tykdif;(1)

0dnmOfawmfESifh twlavQmufvSrf;jcif;ukd &,ljcif;

tcef; (1)
em;axmifjcif;ESifh yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifjcif;
crnf;awmfonf or®mw&m;ukd jyaom 0dnmOfawmfwnf;[laom
wyg;aomOyZös,fq&mukd oifwkEdY Sifhtwl tpOfrjywfwnfaeapjcif;iSg oifwkdYtm;
ay;awmfrlrnf/ xkd0dnmOfawmfukd avmuDom;wkYdonf rodrjrifaomaMumifh
rcHr,lEkdifMu/ xkd0dnmOfawmfonf oifwkdYEiS fhtwl wnfaeí? oifwYkdü &Sdawmfrl
aomaMumifh oifwko dY d&Mu\/
a,m[ef 14;16-17
rMumao;cifu bk&m;ocifonf oifhtm; tb,ft&mrsm;ukd ajymqkdaecJhygo
enf;/
oifhwGif aysmufuG,froGm;bJ tNrJtm½kHxJ&Sdaeaom tawG; okrdY [kwf cHpm;
csuftcsdKU&Sdygovm;/ bk&m;ocifu oifhukd owif;pum;wpfck Mum;ajymcsifonf
[k xifjrifcsuf wpfck&Sdygovm;/ okdYaomfvnf; tb,ft&mjzpfonfukd oifonf
raocsm okYdr[kwf xkdt&mukd vufrcHEkdif r,kHMunfEkdifbJ jzpfaeygovm;/
okYdr[kwf tjcm;wpfzufwGif bk&m;ocifonf oift h m; pum; tajrmuft
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qkawmif; awmif;avQmuf apmifharQmfaeaomfvnf; &v'fr&SdbJ jzpfaeygovm;/
bmrQt&mrxif jzpfaeygovm;/ oifonf vrf;nTefrI tcsdKd Uukd &,lvkdaomfvnf;
oif\qk awmif;csufrsm;onf rnfonfh tusdK;ukdrQ ray;ouJhoYkd cHpm;ae&ygo
vm;/
oifonf tjcm;olrsm;ukd vrf;jyoGefoif&ef ,kMH unfxm;aomfvnf; 0dnmOf
a&;&mwGif oifu
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onf bk&m;ocif\ tultnDukd vkdtyfaeaomfvnf; xkdvkdtyfrIukd r&&Sdonfom
rubJ bk&m;ocif oifhtm; rnfonfht&mukd ajymqkdaeonfukdvnf; rodEkdifbJ
jzpfaeygovm;/
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rkduf(cf)\ pdwfysufjcif;
oif;tkyfq&m rkduf(cf) 1 onf olYtoif;awmf&Sd toif;om;rsm;ukd cspfonf/
okYdaomf olukd,füu aysmf&Gifjcif;r&SdcJhyg/ 0efxrf;trsm;xJrS i,f&G,faom trIawmf
aqmif wpfOD;taejzifh tokH;jyKjcif;rcH&bJ &nf&G,fcsuf us½IH;ouJhokdY tNrJvkdvkdcH
pm;aecJhonf/ olvkyfaqmif NyD;ajrmufvkdaomt&m ajrmufrsm;pGm &Sdaomfvnf;
xkdarQmfrSef;xm;onfh ae&mukd b,fawmhrS a&muf&jSd cif;r&SdcJhyg/ olonf bk&m;ocif
rS apckdif;xm;aom t&mrsm;jzifh rdrd\tcsdefrsm;ukd ukefq;kH apcJhonf/ okdYaomfvnf;
olonf rdrdwkdY vkyfaqmifaom t&mrsm;twGuf okrdY [kwf &v'frsm;twGuf aus
eyfa&mifh&J jcif;r&SdcJhacs/ olvkyfaqmif&ef apckdif;xm;aomtrIonf rnfonfh
tcsdefwGif vkyfaqmifEkdifrnfenf;/ toif;awmfonf olü&Sad om tawG;tdyfruf
wkYdukd rnfonfhtcsdefwGif vGwfvyfpGm taumiftxnfaz:aqmifcGifh ay;rnfenf;/
olonf rnfonfhtcsdefwGif csD;usL;cH&NyD; rsm;pGmaom wm0efrsm;ukd tyfESHjcif;cH&
rnfenf;/
rkduf(cf)onf vrf;nTeftm;ay;rIukd rcH,lciftcsdefwGif olonf pdwfysuf
tm;i,f ae&NyDjzpfonf/ tb,faMumifh bk&m;ocifonf ol\ qkawmif;oHudk t
b,faMumifh em;ranmif;oenf;/ bk&m;ocifonf ol\ olaX;t&m&Sdtm; ajymif;
vJapNyD; oltY wGuf vkyfief;tcGifhtvrf; topfrsm;ukd tb,faMumifh rjyifqifay;
oenf;/ olonf trIawmfjrwftwGuf ac:xm;cH&jcif;ESifh ywfoufí aomfvnf;
aumif;? bk&m;ociftay: rdrd&Jh,MkH unfpdwfwkdYudk jyefvnfNyD; ar;cGef;xkwfaecJh rd
onf/ olonf pdwf"gwfa&;&mvnf; tvGef ysufqD;vmcJhonf/ ykdrkdívnf; a'go
xGuf pdwfq;kd vmonf/
okYdaomfvnf;? vrf;nTeftm;ay;rIukd cH,lonfh jzpfpOfwGif rkduf(cf)jyefvnf
owd&vmcJhonfrSm olYukd pdwfraysmf&Gifapaom t"dutaMumif;&if;rSm tjcm;ol
rsm; r[kwfbJ rdrdomvQif w&m;cHjzpfaMumif; jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\ toHawmf
ukd rMum;Ekdifjcif;rSmvnf; xkdbk&m;onf wdwfqdwfaeaomaMumifhr[kwfbJ? ol\t

1
uRefawmfonf oif;tkyfq&m rkduf(cf)\ uk, d fawGY taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd ol\ cGijfh yKcsufjzifh wkduf½kduf azmfjyxm;ygonf/ þpmtkyfwGif azmfjyxm;
aom wpfOD;csif;wkYd\ taMumif;t&mrsm;(okYdr[kwf tjcm;olrsm;xH wpfqifah jymjyxm;onfh taMumif;rsm;)onf uH,uH&SifwYkd \ cGifhjyKcsufjzifh azmfjy
tok;H jyKxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ vlyk*¾dKvfemrnfukd rsufawmiftzGifhtydwf pmaMumif;jzifh azmfjyxm;ygu xkdum,uH&Sif\ trnfrSefukd ajymif;vJac:qkd
tok;H jyKxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ rdrdwkYd\ trnfrSefukd azmfjy&ef cGifjh yKcsuf&&Sx
d m;aom olwkdY\ trnfrsm;ukdrl rsufawmif tzGifhtydwfrok;H bJ azmfjyxm;
ygonf/
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onf/ trSefrSm oef&Y Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf olYukd pum;ajymaecJhonf/ wku d f
wGef;vIYHaqmfjcif;rsm;ukd cHpm;cJ&h onf/ okdYaomfvnf; rdrd\ tvkdqE´ESifh qefYusif
bufjzpfaeaomaMumifh xkt d csufjyonfht&mrsm;ukd wpfvTJt"dyÜg,f,lum rodcsif
a,mifaqmifaecJhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rkduf(cf)tm; BuD;rm;NyD; <u,f0onfh xkd
qifajczk;H toif;awmfukd pGefYNyD; bk&m;ocifu ay;xm;onfh NrdKUjytoif;awmf vkyf
ief; pwif&efxm;&Sdaom tdyfrufrsm; aemufukd vkduf&eftvkd&Sdaejcif;jzpfonf/
rkduf(cf)onf rdrd\ vuf&Sd toif;awmfESifh tqufrjzwfoa&GU? tajymif;tvJ t
wGuf pdwfylyefrIwkdYukd vufawGY &ifqkdifrIrjyKrcsif; e*kdtajctaewGifom quf
vuf&SdaetkH;rnf jzpfonf/

½k;d &Sif;aomvrf;- em;axmifjcif;ESifh yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifjcif;

