Hildegard Peplau

BACKGROUND
Hilda Peplau was born September 1, 1909, in reading Pennsylvania. As a child, she witnessed the devastating flu epidemic of 1918. y This personal experience greatly influenced her understanding of the impact of illness and death on families. Peplau began her career in nursing in 1931 as a graduate of the Pottstown Hospital School of Nursing in Pennsylvania. She then worked as a staff nurse in Pennsylvania and new York City. y Peplau vigorously advocated that nurses should become further educated so they could provide truly therapeutic care to patients rather than the custodial care that was prevalent in the mental hospital of that era.
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INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS IN NURSING - (1952)

Stated the need to emphasize importance of nurse patient relationship in providing health care y March 7, 1999 died at the age of 89 y Psychiatric nurse of the century
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PSYCHODYNAMIC NURSING

Peplau defines psychodynamic nursing because her model evolves through this type of nursing. y Psychodynamic nursing is being able to understand ones own behavior to help others identify felt difficulties, and to apply principles of human relations to the problems that arise at all levels of experience.

MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS

The kind of person the nurse becomes makes a substantial difference in what each patient will learn as he receives nursing care. Fostering personality development toward maturity is a function of nursing and nursing education. Nursing uses principles and methods that guide the process toward resolution of interpersonal problems.

4 Phases of Interpersonal Theory

1. Orientation y The initial interaction between the nurse and the patient y The patient has a felt need and expresses the desire for professional assistance y The nurse assists the patient in recognizing and understanding the patient experience 2. Identification y Both nurse and patient explore the experience and the needs of the patient which leads to a feeling of relatedness y The nurse assist the client in re orienting his feelings and sustaining a constant positive environment

3. exploitation y The patient derives the full value of the relationship as he moves on from dependent role to independent role y New goals are projected by the nurse, but the power is shifted on the patient 4. Resolution y The patient earns independence over his care as he puts aside old goals and formulates a new one

Nursing Roles
1. Role of a Stranger the nurse and patient are strangers to each other - as the nurse attempts to know the patient better, she must treat him with utmost courtesy and due respect over his individuality. 2. Role of the Resource Person the nurse provides information 3. Teaching Role 4. Leadership Role 5. Surrogate Role 6. Counselling Role

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INTERPERSONAL THERAPEUTIC PROCESS aim : patient to become receptive for the therapy

Psychological Mothering

METAPARADIGM
Nursing Nursing described as a significant, therapeutic, interpersonal process. Person Peplau defines person in terms of man. Man is an organism that lives in an unstable equilibrium. Health Peplau defines health as a word symbol that implies forward movement of personality and other ongoing human processes in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal, and community living. Environment forces outside the organism and in the context of the socially approved way of living from which vital human social process are derived such as norms, customs and beliefs