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ormusrf;pmrsm; aysmf&TifwwfonfhESvHk;om;rSm yGJvrf;awG qufaeonf [k ajymwwfonf/ enf;vrf;u uRefawmhfudk aysmf&Tifwwfonfh ESvHk;om;wpfck jzpf&ef tmrcHonf/ uRefawmfwdkY ukrPD twGif;a&;rSL;rsm;u w,fvDzkef;ac:qdkoHrsm;udk ajzonfhtcg ]r*FvmeHeufcif;yg/ ZpfZpf*vm&JU ukrPDrSm tawmfaysmfp&maumif;wJh aeYwpfaeYygbJ} [k ajymavh&Sdonf/ cifAsm;tygt0if vltm;vHK;wdkUonf aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tif taumif;jrifwwfonfh olrsm;ESifh awGY&vQif Mum&SnfpGm qufqHrI &Sdonf jzpfap? qufqHrIwdkawmif;onfjzpfap? olwdkUoufawmifhoufomaeMu& cHpm;Mu&onf/ tqifh ( 7 )

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aumif;usdK;twGuf udk,fusdK;rygaqmif&Gufay;jcif;rsm;onf cifAsm;twGuf qkvmbfwpfck jzpfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ xdktaMumif;udk csm;vfpf'pfuif; u ]tjcm;olwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ 0efxkyfudk avsmhyg;atmif rvkyfEdkifonfhrnfolrqdk urm toHk;rusonfh olwpfa,mufjzpfaernf} [k azmfjycJhonf/ tqifh ( 8 )

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acs;anmfrsm;udk wdkufcRwfay;ygvdrfhrnf/ cifAsm; ywf0ef;usifrSm &Sdonfhvlrsm;\ "avhp&dkufrsm;? tjyKtrlrsm;? tawG;tac:rsm;udk cifAsm;trsm;BuD; &&Sdygvdrhfrnf/ cifAsm;ywf0ef;usifu vlawG aumif;aumif;qdk;qdk; xdktwdkif;yifjzpfvmygvdrhfrnf/ cifAsm;\ OmPf&nfjyudef;udkvnf; cifAsm;\ ywf0ef;usifESifh vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;u wufatmifusatmif vkyfEdkifygonf/ 1976 ckESpf? Zlvdkifvxkwf ]tuefYtowfr&Sdonfh atmifjrifrI} qkdaompmtkyfxJ taMumif;udk ajymjyxm;onf/ tpa&;EdkifiHupfbk tuJjzwfcsufrsm;t& ta&SYwdkif;rS *sL;uav;i,frsm;twGuf ysrf;rQOmPf&nfjyudef;rSm 85 jzpfNyD;? Oa&myrS *sL;uav;i,frsm; twGuf OmPf&nfjyudef;rsm 105 txd &SdaMumif;awGY&onf/ xdktcsufu bmudkjyoenf;[k qdkvQif Oa&m*sL;uav;rsm;onf ta&YSwdkif;*sL;uav;rsm;xuf ydkawmfaeMuonfudk jyonf/ upfbk 4 ESpfavmufaexdkifNyD;onfhaemuf ywf0ef;usiftajctaeu tjyKoabmrsm;&Sdvmonfhtcg vHIUaqmfrIrsm;aumif;rGefjcif;? ynmoifMum;vdkMujcif;ESifh wdk;wufEkdifjcif;rsm;udk awGYvmMu&onfhtcgwGif ysrf;rQOmPf&nfjyudef;rsm 105 txd twlwlyifjzpfoGm;onfudk awGY&onf/ tcsufrSm tvGefpdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;onf/ cifAsm;taejzifh tjyKoabm&Sdonfh udk,fusifhw&m;aumif;rGefolrsm;ESifh aygif;oif;cJhvQif atmifjrifEdkif&ef tvm;tvmydkrsm;vmrnf/ uHraumif;onfrSm cifAsm;\ vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;uvnf; cifAsm;udk zsufqD;Edkifonf/ vli,fjzpfap? vlBuD;yifjzpfap aq;vdyfaomufaomolrsm;ESifh aygif;vQif aq;vdyfraomufonfholrsm;ESifhaygif;onfxuf aq;vdyfaomufjzpfzdkY ydkrsm;onf/ rl;,pfaq;0g;oHk;pGJjcif;? t&ufaomufjcif;? udk,fusihfysufjcif;? vdrfnmvSnhfzsm;jcif;? ,kwfrmnpfywfjcif;wdkYESifh ywfoufvnf; xdkYtwlyifjzpfonf/ uHtm;avsmfpGmyif cifAsm;onf rdrd\ vkyfazmfudkifzuf taygif;toif;rsm;udk a&G;cs,faygif;oif;Edkifonf/ tqifh ( 9 )