uRefawmfwkdY\ tpGrf; ]]0dnmOfawmfESifh twlavQmufvSrf;jcif;}} (*vm 5;25)
\ tajccHusaomt&monf uRefawmfwYkdtwGif;&Sd bk&m;ocif\ wk;d nif;aom
pum;ajymoHukd em;axmifjcif; 0dnmOfawmf\ vIHYaqmfrIwkdYukd yl;aygif;vkyfaqmif
jcif;ukd rdrdb0\ aeYpOf toufwmtjzpf touf&SifavQmufvSrf;jcif;jzpfonf/
0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifonfh toufwm qkdonfhrSm þt&mukd qkdvjkd cif;jzpfNyD; uRef
awmf wkY\d aeYpOftoufwm\ tcef;u@tm;vk;H wGif tok;H csEkdifonf/ þuJhokdY
aom toufwmonf rsufvSnfh okYdr[kwf BuKHawmifh BuKHcJaom tHMh op&m r[kwf
yg/ xkd t&monf ajzmifhwef;NyD; odrfarGUNyD; tvGef vufawGYusaomt&mjzpfonf/
0dnmOf awmfESifh twlavQmufvSrf;jcif;ukd uRefawmfwYkdonf ,cktxdwkdifatmif
oif,lMu &ygonf/ okYdaomf xkdt&monf ½IyfaxG;aomaMumifh okdYr[kwf tcsdKU
aom ynmwwfaomol? qkaus;Zl;&Sdol? wkdYtwGufom oD;oefYz,fxm;aom
t&mjzpfaomaMumifh r[kwfyg/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf 0dnmOfawmf\ OD;aqmif
jcif;onf tvGefobm0usNyD; ½k;d &Sif;aom t&mjzpfaomaMumifh pdwful;,OfZmwf
vrf;uJhokadY om t&mwkYdukd &SmaevQifvGJoGm;Ekdifonf/ uREkfyfwko
dY nf bk&m;ocif\
ao;i,faom vIHYaqmfrIrsm;ukdrl t,kHtMunfuif;MuNyD; rnfonfhtcgrQ &&SdcHpm;
rnf r[kwfaom t&mwkYdukd omvQif tywfwpfukwf &SmazGaeMuygonf/
 tjcm;aom uRefawmfwYkdonfvnf; 0dnmOfawmf\ OD;aqmifrIESifh vTJoGm;Ekdif
onf/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf xkd0dnmOfawmf\ OD;aqmifrIukd rvdkvm;Muaom
aMumifjh zpfonf/ uRefawmfwkdYukd Ncdrf;ajcmufaeaom t&mrsm;ukd omem;axmifjcif;
onf tvGef aMumufrufbG,faumif;NyD; emusifp&mvnf;jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwkdY
onf rdrdwkdY\ toufwmü csdKU,Gif;vkdtyf aeaomt&mukd t&Sdtwkdif; ajymqkjd cif;
okYdr[kwf rdrdwkt dY ajymif;tvJ rvkyfcsifaom t&mwpfckukd ajymif;vJ&rnf qkdonfh
tawG;wpfck okdYr[kwf wpfckckukd r&ifqkdifcsifMu rcHEkdifMuay/ xkYdaMumifh uRefawmf
wk\Yd pdwfonf rdrdwYkd odjrifcHpm;ae&aom t&mwkdu Y kd ar;cGef;xkwfjcif; okdYr[kwf
arhypf&eftwGuf tcsdefay; vkyfaqmif&vdrfhrnf/ wpfpkHwpfck okdYr[kwf wpfpkHwpf
OD;u uRefawmfwkdY\rsufpdukd zGifhMunfhvdkuf&ef? uRefawmfwkd\ Y pdwfESvkH;ukd em;
axmif&ef okYdr[kwf trltusifhukd ajymif;vJ&ef ajymaeygonf/ okYdaomf yGifhvif;
pGmajym&rnfqkdvQif uRefawmfwkdYonf xkdt&mukd rvkyfaqmifcsifMu/ bk&m;ocif
\ OD;aqmifrIudk odjrifcjGJ cm;&mwGif ta&;BuD;udpörsm;ukd aocsmpGm csifhcsdefpOf;
pm;jcif;onf tarQmftjrif BuD;jcif;jzpfNyD; vkdtyfaomt&mvnf;jzpfonf/ okdYaomf
vnf; tcsdKUaom uRefawmfwkdYonf tmcHjcif;? acgif;rmjcif;? vkH;vk;H ykefuefjcif;wkdY
twGuf [efaqmif rsufESmzkH;xuf ruaom ½IyfaxG;onfh pOf;pm;awG;ac:rI wpf
&yfukd zGNHY zdK;apcJhMuonf/
tqkH;ü tmcHjcif;onf ajcukefvufyef;usjcif; ukdomapNyD; qefYusifbuf
&v'fukd omjzpfaponf/ þokYjd zifh rsm;pGmaom tiftm;rsm;onf rdrdwkd\ Y twGif;
xJrS tBuHay;onfh toHxuf rdrdwkdY\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm; okrdY [kwf rdrdwk\ dY awG;
ac:rIrsm;uom ykdrkdrSefuefaMumif; xkwfazmfjyo&mwGifom ukefcrf;oGm;Muonf/
bk&m;ocifu apckdif;rnfht&mukd aMumuf&GHUjcif;onf uRefawmfwYk\ d vkyfEkdifonfh
pGrf;tm;ESifh em;axmifvkdonfh pdwfqE´ukd [efYwm;aponf/ toHawmfonf rnf
onfh t&if;tjrpfrS vmonfjzpfygap aumif;aom tawG;wpfck jzpfcJh rnfqkdvQif
uRefawmfwkdYonf xkdt&mukd ckcHwGef;vSef xm;Muonf/ uRefawmfwkdY onf
xk;H pHtwkdi;f 0rf;enf;rIukd cHpm;&onf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf tem;r&? pdwfysuf jcif;?
pdwf"gwfusjcif;ESifh a,sbk,stm;jzifh aysmf&GifrIuif;rJhjcif;ESifh tqk;H owfMu& onf/
tu,fí 0dnmOfawmf\ toHukd yGifhvif;aom pdwfESvkH;ESifh em;axmifcJhrnf
qkdvQif &v'fonf vk;H 0wlnDrnf r[kwfyg/ aocsmpGm em;axmifjcif;onf uRef
awmfwkdY Mum;zkdY&ef vkdtyfaom or®mw&m;ukd Mum;emaprnfjzpfonf/
 ouf0ifvIyf&Sm;aom bk&m;ocifESifh aygif;oif;qufqHjcif;xJwGif
em;axmifjcif;&Sdonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf bk&m;ocif\ toHawmfukd Mum;em&ef em;rMum;aom ol
rsm;jzpfygavap or®musrf;pm\ oGefoifcsufu uRefawmfwkdY tm;vk;H onf bk&m;
ocif\ pum;awmfukd em;axmif&eftwGuf ac:xm;jcif; cH&aomolrsm; jzpfNyD;
xkdac:oHukd qDavsmfpGm wkYjH yefMu&rnf jzpfaMumif; &Sif;vif;jywfom;pGm azmfjyxm;
ygonf/ ,kHMunfolrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\ pum;awmfukd ]]Mum;emjcif;}} okdYr[kwf
]]em;axmifjcif;}} &Sdap&eftwGuf a[NAJusrf;ESifh "r®opfusrf;wkdY&Sd &mESifhcsDaom usrf;
csufwkdYwGif xyfcgwpfvJvJ twnfhtvif;aomf¤if; oG,f0kdufíaomf¤if; azmfjy
xm;ygonf/ xkdoYkdac:xm;&mwGif ykrH Seftm;jzifh ya&mzuf okYdr[kwf q&mjzpfol
onf bk&m;ocif\ tvkdawmf okYdr[kwf ,kMH unfolrsm; vkdufavQmuf&eftwGuf
oGefoifyJjh yifjcif;wkdY ukd azmfjyawmhrnf qkdonfukd tcsufay; nGefjyaeonf/
ta&;ygaom Oyrmwpfcktaejzifh a[NAJpum;vk;H jzpfonfh “shema” ac:
]]em;axmifavmh}} qkdonfh pum;vk;H onf tvGefta&;ygonfh "r®a[mif;usrf;wkdY
wGif azmfjyyg&SdaMumif; awGY&Sd&ygonf/ xkdpum;ukd tpOftvmt& shema 2 [k
odxm;Muonf/ ]]tkd£oa&vtrsdK;? em;axmifavmh/ igwkYd\ bk&m;ocif
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6;4-5) þusrf;csufrsm;onf ,k'-c&pf,mef,kHMunfu;kd uG,frI wkt dY wGuf
tajccHusaom tpOftvmjzpfonf/ tb,faMumifh qkad omf xkdusrf; csufwko dY nf
£oa&vvlrsdK;wkdY ,kMH unfukd;uG,faom wpfqlwnf;aom bk&m;&SdaMumif;?
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NyD; ¤if;onf aemufwGif azmfjyxm;onfh taMumif;t&mtwGuf ed'gef;ysdK;jcif;ouf
2
w&m;a[m 6;4? þpum;vk;H ukd w&m;a[m 4;1? 5;1? 6;3ESifh 9;1 wkYdwGifvnf; awG&Y ygonf/
3
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13;34? 1a,m 4;21) wkdYwGif awGY&onf/
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tvGefta&;BuD;aom owif;pum;ukd em;axmifaomtcg vkyfaqmif&rnfht&m
rSm cspfjcif;arwåmESifh em;axmifjcif;jzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifaom aemuf
vkdurf sm;jzpfonfh tm;avQmfpGm 0dnmOfawmfonf bk&m;ocif okdYr[kwf tjcm;ol
rsm;tay: xm;&Sdonfh uRefawmfwdkY\ cspfjcif;arwåmukd azmfjy&eftwGuf tBudrf
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vIYHaqmfrI aemufvkduf&efomjzpfonf/

bk&m;ocifukd em;axmifjcif;qkdonfrmS a,½IESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfukd

em;axmifjcif;jzpfonf/
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jzpfvmonf/ ocifa,½Ionf bk&m;ocif ukd,fawmfwkdif\ Asm'dwfawmf\
tv,fA[kdwGif &yfwnfaeNyD; aumif;jrwfjcif;? ajzmifhrwfjcif;ESifh rSefuefjcif;
tm;vkH;jzpfonf/ a,½I a&ESpfjcif;r*Fvmukd cH,lpOfwGif aumif;uifu ]]þolonf
iga&G;aumuf xm;aom ighom;jzpf\ olYukd em;axmifMuyg }} [kqkd\ (vk 9;36)/
&Sifa,m[ef c&pf0ifusrf;wGif ocifa,½Ionf rdrdukd,fukd aumif;aom
ok;d xdef; ESifh wHcg;0jzpfNyD; ol\ok;d wkdYonf ]]ocif\ pum;oHukd em;axmif\}}
[kqkdxm;ygonf (10;3)/ ocifa,½Iu ol\ok;d NcHrS r[kwfaom tjcm;aom
ok;d wkdYonfvnf; ]]olYpum;ukd em;axmif\}} [kqkdxm;ygonf (10;16)/ a,½Itm;
ydvwfrif;u ar;jref;aomtcg ]]or®mw&m;ESifh pyfqkdifaomoltaygif;wkdYonf
ighpum;ukd em;axmifMu\}} [kajz qkdxm;ygonf (18;37)/
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vrf;jynTefay;&ef oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfu tpm;xk;d ae&m,lxm;NyDjzpfonf/
a,½Ibk&m; raorDtcsdefwGif or®mw&m;ukd jyaom 0dnmOfawmfukd apvGwfawmf
rlrnfhtaMumif; ]]oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfbk&m;onf oifwkdYtm; cyfodrf;aomt
&mwkudY kd jyooGefoifawmfrlí? igajymcJhorQaom pum;wkYdukd rSwfrdapaomÓPfukd
ay;vdrfhrnf}} [kqkdxm;ygonf ( a,m 14;17? 26)/ qkv d ckd sifonfht&mrSm c&pf
awmf\ wynfah wmfrsm;onf bk&m;ocifapvGwfrnfh xk0d dnmOfawmf\f toHawmf
ukd aocsmpGmjzifh em;axmif&ef vkdtyfaejcif;jzpfonf/
ocifa,½Ionf txufcef;wGif wynfhawmfrsm;ESifh MumjrifhpGm pum;ajym
qkNd yD; onfhaemufwGif wynfhawmfwkdY\ toufwmwGif vkyfaqmifrnfh 0dnmOf
awmf\ ta&;ygaom tcef;u@ukd jyefvnfajymMum;cJhonf/
oifwkdYtm; igajymp&mtrsm;&Sdaomfvnf;? oifwkdYonf ,ckrcHEkdiMf u/
or®mw&m;ESifh jynfph akH om xkd0dnmOfawmfonf a&mufvmaomtcg or®mw&m;ukd
oifwkdYtm; t<uifhrJh oGefoifjyvdrhfrnf/ xkd0dnmOfawmfonf ukd,ftvkdtavQmuf
a[majymrnfr[kwf/ Mum;orQwku dY kd a[majymvdrfhrnf/ aemufvmvwåaHY omt&m
wkYdukdvnf; oifwkdYtm; azmfjyvdrfhrnf/ xdkolonf ighbkef;ukd xif&Sm;apvdrfhrnf/
taMumif;rlum;? igESifhpyfqkdifaomt&mukd ,lí oifwkdYtm; abmfjyvdrfhrnf/
crnf;awmfESifh pyfqkdifor Qonf igESifhpyfqkdif\/ xkdaMumifh igESifhpyfqkdifaomt&m
ukd,lí oifwkdYtm; abmfjyvdrfhrnf[k igajym\ (a,m 16;12-15)/
ocifa,½Iu xkdoefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ wm0eftcef;u@rSm olY
aemufvu kd frsm;ukd tcsdefwkdif; topfaom or®mw&m;xJokdY ykYdaqmifvrf;nGefay;
&ef qkdvkdaejcif;r[kwfyg/ okdYaomfvnf; a,½IajrBuD;ay:wGif trIawmfaqmifcJh
pOfwGif ol\wynfhawmfrsm; oabmayguf em;rvnfcJhonfh olrnfolrnf0gjzpf
jcif;ESifh olcH,lcJhaom a0'emonf vlom;tm;vkH;ukd,fpm; jzpfjcif;t&mrsm;ukd
em;vnfvufcHEkdif&eftwGuf ulnDjcif;ukd qkdvkdjcif;jzpfonf/ xkYdaMumifh usefwpf
zufwGif 0dnmOfawmfonf ,aeYtxdwkdif taMumif;t&m bmom&yf tm;vkH;ESifh
qkdifaom trSefw&m;wkYdukd azmfjyaom t&if;tjrpftjzpf rxifrSwfoifhyg/ &Sif
a,m[ef tcef;BuD;(16)wGif azmfjyxm;aom 0dnmOfawmf qkdif&m uwdawmfrsm;
onf a&S;OD;pGm ocifa,½I vuf0g;uyfwkdifay: taocHjcif;ESifh csD;ajrSmufjcif;cHcJh
aom taMumif;ukd t"dyÜg,f&Sd&Sd a[majymrnfhol\ wynfh awmfrsm;twGufjzpf
onf 4 / wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf olwkdY\ OD;aESmuf t
odÓPfukd zGifah y;jcif;? twdwfu taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd jyef vnf owd&apjcif;?
wynfhawmfjzpfjcif;ESifh ywfoufí or®mw&m;tay: wnfhwnfhcsdef&G,fay;onfh
bk&m;ocif\ wefqmyvmjzpfonf/ xkdtaMumif; t&monf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOf
4
Levison, Inspired, 150.
awmf\ vkyfaqmifrIukd azmfjyNyD;? xkd vrf;jynGefrIonf wrefawmfrsm; twGufom
vQifr[kwfbJ 0dnmOfawmfESifh tquftoG,jf yKaomolwkdif; twGufvnf;jzpfonf/
tcsKyftm;jzifh ajym&vQif 0dnmOfawmfu pum;ajymaomtcg uRefawmfwYkdESifh
bk&m;ocif\ aygif;oif;qufqHjcif;? c&pfawmf\ yk*K¾d vfjzpfjcif;ESifh ol\vkyf
aqmifrIESifh c&pfawmf\ aemufvkdufqkdonf rSmtb,ft&mjzpfjcif;ESifh ywfoufí
ta&;ygaom or®mw&m;wku dY kd Mum;em&eftwGuf tNrJarQmfvifhxm;oifhonf/

