Considering an Educational Talk show:

Necessity of Higher Education in Theoretical & Vocational Purpose

TABLES OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION:...........................................................................................................3 The overall educational system in our country:................................................................4 Theoretical Education:..................................................................................................4 Vocational Education: .................................................................................................5 Benefits of vocational education:.................................................................................5 Benefits of general academic education ......................................................................6 The features of theoretical and vocational education of Bangladesh:..........................7 FROM TEACHERS VIEW ............................................................................................9 FROM GUARDIANS VIEW........................................................................................10 1. Status in the society ..........................................................................................10 2. Duration for the promotion.................................................................................10 3. Cost during the study..........................................................................................11 FROM BUSINESSMANS VIEW.................................................................................12 Reference: .....................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION:
Education is a basic human right. It is a key tool for national development. There happened many research about the development of education. In many countries, it was seen that it has a large educated population but it remains unable to make significant progress. It is also said that third world development is sluggish. The scholars began to find the reason of the lacking of the development. Scholars argue that countries need a well-diversified education system in order to gain sustainable development through education. The present paper discusses the issues connected with academic vs. vocational education. The overarching theme of the paper is acknowledgment of the importance vocational. ambiguous economies education. The value attached to a qualification depends crucially on what people can do with it. S.S.C or H.S.C are valued - some more than others - because they qualify successful students for the course of their choice at the university of their choice. Vocational qualifications in countries like Germany and Switzerland are highly respected because they are clearly related to sought-after employment. Some of the most prestigious qualifications in this country are vocational, like medical and law degrees, because of the doors they open, but most vocational qualifications for 14 to 19 year-olds have no such clear purpose. The dilemma calculations of and of of cost-benefit analysis effective the when

arguing for or against either type of education: academic or providing education to unstable particularly in developing countries with limited resources and rates of return due labor market fluctuations makes it an absolute

necessity to consider costs and benefits associated with each type of

The overall educational system in our country:

Theoretical Education:
Theoretical Education is an educational level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education. Colleges, universities, and Institutes of Technology are the main institutions that provide tertiary education (sometimes known collectively as tertiary institutions). Examples of institutions that provide postsecondary education are community colleges, independent colleges, Institutes of Technology, and universities. They are sometimes known collectively as tertiary institutions. Completion of tertiary education generally results in the awarding of certificates or academic degrees. High performance is expected of students in Higher Education, and those who cannot meet the standards must leave. Theoretical education includes teaching, research, exacting applied work (e.g. in medical schools and dental schools), and social services activities of universities. Within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level (sometimes referred to as tertiary education), and beyond that, graduate-level (or postgraduate level) for very highly-qualified students who wish to go further in their education and skills. This level of education is often referred to as graduate school. In many developed countries, a high proportion of the population, now enter higher education at some time in their lives. Higher education is therefore very important to national economies, both as a significant industry in its own right and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy.

Vocational Education:
Vocational education or Vocational Education and Training (VET), also called Career and Technical Education (CTE), prepares learners for jobs that are based in manual or practical activities, traditionally nonacademic and totally related to a specific trade, occupation or vocation, hence the term, in which the learner participates. It is sometimes referred to as technical education, as the learner directly develops expertise in a particular group of techniques or technology. Up until the end of the twentieth century, vocational education focused on specific trades such as for example, an automobile mechanic or welder, and was therefore associated with the activities of lower social classes. As a consequence, it attracted a level of stigma. Vocational education is related to the age-old apprenticeship system of learning. However, as the labor market becomes more specialized of and economies education demand through higher publicly levels funded of skill, governments and businesses are increasingly investing in the future vocational training organizations and subsidized apprenticeship or traineeship initiatives for businesses. At the post-secondary level vocational education is typically provided by an institute of technology, or by a local community college.

Benefits of vocational education:

The following are examples of other benefits by the ERIC Clearinghouse of Vocational Education, which include: 1. Actively engaged in problem solving in the working environment 2. Hands-on work activities that allow application of knowledge 3. Employment opportunities which involve the outdoors 4. Leading to employment opportunities which offer greater

responsibilities

5. Learning new work skills to meet requirements in an ever changing work place 6. Learning new skills for changing careers 7. Increased job skill transfer ability 8. Increased job stability

Benefits of general academic education

The benefits of academic education compared to vocational education are: General academic education is more flexible, cost-effective and equitable; Creates general human capital Creates flexibility and portability over ones life and from ones job to another; Enables pupils to continue in their schooling to higher levels; Is capable of responding to economic and labor force changes in society.

The features of theoretical and vocational education of Bangladesh:

The World Bank described Bangladesh as lagging behind the economic growth of technical and technological modernization. But Bangladeshs greatest strength is its people. Ethnically homogeneous and firmly weeded after much turmoil to the intuitions, they are well known for hard work and resilience under stress. The World Bank noted that Bangladesh has no more alternatives in order to gain development, except properly utilizing its population. The World Bank, UNDP, United Nations Educational, Scientific and cultural Organization (UNESCO) all suggest that Bangladesh urgently needs to utilize its over-crowded population and large labor market. To improve the quality of the employees, Bangladeshs people needs to be trained in modern professional-based and job-oriented technical, technological and vocational programs. World Bank data reveals that, in the last 25 years, Bangladeshs economy has only developed at a 4% annual gross rate for its domestic product (GDP), leaving it still poor and dependent on foreign aid for its development; particularly due to political instability. Local politicians and privileged people blame the continuing deprived state of Bangladesh on its relatively recent independence. All countries, specially the developing countries need balanced development through all of the educational sectors in order to make significant progress in terms of national development. Presently Bangladesh is mainly offering education in general subjects, but to achieve development, it must offer a variety of courses for disciplines such as technical, vocational, professional, agricultural and so on. The country needs a balanced distribution of manpower for all professions, so that the vast population of Bangladesh can contribute to economical growth by participating in different professions. Additionally, if people get involved in different professions naturally, they will may their own professions, and that may help in the development of social equity, respect and freedom.

