Instrument Engineer's Handbook For Control Valve

Instrument Engineer's Handbook
for
DURCO Quarter-turn Control Valves
Flowserve Corporation
Flow Control Division
1978 Foreman Drive
Cookeville, TN 38501
FCD AXAMS0045-00
(AUTO-45)
Revision March 2005
Flowserve Corporation, Flow Control Division, Cookeville, Tennessee, extends its appreciation to the
Instrument Society of America for its permission to adapt Standard S75.01, Instrument Society of
America, 1985 and Control Valve Sizing by L.R. Driskell, Instrument Society of America, 1976.
A valuable reference for further study of control valves is the ISA Handbook of Control Valves, Second
Edition, 1976.
Instrument Engineers Handbook

for
Durco Control Valves
Preface
This manual on control valve sizing brings together the mathematical tools required to select Durco valves
properly for control valve applications. The equations presented for liquids, gases, and steam are based on the
ISA standard S75.01 and are divided into sections to simplify manual calculation for the more common sizing
problems. Examples of each type are presented for further comprehension. The selection of a correct valve size
as mathematically determined depends on accurate knowledge of the actual flowing data. Frequently, one or more
of the operating conditions are arbitrarily assumed. Most errors in control valve sizing are due to incorrect
assumptions. Generally speaking, the tendency is to make the valve too large to be on the "safe side". Combining
these so called "safety factors" can result in a valve which is oversized and one which contributes to poor control
and system instability. There is no substitute for good engineering judgement. Only good common sense
combined with experience can bring forth an acceptable solution in valve sizing. Control valve applications vary
in degree from simple to complex. On occasion, guidance and assistance in selecting the proper control valve may
be required.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Topic
Page
SECTION 1 How to Size Valves

Liquid Sizing
Gas Sizing
Steam Sizing
Frequently Used Formula Conversions
5
6
14
17
20
SECTION 2 Noise Abatement

Hydrodynamic noise
21
22
SECTION 3 Cv and Torque Tables for Valve and Actuator Sizing
26
28
29
29
30
31
32
32
32
33
34
35
36
37
37
Sleeved Plug Valve -- G4, G4B Marathon, TSG4, TSG4Z (standard port only)
Cv
Sleeved Plug Valve -- G4, G4B Marathon (use for standard and V-port)
Sizing Torque
Triple Sealed Sleeved Plug Valve --TSG4, TSG4Z (use for standard and V-port)
Sizing Torque
Sleeved Plug Valves (V-port only) -- G4, G4B Marathon, TSG4, TSG4Z
Cv
MG4 Sleeveline Plug Valves -- Multi-Port Plug
Cv
Port-Seal/Sleeved Mach 1 Valve V-Port
Cv
Port-Seal/Sleeved Mach 1 Valve Standard Port
Cv
Port-Seal/Sleeved Mach 1 Valve
Sizing Torque
Fluorocarbon Lined Plug Valves (standard port only) -- T4
Cv
Fluorocarbon Lined Plug Valves -- T4, ET41 & T43 (use for standard port and V-port plugs) Sizing Torque
Fluorocarbon Lined Plug Valves (V-port only) -- T4
Cv
BX2001 -- Big Max Butterfly Valves -- ANSI Class 150# Series
Cv
BX2001 -- Big Max Butterfly Valves -- ANSI Class 150# Series Standard PFA/Viton Seat Sizing Torque
Firesealed, Standard PFA/Inconel & UHMWPE Seats only
Sizing Torque
BX2001-- Big Max Butterfly Valves -- ANSI Class 150# Series -- Triflex Metal Seat (70F) Sizing Torque
BX2001 -- Big Max Butterfly Valves -- ANSI Class 150# Series -- Triflex Metal Seat (800F) Sizing Torque
BX2001 -- Big Max Butterfly Valves -- ANSI Class 150# Series -- Triflex Metal Seat (1000F) Sizing Torque
BTV Valve -- Fluorocarbon Lined Butterfly Valves -- ANSI Class 150# Series
Cv
BTV Valve -- Fluorocarbon Lined Butterfly Valves -- ANSI Class 150# Series
Sizing Torque
BUV Valve -- UHMWPE Lined Butterfly Valves -- ANSI Class 150# Series
Sizing Torque
Atomac AKH3 Valve -- Standard Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined
Cv
Atomac AKH3E Valve -- V- Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined
Cv
Atomac CAKH3V Valve C-Ball Standard Port Ball Valve FEP & PFA Lined
Cv
Atomac AKH3 Valve -- Standard Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Clean / Clear Service Sizing Torque
Atomac AKH3 Valve -- Standard Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Slurry Service
Sizing Torque
Atomac CAKH3V Valve C-Ball Standard Port Ball Valve FEP & PFA Lined
Sizing Torque
Atomac AKH2 Valve -- Standard Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined
Cv
Atomac AKH2 Valve -- Full Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Clean / Clear Service
Sizing Torque
Atomac AKH2 Valve -- Full Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Slurry Service
Sizing Torque
Atomac AKH5 Valve -- Standard Port Ball Valve -- Ceramic Lined
Cv
Atomac AKH5 Valve -- Standard Port Ball Valve -- Ceramic Lined (Liner & Ball)
Clean / Clear Service
Sizing Torque
Atomac AKH5 Valve -- Standard Port Ball Valve -- Ceramic Lined (Liner & Ball) -- Slurry Service
Sizing Torque
Atomac AKH2A Valve -- Full Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined
Cv
Atomac AKH2A Valve -- Full Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Clean / Clear Service Sizing Torque
Atomac AKH2A Valve -- Full Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Slurry Service
Sizing Torque
3
38
38
38
39
40
40
41
41
41
42
42
42
43
44
44
45
45
45
46
46
46
Atomac AKH6 Valve -- Tank Drain Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined
Atomac AKH6 Valve -- Tank Drain Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Clean / Clear Service
Atomac AKH6 Valve -- Tank Drain Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Slurry Service
Atomac AMP3 Valve -- 3-Way Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined
Atomac AMP3 Valve -- 3-Way Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Clean / Clear Service
Atomac AMP3 Valve -- 3-Way Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Slurry Service
Microfinish BR2 Valve -- Regular Port Flanged Ball Valve
Microfinish Valve -- 150# Flanged, Reduced Bore Ball Valve
Microfinish BF2 Valve -- Full Port Flanged Ball Valve
Microfinish Valve -- Flanged, Full Bore Ball Valve
Microfinish BR38 Valve -- Regular Port 800# Ball Valve
Microfinish BR38 Valve -- 800# Threaded Ball Valve
Microfinish BR38 Valve -- Full Port 800# Ball Valve
Microfinish BF2K Valve -- Full Port WOG Ball Valve
Microfinish BF2K Valve -- Full Port WOG Ball Valve -- Screwed End & Socket Weld
Microfinish BF3K Valve -- Full Port WOG Ball Valve
Microfinish BF3K Valve -- Full Port WOG Ball Valve -- Screwed End & Socket Weld
SECTION 4 Reference Data

Pressure concepts and types
Useful equivalents
Mass rate
Mass rate liquids
Vacuum equivalents
Temperature conversions
Physical constants of common industrial substances
Liquid velocity determination
Steam recommendations
Saturated and superheated steam tables
Values of K
Specific weight vs temperature
Compressibility charts
ISA control valve sizing terminology, formulas and nomenclature
Cv
Sizing Torque
Sizing Torque
Cv
Sizing Torque
Sizing Torque
Cv
Sizing Torque
Cv
Sizing Torque
Cv
Sizing Torque
Cv
Cv
Sizing Torque
Cv
Sizing Torque
47
47
47
48
48
48
49
49
50
50
51
51
51
52
52
53
53
54
55
55
56
57
57
57
58
61
62
63
65
66
67
70
Section One
LIQUID SIZING
Liquid flow through Durco valves may be predicted by using the thermodynamic laws of fluid flow and the
standards established in this manual by the Flowserve Corporation. There are two basic requirements that must be
determined to properly size Durco control valves; first is the Cv required and second is the allowable pressure
drop for a given service and valve.
Proper selection of any control valve requires some basic information that may or may not be readily available.
Ideally, we would like to:
1) Get a general description of what is to be accomplished or a data sheet if possible.
2) Have the following data provided.
a) Inlet pressure.
b) Temperature maximum and minimum.
c) Process fluid.
d) Flow rates - maximum, normal and minimum.
e) Vapor pressure.
f) Pipeline size - schedule and material.
g) Pressure drop - minimum, normal and maximum.
h) Specific gravity.
i) Critical pressure.
The following formulae shall be used in sizing Durco Valves.
1-1.0
Cv=
P
S .G.
Where:
Cv = Flow coefficient required.

Q = Flow in gpm.
S.G. = Specific gravity
P = Pressure drop in psi.
Definition: Cv, is numerically equal to the number of U.S. gallons of water that will flow through a valve in one
minute with water at 60OF and a one psi differential pressure across the valve.
1-1.1
Pallow = FL 2(P1-rcPV)
Where:
Pallow = allowable pressure drop in psi.

FL2 = Recovery coefficient from CV chart.
rc = Critical pressure ratio from rc chart.
PV = Vapor pressure in psia.
1-1.2
CV =
Pallow
S .G.
(for choked flow)
Note: This formula should be used when Pactual Pallow , where: Pactual = P1-P2
6
DETERMINING THE REQUIRED Cv

Formula 1-1.0 is the general-purpose equation for most liquid sizing applications. This formula utilizes the actual
pressure drop or the inlet pressure minus the outlet pressure, to calculate the required Cv. Examination of the
formula indicates that "if the pressure drop increased, the flow should also increase." There is, however, a point
where further decreases in P2 results in no change in flow rate and is referred to as "Choked Flow." Therefore, the
actual P no longer applies and a maximum Pallow must be substituted to calculate the required Cv,(equation
1.1.2). Choked flow results from flashing or cavitation and could cause damage to the valve and/or piping. When
solving a liquid sizing application, consider some or all of the following points to determine if Pallow should be
used.
1) If the inlet pressure (P1) is relatively close to the vapor pressure.
2) If the outlet pressure (P2) is relatively close to the vapor pressure.
3) If the actual pressure drop is large when compared to the inlet pressure.
This means that if there is any doubt that the liquid service is in close proximity to choked flow, the Pallow must
be calculated and compared to Pactual(see section on cavitation and flashing beginning on page 10).
Using a valve smaller than line size will contribute to errors in the required Cv, due to losses caused by the
expanders and reducers. Flowserve has calculated this effect on CV, and printed the results for your convenience
(see Section 2). Should the need arise to calculate the corrected CV, for various combinations we have supplied a
catalog of formulae from ISA Standards.
When an incompressible fluid has a high viscosity and/or low velocity, laminar flow may exist. The CV
previously discussed assumed turbulent flow and must be multiplied by a correction factor (FR) to obtain the
actual flow coefficient. Generally speaking, if the viscosity is less than SAE 10 motor oil (~30cp), this factor may
be neglected.
CV CALCULATIONS PROCEDURE
1) Using the given flow conditions, calculate the CV, using equation 1-1.0.
2) Select a nominal valve size from the sizing charts based on the calculated CV. This CV, value should generally
fall between 20-80% of port opening.
3) Read FL2 value from sizing chart based on the percent of opening at which the valve will operate.
4) Using the FL2 value, calculate the Pallow from equation 1-1.1. The rc value is determined from the critical
pressure ratio charts on page 13.
5) Compare the Pallow to the Pactual if Pallow is greater than the actual pressure drop equation 1-1.0 is valid. If
Pallow is less than actual pressure drop, equation 1-1.2 must be used and flashing exists (see section on cavitation
and flashing beginning on page 10).
6) If viscosity correction is required, use the FR correction procedure.
VISCOSITY CORRECTION
When it is determined that the viscosity is greater than SAE 10 motor oil (30 cp @ 70F), the following correction
should be made (Figure 1).
7
Based on the type of valve selected (plug or butterfly) calculate the Reynolds number using the following
formulae and correct for the effects of laminar flow.
Re = 17,300
(for plug valves)
v CV
where:
Re = Reynolds number
Q = Flow rate, gpm
v = Viscosity, centistokes*
CV = Flow coefficient
Re = 12,283
(for butterfly valves)
v CV
*(centistokes = centipoise/S.G.)
The correction factor may be obtained from Figure 1.0 the Viscosity Correction Factor chart. Use the value (FR)
and calculate the corrected Cv. Cv (corrected) = FR Cv
EXAMPLES FOR LIQUID SIZING

Example 1
Given information:
Fluid = water
P1 = 150 psig = 14.7 = 164.7 psia
P = 10 psi
8
Q = 50 gpm
T = 193O
PV = 10 psia
S.G. = 1.0
Line size = 1
1) Use equation 1-1.0.
Q
Cv = Q
P
S .G.
50
=
10
1 .0
= 15.8
2) Select a nominal valve size from the sizing chart for V-ported valves on page 29.
3) For V-port plug valves, a 1" valve and a 1" line has a maximum Cv of 29.9. The calculated Cv of 15.8 falls in at
about 72% of port opening.
4) The FL2 value at 72% opening is approximately 0.65.
5) Calculate Pallow from equation 1-1.1.
Pallow = FL2 (P1 - rC PV)
Where: FL2= 0.65
P1 = 164.7 psia
PV = 10 psia
rC = 0.95 (from rC charts)
Pallow = 0.59 [164.7 - (0.95) (10)] = 100.91 psi
6) Compare the actual pressure drop to the allowable pressure drop.
Pactual = 10 psi
Pallow = 100.91 psi
The actual pressure drop is less than the maximum allowable pressure drop. Therefore, equation 1-1.0 is valid.
7) Water is less viscous than SAE 10 weight motor oil and the FR factor may be neglected.
Conclusion:
The 1" V-port plug valve would operate at about 72% of full open and
would be a good selection in this example.
Example 2
Given information:
Fluid = Liquid chlorine
P1 = 125 psig + 14.7 = 139.7 psia
P = 75 psi
Q = 150 gpm
T = 60OF
PV = 100 psia
S.G. = 1.42
Line size = 3"
9
1) Use equation 1-1.0.