,aeY bk&m;ociftm; em;axmifjcif;

or®mw&m;ukd rnfonfhykHpHjzifhrqkd azmfjycH&jcif;ukd Mum;odjcif;onf 0dnmOfawmf
\ toHawmfukd rSwfrdMum;odjcif;twGuf t"duusaom aomhcsufjzpfNyD;? yl;aygif;
aqmif&Gufjcif;qkdonfrmS uRefawmfwkdY vufcH Mum;od&aom or®mw&m;ukd vufcH
NyD; xkdtwkdif; vkyfaqmifjcif;jzpfonf/ rsm;pGmaomolwkdYonf omrefxuf xl;jcm;
aom 0dnmOfawmf\ pum;ajymjcif; &SdcJhaomfvnf; omreftm;jzifh xkMd um;Ekdifaom
toHtm;jzifh uRefawmfwkdYudk pum;ajymavhr&Sdyg/ Oyrmtm;jzifh ]]aumfeD}} onf
pD;yGg;a&;avmuwGif tvGefatmifjrif ausmfMum;aomoljzpfNyD; olronf urÇmESifh
t0Srf; tvGefta&;BuD;NyD; pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;aom vkyfief;rsm;ukd vkyfaqmif
um wpfESpfvQif tar&durSpí Oa&mywpfavQmufvkH; rkdifaygif; 85000
c&D;oGm;vmaeoljzpfonf/ olronf olr\tvkyfukd tvGefESpfoufaomoljzpfNyD;
bk&m;ocifu olrtm; ]]tdrfjyefygawmh}} [kajymaomtoHukd Mum;cJh&onfh tcsdef
xd tjcm;t&mukd pdwf0ifpm;avhr&SdcJh/ xkdtcsdefwGif olronf olroGm;vmae&
onfh c&D;&SnftwGuf pdwftvkdrusrI cHpm;aecJh&aom tcsdefvnf; jzpfonf/
oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf olrukd tdrfwGif tvkd&Sdonfukd vufwkdYNyD; ac:aecJh
onf/ odYkaomfvnf; olr pD;yGg;a&;vkyfief;twGuf c&D;jyK&if; [kdw,fcef; wpfckwGif
olrtm; tdrfjyef&ef ajymMum;cJhonfh pum;oHonf olrtwGuf tvGef ta&;yg
aom tcsufjzpfonf/ olr Mum;cJh&aom owif;pum;tm;jzifh oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfonf olr vkyfaqmifaeaomvkyfief;ukd &yfem;NyD; rdrd\tdrf rdrd\
rdom;pkESifh twlae&onfh tajymif;tvJukd vkyfaqmif&ef ykdYaqmif vrf;jyaeonfh
qkdonft h &mukd twnfjyKjcif;cHcJh&onf/ olr\ toufwmwGif tvkyfxGuf&rnf
vm; rxGufbJ qufvufvkyf&rnfvm;qkdonfh bk&m;ocif\ tvkdawmfESifh eyef;
vk;H aecJh&onfh emusifrItawGYtBuKHukd vaygif;rsm;pGmcHpm;cJh&onf/ olrukdtusKd;
jzpfapaom xkdtvkyfukdrpGefYcsifaomfvnf; bk&m;\ pum;ukd em;cHcsifcJhonf/
aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh olr\ cifyGef;onfESifh tjcm;aom &if;ESD;aom rdwf
aqGrsm;u olr\ a0cGJr&bJ qk;H jzwfcsufcs&ef vkyfaqmifaeonfh wpfavQmufvkH;
wGif ppfrSefaom rdwfaqGrsm;\ vkyf½kd;vkyfpOftwkdif; ulnDaz;rcJMh uonf/ þae&m
wGif xl;jcm;aom azmfjycsufwpfckrSm wpfpkHwpfOD;onf bk&m;ocif\ toHawmfukd
Mum;onf qkdonfh t&mrSm t vGefjzpfcJaom t&mjzpfaomaMumifh olronf
xkdtoHawmfukd em;axmifoifh o vm; [laom t&myifjzpfonf/ aemufq;kH wGif
olr vufavQmhNyD; ajymonfhtwkdif; cH,lcJhonf/ bk&m;ukd rnfokdY ]][kwfuJh}} xl;&ef
vkdtyfonfht&mrsm;ukd tjcm;aom rdwfaqGrsm;xHrS cH,l&&SdcJhonf/ rsm;rMumrD
tcsdefwGifyif xkdokdYvkyfaqmif&eftwGuf tcGifhta&; a&muf&Sdvmum xkt d cGifh t
a&;ukd csufcsif;vufOD;rI &,lcJhonf/
olr\ vkyf&yfaMumifh olr\ tvkyf&Sifonf wkefvIyfoGm;cJhonf/ olr\cif
yGef;onfrSm 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifh vTrf;NcKHvQuf 'l;axmufNyD; aus;Zl;wifrqk;H jzpfcJh
onf/ olr\ uav;rsm;vnf; aysmfjrL;íaecJhNyD; aumfeDrSm tHhMordef;armaecJhonf/
olrtdrfwGif &SdaevQifaysmfaeonfh olr\ q,fausmfouf&G,f om;orD;rsm;ESifh
cifyGef;onfuvGJNyD; olronf rdrdukd rnfonfht&mu xdrSefoGm;onfukd ao csmpGm
rodvkduf&/ tdrfwGif wpfaeYv;kH rnfonfht&m vkyf&rnfukdrod/ bk&m;u tdrf
okYjd yefac:jcif;onf taMumif;wpfckckawmh&Sdrnf/ okadY omf xkdtaMumif;&if;onf
tb,ft&menf;/
ajcmufvtMumwGif tajzxGufcJhonf/ olr\ rdcifonf avjzwfjcif;a0'
emukd tBuD;tus,fcHpm;&NyD; aeYwkdif;olr\ tultnDukd vkdtyfaecJhonf/
tu,fí olrtvkyfukdom qufvkyfaeNyD; rdcifjzpfol avjzwfcH&rS tvkyfxJu
xGufcJhrnfqkdvQif? olr\rdcifukd pdwfysufaprdrSm aocsmonf/ 0dnmOfawmf\ ac:
jcif;udk em;axmifNyD; tcsdefrD yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifjcif;aMumifh olrrdcif vkdtyfae
onfhtcsed fwGif toifh&NSd yD; ulnD&onfomrubJ xkdoku dY lnD&jcif;twGuf aus;Zl;
wif 0rf;f omNyD; Nidrf;csrf;rIukd cHpm;cJh&onf/
oifonf aumfeDuJhokdY bk&m;\ pum;oHuMkd um;jcif;rsdK; okdYr[kwf tjcm;ol
rsm;uJhokdY bk&m;utdyfruf½lyg½kHrsm;jzifh pum;ajymqkdjcif;rsdK;ukd wpfcgrQrBuKHzl;jcif;
jzpfEkdifonf/ okdYaomf oift
h odpdwfxJwGif bk&m;ocif\ wkd;nSif;aompum;oHukd
toufwm wpfavQmufvkH; xyfcgwpfvJvJ Mum;Ekdif&eftwGuf {uefarQmfvifhxm;
&ef vkdtyfygonf/ þtoH awmfonf oifhukd ynm? vrf;f jynGefrI? owday;jcif;?
pdwfvIHYaqmfrI? jyefvnf pdwfcs rIay;jcif;? ESpfodrfhrIESifh tjcm;aom toif;0ifwYk\
d
0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifonfh toufwmvrf;c&D;wGif vkt d yfaom owif;pum;rsm;
ukday;onf/ c&pf,meftawG;ac:ynm&Sif? wuúokdvf ya&mfzufqmESifh pma&;q&m
vnf;jzpfNyD; aoqk;H oGm;avNyDjzpfaom 'g;v'f0D;vwfu ]]vlwpfOD;csif;pDwkdif;
awGYBuKHMum;odcJh&aom bk&m;&Sif\ toHawmfrsm;xJrS jznf;nif;NyD; ao;i,faom
toHawmfonf usefaomt&mtm;vk;H xuf omíBuD;rm;NyD; tuefYtowfr&Sdaom
tcef;u@wpf&yf jzpfonf}} [k av;eufpGm wkduf wGef;cJhzl;onf5/
wpfpkHwpfcku uRefawmfwYkd\ *½kpkdufjcif;ukd&,laeonf/ wpfpkHwpfa,muf
aomolu uRefawmfwYkd Mum;em&ef vkt d yfonfh owif;pum;ukd qufoG,fajymqkd
aeonf/ okYdr[kwf uREfkyfwkt
dY wGif;pdwfxJwGif tcsdKUaomt&mrsm;ukd wpfae&m
r[kwf wpfae&mokYd a&GUvsm;&ef vIaHY qmfay;aeouJhokdY cHpm;&onf/ vIaHY qmfonfh
enf;vrf;onf yk*K¾d vf? tajctaersm;ESifh vkdtyfrItay:rlwnfí uGjJ ym;rI&SdEkdif
onf/ okdaY omf rnfoYkdaom enf;vrf;jzifh qufoG,fajymqkyd gap trsm;tm;jzifh
ac:a0:orkwfjcif;cHaom t&mrSm or®mw&m;jzpfonf/ oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf
xHrS vmaom pum;vk;H wkdif;wGif or®mw&m;ESifh ywfoufonfh uGif;quf&Sdonf/
tu,fí tpykdif;wGif xkdokdYaomt&mukd rawG&Y aomfvnf; aemufykdif;wGif
awGYjrif&vdrfhrnf/
toif;awmf pwifí aygufzGm;vmaomaeYrS pwifí c&pfawmf\ aemuf
vkdufwkYdonf bk&m;ocif ajymqkdaom xkdor®mw&m;ukd EIwfuywfawmf zwfMum;
jcif;? oifMum;cH,ljcif;ESifh a[majymoGefoifjcif;wkdYrS cHpm;odjrifvmcJMh uonf/ uRef
awmfwkdYonf "r®a[mif; ya&mzufrsm;ESifh "r®opf wrefawmfrsm;wkYd\ a&;om;xm;
onfh or®mw&m;wkdYudk em;axmifMuNyD; Mum;od&aom xkdor®mw&m;ukd ouf0if,kH
MunfEkdif&eftwGuf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfaf wmfukd tm;xm;Mu&onf/ &Sifaygvkonf
aum&dEÅK&Sd ,kMH unfolrsm;ukd &Sif;jy&mwGif olwkdY\ ,kMH unfjcif;onf uRrf;usif aom
a[majymrI okrdY [kwf jiif;ckHrIwkdYaMumifh r[kwfbJ oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf \
wefc;kd awmfESifh oufaoxlrIaMumifjh zpfonf [kqkd\/ xkdokdYqkd&mwGif olonf ol
5
Willard, Hearing God, 115.
vkyfaqmifcJhonfh tHHhbG,f edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;udk qkad umif;qkdvdrfhrnf/ okYdaomf
olwk\dY twGif;xJwGif oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfu ouf0if ,kHMunfaponfh t&m
ukdvnf; ajymqkdaejcif;jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvk\ a&cHajrcHtajctaeukd ajym&rnfqkd
vQif? xkdtcsdef&Sd tawG;tac: ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh *sL;bmoma&; acgif;aqmifwkdYonf
xyfrH &Sif;jyp&mrvkdaom or®mw&m;rsm;? olwkdY\ ½k;d &mtpOftvmrsm; okYdr[kwf
rdrdawG; ac:aomt&mukd oufaojyEkdifonfh or®mw&m;wkYdukdomvQif tm;xm;rI
jyKMuNyD; c&pfawmf\ u,fwifjcif;owif;aumif;ukd rkdufrJrItjzpf jiif;y,fcJhMu
onf/ okdYaomfvnf; u,fwifjcif; owif;Mum;em&onfh jzpfpOfwGif oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmfukd awGYBuKHcHpm;cJhaomolwYkdonf ,kMH unfolrsm;jzpfvmNyD; c&pfawmf\
aemufawmfvkdufrsm; jzpfvmcJMh uonf6/ xkdenf;wlpGm? aygvku oufomavmedwf&Sd
c&pf,mefwkdYudk pma&;ykYd&mwGif ]]igwkdYa[majymaom {0Ha*vdw&m;onf oifwkdYü
pum;oufouf jzpfonfr[kwf/ wefckd;ESifhaomf¤if;? oef&Y Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfESifh
¤if; 0dpdudpämr&Sbd J trSefodjcif;ESifh¤if; jynfhpkHaom w&m;jzpf\}} (1ouf 1;5)[k
owday;EI;d aqmfxm;onf/
xkYdaMumifh? tNydKiftqkdifjzpfaeaom ajymqkdoHrsm;? tawG;tac:rsm;? bmom
w&m; xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;? vdrfhwufaeonfh pdwfcHpm; csufrsm;ESifh bk&m;ocifukd
odjcif;ESifh tvkdawmfukd odjrifem;vnfjcif;wkdYtwGuf pdefac:rIrsm; Mum;xJwGif
bk&m;ocifonf xkdoYdkaom twm;tqD;jzpfaponfh rIef0g;rIrsm;ukd NzdKcGif;vQuf
uRefawmfwkdYtwGuf or®mw&m;ukd trsKd;rsdK;aom enf;vrf;tm;jzifh ykYdaqmifay;rnf
ukd arQmfvifhapmifhpm;oifhonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uRefawmfwYkdtm; tdrfrufrsm;
tm;jzifh¤if;? ½Iyg½krH sm;tm;jzifh¤if;? Mum;EkdifonfhtoHjzifh¤if; pum;ajymEkdifonf/
okYdaomf rsm;aomtm;jzifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf uRefawmfwkdYukd c&pfawmf
xHokdY ykdYaqmifay;&ef? toufwm BuD;xGm; &ifhusuf&mwGif ulnD&efESifh 0dnmOf
toufwm wpfavQmuf vrf;jyykdYaqmifay;&ef oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf EIwf
uywffawmftm;jzifh uRefawmfwkdY\ todpdwfxJwGif or®mw&m;ukd wkd;nSif;aom
avoHjzifh pum;ajymonf/
uREfkyfwko
dY nf a,sbk,s trSefw&m;ESifh xkdtrSefw&m; vufawGYtokH;cs
rIrsm;ukd vufcH,kHMunfNyD; ckdifrmaom ,kMH unfcsuf csEdkifap&eftwGuf 0dnmOfawmf
onf or®musrf;pmtm;jzifh pum;ajym&ef arQmfvifx h m;oifhonf/ xkdokdY vufcH,kH
6
1aum 2;4-14 ukdMunfyh g/
Munfjcif;ESifh ckdifrmaom,kHMunfcsuf csrSwfjcif; ESpfckpvk;H onf tvGefta&;yg
onf/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf? EIwfuywfawmf usrf;pmxJwGif c&pfawmf\
aemufvkdufrsm;ESifh oifhavsmfvkdufzufaom "r®tawG;tac:qkdif&mESifh vlrIusifh
0wfykdif;qkdif&m oGefoifrIwkdYukd ay;xm;onf/ xkdt&monf ,kMH unfjcif;ESifh wynfh
awmfjzpfjcif;wkYdtwGuf todÓPfynmqkdif&m tajctjrpfukday;onf/ wpfcsdef
wnf;rSmyif 0dnmOfawmfonf rMumcPqkdovkdyif or®musrf;pmukd tok;H jyKNyD;
uRefawmfwkd\ Y touf wmwGif tvGefta&;ygaom wdusonfh uk, d fa&;ukd,fwm
taMumif;t&mudpörsm; wku dY kd wkduf½kdufajymqkdvQuf&Sdonf/ wdarmaoMo0g' 'kwd
,pmapmifwGif ,kMH unf olrsm;\ 0dnmOfa&;&mukd ykHoGif;&mwGif or®musrf;pmonf
rnfrQ eufeJus,fjyefYNyD; wefbkd;&Sdonfh tcef;u@wGif &Sdaeonfukd uRefawmfwYkd
zwf½I&ygonf/
a,½Ic&pfukd ,kHMunfjcif;tm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;tvkYdiSg ynmukday;Ekdifaom
"r¨usrf;pmukd i,faomt&G,frSpí avhusufonfukd¤if; odrSwfonfESifh txufu
oifí ESvkH;oGif;rdaom t,l0g'ü wnfaeavmh/ xkdusrf;pm&SdorQonf
bk&m;ocif rIwfoGi;f awmfrlaomtm;jzifhjzpfí? bk&m;ocif\vlonf pkv H ifaomol?
aumif;aomtrItrsdK;rsdK;wkdYudk jyKpkjcif;tvkdYiSg jyifqifaomoljzpfrnftaMumif;?
Mo0g'ay;jcif;? tjypfudkabmfjyjcif;? ajzmifrh wfpGmjyKjyifjcif;? w&m;ukdoGefoifjcif;
aus;Zl;rsm;ukd jyKwwf\ (2wd 3;15-17)/
or®musrf;pm\ eufeJjcif;ESifh <u,f0rIwkdYukd Munfjh rifEkdif&ef enf;vrf;wpfck
wnf; r&SdouJhokdY or®musrf;pmonf 0dnmOfa&;qkdif&m &nf&G,fcsuf wpfckwnf;
twGufr[kwfyg/ or®musrf;pmoifMum;jcif;? a[majymjcif;ESifh or®musrf;pmukd qif
jcif ESv;kH oGif;jcif;ESifh bk&m;&Sdckd;jcif;qkdif&m or®musrf;pmzwf½Ijcif; (lectio divina7
uJhokdUaom) xko d Ykdaom tjcm;0dnmOfa&;qkdif&m usifah qmifrIrsm;? tcsif;csif; wpfOD;
\tusdK;ukdwpfOD; axmuf½Ijcif; tm;vkH;onf &ifhusufvmaeaom c&pf,mefwkdY\
tusdK;twGufyifjzpfonf/ azmfjyyg wpfckcsif;pDwkdif;onf 0dnmOffawmf\ toHawmf
ukd Mum;emEkdif&eftwGuf uGjJ ym;aom enf;vrf;rsm;jzpfNyD; wpfckcsif;pDwkdif;uvnf;
uRefawmfwkdY 0dnmOfa&;&m BuD;xGm;rItwGuf rwlnDaomt&mrsm;ukd ay;Muonf/

