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Engr 2110 Introduction To Material Science - Ch1
Engr 2110 Introduction To Material Science - Ch1
Attendance is your job come to class! Final is Common Time Monday or Tuesday
Pop Quizzes and homework/Chapter Reviews (Ch 17/18) (20% of your grade!) Dont copy from others; dont plagiarize its just the right thing to do!!
It all about the raw materials and how they are processed That is why we call it materials ENGINEERING Minor differences in Raw materials or processing parameters can mean major changes in the performance of the final material or product
Our Text:
Material Science and Engineering An Introduction by William D. Callister, Jr
Seventh Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Materials Science
The discipline of investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. The discipline of designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties based on established structure-property correlation.
Materials Engineering
Special rocks, skins, wood Casting and forging High Temperature furnaces High Strength Alloys Aluminum, Titanium and Nickel (superalloys) aerospace Silicon Information Plastics and Composites food preservation, housing, aerospace and higher speeds Nano-Material and bio-Materials they are coming and then
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Steel Age
Doing Materials!
Our Role in Engineering Materials then is to understand the application and specify the appropriate material to do the job as a function of:
* Economic and Environmental Factors often are the most important when making the final decision!
Strength: yield and ultimate Ductility, flexibility Weight/density Working Environment Cost: Lifecycle expenses, Environmental impact*
With age or certain illnesses joints deteriorate. Particularly those with large loads (such as hip).
Adapted from Fig. 22.25, Callister 7e.
Requirements
fixation agent to hold acetabular cup cup lubrication material femoral stem fixing agent (glue) must avoid any debris in cup Must hold up in body chemistry Must be strong yet flexible
Femor al Stem
Introduction
Introduction, cont.
Metals
Polymers
Steel, Cast Iron, Aluminum, Copper, Titanium, many others Glass, Concrete, Brick, Alumina, Zirconia, SiN, SiC
Plastics, Wood, Cotton (rayon, nylon), glue Glass Fiberreinforced polymers, Carbon Fiber-reinforced polymers, Metal Matrix Composites, etc.
Composites
Ceramics
Metals:
Soft, ductile, low strength, low density thermal & electrical insulators Optically translucent or transparent.
Ceramics: ionic bonding (refractory) compounds of metallic & non-metallic elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)
2. Properties 3. Material
Processing: changes structure and overall shape ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping forming, joining, annealing.
But:
600
(d)
Hardness (BHN)
30 m
And
At h1, L1
At h2, L2
Resistivity,
(10-8 Ohm-m)
4 3 2 1 0
Cu
.3 +3
t %N a
Adapted from Fig. 18.8, Callister 7e. (Fig. 18.8 adapted from: J.O. Linde, Ann Physik 5, 219 (1932); and C.A. Wert and R.M. Thomson, Physics of Solids, 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill Company, New York, 1970.)
-200
-100
T (C)
THERMAL Properties
Space Shuttle Tiles:
--Silica fiber insulation offers low heat conduction.
Thermal Conductivity
of Copper: --It decreases when you add zinc!
400 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 Composition (wt% Zinc)
100 m
Adapted from Fig. 19.4W, Callister 6e. (Courtesy of Lockheed Aerospace Ceramics Systems, Sunnyvale, CA) (Note: "W" denotes fig. is on CD-ROM.)
Adapted from Fig. 19.4, Callister 7e. (Fig. 19.4 is adapted from Metals Handbook: Properties and Selection: Nonferrous alloys and Pure Metals, Vol. 2, 9th ed., H. Baker, (Managing Editor), American Society for Metals, 1979, p. 315.)
MAGNETIC Properties
Magnetic Storage:
--Recording medium is magnetized by recording head.
Magnetic Permeability
vs. Composition:
--Adding 3 atomic % Si makes Fe a better recording medium!
Magnetization
Fe+3%Si Fe
Magnetic Field
Fig. 20.23, Callister 7e. (Fig. 20.23 is from J.U. Lemke, MRS Bulletin, Vol. XV, No. 3, p. 31, 1990.)
Adapted from C.R. Barrett, W.D. Nix, and A.S. Tetelman, The Principles of Engineering Materials, Fig. 1-7(a), p. 9, 1973. Electronically reproduced by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
DETERIORATIVE Properties
Stress & Saltwater...
--causes cracks!
10-10
increasing load
Adapted from Fig. 11.20(b), R.W. Hertzberg, "Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials" (4th ed.), p. 505, John Wiley and Sons, 1996. (Original source: Markus O. Speidel, Brown Boveri Co.)
--material:
Adapted from chapter-opening photograph, Chapter 17, Callister 7e. (from Marine Corrosion, Causes, and Prevention, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1975.)
4 m
Course Goal is to make you aware of the importance of Material Selection by:
Using the right material for the job.
one that is most economical and Greenest when life usage is considered
Understanding the relation between