Egyptians when he was their king did slay,

giving the kingdom to her when they had slain him, seeking to avenge him she destroyed many of the

For they say that she had an Egyptians by craft. chamber made underground, and inexceeding large augurated it nominally, but in her heart of hearts she had other intentions. She invited those of the Egyptians

70
she

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

whom

to be chiefly implicated in the- murder. a large number, a feast and whilst they She gave them, were feasting she let in the river on them through a
;

knew

large hidden culvert.

This was what the priests told

about her, except they added that she, when her work was accomplished, threw herself into a chamber
full of

me

ashes in order that she might escape punishment.

&>

OI.

(/uXTar' A^yeco? vrat, [JLOVOIS ov yfyverai deotai yr/pas ovBe KarOavelv TTOTC,
6"

ra

aXXa

<f)8ivei fjLev

crvy%ei Trdvd' 6 Tray/cparr) ? %povo<;. Be cra>//,aT09, tcrj^iN? 77}?, (j)6ivei

1

Ovya/cei Be Trt'cm?, /BXaardvei

B'

(nriaria,

KOI

Trvevfj-a

ravrov OVTTOT OVT ev avSpdaiv

ovre
TT/JO?
B'

<f)i\ots ftefirjKev

TroXiv

jap Ta repTrva Trtfcpa yfyvertu KavQis

rjBrj,

rot? fAev

rot9

ev vcrTepy
(f>t\a.

Kal raiai @/7/Saf9

el

ravvv

evrjfAepei

ra

TT/OO? ere, fjivpias

6 nvpios
IQJV.
B.C.).

retcvovrai VVKTCIS r)^epa<i r

SOPHOCLES, Oed.
Col.

607-620 (496-406

Dear son

of Aegeus, to the gods alone

comes never

old age or death, but all else all-mastering time doth Earth's strength decays, and the bring to naught.

strength of the body faith dies, unfaith is born nor is the same spirit ever steadfast among friends, or between
;
;

city

city; for, be it sweet turn to bitter, and

all is

and

soon or be

it

late,

now

once again to sunshine between Thebes and thee, yet time,

men find love. And if

and

in his countless course, gives birth to countless days

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

171

nights, wherein for a small reason they shall sunder with the spear the plighted concord of to-day.

Kal ev re rovrois

rrjv rrdXtv

diav

elvai 6avfJt,d%ecr6ai Kal

/zer*

en

ev

aXXot?.

<f)t\OKa\ov/Jt,ev

jap

eureXeta?

Kal

<J>t\oao<f)OVfj,V

dvev /uaXa/a'a?,
/CO'/ATTO) %p(i)fj,eOa,

Kaipy

r)

\dyov

rrXovrw re epyov /*aXXoi> Kal TO rreevecrOai ov% 6/ioXo-

evu yelv rivi ai<r%pdv, aXXa [tr] Siafavyuv 6/370) cua"%i,ov. re rot? avrot? ouceftov afjia Kal TroXtTiicwv eTTi/teXeia, Kal
erejooi?
TT^OO?

epya

rerpafjifjie'i'oi^

ra 7roXm/ea

evSew

yap rov re fATjSev rwvSe i^erej^ovra OVK aXX' a^peiov vofju'^opev, Kal avrol tfroi Kpivojiev
ye
rj

evOvaov/jieda opBws

ra Trpdyftara, ou TOU? \6yovs rot?

epyois (3\dj3riv

fjyovfjievoi,

aXXa

ft>;

7rpo$i8a%0rjvai fj,d\\ov

\6ya) rrporepov rj eirl d Bel epya) e\6elv. Siafapovrcos ydp Brj Kal roSe e^o//ei>, ware ro\adv re ol avrol yuaXtcrra Kal
rrepl (Sv em'^eiprjffOfJLev
/JLCV

K\oyi^ea-Oaf o rot? aXXot? dfiaOia

(frepei.
II.

Opdaos, Xoyia-fjibs Be OKVOV

THUCYDIDES,

40 (453-396

B.C.).

are these the only points in which our city is worthy of admiration. Cultivating refinement without
1 extravagance and knowledge without effeminacy, we employ our wealth more for use than for show, and

Nor

place the real disgrace of poverty not in owning to the

fact but in declining the struggle against

men
to,

public have, besides politics, their private affairs to attend and our ordinary citizens, though occupied with the

it.

Our

ters
1

pursuits of industry, are still fair judges of public matfor, unlike any other nation, regarding him who
;

Sometimes paraphrased

"

cheap High Art and muscular Christianity."

1/2

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

takes no part in these duties not as unambitious but as useless, we Athenians are able to judge at all events if

we cannot

of looking on discussion as a stumbling block in the way of action, we think it an indispensable preliminary to any wise action at all.
originate,

and instead

tacle of

Again, in our enterprises we present the singular specdaring and deliberation, each carried to its
;

highest point, and both united in the same persons although usually decision is the fruit of ignorance, hesitation of reflection.
So)Kpd.TT]S.

