CHAPTER 8 MODIFIED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS 1. What are modified release dosage forms? 2.

Differentiate the following dosage forms: a. Extended- release b. Delayed-release c. Repeat action d. Targeted release 3. What are the advantages of extended release dosage forms over conventional forms? Name some disadvantages. 4. What are the characteristics of drugs best suited for incorporation into an extended release product? 5. Give the mechanisms by which extended drug action are achieved. 6. Explain 3 ways by which the rate of drug release from the solid dosage forms be modified. 7. Explain the different technologies employed in the modification of drug release rate. Give the products employing these modifications: a. Coated beads, pellets, granules, microspheres b. Multitablet system c. Microencapsulated drugs d. Embedding drug in slowly eroding/ hydrophilic matrix system e. Embedding drug in inert plastic matrix f. Complex formation g. Ion-exchange resins h. Osmotic pump 8. What are the reasons why drugs must remain intact until it reaches the intestines? How can these be achieved? 9. How would you develop an IVIVC model? 10. What are the clinical considerations in the use of oral modified-release dosage forms? 11. How can extended drug action be achieved by routes other than oral administration a. In ocular drug products b. Parenteral system c. Vaginal inserts d. Subdermal implants

CHAPTER 9 OINTMENTS, CREAMS AND GELS 1. Define the following dosage forms and give their uses: a. Ointment b. Cream c. Gel d. Paste e. Plaster f. Glycerogelatin 2. Give the uses of ointment bases. 3. Classify ointment bases. What are their synonyms, uses and examples? 4. What are the factors in selecting the appropriate base? 5. Give 2 general methods of preparing ointments. 6. Explain the USP tests for ointments a. Microbial Content b. Minimum fill c. Packaging, storage and labeling 7. What are the packaging materials for ointment? 8. What are the different layers of the skin and where will absorption of the drug into the circulation take place? 9. What are the major route and alternative routes for drugs to enter the eye? 10. What are the traditional USP tests required for ophthalmic preparation? 11. Give examples of dermatological ointments and creams (generic names) and give their therapeutic category and uses. 12. Give the features and use of the following: a. Nasal preparation b. Rectal preparation c. Vaginal preparation