7
EIwfuywfawmf usrf;pmukd tok;H jyKí qkawmif;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí &&SEd ikd faom taxmuftuljyK t&if;tjrpfrsm;ukd Smith \ The word is
very near you ukdMunfyh g/
 0dnmOfawmfonf EIwfuywfawmfusrf;pmukd tok;H jyKí uRefawmfwYkdtm; p
um;ajymjcif;ukd xyfrHjznfhpGufí azmfjy&rnfqkdvQif xkd0dnmOfawmf\ wk;d nif;aom
pum;oHukd uRefawmfwYk\ d aeYpOftoufwmxJwGif tm;ukd;tm;xm;jyKMu&rnf/ qk
awmif;jcif;? toufwmwGif awGBY uKHae&aom tajctaersm;tm;jzifh bk&m;o
cifESifh euf½Idif;aom aygif;oif;qufqHrIukd zGHYNzdK;wkd;wufapNyD; xkdtajctaewGif
0dnmOfawmfu EIwfuywfawmfusrf;pmrS or®mw&m;wkdYukd tokH;cs&eftwGuf ulnD
rpay;onf/ toufwmxJü 0dnmOfawmf\pum;oHukd em;axmifjcif;jzifh aeYpOft
oufwm tajctaetm;vkH;wGif tNrJwrf; ul;vl;qufqHjcif;&Sdonfh bk&m;ocifESifh
&if;ES;D uRrf;0ifaom aygif;oif;qufqHrIonf b&mom avm&ifhpf qkdolu tus,f
wpf0ifh tavhtusifhjyKcJh&mrS tpjyKjzpfay:vmcJhonfh ]]bk&m;ocif\ rsufarSmuf
d nfht&myifjzpfonf8/
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vnf;jyKMu&ygrnf/

rkduf(cf)\ em;axmifjcif;wGif awGBY uKHcHpm;cJh&aomt&m

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awmfonf uRefawmftm; xyfcgwpfvJvJ tjcm;wpfOD;twGuf ta&;BuD;NyD; awGYjrif
Mum;em&ef vkdtyfaom vlyk*K¾d vfESifhqkdifaom trSefw&m;rsm;ukd azmfjycJhygonf/
wpfcgwpf&H xkdokdYaom azmfjyrIonf tpGrf;BuD;aom ½kyfykHum;csyf jzpfaeonf/
useftcsdefrsm;wGif jyefvnfpdwfcsrIukday;aom pum;jzpfon/ wpfcgwpf&H tod
pdwfxJ EIwfuywfawmfrS tvGeft"dyÜg,f&Sdaom usrf;csuf 0ifa&mufvmwwfonf/

