PA RT

Cooling Load Rules of Thumb

H V A C E Q U AT I O N S , D ATA , A N D R U L E S O F T H U M B

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6.01 Offices, Commercial
A. General:

PA RT 6

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Total Heat 300400 Sq.Ft./Ton; Total Heat 3040 Btuh/Sq.Ft.; Room Sens. Heat 2528 Btuh/Sq.Ft.; SHR 0.750.93 Perimeter Spaces 1.03.0 CFM/Sq.Ft. Interior Spaces 0.51.5 CFM/Sq.Ft. Building Block CFM 1.01.5 CFM/Sq.Ft. Air Change Rate 410 AC/Hr.

(Range 230520) (Range 2352) (Range 1937)

B. Large, Perimeter:

1. Total Heat 2. Total Heat

225275 Sq.Ft./Ton 4353 Btuh/Sq.Ft.

C. Large, Interior:

1. Total Heat 2. Total Heat

D. Small:

300350 Sq.Ft./Ton 3440 Btuh/Sq.Ft.

1. Total Heat 2. Total Heat

325375 Sq.Ft./Ton 3237 Btuh/Sq.Ft.

6.02 Banks, Court Houses, Municipal Buildings, Town Halls

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR E. Air Change Rate 200250 Sq.Ft./Ton (Range 160340) 4860 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 2838 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.750.90 410 AC/Hr. (Range 3575) (Range 2148)

6.03 Police Stations, Fire Stations, Post Offices

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR E. Air Change Rate 250350 Sq.Ft./Ton 3448 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 2535 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.750.90 410 AC/Hr. (Range 200400) (Range 3060) (Range 2040)

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6.04 Precision Manufacturing

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR E. Air Change Rate 50300 Sq.Ft./Ton 40240 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 32228 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.800.95 1050 AC/Hr.

6.05 Computer Rooms

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR E. Air Flow F. Air Change Rate 50150 Sq.Ft./Ton 80240 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 64228 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.800.95 2.04.0 CFM/Sq.Ft. 1520 AC/Hr.

6.06 Restaurants
A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR E. Air Flow F. Air Change Rate 100250 Sq.Ft./Ton (Range 75300)

48120 Btuh/Sq.Ft. (Range 40155) 2162 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.650.80 1.54.0 CFM/Sq.Ft. 812 AC/Hr. (Range 2080)

6.07 Kitchens (Depends Primarily on Kitchen Equipment)

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR E. Air Flow F. Air Change Rate 150350 Sq.Ft./Ton 3480 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 2056 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.600.70 1.52.5 CFM/Sq.Ft. 1215 AC/Hr. (At 85F. Space) (At 85F. Space) (At 85F. Space)

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6.08 Cocktail Lounges, Bars, Taverns, Clubhouses, Nightclubs
A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR E. Spaces F. Air Change Rate 150200 Sq.Ft./Ton (Range 75300) 6080 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 2740 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.650.80 1.54.0 CFM/Sq.Ft. 1520 AC/Hr. Cocktail Lounges, Bars, Taverns, Clubhouses Night Clubs (Range 40155) (Range 2080)

PA RT 6

G. Air Change Rate

2030 AC/Hr.

6.09 Hospital Patient Rooms, Nursing Home Patient Rooms

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR 250300 Sq.Ft./Ton 4048 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 3246 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.750.85 (Range 200400) (Range 3060) (Range 2550)

6.10 Buildings w/100% OA Systems (i.e., Laboratories, Hospitals)

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat 100300 Sq.Ft./Ton 40120 Btuh/Sq.Ft.

6.11 Medical/Dental Centers, Clinics, and Offices

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR E. Air Change Rate 250300 Sq.Ft./Ton 4048 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 3246 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.750.85 812 AC/Hr. (Range 200400) (Range 3060) (Range 2550)

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6.12 Residential
A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR 500700 Sq.Ft./Ton 1724 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 1220 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.800.95

6.13 Apartments (Eff., 1 Room, 2 Room)

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR 350450 Sq.Ft./Ton (Range 300500) 2734 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 2230 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.800.95 (Range 2440) (Range 2035)

6.14 Motel and Hotel Public Spaces

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR 250300 Sq.Ft./Ton 4048 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 3246 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.750.90 (Range 160375) (Range 3274) (Range 2560)

6.15 Motel and Hotel Guest Rooms, Dormitories

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR 400500 Sq.Ft./Ton 2430 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 2025 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.800.95 (Range 300600) (Range 2040) (Range 1535)

6.16 School Classrooms

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR E. Air Change Rate 225275 Sq.Ft./Ton 4353 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 2542 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.650.80 412 AC/Hr. (Range 150350) (Range 3580) (Range 2065)

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6.17 Dining Halls, Lunch Rooms, Cafeterias, Luncheonettes
A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR E. Spaces F. Air Change Rate 100250 Sq.Ft./Ton 48120 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 2162 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.650.80 1.54.0 CFM/Sq.Ft. 1215 AC/Hr. (Range 75300) (Range 40155) (Range 2080)

