TeachingOfIslam 2

tpövmrf'h óeusrf; 1
yxrar;cGe;f
vlom;\½kyw
f &m;? ud,
k u f siw
fh &m;ESifh 0dnmOfa&;(emrfw&m;)
qdik &f mtajctaersm;
þpmwrf;\tpydkif;ü tcsdKUaomtaMumif;&yfrsm;udk ed'gef;ysdK;azmfjyxm;ay

&m? 4if;wdkYonf rl&if;taMumif;&yfESihf roufqdkifouJhodkY jzpfaumif;jzpfaeayvdrfh
rnf/ odkY&mwGif txufacgif;pOfyg ar;cGef;\tajzudk aumif;pGmoabmaygufem;
vnfEdkif&eftwGuf ,if;taMumif;&yfrsm;udk OD;pGm&Sif;vif;od&Sdxm;&ef vdktyfayonf/
vlom;\ jyKrlvyk af qmifcsufo;kH rsdK;
yxrar;cGef;[lonf vlom;\ (yifukd,fZmwd)obm0tajctae? udk,fusihf

w&m;tajctaeESifh 0dnmOf(emrf)ydkif;qdkif&m tajctaersm;ESifh oufqdkifayonf
usrf;jrwfu&k t
f mefwiG f þtajctaeoH;k &yf\xGuaf y:&m oD;jcm;Zmpfjrpfo;kH ckukd ñTejf y
xm;ayonf/ wpfenf;qdk&aomf þtajctaetoD;oD;pD;qif;&mt&if;cH prf;oHk;oG,f
udk ñTefjyxm;ayonf/
yxrZmpfjrpf? raumif;rIuv
kd UHI aqmfaompdwf
(yifudk,fZmwd)obm0tajctaetm;vHk;\ t&if;cHZmpfjrpfjzpfaom yxr

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prf;udk usr;f jrwfu&k t D r®&m[f}}[kazmfjyxm;ayonf/ t"dygÜ ,frmS raumif;
rIudk vIHYaqmfaompdwf[k t"dyÜg,f&&SdNyD; usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif þokdYvm&Sdayonf/
]]vl\pdwfonf raumif;rIudkvIHYaqmf&ef tNrJtqifoifh&Sd\}}(12;54)/ qdk

2 t[fr'D,mrGwpf viftzGUJ
vdkonfrSm vlom;tm; raumif;rIzufodkYvIYHaqmfí NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;tjzpfESifh udk,fusihf

w&m;aumif;rGefjcif;wkdYudk qefYusifum? rvdkvm;tyfonfh raumif;aomvrf;qDokdY
wdkufwGef;&efrSm vlom;yifudk,fZmwdpdwf\ oabmvu©Pmyifjzpfayonf/ þodkY
tm;jzihf raumif;rIESifh pdwf\tvdkvdkufjcif;zufokdY ,drf;ñTwfjcif;onf vlom;yif
udk,fZmwdtajctaejzpfí udk,fusihfw&m;aumif;rGefjcif; tajctaeodkY r0ifa&mufrD
xdkpdwfonf vTrf;rdk;vsuf&Sdacs\/ þum; vlom;\ (yifudk,fpdwf)bm0tajctae
jzpfNyD; vlom;onf qifjcifwHkw&m;ESifh todÓPfwdkY\ vrf;ñTefrIudkrcH&bJ wd&pämef
rsm;uJhodkYpm;jcif;? aomufjcif;? tdyfjcif;? Edk;jcif;? a'gojzpfjcif;ESifh vSHKUaqmfjcif;paom
yifudk,fobm0pdwf\ tvdkudkvdkufaeoa&GU wdk;wufrIr&SdbJ ,if;tajctaeüyif
&SdNrJ&Sdaernfjzpf\/ odkYaomf qifjcifwHkw&m;ESifh todÓPfynmwdkY\ vrf;ñTefrIudk
cH&NyD; yifudk,fobm0tajctaeudkxdef;csKyfum oifhwifhavQmufywfpGm xdef;ausmif;
ay;ygu xdktajctaeonf ol\yifudk,fobm0tajctaetjzpfrS &yfpJjcif;tjzpfodkY
a&muf&Sdavonf? xdktqihfudk udk,fusihfw&m;&Sdonfh tajctae[kac:\/
'kwd,Zmpfjrpf?jypfwifa0zefaompdwf
vlom;\ udk,fusihfw&m;&Sdonfhtajctae xGufay:&m Zmpfjrpfudkusrf;jrwf

uk&ftmefwGif ]]emzfqDavmif0grm}}[k azmfjyxm;onf/
]]rdrdudk,frdrdjypfwifa0zefaompdwfudk igoufaoxlawmfrl\}} (75;3)/qdkvdk

onfrSm raumif;rI[lorQESifh xdef;csKyfrIrJhaompdwftwGuf rdrdudk,frdrd jypfwifa0zef
aompdwfudk igoufaoxlawmfrlonf[k &&Sdayonf/ þrdrdudk,frdrd jypfwifa0zef
aompdwfonf vlom;tajctae\ 'kwd,Zmpfjrpfjzpfí? 4if;rS udk,fusifhw&m;&Sdonfh
tajctaeonf ay:aygufvmav\/ þtajctaewGif vlom;onf wd&pämefESifhwlnD
jcif;tjzpfrS &yfpJav\/ þpdwfudkoufaoxljcif;um; ,if;tm; *kPfjyK&eftvdkYiSm

