pdwf"mwfcGeftm;udkay;aompmpkrsm; (5) 91

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Ben and Virginia By Gwin Williams

1904 ckESpfwGif wif;edpöjynfe,f aemufpfAD;vfNrdKUü

rD;&xm;vrf;aqmufvkyfa&; NrdKUjytif*sifeD,mawG
pcef ; csavonf / t,f v f tif trf p cef ; wG i f
a,musmf ;om;rsm;twGif wJpcef;rsm;? aEG;axG;aom
rD ; zd k r sm;? vuf & maumif ; aom pm;zd k r S L ;rsm;ES i f h
acwftrDq;kH aom vufeufu&d , d mawG tpHt k vif
&Sdonf/ trSefrSmawmh &mpkESpftvSnfhtajymif;
wpfckwGif rD;&xm;vrf; aqmufvkyfa&;twGuf
Nrd K Ujytif *sif e D , m wpf a ,muf t jzpf tvk y f
vkyf&jcif;onf wu,fhudk aemufaMumif; jyefvSnfh
csifp&maumif;vSonf/ vlysdKvSnfhcsifp&m rdef;
uav;rsm;u tvkycf iG ef ,fy,frmS tvGeu f kd &Sm;yg;
vSonf r[kwfvm;/

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92 nDopf

bif*srif rm&Jvfonf xdkuJhodkYaom tif

*sifeD,mwpfa,mufjzpfonf/ olonf t&yf&Snf
&SnfESifh EIwfqdwfaewwfum vlawGESifhywfouf
vQif odrfodrfarGUarGU qufqHajymqdkwwfonf/
at;at;csrf;csrf; aewwfonf/ olonf e,fvSnfh
oGm;vmae&aom rD;&xm;vrf; tif*sief , D mb0udk
aysmfarGYaeoljzpfonf/ olYtouf 13ESpft&G,frSm
rdcifjzpfol qH;k yg;oGm;cJo
h nf/ i,f&,
G pf OfrmS yif qH;k
½HI;rIawG BuD;rmcJhí olonf wpfudk,fwnf;aewwf
vmcJo h nf/
olonfvnf; wjcm;a,musfm;om;awGvdk
yif wpfcgw&HrSm rdef;rom;tazmf &Sdcsifonfh qE´
rsKd ; awmifw
h wfonf/ od&Yk mwGif ol\ qE´ukd olEiS hf
bk&m;ocifrSvGJí rnfolrQrodatmif odkodyfxm;
onf/ xl;xl;jcm;jcm; trSwf&apEdkifavmufonfh
aEGOD;wpfaeYrSmawmh tvGefxl;jcm;vSaom owif;
aumif;onf olwdkYpcef;twGif;odkY ysHUESHYvm\/ xdk
owif;uawmh olwdkYpcef;tBuD;tuJ\ c,fr
tvnfvmrnf qdkonfh owif;yifjzpfonf/ pcef;
rSm &SdaeolawGtm;vHk;uvnf; olrESifhywfoufí
tcsufoHk;csufudkom odxm;Muonf/ wpfcsufu
olr\toufonf 19ESpf? 'kwd,wpfcsufu olr
onf tysdK? wwd,tcsufu olronf tvGefvS

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pdwf"mwfcGeftm;udkay;aompmpkrsm; (5) 93
onf[líyif/ xdkaeY aeYvnfydkif;wGif pcef;&Sdvlrsm;
onf olr\ taMumif;udk [dkpp 'Dpp ajymqdkvm
Mu\/ olr\ rdbrsm;u awmifydkif;a'owGif ul;
pufysHUESHYvmaom tom;0ga&m*gqdk;rS vGwfajrmuf
&eftwGuf olrudk þpcef;odkY vTwfvdkufjcif; jzpf
onf/ aemufoHk;&ufqdkvQif olr 'Dpcef;udk a&muf
vmayawmhrnf/ pcef;rS wpfa,mufu olr\
"mwfyHkudk awGYaomaMumifh xdk"mwfyHkonf pcef;
wpfckvHk;odkY ysHUESYHoGm;NyD; olrudk olYxufig tNydKif
tqdik f pdw0f ifpm;aeMuavonf/
bifonf xdkrdef;uav; a&mufvmrnfh
ta&;twGuf BudKwifum aysmfjrL;aeonfh olY vkyf
azmfudkifzufoli,fcsif;rsm;udk apmifhMunhfaeonf/
wpfcgrS rjrifzl;onfh rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk
t½l;trl;jzpfaeMuonfh olo Y il ,fcsi;f awGukd aemuf
ajymifaeonf/
]]bif? rif; olY&JU"mwfyHkudk wpfcsufuav;
awmh MunhfvdkufuGm? NyD;awmhrS rif;pdwfr0ifpm;bl;
qdkwJhtaMumif; igwdkYudk ajymjy}} [k oli,fcsif;
wpfa,mufu bifhudk rcHcsifatmifajymonf/
od&Yk mwGif bifuawmh acgif;udck gNy;D w[m;[m;&,f
&if; a&SmifxGufoGm;onf/
aemufxyf ESpf&ufukefvGefoGm;aomtcg
pcef;rSm&Sdaeonfh vlawGtm;vHk;onf rdrdwdkY\
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94 nDopf