8
Lawrence, The Practice of the Presence of God.
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em;axmifvkdaom tvkdqE´&Sdvmaomtcg olonf rnfonfht&m twGufrQ pkd;&drf
aMumuf&GHUp&mtaMumif;r&Sdonfukd awGYjrifcJhonf/ wpfu,fawmh 0dnmOfawmfonf
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wpfa,muftjzpf qE´jyKjcif;omr[kwfbJ wu,fjzpfwnf aeonfukdvnf;
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tawGYtBuKH wpfck[k qdkonfrmS bk&m;ocifukd vufawGYtrSefwu,f em;axmif
jcif;ESifh xkdbk&m;ocifukd wkYjH yefrIjyKonfh tawGYtBuKHukd ukd,fwkdifawGYBuKHjcif;jzpf
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aom vkyfaqmifrI jzpfonfukd odaom todtm½kHukdvnf; &&Sx d m;onf/ xkdokdY vkyf
aqmifjcif;[k qkd&mwGif ynm&Sd pum;vk;H wpfcGef; okYdr[kwf ESpfoufbG,faom t
&m? &ufa&maomt&m? Muifemjcif;ESifh taxmuftrjzpfaom t&monf rnf
onfht&m jzpfaMumif;ukd &k;d &Sif;NyD; opfqef;onfeh nf;jzifh azmfjyjcif;vnf; jzpfEkdif
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uefaeonft h csdefwGif vGefcJhonfhtcsdefu bk&m;&SifxHrS &&Scd Jhaom owif;pum;u
rnfokdYaom taxmuftrukd ay;oenf;/ bk&m;ocifonf oifhtwGufol\ BuD;
rm;aom cspfjcif;arwåmawmfukd jyefvnfpdwfcsapvkdonfvnf; jzpfEkdifonf/ 0dnmOf
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vTwf&ef okdYr[kwf oifhukd,foif cGifhvTwf&ef ajymaejcif;vnf; jzpfEkdio f nf/
0dnmOfawmfu bk&m;&Sifoifhukd vkyfaqmifapvkdaom t&mwpfckckukd zGifhjy
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oifonf em;axmifaeonf qko d nfht&myifjzpfonf/

