1.

A valve in the cylinder shown in the figure has a cross sectional area of 11cm2 with a pressure of 735 kPa inside the cylinder and 99 kPa outside. How large a force is needed to open the valve?

2. A 1200 kg car accelerates from zero to 100 km/h over a distance of 400m. The road at the end of the 400m is at 10m higher elevation. What is the total increase in the kinetic energy and potential energy? 3. A gas is confined to one side of a rigid, insulated container divided by a partition. The other side is initially evacuated. The following data are known for the initial state of the gas: p1 = 3 bar, T1 = 380 K, and V1 = 0.025 m3. When the partition is removed, the gas expands to fill the entire container and achieves a final equilibrium pressure of 1.5 bar. Assuming ideal gas behavior, determine the final volume, in m3. 4. A power cycle operates between a reservoir at temperature T and a lowertemperature reservoir at 280 K. At steady state, the cycle develops 40 kW of power while rejecting 1000 kJ/min of energy by heat transfer to the cold reservoir. Determine the minimum theoretical value for T, in K. 5. A gearbox operating at steady state receives 2 hp along the input shaft and delivers 1.89 hp along the output shaft. The outer surface of the gearbox is at 110F and has an area of 1.4 ft.2 The temperature of the surroundings away from the immediate vicinity of the gearbox is 70F. For the gearbox, determine (a) the rate of heat transfer, in Btu/s. (b) the rate at which entropy is produced, in Btu/ R s. 6. The displacement volume of an internal combustion engine is 3 liters. The processes within each cylinder of the engine are modeled as an air-standard Diesel cycle with a cutoff ratio of 2.5. The state of the air at the beginning of compression is fixed by p1 = 95 kPa, T1 = 22=C, and V1 = 3.2 liters. Determine the net work per cycle, in kJ, the power developed by the engine, in kW, and the thermal efficiency, if the cycle is executed 2000 times per min.