Q
Cv = Q
P
=
S .G.
150
75
1.42
= 20.6
2) Select a nominal valve size from the sizing charts. For V-port plug valves, a 2" valve in a 3" line has a
maximum CV of 52.2. The calculated CV of 20.7 fans in about 60% of port opening.
3) The FL2 value at 60% is approximately .86.
4) Calculate the Pallow from equation 1-1.1.
Pallow = FL2 (P1 - rC PV)
Where: FL2 = .86
P1 = 139.7 psia
PV = 100 psia
rC = 0.87
Note: rC was found by looking up the critical pressure PC and
dividing that value into PV.
PC = 1119 psia
PV = 100 psia
PV/PC = 100/1119 = 0.089
Enter value into graph on page 13, figure 1.3.
Reading vertically rC = 0.87.
Pallow = 0.86 [139.7 - 0.87 (100)] = 45.32 psi
5) Compare the actual pressure drop to the allowable pressure drop.
Pactual = 75 psi
Pallow = 45.32 psi
The allowable pressure drop is less than the actual pressure drop. Therefore, equation 1-1.2 must be used to
calculate the required CV.
Q
Cv = Q
Pallow
=
S .G.
150
45.32
1.42
Because the allowable pressure drop is less than the actual pressure drop, the required CV increased. The CV of
26.56 falls in at about 75% of opening indicating that our first selection has enough capacity to control the
process.
Referring to the cavitation and flashing section, the outlet pressure is less than the vapor pressure and flashing
exists. Proper material selection should handle this type of problem, however, if cavitation exists in a different
application consult the Cookeville Valve Operation.
CAVITATION AND FLASHING
We previously stated that there are two basic requirements that must be determined to properly size control
valves. Accuracy has been improved with the introduction of the factor, rC and is called the critical pressure ratio.
10
We can now calculate the point where a liquid will result in choked flow and calculation of the allowable pressure
drop is the technique used for this prediction.
Pallow = FL2 (P1-rCPV)
As a liquid flows through the control valve orifice it restricts the flow and causes the fluid to pick up velocity. The
point where the fluid reaches maximum velocity results in an energy exchange that lowers the pressure. This point
of lowest pressure and highest velocity is referred to as the vena contracta.
FIGURE 1.1
Figure 1.1 shows the flow pattern of the fluid passing through a restriction and depicts what actually happens to
the pressure at the vena contracta. If the vena contracta pressure (PVC) falls below the vapor pressure, vapor
bubbles start to form. When the fluid passes the vena contracta the fluid velocity slows, thus raising the liquid
pressure to some point (P2) less than the inlet pressure. If the outlet pressure (P2) recovers below the vapor
pressure, flashing takes place. If the outlet pressure (P2) recovers above the vapor pressure, the vapor bubbles will
implode and cavitation is present. Cavitation produces noise, vibration and physical damage to the valve and/or
down stream piping.
Therefore, calculation of the allowable pressure drop (Pallow) predicts whether or not the vena contracta pressure
(PVC) will be below the vapor pressure. Avoiding cavitation or flashing means keeping the vena contracta pressure
above the vapor pressure. We have included a flow chart to simplify determination of the fluid state for your
convenience.
11
CAVITATION DETERMINATION
12
CONTROL VALVE SIZING CAVITATING AND FLASHING LIQUIDS
FIGURE 1.2 - CRITICAL PRESSURE RATIOS FOR WATER

1
0.9
Critical
Pressure
Ratio
rc
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Pv = Vapor Pressure (psia)

Enter the water vapor pressure value at inlet temperature on the abscissa. Proceed vertically to intersect the
curve. Read the critical pressure ratio rC on the ordinate by moving horizontally to the left.
FIGURE 1.3 CRITICAL PRESSURE RATIOS FOR OTHER LIQUIDS

1
0.9
Critical
Pressure
Ratio
rc
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Pv/Pc Where Pv = Vapor Pressure (psia) and Pc = Critical Pressure (psia)
13
Determine the vapor pressure/critical pressure ratio by dividing the liquid vapor pressure at the valve inlet (noting
liquid temperature), by the critical pressure of the liquid. Enter this ratio on the abscissa and proceed vertically to
intersect the curve. Read the critical pressure ratio rC on the ordinate by moving horizontally to the left.
GAS SIZING
Ideal gases and vapors are compressible fluids and require a similar approach to liquid sizing while taking into
account such terms as the compressibility factor (Z), the expansion factor (Y) and the terminal pressure
ratio (Xt). The flow rate (Q) has units of standard cubic feet per hour and care should be taken to convert your
required flow from the compressibility charts in the reference data section beginning on page 67.
The following formulae will be used to calculate the required flow coefficient for Durco valves.
1-2.0
CV =
QSCFH
1360 P1 Y
1-2.1
Y=1-
1-2.2
CV=
X
GTZ
X
3FkXt
QSCFH
1360 P1 (0.667)
Xt
GTZ
Where: X, Y, G, CV, and Z are dimensionless

Q = Flow rate in SCFH
P1 = Inlet pressure in psia
Y = Expansion factor
X = Pressure drop ratio P/P1
G = Specific gravity
T = temperature, oR
Fk = Specific heat ratio
Xt = Terminal pressure drop ratio
Z = Compressibility factor
DETERMINING THE REQUIRED Cv
Formula 1-2.0 is the general purpose equation for most gas sizing applications. However, when gases flow
through a restriction they will expand and contract. We stated earlier that gas sizing includes both expansion and
compressibility factors and careful examination of the fluid characteristics is required to accurately predict flow
for gases and vapors.
Formula 1-2.0 is based on the same premise that, as the pressure drop increases so will the flow increase. There is
a point where the flow will choke off. Therefore, the value of Y has been limited 0.667. When Y can be
calculated to be less than 0.667 the gas is at "Choked Flow" and equation 1-2.2 must be used to determine the
required CV.
The compressiblility factor (Z) is a correction factor for gases that deviate from the laws of perfect gases and
effect the accuracy of the CV coefficient. Values of Z may be approximated using the compressibility charts in the
reference data section beginning on page 67.
14
CV CALCULATION PROCEDURE
1) Convert flow units to SCFH
2) Calculate the expansion factor.
Y=1
X
(limit 0.667)
3FkXt
Where: X = P/P1 (P1 in psia)
Fk =
k
Specific heat ratio of gas
=
1.4 Specific heat ratio of air
Xt = From sizing charts (start at Xt = 0.5)

3) If Y is greater than 0.667 calculate the C, using formula 1-2.0. Based on the degree of opening from the sizing
charts, recheck Y using the actual Xt, and recalculate the Cv.
4) If Y is less than O.667 calculate the CV using formula 1-2.2. Based on the degree of opening from the sizing
charts, recheck Y using the actual Xt and recalculate the CV.
EXAMPLES FOR GAS SIZING

Example 1
Given information:
Fluid = Air
P1 = 100 psig + 14.7 = 114.7 psia
P = 30psi
T = 90oF + + 460 = 550oR
Q = 50,000 SCFH
G = 1.0
Line size = 2
X
3FkXt
0.26
Y=1 3(1.0)(0.5)
1) Y = 1 -
Y = 0.83
Where:
X = 30/114.7 = 0.26
Fk = 1.4/1.4 = 1.0 (k is found in the reference data section)
Xt = 0.5(starting point)
2) Y is greater than 0.667, therefore, formula 1-2.0 should be used. The value of Z for air is 1.0 found in the
reference data section.
15
CV
QSCFH
Xt
GTZ
50,000 SCFH
1360 P1 (0.667)
=
1360 (114.7) (0.83)
0.26
1.0(550)(1.0)
CV = 17.8
3) The given information showed that the line size was 2". Referring to the sizing chart for the 2" V-port it is
found that the valve would operate at about 67% of full open. The respective Xt, is about 0.53 and therefore the
Cv, would not be affected.
Example 2
Given Information:
Fluid = Ethane
P1 = 150 psig = 14.7 = 164.7 psia
P = 95 psi
T = 100oF + 460 = 560oF
Q = 165,000 SCFH
G = 1.05
k = 1.18 (from reference data section)
Line size = 3
X
(lim 0.667)
3FkXt
0.58
Y = 1
3(0.84)(0.5)
1) Y =
Y 0.54 (choked flow) therefore, Y = 0.667

Where:
X=95/164.7=0.58
Fk = 1.18/1.4 = 0.84
Xt = 0.5
2) The calculated value for Y is less than O.667, therefore use formula 1-2-2. Ethane is not an ideal gas under the
stated pressures and temperatures and Z should be determined using the compressibility charts in the reference
data section.
Critical temperature and critical pressure, T, and P, respectively, were looked up for Ethane in the physical
constants section of reference data.
PC = 708 psia
TC = 550oR
Examining the first Z Graph, P, and T, must be calculated.
Pr =
P1 164.7
=
= 0.23
PC
708
16
Tr =
T 1 560
=
= 1.02
TC 550
Referring to the graph and enter the values above for Tr and Pr, a value for Z may be found. In this case it turns
out to be 0.92.
3) We now have all of the unknown values and may calculate the CV.
QSCFH
CV =
1360P1(0.667)
Xt
GTZ
165,000 SCFH
CV =
1360 (164.7)(0.667)
0.5
1.05(560)(0.92)
CV = 36.8
4) It was given that the line size is 3" and referring to the 3" V-port sizing table on page 29, it is found that the
valve will operate about 60-62% open. The corresponding Xt is about 0.64. Therefore, rechecking Y and CV, Y
is less than 0.667 or at choked flow.
165,000 SCFH
CV =
1360 (164.7)(0.667)
0.64
1.05(560)(0.92)
CV = 32.5
The proper selection is a 3" EG411 with a maximum available CV of 121.
STEAM SIZING
The effects of steam are similar to the previous discussion on gas sizing inasmuch as it also is a compressible
fluid. The flow rate (W), however, is expressed as pounds per hour (lbs/hr) and care should be taken to convert
your required flow to these units. Also see Steam Recommendations, page 62.
The following formulae should be used to calculate the required CV for Durco valves.
1 3.0 CV =
W lbs./hr.
63.3 Y XP1 W1
1 3.1 Y = 1 1 3 .2 C V =
X
(lim 0.667)
3FkXt
W lbs./hr.
63.3 (0.667) XtP1 W1
17
Where: Y, X CV are dimensionless

W = Flow rate in lbs./hr.
P1 = Inlet pressure in psia
Y = Expansion coefficient
X = Pressure drop ratio, P/P1
w1 = Specific weight, lbs./ft.3
Fk = Specific heat ratio factor
Xt = Terminal pressure drop ratio
DETERMINING CV FOR STEAM
1) Convert flow to lbs./hr.
2) Calculate the expansion factor.
Y =1-
X
(lim 0.667)
3FkXt
Where: X = P/P1
Fk = k/1.4 (k from steam chart in reference data section)
Xt = from sizing charts beginning on page 29 (start at Xt = 0.5)
2) If Y is greater than 0.667 calculate the CV using formula 1-3.0. Based on the degree of opening from the
sizing charts beginning on page 29, recheck Y using actual X, and recalculate the CV.
4) If Y is less than 0.667, calculate the CV using formula 1-3.2. Based on the degree of opening, recheck Y using
the actual Xt and recalculate the CV.
EXAMPLES FOR STEAM SIZING
Example1
Given information:
Fluid = Dry saturated steam
P1 = 90 psig + 14.7 = 104.7 psia
P = 20 psi
T = 331oF
W = 10,000 lbs./hr.
k = 1.31
(from Table 5.1 under Reference Data)
w1 = 0.236
X
3FkXt
0.191
Y =13 (0.936) (0.5)
Y = 0.86
1) Y = 1 -
Where:
X = 20/104.7 = 0.191
Fk = k/1.4 = 1.3/1.4 = 0.936
Xt = 0.5 (starting point)
18
2) Y is greater than 0.667, therefore, use formula
CV =
1-3.0
Wlbs / hr
63.3 Y XP1w1
10,000lbs/hr
= 84.7
63.6 (0.86) 0.19 (104.7) (0.236)
3) Assuming a 2" line and referring to the 2" standard Sleeveline sizing chart on page 29, it is found that the valve
would operate at about 72% open. The corresponding Xt, is 0.5 indicating that the CV is correct.
Example 2
Given information:
Fluid = Superheated Steam
P1 = 60 + 14.7 = 74.7 psia
P = 50 psi
T = 350oF
W = 12,000 lbs/hr
k = 1.31
w1 = 0.16
Line size = 4"
X
(lim 0.667)
3FkXt
0.669
Y =13(0.936) (0.5)
1) Y = 1 -
Y 0.524 (choked flow) therefore, Y = 0.667

Where:
X = 50/74.7 = 0.669
Fk = 1.31/1.4 = 0.936
Xt = 0.5 (starting point)
2) Y is less than 0.667, therefore, use formula 1-3.2.
CV =
Wlbs / hr
63.6 (0.667) Xt P1 w1
12,000lbs/hr
63.6 (0.667) 0.5 (74.7) (0.16)
CV = 116
3) It was given that the line size was 4" and referring to the 3" Standard Sleeveline sizing chart on page 29, it is
found that the valve would operate at about 65% open. The corresponding Xt, is about 0.58 and rechecking Y
and CV.
19
Y is less than 0.667 (choked flow)
12,000lbs/hr
63.6 (0.667) 0.5 (74.7) (0.16)
= 108
The proper selection is a 3" G411 in a 4" line with a maximum available CV of 277.
FREQUENTLY USED FORMULA CONVERSIONS
Q
P = S.G.
LIQUID
CV
P = P1 - P1 2
GAS
LIQUID
Q S.G.T
-
963 C
w (1 + .0007 s)
-
2.12 C
P = P1 - P1 2
STEAM
Q=GPM
Q=SCFH
W = lbs. per hour
20
Section Two
HYDRODYNAMIC NOISE
In reducing hydrodynamic noise, it is necessary to go to the source (the valve). In order to lower the sound
pressure level, cavitation must be reduced. Cavitation is the result of a liquid being forced through an orifice,
creating a pressure drop which falls below the vapor pressure of the incoming fluid. The point of lowest pressure
is known as the Vena Contracta (see Figure 1). If the Vena Contracta is below the vapor pressure (the pressure at
which a liquid will boil at ambient 62F temperature), flashing will occur causing the formation of vapor bubbles.
As the pressure recovers the atmosphere inside, the bubble is at a lower pressure than the external liquid
surrounding the bubble. This causes the vapor bubble to collapse. Usually. along the side, in an elbow or nearest
fitting in the pipe, depending on the conditions and type of valve. As the bubble collapses, it usually will remove
some material, leaving a small cavity.
To reduce hydrodynamic noise, flashing/cavitation must be reduced. To reduce noise levels in a fluidic
process, it has to be determined whether or not cavitation exists. This is accomplished by the following
calculations:
Ui - Valve inlet velocity which will create incipient cavitation.
Uc - Valve inlet velocity which will create critical cavitation.
d - Valve inlet diameter, use inside pipe diameter of equivalent schedule 40 pipe. (See tableA)
Cd - Required Cv/d2
P1 - Inlet Pressure in psia
Pv - Vapor pressure in psia
Ui = Jo x Ji x Jn x Jd
Uc =Jo x Jc x Jn x Jd
22
6 x (S.G. x Ui) 2
Pressure drop at which cavitation starts.
2
Cd
Delta P Incipient =
6 x (S.G. x Uc) 2
Pressure drop at which heavy damage will occur.
Cd 2
Delta P Critical =
TABLE A
COMMERCIAL WROUGHT STEEL PIPE DATA
SCHEDULE 40
INCH
NOMINAL
SIZE
1
1.5
2
3
4
6
8
10
12(STD)
OUSIDE
DIAMETER
WALL
THICKNESS
INSIDE
DIAMETER
WEIGHT
#/FT.
1.315
1.900
2.375
3.500
4.500
6.625
8.625
10.750
12.750
.133
.145
.154
.216
.237
.280
.322
.365
.375
1.049
1.610
2.067
3.068
4.026
6.065
7.981
10.020
12.000
1.68
2.72
3.65
7.58
10.79
18.97
28.66
40.48
49.56
BASIC CALCULATIONS FOR J

Jd = 1 +
log x (12/d)
10(.329 - .615 x log Jk)
.5
890 + 1
Jk =
2
cd
P1 - Pv
.39
Jn =
71.5
Jo = 1.06 for d < 12