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tqifh

10

cifAsm;\twdwfu atmifjrifrIrsm;udk owd&Edkifap&ef twGuf pm&if;a&;xm;yg/ cifAsm;tauseyfqHk;ESifh cifAsm;udk ,HkMunfrItwdk;yGm;qHk;jzpfaponfh udp&yfrsm;udk uav;b0rS ,cktcsdeftxda&;yg/ ausmif;udprsm;ESifh cufcJonfhbmom&yfrsm; tqifhat&jcif;tygt0if tm;vHk;&SdEdkifygonf/ xdkpm&if;ukd jyefMunfhjcif;tm;jzifh twdwfu cifAsm;onf atmifjrifrIrsm;&cJhNyD; xdkodkY atmifjrifatmifvnf; xyfrH aqmif&GufEdkifaMumif;udk owday;vdkuf&ma&mufrnf/ enf;tm;jzifh rdrdudk,frdrd,HkMunfrIwdk;yGm;jcif;? rdrdudk,frdrd &IjrifyHkjrifhrm;vmjcif;ponfhtusdK;&&SdrIrsm;ud k jzpfay:aprnf/ wu,fawmh tqifhESpfckvHk;onf cifAsm;twGufomvQif cifAsm;wnf&Sdaejcif;jzpfaMumif;udk xyfavmif;owday;jcif;jzpfonf/ cifAsm;\ pm&if;rS t&nftcsif;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf uRefawmfwdkY\ atmifjrifrIrsm;twGuf ta&;ygaom t&nftcsif;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ rdrdudk,frdrd rSDckdtm;xm;EdkifrI? udk,fvkyfcsifonfh tvkyfudk pGJpGJvrf;vrf;vkyfaqmifrI? 0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifh BuHKonfhtcg tvG,fwulaqmif&GufEdkifrIwdkYudk ajymaejcif;omjzpfonf/ vlwdkif;vlwdkif;vdkyif cifAsm;onfvnf; &dk;om;aMumif;? pl;pl;pdkufpdkufvkyfwwfaMumif;? todynm&SdaMumif;udk vufcHyg/ tvkyfBudK;BudK;pm;pm;vkyfEdkifaMumif;? jyif;jyif;xefxefvnf; tm&Hk0ifpm;EdkifaMumif; odyg/ tjcm;olrsm;tay:wGif cspfoavmufyif cifAsm;tay:udkvnf; bk&m;ocifu cspfcifaMumif;udk odyg/ tqifh ( 11 )

udk,fhudk,fudk &IjrifyHkaumif;rGefap&eftwGufqdkvQif cifAsm;taejzifh npfnrf;onfhpmayrsm;onf t"du a&SmifMuOfp&mrsm;jzpfMuonf/ cifAsm;\ pdwfxJodkY 0ifa&mufvmonfh t&mtm;vHk;udk xm0&rSwfwrf;wifxm;cHMu&onf/ xdkt&mrsm;u cifAsm;udk tem*gwftwGuf jyifqifEdkifap&efvnf;aumif;? tpdwfpdwftjrTmjrTmNydKuGJapNyD; tem*gwf atmifjrifrIrsm; r&&SdEdkifatmifaomfvnf;aumif; jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ pdwaA'ynm&Sifrsm;u npfnrf;onfh tqifhowfrSwfxm;onfh &kyf&Sifum;rsm;udk Munfhjcif;onf