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pGefYí olrod ra&mufzl;onfh bk&m;&Sif azmfjyrnhfjynfoYkd oGm;&ef rdefYrSmaomtcg
csufcsif;xí oGm;avonf (urÇm 12;1-4)/ a,moyfonf bk&m;&Sif\ tvkd
awmfESifh ywfoufí tdrfrufESifh ½lyg½kHrsm;ESifh owday;jcif;cH&aomtcg bk&m;&Sif
onf olazmfjyonfhtwkdif; jzpfaprnf[k ,kMH unfí oljrifrufonfht&mESifh ywf
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rsm;ukd vkyfaqmifcJhMuolrsm;vnf; &Sdonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh arma&Sonf xkdokdYaom
vlxJrS wpfOD;jzpfonf/ olonf £oa&vvlrsdK;rsm; uRefcHaeaomb0rS bk&m;&Sif
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bk&m;&Siftm; ]]tuREfkyfonf tb,faomol jzpfí zga&mbk&ifxHokYd 0ifojzifh £
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olonf rsm;pGmaom qifajcESifh ar;jref;rIrsm;ukd jyKNyD;aemuf ol\tm;enf;csufjzpf
onfh pum;aES;aomt&mukd bk&m;&Siftm; axmufjycJhonf (xGuf 4;10)/
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jynfokdY ykYdaqmifcJhonf/
"r®opfusrf;wGif a,½Ionf crnf;awmftm; ]][kwfuJh}} qkjd cif;ESifh wynfh
awmfrsm;ESifh wrefawmfrsm;uvnf; a,½Iukd ]][kwfuJh}}[k qkdxm;csufrsm;ukd awGY&Sd
&ygonf/ ueOD; toif;awmfwkdYonfvnf; oef&Y Sif;aom 0dnmOf awmftm; rsm;pGm
aom enf;vrf;jzifh ]][kwfuJh}}[k qkdxm;onfukd awGY&Sd&ygonf/ "r®a[mif;acwf
umvvkdyif "r®opfumv ,kMH unfolrsm;onfvnf; olwkdY\toufwmwGif bk&m;
&Sif\ ac:xm;rIukd em;axmifí yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIrsm;? emcHjcif;? tapcHjcif;ESifh
bk&m;&Si\
f tvkdawmfudk jynfhpkHap&ef twGuf rdrdwkdYukd,fukd qufuyfjcif;rsm;ukd
azmfjyxm;ygonf/ xkdokdY ay;qyf&mwGif wpfcgwpf&H BuD;rm;aom rdrdukd,fukd
ylaZmfqufuyffrIESifh wpfcgwpf&H taocHjcif;jzifh ay;qyfcJhMuonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
rm&donf bk&m;&Sif\ tvkdawmfukd tjynfht0 qufuyfjcif;ESifh ywfoufí
taumif;qk;H aom ykHoufaojzpfonf/ olronf aumif;uifwrefrS oefY&Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf wefc;kd onf olr\ ukd,fay:wGif oufa&mufjcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;\
om;awmfukd arG;zGm;&rnf [kqkdaomtcg ]]tuREfkyfonf xm0&bk&m;\ uRefjf zpfyg
\ ukd,fawmf\ pum;twkdif; tuREfkyfüjzpfygap}} [kqkdcJhonf (vkum 1;38)/
"r®opfumvwGif awGjY rif&aom topftqef;wpfckrSm ,kMH unfolrsm;onf
0dnmOfawmfESifh jynfh0jcif;? 0dnmOfawmf wefc;kd oufa&mufjcif;? 0dnmOfawmfxHrS
qkaus;Zl;&&Sjd cif;ESifh 0dnmOfawmf\ OD;aqmifvrf;jyNyD; bk&m;&Sif\ ac:xm;jcif;udk
]][kwfuJh}} xl;apaom 0dnmOfawmf\ uwdawmfwkdYukd ay;xm;onf 9 / "r®a[mif;
acwf tygt0if ,kMH unfol vlom;wkdY\ toufwmwGif tvkyfvkyfaqmifaeaom
olonf xkdoefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf wpfyg;wnf;jzpfNyD; twlwlyifjzpfonf/ okdY
aomfvnf; yifawukawåaeYrS pwifí ,kHMunfolrsm;ukd ay;cJhaom 0dnmOfawmf
onf ocifc&pfawmf\f a&ShusaomolwYkd awGYBuKH&aomt&mESifh vlom;tm;vk;H
xJwGif&Sdonfh bk&m;xHrSvmaomtoufESifh oD;jcm;uGJvGJpGm "r®opfusrf;a&;olwkdYu
azmfjy xm;onf10/ ,ckwGif 0dnmOfawmf\ rsufarSmufawmfESifh vkyfaqmifrIonf
9
"r®a[mif;wGif oef&Y Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ wefck;d oGef;avmif;jcif;? wwfuRrf;rI ynmrsm;ay;jcif;? wpfOD;csif;pDukd ynmay;jcif;wkYdukd rsm;pGmawGY&Sd&NyD;
,ck "r®opfwGifrl oef&Y Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf ,kMH unfol wpfOD;csif;wkdY\ toufwmwGif tajccHusaom t&mrsm;jzpfonfh u,fwifjcif;? bk&m;
ocifESifh aygif;oif;qufqHjcif;ESifh c&pfawmf\ ukd,fcE¨mukd,f tpdwftyddkif;taejzifh tapcHEkdif&ef aqmif&Gufay;onf/ ,kMH unfolrsm;\ toufwm
wGif 0dnmOfawmf\ tykdif;u@rsm;ESifh rnfokYdvkyfaqmifonfukd usrf;ykd'fwpfckcsif; &Sif;vif;azmfjycsufESifh ywfoufí Fee \ God’s empowering
Presence ukd Munfhyg/ aemufqufwGJrsm;wGif Fee uvnf; “The Spirit in the Old Testament”(904-910; cf.Levison, Inspired ) "r® a[mif;umv&Sd
0dnmOfawmfukdvnf NcHKikaH vh vmcsufjyKxm;ygonf/ ynm&yftwGufaomfvnf;aumif; omrefpmzwf y&dwfowftwGufaomfvnf;aumif; pma&;om;
onfh ygarmu© Jack Levison onf rMumrDESpfrsm;wGif oef&Y Sif;aom 0dnmOf ESifh ywfoufonfh tus,fjyefYq;kH okawoejyKcsuf wpfckukd jyKvkyfcJh
onf/ ol\ aocsmpGm teufzGifh&Sif;vif;ay;xm;onfh a&;om;csufonf aumif;aom pdwful;? tpOftvmtwkid f; em;vnfoabmayguf cJhonfh t&m
ESifh rwl aom qef;us,frIjzpfonfh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfESifh vlom;wkYd touf&Sifaexkid frIMum;&Sd aygif ;oif;qufqHrIESi?fh wpfpkHwpfOD;\ bk&m;&Sif
ESifh aygif;oif;qufqHrIwkdYukd rD;armif;xk;d jyxm;onf/ twkdcsKH;ajym&rnfqkdvQif Jack Levison u vlom;tm;vk;H wkYd\ toufwmwGif 0dnmOfawmf
&Sad e jcif;t aMumif;ukd tav;xm;ajymqkdxm;NyD; oef&Y Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh c&pf,mefwYkd awGYBuKHae&aom t&monf vlom;tm;vk;H wkYdü&Sd
aom ta&twGufxuf ykdrsm;aom ta&twGuf jzpfaMumif; tckdiftrmajymqkdxm;onf/ ( Jack Levison \ tjrifESifh ywfoufNyD; tao;tpdwfwkdY
ukd atmufwGif az:jyxm;aom t&mukd Munfhyg)/ "r®a[mif;ESifh "r®opfMum;&Sd ,kMH unfolrsm;wkdY \ toufwmwGif oef&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ quf
vuf vkyfaqmifrI tawGt Y BuKHrsm;ESifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfxHrS ynmonf uRefawmfwYkdtwGuf &&SEd ikd faomt&mjzpfaMumif;wkdYukd oifah vsmf
avsmufywfpGm tav;xm; azmfjyxm;csufukd uRefawmf *kPf,lcsD;rGrf;rdygonf/ okdYaomfvnf; xkdoYkd 0dnmOfawmf \ qufvuf vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ukd
ykíd tav;xm;azmfjyjcif;onf wpfcgwpf&H &Sifaygvku qkdxm;onfh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfukd toufwmajymif;vJaponftxd tHrh cef;avmuf
atmif vufcH&&Sdonfh ,kHMunfolrsm;ESifh r,kHMunfolrsm;Mum;&Sd oD;oefYcjGJ cm;xm;csufukd ar;rSdefyaysmufapEkid f ygonf/
10
ocifa,½Iu 0dnmOfawmfukd awmif;aomolwkdif;tm; ay;rnf[k (vkum 11;13)wGif rdeq fY kdxm;onf/ qkdvkdo nfrSm 0dnmOfawmfonf olwYkdtxJü
&Sd aomt&mESifh rwlaomt&mjzpfonf/ wrefawmf0x¬KwGif ayw½konf wyg;trsdK; ,kHMunfolrsm;ukyd ifvQif bk&m;ocifvufcHaMumif; tb,f
aMumifhqakd omf ]]xkod lwkdYukdvnf; 0dnmOfawmf ay;oem;awmfrlaomjzpfonf}} (wref 15;8)/ qkdvkdonfrSm bk&m;ocifu olwYkdukd cE¨mukd,f touf
&Sif aexkdifEkdif&eftwGuf ay;xm;aom touftay: xyfrHí xkd0dnmOfawmfukd ay;vku d fjcif;jzpfonf/ 0dnmOfawmf onf ,kMH unfolrsm; u,fwifjcif;
twGuf bk&m;&Sifu ay;xm;aom tmrcHjzpfonf (2aum 1;22? {zuf 1;14)/ c&pfawmfü &Sad om ,k HMunfolwYkdonf olwYküd ay;xm;aom
,kMH unfolwkdY\ ,kMH unfjcif;ESifh opöm&Sdjcif;wkdYrS cGJjcm;ír&Ekdifyg/ ,cktcgwGif
bk&m;&Sifukd ]][kwfuJh}} xl;jcif;onf wpfOD;csif;pD\ toufwmxJwGif vQHxGufae
aom bk&m;&Sif\aus;Zl;awmf (bk&m;&Sif\ aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifh txHawmfü ESdrfhcs
pGm qufuyftyfEHS&aomfvnf; bk&m;&Sif\ tvkad wmfukd vufajrSmuft½I;H ay;aom
vkyf&yf wpfcktvm;cHpm;&jcif;)ESifh 0dnmOfawmfü vkv d kdvm;vm; wrif&nf&G,fyg
0ifaqmif&Gufjcif; (bk&m;&Sif\ aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh wkjHY yefrIjyK&onfukd rdrdtvkd
qE´ESifh ZmwduywdpdwfESifh r[kwfbJ 0dnmOfawmf\ pdwfawmfukd A[kjd yKNyD; BudK;pm;
qk;H jzwfcsuf csrSwfjcif;aMumifhtvm; cHpm;&jcif;) jzpfonf/ "r®a[mif;&Sd ,kMH unf
olwkdYonf bk&m;&Sif\ cGifhvTwfjcif;w&m;? pifMu,fapjcif;w&m;? opöm&SdpGmtouf
&Sifaexkdif&eftwGuf wefc;kd awmf oGef;avmif;jcif;wkdYukd cHpm;&NyD; "r®opf&Sd ,kMH unf
olrsm;ukdrl ya&mzufa,&rd\ y#dnmOfw&m;opfESifh pyfqkdifaom ya&mzufjyKcsuf
ESifhtnD oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfukday;cJhonf (a,&rd 31;31-34)/ c&pfawmf
<uvmjcif;ESifh ,kMH unfolrsm;tay:wGif 0dnmOfawmfoGef;avmif;jcif;wkdYaMumifh
bk&m;&Siftm; tjyifrSvmaom tm;uk;d tm; xm;p&mwpfck taejzifh rjrifawmhbJ
uRefawmfwkdYtxJwGif tNrJusdef;0yfí bk&m;&SifESifh&if;ES;D uRrf;0ifapNyD; trSefwu,f
toGifajymif;vJjcif;ukday;onfh rsufarSmufawmftjzpf awGjY rifvmonf 11 / xkYd
aMumifh bk&m;&Sifukd ]][kwfuJh}} xl;jcif;onf bk&m;&Sif\tvkdawmfukd qufuyf 0efcH
0dnmOfqkaus;Zl;ukd azmfjyay;onfh 0dnmOfawmfukd ]]vufcH&&Sx d m;}}onf ( 1aum 2;12)/ c&pfawmf\ aemufvkdufrsm;onf c&pfawmf\
cE¨mukd,fjzpfaom t oif;awmfukd wnfaqmuf&eftwGuf ]]0dnmOfawmf \ xif&Sm;jcif;tcGifh}} ukad y;xm;onf (1aum 12;7)/ bk&m;&Sifonf
uRefawmfwYkd\ ]]pdwfESvk;H xJ wGif tAÁtb [kac:wwfaom om;awmf\ 0dnmOfawmfukd apvTwfawmfrl\}} (*vm 4;6)/ ,kHMunfolrsm; c&pf,mef
tawGYtBuKHtjzpf vufcH&&Sd aom 0dnmOfawmfonf ]]om;orD;t&mukd ay;aom 0dnmOfawmf}} jzpfNyD; (a&m 8;15) xkd0dnmOfawmfonf olwkEdY Sifhtwl
qkawmif;NyD; olwkdYtwGuf qk awmif;ay;aom 0dnmOfawmfjzpfonf/ wrefawmf aygvku ta&;BuD;oGefoifxm;onfrSm c&pfawmfukd
,kMH unfaomolwYkdonf 0dnmOfawmf wefck;d tm;jzifhomvQif tjypf\ wefc;kd rS vTwfajrmufapEkdifonf (a&m 8;1-6)/ tb,faMumifhqakd omf
]]c&pfawmfü &Sad omolwkYdtwGif;ü bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmf usdef;0yfaomaMumifh}} xko d Ykad omt&mukd jzpfapEkdifonf/ qkdvo kd nfh oabmrSm
bk&m;&Sif (a,½I)\ 0dnmOfawmf rusdef;0yfaomolrsm; vnf; &Sdonf (a&m 8;9-11)[k qdkvkdjcif;jzpfonf/
11
usrf;&if;qkid f&m usrf;pmESifh tjcm;aom a&S;usaom bmoma&;ESifh tawG;ac:ykdif;qkid f&m a&;om;rIrsm;u azmfjyxm;ouJhoYkdyif Levison onf
vlom;wkY\ d 0dnmOfobm0ESifh bk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfwkYd\ qufEG,frIukd aocsmpGm tus,fwpf0ifh okawoejyKcJhonf/ ol \ okawoejyKcsufwGif
oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfESifh vlom;wkdY\ 0dnmOf(bk&m;xHrS vmaom)wkYd qufvuf qufEG,frI&aSd ejcif;ukd azmfjyxm;onf/ okadY omfvnf; uRefawmf
\ tjrift& wpfck csefxm;cJhonf[k qkcd sifygonf/ xkt d &mrSm zefqif;&SifESifh zefqif;cH okYdr[kwf vlom;wkid f;wGif &Sad omt&m(c&pfawmf ESifh ,kMH unf
jcif;rSvNGJ yD;)ESifh c&pf,mefwkYd oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfukd &,lcHpm;onft h cgwGif &Sad omt&mwkYEd Sifh ywfoufí uGJujGJ ym;jym; azmfjyxm;jcif;r&dS[k jrif
ygonf/ Oyrm taejzifh ajym&vQif Levison u or®musrf;pmqkid f&m usrf;&if;tm;vk;H wkYdu ]]c&pf,mefr[kwfaomolwkdYonfvnf; bk&m;&Sif\ 0dnmOf
awmftm; arG;puyif ¤if;wkYd\ twGif;xJwGif ynm? A[kokw? uRrf;usifrIESifh oefY&Sif;rI wkdY\t&if;tjrpfwpfck tjzpfawGBY uKHcHpm;Ekid frIukd twnfjyK
xm;onf}} (Levison, Inspired, 66) [k ajcyajymqkx d m;onf/ þa&;om;rIonf wpfyikd f;rSefaomfvnf; "r®opfusrf;a&;olrsm;jzpfonfh (&SifvkumESifh
txl;ojzifh &Sifaygvk)wkdY\ ajymqkd a&;om;[ef? oGefoifcsufESifh &nf&G,fcsufwYkdESifh ukdufnDjcif;r&Sdyg/ xkdusrf;a&;olwYkdu omrefvlom;wkYd \ tawGY
tBuKH? pGrf;aqmifEkid frIESifh c&pfawmfü ,kMH unfolrsm; bk&m;&SifxHrS olwYkdü r&Sdaomt&mukd tyfESif;onfh 0dnmOfawmfukd ]]vufcH&&Sad om}}olwYkdESifh uGJ
jym;aMumif; a&;om;azmfjyxm;onf (Oyrm? wref 10;44-47)/ tjcm;aom OyrmwpfckrSm Levison onf ]]oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf}} ukdpmvk;H tBuD;
ESifh azmfjyxm;jcif; r&Sjd cif;jzpfonf/ tb,faMumifq h kdaomf? ol\tjrifwGif c&pf,mefrsm;u tpOftvmtwkdif; ac:qkdxm;onfh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOf
awmfonf vlom;wkdif;wGif tusKd;jyKaqmif&Gufaeonfh ]]0dnmOf-touf]]ESifh twlwlyifjzpfonf[k ,lqxm;onf/ (or®musrf;pm a&;om;olrsm;u
bk&m;&Sif\ 0dnmOfawmfESifh vlom;wkdY\ 0dnmOfukd azmfjy&mwGif a[NAJESifh *&dpum; ruach ESifh pneuma wpfrsdK;wnf;uko d mvQif tok;H jyK azmfjyxm;
onf [Inspired, 162])/ wzef? ol\&SmazGawGY&Sdcsufonf t"dyÜg,f&Sdaomfvnf; a,bk,s azmfjycsufjzpfonfh vlom;awGxJwGif bk&m;uay;xm;aom
0dnmOfaeonfhtxJwGif xyfrHí bk&m;&Sif\ 0dnmOfawmfukd vlom;rsm;twGuf ay;vku d fonfukd jynfhpkHpGm xif[yfapjcif;r&SdcJh/ &Siaf ygvk\ pmapmif
wGif&Sd pneuma qkad om pum;vk;H ukd bmomjyefqkd&mwGif awGBY uKH&aom ½IyfaxG;rIESifh jyóemrsm;taMumif; aqG;aEG;csufESifh ywfoufí Fee
\aqG;aEG;xm;csufukd Munfhyg (God’s Enpowering presence, 14-28)/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif bk&m;&Sif\ 0dnmOfawmfESifh bk&m;&Sifu vlom;wkYdukd
ay;xm;aom 0dnmOfukd uGJuGJjym;jym; azmfjy&mwGif Fee u rSefuefpGm avhvmok;H oyfxm;NyD; ,kMH unfolrsm;\ toufwmwGif &Sifaygvk\ qkt d &
]]vlom;\ 0dnmOf ae&mwGif bk&m;&Sif\ 0dnmOfawmf tm;jzifh vlom;ESifh bk&m;&Sif wkdY\ qufoG,frIjyKonf}} (God’s Enpowering presence, 25)/
&ef ("r®a[mif;acwf\pH) wpfckwnf; vkdtyfjcif; r[kwfawmhbJ c&pfawmfü bk&m;
&SifESifh wpfOD;csif; aygif;oif;qufqHrIESifh aeYpOfaeYwkdif; 0dnmOfawmf\ ac:aqmif
&mukd yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifjcif; ("r®opfacwf)wkYdvkdtyfygonf/
ocifa,½Ionf crnf;awmfu olYtwGufxm;&Sdaom &nf&G,fcsufukd tapcH
aomtcg tvGefBuD;rm;aom 0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifonfh ]][kwfuJh}} xl;onfh ukd;
uG,fqufuyfrI ykHpHwpfckukd azmfaqmifcJhonf/ xkdt&mrSm &uf&ufpufpuf vuf
0g;uyfwkdifay:wGif a0'em cHpm;&jcif;ESifh aemufqkH; taocHonfh wkdifatmif a&G;
cs,frIukd jyKvkyfcjJh cif;jzpfonf/ rdrdESifhywfoufí em;vnf oabmaygufxm;onf
ukd (rm 10;45)wGif ]]taMumif;rlum; vlom;onf olwyg;ukd appm; jcif;iSgrvm?
olwyg;tapukd cHjcif;iSg¤if;? rdrdtoufukd pGefYívlrsm;ukd a&G;jcif;iSg¤if;? <uvmo
wnf;}} [k rdefYqkdum twdtvif; aMujimajymqkdcJhonf/ ocifa,½Ionf vuf0g;
uyf wkdifay:wGif taocHawmfrrlrD em&Dykdif;tvkd a*oma&Sreft f &yfwGif ]]tkt
d b
tvkdawmf&SdvQif þcGufukd tuREfkyfrS vTJawmfrlyg/ okdYaomfvnf; tuREkfyftvkd&Sd
onftwkid f; rjzpfygapESifh/ ukd,fawmftvkd&Sdonf twkdif; jzpfygapaom}} (vkum
22;42) [k >rufqkdcJhaom pum;onf ol\ bk&m;&Siftm; ]][kwfuJh}} xl;jcif;\
av;eufrIukd qufvufazmfjy odjrifaponf/ okdYaomf ol\ wkjHY yefrIonf bk&m;&Sif
xH rdrd\ tvkdqE´wpfckwnf; qufuyftyfESHjcif;r[kwfyg/ okadY omf? ol\touf
wm&Sd 0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfaqmifrIukd t½I;H ay;vufcHjcif;ESifh trSDjyKjcif;jzpfonf/ &Sif
vkum\ c&pf0ifusrf;wGif txl;ojzifh &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; azmfjyxm;onfht&mwpfck
rSm ocifa,½Iukd ukd,f0efaqmifonfhtcsdefrSpí ol\ a&ESpfjcif;*FvmcH,ljcif;?
tHhHbG,f edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;ESifh tjcm; trIawmfaqmifvkyfief; u@ajrmufrsm;
pGmwkdYwGif bk&m;&Siftm; ocifa,½Iu ]][kwfuJh}} [k xl;jcif;onf oef&Y Sif;aom
0dnmOfawmf\ vkyfaqmifjcif;? OD;aqmifjcif;? wefckd;oGef;avmif;jcif;ESifh 0dnmOf
awmfESifh jynfh0apjcif;ESifh cGJjcm;r&atmif xyfwlxyfrQusonf12/ xkYdaMumifh ocif
a,½I\toufwmESifh bk&m;&Sif\ ac:xm;jcif;tay: wkjHY yefrIwkdYonf aemufykdif;
wGif ol\aemufvkdufrsm;u 0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifonfh toufwmukd zufwG,frnfh
t&mtwGuf a&Shajy; edrdwfwpfckjzpfonf/
tajccHtusqk;H aom awmif;qkdrISESifh ywfoufí ocifa,½Ionf wynfh
awmfwkdYukd oGefoif&mwGif wynfhawmfqkdonfrSm ac:xm;cH&jcif;ukd wkHYjyefaom t
12
vkum 1;35? 2; 27? 3;16? 22? 4;1? 14-21? 10;21 ukMd unfhyg/
aejzifh rdrd\ t&m&mtm;vkH;ukd ay;tyfjcif;jzpfonf/ þt&mESifh ywfoufí &Sif
rmukc&pf 0ifusrf;wGif zwf½I&onfrSm-
]]xkdtcg wynfhawmfwYkdESifh y&dwfowfrsm;ukd ac:awmfrlNyD;vQif? tMuifolonf igü
qnf;uyfjcif;iSg tvkd&Sd\/ xkdolonf uk, d fhukdudk,fjiif;y,f&rnf/
ukd,fvuf0g;um;wkid fukd xrf;í aemufokdYvkduf&rnf/ tMuifolonf rdrd\
toufukdu,fjcif;iSgtvkd&Sd\/ xkdolonf toufqkH;½I;H vdrfhrnf/ tMuifolonf
ighaMumifh¤if;? {0Ha*vdaMumifh¤if; touf½;IH \/ xkdolonf rdrdtoufukdu,f
q,fvdrfhrnf}} (rm 8;34-35)/
c&pf,meftpOftvm,kMH unfcsuft& wynfhawmf (11) yg; (,k'&Sum½kwf ryg)
&Sdonfhteuf (10)yg;wkYdonf olwkdY\ c&pfawmfukd ouf0if ,kMH unfrIaMumifh
aemufqkH;wGif towfcHcJhMu&onf/
wrefawmf aygvku þuJhokdYaom tajccHusonfh qufuyftyfESHonfh t
oufwmü touf&SifjycJhNyD; xko d Ykdtouf&Sifaexkdif&ef twGufvnf;oGefoifcJh
onf/ olYtoufwmtwGuf bk&m;&Siftm; ]][kwfuJh}} xl;jcif;onf c&pfawmf\
owif;pum;tvkdYiSg ac:xm;jcif;twGuf rdrd\toufukd ,ZfylaZmfouJo h Ykd wpfyg;
trsdK;om;wkYdtwGuf ay;qyfjcif;jzpfonf/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif xkdt&monf c&pf
awmf\ toufwmESifh "r®opf&Sd 0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifaom toufwmwkYdtwGuf
tav; xm;ajymqkdxm;jcif;onfvnf; twlwlyifjzpfonf/ oltNrJwrf; azmfjycJh
onfht&mrSm olYtxJüaomfvnf;aumif; oltm;jzifah omfvnf;aumif; vkyfaqmif
aeaom bk&m;ocif\ wefckd;awmfonf ol\tpGrf;tp\ aemufuG,fwGif
tNrJ&SdaeNyD; xkdwefckd;awmfonf ol\omoem vkyfief;rsm;ukd o,faqmif&efESifh
ajrmufrsm;pGmaom toD;ukd oD;ap&efjzpfonf [kqkdonf 13 / ol\BuD;rm;aom
'ku©qif;&Jjzpfonfh axmifcscH&jcif;? ½kdufESufcH&jcif;rsm;? qif;&JEGrf;yg;cH&jcif;wkdYukd
&&SdcH,lvkdpdwfESifh aemufykdif;wGif taoowfcH&jcif;wkdYonf ol\ ]][kwfuJh}}
xl;jcif;toufwmESifh bk&m;&Sifonf olYtxJü taumif;twGuf wefckd;BuD;rm;
pGmjzifh vkyfaqmifaeNyD; xkdt&mrsm;tm;vk;H ukd qkH;cef;wkdifatmif cHEkdif&nfukd
ay;rnf[k cH,lxm;onfh ol\ ,kMH unfjcif;ukd ykHazmfjyaecJhonf 14 / olonf
bk&m;&SiftwGuf ]][kwfuJh}} xl;aomtoufwmwGif &yfwnftouf&Sif&ef BudK;pm;
13
wref 13;46-48? 15;17? 22;21? 26;15-19? a&m 15;15-19? *vm 1;14-17? 2;7-9 wkYduMkd unfNh yD; 2wd 4;17ESifhvnf; wkdufMunfhyg/
14
2aum 1;8-11? 4;7-11? zd 4;12-13 wkYdukd Munfhyg/
onfhenf;wl jznf;jznf;csif; olonf bk&m;&Sif\ vrf;jyrIESifh axmufyHhrItwGuf
tNrJvdkvkdyif awmif;avQmufcJhonf/ ol\wkjHY yefrIonf ajymif;vJjcif;r&Sdaom wkYjH yef
rIjzpfonf/ xkdt&mrSm olonf vrf;c&D;wpfavQmuf 0dnmOfawmf\ vrf;jyOD;
aqmifrIukd tNrJem;axmifNyD; yl;aygif; aqmif&GufrIukd jyKvkyfcJhonf15/
wrefawmfaygvk\ oGefoifrIwGif xyfcgwpfvJvJ tav;teuf azmfjy
onfht&mrSm bk&m;&Sif\ aus;Zl;awmfukd vufcH&,lxm;aom olwkdYonf rdrdwku dY kd
0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifonfhtwkdif; bk&m;&Siftm; ]][kwfuJh}} [k xl;oifhonf/ Oyrm
tm;jzifh az:jy&vQif rxkdufwefaom tjypfom;wkt dY ay: bk&m;&Sif\ aus;Zl;awmf
ukd azmfjyonfh a&mrtcef;BuD; (11) aemufykdif;wGif wrefawmf aygvkonf vlu Y sifh
0wfESifhqkdifaom tykdif;ukd azmfjy&mwGif? ]]nDtpfukdwkdY? touf&Sifjcif;vu©Pm?
oefY&Sif;jcif;vu©Pm? bk&m;ocif ESpfoufawmfrb l G,faom vu©PmESifhjynfhpkH
aom,Zfukd oifwkdYyal Zmfí rdrdcE¨mukd bk&m;ociftm; qufuyfjcif;wnf; [laom
oifwkdYjyKtyfaom 0wfudkjyKrnftaMumif; bk&m;ocif\ *&kPmawmfukd axmuf
xm;í oifwkdYuikd g wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfay\}} (a&m 12;1) [lí tpjyKxm;onf/
bk&m;&Sif\ 0dnmOfawmfukd em;axmifjcif;onf 0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifonfh
toufwmwGif yxOD;qk;H aom ajcvSrf;rQomjzpfonf/ uRefawmfwYkd\ ]][kwfuJh}}[l
aom wkHYjyefjcif;onfomvQif tjyeftvSef ajymqkjd cif;ESifh uRefawmfwkdY\ 0dnmOf
a&;&m toufwmukd jyefvnf&Sifoefjcif;wkYdukd jynfph kHaponf/ bk&m;&Si\f aus;Zl;
awmfonf uRefawmfwYkd\ ]][kwfuJh}} xl;jcif;xuf tNrJta&Shusonf/ okdYaomfvnf;
&Sif,mukyfu wdwdusus ]]EIwfuywfawmfukd em½krH QomjyKaomolr[kwf w&m;ukd
usifhaomol jzpfMuavmh}} (,m 1;22) wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwkdif; uRefawmfwkdY\
em;axmifjcif;ESifh vkyfaqmifjcif;wkdYonf tNrJwrf; twlwlvkyfaqmifonf/ 0dnmOf
awmf OD;aqmifaom c&pf,mefwkdYtwGuf rSefuefaomtcsdefonf ]]þ tajctae
rsdK;wGif uREfkyfonf 0dnmOfawmfESifh oabmwl&rvm; okYdr[kwf jiif;qkd&rvm;}}
[lír[kwfbJ ]]uREkyf fMum;&aom t&mukd tuREfkyf vkyfaqmifrvm;}} [líom jzpf
onf/