1.00 for d = 12
0.94 for d > 12
Ji = 60.4 x Jk for Jk < 0.1 ; or

36.2 x Jk+2.42 for Jk > 0.1
Jc = 71.0 x Jk for Jk < 0.1 ; or
43.0 x Jk + 2.80 for Jk > 0.1
Depending on the process, piping, and valve, if the differential pressure indicates incipient cavitation or greater,
steps may be taken to reduce cavitation, noise, and permanent damage to the process equipment.
23
Figure 4
PRESSURE RECOVERY
COMPARE
24
25
Section Three
Contents
Table
Page
SLEEVED PLUG VALVE -- G4, G4B Marathon, TSG4, TSG4Z (standard port only)
SLEEVED PLUG VALVE -- G4, G4B Marathon (use for standard and V-port plugs)
Triple sealed SLEEVED PLUG VALVE --TSG4, TSG4Z (use for standard, V-port and soundtrim plugs)
SLEEVED PLUG VALVES (V-port only) -- G4, G4B Marathon, TSG4, TSG4Z
MG4Sleevline Plug Valves -- Multi-Port Plug
Port-Seal/Sleeved Mach 1 Valve V-Port
Port-Seal/Sleeved Mach 1 Valve Standard Port
Port-Seal/Sleeved Mach 1 Valve
Fluorocarbon LINED PLUG VALVES (standard port only) -- T4
Fluorocarbon LINED PLUG VALVES -- T4, ET41 & T43 (use for standard port and V-port plugs)
Fluorocarbon LINED PLUG VALVES (V-port only) -- T4
BX2001 -- Big Max Butterfly Valves -- ANSI Class 150# Series STANDARD PFA/VITON SEAT ONLY
FIRESEALED, STANDARD PFA/INCONEL & UHMWPE SEATS ONLY
BX2001-- Big Max Butterfly Valves -- ANSI Class 150# Series -- Triflex Metal Seat (70F)
BX2001 -- Big Max Butterfly Valves -- ANSI Class 150# Series -- Triflex Metal Seat (800F)
BX2001 -- Big Max Butterfly Valves -- ANSI Class 150# Series -- Triflex Metal Seat (1000F)
BTV VALVE -- Flurocarbon Lined Butterfly Valves -- ANSI Class 150# Series
BTV VALVE -- Flurocarbon Lined Butterfly Valves -- ANSI Class 150# Series
BUV VALVE -- UHMWPE Lined Butterfly Valves -- ANSI Class 150# Series
ATOMAC AKH3 VALVE -- Standard Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined
ATOMAC AKH3E VALVE -- V- Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined
ATOMAC CAKH3V VALVE C-Ball Standard Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined
ATOMAC AKH3 VALVE -- Standard Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Clean / Clear Service
ATOMAC AKH3 VALVE -- Standard Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Slurry Service
ATOMAC CAKH3V VALVE C-Ball Standard Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined
ATOMAC AKH2 VALVE -- Standard Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined
ATOMAC AKH2 VALVE -- Full Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Clean / Clear Service
ATOMAC AKH2 VALVE -- Full Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Slurry Service
ATOMAC AKH5 VALVE -- Standard Port Ball Valve -- Ceramic Lined
ATOMAC AKH5 VALVE -- Standard Port Ball Valve -- Ceramic Lined (Liner & Ball)
ATOMAC AKH5 VALVE -- Standard Port Ball Valve -- Ceramic Lined (Liner & Ball) -- Slurry Service
ATOMAC AKH2A VALVE -- Full Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined
ATOMAC AKH2A VALVE -- Full Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Clean / Clear Service
ATOMAC AKH2A VALVE -- Full Port Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Slurry Service
ATOMAC AKH6 VALVE -- Tank Drain Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined
ATOMAC AKH6 VALVE -- Tank Drain Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Clean / Clear Service
ATOMAC AKH6 VALVE -- Tank Drain Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Slurry Service
ATOMAC AMP3 VALVE -- 3-Way Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined
ATOMAC AMP3 VALVE -- 3-Way Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Clean / Clear Service
ATOMAC AMP3 VALVE -- 3-Way Ball Valve -- FEP & PFA Lined -- Slurry Service
MICROFINISH BR2 VALVE -- Regular Port Flanged Ball Valve
MICROFINISH VALVE -- 150# Flanged, Reduced Bore Ball Valve
MICROFINISH BF2 VALVE -- Full Port Flanged Ball Valve
MICROFINISH VALVE -- Flanged, Full Bore Ball Valve
MICROFINISH BR38 VALVE -- Regular Port 800# Ball Valve
MICROFINISH BR38 VALVE -- 800# Threaded Ball Valve
MICROFINISH BR38 VALVE -- Full Port 800# Ball Valve
MICROFINISH BF2K VALVE -- Full Port WOG Ball Valve
MICROFINISH BF2K VALVE -- Full Port WOG Ball Valve -- Screwed End & Socket Weld
MICROFINISH BF3K VALVE -- Full Port WOG Ball Valve
MICROFINISH BF3K VALVE -- Full Port WOG Ball Valve -- Screwed End & Socket Weld
27
Cv
Sizing Torque
Sizing Torque
Cv
Cv
Cv
Cv
Sizing Torque
Cv
Sizing Torque
Cv
Cv
Sizing Torque
Sizing Torque
28
29
29
30
31
32
32
32
33
34
35
36
37
37
Sizing Torque
Sizing Torque
Sizing Torque
Cv
Sizing Torque
Sizing Torque
Cv
Cv
Cv
Sizing Torque
Sizing Torque
Sizing Torque
Cv
Sizing Torque
Sizing Torque
Cv
Sizing Torque
38
38
38
39
40
40
41
41
41
42
42
42
43
44
44
45
45
Sizing Torque
Cv
Sizing Torque
Sizing Torque
Cv
Sizing Torque
Sizing Torque
Cv
Sizing Torque
Sizing Torque
Cv
Sizing Torque
Cv
Sizing Torque
Cv
Sizing Torque
Cv
Cv
Sizing Torque
Cv
Sizing Torque
45
46
46
46
47
47
47
48
48
48
49
49
50
50
51
51
51
52
52
53
53
Sleeved Plug Valves (standard port only)

G4, G4B Marathon, TSG4, TSG4Z
Cv
Valve
Size
.5
.75
1
1.5
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
FL2
Xt
Pipe
Size
.5
.75
2
1.5
1
3
2
1.5
4
3
2
6
4
3
8
6
4
10
8
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
10
NA
NA
.4
.5
.61
.7
.9
1.1
1.3
1.6
1.9
3
4
4
5
6
7
10
11
12
24
30
43
44
89
89
0.94
0.16
20
N/A
N/A
1.48
1.85
2.28
2.8
3.5
3.9
4.8
5.9
7.2
10
13
16
17
20
26
37
39
45
88
112
161
163
332
332
0.94
0.64
30
NA
NA
3.19
3.99
4.91
6.1
7.6
8.5
10.3
12.9
15.6
22
28
33
37
44
57
80
85
98
190
241
348
351
715
715
0.92
0.64
% Of Rotation 0 90 Degrees
40
50
60
70
NA
N/A
NA
N/A
N/A
NA
N/A
NA
5.50
8.39
11.9
15.9
6.88
10.5
14.8
19.9
8.46
12.9
18.2
24.4
10.4
16
22
30
13.1
20
28
38
14.7
22
32
42
17.8
27
38
51
22.2
34
48
66
27.0
41
58
78
38
58
82
110
49
74
105
141
57
87
122
164
64
97
137
184
76
116
165
220
98
149
211
282
138
211
298
398
146
224
316
423
168
257
363
486
477
500
707
946
606
635
897
1202
872
915
1292
1730
880
923
1304
1746
1795
1884
2661
3562
1795
1884
2661
3562
0.88
0.82
0.79
0.75
0.72
0.79
0.61
0.51
80
NA
N/A
20.4
25.6
31.5
39
49
55
66
87
100
142
182
211
237
284
364
513
544
626
1219
1548
2229
2248
4588
4588
0.67
0.37
90
N/A
NA
25.6
32.0
39.3
49
61
68
84
107
125
177
227
264
296
355
455
641
681
782
1522
1933
2784
2809
5732
5732
0.57
0.24
100
7.4
19.6
31.2
39.0
48.0
59
74
83
101
126
153
216
277
322
361
433
555
783
831
955
1859
2361
3400*
3430*
7000*
7000*
0.50
0.61
* Estimated Values
USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH CONCENTRIC REDUCERS
Use appropriate torque tables on next page for:
G4 and G4B Marathon Plug Valve
TSG4 TSG4Z Plug Valve
28
Sleeved Plug Valve

G4, G4B Marathon
(use for standard and V-port plugs)
SIZING TORQUES (Inch-lbs.)
VALVE
SIZE
PTFE
UHMWPE
DURALON II
C/C
SLY
ALKY
C/C
SLY
C/C
SLY
<1
300
405
450
380
475
300
405
1
335
452
565
660
720
450
608
1.5
497
671
838
680
740
540
729
2
675
911
1138
1200
1620
750
1013
2.5
1180
1458
1822
1800
2430
1300
1755
3
1180
1458
1822
1800
2430
1300
1755
4&5
2400
3240
4050
3750
5063
2500
3375
6
6000
8100
10125
9900
12500
7500
10165
8*
9300
12555 15693
15000 17500
11200
15300
8**
6960
9396
N/A
CF
CF
8352
11300
10*
29400
39690 49612
40000 42500
35200
42000
10**
22020
29300
N/A
CF
CF
26222
32000
12*F
39900
42000 50000
40000 42500
40000
42000
12**
29926
40403
N/A
CF
CF
30000
35000
14
39900
42000 50000
40000 42500
42000
44000
16
60000
N/A
65000
N/A
N/A
70000
75000
18
60000
N/A
65000
N/A
N/A
70000
75000
*150# DCI & 300# Alloy Body
**150# Alloy Body G4N Style
Note: For dry services, use slurry torque requirements
CF= Consult Factory
C/C= Clean Clear
SLY= Slurry
For CZ100 (DNI) Nickel Plugs Consult Factory. Consult factory for other sleeve materials.
Triple Sealed Sleeved Plug Valve

TSG4, TSG4Z
(use for standard and V-port plugs)
VALVE
SIZE
<1
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
4&5
6
8*
8**
10*
10**
12*F
12**
14
16
18
TSG4 PTFE
C/C
345
518
621
1035
1380
1380
2760
7256
15000
N/A
40000
N/A
40000
N/A
40000
N/A
N/A
SLY
450
699
740
1397
1863
1863
3726
9798
17000
N/A
42000
N/A
42000
N/A
42000
N/A
N/A
ALKY
475
838
940
1676
2235
2235
4471
11757
21000
N/A
50000
N/A
50000
N/A
50000
N/A
N/A
29
TSG4Z - PTFE
C/C
414
621
710
1207
2070
2070
3969
10350
15500
N/A
42000
N/A
42000
N/A
42000
N/A
N/A
SLY
500
740
765
1630
2600
2600
5356
12500
17500
N/A
44000
N/A
44000
N/A
44000
N/A
N/A
ALKY
570
900
940
1956
3150
3150
6427
14500
22000
N/A
52000
N/A
52000
N/A
52000
N/A
N/A
Sleeved Plug Valves (V-port only)

G4, G4B Marathon, TSG4, TSG4Z
Cv
Valve
Size
1
1
1
1
1.5
6
FL2
Xt
Pipe
Size
1
1
1
2
1.5
1
3
2
1.5
4
3
2
6
4
3
8
6
4
10
8
6
10
0.03
0.05
0.10
0.31
0.35
0.38
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.7
1.4
1.5
1.5
2.3
2.3
2.4
4.9
4.9
5.1
0.96
0.23
20
0.14
0.18
0.38
1.15
1.29
1.42
1.4
1.4
1.5
2.4
2.5
2.5
5.3
5.6
5.7
8.4
8.7
9.01
18.2
18.4
19.0
0.96
0.39
40
50
60
70
0.53
0.81
1.14
1.52
0.71
1.08
1.52
2.05
1.41
2.15
3.04
4.07
4.27
6.51
9.20
12.3
4.80
7.32
10.3
13.8
5.27
8.04
11.4
15.2
5.2
8
11
15
5.4
8
12
16
5.5
8
12
16
8.8
13
19
25
9.2
14
20
27
9.5
14
20
27
19.8
30
43
57
20.8
32
45
60
21.3
33
46
62
31.2
48
67
90
32.4
49
70
94
33.5
51
72
97
67.7
103
146
195
68.4
104
147
197
70.5
107
152
204
0.94
0.93
0.86
0.73
0.75
0.73
0.64
0.49
30
0.31
0.42
0.82
2.47
2.78
3.06
3.0
3.1
3.2
5.1
5.3
5.5
11.4
12.1
12.4
18.1
18.8
19.4
39.3
39.7
40.9
0.95
0.64
80
1.96
2.62
5.24
15.7
17.8
19.6
19
20
20
33
34
35
73
77
79
116
121
124
252
254
262
0.64
0.33
90
2.46
3.28
6.55
19.8
22.3
24.5
24
25
26
41
43
44
92
97
99
145
151
156
315
318
328
0.56
0.28
USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH CONCENTRIC REDUCER
Use appropriate torque tables on PREVIOUS page for:

G4 and G4B Marathon Plug Valve
TSG4 TSG4Z Plug Valve
30
100
3.00
4.00
8.00
24.2
27.2
29.9
29
31
31
50
52
54
112
118
121
177
184
190
384
388
400
0.45
0.28
MG4
Sleeveline Plug Valves
Multi-Port Plug
Cv
#1
Valve
A<->C
Size
B<->C
.5
5.4
.75
15.8
1
23.5
1.5
30.8
2
61.6
3
109
4
169
6
365*
8
525*
10
770*
12
872*
FL2
0.43
Xt
0.28
*Estimated Value
B<->C
5.4
15.8
23.5
30.8
61.6
109
169
365*
525*
770*
NA
0.43
0.28
#3
#5
C<->A&B A<->B B<->C
MAX
7.4
2.4
2.4
19.6
7.0
7.0
48.8
15.9
18.0
83.5
22.9
21.6
153
45.9
35.6
322
78
64
555
152
130
955*
272*
250*
1410*
500*
370*
2130*
720*
670*
NA
815*
758*
NA
0.47
0.47
NA
0.30
0.30
#7
#8
A<->C C<->A&B A<->C A<->B
B<->C
MAX
B<->C
5.4
7.4
2.4
2.4
15.8
19.6
7.0
7.0
23.5
48.8
18.0
15.9
30.8
83.5
21.6
22.9
61.6
153
35.6
45.9
108
322
64
78
169
555
130
152
365*
955*
250*
272
525*
1410*
370*
500*
770*
2130*
670*
720*
NA
NA
758*
815*
0.43
NA
0.47
0.47
0.28
NA
0.30
0.30
Characteristic Curve for MG Valve with Transflow Plug

For Typical Arrangement Numbers See Bulletin V-24
31
#13
A<->C
B<->C
5.4
19.4
22.7
33.9
56.1
94
171
333*
525*
770*
872*
0.43
0.28
Mach 1
Mach 1 Sizing torque.