jzpf\/ raumif;rIodkY wdrf;ñGwfaompdwftajctaerS ajymif;vJwdk;wufvmí raumif;
rItwGuf rdrdudk,frdrd qef;ppfjypfwifa0zefaompdwftajctaeokdY a&muf&Sday&m?
bk&m;&Sif\tjrifü xdkpdwfonf *kPfjyKcHxdkufjcif;tjzpfodkY a&muf&SdaomaMumifhjzpf\/
þpdwfudk rdrdudk,frdrd jypfwifa0zefaompdwf[k ac:jcif;rSm þpdwfonf
vlom;tm; 'kp½dkufraumif;rIESifhpyfvsOf;í jypfwifa0zefum wd&pämefrsm;uJhodkY xdef;
csKyfrIrJhaomb0udk OD;wnfonfhvlom;\ yifudk,fpdwfqE´tvdkwkdYudk vdkufavsmrIrjyK
aomaMumifhjzpf\/ þpdwfonf vlom;tm; aumif;jrwfaomtajctaeü&Sd&efESifh
aumif;jrwfaom udk,fusihfw&m;wkdYudk usifhaqmif&ef vdkvm;\/ vlom;\ rnfonfh
b0tajctaersdK;ürqdk pdwf\tvdkudk vdkufjcif;tjzpfodkY ra&muf&Sd&ef vdkvm;\/
xdkYjyif obm0pdwftm½HkESifh pdwfqE´wdkYudk qifjcifwHkw&m;jzifh xdef;csKyf&efvdkvm;\/
þpdwfum; 'kp½dkufjyKrIrSeforQudk jypfwifa0zef\/ xdkYaMumifh rdrdudk,frdrd jypfwif
a0zefaompdwf[k ac:jcif;jzpf\/
þpdwfonf 'kp½dkuftrIü rdrdudk,frdrd jypfwifa0zefonfrSm rSef\/ odkYaomf
aumif;rItusihfoDvusihfBuHjcif;ü tjynfht0 xda&mufrIr&Sdao;&um; wpfcgwpf&HwGif
obm0pdwfqE´wkdY\ vTrf;rdk;jcif;udk cH&wwfavonf/ xdktcgrsdK;ü cRwfacsmfwdrf;yg;
vJNydKjcif;tjzpfodkY a&muf&wwfavonf/ þpdwfum; cGef;tm;enf;aom uav;i,f
yrmwnf;/ xdkuav;i,fonf wdrf;yg;vJvdkjcif;r&Sdaomfvnf; tm;enf;jcif;aMumifh
vJ&\/ twdkcsKyfqdk&aomf þtajctaeonf vlom;pdwf\ udk,fusihfw&m;&Sdonfh
tajctaejzpfí? xdkpdwfonf rdrd\twGif;ü jrifhrm;aom udk,fusihfw&m;t&nft
csif;rsm;udk pkpnf;NyD;emcHrIr&Sdjcif;udk &GH&Sm\/ okdYaomf jynfh0aomatmifjrifrIudkum;
r&&SdEdkifao;cs/
wwd,Zmpfjrpf? wnfNidrjf cif;ü&Sad om pdw0f n

d mOf
udk,fusihfw&m;qdkif&m jrihfrm;aomt&nftcsif;rsm;udk &&SdNyD;aomtqifhonf

vlom;\ (emrf)0dnmOfa&;&mtajctae\ tp[kqdk&ayrnf/ xdktajctaeonf

wwd,ZmpfjrpfjzpfNyD;? usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif ]]emzfqDrGwfrmtifefem}}[kazmfjyxm;ay
onf/ t"dyÜg,frSm wnfNidrfjcif;ü&Sdaompdwf[k}}&&SdNyD; usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif þodkY
vm&Sdayonf/
]]bk&mS ;&Sit f xHawmfü at;Nidr;f jcif;udak wGUaom wnfNidrjf cif;ü&So

