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5000 - m2 .
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/ 1 304 000[5].
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. 1000 km,
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V t0
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. 12
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-;
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3.
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1958. [9]
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1958 .

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1016 1018 -3, 1021 1022,
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Si .
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.

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.15

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. - - . ,
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.20
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.24
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T ; [T] = K = -273,15C;
e e = 1,60217733 10-19 As.

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.27
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. .
=430W/m2, T=300 K (=26,850).

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30 W,
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I SU;

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-
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I);
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m - ,
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I :
Id = IIs(eu/m-1)
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- ,
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- .
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I = 0 .

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R = Um/Im.
,
(). Pmax,

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,
, :
,%

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.
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W/m2];
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0

C];

R[?];
.
-
. 1010 cm (
100 cm2), 1,3 1,5 W, 0,5
3 amps ,

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.31

.32

.33

1000Wm-2 .[9] .31 ,


.

500Wm-2.[11]
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80%. , .
.
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.
- :[11]

0,35 - 0,45 %
1, , 300,
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, . .
- , .. U.
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, ,
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[4].
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) .

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, :
( ,
n );
Rs ( ), ;
(
R-).

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.35
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, 15%.

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-, - .
18%, 14% . -
- (GaAs) .
. 25%
.. 1000Wm-2, 28%
. GaAs
30%.

( )
.

(gF).
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3.2.1.
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G = 1000W//m2, ... 13 - 16 %,
, .
,
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15 % ,
(85%) .
.
,

.

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,
, .. .
, .
, ,
, .

. , 30%
, .
5%.
.
CuSe2 ,
CuInSe2, TiO2,
, Gs,
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(I). -
.
...
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- 0,5 V. ,
.
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I1=I2= I36,
:

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. - 0,5V 20V.[11

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.37

.38

12 V 30
40 . 50 W 40100 .
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.
, .40 , .41
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.

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.40

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, ,

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.
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U2
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- . .

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,
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1010 , , .. 75%.
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1b. -

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.42
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.

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; 2
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. [9]

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.44
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.45
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.
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.47

. 48

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.51

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. (.55)
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. [12][14]

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.54

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... .

.56
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.

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40% .

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.
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, ,
3 10 .
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.
.58.

.58

.59

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-
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10% 20%,
80% .
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,
. ,
. - , -
.
.59.
, .
- .
. 80%,
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15.9.2010 . 14:02

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,
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, (.60)
.

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.

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.61
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.

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.63. ,
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.63
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5 - 10%,
.
, ,
.
,
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.
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, , .
- . 64.
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.64

.65

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.

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300 11V. .65.

, . .

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:
.

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,

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,
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.

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.
50
W ? 11000 W , - 500 W - 4000
W. - 12 ,
- 24 48 .
3.2.5.
:
;

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- .
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.

.74
,
,
.
.75 , .

.

.75

, .

15.9.2010 . 14:02

Diplom

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.74
.75.
, -
, 50MW
2003.[9]
.
,

. .76
, .77 .

.76

.77

4.

4.1.