(Port-seal)
Size
(Sleeve)
C-C
Slurry
ALKY
C-C
Slurry
260
351
439
310
419
523
1.5
370
500
624
430
581
726
550
743
928
600
810
1013
860
1161
1451
1020
1377
1721
2000
2700
3375
2200
2970
3713
4320
5832
7290
5200
7020
8775
Sleeved Plug Valves

(Standard and V-Port)
ALKY
Flow Coefficient (Cv) for Mach 1, V-Port valves, Port-Seal or Sleeved

Percent of rotation 0-90 degrees
Valve Size Pipe Size
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.50
2.00
0.16
0.15
0.13
0.61
0.56
0.50
1.33
1.21
1.08
2.29
2.08
1.85
3.55
3.23
2.87
4.94
4.50
4.00
6.66
6.06
5.39
8.49
7.72
6.87
10.64
9.68
8.61
13.00
11.83
10.52
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.50
2.00
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.33
0.30
0.27
0.72
0.65
0.58
1.23
1.12
1.00
1.91
1.74
1.55
2.66
2.42
2.15
3.59
3.26
2.90
4.57
4.16
3.70
5.73
5.21
4.64
7.00
6.37
5.67
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.50
2.00
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.19
0.17
0.15
0.41
0.37
0.33
0.70
0.64
0.57
1.09
0.99
0.88
1.52
1.38
1.23
2.05
1.86
1.66
2.61
2.38
2.11
3.27
2.98
2.65
4.00
3.64
3.24
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
2.00
3.00
0.38
0.37
0.36
1.46
1.41
1.37
3.18
3.07
2.97
5.46
5.28
5.10
8.45
8.18
7.91
11.79
11.40
11.02
15.88
15.37
14.86
20.24
19.59
18.93
25.36
24.55
23.73
31.00
30.00
29.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
0.57
0.55
0.53
2.17
2.09
2.01
4.71
4.54
4.36
8.10
7.80
7.50
12.55
12.08
11.62
17.49
16.84
16.19
23.57
22.70
21.82
30.03
28.92
27.81
37.64
36.24
34.85
46.00
44.30
42.59
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
4.00
6.00
1.14
1.11
1.06
4.33
4.23
4.01
9.43
9.19
8.73
16.20
15.79
14.99
25.09
24.47
23.22
34.98
34.11
32.37
47.14
45.97
43.63
60.07
58.58
55.60
75.27
73.41
69.67
92.00
89.72
85.16
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
2.08
2.02
1.94
7.91
7.66
7.37
17.22
16.67
16.04
29.57
28.64
27.55
45.82
44.37
42.68
63.87
61.85
59.50
86.08
83.36
80.19
109.69
106.22
102.18
137.45
133.11
128.05
168.00
162.69
156.51
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
3.87
3.75
3.71
14.70
14.26
14.11
31.97
31.01
30.69
54.92
53.27
52.73
85.09
82.54
81.69
118.61
115.05
113.87
159.87
155.07
153.47
203.70
197.59
195.55
255.27
247.61
245.06
312.00
302.64
299.52
1.5
5.7
12.4
21.3
33
Flow Coefficient (Cv) for Mach 1, Standard
46
62
79
99
Port valves, Port-Seal or Sleeved
121
Percent of rotation 0-90 degrees

Valve Size Pipe Size
50
60
70
80
90
100
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.50
2.00
0.52
0.47
0.42
1.93
1.76
1.56
4.21
3.83
3.41
7.21
6.56
5.84
11.03
10.04
8.93
15.58
14.18
12.61
20.86
18.98
16.89
26.88
24.45
21.75
33.57
30.54
27.17
41.00
37.30
33.18
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
2.00
3.00
1.00
0.97
0.94
3.82
3.69
3.57
8.30
8.03
7.77
14.26
13.80
13.34
22.09
21.38
20.67
30.79
29.80
28.81
41.50
40.17
38.83
52.88
51.18
49.47
66.27
64.13
62.00
81.00
78.39
75.77
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
2.00
1.92
1.85
7.58
7.30
7.02
16.50
15.89
15.28
28.34
27.29
26.24
43.91
42.28
40.66
61.21
58.94
56.67
82.50
79.44
76.39
105.12
101.22
97.33
131.73
126.85
121.97
161.00
155.04
149.07
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
4.00
6.00
3.31
3.23
3.06
12.58
12.27
11.64
27.36
26.68
25.33
47.00
45.84
43.50
72.82
71.01
67.40
101.50
98.99
93.95
136.81
133.42
126.63
174.32
170.00
161.36
218.45
213.04
202.21
267.00
260.38
247.14
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
6.79
6.58
6.33
25.81
25.00
24.05
56.16
54.39
52.32
96.47
93.42
89.87
149.45
144.73
139.23
208.33
201.75
194.08
280.79
271.93
261.58
357.79
346.49
333.31
448.36
434.20
417.69
548.00
530.69
510.51
6.00 12.41
8.00 12.04
10.00 11.91
47.15
45.74
45.27
102.58
99.50
98.48
176.21
170.92
169.16
273.00
264.81
262.08
380.55
369.13
365.32
512.91
497.52
492.39
653.55
633.94
627.40
819.00
794.43
786.24
1001.00
970.97
960.96
45
98
168
257
363
486
626
782
955
6.00
6.00
6.00
10
20
30
40
12
Reduced capacities are calculated for installation with concentric reducers.
32
Fluorocarbon Lined Plug Valves (standard port only)

T4
Cv
Valve
Size
.5
.75
1
1.5
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
FL2
Xt
Pipe
Size
.5
.75
2
1.5
1
3
2
1.5
4
3
2
6
4
3
8
6
4
10
8
6
12
10
8
10
12
10
NA
NA
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.7
2.5
2.6
3.7
4.4
7.1
7.7
10.4
10.0
10.2
14.1
15.3
16.4
18.2
27.6
41.0
0.94
0.16
20
NA
NA
1.2
1.4
1.6
3.3
4.1
4.5
5.3
6.3
9.4
9.8
13.8
16.3
26.3
28.7
38.6
37.0
37.8
52.4
56.9
60.9
67.6
102
152
0.94
0.64
30
NA
NA
2.5
3.0
3.5
7.1
8.8
9.8
11.5
13.6
20.3
21.2
29.7
35
56.8
61.9
83.1
79.8
81.5
113
122
131
146
221
328
0.92
0.64
40
50
60
70
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.3
6.6
9.3
12.4
5.2
7.9
11.2
15.0
6.0
9.1
12.9
17.3
12.3
18.7
26.4
35.4
15.1
23.1
32.6
43.6
16.8
25.7
36.3
48.6
19.9
30
43
57
23.4
36
50
68
35.1
53
76
101
36.6
56
79
106
51.3
78
110
148
60.4
92
130
174
97.9
150
211
283
107
163
230
308
143
219
309
414
138
210
297
397
140
214
303
406
195
297
420
562
212
323
456
610
226
345
488
653
251
383
541
725
380
580
820
1098
564
860
1215
1628
0.88
0.82
0.79
0.75
0.72
0.79
0.61
0.51
80
NA
NA
16.0
19.3
22.2
45.6
56.2
62.5
74
87
130
136
190
225
364
397
533
511
522
724
786
841
934
1415
2097
0.67
0.37
90
NA
NA
20.0
24.1
27.8
57.0
70.2
78.2
92
109
1639
170
238
281
455
496
666
639
653
905
983
1052
1167
1768
2621
0.57
0.24
100
8.00
16.0
24.4
29.4
33.9
69.6
85.8
95.4
113
133
199
208
291
343
556
606
813
780
797
1105
1200
1284
1425
2159
3200
0.50
0.16
USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH CONCENTRIC REDUCERS

See torque table on next page.
33
Fluorocarbon Lined Plug Valves

T4, ET41 & T43
(use for standard port and V-port plugs)
T-LINE
VALVE
SIZE
C/C
SLY
<1
300
405
398
535
1.5
504
680
720
972
2.5
1060
1458
1060
1458
2100
2835
5700
7695
10000
13500
10
70000
C/F
12
80000
C/F
Note: For dry services, use slurry torque requirements

C/C= Clean Clear
SLY= Slurry
CF= Consult Factory
34
Fluorocarbon Lined Plug Valves (V-port only)

ET4
Cv
Valve
Size
1
1
1
1
1.5
2
3
FL2
Xt
Pipe
Size
1
1
1
2
1.5
1
3
2
1.5
4
3
2
6
4
3
10
0.01
0.04
0.11
0.24
0.28
0.30
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.96
0.23
20
0.04
0.13
0.35
0.91
1.02
1.11
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.9
3.1
3.1
0.96
0.39
30
0.11
0.32
0.85
1.96
2.21
2.38
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.5
6.3
6.6
6.8
0.95
0.64
40
50
60
70
0.18
0.26
0.38
0.51
0.53
0.79
1.14
1.54
1.42
2.12
3.04
4.10
3.38
5.17
7.30
9.77
3.81
5.81
8.21
11
4.11
6.27
8.86
11.9
6.5
9.9
14.1
18.8
7.0
10.7
15.1
20.2
7.0
10.7
15.1
20.2
7.1
10.8
15.2
20.4
7.4
11.4
16.0
21.5
7.7
11.8
16.7
22.3
10.8
16
23
31
11.4
17
25
33
11.7
18
25
34
0.94
0.93
0.86
0.73
0.75
0.73
0.64
0.49
80
0.65
1.96
5.24
12.6
14.2
15.3
24.2
26.0
26.0
26.3
27.7
28.7
40
42
43
0.64
0.33
90
0.82
2.47
6.58
15.7
17.7
19.1
30.3
32.5
32.5
32.8
34.6
35.9
50
60
54
0.56
0.28
100
1
3
8
19.2
21.6
23.3
37.0
39.6
39.6
40.1
42.2
43.8
61
65
66
0.45
0.28
USE IN CONJUNCTION WITH CONCENTRIC REDUCERS

See torque table on previous page.
35
BX2001 Valve
Big Max Butterfly Valves
ANSI Class 150# Series
Cv
Valve
Size
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
FL2
Xt
14
16
18
20
24
30
36
FL2
Xt
10
2
3
7
20
54
99
180
0.74
0.46
231
305
345
420
615
930
1340
0.60
0.42
20
9
15
37
100
158
277
386
0.72
0.41
544
704
805
1120
1640
2480
3570
0.60
0.42
30
19
33
75
195
269
437
635
0.70
0.39
884
1144
1380
1820
2665
4030
5800
0.57
0.42
% Of Rotation
40
50
38
49
63
87
120
160
275
350
396
560
650
950
1011
1477
0.67
0.64
0.37
0.34
1428
2108
1848
2728
2300
3450
2940
4340
4305
6355
6510
9610
9370
13840
0.56
0.54
0.42
0.39
0-90 Degees
60
70
59
62
102
110
185
225
415
505
747
948
1351
1808
2070
2710
0.63
0.60
0.29
0.27
3060
4080
3960
5280
5175
6900
6300
8400
9225
12300
13950 18600
20090 26780
0.53
0.49
0.38
0.34
80
65
115
260
615
1153
2182
3582
0.57
0.24
5100
6600
8625
10500
15375
23250
33480
0.43
0.25
90
68
120
295
782
1409
2686
4534
0.55
0.23
6120
7920
10350
12600
18450
27900
40180
0.35
0.20
100
68
120
305
900
1516
3503
4859
0.54
0.21
6800
8800
11500
14000
20500
31000
44640
0.25
0.16
See torque tables on pages 37 and 38.
36
BX2001 Valve
BIG MAX Butterfly Valves
ANSI Class 150# Series and 300# Series
BX2001 Valve Sizing Torque (inch pounds)
Torques Are Based On Closing Upstream - max flow 10 ft/sec
for flows greater than 10 ft/sec use max delta P on chart.
BX2001
Size
2
3
4
5* & 6
8
10
12
Standard PFA/Viton Seat Only

50
150
210
315
720
900
1800
2200
100
190
250
475
840
950
2,650
3,200
150
210
345
545
1,020
1,350
2,900
3,850
200
230
410
624
1,200
1,600
3,300
4,620
Shut Off Pressure

250
285
300
250
262
270
465
525
545
684
744
749
1,284
1,440
1,491
1,900
2,000
2,080
3,960
4,560
4,659
5,280
5,950
6,130
400
315
660
780
1,780
2,535
5,220
7,150
500
360
780
860
2,040
3,225
5,940
8,000
600
700
740
410
450
480
850
960
980
1,032 1,260 1,320
2,260 2,480 2,560
3,825 4,375 4,550
6,470 7,460 7,850
8,975 10,150 11,000
2" - 12"
(1) 2" -12" Triple Seal-use standard seat values times 1.5.
(2) For BX series valves (standard seat), use Firesealed BX2001
NOTES: values.
Size
14
16
18
20
24
30
36
25
5,400
6,300
7,452
8,640
11,880
18,900
26,037
50
6,200
7,100
8,400
9,840
13,200
21,600
30,240
75
6,700
7,200
8,520
10,320
13,200
21,840
31,140
100
6,820
7,200
9,120
10,800
13,440
22,800
32,040
125
7,000
7,320
9,600
11,400
14,280
24,000
33,595
Shut Off Pressure

150
200
285
300
400
500
7,200
7,500
9,000 9,288 10,920 12,546
7,800
8,640 11,040 11,364 13,200 14,286
10,200 11,880 15,000 15,225 16,500 17,858
12,000 14,640 19,800 20,730 26,000 30,300
15,000 16,800 23,760
25,800 27,420 43,440
35,150 41,520 63,745
600
14,172
15,372
19,215
34,600
700
14,988
16,724
20,905
37,200
740
15,396
17,400
21,750
39,100
700
14980
16710
20888
46500
740
15396
17400
21750
48875
* 5" available in 150# only

BX2001
Apex, Firesealed, Std. PFA/Inconel and UHMWPE seats Only
Size
2
3
4
5* & 6
8
10
12
50
200
280
420
960
1195
2395
2926
100
253
335
630
1120
1265
3525
4256
150
279
460
725
1360
1795
3860
5121
200
306
545
830
1595
2130
4390
6145
Shut Off Pressure (psig)

250
285
300
333
359
389
620
700
710
910
990
1005
1710
1915
1947
2530
2660
2726
5265
6065
6197
7022
7914
8153
Size
14
16
18
20
24
30
36
25
6000
7000
8280
9600
13200
21000
28930
50
6200
7100
8400
9840
13200
21600
30240
75
6700
7200
8520
10320
13200
21840
31140
100
6820
7200
9120
10800
13440
22800
32040
125
7000
7320
9600
11400
14280
24000
33595
400
419
760
1080
2125
3100
6943
9510
Shut Off Pressure

150
200
285
7200
7500
9000
7800
8640
11040
10200
11880
15000
12000
14640
19800
15000
16800
23760
25800
27420
43440
35150
41520
63745
* 5" available in 150# only
37
500
479
820
1190
2420
3560
7900
10640
600
545
880
1310
2700
4000
8605
11937
700
599
960
1410
3400
4475
9922
13500
740
638
1000
1470
3750
4800
10441
14630
300
9288
11364
15225
23570
400
10920
13200
16500
32500
500
12546
14251
17858
37875
600
14172
15372
19215
43250
BX2001 Valve
SIZING TORQUES (Inch - lbs.)