15
Oyrmtm;jzifh wref 13;1-4? 16;6-10 wkdYukMd unfhyg/
 ed*kH;
c&pfawmf\ aemufvkdufrsm; taejzifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf rdrdwYkdtxJ
ü t"dyÜg,f&Sdaom vkyfaqmifjcif;ESifh OD;aqmifvrf;jyrI tNrJwrf;&Sdrnfukd arQmfvifh
Ekdifonf/ uRefawmfwYkd\ tvkyfrSm ykdrkdí aumif;rGefpGm rnfokdYem;axmif&efESifh t
vkdufoifh wkHYjyef&rnf qko
d nfht&mukd oif,ljcif;omvQifjzpfonf/ rnfokdYyifjzpf
apumrl? txl;ojzifh oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfonf rnfonfht&mukd ajymqkd
aeonf okYdr[kwf bk&m;&Sifonf uREfkyfwYkdtm;vk;H ukd pum;ajymqkdaeonfukd
raocsmaomtcsdefjzpfaevQifyif xko d Ykdem;axmifjcif;ESifh wkHYjyefrIukd vkyfaqmifMu
&ygrnf/
0dnmOfawmf\ yef;wkdifrSm uRefawmfwYkdxHoYkd or®mw&m;ukd ,laqmifvmNyD;
xkdor®mw&m;tm;jzifh uRefawmfwkd\ Y em;vnfoabmaygufrIukd tjrifyGifhvif;
apNyD; trSefwu,f toGifajymif;vJum bk&m;&SifESifh eD;pyfap&efjzpfonf/ 0dnmOf
awmfonf uRefawmfwYkd\ rsufpdukdzGifhay;NyD; c&pfawmfESifh pyfqkdifaom or®mw&m;
ukd odaponf/ c&pfawmf\ aemufawmfokdY rnfokdYvu kd favQmuf&rnf? or®musrf;pm
ü awGY&Sd&aom or®mw&m;wkYdukd rdrdwdkY\ aeYpOftoufwmü vufawGYtouf&Sif
&eftwGuf jynTefay;NyD; c&pfawmfESifh ykdíwlatmif vkyfaqmifay;onf/ okdYr[kwf
wrefawmf aygvku qkdxm;ouJhodkY ]]wjznf;jznf;jcif; (uREfkfyfwYkdtm;) om;awmf
(bk&m;\om;awmf) \ o@mefawmfESifh wlaponf}}16/ or®musrf;pmonf tNrJvkd
yif þtoGifajymif;vJapaom jzpfpOf\ tv,fA[kdwGif &Sad eNyD; xkdt&mtm;jzifh
uRefawmfwkdYonfc&pfawmf\o@mefawmfESifhtnD toGifajymif;vJoGm;Mu&onf17/
or®musrf;pmtwkdif; qufvufqkawmif;jcif;? uRefawmfwkdY tNrJwrf; Mum;emae&
aom owif;pum;ukd aeYpOftoufwmwGif awGYBuKH&aom tajctaersm;wGif rnf
okYd vufawGYtok;H cs&rnfukd em;axmifjcif;jzifh xkdMum;em&aom owif;pum;onf
uRefawmfwkdYtxJü zGHYNzdK;BuD;xGm;vmonf/ uRefawmfwkdYonf or®musrf;pmtwkdif;qk
awmif;jcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;&SifESifhtqufrysuf awGYBuKHaomtcg uRefawmfwkdY
ajymif;vJoGm;Muonf/