d nfh td0k n
d mOf
pdwf toifonf t&SifESifhaumif;pGmauseyfí t&Sifonfvnf; toifESifhaumif;pGm
auseyfawmfrlojzifh oif\t&SifxHawmfodkY jyefygavmh? igt&Sifa&G;cs,fxm;awmfrl
aom tapcHrsm;ESifh aygif;ygavmh? xdkYjyif ig\O,smOfawmfodkY 0ifa&mufygavmh/}}
(89;28-31)/
þtqifhü vlom;\ pdwf0dnmOfonf aysmhaysmif;tm;enf;jcif;tm;vHk;rS
uif;vGwfojzifh 0dnmPpGrf;tm;ESifhjynfhNyD;vQif BuD;jrwfawmfrlaombk&Sm;&SifESifh aygif;
qHkjcif;tjzpfodkY a&muf&Sdavonf/ odkYaomf þtajctaeonf bk&Sm;&Sif\ ulnD
apmifrrIr&SdvQif wnf&SdíraeEdkifacs/ tjrihfrSpD;qif;aoma&onf xkxnfyrmPBuD;
rm;jcif;? twm;tqD;vHk;0 uif;rJhjcif;wkdYaMumifh t&Sdefjzihf wpf[kefxdk; pD;qif;ouJh
odYk wnfNidrjf cif;ü&Sad om 0dnmOfpwd o
f nfvnf; bk&m;&Si\ f txHawmfoYkd awmufavQmuf
pD;íoGm;av\/ bk&m;&SiftxHawmfü at;Nidrf;csrf;ajrUjcif;udkawGUaom xdk0dnmOfpdwf
udk ol\t&SifxHawmfodkYjyef&ef txufygrku©ygXfawmfu ñTef;\/ ,if;0dnmOfonf
þb0üyif BuD;pGmaomajymif;vJrIjzpfNyD;? þavmuü&SdpOfüyif wpfckaom(*sEéwf)okc
bHkudk ay;oem;awmfrljcif;cH&av\/ þrku©ygXfawmfu xdkodkYaom0dnmOfudk rdrd\
t&SifxHawmfodkY jyefvm&efñTef;ojzifh ,if;0dnmOfonf rdrdt&Sifocif\ jyKpktm;jznfh
ay;rIudkcH&NyD; bk&m;&Siftm; cspfjrwfEdk;aompdwfonf olYudktm;jznfhay;onfh tpmtm
[m&jzpfvmav&m þtoufay;aom prf;rSa&Munfudkaomuf&ojzihf aojcif;rSvGwf
ajrmufí u,fwifjcif;udk &&Sdavonf/ þtcsufudk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmeftjcm;wpfae

&mwGif þodkYñTef;awmfrlxm;ayonf/
]]rdrd\pdwf0dnmOfudk avmuDa&;&mwPSm&m*wdkYrS pifMu,fatmifjyKvkyfol

onf u,fwifjcif;udkcH&ojzifh ysufpD;jcif;udk cHpm;&rnfr[kwfacs/ odkYaomf avmuD
a&;&mwPSm&m*wdkY\ vTrf;rdk;jcif;udkcH&olrSmum; ysufpD;&rnfjzpfí b0twGuf
arQmfvihfcsufr&Sdacs}} (91;10-11)
tcsKyftm;jzifh txufwiG af zmfjycJah om tajctaeoH;k &yfukd vlom;\ yifu,
kd f
obm0tajctae? udk,fusifhw&m;tajctaeESifh 0dnmOf(emrf)ydkif;qdkif&m tajctae
rsm;[k ac:Edkifayonf/ vlom;\ obm0vSHKUaqmfpdwfrsm;onf x<uvmaomtcgü
tvGeftEÅ&m,frsm;NyD; udk,fusihfw&m;ESihf 0dnmOfa&;&m t&nftcsif;rsm;udk rMumcP
zsufqD;wwfojzifh 4if;wkdYudk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefü raumif;rIudk vSHKUaqmfaompdwf[k
azmfjyxm;ayonf/
þwGif ar;&eftaMumif;um; usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefu vlom;\ yifudk,fZmwd
obm0tajctaeESifhpyfvsOf;í rnfodkYoabmxm;&Sdoenf;? rnfodkYvrf;ñTefrIudk ay;
oenf;? ,if;pdwfudkxdef;csKyf&ef rnfodkYcsrSwfxm;oenf;/ tajzum; usrf;jrwfuk&f
tmeft& vlom;\ yifudk,foabmobm0tajctaeonf ol\udk,fusihfw&m;ESifh
0dnmOfa&;&mtajctaewdkYESifh tvGefcdkifcHhpGm qufpyfvsuf&Sdavonf/ rnfrQenf;[l
rl vlwpfOD;\ pmyHkaomufyHkwdkYonfyif ol\udk,fusihfw&m;ESifh 0dnmOfa&;&tajctae
wdkYESifh tvGefcdkifcHpGm qufpyfvQuf&Sdavonf/ rnfrQenf;[lrl vlwpfOD;\ pm;yHk
aomufyHkwdkYonfyif ol\udk,fusifhw&m;ESifh0dnmOfa&;&m tajctaewdkYtay: tusdK;
oufa&mufrI&Sdavonf/ tMuifolwpfOD;onf rdrd\ yifudk,fobm0tajctaeudk
bk&m;&Sif\ Oya’ñTefMum;csuftwdkif; xdef;csKyfuolonf udk,fusihfw&m;aumif;rGef
aom tajctaeodkY a&muf&SdvmNyD; ol\0dnmOfa&;&mtay:wGif euf½dIif;pGm tusdK;
oufa&mufrI&Sdav&m? qm;wGif;xJodkY usa&mufonfh rnfonfht&mrqdk qm;jzpfvm
avonf[kaom qdk½dk;pum;yrm jzpfvmavonf/ xdkYaMumifhyif usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef

onf ½kyfcE¨mudk,f\ oefY&Sif;a&;ESifh udk,f[eftaetxm;wdkYudk txl;tav;teuf
xm;ay&m 0wfjyKrItm;vHk;üvnf;aumif;? twGif;pdwfoefY&Sif;jzLpifrIESifh 0dnmOfa&;&m
ESdrfhcsrIwdkYüvnf;aumif;? cE¨mudk,foefY&Sif;a&;ESifh udk,f[eftaetxm;wdkY ta&;ygrI
udk txl;tav;ay; azmfjyxm;ayonf/
qifjcifpOf;pm;vQif ½kyyf ikd ;f qdik &f m tajctaersm;onf vlwpfO;D \ pdw(f 0dnmOf)
tay:ü rsm;pGmtusdK;oufa&mufrI&SdaMumif; xif&Sm;ayonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh uREfkyf
wdkY\rsufvHk;rsm;wGif rsuf&nfrsm;jynfhESufaeaomtcgü ,if;rsuf&nfrsm;onf [ef
aqmifrsuf&nfjzpfapumrl pdwfESvHk;udk csufcsif;xdcdkufapí 0rf;enf;pdwfudkjzpfay:
apavonf/ xdkenf;wlpGm uREfkyfwdkY&,farmaomtcgü [efaqmifí wrif&,farm
apumrl pdwfESvHk;ü &TifysrIudkcHpm;&avonf/ 0wfjyK&mü udk,fudkOD;cs0yfpif;jcif;onf
pdwfESvHk;ü ESdrfhcsjcif;udkjzpfay:apaMumif; awGU&Sd&ayonf/ udk,fudkrwf? vnfyif;
axmif? &ifudkaumhí <um;<um;0ifh0ifhvrf;avQmufacsu þtrlt&monf armf<um;
aompdwf? rmeBuD;aompdwfudk jzpfapayonf/ þOyrmrsm;rSm ½kyfydkif;qdkif&mtajc
taersm;onf trSefyif(pdwf)0dnmOfydkif;qdkif&m tajctaersm;tay: tusdK;oufa&muf
rI&SdaMumif; xif&Sm;pGm jyqdkvQuf&Sdayonf/
wzef tpm;tpmESiphf yfvsOf;íMunfjh yefvQifvnf; pm;aomufaom tpm;tpm
onf todÓ PfESifh pdwf"mwftay: vTrf;rdk;tusdK;oufa&mufrI&SdaMumif; awGU&Sd&ay
onf/ odkYjzpf&m pm;aomufaom tpm;tpmrsdK;tpm;udkvdkufí todOmPfESihf pdwft
ay: tusdK;oufa&mufrIrwl uGJjym;rI&SdyHkudkvnf; tawGUtBuHKt& od&Sd&ayonf/
Oyrmtm;jzifh taotcsmavhvmqef;ppfMunfhygu tom;pm;jcif;udk vHk;0a&SmifMuOf
olwdkYonf wjznf;jznf; &J&ifhpdwfqkwf,kwfí owådpdwfukefcef;vmojzifh bk&m;&Sif
ay;oem;awmfrlaom csD;usL;xdkufonfhpGrf;&nfrsm; qHk;½HI;&aMumif; awGU&Sd&ayonf/
þtcsufudk bk&m;&Sif\ obm0ed,mrw&m;t& cdkifrmaponfum;? toD;t&Guf
pm;aom owå0grsm;udk avhvmoHk;oyfMunhfvQif 4if;wdkYonf tom;pm;owå0grsm;
enf;wl owådr&SdMuaMumif; awGU&Sd&ayonf/ iSufrsm;wGifvnf; xdkenf;twdkif;yif
jzpf\/ odkYjzpfay&m pm;aomufonfhtpm;tpmonf udk,fusihfw&m;tay: tusdK;

oufa&mufrI&SdaMumif; ,HkrSm;oHo,r&Sdxdkufacs/
qefYusifbuftusdK;tm;jzihf oHk;oyfvQif tom;udkcsnf; pGJNrJpGmpm;oHk;í
toD;t&Gupf m;oH;k rItvGeef nf;olonf odraf rGUjcif;? pdwEf ;l nHjh cif; qkw,
f w
k &f avonf
tpGef;ESpfzufudka&Smifí tv,ftvwfvrf;udkvdkufolrsm;tm; ESpfrsdK;pvHk;aom udk,f
usihfw&m;t&nftcsif;rsm;udk &&SdMuav\/ xdkYaMumifhyif BuD;us,fjrihfjrwfawmfrl
aom bk&m;&Sifu usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif þokdYrdefYawmfrlay\/
]]pm;Muukef? aomufMuukef? okdYaomf tvGeftuRHrjzpfMuapESifh}} (7;32)