ANSI Class 150# and 300# Series
Triflex Metal Seat (70F)
BX2001 Valve Sizing Torque (inch pounds)

Torques Are Based On Closing Upstream - max flow 10 ft/sec
for flows greater than 10 ft/sec use max delta P on chart.
BX2001
BX2001 - Triflex Metal Seat (70 Deg. F)
Size
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
50
308
410
765
1410
2630
4590
7140
100
345
460
855
1570
2930
4995
8060

150
200
250
285
300
400
500
600
700
740
390
435
480
623
684
792
900
963
981
981
520
580
640
830
912 1056 1200 1284 1308 1308
970 1200 1430 1605 1680 1956 2184 2258 2292 2292
1735 1920 2100 2472 2904 3276 3540 3732 3780 3780
3305 3670 4030 5115 5580 6300 6840 7104 7200 7200
5510 6070 6630 8373 9120 10320 11160 11168 12000 12000
9080 10100 11120 13836 15000 16800 18240 18250 19200 19200
Size
14
16
18
20
0
10320
13800
15600
17400
50
11520
15300
17400
19800
100
12840
17040
19560
21840
24
30
150
14340
18900
21600
24000
200
15600
20880
24000
27000
Shut Off Pressure

250
285
300
17160 1800 19260
22800 24000 25210
26280 27600 28980
29400 30600 32600
400
23780
30450
34100
38363

0
338
450
715
1430
2755
5100
8160
16800
22200
25800
44400
20
368
491
782
1558
3000
5465
8731
17100
22656
26256
45300

40
60
80
100
399
430
461
576
532
573
614
768
849
916
983 1236
1686
1814
1942 2436
3245
3490
3735 4680
5834
6200
6586 8160
9302
9873 10444 12960
17400 17700 18000 18370
23100 23556 24000 24490
26700 27156 27600 28160
46200 47100 48000 49280
200
729
972
1560
3036
5820
9840
15840
20320
27060
31160
54530
300
864
1152
1848
3480
6660
11280
17880
22480
29970
34470
60323
BX2001
24
30
740
48720
57860
66510
74824
410
981
1308
2040
3780
7200
12000
19200
25120
33500
38520
67410

76560 78120 79655 81216 82800

1E+05 1E+05 1E+05 1E+05 1E+05
BX2001 Valve
Size
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
700
44740
53620
61630
69334
BX2001 Valve
24
30
600
36240
44400
51040
57420
19560 22260 24540 27000 30300 32930 34660

22020 25020 27600 30360 34140 37110 39060
BX2001
Size
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
500
29350
36770
42260
47543

0
445
495
870
1580
3010
5510
8160
16800
22200
25800
44400
10
623
692
915
1658
3163
5756
8619
17400
23100
26700
46200

20
50
100
200
300
355
741
780
913 1170
1397
1490
823
867 1014 1300
1552
1656
945
1020 1193 1530
1826
1948
1710
1836 2111 2621
3060
3213
3265
3519 4029 4998
5814
6120
5920
6324 7140 8670
9792 10200
8925
9690 11118 13668 13804 15470
18000 20030 23100 30560 43640 55303
24000 26710 30800 33160 48850 63700
27600 30620 35160 49700 70230 87950
48000 52054 59772 84490 1E+05 1E+05
76560 79655 82800

1E+05 1E+05 1E+05
38

BTV Valve
Flurocarbon Lined Butterfly Valves
Cv
Valve
Size
2
3
4
6
8
FL2
Xt
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
FL2
Xt
Pipe
Size
2-3
3-6
4-8
6 - 10
8 - 12
10 - 14
12 - 16
14 - 18
16 - 20
18 - 22
20 - 24
24 - 30
30deg.
3
9
16
42
92
0.74
0.51
152
233
282
372
474
586
655
0.65
0.51
40deg.
50deg.
45deg.=50%Open
8
16
28
55
47
94
122
243
268
535
0.75
0.75
0.53
0.54
443
885
676
1353
820
1639
1080
2160
1379
2757
1703
3406
1926
3852
0.66
0.67
0.53
0.54
Degrees Open
60deg.
70deg.
25
85
146
376
827
0.76
0.53
1368
2091
2533
3338
4261
5263
6642
0.70
0.53
43
148
253
653
1435
0.69
0.48
2373
3628
4395
5792
7393
9132
11452
0.47
0.48
80deg.
69
234
399
1033
2269
0.59
0.44
3754
5739
6953
9163
11695
14446
18177
0.39
0.44
90deg.
100% open
93
316
540
1396
3068
0.51
0.40
5075
7758
9400
12387
15810
19530
24564
0.30
0.40
See torque tables on next page.
39
BTV Valve
Flurocarbon Lined Butterfly Valves
Clean / Clear Service*
VALVE
SIZE
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
SHUT OFF PRESSURE (psi)

O-100
125
360
360
420
420
720
720
1440
1440
1800
1800
3600
3600
4800
4800
6900
7560
9000
9960
10920
11400
12500
12960
20270
21280
150
360
420
720
1440
1800
3600
4800
8160
10920
12000
13440
21800
*For slurry service, multiply torque values above by 1.35.
BUV Valve
UHMWPE Lined Butterfly Valves
Clean / Clear Service*
VALVE
SIZE
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
0 100
648
756
1296
3110
3888
6480
8640
13200
19200
24000
30000
48385
SHUT OFF PRESSURE (psi)

125
648
756
1296
3110
3888
6480
8640
14040
21960
30000
38400
59030
150
648
756
1296
3110
3888
6480
8640
14880
24000
39600
45600
68475
*For slurry service, multiply torque values above by 1.35.
40
Atomac AKH3 Valve

Standard Port Ball Valve
FEP & PFA Lined
Cv
Valve
Size
1
2
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
10
0.3
0.5
1.7
1.9
6.3
8.6
17.7
39.6
30.3
20
0.6
0.9
3.1
3.5
11.5
15.7
32.5
72.6
55.5
30
1.0
1.4
5.2
5.8
18.9
25.7
53.2
118.8
90.9
40
1.7
2.4
8.6
9.7
31.5
42.8
88.7
198.0
151.5
Fl2
0.94
0.94
0.92
0.88
0.82
0.79
Xt
0.16
0.64
0.64
0.72
0.79
0.61
% Of Rotation, 0-90 Degrees

50
60
70
2.9
4.7
7.9
4.0
6.6
11.1
14.3
23.8
39.8
16.1
26.7
44.7
52
87
146
71
118
198
148
245
411
330
548
918
252
419
702
80
12.2
17.0
61.0
68.6
223
304
630
1406
1075
90
22.0
30.7
110.2
123.9
404
549
1139
2542
1944
100
36.7
51.3
184.1
207.0
675
917
1902
4245
3246
0.75
0.67
0.57
0.5
0.51
0.37
0.24
0.16
Atomac AKH3V Valve

V- Port Ball Valve
FEP & PFA Lined
Cv
Valve
Size
1
1
1.5
2
3
FL2
Xt
10
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.96
0.23
20
0
0
0
0.3
0.7
0.96
0.39
30
0
0
0
1.7
3.0
0.95
0.64
% Of Rotation
40
50
0.4
1.0
0.6
1.5
0.6
1.8
4.2
7.1
6.5
11.6
0.94
0.93
0.75
0.73
0-90 Degees
60
70
2.0
2.9
3.0
4.9
3.7
6.0
11.6
18.3
18.6
28.2
0.86
0.73
0.64
0.49
80
3.9
7.2
8.6
27.1
41.0
0.64
0.33
90
5.0
10.5
12.5
37.7
56.9
0.56
0.28
100
5.7
13.9
14.8
40.6
64.7
0.45
0.28
See torque tables next page.
Atomac CAKH3V Valve

C-Ball Standard Port Ball Valve
FEP & PFA Lined
Cv
Valve
Size
1
1.5
2
3
4
FL2
Xt
10
0.29
0
0.1
2.7
0
0.96
0.23
20
0.47
0
2.5
4.5
7.3
0.96
0.39
30
0.79
0.87
6
7.5
25.3
0.95
0.64
% Of Rotation
40
50
1.4
2.4
3.5
8.75
11
17
12.5
20.8
60.6
107.6
0.94
0.93
0.75
0.73
0-90 Degees
60
70
4
6.7
13.5
21.1
28
43
34.8
55.8
170.5
268
0.86
0.73
0.64
0.49
80
11.2
34.3
66
93
372.2
0.64
0.33
90
18.7
46.4
122
136.5
651
0.56
0.28
100
31.2
50.2
195
227.7
651
0.45
0.28
41
Atomac AKH3 Valve

FEP & PFA Lined
Valve
Size
1
1.5
2
3
4
6
8
10
12

Shut-Off Pressure (psig)
0
150
275
60
65
70
65
70
75
180
240
300
240
300
400
525
750
960
700
1050
1400
1593
2390
2921
4248
6195
7965
4248
6195
7965
Atomac CAKH3V Valve

FEP & PFA Lined
Atomac AKH3 Valve

Shut-Off Pressure (PSIG)
Valve
Size
0
150
275
1
78
85
91
1.5
78
85
91
2
234
312
390
3
312
390
520
4
683
975
1248
6
910
1365
1820
8
2071
3107
3797
10
5523
8054
10355
12
5523
8054
10355
42

FEP & PFA Lined
Slurry Service
Atomac CAKH3V Valve

FEP & PFA Lined
Slurry Service
Atomac AKH2* Valve

Full Port Ball Valve
FEP & PFA Lined
Cv
Valve Size
.5
.75
1
1.5
2
3
4
6
8RP
8FP
10
12
FL2
Xt
Cv At Full Open
10
24
40
173
323
831
1700
4860
3144
8320
11900
18342
.14
.30
*See page 46 for AKH2A data.

Note: Some documents refer to Atomac capacities in Kv
To convert:
Kv = 0.86 x Cv
Cv = 1.16 x Kv
43
Atomac AKH2 Valve

FEP & PFA Lined
Valve
Size
0
150
275
0.5
60
65
70
0.75
60
65
70
1
65
70
75
1.5
180
240
300
2
240
300
400
3
525
750
960
4
700
1050
1400
6
1593
2390
2921
8RP
1593
2390
2921
8FP
4248
6195
7965
10
4425
11770
14691
12
6638
17700
22125
RP = Reduced Port
FP = Full Port
Atomac AKH2 Valve

FEP & PFA Lined
Slurry Service
Valve
Size
0
150
275
0.5
78
85
91
0.75
78
85
91
1
85
91
98
1.5
234
312
390
2
312
390
520
3
683
975
1248
4
910
1365
1820
6
2071
3107
3797
8RP
2071
3107
3797
8FP
5522
8054
10355
10
5753
15301
19098
12
8629
23010
28763
RP = Reduced Port
FP = Full Port
44
Atomac AKH5 Valve

Ceramic Lined
Cv
Valve Size
1
1.5
2
3
4
FL2
Xt
Cv At Full Open
40
173
323
831
1700
.14
.30
Atomac AKH5 Valve

Ceramic Lined (Liner & Ball)*
Valve
Size
1
1.5
2
3
4

0
150
275
27
31
44
53
84
93
97
186
221
443
841
1106
487
1106
1460
*For metal stems only, contact factory for ceramic stem torques.
Atomac AKH5 Valve

Ceramic Lined (Liner & Ball)*
Slurry Service
Valve
Size
0
150
275
1
50
81
134
1.5
100
175
306
2
181
412
750
3
825
2062
3650
4
925
2625
3937
45
Atomac AKH2A Valve

FEP & PFA Lined
Cv
Valve Size
1
1.5
2
3
4
6
FL2
Xt
Cv At Full Open
54.1
147.5
235.4
590.2
1108.8
1833
.14
.30
Atomac AKH2A Valve

FEP & PFA Lined
Valve
Size
0
150
275
1
65
70
75
1.5
180
240
300
2
240
300
400
3
443
558
752
4
558
858
1097
6
1416
2124
2744
Atomac AKH2A Valve

Valve
Size
0
150
275
1
85
91
98
1.5
234
312
390
2
312
390
520
3
576
725
978
4
725
1115
1426
6
1841
2761
3567
46

FEP & PFA Lined
Slurry Service
Atomac AKH6 Valve

Tank Drain Ball Valve
FEP & PFA Lined
Cv
Valve Size
1x2
1.5 x 3
2x3
2x3
3x4
4x6
6x8
FL2
Xt
Cv At Full Open
70
186
290
290
767
1200
3525
.50
.16
Atomac AKH6 Valve

FEP & PFA Lined
Valve
Size
1x2
1.5 X 3
2x3
2x4
3x4
4x6

0
150
275
65
70
75
180
240
300
240
300
400
240
300
400
700
1050
1400
1593
2390
2921
Atomac AKH6 Valve

FEP & PFA Lined
Slurry Service
Valve
Size
1x2
1.5 X 3
2x3
2x4
3x4
4x6
6X8

0
150
275
85
91
98
234
312
390
312
390
520
312
390
520
683
975
1248
910
1365
1820
2071
3107
3797
47
Atomac AMP3 Valve

3-Way Ball Valve
FEP & PFA Lined
Cv
Valve Size
1
1.5
2
3
4
FL2
Xt
Cv At Full Open
14.9
38.6
60.6
126
222
.47
.30
Atomac AMP3 Valve

Valve
Size
0
150
275
1
124
177
202
1.5
195
266
304
2
266
363
553
3
725
1018
1550
4
970
1355
2015
All AMP3 Sizing Torques are for the Following
Flow Arrangements:
L Arrangement - Ports A or B to C
T Arrangement - Port A to B & C
Or Port B to A & C Only.
For all Others, Consult Factory.
3-Way Ball Valve

FEP & PFA Lined
AMP3 PORT
ARRANGEMENT
A
Atomac AMP3 Valve

Valve
Size
0
150
275
1
161
230
263
1.5
254
346
395
2
346
472
719
3
943
1323
2015
4
1261
1762
2620
48
3-Way Ball Valve

FEP & PFA Lined
Slurry Service
Microfinish BR2 Valve

150# Flanged, Regular Port Ball Valve
Cv
Valve
Size
.5
.75
1
1.5
2
3
4
6
8
FL2
Xt
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.1
3.2
10.8
0.94
.78
20
0.1
0.2
0.4
1.3
1.5
3.4
5.7
8.4
21
0.94
.75
30
0.2
0.4
0.9
3.2
3.7
8.6
14.3
21
53
0.92
.70
40
50
60
70
0.5
0.8
1.4
2.5
0.9
1.5
2.7
4.7
2.1
3.5
6.1
10.5
7.3
12.3
21.6
37
8.5
14.4
25.2
43
19.7
33
59
101
33
55
97
167
48
81
142
245
121
205
360
620
0.88
0.82
0.79
0.75
.66
.63
.56
.49

150# Flanged, Regular Port Ball Valve
Shut off pressure (psig)
VALVE SIZE
100 PSI
285 PSI
(Inches)
(mm)
Inch-pound
Inch
.5
15
35
40
.75
20
35
40
1
25
70
85
1.5
40
163
197
2
50
224
243
3
80
556
673
4
100
750
1170
6
150
1840
2530
8
200
2640
3360
49
80
3.9
7.4
16.7
59
69
159
265
387
980
0.67
.38
90
6.4
12.0
27.2
96
112
260
432
632
1600
0.57
.26
100
8.0
15.0
34.0
120
140
325
540
790
2000
0.50
.16
Microfinish BF2 Valve
Full Port Flanged Ball Valve
Cv
Valve
Size
.5
.75
1
1.5
2
3
4
6
8
FL2
Xt
10
0
0
0
0
0
3.8
8.3
17.8
39
.94
.78
20
0.2
0.4
1.0
2.4
4.8
11.7
23.3
55
106
.92
.75
30
0.5
1.1
2.4
6.1
11.9
29.1
58
138
264
.88
.70
% Of Rotation With Live Zero

40
50
60
70
1.2
2.1
3.6
6.2
2.4
4.1
7.2
12.4
5.4
9.2
16.2
27.9
13.9
23.6
41
71
27.2
46
81.0
140
67
113
198
341
133
226
396
682
315
534
936
1612
605
1026
1800
3100
.79
.68
.54
.44
.66
.63
.56
.49
80
9.8
19.6
44
113
221
539
1078
2548
4900
.34
.38
90
16.0
32
72
184
360
880
1760
4160
8000
.24
.26
100
20.0
40
90
230
450
1100
2200
5200
10000
.15
.16
Microfinish BF2 Valve
Full Port Flanged Ball Valve

Shut off pressure (psig)
VALVE SIZE
100 PSI
285 PSI
(Inches)
(mm)
Inch-pound
Inch
.5
15
40
46
.75
20
70
85
1
25
80
98
1.5
40
230
276
2
50
259
460
3
80
660
1170
4
100
1287
2038
6
150
3269
4800
8
200
4800
6000
50
MICROFINISH BR38 VALVE

Regular Port Threaded 800# Ball Valve
Cv
Valve
Size
.5
.75
1
1.5
2
FL2
Xt
10
0
0
0
0
0
NA
NA
20
0.1
0.2
0.4
1.3
1.5
0.94
.78
30
0.2
0.4
0.9
3.2
3.7
0.92
.75
40
50
60
70
0.5
0.8
1.4
2.5
0.9
1.5
2.7
4.7
2.1
3.5
6.1
10.5
7.3
12.3
21.6
37
8.5
14.4
25.2
43
0.88
0.82
0.79
0.75
.70
.66
.63
.56
80
3.9
7.4
16.7
59
69
0.67
.49
90
6.4
12.0
27.2
96
112
0.57
.38
100
8.0
15.0
34.0
120
140
0.50
.26
80
9.8
19.6
44
113
N/A
.34
.38
90
16.0
32
72
184
N/A
.24
.26
100
20.0
40
90
230
N/A
.15
.16
MICROFINISH BR38 VALVE
Regular Port Threaded 800# Ball Valve
VALVE
SIZE
.5
.75
1
1.5
2

Class 800
Full Port
Regular Port
68
68
135
68
225
135
506
383
506
Torques based on standard seat (e.g. glass filled TFE).

