CHAPTER 3: BIODIVERSITY

Topic 3 Biodiversity

Organisms And Their Classification

Biodiversity Wide variety of organisms on earth.

All living things are known as organisms. Around 10 to 100 million kinds of organisms on earth. Due to many different kinds of climate and habitat.
Example

Habitat Lakes / Ponds Soil Deserts Forest

Biodiversity Fish, Amoeba, prawns Earthworms, ants, scorpians Camels, cactus, lizards Tigers, monkey, Rafflesia

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Topik 3 Biodiversiti

Organisma Dan Pengelasannya

Biodiversiti Pelbagai jenis organisma di Bumi.

Semua benda hidup dikenali sebagai organisma. Terdapat 10 hingga 100 juta organisma di Bumi. Wujud disebabkan pelbagai jenis iklim dan habitat.
Contoh

Habitat Tasik / Kolam Tanah Gurun Hutan

Biodiversiti Ikan, Ameba, Udang Cacing tanah, Semut, Kala jengking Unta, Kaktus, cicak Harimau, Monyet, Rafflesia

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Topic 3 Biodiversity

Organisms And Their Classification

Organisms

with Backbones (10%)

Vertebrates

Animals

without Backbones (90%)

Invertebrates Flowering

Plants

Non-flowering

Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

With jointed legs 3 pairs of legs 4 pairs of legs More than 4 pairs of legs

Without jointed legs Wormlike Not wormlike

Monocotyledon

With seed

Without seed

Dicotyledon Conifers Mosses

Algae

Ferns

ITeach Science Form 2

Topik 3 Biodiversiti

Organisma Dan Pengelasannya

Organisma

Bertulang belakang (10%)

Vertebrata

Haiwan

Tanpa tulang belakang (90%)

Invertebrata Berbunga

Tumbuhan

Tidak berbunga Tanpa biji

Ikan Amfibia Reptilia Burung Mamalia

Kaki bersendi 3 pasang kaki 4 pasang kaki Lebih daripada 4 pasang kaki

Tanpa kaki bersendi Seperti cacing Tidak seperti cacing

Monokotiledon Berbiji Dikotiledon Konifer

Lumut

Alga Pakupakis

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Topic 3 Biodiversity

Organisms And Their Classification

Invertebrates With Jointed Legs More than 4 pairs of legs Centipede , prawn, crab

3 pairs of legs Fly, beetle, cricket

4 pairs of legs Scorpion, spider

Example Invertebrates

Invertebrates Without Jointed Legs

Worm-like

Not worm-like

Example

Earthworm, Flatworm

Starfish, Snail, jellyfish

ITeach Science Form 2

Topik 3 Biodiversiti

Organisma Dan Pengelasannya

Invertebrata Dengan Kaki Bersendi Lebih daripada 4 pasang kaki Lipan, udang, ketam

3 pasang kaki Lalat, kumbang, cengkerik

4 pasang kaki Kala jengking, labahlabah

Contoh Invertebrata

Invertebrata Tanpa Kaki Bersendi

Seperti cacing

Tidak seperti cacing Tapak sulaiman, siput, ubur-ubur

Contoh

Cacing tanah, cacing pipih

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Topic 3 Biodiversity

Organisms And Their Classification

Classification Of Animals
Fish Habitat Body covered Reproduction Blood type Fertilisation Others Water Amphibions Land and water Land and watermoist skin Lay eggs (without shell) Cold blooded External Reptiles Land and water Scaly skin Lay eggs (with shells) Cold blooded Internal Have sharp teeth Tortoise, snake Birds Land Mammals Land except whales and dolphins Hair / fur Give birth to young Warm blooded Internal Females have mammary glands Orang utan, elephant

Slimy scales Lay eggs (without shell) Cold blooded External Have fin, tails

Feathers Lay eggs (with shells) Warm blooded Internal Have toothless beak Parrot, pigeon