(7;32)/
qdkvdkonfrSm tom;ESifh tjcm;tpm;tpmrsm;udk pm;oHk;Muukef? odkYaomf
rnfonfht&mudkrQ tvGeftuRHrpm;MuavESifh odkYr[kwfvQif oifwdkY\ udk,fusihf
w&m;tajctaeudk qkd;usdK;oufa&mufapí oifwdkY\ usef;rma&;udkvnf; xdcdkufap
vdrfhrnf/
½kyfydkif;qdkif&m tjyKtrlaMumihf pdwf0dnmOftay: oufa&mufrI&SdouJhodkY
wpfcgwpf&HwGif pdwf0dnmOfonfvnf; ½kyfcE¨mudk,ftay: tusdK;oufa&mufrI&Sdav
onf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh tMuifolwpfOD;onf 0rf;enf;jcif;udk cHpm;&ygu ol\rsufvHk;
wGif rsuf&nfrsm; &TJpdkvmav\/ aysmf&Tif0rf;ajrmufrIjzpfaomtcgü NyHK;&Tifvm\/
uREfkyfwdkY\ obm0vkyfaqmifrIrsm;jzpfMuaom pm;jcif;? aomufjcif;? tdyfjcif;? Edk;
jcif;? oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;jcif;? tem;,ljcif;? a&csdK;jcif;ponfwdkYonf uREfkyfwdkY\ 0dnmOf
a&;&mtajctaetay: oufa&mufrI&Sd\/ uREfkyfwdkY\½kyfydkif;qdkif&mzGJUpnf;rIonf pdwf
ydkif;qdkif&mt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh tvGefeD;uyfpGm qufoG,fvsuf&Sdavonf/ OD;aESmuf\
wpfae&mü xdcdkuf'Pf&m&ygu owdrSwfOmPfonf csufcsif;qHk;½HI;&ay\/ OD;aESmuf
\ tjcm;wpfckaomae&mü xdcdkuf'Pf&m&ygu owdarhjcif;udk jzpfapav\/ tqdyf
aiGUygaomavonf cE¨mudk,fudkxdcdkufapí ,if;rSwpfqifh pdwfudkygxdcdkufapav\/
xdkYaemuf udk,fusihfw&m;ESifhqdkifaom pdwftm;owdårsm;ESifh qufpyfvQuf&Sdaom t

wGif; cE¨mzGJUpnf;rIpepfwpfckvHk; cRwf,Gif;ysufpD;í a0'em&SifrSm vQifjrefpGm ol½l;wpf
a,mufuJhokdY owdvufvGwfjzpf&avonf/
þodkYjzifh cE¨mudk,fxdcdkuf'Pf&m&aomtcgü pdwf0dnmOfESifh udk,fcE¨monf
eufeJqef;Mu,fpGm qufoG,fvQuf&SdaMumif; od&Sd&ay&m? xdkeufeJqef;Mu,fjcif;o
abmudk vlom;wkdY\OmPfjzihf rrSDEdkifay/ qifjcifpOf;pm;vQif cE¨mudk,fonf 0dnmOf
\ rdcifjzpfaMumif; awGU&Sd&ayonf/ 0dnmOfonf udk,f0efaqmifrdcif\ 0rf;wGif;odkY
jyifyrSqif;ouf0ifa&mufvmonfr[kwfay/ pifppf xdk0dnmOfonf rsdK;aphü udef;
atmif;vQuf&Sdaom tvif;a&mifjzpfNyD; oaEöm;avmif; zGHUNzdK;BuD;&ifhvmaomtcgü
awmufyívmav\/ BuD;jrifx h u G jf rwfawmfral om bk&m;&Si\
f rkuy© gXfawmft& 0dnmOf
onf om;tdrftwGif; rsdK;aphESifh aygif;pyfxm;aom zGJUpnf;rIrSay:xGufxif&Sm;vmjcif;
jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&ayonf/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif þodkYvm&Sd\/
]]xdkYaemuf igt&Sifonf 4if;t&mudk zefqif;jcif;topfwpfckodkY wdk;yGm;ap

awmfrl\/ odkYjzpf&m zefqif;olrsm;teuf taumif;qHk;jzpfawmfrlaom tv’m[ft&Sif
jrwfum; r*Fvmtygif;ESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlownf;}} (23;15)/ qdkvdkonfrSm t&Sifjrwf
onf om;tdrftwGif;ü jzpfay:vmaom ½kyfcE¨mudk,ftay:ü zefqif;jcif;topfwpf
ckudk jzpfapawmfrlavonf/ ,if;zefqif;jcif;topfudk 0dnmOf[kac:\/ zefqif;ol
tjzpf twkr&Sdaom t&Sifjrwfum;rsm;pGmaom aumif;csD;r*Fvmtaygif;ESifh jynfhpHk
awmfrlay\/
zefqif;jcif;topfudk cE¨mudk,frS ay:aygufaponf[laom twnfjyKcsuf
onf eufeJqef;Mu,faomt&mjzpf\/ þtcsufonf 0dnmOfwnf&Sdjcif;tjzpfudk
azmfxkwfjy½Hkru pdwf0dnmOfESifh udk,fcE¨mwdkY\ cdkifNrJaomqufoG,frIudkvnf; ñTef
jyavonf/ xdkenf;wlpGm ½kyfydkif;qdkif&mvkyfaqmifrI? ajymaompum;rsm;ESifh vIyf&Sm;
tm;xkwfrIwdkYonf t&SifjrwftwGuf t&Sif\vrf;awmfwGif xif&Sm;ay:vGifaomtcg