16
a&m 8;28-29? 2aum 3;18
17
Mulholland, Shaped by the Word, 30. Mulholland \pmtkyfonf 0dnmOfa&;&m ykHusapjcif;twGuf or®musrf;pmonf rnfokdY ta&;BuD;aom
u@wGif yg0ifywfoufaeaMumif;ukd aumif;rGefpGm pDuk;H xm;ygonf/ 0dnmOfa&;&m twGuf or®musrf;pmzwf½Ijcif; bmom&yfESifh pyfvsOf;NyD;
(or®musrf;pmukd bk&m;taMumif;uko
d m zwf½Ijcif;r[kwfbJ toGifajymif;vJ&eftwGuf zwf½Ijcif;ukd qkdo nf) Perterson \ Eat This Book ukdMunfhyg/
 ½k;d &Sif;onfh em;axmifjcif;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif; vrf;pOfonf uRefawmf
wk\
Yd pdwfESv;kH ESihf toddpdwfxJrS bk&m;&SifxHokdY wkd;a0SYjcif;jzpfNyD; bk&m;&Sif uRef
awmf wkYdteD;tem; vmonfhtcsdefukd owd&ap&ef BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfjcif; jzpfonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmftm; rdrdwkdYawGjY rif&ef vkdtyfonfh t
&mwku dY kd awGjY rifapaomolESifh ab;ywf0ef;usifwGif rnfonfht&mrsm; jzpfysufae
onfudk uRefawmfwkdY\ odjrifem;vnfjcif;rsm;ESifh tawG;pdww f YkdwGif today; vIYH
aqmfay;onfh tNrJwnfaom vkyfazmfaqmifzuftjzpf xkd0dnmOfawmfukd &SmMu&
rnf/ tjcm;aomolrsm;ESifh tajctaersm;ukd bk&m;ocifu uRefawmfwkdYESifh ¤if;wkdY
twGuf xm;&Sdaom aumif;aom&nf&G,fcsufESifh uku d fnDonfh vkyfaqmifrIESifh wkHY
jyefrIukd ay;Ekdif&ef uRefawmfwkdYonf 0dnmOfawmf\ wefc;kd oGef;avmif;rItwGuf
awmif;avQmufMurnf/
wpfenf;ajym&vQif? wpf&ufcsif;pD bk&m;&SifESifheD;uyfpGm aygif;oif;qufqH
rIjyKjcif;jzifh em;axmifjcif;ESifh yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifjcif;onf uRefawmfwYkd\ touf
&SifrItoufwm wpfckuJhjzpfvmaponf/ þt&monf wrefawmfaygvku uRef
awmfwkdYukd (1 ouf 5;17)wGif ]]rjcm;rvyf qkawmif;}} oifhonf[k qkdcJhaom t
&mjzpfEkdifygonf/ xkdoYkdqkdaomf uRefawmfwYkdonf tNrJ'l;axmufvQuf bk&m;&Siftm;
awmif;avQmufaejcif;ukd qkdvkdonfr[kwfbJ uRefawmfwkdY rnfonfht&mukd vkyf
aqmifaeygap bk&m;&Sif\ 0dnmOfawmfESifh tqufrysuf tNrJ vufyGef;wwD;
aejcif;ESifh pum;ajymqkjd cif;udkqkdvkdonf/ bk&m;&SifxHrS wpfpkHw&m awmif;
avQmufjcif; okYdr[kwf wpfpkHwpf&m jyK&efawmif;avQmufjcif; toufwmxuf
ausmfvGefNyD; rdrdukd,fukd 0dnmOfawmftwGuf wHcg;zGifhxm;vQuf pdwfykdif;qkdif&mESifh
aomfvnf;aumif;? cHpm;rIykdif;qkdif&mESifhaomfvnf;aumif; bk&m;&SifESifh eD;uyfpGm
touf&Sifaexkdif&ef &Smjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;&Sifonf uRefawmfwYkd\ todpdwf
xJwGif y"meusaom vTrf;rk;d rIjzpfvmapjcif;jzpfonf/ rdrdwkdYywf0ef; usifwGif
jzpfysufaeaomt&mukd rsufpdwpfzuf em;wpfzufESifh Munfh½IñdS,lNyD; usefrsufpd
wpfzuf em;wpfzufukd bk&m;&Sifu uREfkyfwYkdukdñTefjyvkdaomt&m okYrd [kwf ckdif;ap
rnfht&mwkdYukd Munfh½SmMu&ygrnf/
em;axmifjcif;? 0dnmOfawmfESifhtwl pD;arQmjcif;wkdYonf wpfvSrf;csif;vSrf;
&rnfh jzpfpOfjzpfNyD; xkdt&mwGif bk&m;&Sifu aemufxyfjyKvkyfrnfht&m okdYr[kwf
awGYBuKH rnfht&mtwGuf ]][kwfuJh}} xl;jcif;jzpfonf/ ykHrSeftm;jzifh xkdokdY ]][kwfuJh}}
xl;NyD; 0dnmOfawmf\ vrf;jynGefrIukd vkdufavQmufNyD;aemufrSomvQif aemufxyf
ajymMum;rnfhpum; okdYr[kwf emcHjcif;wkdYtwGuf tqifoifhrnfjzpfonf/ uRefawmf
wkYdbufrS vkyfaqmif&rnfh tykdif;rSm qufvufem;axmifNyD; ]][kwfuJh}} xl;&ef
twGuf tqifoifh jyifqifxm;jcif; yifvQifjzpfonf/
em;axmifNyD; yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifyg/ tajctaewpfckNyD; aemufwpfckwGif
vnf; xkdokdYem;axmifNyD; yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifyg/ ajcwpfvSrf;csif; vSrf;jcif;jzifh
0dnmOfawmfukd ]][kwfuJh}} xl;jcif;onf &SnfvQm;aom BudK;wpfacsmif;jzpfvmNyD; ¤if;
onf 0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifaom toufwmjzpfvmonf/
tpjyK&rnfhae&monf ,ckvuf&SdtcsdefESifhtwljzpfygonf/

0dnmOfawmfOD;aqmifaom aemufvSrf;rnfhoifhajcvSrf;rsm;
oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\ toHawmfukd Mum;Ekdif&eftwGuf oifonf rdrdukd,frdrd
rnfonft h aetxm;wGif xm;&Sod enf;/ oifMum;&aom toHawmfukd wkYjH yef&ef
twGuf oifonfrnfrQ tqifoifhNyDenf;/ 0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifonfh ajcvSrf;rsm;
rSm vuf&SdtcsdefwGif 0dnmOfawmfu wkud fwGef; EId;aqmfonfht&mukd ½k;d ½k;d av; wkHY
jyefrIjyKjcif; omvQifjzpfonf/
vufawGu Y sus ajym&rnfqkdvQif oifjrif& Mum;&&efvkdtyfonfh or®mw&m;
onf EIwfuywfawmf usrf;pmzwf½Ijcif;? we*FaEGaeY Mum;&onfh w&m;a[mcsuf?
oifaumuf,l vkdufaom pmtkyf okYdr[kwf r*¾Zif; okYdr[kwf ao;i,faom avoH
wkYdtm;jzifhMum;Ekdifonf/ 0dnmOfawmfonf oifü tm;ay;rI? ,kMH unfjcif;? qk;H ryJjh yif
jcif; okdYr[kwf tjcm;aomt&mrsm;ukd vkdtyfaom tcsdefwGif or®musrf;pmtm;jzifh
oifhukd pum;ajymvdrfhrnf/ oifü&Sdaom pk;d &drfaMumifhMup&mrsm;tm; bk&m;&SifxH
qkawmif;jcif;jzifh tyfESHaomtcg bk&m;&Sifu pum;ajymjcif;ukd oifcHpm;&rnf/
xkdaemuf Nidrfoufjcif;ukd csufcsif;yifvQifoifcHpm;&NyD; oifp;kd &drfaMumifhMuaeaom
tajctaersm;ESifh ywfoufí tjrifopfrsm; &&SdcHpm;&rnf/ trsm;tm;jzifh bk&m;
&Sifonf uRefawmftm; uRefawmf\ ZeD;tm;jzifh pum;ajymavh&Sdonf/ bk&m;&Sif
onf oifhtdrfaxmifbuf? oifhom;orD;? rdb? vkyfazmfaqmifzuf? rdwfaqG
okYdr[kwf rnfolrqkd wpfpkHwpfO;D tm;jzifh oifMum;em&ef vkdtyfaom pum;ukd
ajymEkdifonf/ a&G;cs,frIrsm;onf ukefcrf;Ekdifrnfr[kwfyg/ okdYaomf ar;jref;&rnfh
ar;cGefrSm oifonf b,favmufaumif;aumif; em;axmifovJ qkdonfht&m
yifjzpfonf/
atmufwGif a&;om;xm;aom ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh tBuHay;csufrsm;ukd qifjcif
ok;H oyfNyD; pmjzifha&;csay;yg/ bk&m;ocifESifhoif\ aygif;oif;qufqHjcif;ESifh pyf
qkdifaom tawG;rsm;? ar;cGef;rsm;? cGeftm;jzpfapaomt&mrsm;? qkawmif;csufrsm;
twGuf &nf&G,fNyD; 0dnmOfa&;&m rSwfwrf; *sme,fxm;&Sd&eftwGuf uRefawmf
wkdufwGef; tm;ay;vkdygonf18/ bmbJjzpfjzpf bk&m;&Sif\ toHawmfukd Mum;Ekdif&ef
twGuf oD;oefYtcsdefESifh ae&mz,fxm;&Sdyg/ bk&m;&Siftm; oifonf trSefwu,f
em;axmifEkdifpGrf;aom owåu d kday;&efESifh 0dnmOfawmfu vrf;jynTefaom t&mukd
rnfokdYyifjzpfapumrl ]][kwfuJh}} xl;Ekdif&eftwGuf vkdtyfaom aus;Zl;awmfukd
awmif; avQmufvdkufyg/

1/ þtcef;wGif oihftm; wkdYxdaomt&monf rnfonfht&mjzpfonfukd rSwf

om;xm;yg/ 0dnmOfawmfonf ,cktcsdef oifhtxJwGif rnfokdYaom vIYHaqmf
rIukd jyKaeoenf; okdYr[kwf ajymaeoenf;/ vGefcJhonfhtcsdef? &uftenf;
i,fcef?Y okrdY [kwf &ufowåywfrsm;wGif 0dnmOfawmfonf oifhxJwGif rnfoYkd
aomvIHYaqmfrIukd jyKaecJhoenf; okrdY [kwf ajymaecJho enf;/
2/ oifonf rnfoYkd wkHYjyefaeoenf;/ oifrnfoYkdwkjHY yefvkdoenf;/
3/ 0dnmOfawmf OD;aqmifonfh rnfokdYaom ajcvSrf;ukd þwpfywfwGif jyKvkyf
rnfenf;/

18
rSwfwrf;*sme,f tpjyKa&;om;olrsm;ESifh tawGYtBuKH&SNd yD;om;olrsm;twGuf Cepero, Journaling ukdzwfyg/