Example

Goldfish

Toad

ITeach Science Form 2

Topik 3 Biodiversiti

Organisma Dan Pengelasannya

Pengelasan Haiwan
Ikan Habitat Badan diliputi Pembiakan Jenis darah Persenyawaan Lain-lain Air Sisik berlendir Bertelur (tanpa cengkerang) Berdarah sejuk Luar Ada sirip, ekor Ikan emas Amfibia Darat dan air Reptilia Darat dan air Burung Darat Bulu pelepah Bertelur (dengan cengkerang) Berdarah panas Dalam Paruh tanpa gigi Burung nuri, merpati Mamalia Darat kecuali ikan paus dan lumba-lumba Rambut atau bulu Melahirkan anak Berdarah panas Dalam Betina ada kelenjar susu Orang utan, gajah

Kulit lembap Bertelur (tanpa cengkerang) Berdarah sejuk Luar -

Kulit bersisik Bertelur (dengan cengkerang) Berdarah sejuk Dalam Gigi tajam Kura-kura, ular

Contoh

Katak

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Topic 3 Biodiversity

Organisms And Their Classification

Flowering Plants

Monocotyledon Number of cotyledon Veins Roots Bundles Stems Example NumberExample of cotyledon Veins Bundles Stems Roots One Monocotyledons Monocotyledons Paralled veins

Dicotyledon Two Dicotyledons Dicotyledons Network veins

Non-woodyroots Parallel veins Fibrous root Scattered bundles Herbaceous plants One Fibrous stems - maize Scattered bundles - banana Non-woody stems
Herbaceous plants - maize - banana

Trees, Tap roots shrubs Circled bundles Networkstems Woody veins Two Tap roots - papaya Circled bundles - balsam
Woody stems Trees, shrubs - papaya - balsam

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Topik 3 Biodiversiti

Organisma Dan Pengelasannya

Tumbuhan Berbunga Monokotiledon Bilangan kotiledon Urat Akar Berkas Batang Contoh Bilangan kotiledon Batang Berkas Akar Contoh Urat Satu Urat selari Monokotiledon Monokotiledon Akar serabut Dikotiledon Dua Urat jejala Dikotiledon Dikotiledon Akar tunjang

Akar berselerak BerkasSatu Batangselari lembut PokokUratserabut herba Berkas berselerak - jagung Batanglembut pisang -Pokok herba
- jagung - pisang

Pokok, pokok renek Berkas dalam bulatan Batangtunjang AkarDua berkayu Urat jejala Berkas dalam bulatan - betik Batang berkayu - keembung
Pokok, pokok renek - betik - keembung

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Topic 3 Biodiversity

Organisms And Their Classification

Non-Flowering Plants With Seeds Without Seeds

Conifers Have true roots, stems Reproduced seeds Example - pine - casuarina by Stem Leaves Roots Habitat Spore capsule Reproduce by Example
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Ferns

Mosses

Algae NO NO

NO
Moist and shady places on land Moist and shady places on land spore Moss, liver orth

NO
Water and moist places on land binary fission Spiro yra, sea al ae

spore Leaf

Topik 3 Biodiversiti

Organisma Dan Pengelasannya

Tumbuhan Tidak Berbunga Berbiji Tanpa biji

Konifer Mempunyai akar dan batang sebenar Membiak melalui biji benih dalam kon Contoh - pokok pain - pokok ru Batang Daun Akar Habitat Membiak melalui Contoh

Paku-pakis

Lumut

Alga NO NO

NO
Lembap dan redup di darat Lembap dan redup di darat

NO
Barair dan lembap di darat Belahan dedua Spirogira, alga laut

Kapsul spora

Spora Pakis tanduk rusa

Spora
Lumut, lumut hati

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2

Topic 3 Biodiversity

Organisms And Their Classification

Source of food Importance of Biodiversity

Source of air

Source of material

Source of clean water

Source of medicine

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Topik 3 Biodiversiti

Organisma Dan Pengelasannya

Sumber makanan Kepentingan Biodiversiti

Sumber udara

Sumber bahan

Sumber air bersih

Sumber ubat

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Topic 3 Biodiversity

Organisms And Their Classification

Maintaining Biodiversity

Conduct campaigns to create awareness

Exploit resources wisely

Enforce laws and legislation

Establish natural reserves

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Topik 3 Biodiversiti

Organisma Dan Pengelasannya

Mengekalkan Biodiversiti

Menganjurkan kempen kesedaran

Menggunakan sumber semulajadi dengan betul

Menguatkuasakan undang-undang

Mewujudkan hutan simpan

ITeach Sains Tingkatan 2