tvkyu f ykd if tm½Hrk pduk Ef ikd af vmufatmifyif jzpfae

Muonf/ olr pD;vmrnfh&xm;onf paeaeY reuf
apmapm tcsdefwGif qdkufa&mufvmawmhrnf/ xdkY
aMumifh yd;k yef;vdo
k w l o
Ykd nf rdrw d \
Ykd tBut
H pnfrsm;
udk tao;pdwf ajymqdkaqG;aEG;aeMuonf/ olwdkY
tm;vHk;onf a&rdk;csdK;oefYpifí acgif;rSm qDawG
ajymifvufaeatmifvdrf;um qHyifawGudk aemuf
vSefNzD;oifxm;NyD; olrtvG,fwul arhroGm;Edkif
avmufatmifyif oGm;a&muf BuKd qMkd urnf jzpf onf/
xdktcg olronf olwdkYtkyfpkudk aoaocsm csm
MunfNh y;D tacsmarmqH;k wpfa,mufukd a&G;cs,f um
cspfoltjzpfa&G;cs,fvdrfhrnf [k olwdkY xifae
Muonf/ uHtxl;qHk;vl tEdkif,laMu;[k olwdkY
tcsif;csif; n§dEIdif;oabmwlxm;Muao;onf/
udk,fpDuawmh rdrdonfom r[muHxl;&Sifjzpf&rnf
[k aoG;em;xifa&mufaeMuavonf/
aomMumaeYnrSmawmh pcef;&Sd vlrsm;
onf paeaeYrSm 0wfpm;zdkYtwGuf taumif;qHk;jzpf
atmif jyifqifaeMuonf/ a&csdK;olu csdK;onf/
bifonf pcef;rD;yHkab;&Sd opfwHk;ay:wGif xdkifae
\/ rD;yHk\ rD;tvif;a&mifxJwGif vdar®mfa&mif wpf
pHkwpf&m vufceJjzpfoGm;onfudk bif awGYvdkuf&
onf/ olonf xdkt&mudk csufcsif;aumuf,lvdkuf

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pdwf"mwfcGeftm;udkay;aompmpkrsm; (5) 95

\/ olY oli,fcsif;rsm;onf olwdkY\ ta&;twGuf

tvkyf½IyfNyD;? rdrdudk,frdrdom *½kpdkufaeMuaom
aMumifh rdef;uav;\ "mwfyHkudk ajrBuD;ay:rSm 'D
twdik ;f ypfcsxm;cJMh ujcif;jzpfrnf/
bifonf rde;f uav;\ "mwfyu kH kd yxrOD;
qHk;tBudrftjzpf udkifMunhfaeonfudk awGYvdkufMu
aom pcef;&Sd vlrsm;onf tvGef wtHw h Mo jzpfomG ;
Muonf/ odkYaomfvnf; bifonf Am*sD;eD;,m;
*a&Upf\ "mwfyu kH kd aysmufq;kH aeonf&h wemwpfyg;
udk olYvufBuD;xJrSm udkifwG,fxm;onfudkvnf;
aumif;? xdk"mwfyHkudk tMumBuD; pdkufMunfhaeonf
udkaomfvnf;aumif; rnfolrQ owdrxm;rdMuay/
"mwfyHkxJu racsmav;\ yHkudk yxrOD;qHk;pMunfhrd
pOfrmS ajymif;vJomG ;onfh bif\ rsuEf mS trlt&mudk
rnforl Q owdrxm;rdMuyg/ bif\ rsuEf mS trlt&m
rSm wpfcPcsif;rSmyif pcef;&Sdvlrsm;tm;vHk;onf
ol\ NyKd ib
f ufawG jzpfomG ;MuNy[ D k ,lq&rnfh rsuf
ESmxm;yif jzpfavonf/ bifwpfa,muf olYwJqD
odkY jyefoGm;um ae0ef;BuD;awmifpG,frSm 0ifoGm;
onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf ausmydk;tdwfudkvG,fNyD; pcef;
rS xGufcGmoGm;onfudk rnfolrQ rodvdkufMuay/
aemufwpfaeYreufcif;rSmawmh t,fvf
tif trfpcef;rS ud, k af wmfacsmawGtm;vH;k rD;&xm;