, ,

15.9.2010 . 14:02

Diplom

56 of 70

http://vanig.hit.bg/diploma/diploma.html

. ,
-,
.
,
.
,
,
, ,
, .
,
. ,
, ,
? .
1, ,
I = 1353 W/m2.
, ,

, ,
, .
? = 0,29 ?
2,5 m.
. - ,
- . , ,
. .2
,
.
.2

II

III

IV

VI

VII

VIII

IX

XI

XII

64

76

115

177

224

258

206

293

223

147

58

52

2005

44

90

94

116

149

181

219

258

281

213

157

90

80

1894

42

70

91

132

194

240

282

320

308

234

166

82

59

2178

49

68

90

133

190

226

265

308

300

234

178

87

62

2141

48

98

105

137

141

149

168

227

243

199

170

119

92

1848

42

81

101

135

180

228

271

309

307

237

177

99

75

2190

49

79

97

136

168

196

243

297

292

222

160

99

75

2065

46

60

78

128

187

245

267

316

295

234

174

81

55

2120

47

64

73

120

174

232

258

307

296

225

162

78

56

2074

46

15.9.2010 . 14:02

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79

99

139

182

234

283

318

302

245

176

95

72

2204

50

84

97

138

185

256

289

339

315

235

183

92

73

2286

51

80

85

124

173

235

293

338

315

241

178

94

70

2227

50

81

92

133

182

230

261

315

303

235

175

93

72

2172

49

84

90

120

163

219

270

317

297

222

164

91

67

2094

47

88

95

135

183

245

281

335

319

246

184

100

71

2275

51

58

79

120

166

231

174

327

310

233

157

78

49

2082

47

73

84

120

175

228

292

343

323

230

160

97

67

2192

47

74

92

140

193

246

268

329

323

252

175

95

72

2259

51

70

97

136

185

241

268

329

328

246

175

93

65

2233

50

90

110

141

189

213

244

296

293

238

177

100

79

2186

49

80

107

144

202

232

271

322

310

249

176

98

77

2268

51

69

99

142

195

234

262

325

320

252

168

86

59

2211

50

79

109

146

191

225

281

322

318

250

167

103

78

2249

51

78

106

133

179

202

233

300

303

237

166

101

77

2115

48

155

127

155

178

202

220

270

289

225

173

124

111

2169

48

74

96

130

192

226

258

318

308

231

160

94

70

2159

49

83

110

150

192

232

282

321

299

261

178

98

78

2284

51

95

156

203

228

264

324

313

259

185

104

91

83

2338

52

90

112

154

180

204

234

294

304

236

163

105

81

2157

48

84

109

140

187

215

255

318

307

241

165

99

79

2199

49

99

128

157

194

216

250

305

304

240

183

110

87

2271

54

108

131

167

296

254

292

335

331

264

199

118

91

2506

56

87

110

149

183

218

245

302

293

240

186

97

72

2176

49

81

109

148

186

216

265

312

294

245

178

93

78

2195

49

72

94

131

174

205

236

286

264

226

162

84

63

2017

45

62

92

122

189

204

250

29

295

223

189

82

56

2021

45

63

85

126

182

198

246

298

303

231

146

68

47

1978

44

48

95

134

175

199

240

282

284

233

165

88

57

2015

45

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87

87

116

132

161

204

264

271

209

169

94

81

1866

42

94

111

134

179

203

240

299

300

234

169

102

91

2156

43

94

110

142

140

143

170

226

248

206

180

120

103

1809

43

94

92

122

149

186

219

276

287

223

169

96

83

1998

45

,
. , . , . , .
, . . .
- -
(.. ,
=42..)
.
.
4.2
.2
- , -
. -
. 1
- ,
-
. .78 , .80
, :
1 ;
2 ;
3 ;
4 ;
5 .

15.9.2010 . 14:02

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. 78
, ,
. .80 , ,
.
1010, 430.
2,6. 10,
430, - ,
9,3.
1013,7, , 0,5.
.79.
, ..
, .
- ,
, .

15.9.2010 . 14:02

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.79

.80


. .
,
. ,
.
, - -
.
- ,
.

15.9.2010 . 14:02

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,
, - .
, , 20 l
3 .
, ,
, (),
. ,
.
, .81 .
, .

.

.81
4.3
, :
1. ;
2. 100
1, ;
3. ;
4. ;
5. () ,
;
6. ( 50-100 1
);
7. ,

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.
.
, 400 1 .
450, 600.
120.
, - ,
.
ECOSTAR/UROSTAR

,
. .
, ,
. .
, ,
, .
, ,
1000.
, .
-
.
, TINOX
, -. , 95%
5% .

,
. UF Solar -,
,
.
,
.
,
, .
1,98 1,16 0,11 m, 2,3 m2.
2,1 m2.
10 2000.
UF Solar .
,
.[7]
VACCUSTAR CPC
. -
ECOSTAR.