Bangladesh has taken the decision to build more traditional educational institutions which has resulted in producing graduates rather than skilled person power. Vocational education is inherently multidisciplinary in nature, and depends to a significant extent of specialists from relevant disciplines in the country, as well as those in developed countries where development has been progressed through multidisciplinary activities. So this may help the students to reach the labor market and further education, with a solid foundation. The number of polytechnic institutions is low in comparison with most other countries, and the Bangladesh population. One government vocational teachers training institute offers in-service training for the teachers, but its effectiveness is questionable. This brings question how effectively vocational teachers are performing in teaching. The present vocational education system does not provide any in-service training for workers. The present status of vocational education system is such that we only offer old programs and topics. Bangladesh needs to offer up-todate programs such as information technology, computer science, ecommerce and so-on. Bangladesh not only needs to restructure its vocational education facilities, but also needs to restructure the vocational programs. In Bangladesh 64% of technician level jobs are held by people without any formal education or training, and suggest that if vocational education in Bangladesh fails provide good programs with an up-to-date curriculum; they will likely lose credibility with the employees. There are some barriers to vocational education in Bangladesh: 1) Most elite parents think that their children should not become a labor. Even if their children are less academically able, parents try to push their children into higher education. But poor parents become disappointed about their childrens education. 2) The quality of vocational education system is very poor and cant provide sufficient significant knowledge for jobs. 3) A vocational student has a gap of 2 years academic study, he/she cant enroll in further higher education. In these

circumstances a vocational graduate joins his/her job after completion of secondary and higher secondary education, he/she cant come back into further education. 4) Higher educated people in general discipline areas can work at any place but higher educated people from vocational education can only work in different places, which is low in terms of social prestige. Providing good vocational education needs more money for practical workshop facilities, and also demands industrial attachments for internships. There need multifarious expensive requirements such as materials, resources, curriculum, support system, personnel, management requirements etc. As a poor country, achieving a high budget for education is a real challenge for Bangladesh.

FROM TEACHERS VIEW

We know a proverb that says, Education is the backbone of a nation. It is true but if we introduce a sense of urgency, it will be very timely and practical. The world is advancing so fast and to keep up with the pace and compete, we need to acquire the required speed. To acquire necessary speed, we need to concentrate on practical education along with theoretical education because we will not be able to employ such a big number of unemployed people with our limited resources only by theoretical education and knowledge. A student can gather more knowledge completing a Theoretical degree. Theoretical education helps a student to get better jobs. Also in any particular organization it is easy for an employee to get promotions and get handsome salaries having a theoretical degree. Theoretical degree also gives you the social economic status. As long as the educational system produces graduates with real skills and knowledge, education will thrive; however if the graduates only have paper certificates with no real knowledge everyone will suffer. On the other hand many of our unemployed people are graduate and that means they have spent at least 16 years in schools and colleges. 9

After studying all these years and spending all their money they are running after a job only to erase the unemployed tag. But some people are also having good jobs after taking a vocational degree. I talked to some people of financially stronger countries, who are working abroad, about their educational system and they informed that they complete high school and then decide whether to go for theoretical education or vocational education. Mostly the very good and meritorious students are encouraged to go for theoretical educations. The others are encouraged to go for vocational education. After they get training and acquire skills in certain fields they are employed in their related fields and they can get better job abroad also. In overseas, the technically skilled people are always highly paid. Our government can also follow this and it will help reducing unemployment-related frustration among the young people.

FROM GUARDIANS VIEW

The guardians view is discussed here into three parts:

1. Status in the society

Status is an important part of our life. The employee from theoretical studies gets more money than that from the vocational studies. This more income gives him a good position in the society. He can lead his life better than that employee who came from vocational studies. Thats why guardians want to send their children for theoretical education instead of vocational education.

2. Duration for the promotion

Its easy for an employee of theoretical education to get the promotion. But in case of an employee of vocational education needs a long time to get the same position. We guardians want to establish our children in life in a short time. Thats why we prefer theoretical education instead of vocational education.

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3. Cost during the study

Now-a-days, the students passing from the 4 years vocational studies go to 4 years theoretical education to get the B.Sc degree. After passing the S.S.C they have to study total 8 years. But a student coming from theoretical education spends only 6 years after passing the S.S.C. Because of the excess of 2 years the students from vocational studies have to pay more money than that of theoretical studies. For all the above reasons, guardians want their children to get the theoretical education instead of vocational education.

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FROM BUSINESSMANS VIEW

A business professional has to maintain a large number of employees to run my business effectively. of all employees have theoretical education background who work in administration and management sector and other have vocational background.. Employee comes from vocational side can handle the business operations effectively. We all should agree that here is a large gap between theoretical and vocational education. Theoretical knowledge cannot easily implement into practical on the other hand vocational experience can easily implement and use in practical operation. Again vocational and technical education update day by day that meet the need of modern world. But theoretical education cannot adapt frequently. In order to maintain the business activities we should adapt technologies. We badly need the vocational trained up people. But in the perspective of our country the percentage of vocational experienced people are low. So, we face a great problem to maintain a business. We need to train up our employee in vocational and technical side and thats why the company cost increased and production level decrease. That mean profit also decrease. It can create a great problem to maintain a business. So it is needed to train up our people in vocational and technical to enhance our business and economy frequently.

Reference:

1. The role of technical and vocational education in the national development in the national development of Bangladesh - By Gazi Mahbubul Alam

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