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96 nDopf

blwm½HkrSm pk½Hk;aeMuavonf/ Am*sD;eD;,m;\

rdom;pkrmS vnf; pcef;rS ud, k af wmfacsmrsm;\ yHak wG
udkMunhfNyD; r&,frdbJ raeEdkifatmif jzpfaeMuav
onf/ pcef;rS vlrsm;\ rsufESmawGrSm &GufMurf;a&
usdKrS tp rkwfqdwf&dwfoifxm;onfh rsufESmawG
tqH;k trsKd ;pHak eonf/ taygpm;a&arT;tpHu k v kd nf;
qGwfzsef;xm;Muavonf/ blwmudk vmMuonfh
vlawGxJrS trsm;pkonf vrf;rSmawGUaom awm
yef;rsm;udyk if cl;vmcJMh uavonf/
aemufq;kH awmh Mumjrifph mG apmifq h ikd ;f ae&
onfh &xm;OMooHudk Mum;&NyD;aemuf &xm;BuD;
blwmxJodkY qdkufvmonf/ t,fvf tif trfpcef;
wpfckvHk;u arQmfvifhwBuD; apmifhqdkif;aecJh&aom
racsmav;onf &xm;ay:rS yvufazmif;ay:odkY
qif;vmygawmhonf/ olrudk jrifvu kd &f aom ud, k f
awmfacsmrsm;rSm oufjyif;oufr tukefcsMuav
onf/ olronf olwdkYjrifcJh&onfh "mwfyHkxJu
xufyif ydNk y;D acsmarmvSyaeao;onf/ aemuf awmh
vmBudKMuoltaygif;\ ESvHk;om;wdkYrSm vGefpGm
pdwfysufoGm;Muavonf/ taMumif;rSm olr\
vufudk ydkifpdk;ydkifeif;jzifhwGJvsuf tpGrf;ukefNyHK;ae
onfh bif*srifudkyg awGYvdkuf&aomaMumifhyif jzpf
onf/ racsmav;uvnf; bif*srifudk armhNyD;NyHK;jy

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pdwf"mwfcGeftm;udkay;aompmpkrsm; (5) 97
aeonfudkygawGUvdkuf&í ydk;csifyef;csifaeMuaom
vmBuKd ot l aygif;wdrYk mS olwBYkd uKd ;pm;vnf; tvum;
yJqwkd mudk oabmaygufomG ;Muavonf/
aemufawmh bif\ oli,fcsif;rsm;u ..
]]rif; b,fvv kd yk Nf y;D &xm;ay:rSm ygvm&
wmvJuGm}} [k 0dkif;ar;Mu\/
xdktcg bifu ...
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uav;udk ydk;yef;zdkY BudK;pm;r,fqdk&if ighrSm tcGifh
ta&;&zdkYrvG,fbl;qdkwm igodw,fuG/ olY&JU pdwf
0ifpm;rIudk cHcsif&if olYudk t&ifqHk; jrifcGifh&rS jzpf
r,fqdkwmudk ig oabmaygufxm;w,fav/ 'g
aMumifh igvnf; 'Dblwm&JU a&SUu wpfblwmudk
vrf;avQmufoGm;NyD; ol pD;vmr,fh &xm;udk oGm;
apmifhaewmaygh/ &xm;a&mufvmawmh igvnf;
&xm;ay:wufNy;D ighu, kd if g olu Y vkd ma&mufBuKd qkd wJh
tzG J U 0if w pf a ,muf jzpf w ,f q d k w J h t aMumif ;
ajymjyvdu k w f ,f}}
]][? igwdeYk YJ teD;qH;k blwmu 17rdik f avmuf
a0;wmyJu}G } [k bifh rdwaf qGawGxrJ S wpfa,mufu
r,HEk ikd o
f vdk 0ifajymonf/
]]rif; olpD;vmwJh &xm;udkrDzdkYqdk&if 17rdkif
avmuf vrf;avQmuf&rSmyJ/ 17rdkif qdkwJhc&D;u
wpfnvHk;awmif avQmuf&rSm}} [kvnf; qdkonf/
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98 nDopf