"AvUTOS.
rjSitcrjice
;

SO.
77

Trorepov Se,

co

"Ayure,

TtV ere

rwv

(rofyLGTwv,

rt oureo? aurot? ^aXeTTo? el

AN.
ouS'

ouSe fjia Ata eywye a-vyyeyova TrcoTrore avrwv av a\\ov eacrai/u TWV e^Syv ovbeva. Sfl. aireipos ap el TravraTracri TWV avbpwv ;
1

ovBevi,

AN.
.

ical elrjv ye.

7r<w5
,

ow,

ay,

a>

&aifj,ome,

el&eir)? irepl

TOVTOV rov

ecre TI

ayaObv

e^ei ev

eavrw
oloi

eire (})\avpov, ov

TraVTajracnv ajreipos etijS ; AN. pqSia)?. TOVTOVS yovv avret/Jo? aurcav el/M et're pi].
211.
H-CLVTIS el tcr&)9, to
e

olSa

elaiv,

eir

ovv

"Ayure,

eirel

OTTW? ye aXXco? olcrOa

TOVTCOV jrepi,

&v ayro?

Xeyet?, 6avp,d^oL^ av.

PLATO, Meno, 92
B.

SOCRATES.

ANYTUS.

SOCRATES. But, Anytus, has any one of the sophists done you an injury, or why are you so harsh towards

them ? ANYTUS. Great heavens,

no,

/ have never yet met

A MINIMUM OF GREEK

173

any of them, nor would I allow any one of my household to do so. SOCRATES. Do you then have nothing whatever to do
with

men

of that sort

ANYTUS. I would like to do so certainly. SOCRATES. How then, my good sir, can you know anything about this question, whether a man with whom you have had no dealings has any good in him or any bad? ANYTUS. Easily. At any rate, I know what sort of people the sophists are, whether I have any dealings with them or not. SOCRATES. Well, perhaps you're a seer, Anytus for from what you yourself say I should be very surprised
;

if

you know anything about these people except by

divination.

trd
&ij

fj?

e/Jwra?, avrl 7rota9 aperrjs a^ito ri/jidcrBai

eyco

aot Xey&>

on rwv

TroXirevopevcov Trapa rot? "EXX^crt 8ia-

(f)0apevT(DV ajraVTcov, ap^a/Jievwv cnrb aov, efi ovre Kaipbs ovrc

eTrajjeXcwv yu,eye$o5 our' eXTTt? ovre OVT aXX' ovbev ejr^pev ovBe Trpo^ydyero &v eicpiva Bltcatov Kal <TV ^epovrwv rrj TrarplSt ov8ev TrpoBouvai, ovB\
<f>i\av0p(O7Tia \6<ycov OVT'
^)o/3o?

oaa

av/Jt,/3e(3ov\evKa TTWTrore TOVTOLCTI, OftotoR vftlv locnrep

ejrtov CTTL

TO t8iov /cepSo9, aXX' air

Trpocrra?, TrdvO*

opOfjs
&r)
ic

Kal

tcaSta(f)66pov TI}? T^in^r}?, teal fjiejicrrcav

T(ov

rwv

tear'

e^avrov av0pa)7ra>v

Sueafos TreTToXtreu/iai.

Bia raOr' a^tc5 Tifidaffai.

DEM. De

Cor.

297 (325).
I

Then do you ask me, Aeschines,

claim to be honored
?

for

what merit

I will tell

you.

Because, while

174
all

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
the statesmen in Greece, beginning with yourself,

have been corrupted, formerly by Philip and now by Alexander, me neither opportunity, nor fair speeches, nor large promises, nor hope, nor fear, nor anything
else,

could tempt or induce to betray aught that

con-

Whatever I sidered just and beneficial to my country. have advised my fellow-citizens, I have never advised as
you have, leaning as in a balance to the side of profit all my proceedings have been those of a man upright, honest, and incorrupt entrusted with affairs of greater magnitude than any of my contemporaries, I have administered them all honestly and faithfully. These are the grounds on which I claim to be honoured.
: :

ISwv Se

TOW

o^Xoi"? aveftt] els TO 0/305' /cal K

avrov, 7rpocrfi\0ov
crTOfjia

avry

ol /J,a6r)Tal avrov' KOI avoia<; TO

fAaicdpioi ol

avTov eSiSaa/cev avrovs Xeywt',

ol

Trrw^ol

TO) TTvevfiaTi'
fJLaicdpioi,

on avrwv eanv on TrevOovvTes

' '

7)

ySao-tXeta

rwv ovpavwv.

avTol

7rapa/c\r)dijcrovTai.
<yr]V.

fjLaicdpioi
fjiatcdpioL

ol Trpaet?

ori avrol /cXrjpovofjLijcr overt rrjv

ol Treivtovres

KOI Sitywvres
Matthew, ch.

rrjv SiKaio(rvvr)V

Sri

St.

v.

1-6

incl. (c.

45 A.D.).

1.

And
:

seeing

the multitudes
set,

he went up into a
his disciples

mountain
unto him.
2. 3.

and when he was

came

And

he opened his mouth and taught them, saying,

spirit
:

Blessed are the poor in kingdom of heaven.

4.

for theirs

is

the

Blessed are they that mourn

for they shall

be

comforted,

A MINIMUM OF GREEK
5.

1/5

Blessed are the

meek

for they shall inherit the

earth.
6.

after Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst

:

righteousness

for they shall

be

rilled.

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