udk,fawGYcHpm;BuHKawGY&ovdkyif cifAsm;\ pdwfydkif;qdkif&mESifh cHpm;rIydkif;qdkif&mudk jzpfay:apEdkifaMumif; ajymMuonf/ xdkZmwfum;rsm;udk MunfhrdMuolrsm;onf vdifpdwf"gwfwufMuGvmum olwdkYudk,folwdkY av;pm;rIavsmhenf;vmaMumif;udk awGY&onf/ taMumif;jycsufrSm &Sif;ygonf/ xdkZmwfum;rsm;u tedrfhusqHk; vlom;rsm;\ taMumif;udk &dkuful;jyoxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ rdrdvkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;\ tqifhtwef;edrfhusonfudk awGY&onfhtcg cifAsm;udk,f cifAsm;vnf; edrfhusonf[k jrifvmwwfonf/ xdkraumif;rItqihftwef;&Sdaom &kyf&Sifum;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;wdkYonf &ihfusufNyD;jzpfonfh vlBuD;y&dowfrsm;twGuf[k aMumfjimavh&Sdonf/ odkYaomf pdwfynm&Sif awmfawmfrsm;rsm;url xdkZmwfum;rsm;onf r&ifhusufaom rvHkNcHKpdwfrcsjzpfaewwfaom y&dowfrsm;twGuf qdk;oGrf;onfh azsmfajzrIrsm;jzpfonf[k ,lqMuonf/ xdkUtwlyif taygpm;Zmwfvrf;wGJrsm;udk Munfhjcif;tm;jzifhvnf; umarokrdpmpm&usL;vGefjcif;? rawmfrw&m;jyKusifhjcif;? prf;oyf tdrfaxmifjyKjcif;? tdrfaxmifa&; azmufjyefjcif;qkdonfh udp&yfrsm;udk jzpfay:apEdkifonf/ cifAsm;\ wefzdk;&Sdaom tcsdefrsm;udkvnf; jzKef;wD;ypf&ma&mufonf/ xdkZmwfum;rsm;udk pdwfpGJvrf;rIwdkYaMumifh aemufaeYrsm;vnf; qufMunfhcsifpdwfaygufvmMuonf/ aemufqHk;rl owif;qdk;rsm;udkom awGY&vdrfhrnf/ cifAsm;odatmif ajym&rnfqdkvQif xdkZmwfvrf;xJu o&kyfaqmifrsm;aomfvnf;aumif;? olwdkY\ vkyfazmfudkifzufwpfa,mufaomfvnf;aumif;? 'kursm;rS vGwfajrmufvmonfhtcg xdktajctaersm;udk cifAsm;\ tajctaeESifh xyfwlxyfrQ vkyfwwfvmonf/ aA'ifa[mpmwrf;rsm;udk zwf&Ijcif;onfvnf; qdk;usdK;w&m;rsm;udkom jzpfay:apEdkifonf/ aA'ifrsm;udk zwfojzifh tE&m,frjzpf/ aA'ifua[mwmawGudk bmrS r,Hk? zwf&Hkavmufom zwfwmyg [k qifajcay;Muonf/ wu,fawmh aA'ifzwfjcif;onf cifAsm;taejzifh uH,Hkorm;jzpfvmwwfonf/ xdkaA'ifa[mpmwrf;rsm;ESifh rudkufnDcJhvQif qHk;jzwfcsufrcsjcif;? c&D;rxGufjcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyfwwfvmMuonf/ ormusrf;pmrsm;t&qdkvQif aA'ifa[mudef;rsm;onf rmefewfESifh omywfoufaeonf/ xdkaMumifh a[mpmwrf;rsm;udk zwfjcif;jzifh cifAsm;onf rmefewf\ aMunmcsufrsm;udk zwf&Iaejcif;jzpfonf/ cifAsm;u bk&m;ocifudk r,HkMunfvQifaomfvnf;aumif;? ormusrf;pmudk vufrcHvQif aomfvnf;aumif;

nTefjyp&m&Sdaeygonf/ euwaA'ynm&yfonf urmBuD;udk aeuvSnfhywfoGm;vmaeonf[k qdkonfh ,lqcsuftay:om rlwnfNyD; wnfaqmufxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkodkYqdkvQif aA'ifynmonf odyHynm[kwfyg&JYvm;/ tqifh ( 12 )