xdjk zpfpOfonf 0dnmOfEiS uhf ,
kd cf E¨mqufo,G rf &I o
dS nfh ed,mroabmtwdik ;f jzpfavonf/
qdkvdkonfrSm rsdK;aph(okuf&nf)ü pdwf0dnmOfwpfckudk tm;jznfhxm;&SdouJhodkY tqdkyg
½dk;ajzmihfjzLpifaom vkyfaqmifcsuftm;vHk;wdkYüvnf; pdwf0dnmOfwpfckudk tm;jznfhxm;
av\/ xdkvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;\ yrmPonf BuD;xGm;zGHUNzdK;vmaomtcgü 4if;wdkYü
tm;jznfx h m;aom pdw0f n
d mOfonf ay:xGuaf wmufyvmí vkyaf qmifcsufyrmPonf
jynfhpHkjcif;odkYa&mufaomtcgü 4if;twGif;&Sd pdwf0dnmOfonfvnf; tjynfhtpHkay:vGif
xGef;awmufvmí rdrd\0dnmOftoGifoP²mefudk txift&Sm; vSpf[jyoavonf/
xdktqifhü txufwGifazmfjycJhaom vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf vHk;0touf0ifvIyf&Sm;
vQuf&Sdacs\/
qkdvdkonfrSm aumif;rIyGm;jcif; vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;\yrmPonf NyD;jynfhpHk
jcif;odkYa&mufaomtcgü wpfpHkwpfckaomt&monf ,if;rS vQyfppfjyufonfh ta&mif
tvm; ½kwfw&ufxGufay:vmavonf/ þtqihfESifhpyfvsOf;í usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefü
t&Sifjrwfu þodkYrdefYawmfrlxm;\/
]]igt&Sifonf ol(vlom;)\ toGifo@mefudk NyD;pD;atmifzefqif;awmfrlí

,if;\ bkef;usufoa&tjzmjzmay:vGifxif&Sm;rIrsm;udk rSefuefatmif vkyfawmfrlNyD;
aemuf ol\twGif;odkY igt&Sif\0dnmOfawmfudk rIwfoGif;awmfrlNyD;NyD? odkYjzpf&m
toifwdkYtm;vHk;onf olYtm;taMumif;jyKí ysyf0yfOD;csMuukefavmh}} (15;30) (15;30)/
þrkuy© gXfawmfuñTe;f onfum; (aumif;rIymG ;jcif;)vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;\ yrmP
onf NyD;jynfhpHkaomtcgü? pdwf0dnmOfwpfckonf ,if;txJü xGef;awmufxGufay:
vmí 4if;udkt&Sifjrwfu rdrd\pdwf0dnmOf[k qdkxm;awmfrlavonf/ taMumif;rl
um; txufazmfjyygvkyfaqmifcsuftpkta0;onf þavmub0wyfrufrIrsm; csKyf
Nidrf;jcif;jzihfom jynfhpHkuHkvHkaomtajcodkY a&mufaomaMumifhjzpf\/

odkYjzpf&m tpydkif;ü arS;rSdefaecJhaom t&SifjrwftxHawmfrStvif;onf ½kwf
w&uf xGef;awmuf0if;xdefvmav\/ þodkYjzihf t&Sifjrwf\ þ*kPfusyfoa&xif
&Sm;vmjcif;udk jrif&aomtcgü vlwdkif;tzdkY ysuf0yfOD;cs&efESifh xdktvif;bufodkY
,drf;nGwf&ef rvGJraoG wm0efusa&mufvmavonf/ tarSmifudkBudKufaom tDAvDpf
rSwpfyg; xdktvif;udk odjrifolwdkif;onf OD;cs0yfpif;Muí tvif;qDodkY qGJaqmifjcif;
cHMu&avonf/
0dnmOfonf zefqif;jcif;cH&\
0dnmOfonf udk,fcE¨mtwGif;ü wdk;yGm;vmaom awmufyonfhtvif;jzpfNyD;