Full Port Threaded 800# Ball Valve
Cv
Valve
Size
.5
.75
1
1.5
2
FL2
Xt
10
0
0
0
0
N/A
NA
NA
20
0.2
0.4
1.0
2.4
N/A
.92
.75
30
0.5
1.1
2.4
6.1
N/A
.83
.70
40
50
60
70
1.2
2.1
3.6
6.2
2.4
4.1
7.2
12.4
5.4
9.2
16.2
27.9
13.9
23.6
41
71
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
.73
.63
.53
.44
.66
.63
.56
.49
51
Microfinish BF2K Valve

Full Port Threaded WOG Ball Valve
Cv
Valve
Size
.25
.375
.5
.75
1
1.25
1.5
2
FL2
Xt
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
NA
20
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.5
1.0
1.7
2.4
4.8
.92
.78
30
0.2
0.3
0.6
1.2
2.4
4.4
6.1
11.9
.88
.75
40
50
60
70
0.5
0.8
1.4
2.5
0.6
1.0
1.8
3.1
1.4
2.4
4.1
7.1
2.7
4.6
8.1
14.0
5.4
9.2
16.2
27.9
10.0
16.9
29.7
51.2
13.9
23.6
41.4
71.3
27.2
46.2
81.0
140
.79
.68
.54
.44
.70
.66
.63
.56
80
3.9
4.9
11.3
22.1
44.1
80.9
113
220
.34
.49
90
6.4
8.0
18.4
36.0
72.0
132
184
360
.24
.38
100
8.0
10.0
23.0
45.0
90.0
165
230
450
.15
.26

VALVE
PORT
BF2K
SIZE
SIZE
.25
FB
43
.375
FB
43
.5
FB
55
.75
FB
85
1
FB
115
1.25
FB
170
1.5
FB
219
2
FB
340
Torques based on standard seat ( e.g. glass filled TFE)
52

Cv
Valve
Size
.25
.375
.5
.75
1
1.25
1.5
2
FL2
Xt
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
NA
20
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.5
1.0
1.7
2.4
4.8
.92
.78
30
0.2
0.3
0.6
1.2
2.4
4.4
6.1
11.9
.88
.75
40
50
60
70
0.5
0.8
1.4
2.5
0.6
1.0
1.8
3.1
1.4
2.4
4.1
7.1
2.7
4.6
8.1
14.0
5.4
9.2
16.2
27.9
10.0
16.9
29.7
51.2
13.9
23.6
41.4
71.3
27.2
46.2
81.0
140
.79
.68
.54
.44
.70
.66
.63
.56
MICROFINISH BF3K VALVE


VALVE
PORT
BF3K
SIZE
SIZE
.25
FB
49
.375
FB
49
.5
FB
79
.75
FB
105
1
FB
164
1.25
FB
255
1.5
FB
316
2
FB
365
Torques based on standard seat ( e.g. glass filled TFE)
53
80
3.9
4.9
11.3
22.1
44.1
80.9
113
220
.34
.49
90
6.4
8.0
18.4
36.0
72.0
132
184
360
.24
.38
100
8.0
10.0
23.0
45.0
90.0
165
230
450
.15
.26
Section Four
PRESSURE
To accurately size control valves, we must fully understand the various pressure terms used in the instrument
world. The pressure measurement identifications most frequently encountered in valve applications are: absolute
pressure, gauge pressure, vacuum, and differential pressure.
DEFINITIONS:
a) ABSOLUTE PRESSURE -expressed "pounds per square inch absolute," or psia.
b) GAUGE PRESSURE -expressed "pounds per square inch gauge," or psig.
c) VACUUM -is a special case of gauge pressure; i.e., vacuum is negative gauge pressure or any pressure
less than atmospheric pressure.
d) DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE-is the difference between two pressure points in a system and is
expressed as P .
Here are some basic relationships between gauge pressure, absolute pressure and vacuum.
a) absolute pressure = atmospheric pressure + gauge pressure.
b) absolute pressure = atmospheric pressure - vacuum.
c) gauge pressure= -vacuum.
EXAMPLES:
1. Convert 100 psig to absolute
a) Pabs = 100 + 14.7 = 114.7 at sea level
b) Pabs = 100 + 12.7 = 112.7 at 4,000 feet
2. Convert 20.36 in Hg Vacuum to psia
a) Pgauge =
in Hg 20.36
2.036 = 2.036 = 10 psig
Pgauge = -vacuum = -10 psig vacuum
b) Pabs = Patmos vacuum

Pabs = 14.7 10 psig = 4.7 psia at sea level
Pabs = 12.7 10 psig = 2.7 psia at 4,000 feet
3. Convert 100 psia to psig
a) Pabs = Patmos + Pgauge
b) Pgauge = Pabs Patmos
Pgauge = 100 psi 14.7 psia = 85.3 psig at sea level
USEFUL EQUIVALENTS
1 US Gallon of Water = 8.33 pounds @ 60 0 F
1 Cubic Foot of Water = 62.34 pounds @ 60 0 F
55
1 Cubic Foot of Air = .076 pounds (Std. Pressure and temperature)

1 Pound of Air = 13.1 Cubic Feet (Std. pressure and temperature)
Gas Molecular Weight =Specific gravity of that gas
29
Molecular Weight of Air = 29
Density = Specific Weight
1 Nautical Mile = Dist. Subtended By One Min. at Equator.
1 Light Band = 0.0000118
1 Micron = 0.001 Millimeter
1 Micron = One Millionth of A Meter
Big Calorie = 1 Kilogram: 1C.
Little Calorie = 1 Gram: 1C.
Visibility in Miles = 15
. xHt . inFeet
1 Part Per Million = 0.0001 per cent
1 mil (Corrosion) = 0.001
Dia.( Inches) xRPM

229
321,000 xHP
Torsional Shaft Stress (Pds/Sq. in.) =
RPMxDia 3 ( Inches)
Surface Speed (Rotating Shaft) In Feet/Sec. =
MASS RATE
Where:
Standard conditions (scfh) are 14.7 psia and 60 0 F
Normal conditions (norm) are 760 mm Hg and 0 0 C
SG1 Water = 1 at 60 0 F
SG 2 Water = 1 at 4 0 C
M = Molecular weight
W 1 = Specific weight lb/ ft 3 (std.)
W 2 = Specific weight kg/ m 3 (norm)

G1 = Specific gravity air = 1 at (std.
G 2 = Specific gravity air = 1 at (norm)
GASES
scfh =
(lb / hr ) x 379
M
scfh = lb / hr
W
scfh =
(lb / hr ) x131
.
G1
m 3 / hr (norm) =
( kg / hr ) x22.40
M
m 3 / hr (norm) =
kg / hr
W
m 3 / hr (norm) =
( kg / hr ) x 0.82
G
56
LIQUID
USgal / min = lb / hr
500 xSG1
m 3 / hr =
0.001kg / hr
SG 2
VACUUM EQUIVALENTS
MILLIMETERS OF
MERCURY
INCHES IN
(Torr)*
PSIA MERCURY
14.7
29.92
760.0
1.0
2.04
51.7
0.49
1.0
25.4
0.0193
0.0394
1.0
0.000386 0.000787
0.020
0.0000193 0.000039
0.001
MICRONS
760,000
51,700
25,400
1,000
20
1
* Torr is another term that is the same as Millimeters of Mercury.
TEMPERATURE
Rapid Conversion of oC to oF: Degrees Celsius
Kelvin
1-Double oC
o
2-Deduct 10%
C
K
o
3-Add 32
C
K-273.15
o
Rapid Conversion of oF to oC:
C + 273.15
K
1-Deduct 32
o
9/5 C + 32
9/5K-459.67
2-Divide by 1.8
9/5 oC + 491.67
9/5K
57
Degrees
Fahrenheit
o
F
o
5/9 ( F-32)
5/9 (oF+ 459.67)
o
F
o
F + 459.67
Degrees
Rankine
o
R
o
5/9 ( R-491.67)
5/9 oR
o
R -459.67
o
R
TABLE 5.1
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS
Ratio
Liquid/Gas
Name
Acetaldehyde
Acetic Acid
Acetone
Acetylene
Air
Alcohol, Ethyl
Alcohol, Methyl
Ammonia
Ammonium Chloride
Ammonium Hydroxide
Ammonium Sulfate
Aniline
Argon
Arsene
Beer
Benzene
Bromine
Butane
Butylene
Butyric Acid
Calcium Chloride
Camphor
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Disulfide
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlorine
Chloroform
Chromic Acid
Cis-2-Butene
Citric Acid
Copper Sulfate
Cyanogen
Cydohexame
Cyclopentane
DichloromethaneDi-Isobutyl
Ethane
Ether
Ethyl Chloride
Ethylbenzene
Ethylene
Ferric Chloride
Fluorine
Formaldehyde
Formic Acid
Furfural
Formula
CH3CHO
HC2H302
C3H60
C2H2
N202
C2H60
CH40
NH3
NH4CL
NH4OH
(NH4)SO4
C6H7N
A
AsH3
C6H6
Br2
C4H1o
C4H8
psia
Specific
Critical
Gravity
Pressure
0.78
1.05
840
0.79 2.01
691
0.61 0.90
890
0.86 1.00
547
0.794 1.59
925
0.796 1.11
1,174
0.62 0.59
1,636
1.07
0.91
1.15
1.02
770
1.65 1.38
705
2.69
1.01
0.88 2.70
710
2.93 5.52
1,485
2.07
529
1.90
583
Critical Viscosity
CentiTemp.
stokes
R
830
0.295
1,069
1.17
915
0.41
555
239
930
1.52
923
0.74
730
0.30
1258
272
4.37
1012
1035
0.744
0.34
Specific
Heats
K
psia
Vapor
Pressure
Ambient
Temp.
1.13
1.26
1.40
1.15
1.24
1.29
5.50
12.30
19.63
129.00
1.67
756
3.20
2.90
39.60
1.11
1.61
CaCl2
C10H160
C02
CS2
CO
C Cl4
Cl2
CHCI3
H2CrO4
C4H8
C6H807
CuS04
(CN)x
C5H12
C5H1o
CH2CI2
C8H18
C2H6
(CaH5) 20
C2H5CI
C8H1o
C2H4
FeCI3
F2
H2CO
C6H12O2
C5H402
1.23
0.801
1.29
0.80
1.59
1.42
1.49
1.21
0.63
1.54
1.17
1.52
2.63
0.97
5.31
2.45
1,072
1,071
507
661
1,119
793
548
994
240
1002
751
965
610
784
839
722
654
882
361
708
505
740
524
730
922
990
550
841
829
1111
509
809
260
501
1036
1.94
0.75 2.42
0.70
0.36
0.74
0.90
0.87
3.94
1.05
2.55
3.67
0.97
1.23
1.11 1.31
0.82 1.08
1.23
1.16
58
0.005
854.00
8.40
5338
2.70
100.00
4.80
1.30
0.298
0.612
1.35
0.38
1.11
46.00
9.9
1.18
0.668
1.23
1.25
1.10
800.00
12.50
27.10
0.37
765
300.00
1.48
TABLE 5.1
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS (Continued)
Ratio
Name
Formula
Glycerin
Glycol
Helium
Hexane
Hexylene
Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrofluoric Acid
Hydrogen
Hydrogen Chloride
Hydrogen Sulfide
Iodine
Iso-Butane
[so-Butene
Iso-Octane
Iso-Prene
Iso-Pentane
Iso-Propyl-Alcohol
Iso-Propyl-Benzene
Krypton
m-Xylene
Magnesium Chloride
Mercury
Methane
Methyl Cyclohexane
Methyl Cyclopentane
Methyl Bromide
Methyl Chloride
Milk
n-Octane
n-Butane
n-Decane
n-Heptane
n-Hexane
n-Nonane
n-Pentane
Napthalene
Natural Gas
Neohexane
Neon
Neopentane
Nitric Acid
Nitric Oxide
Nitrobenzene
Nitrogen
Nitrogyl Chloride
Nitrous Oxide
C3H803
C2H602
He
C6H14
C6H12
HCI
HF
H2
HCI
H2S
I2
C4H10
C4H8
C8H18
C5H8
C5H12
C3H8O
C9H12
Kr
C8H10
MgCI2
Hg
CH4
C7H14
C6H12
CH3Br
CH3Cl
psia
Critical
Liquid/Gas
Pressure
Specific
Gravity
1.26
970
1.11
1,117
0.18 0.14
33
0.65
433
0.67
447
1.64
1,205
0.92
940
0.07 0.07
188
0.86 1.26
1,198
0.79 1.17
1,307
2.40
1,690
0.56 2.00
529
0.60 1.94
580
0.70 3.94
372
0.69 2.35
558
0.62 2.49
490
0.78 2.08
779
0.87 4.15
465
2.87
797
0.87 3.67
514
1.22
13.60 6.93
23,326
0.30 0.55
668
0.77 3.40
504
0.75 2.90
549
1.73 3.27
0.99 1.74
969
C8H18
C4H1o
C10H22
C7H16
C6H14
CgH20
C5H12
C10H8
0.71
0.58
0.73
0.69
0.66
0.72
0.63
1.14
3.94
2.00
4.90
3.46
2.98
4.43
2.49
4.43
361
551
304
397
437
332
489
C6H14
Ne
C5H12
HN03
NO
0.65 2.98
0.70
0.60 2.49
1.50
1.04
447
384
464
N2
NOCI
N20
0.81 0.97
2.31
1.53
Critical
Temp.
R
1,307
1,161
10
913
920
584
906
60
585
673
1,487
735
753
979
872
829
915
1,136
378
1,111
Viscosit
y
Centistokes
17.80
1.90
1.08
1.09
1.66
1.06
1.07
1.40
1.40
1.41
1.29
1.11
1.12
3,120
343
1,030
959
836
750
1,024
776
1,112
973
914
1,071
846
1,347
326
880
80
781
Specific
Heats
K
1.31
1.32
0.77
1.10
1.24
0.60
0.49
0.97
0.37
0.90
1.05
1.06
1.08
1.06
1.07
psia
Vapor
Pressure
Ambient
Temp.
0.0001
0.01
2651
2.03
2.63
559
15.90
628.00
267.00
0.01
72.20
63.40
1.70
17.00
20.40
743
0.19
2676
0.33
5,000
1.60
4.50
28.00
74.00
0.54
51.60
0.06
1.62
4.96
0.18
15.60
0.15
9.90
11,736
35.90
1.87
925
323
493
227
35,679
1.67
1,048
59
1.40
7,499
1.30
539
TABLE 5.1
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS (Continued)
Name
Formula
Liquid/Gas
Specific
Gravity
o-Xylene
Oil, Olive
Oil, Vegetable
Oxygen
p-Xylene
Phenol
Phosgene
Phosphine
Phosphoric Acid
Potassium Carbonate
Potassium Chloride
Potassium Hydroxide
Propane
Propene
Propionic Acid
Raden
Refrigerant 1 1
Refrigerant 12
Refrigerent 13
Refrigerant 21
Refrigerant 22
Refrigerant 23
Silicon Tetrafluoride
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Sulfate
Sodium Thiosulfate
Starch
Styrene
Sulfuric Acid
Sulfur Dioxide
SulfurTrioxide
Toluene
Trans-2- Butene
Triptane
Turpentine
Xenon
Xyolene-o
Water
Zinc Chloride
Zinc Sulfate
1 -Butene
1 -Pentene
1, 2-Butadiene
1. 3-Butadiene
2-Methylhexane
2-Methylpentane
2, 2-Dimethylpentane
2, 3-Dimethylbutane
3 -Eythlpentane
C8H10
0.88
psia
Critical
Pressure
3.67
541
Critical
Temp.
R
Viscosity
Centistokes
1,135
Ratio
Specific
Heats
K
1.07
93.00
O2
C8H10
C6H50H
COCl2
PH3
H3PO4
K2CO3
KCI
KO4
C3H8
C3H6
0.92
1.14
0.87
1.08
1.39
1.83
1.24
1.16
1.24
0.51
0.52
1.11
3.67
279
1,110
3.42
1.18
737
509
889
823
948
1.52
1.45
616
669
666
657
912
635
597
561
750
716
691
679
848
694
544
813
665
551
580
1,166
1.40
1.07
psia
Vapor
Pressure at
Ambient
Temp.
0.26
0.34
0.34
11.83
820
583
25.70
1.13
1.15
190.00
226.00
1.13
CCl3F
CCl2F2
CCIF3
CHCl2F
CHCIF
CHF3
SiF4
NaCl
NAOH
Na2SO4
Na2S203
(C6H10O5 ) X
C8H8
H2SO4
S02
S03
C7H8
C4H8
C7H16
5.04
4.20
3.82
28.40
85.20
473.70
23.40
137.50
650.00
0.27
3.62
1.19
1.27
1.24
1.23
1.50
0.91
1.83
1.39
0.87
0.61
0.69
0.87
Xe
H20
ZnCI2
ZnSO4
C5H8
C5H10
C4H6
C4H6
C7H16
C6H14
C7H16
C6H14
C7H16
0.32
0.21
1.00
1.24
1.31
0.60
0.65
0.66
0.63
0.68
0.66
0.68
0.67
0.70
3.60
0.24
14.60
2.21
1,145
776
1.25
49.40
3.18
1.94
3.46
596
595
428
1,066
772
956
1.09
1.10
1.05
1.00
50.00
3.40
4.53
853
523
0.62
3,206
1,166
1.94
2.42
1.87
1.87
3.46
2.98
3.46
2.98
3.46
583
590
653
628
397
437
402
454
419
756
837
799
766
955
896
937
900
973
1.83
60
93.0
1.1
0.95
1.10
1.08
1.12
1.12
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
63.00
19.00
20.00
60.00
2.30
6.80
3.5
7.4
2.00
LIQUID VELOCITY DETERMINATION