15.9.2010 . 14:02

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:
(CPC Compound
Parabolic Concentrator) .
,
. 14
21 . U- ,
, .
, .
U- .
,
.

. ,
.
- - ,
,
,
.
2,2 3,3 m2.
,
. ,
( 100 l 550 ) 2,4 3
m2 ECOSTAR. VACCUSTAR CPC
30%.
100 l ,
.

10 m2 400 l
450.[7]

.
, (
), 30 .
20-600.
,
.
.
, .

.
, - .

.
.

15.9.2010 . 14:02

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, .
,
,
, .
, -
VACCUSTAR CPC, 3 3,32,
9,92. 2,351,41.
, ,
20 25 2,
.
400 1 450.
, .
EUROHEAT E.
,
.
.
, .
.
10 5 .
, .
,

. EUROHEAT E 400 1.
, ,
UFE SOLAR-Control C

. -

. 5-80 ,
2-30 .
, .
4.4


.3. ,
. - , ,

, .. . ,
.

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.3

..
.
0

. . . . . .


kWh kWh kWh kWh
kWh kWh kWh
18? 23

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

0? 24

0,82

0,82

0,82

0,82

0,82

0,82

0,82

17? 23

0,2

0,2

0,2

0,2

0,2

0,2

0,2

12? 13

0,79

0,79

12? 1215

0,4

0,4

0,5

0,5

1230? 13
8? 17

0,2

0,2

0,2

0,2

0,2

0,2

0,2

8? 18

18? 1830

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

3,62

3,72

3,62

3,72

3,22

12 25W, 5
15W. 375W,
- , , , (
)
0,1kWh, .. 5 e 0,5kWh.
Zanussi, ZC202R, 0,82 kWh/24h,
205 ., 20 .
Sony, V-29FH30, 36 W. 6
0,2 kWh.
Electrolux, ELX 1170, 0,79 kWh, 45 .,
1100 ./. 3,5 . . 0,79 kWh ,
.[15] -
, .. .
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Elite, EVC-2007, 1200 W, 350 W.


.
Tefal, Supergliss 10, 1400 W.
- .
Universum, CRT 1191U, , .
8 W, 12 W.
150Wh.
2. .
50 W, ,
. UFE SOLAR-Control C
.
1 kWh.
. - ,
.
, .,
- .
. , ,
. ,
, .
,
-.
. 25,9 kWh.

.
4kWh . , -
(4kWh), 3,4kWh.
. 3,7kWh.
3,2kWh, 4,5kWh,
6,2kWh.[23] .
- 0,82 .
250 -
. ...
.

- . , = 0,9 ? 0,95.
max (kWp) :

15.9.2010 . 14:02

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: [kWh/d];
Isl - e 1 [kW/m2];
P .
:

... 90%,
... 90%, , ... 90%.
. ..
h =0,90,90,9=0,73%. -
:

PWX 200 max = 20,6 W


450 max = 22 W 250 U = 12 V.
:

PWX 200 0,750,390,06.


0,292. , 70.,
S=0,2970=20,3m2.
12 ,
.
Photowatt. Te b =
50% .. h =90%. 4-5
. :
= 5 3700 Wh = 18500 Wh

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Photowatt 3200Ah, 3500


15% 2000 50%. ,
, :


, .
:

4,1kW,
, .
.82 .

.
. .
-
. 0,5 ,
1,7.
.83
.
,

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.82
.83
.4
.4

VACCUSTAR CPC

EUROHEAT E

3 .
1. 400 1.

2.

UFE SOLAR-Control C

1.

PWX 200

0,750,390,06,
U=12V, Pmax=22W
70.

Photowatt

=3200Ah, 1.

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PWR 500

1.

5.


.
.

. :
,
.

.

.

.
, .

.
, .
.
10 15 kWh, a
20 25 .
, ,
.

15.9.2010 . 14:02

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