cifAsm;\ udk,hfudk,fudk &IjrifyHkwdk;wufap&eftwGuf qHk;&HI;&mrS atmifjrifvmolrsm;\ taMumif;udk oifcef;pm,lyg/ wdkifaumhESifh abbD&k'fwdkYudk Munfhyg/ wdkifaumhonf abhpfabm&mZ0ifwpfavQmufwGif npfnpfywfywfupm;&ef BuHpnfcJhojzifh Budrfzefrsm;pGm xkwfy,fcH&onfholjzpfonf/ [efYtm&Gefuvnf; abhpfabmordkif;wGif Budrfzefrsm;pGm xkwfy,fcH&NyD; abbD&k'f\ pHcsdefudk csdK;onf/ odkYaomf vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;wdkYu olwdkY\ qHk;&HI;rIrsm;ESifh ywfoufvnf;aumif;? olwdkYudk qHk;&IH;olrsm;jzpfaom[lvnf;aumif; rrSwfrdMu/ olwdkY\ atmifjrifrIrsm;udkomvQif rSwfrdMuonf/ tif&Dudku&lqdkonf toHjrifhjrifh roDqdkEdkifojzifh ol\ q&mu oDcsif;qdkzdkYyif raumif;awmhaMumif; tajymcH&onf/ oluawmh ravQmhbJ qufqdkaecJhNyD;vQif urmay:wGif tBuD;us,fqHk;aw;oH&Sif wpfa,mufjzpfvmcJh&onf/ aomrwfpf t,f'Dqif\ q&muvnf; olUudk tvum;vl[kac:NyD; rD;orD;wpfvHk;jzpfay:&eftwGuf rSm;,Gif;rIrsm;udk tBudrfaygif; 14000 BuHKawGYcJh&onf/ tmA&m[ifvifuGef;onf ol\ tm;enf;csufrsm;? trSm;t,Gif;rsm;twGuf vlodrsm;xif&Sm;ausmfMum;aomfvnf; rnfolurQ olUudkrSm;,Gif;ol? nhHzsi;fol[k rxifcJhMuay/ tJvfAwftdkif;pwdkif;ESifh 0gembifb&GefwdkUonf ocsFm tvGefnHhMuonf/ [efe&DzdkY'fonf touf 40 t&G,f qHk;&HI;rIBuD;udk BuHKawGYcJh&onf/ tar&du&Sd ta&mif;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;\ 90 &mcdkifEIef;aom OD;aqmifta&mif;orm;rsm;onf ukrPDxJ&Sd tjcm;ta&mif;orm;rsm;xuf vufvGwfqHk;&HI;rIawG ydkrsm;Muonf/ a0gh'f'pfpaeonf ratmifjrifrDu qHk;&HI;rIrsm;udk ( 7 ) BudrfawGYBuHKcJh&NyD; wpfBudrf OD;aESmufysufvkrwwfyifjzpfcJh&onf/ tjcm;olrsm;atmifjrifMujcif;rSmvnf; olwdkYu wpdkufrwfrwfjzifh qufvufaqmif&GufaeMuaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ wu,fawmh BuD;us,folrsm;ESifh ao;zGJolrsm;tMum;&Sd jcm;em;csufrSm tao;tzGJrsm;udk pOfqufrjywfvkyfaeMuolrsm;onf tBuD;tus,fjzpfvmcJhMuonf/

tqifh

13

cifAsm;udk,f cifAsm; &IjrifyHkESifh cifAsm;\ pGrf;aqmif&nfudk taumi;fqHk;tjrefqHk;ESifh xda&mufqHk;wdk;yGm;apEdkifrnfhenf;vrf;rSm xdkufwefonfh &nfrSef;csufrsm;&Sdonfh tzGJUtpnf;wpfckodkU 0ifa&mufEdkif&efjzpfonf/ xdkenf;tm;jzifh cifAsm;vnf; pum;ajymqdkzdkY tcGifhtvrf;awG &vmrnf/ trsm;tm;jzifh vltawmfrsm;rsm;wdkYonf wpfa,mufcsif; pum;ajymqdkvQif aumif;rGefwwfMuaomfvnf; vla&SY ola&SU rwfwyf&yf pum;ajymzdkY twGuf aMumufvefYwkefvIyfMuonf/ xdkyHkpHudkajymif;&eftwGufqdkvQif uRefawmfwdkY\ ] MuG,f0onfhb0} trnf&Sd 4 &ufMumaqG;aEG;yGJudkwufyg/ odkUr[kwf a';ume,f*D acgif;aqmifrIoifwef;udk wufyg/ vlwpfa,mufonf trsm;a&SYrSm &yfNyD; olwdkYudk,folwdkY xkwfazmfajymqdkEdkifonfhtcg udk,fhudk,fudk &IjrifyHk ododomomajymif;vJoGm;Muonf/ wpfcsdefvHk;qufwdkuf ajymMum;ae&rnfh pum;ajymaumif;olwpfa,mufjzpf&ef rvdkyg/ rlvu wdwfqdwfaeonfh olrsm;onfyifvQif tweftoifh pum;ajymEdkifonfh olrsm;jzpfvmEdkifMuonf/ tpydkif; tcsdKYolrsm;rS rwfwyf&yfum pum;ajymzdkUtwGuf tawmfcufcJonf/ okdUaomf olwdkU\ ,HkMunfrIrsm;wdk;yGm;vmonfhtcg wjcm;jyemwpfcku jzpfvmonf/ xdkolrsm;u pum;ajymjyD qdkonfESifh xdkifcdkif;zdkU yg;pyfydwfcdkif;zdkY tawmfyif cufoGm;onf/ tqihf ( 14 )

