13.

(a) These light contains respective gas in bulbs

1
- Atoms of gas get excited by electric discharge
- Electrons of the excited atoms returns to lower energy state and gives off energy 1
- There photons emit light according to the wavelength and types of gas in the 1
bulb

(b) Line emission spectrum

A series of bright lines of various colours/frequencies/wavelengths on a generally dark

background 1

Line absorption spectrum

A spectrum consisting of a series of dark lines superimposed on continuous spectrum 1

(c) (i) Consists of an electron revolving around (1) a positively charged nucleus/proton where the
nucleus is much heavier 1

e–

proton

(ii) Bohr’s postulate (Any two)

(1) Electron moves in certain allowed orbits (stable states) where the total
energy of the atom remains constant 1

(2) The angular momentum of the electon around the allowed orbit is quantized which in an
nh
interger multiple of 1
2
nh
Or L = nh or L=
2