FIGURE 5.0
*Multiply velocity head value from chart by liquid specific gravity if specific gravity is other than one.
NOTE: The internal diameter of the various pipe schedules may be found by noting the intersection of the
diagonal line representing the nominal size of pipe with the vertical line representing the pipe schedule, then
projecting horizontally to the D-scale.
61
Durco Teflon Seated Valves for Steam Service

Many Durco Teflon seated valves are suitable for a wide variety of steam services. It is important,
however, that modifications be made to some valve types.
1.
Manual On / Off Service clean saturated steam up to 100 PSIG inlet (337 F).
2.
Automated On / Off Service clean saturated steam up to 150 PSIG inlet (366 F).
3.
Automated Throttling Service clean saturated steam up to 150 PSIG inlet (366 F with a
maximum P of 100 PSIG and the valve operating in the 40% to 60% open position.)
Big Max Valves

All Big Max valves can be applied as outlined above without any modifications.
G4 and SG4 Valves

All G4 and SG4 valves for use on any steam service must have the plug vented to the bottom cavity and
have a glass filled sleeve. Modulating / throttling service valves should also utilize a V-port (EG / SEG) plug with
the V-port installed upstream.
Atomac, T4, BL and BTV Valves

All Teflon lined valves are NOT recommended for steam service.
Mach 1 Valves
Mach 1 valves on steam have the same restrictions as the G4 and should use the full SLEEVE and NOT Port Seals.
62
Vapor Pressure
Absolute Vacuum
psia
psig
0.20
29.51
0.25
29.41
0.30
29.31
0.35
29.21
0.40
29.11
0.45
29.00
0.50
28.90
0.60
28.70
0.70
28.49
0.80
28.29
0.90
28.09
1.00
27.88
1.20
27.48
1.40
27.07
1.60
26.66
1.80
26.26
2.00
25.85
2.20
25.44
2.40
25.03
2.60
24.63
2.80
24.22
3.00
23.81
3.50
22.79
4.00
21.78
4.50
20.76
5.00
19.74
5.50
18.72
6.00
17.70
6.50
16.69
7.00
15.67
7.50
14.65
8.00
13.63
8.50
12.61
9.00
11.60
9.50
10.58
10.00
9.56
11.00
7.52
12.00
5.49
13.00
3.45
14.00
1.42
Temp.
F
53.14
59.30
64.47
68.93
72.86
76.38
79.58
85.21
90.08
94.38
98.24
101.74
107.92
113.26
117.99
122.23
126.08
129.62
132.89
135.94
138.79
141.48
147.57
152.97
157.83
162.24
166.30
170.06
173.56
176.85
179.94
182.86
185.64
188.28
190.80
193.21
19775
20196
205.88
209.56
Vapor Pressure
Absolute
Guage
psia
psig
14.696
0.00
15.00
0.30
16.00
1.30
17.00
2.30
18.00
3.30
19.00
4.30
20.00
5.3
21.00
6.30
22.00
7.30
23.00
8.30
24.00
9.30
25.00
10.30
26.00
11.30
27.00
12.30
28.00
13.30
29.00
14.30
30.00
15.30
31.00
16.30
32.00
17.30
33.00
18.30
34.00
19.30
35.00
20.30
36.00
21.30
37.00
22.30
38.00
23.30
Temp.
F
212.00
213.03
216.32
219.44
222.41
225.24
227.96
230.57
233.07
235.49
237.82
240.07
242.25
244.36
246.41
248.40
250.33
252.22
254.05
255.84
257.58
259.28
260.95
262.57
264.16
TABLE 5.2
SATURATED STEAM PROPERTIES
Vapor Pressure
Specific
Water
Wieight
Specific
Absolute
Guage
Lbs.cu ft
Gravity
psia
psig
0.000655
1.00
39.00
24.30
0.000810
1.00
40.00
25.30
0.000962
1.00
41.00
26.30
0.00111
1.00
42.00
27.30
0.00126
1.00
43.00
28.30
0.00141
1.00
44.00
29.30
0.00156
1.00
45.00
30.30
0.00185
1.00
46.00
31.30
0.00214
1.00
47.00
32.30
0.00243
1.00
48.00
33.30
0.00271
0.99
49.00
34.30
0.00300
0.99
50.00
35.30
0.00356
0.99
51.00
36.30
0.00412
0.99
52.00
37.30
0.00467
0.99
53.00
38.30
0.00521
0.99
54.00
39.30
0.00576
0.99
55.00
40.30
0.00630
0.99
56.00
41.30
0.00683
0.99
57.00
42.30
0.00737
0.99
58.00
43.30
0.00790
0.98
59.00
44.30
0.00842
0.98
60.00
45.30
0.00974
0.98
61.00
46.30
0.0110
0.98
62.00
47.30
0.0123
0.98
63.00
48.30
0.0136
0.98
64.00
49.30
0.0149
0.98
65.00
50.30
0.0161
0.98
66.00
51.30
0.0174
0.97
67.00
52.30
0.0186
0.97
68.00
53.30
0.0199
0.97
69.00
54.30
0.0211
0.97
70.00
55.30
0.0224
0.97
71.00
56.30
0.0236
0.97
72.00
57.30
0.0248
0.97
73.00
58.30
0.0260
0.97
74.00
59.30
0.0285
0.97
75.00
60.30
0.0309
0.96
76.00
61.30
0.0333
0.96
77.00
62.30
0.0357
0.96
78.00
63.30
79.00
64.30
80.00
65.30
81.00
66.30
82.00
67.30
Specific
Water
Wieight
Specific
83.00
68.30
Lbs.cu ft
Gravity
84.00
69.30
0.0373
0.96
85.00
70.30
0.0380
0.96
86.00
71.30
0.0404
0.96
87.00
72.30
0.0428
0.96
88.00
73.30
0.0451
0.96
89.00
74.30
0.0474
0.95
90.00
75.30
0.0498
0.95
91.00
76.30
0.0521
0.95
92.00
77.30
0.0544
0.95
93.00
78.30
0.0567
0.95
94.00
79.30
0.0590
0.95
95.00
80.30
0.0613
0.95
96.00
81.30
0.0636
0.95
97.00
82.30
0.0659
0.95
98.00
83.30
0.0682
0.94
99.00
84.30
0.0705
0.94
100.00
85.30
0.0727
0.94
101.00
86.30
0.0750
0.94
102.00
87.30
0.0773
0.94
103.00
88.30
0.0795
0.94
104.00
89.00
0.0818
0.94
105.00
90.30
0.0940
0.94
106.00
91.30
0.0863
0.94
107.00
92.30
0.0885
0.94
108.00
93.30
0.0908
0.94
109.00
94.30
63
Temp.
F
265.72
267.25
268.74
270.21
271.64
273.05
274.44
275.80
277.13
278.45
279.74
281.01
282.26
283.49
284.70
285.90
287.07
288.23
289.37
290.50
291.61
292.71
293.79
294.85
295.90
296.94
297.97
298.99
299.99
300.98
301.96
302.92
303.88
304.83
305.76
306.68
307.60
308.50
309.40
310.29
311.16
312.03
312.89
313.74
314.59
315.42
316.25
317.07
317.88
318.68
319.48
320.27
321.06
321.83
322.60
323.36
324.12
324.87
325.61
326.35
327.08
327.81
328.53
329.25
329.96
330.66
331.36
332.05
332.74
333.42
334.10
Specific
Wieight
Lbs.cu ft
0.0930
0.0953
0.0975
0.0997
0.102
0.104
0.106
0.109
0.111
0.113
0.115
0.117
0.120
0.122
0.124
0.126
0.128
0.131
0.133
0.135
0.137
0.139
0.142
0.144
0.146
0.148
0.150
0.152
0.155
0.157
0.159
0.161
0.163
0.165
0.168
0.170
0.172
0.174
0.176
0.178
0.181
0.183
0.185
0.187
0.189
0.191
0.193
0.196
0.198
0.200
0.202
0.204
0.206
0.209
0.211
0.213
0.215
0.217
0.219
0.221
0.224
0.226
0.228
0.230
0.232
0.234
0.236
0.238
0.241
0.243
0.245
Water
Specific
Gravity
0.94
0.94
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.94
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
Vapor Pressure
Absolute
Guage
psig
psia
110.00
95.30
111.00
96.30
112.00
97.30
113.00
98.30
114.00
99.30
115.00
100.30
116.00
101.30
117.00
102.30
118.00
103.30
119.00
104.30
120.00
105.30
121.00
106.30
122.00
107.30
123.00
108.30
124.00
109.30
125.00
110.30
126.00
111.30
127.00
112.30
128.00
113.30
129.00
114.30
130.00
115.30
131.00
116.30
132.00
117.30
133.00
118.30
134.00
119.30
135.00
120.30
136.00
121.30
137.00
122.30
138.00
123.30
139.00
124.30
140.00
125.30
141.00
126.30
142.00
127.30
143.00
128.30
144.00
129.30
145.00
130.30
146.00
131.30
147.00
132.30
148.00
133.30
149.00
134.30
150.00
135.30
152.00
137.30
154.00
139.30
156.00
141.30
158.00
143.30
160.00
145.30
162.00
147.30
164.00
149.30
166.00
151.30
168.00
153.30
170.00
155.30
172.00
157.30
174.00
159.30
176.00
161.30
178.00
163.30
180.00
165.30
182.00
167.30
184.00
169.30
186.00
171.30
188.00
173.30
190.00
175.30
192.00
177.30
194.00
179.30
196.00
181.30
198.00
183.30
200.00
185.30
205.00
190.30
210.00
195.30
215.00
200.30
220.00
205.30
225.00
210.30
230.00
215.30
235.00
220.30
240.00
225.30
245.00
230.30
Temp.
F
334.77
335.44
336.11
336.77
337.42
338.07
338.72
339.36
339.99
340.62
341.25
341.88
342.50
343.11
343.72
344.33
344.94
345.54
346.13
346.73
347.32
347.90
348.48
349.06
349.64
350.21
350.78
351.35
351.91
352.47
353.02
353.57
254.12
354.67
355.21
355.76
356.29
356.83
357.36
357.89
358.42
359.46
360.49
361.52
362.53
363.53
364.53
365.51
366.48
367.45
368.41
369.35
370.29
371.22
372.14
373.06
373.96
374.86
375.75
376.64
377.51
378.38
379.24
380.10
380.95
381.79
383.86
385.90
387.89
389.86
391.79
393.68
395.54
397.37
399.18
Specific
Weight
Lbs/cu ft
.247
.249
.251
.253
.255
.258
.260
.262
.264
.266
.268
.270
.272
.275
.277
.279
.281
.283
.285
.287
.289
.292
.294
.296
.298
.300
.302
.304
.306
.308
.311
.313
.315
.317
.319
.321
.323
.325
.327
.330
.332
.336
.340
.344
.349
.353
.357
.361
.365
.370
.374
.378
.382
.387
.391
.395
.399
.403
.407
.412
.416
.420
.424
.429
.433
.437
.448
.458
.469
.479
.490
.500
.511
.522
.532
Water
Specific
Gravity
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.86
0.86
0.86
Vapor Pressure
Absolute
psia
250.00
255.00
260.00
265.00
270.00
275.00
280.00
285.00
290.00
295.00
300.00
320.00
340.00
360.00
380.00
400.00
420.00
440.00
460.00
480.00
500.00
520.00
540.00
560.00
580.00
600.00
620.00
640.00
660.00
680.00
700.00
720.00
740.00
760.00
780.00
800.00
820.00
840.00
860.00
880.00
900.00
920.00
940.00
960.00
980.00
1000.00
1050.00
1100.00
1150.00
1200.00
1250.00
1300.00
1350.00
1400.00
1450.00
1500.00
1600.00
1700.00
1800.00
1900.00
2000.00
2100.00
2200.00
2300.00
2400.00
2500.00
2600.00
2700.00
2800.00
2900.00
3000.00
3100.00
3200.00
3206.20
64
Guage
psig
235.30
240.30
245.30
250.30
255.30
260.30
265.30
270.30
275.30
280.30
285.30
305.30
325.30
345.30
365.30
385.30
405.30
425.30
445.30
465.30
485.30
505.30
525.30
545.30
565.30
585.30
605.30
625.30
645.30
665.30
685.30
705.30
725.30
745.30
765.30
785.30
805.30
825.30
845.30
865.30
885.30
905.30
925.30
945.30
965.30
985.30
1035.30
1085.30
1135.30
1185.30
1235.30
1285.30
1335.30
1385.30
1435.30
1485.30
1585.30
1685.30
1785.30
1885.30
1985.30
2085.30
2185.30
2285.30
2385.30
2485.30
2585.30
2685.30
2785.30
2885.30
2985.30
3085.30
3185.30
3191.50
Temp.
F
400.95
402.70
404.42
406.11
407.78
409.43
411.05
412.65
414.23
415.79
417.33
423.29
428.97
434.40
439.60
444.59
449.39
454.02
458.50
462.82
467.01
471.07
475.01
478.85
482.58
486.21
489.75
493.21
496.58
499.88
503.10
506.25
509.34
512.36
515.33
518.23
521.08
523.88
526.63
529.33
531.98
534.59
537.16
539.68
542.17
544.61
550.57
556.31
561.86
567.22
572.42
577.46
582.35
587.10
591.73
596.23
604.90
613.15
621.03
628.58
635.82
642.77
649.46
655.91
662.12
668.13
673.94
679.55
684.99
690.26
695.36
700.31
705.11
705.40
Specific
Weight
Lbs/cu ft
0.542
0.553
0.563
0.574
0.585
0.595
0.606
0.616
0.627
0.637
0.648
0.690
0.733
0.775
0.818
0.861
0.904
0.947
0.991
1.03
1.08
1.12
1.17
1.21
1.25
1.30
1.34
1.39
1.43
1.48
1.53
1.57
1.62
1.66
1.71
1.76
1.81
1.85
1.90
1.95
2.00
2.05
2.10
2.14
2.19
2.24
2.37
2.50
2.63
2.76
2.90
3.04
3.18
3.32
3.47
3.62
3.92
4.25
4.59
4.95
5.32
5.73
6.15
6.61
7.11
7.65
8.24
8.90
9.66
10.60
11.70
13.30
17.20
19.90
Water
Specific
Gravity
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.84
0.84
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.82
0.82
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.78
0.78
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.74
0.74
0.73
0.73
0.72
0.71
0.71
0.70
0.69
0.69
0.68
0.67
0.66
0.65
0.64
0.62
0.61
0.60
0.59
0.57
0.56
0.54
0.53
0.51
0.49
0.46
0.43
0.36
0.32
TEAM-VALUES OF "K"
FIGURE 5.2
RATIO OF SPECIFIC HEAT AT CONSTANT PRESSURE