cifAsm;udk,f cifAsm; aomfvnf;aumif;? tjcm;olwdkUudkaomfvnf;aumif; rsufESmudkwnfhwnfhMunfhyg/ vrf;ay:u vlrsm;jzpfap? ynmwwfonfh oljzpfap? olwdkUudk rsufESm wnfhwnfhMunfhNyD; ajymwmudk jcGif;csufr&SdBudKufMuonf/ cifAsm;vnf; xdkodkUyif BudKufvdrfhrnf[k xifygonf/ rsufESmcsif;rqdkifcsifonfh oltcsdKUawmh &SdMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh olwdkYESifh wdkuf&dkufpum;ajymonfhtcg tjcm;ol\ rsufpdudkvnf; rMunfhMu/ tcsdKYvlrsm;uvnf; tjcm;olrsm;\ rsufpdudk wdkuf&dkufMunfh&eftwGuf rxdkufwef? roifhawmf[k xifwwfMuonf/ cifAsm;rSm cHpm;csufrsdK;&SdcJhvQif cHpm;csufudk vGefajrmufEdkif&eftwGuf rdrd\ rsufpdudk rSefa&SUrSm pdkufMunfhyg/ xdkodkYMunfh&eftwGuf aeYpOfrdepftenf;i,frQ

tcsdefay;yg/ xdkodkUMunfhpOfwGif tqifh ( 10 ) rSm ygonfh cifAsm; atmifjrifatmifvkyfEdkifonfh pm&if;rsm;? atmifjrifcJhonfh udp&yfrsm;udk xyfNyD; ;owd&aeyg/ cifAsm;tay:wGif tjcm;olrsm;u taumif;ajymqdkonfh udprsm;udkvnf; owd&aeyg/ cifAsm;\ &dk;om;rI? aysmfaysmf&Tif&TifaewwfrI? MuifemwwfrI? ZGJ&SdrI? BudK;pm;rI? yl;aygif;aqmif&GufwwfrI ponfwdkYESifh ywfoufonfh a0zefcsufrsm;tay:wGif tm&Hkpdkufyg/ tu,f cifAsm;onf qufqHrI&Sdonfh olwpfa,mufr[kwf[k xifcJhvQif &kyftoGiftjyifrsm;udk *&krpdkufygESihf/ enf;tm;jzifh xdkcsD;usL;rIrsm;onf cifAsm;\ &IjrifyHkaumif;rGefvma&;twGuf wefzdk;&Sdonfh taxmuftulrsm; jzpfvmEdkifonf/ 'kwd,tqifhtaejzifh tcGifhtvrf;BuHKvmcJhvQif uav;awGudk rsufESmwnfhwnfhMunfhNyD; pum;ajymyg/ &&Sdvmrnfh tusdK;aus;Zl;rSm uav;awGu cifAsm;udk cspfonfxufcspfvmNyD; vufcHvmonfESifhtrQ cifAsm;udk,f cifAsm;vnf; vufcHrIwdk;yGm;vnfrnf/ wwd,tqifh cifAsm;\ vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;udkvnf; tcGifhBuHKonfhtcg rsufESmwnfhwnfhMunfhNyD; pum;ajymyg/ enf;tm;jzifh cifAsm;awGYorQ EIwfquforQ vltm;vHk;udk rsufpdwnfhwnfhMunfhNyD; pum;ajymwwfonfh tavhtusifhudk &&Sdvmrnf/ uRefawmfu rsufpdtMunfhNydKifyGJtaMumif;udk ajymaejcif;r[kwfyg/ vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;tm;vHk;wdkUu udk,fhudk,fudk &IjrifyHkwdk;wufvmNyD; rdwfaqGrsm;vnf; wdk;yGm;vmapvdrfhrnf/ tqifh ( 15 )

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trSwfpOf ( 4 &nfrSef;csufrsm;onf wdwdusus&Sd&rnf

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