trd\ 0rf;wGif;om;tdrfü tm[m&jznfhysdK;axmifay;jcif;cH&onfqdkonfrSm vHk;0OóHk
rSefuef\/ ,if;onf tpü ikwfvQdK;írodjrifEdkif? aemufydkif;wGif xif&Sm;ívm\/
ueOD;tpuyif ,if;\ADZtESpfonf rsdK;aphwGif yg&Sdav\/ ,if;0dnmOfonf rsdK;aph
ESifht&Sifjrwf\ tpDtrH? t&Sifjrwf\ trdefYawmfESifh t&Sifjrwf\ tvdkawmftwdkif;
eufeJqef;Mu,fpGm qufpyfvQuf&Sd\/ 0dnmOfonf rsdK;aph\ awmufyxGef;vif;vm
om t&nftaoG;tESpfyifjzpf\/ ½kyfj'yfonf j'yfxk\tpdyftydkif;jzpfouJhodkY 0dnmOf
udk rsdK;aph\ tpdwftydkifwpfck[k rqdkEdkifacs/ xdkenf;wlpGm 0dnmOfonf jyifyrS
vmonf[lívnf;aumif;? urÇmajrBuD;ay:odkY usvmí rsdK;aph\ j'yfESifhaygif;pyf
onf[lívnf;aumif; rqdkEdkifacs/ rD;cwfausmufü rD;onf udef;atmifíaeonfht
vm; 0dnmOfonf rsdK;aphtwGif;ü ikwfatmif;íaejcif;jzpfavonf/
t&Sifjrwf\ rku©ygXfawmfu 0dnmOfonf aumif;uifrSoD;jcm;t&mwpfck
tjzpf qif;oufvmívnf;aumif;? odkYr[kwf avxkxJrS urÇmay;odkY usa&mufí
vnf;aumif;? rawmfwq rsdK;aphESifha&mpyfrdNyD; rsdK;aphESifhtwl trd0rf;wGif;odkY 0if
oGm;onf[k qdkvkdjcif;r[kwfay/ xdkuJhodkYaom t,ltqonf tajctjrpfr&Sdacs/
obm0w&m;ESifhvnf; qefYusifíaeavonf/ axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom ydk;wdkYonf
roefY&iS ;f ykwo
f ;kd aomtpm;tpmwdYk ü uyfa&mufonfuv kd nf;aumif;? raq;raMumaom
temrsm;ü jzpfay:vmonfudkvnf;aumif;? uREfkyfwdkY aeYpOfawGUjrifaeMu&avonf

npfywfayusHaeaom t0wfponf &maygif;rsm;pGmaom oef;rsm;udk jzpfay:ap\
xdkenf;wl trsdK;rsdK;aomydk;aumifwdkYonf vlwpfOD;\ tpmtdrfwGif;üjzpfay:vmMu
avonf/ þt&mtm;vHk;wkdYonf jyifyrSvmonf[lí qdkEdkifrnfavm/ xdkenf;wlpGm
aumif;uifrSqif;oufvmonfudk awGU&SdEdkifMurnfavm/
0dnmOf'kwd,tBudrfarG;zGm;jcif;
0dnmOfudk ½kyfcE¨mrS zefqif;aMumif; txufwGifazmfjycJhNyD;jzpfayonf/ þodkY

0dnmOfudk teEÅwefcdk;awmfjzifh cE¨mudk,frS zefqif;awmfrlaom t&Sifjrwf\ tvdkawmf
onf? 0dnmOf\ 'kwd,tBudrf arG;zGm;jcif;rSmvnf; udk,fcE¨mrSwpfqifhom jzpfoifh
aMumif; &nf&G,fawmfrl[ef&Sdayonf/
udk,fcE¨m\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;aemufodkY pdwf0dnmOf\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;onf vdkuf\
udk,fcE¨monf wpfckaom OD;wnfcsuftwdkif; a&GUvsm;ygu pdwf0dnmOfonfvnf;
tvdktavsmuf aemufuvdkuf\/ odkYjzpf&m t&Sifjrwf\ usrf;pmü wpfckaom
&nf&G,fcsufum; vlom;\ yifudk,fobm0tajctaeudk ñTefjy&efjzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh
yif usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefonf vlom;\ yifudk,fobm0tajctaetm; jyKjyifajymif;vJ
&ef txl;tav;xm;awmfrl\/ vl\pum;toHk;tEIef;? idkjcif;? pum;ajymjcif;? wdwf
qdwfpGmaejcif;? xdrf;jrm;jcif;? wpfudk,f&nfb0ESifhaejcif;? vrf;avQmufjcif;? &yfwefY
jcif;? udk,fcE¨moefY&Sif;jcif;? a&csdK;jcif;? usef;rmpOfESifh rusef;rmpOf pnf;urf;rsm;
vdkufemjcif;paom vlwdkif;\ vkyfaqmifjcif;wdkYESifhpyfvsOf;í ñTefMum;rIrsm;udk ay;
ayonf/
vl\ ½kyfydkif;tajctaeonf pdwf0dnmOfa&;&mtajctaeudk euf½dIif;pGmtusdK;
oufa&mufrI&SdapaMumif; usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefu twnfjyKavonf/ tcsdefrvHkavmuf
ojzifh xdkñTefMum;csuftm;vHk;\ tao;pdwf&Sif;vif;csufrsm;udk þae&mwGif azmfjy
&efrjzpfEdkifyg/
vlom;\wjznf;jznf;wdk;wufrI
qifjcifpOf;pm;vQif t&Sifjrwf\ jrifhjrwfaom rku©ygXfawmfonf vlom;\