TO SPECIFIC HEAT AT CONSTANT VOLUME
K = Sp/Sv
65
FIGURE 5.1
SATURATED AND SUPERHEATED STEAM
SPECIFIC WEIGHT vs. TEMPERATURE
66
COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS
FIGURE 5.3
COMPRESSIBILITY CHART NO. 1
Pr = P1/Pc
Tr = T1/Tc
67
68
69
The following material is taken from :

CONTROL VALVE SIZING
Topic 3
BY L. R. Driskell
Chemical Plants Division
Dravo Corporation
INSTUMENT SOCIETY OF AMERICA
400 Stanwix Street, Pittsburgh, PA. 15222
TERMINOLOGY
BERNOULLI COEFFICIENT - In any stream, if the area is changed, as by a reducer, there is a
corresponding change in the static pressure, or "head". This pressure change is measured in units of
"velocity head". The dimensionless coefficient used for this purpose is the Bernoulli Coefficient KB.
CHOKED FLOW - The condition which exists when, with the upstream pressure remaining constant, the flow
through a valve cannot be further increased by lowering the downstream pressure.
COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE - The ratio of actual flow to theoretical flow. It includes the effects of jet
contraction and turbulence.
COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR - A factor used to compensate for deviation from the laws of perfect gases. If
the gas laws are used to compute the specific weight of a gas, the computed value must be adjusted by the
compressibility factor (Z) to obtain the true specific weight.
COMPRESSIBLE - Capable of being compressed. Gas and vapor are compressible fluids.
CRITICAL FLOW - This is a somewhat ambiguous term which signifies a point where the characteristics of flow
suffer a finite change. In the case of a liquid, critical flow could mean the point where the flow regime
changes from laminar to transitional. It is more often used to mean choked flow. In the case of a gas,
critical flow may mean the point where the velocity at the vena contracts attains the velocity of sound,
or it may mean the point where the flow is fully choked.
CRITICAL PRESSURE - The equilibrium pressure of a fluid which is at its critical temperature.
CRITICAL TEMPERATURE - The temperature of a fluid above which the fluid cannot be liquefied by
pressure.
INCOMPRESSIBLE - Liquids are referred to as being incompressible since their change in volume due
to pressure is negligible.
INCREASER - A pipe fitting identical to a reducer except specifically referred to for enlargements in the
direction of flow.
LAMINAR FLOW - Also known as viscous or streamline flow. A non-turbulent flow regime in which
the stream filaments glide along the pipe axially with essentially no transverse mixing. This occurs at
low Reynolds numbers, is usually associated with viscous liquids, and rarely occurs with gas flows in
valves. Flow rate varies linearly with 6P.
RANGEABILITY - Installed rangeability may be defined as the ratio of maximum to minimum flow
within which the deviation from a desired installed flow characteristic does not exceed some stated
limits. Inherent rangeability, a property of the valve alone, may be defined as the ratio of maximum
to minimum flow coefficients between which the gain of the valve does not deviate from a specified
gain by some stated tolerance.
REDUCER - A pipe fitting which is used to couple a pipe of one size to a pipe of a different size.
REYNOLDS NUMBER - A dimensionless criterion of the nature of flow pipes. It is proportional to the
ratio of dynamic forces to viscous forces: The product of diameter, velocity and density, divided by
absolute viscosity.
70
SPECIFIC HEAT - The ratio of the thermal capacity of a substance to that of water. The specific heat at
constant pressure of a gas is designated cp. The specific heat at constant volume of a gas is designated cv.
The ratio of the two (cp/cv = k) is called the Ratio of Specific Heats.
STREAMLINE FLOW - See "Laminar Flow".
TRANSITIONAL FLOW - A flow regime which lies between turbulent flow and laminar flow.
TRANSITIONAL FLOW - A flow regime characterized by random motion of the fluid particles in the tranverse
direction, as well as motion in the axial direction. This occurs at high Reynolds numbers and is the type of
flow most common in industrial fluid systems. Flow varies as the square root of P.
TURNDOWN - The ratio of the maximum plant design flow rate to the minimum plant design flow rate.
VAPOR PRESSURE - The equilibrium pressure which would exist in a confined space over a liquid.
VELOCITY OF APPROACH - A factor(F) determined by the ratio (m) of the valve orifice area to the inlet pipe
area.
VELOCITY HEAD - The pressure, measured in height of fluid column, needed to create a fluid velocity.
Numerically velocity head is the square of the velocity divided by twice the acceleration of gravity (Ul/2g).
VENA CONTRACTA - The place along the axis of flow, just beyond the orifice, where the jet stream contracts
to its minimum cross-sectional area.
VISCOUS FLOW See Laminar Flow
CATALOG OF EQUATIONS
LIQUID
(1)
(2)
REMARKS
q = FPCV P
G
Turbulent and
non-cavitating.
w = 63.3FPCV P
P < KC ( PI PV )
________________________________________________________________________
(3)
q = FLPCV P1 PVC
G
(4)
w = 63.3FLPCV ( P1 PVC )
Choked
(5)
PVC = FFPV
P FL2 ( PI FFPV )
(6)
V
FF 0.96 0.28 P
PC
(7)
iCd 2
FLP = 1 + K890
FL2
(8)
q = 52 P ( FSFPCV ) 2
1
2
(See Eq. 25 for Ki )
Laminar
71
(9)
(10)
PFd 2
FS = FF
LP
1
3
( FLPCD)2 +1 6
890
q = FRFPCV P
G
Transitional(See Table III for FR )
GAS OR VAPOR (ALL EQUATIONS: X FkXT )

(11)
w = 63.3FPCVY XP1 1
Using: Lb./Hr., Sp. Wt.
(12)
q = 1360 FPCVP1Y GTX1Z
Using: SCFH, Sp. G.
(13)
w = 19.3FPCVP1Y TXM
1Z
Using: Lb./Hr., Molecular Weight
(14)
X
q = 7320 FPCVP1Y MT
1Z
Using: SCFH, Molecular Weight
(15)
Y = 1 3FXKXT
Expansion factor, lower limit =0.67
(16)
FK = k / 140
.
Sp. Ht. Ratio factor
(17)
XT =
C1 2
= 0.84Cf 2
1600
Manufacturers Sizing Factors in

current use.
(18)
XT XTKiCd 2
XTP = 2
+ 1
Fp 1000
XT with reducers
STEAM (DRY-SATURATED)
(19)
Error 5% for p1=20 to 1600 psia.
w = FPCVP1 3
X
XTP
For X<XTP
w = 2 FPCVP1 XTP
For X>XTP (Choked Flow)
PIPING GEOMETRY FACTOR
(20)
KCd 2
FP =
+ 1
890
(21)
K = K
(22)
d
KB1 or KB2 = 1
D
1/ 2
See FLP for liquid choked flow(Eq.7)
+ K 2 + KB 1 KB 2
Sum of velocity head coefficients
Bernoulli coefficient
72
(23)
d 2
K 1 = 0.51
D
d 2
K 2 = 10
. 1
D
Resistance coefficients for abrupt

transitions
(24)
Resistance coefficients for abrupt

transitions
(25)
Ki = K 1 + KB 1
Inlet fitting coefficients (For FLP Eq.7

and XTP Eq. 18)
REFERENCE FORMULAS
(26)
17300 Fdq ( FLPCD )

+ 1
Re v =
v FLPCV 890
(27)
2
FL ' ( FL ')2
FL =
(Cd ) + 1
FP 890
1/ 4
Valve Reynolds Number
FL of valve/fitting assembly when

FL of valve alone is FL '
(28)
q = FPFyFRCV P
G
Composite liquid sizing equation
(29)
Fy = FL P1 FFPV
P
Liquid choked flow factor
VELOCITY-Feet/Second
(30)Liquid
U=
q
2.45D2
Lined Products
Alloy Products
5 8 Normal
10 12 Max.
5 10 Normal
20 40 Max.
(31)Gas
U=
qT
694 PD2
All products 250 400 Typical
(32)Vapor
U=
w
19.6D2
See STEAM Recommendations, page 62
(33)Steam
U = 23w2
pD
73
0-25 psig
70-100
>25 psig
>200 psig
Superheated
100-170
115-330
ACOUSTIC VELOCITY-(Mach 1.0)

(34)Gas
Ua = 223 kT
M
Recommend <0.3 Mach
(35)Air
Ua = 49 T
Recommend <0.3 Mach
(36)Steam, Superheated
Ua = 60 T
Recommend <0.15 Mach
(37)Steam, Dry Saturated
Ua 1650
(38)Vapor
Ua = 681
. kpv
74
NOMENCLATURE
(Based on U.S. Units)
SYMBOL
a
c
Cd
CD
Cf
Cv
C1
d
D
F
Fd
FF
Fk
FL
FLP
Fp
FR
Fs
Fy
g
G
k
K
KB
Kc
KI
K1
K2
M
m
p
pc
pr
pv
q
Rev
DESCRIPTION
Area
Coefficient of discharge, dimensionless
Unit capacity of valve, Cv/d2
Unit capacity of valve assembly, Cv/D2
Gas sizing factor used by some manufacturers
Valve sizing coefficient (See ISA-S39.2 and S39.4)
Gas sizing factor used by some manufacturers
Valve inlet diameter, inches
Pipe diameter, inches
Velocity of approach factor, 1/ 1 m 2 , dimensionless
Valve style modifier, dimensionless
Liquid critical pressure ratio factor, dimensionless
Ratio of specific heats factor, dimensionless
Liquid pressure recovery factor, dimensionless
Combined FL and FP factors for valve with reducers, dimensionless
Piping geometry factor, dimensionless
Reynolds number factor, dimensionless
Laminar, or streamline, flow factor
Liquid choked flow factor, dimensionless
Acceleration of gravity
Specific gravity (ratio of densities). For a liquid, G is taken at flowing temperature referred
to water at standard condition (60F.). For a gas, G is referred to air, with both gases at standard
conditions (14.73 psia and 60F.), dimensionless.
Ratio of specific heats of gas
Velocity head coefficient, dimensionless
Bernoulli coefficient, I - (d/D )4 , dimensionless
Coefficient of incipient cavitation. [Actually the ratio p/(p1 - pv) at which cavitation
measurably affects the coefficient Cv ], dimensionless
Inlet velocity head coefficient (K1 + KB1 ), dimensionless
Resistance coefficient for inlet fitting, dimensionless
Resistance coefficient for outlet fitting, dimensionless
Molecular weight
Ratio of orifice area to pipe area, dimensionless
Absoulte static pressure, psia
Thermodynamic critical pressure, psia
Reduced pressure, p/ pc , dimensionless
Vapor pressure of liquid at inlet temperature, psia
Volumetric flow rate, gpm or scfh
Valve Reynolds number, dimensionless
Absolute temperature( o F + 460 = o R)
75
Z
(gamma)
(delta)
(mu)
(nu)
(sigma)
Thermodynamic critical temperature, o R

Reduced temperature, T/ Tc , dimensionless
Specific volume, ft 3 /lb.
Average velocity, ft./sec.
Weight rate of flow, lb./hr.
Ratio of pressure drop to absolute inlet static pressure, p / p1 ,dimensionless
Pressure drop ratio factor, dimensionless
Value of XT for valve/fitting assembly, dimensionless
Expansion factor. Ratio of flow coefficient for a gas to that for a liquid at the same Reynolds
number, dimensionless
Compressibility factor, dimensionless
Specific weight(weight per unit volume)lb./ ft 3
Difference(e.g. p = p1 - p2 )
Absolute viscosity, centipoise
Kinematic viscosity, centistokes( /G)
Summation
SUBSCRIPTS
1
2
A
Vc
Upstream
Downstream
Acoustic
Vena contracta
Tc
Tr
v
U
W
X
XT
XTP
76
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Instrument Engineer's Handbook For Control Valve

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Instrument Engineer's Handbook For Control Valve

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Instrument Engineer's Handbook

Revision March 2005

Instrument Engineers Handbook

SECTION 1 How to Size Valves

SECTION 2 Noise Abatement

SECTION 3 Cv and Torque Tables for Valve and Actuator Sizing

SECTION 4 Reference Data

Cv = Flow coefficient required.

Pallow = allowable pressure drop in psi.

(for choked flow)

DETERMINING THE REQUIRED Cv

(for plug valves)

(for butterfly valves)

EXAMPLES FOR LIQUID SIZING

1) Use equation 1-1.0.

CONTROL VALVE SIZING CAVITATING AND FLASHING LIQUIDS

FIGURE 1.2 - CRITICAL PRESSURE RATIOS FOR WATER

Pv = Vapor Pressure (psia)

FIGURE 1.3 CRITICAL PRESSURE RATIOS FOR OTHER LIQUIDS

Pv/Pc Where Pv = Vapor Pressure (psia) and Pc = Critical Pressure (psia)

Where: X, Y, G, CV, and Z are dimensionless

Where: X = P/P1 (P1 in psia)

Xt = From sizing charts (start at Xt = 0.5)

EXAMPLES FOR GAS SIZING

1360 (114.7) (0.83)

Y 0.54 (choked flow) therefore, Y = 0.667

63.3 (0.667) XtP1 W1

Where: Y, X CV are dimensionless

2) Y is greater than 0.667, therefore, use formula

Y 0.524 (choked flow) therefore, Y = 0.667

2) Y is less than 0.667, therefore, use formula 1-3.2.

Y is less than 0.667 (choked flow)

BASIC CALCULATIONS FOR J

Jo = 1.06 for d < 12

Ji = 60.4 x Jk for Jk < 0.1 ; or

Sleeved Plug Valves (standard port only)

Sleeved Plug Valve

Triple Sealed Sleeved Plug Valve

Sleeved Plug Valves (V-port only)

USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH CONCENTRIC REDUCER

Use appropriate torque tables on PREVIOUS page for:

Characteristic Curve for MG Valve with Transflow Plug

Mach 1 Sizing torque.

Sleeved Plug Valves

Flow Coefficient (Cv) for Mach 1, V-Port valves, Port-Seal or Sleeved

Flow Coefficient (Cv) for Mach 1, Standard

Percent of rotation 0-90 degrees

Reduced capacities are calculated for installation with concentric reducers.

Fluorocarbon Lined Plug Valves (standard port only)

USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH CONCENTRIC REDUCERS

Fluorocarbon Lined Plug Valves

Note: For dry services, use slurry torque requirements

Fluorocarbon Lined Plug Valves (V-port only)

USE IN CONJUNCTION WITH CONCENTRIC REDUCERS

See torque tables on pages 37 and 38.

Standard PFA/Viton Seat Only

Shut Off Pressure

Shut Off Pressure

* 5" available in 150# only

Apex, Firesealed, Std. PFA/Inconel and UHMWPE seats Only

Shut Off Pressure (psig)

Shut Off Pressure

* 5" available in 150# only