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6.18 Libraries, Museums

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR E. Air Change Rate 250350 Sq.Ft./Ton 3448 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 2232 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.800.90 812 AC/Hr. (Range 160400) (Range 3075) (Range 2050)

6.19 Retail, Department Stores

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR E. Air Change Rate 200300 Sq.Ft./Ton 4060 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 3243 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.650.90 610 AC/Hr. (Range 200500) (Range 2460) (Range 1643)

6.20 Drug, Shoe, Dress, Jewelry, Beauty, Barber, and Other Shops
A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR E. Air Change Rate 175225 Sq.Ft./Ton 5369 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 2354 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.650.90 610 AC/Hr. (Range 100350) (Range 35115) (Range 1590)

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6.21 Supermarkets
A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR E. Air Change Rate 250350 Sq.Ft./Ton 3448 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 2540 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.650.85 410 AC/Hr. (Range 150400) (Range 3080) (Range 2267)

6.22 Malls, Shopping Centers

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR E. Air Change Rate 150350 Sq.Ft./Ton 3480 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 2567 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.650.85 610 AC/Hr. (Range 150400) (Range 3080) (Range 2267)

6.23 Jails
A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR 350450 Sq.Ft./Ton 2734 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 2230 Btuh/Sq.Ft. 0.800.95 (Range 300500) (Range 2440) (Range 2035)

6.24 Auditoriums, Theaters

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR E. Air Flow F. Air Change Rate 0.050.07 Tons/Seat 600840 Btuh/Seat 325385 Btuh/Seat 0.650.75 1530 CFM/Seat 815 AC/Hr.

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6.25 Churches
A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Room Sens. Heat D. SHR E. Air Flow F. Air Change Rate 0.040.06 Tons/Seat 480720 Btuh/Seat 260330 Btuh/Seat 0.650.75 1530 CFM/Seat 815 AC/Hr.

PA RT 6

6.26 Bowling Alleys

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Air Change Rate 1.52.5 Tons/Alley 18,00030,000 Btuh/Alley 1015 AC/Hr.

6.27 All Spaces

A. Total Heat B. Total Heat C. Perimeter Spaces D. Interior Spaces E. Building Block CFM F. Air Change Rate 300500 CFM/Ton @ 20F. T 400 CFM/Ton 20% @ 20F. T

1.03.0 CFM/Sq.Ft. 0.51.5 CFM/Sq.Ft. 1.01.5 CFM/Sq.Ft. 4 AC/Hr. Minimum

Total heat includes ventilation. Room sensible heat does not include ventilation.

6.28 Cooling Load Calculation Procedure

A. Obtain building characteristics:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Materials Size Color Shape Location Orientation, N, S, E, W, NE, SE, SW, NW, etc. External/Internal shading Occupancy type and time of day

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B. Select outdoor design weather conditions:

1. Temperature 2. Wind direction and speed 3. Conditions in selecting outdoor design weather conditions: a. Type of structure, heavy, medium or light b. Is structure insulated? c. Is structure exposed to high wind? d. Infiltration or ventilation load e. Amount of glass f. Time of building occupancy g. Type of building occupancy h. Length of reduced indoor temperature i. What is daily temperature range, minimum/maximum? j. Are there significant variations from ASHRAE weather data? k. What type of heating devices will be used? l. Expected cost of fuel 4. See Part 16, Energy Conservation and Design Conditions, for code restrictions on selection of outdoor design conditions.
C. Select indoor design temperature to be maintained in each space. See Part 16, Energy Conservation and Design Conditions, for code restrictions on selection of indoor design conditions. D. Estimate temperatures in un-conditioned spaces. E. Select and/or compute U-values for walls, roof, windows, doors, partitions, etc. F. Determine area of walls, windows, floors, doors, partitions, etc. G. Compute conduction heat gains for all walls, windows, floors, doors, partitions, skylights, etc. H. Compute solar heat gains for all walls, windows, floors, doors, partitions, skylights, etc. I. Infiltration heat gains are generally ignored unless space temperature and humidity tolerance are critical. J. Compute ventilation heat gain required. K. Compute internal heat gains from lights, people, and equipment. L. Compute sum of all heat gains indicated in items G, H, I, J, and K above M. Include morning cool-down for buildings with intermittent use and night set up. See Part 16, Energy Conservation and Design Conditions, for code restrictions on excess HVAC system capacity permitted for morning cool-down. N. Consider equipment and materials which will be brought into building above inside design temperature. O. Cooling load calculations should be conducted using industry accepted methods to determine actual cooling load requirements.

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6.29 Cooling Load Peak Time Estimate

PA RT 6

Notes: 1. Percent glass is percentage of gross wall area for the particular exposure. 2. Shading coefficient refers to the overall shading coefficient. Shading coefficient of 0.4 is approximately equal to double pane glass with heat absorbing plate out and regular plate in, combined with medium color venetian blinds. 3. Although the room peak for south, southeast, and southwest exposures is September or later, the system peak will more than likely be in July. 4. Value for overhang is the ratio of the depth of the overhang to height of the window with the overhang at the same elevation as the top of the window. 5. The roof will peak in June or July.