]]at;av? ig wpfnvH;k vrf;avQmufomG ;

cJhwmyJ}} [k bifu jyefajzonf/
xdkodkYjzifh bif*srif rm&Jvfonf Am*sD;eD;
,m; *a&Upfukd yd;k yef;cJ&h m tcsed w f efaomtcg olwYkd
ESpfa,muf cspfolawG jzpfoGm;MuNyD; tdrfaxmifjyK
vdkufMuavonf/ olwdkYwGif om;orD; ig;a,muf
arG;zGm;cJhNyD; 12ESpft&G,fom;uav;wpfa,mufu
awmh uG,v f eG cf o
hJ nf/ uReaf wmfh txifajym&vQif
olwEYkd pS af ,mufonf wcsKd U trsKd ;orD;r*¾Zif;awGrmS
a&;Muovdk xm0&rukefcrf;Ekdifaom tcspfrsdK;udk
xlaxmifMurnfr[kwfyg/ aomMumaeYwdkif; csdef;
awGYMuwmrsdK;vnf; &SdcJhrnfr[kwfyg/ vufawGYb0
rSmawmh bifonf Am*sD;eD;,m;ESifh tcsdefjynfh ae&
&Smonf r[kwfyg/ NrdKUjytif*sifeD,m wpfa,muf
\wm0efudkxrf;aqmifae&onf/ olwdkYorD;av;
arG;pOfuqdkvQif bifonf orD;wpfvjynfhrSom
jrifawGY&onf/ bifonf Am*sD;eD;,m;udk tvGef
aps;BuD;aom pm;aomufqdkifrsm;odkY ac:roGm;yg/
cspfoufvufaqmif[lí ay;zl;onfrSmvnf; &Hzef
&HcgrSom 0,fay;jzpfonfh oHvGifqDykvif;rsm;om
jzpfonf/ Am*sD;eD;,m;onf n0wftusÐudk0wfNyD;
a&cJaowåmudkywfum bifudk vdkufzrf;ovm;qdk
wmudkawmh 'DuaeYtxdwdkif rodEdkifaom vQdKU0Suf
csuw f pfct k jzpf &Sad eygonf/
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pdwf"mwfcGeftm;udkay;aompmpkrsm; (5) 99

uRefawmfodorQ olwdkYtaMumif;uawmh
olwdkYonf wpfa,mufudkwpfa,mufopöm&Sdjcif;?
wpfa,mufuw kd pfa,muf av;av;pm;pm;ESihf awG;
awG;qq qufqHjcif;? aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tif aexdkifjcif;
jzifh tdrfaxmifa&;b0udk wnfaqmufcJhMujcif;jzpf
onf/ olwo Ykd nf cspjf cif;arwåmjzifh om;orD;rsm; udk
jyKpkysdK;axmifcJhonf/ tcuftcJ umvrsm;udk
&ifqdkif&mwGifvnf; wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf
arwåmrjy,fcahJ y/
uRefawmfonf bifESifh Am*sD;eD;,m;wdkY\
jrpfawGxrJ S wpfa,mufjzpfonf/ uReaf wmfuav;
b0uwnf;u bdk;bdk;bif uG,fvGefoGm;cJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh uRefawmf bdk;bdk;udk aoaocsmcsm
rrSwfrdawmhyg/ bGm;bGm; Am*sD;eD;,m;uawmh uRef
awmfhtouf 12 ESpft&G,fwGif uG,fvGefcJhonf/
bGm;bGm; uG,fvGefcsdefwGif 85 ESpf &SdaeNyDjzpfonf/
uRefawmfrSwfrdoavmufuawmh bGm;bGm;onf
[dkem;'Dem; vrf;avQmufroGm;EdkifaomaMumifh
wpfa,mufa,muf az;ulrSom oGm;vmEdkifonf/
bGm;bGm;onf t½d;k tqpfa,mifaoma&m*gaMumifh
cg;vnf; udik ;f aeNyjD zpfonf/ xdpk Ofu bGm;bGm;onf
t½dk;tqpfa,mifonfh a&m*gaMumifh a0'emcHpm;
ae&onfh vlrrmwpfa,muf jzpfaeaomfvnf;

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100 nDopf

bdk;bdk;ESifh awGYpurl tvGefpGJrufzG,faumif;onfh

rdef;racsmav;wpfa,muf jzpfaerSm aocsmvSyg
onf/ xdkpOfu bdk;bdk;onf bGm;bGm;ESifh wGJucJhay
vdrfhrnf/ bGm;bGm;u uRefawmfwdkYudk ajymavhajym
x&SdonfhyHkjyifwpfyk'frSm wpfcsdefu olonf tvGef
acsmarmvSyonfh rdef;uav;wpfa,muf jzpfcJh
aMumif;? ol\pdwf0ifpm;rIudk cH&zdkYtwGuf rD;&xm;
pcef;wpfckvHk;rS udkvlacsmawGu blwmrSmvmBudK
Muonfh taMumif;rsm;jzpfonf/ xdu k vkd al csmawGxJ
rS wpfa,mufaomolonf ol\ tcspfudk ydkifqdkif
cGi&hf Ny;D olEiS hf tdraf xmifjyKcsio
f nft
h wGuf 17 rdik f
c&D;udk ajcvsifavQmufNyD; vmcJh&aMumif;vnf;
rjzpfrae ygavonf/
àà

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