THEORY >Product of knowledge >A set of assumptions, propositions, or accepted facts thatattempts to provide a plausible or rational explanation of cause-and-effect

t (causal) relationships among a group of observed phenomenon. The word's origin (from the Greekthors, a spectator), stresses the fact that all theories aremental models of the perceived reality. Relationship Between Theory and Research y Research without theory results in discreet information or data which does not add to the accumulated knowledge of the discipline. y Theory guides the research process, forms the research questions, aids in design, analysis and interpretation. y It enables the scientist to weave the facts together. y The relationship is direct and positive y The choice of a research design depends on the question asked and the current state of theory development. (Kaiser Permanente, 2009) y Theory and its associated research design may be o Descriptive o Correlational o Experimental The practice of nursing is based on various nursing theories. Applicable theories come together in patient care and are collectively known as "evidence based practice." This allows nurses to look at each patient individually, and make use of their clinical experience and education to make treatment decisions.

Purpose
y

The purpose of nursing theories in practice is to help nurses understand, treat, and predict outcomes for patients in their care. Theories help establish the procedures and standards of care for nurses. Every state has a Nurse Practice Act, which defines the procedures nurses can perform. However, it does not describe how a nurse should approach or organize care for each patient. Nurses use a variety of theories to determine the best approaches for each situation.

Types
y

There are four main types of nursing theories.

1. 2.

Descriptive theories use facts and variables to analyze progress and direct nurses to outcomes. Explanatory theories assign treatment based on a patient's existing well-being. around these outcomes.

3. Predictive theories use the typical disease progression to predict outcomes, and base treatment 4. Prescriptive theories puts into practice the nurse-to-patient relationship and uses it as a means of

therapy and treatment.