yifudk,fZmwdobm0tajctaeudk jyKjyifajymif;vJ&ef pnf;rsOf;rsm;csrSwfay;í? xdkY
aemuf vlom;tm; wjznf;jznf;tay:odkY jr§ifhwifNyD;vQif 0dnmOfa&;&mtjrifhqHk;t
ajctaeodkY jr§ifhwif&ef vdkvm;awmfrlaMumif; awGU&Sd&ayonf/
yxrt&Sifjrwfonf vlom;tm; xdkifjcif;? xjcif;? pm;jcif;? aomufjcif;?
ajymqdkjcif;paom vlrIa&;tjyKtrlqdkif&m pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk oifjy&efvdkvm;awmfrl\/
þodkYjzihf vlom;tm; t½dkif;tpdkif;b0tajctaerS vGwfajrmufapí wd&pämefrsm;ESifh
cGJjcm;NyD; vlrIa&;qdkif&m ,Ofaus;rI[kqdktyfaom tajccHudk,fusihfw&m;rsm;udk ay;
tyf&efjzpfayonf/ xdkYaemuf þtajccHudk,fusihfw&m;tavhtusifhrsm;udk ysufuGuf
jcif;r&Sd tNrJvdkufemí t&SdefrSefap&ef vdkvm;awmfrlavonf/ þodkYjzihf vlom;onf
jrihfrm;aom udk,fusifhw&m;t&nftcsif;rsm;udk &&Sd&efjzpf\/ þenf;vrf;ESpfoG,f
pvHk;onf vlom;\ yifudk,fobm0tajctaeudk jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;ESifh qufoG,f
aeojzifh enf;vrf;wpfckwnf;\tpdwftydkif;rsm; jzpfMuavonf/ ,if;ESpfckonf
tqihftedrfhtjrihfüomvQif uGmjcm;rI&Sdavonf/
tvHk;pHkudk odjrifawmfrlaom Ó Pfawmf&Sifonf udk,fusihfw&m;pepfudk

þodkYpDpOfxm;ay&m &nf&G,fcsufum; vlom;tm; edrfhaomtqifhrS jrifhaomudk,fusihf
w&m;tajctaeodkY jrifhwufvmEdkifap&efjzpf\/
þodkYjrihfrm;aom udk,fusihfw&m;tajctaeodkY a&muf&SdNyD;aemuf wdk;wuf

jcif;\ wwd,tqifhum; vlom;onf ol\ppfrSefaomzefqif;&Sifudk cspfjrwfEdk;jcif;
ESifh t&Sif\ auseyf0rf;ajrmufrIudk &&Sd&efü vHk;0epfrGef;ae&efjzpf\/ vlom;tjzpf
ol\ jzpfwnfae&jcif;wpfckvHk;onf t&SifjrwftwGufom jzpfoihfayonf/ þt
qihfonf wwd,tqihfjzpfí rGwfpvifwdkYtm; þtqifhudk tpOfrjywf owday;&ef
twGuf olwYkd\bmomudk ]]tpövmrf}}[k trnfay;xm;ayonf/ tpövmrf\ t"dygÜ ,f

rSm rdrdudk,frdrd vHk;0rcRif;rcsef t&SifhxHawmf vHk;0OóHktyfESHjcif;jzpfayonf/ þ
onfESihfpyfvsOf;í bkef;usufoa& wifhNzdK;a0aom t&Sifjrwfonf þodkYrdefYawmfrl\/
]]u,fwifjcif;[lonfum; tMuifolwpfOD;onf rdrdudk,frdrd t&SifjrwfxH

vHk;0tyfESHysyf0yf&rnf/ xkdYjyif t&Sif\trIawmfü tepfemcHonfhftaejzifh rdrdukd,fudk
ay;tyf&rnf/ 4if;tjyif rdrd\½dk;om;jzLpifjcif;udk pdwfjzihfomvQifr[kwf um,uH
ajrmuf ajzmifhrSefaomaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;jzifh oufaoxl&rnf/ rdrdudk,frdrd þodkY
jyKusihfolonf t&SifjrwfxHawmfrS qkvmbfudk&tHh? þodkYaom olwdkYtay:ü aMumuf
&GHUjcif; usa&mufrnfr[kwf? aomu&Sdrnfvnf; r[kwfay}} (2;113) (2;113)/
]]olwYkdtm;ajymavmh? ig\ 0wfjyKjcif;ESihf ig\tepfemcHjcif;rsm;? ig\touf
&Sifjcif;ESifh ig\ aojcif;? xdkt&mtm;vHk;wdkYonf cyfodrf;ukefwdkYudk zefqif;arG;jrL
axmufyHhawmfrlaom wGJbufol[lír&Sdaom t&SifjrwftwGufomvQifjzpf\/ ightm;
þodkYtrdefYawmfcsrSwfojzihf igonf tpövmrf\ þt,ltqjynfhpHkatmif aqmif&Guf
í tv’m[f\ vrf;awmfwGif rdrdudk,frdrd tepfemcH&ef ay;tyfolwdkYwGif a&SUqHk;u
jzpf\/}}
]]þonfrSm igt&Sif\ ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaom vrf;pOfjzpf\/ odkYjzpf&m
þvrf;pOfudk vdkufMuukef? tjcm;rnfonfhvrf;pOfudkrQ rvdkufMuukefvifh? xdkvrf;
pOfrsm;onf oifwdkYtm; t&Sifjrwf\vrf;pOfrS a0;uGmapvdrfhrnf/}} (6;154)(6;154)/
]]olwdkYtm;ajymavmh? tu,fí toifwdkYonf t&Sifjrwftm; cspfjrwfEdk;vQif
ighaemufodkYvdkufí ig\vrf;twdkif; avQmufMuukef? þodkYjzihf t&Sifjrwfonf
oifwdkYtm; cspfjrwfEdk;í oifwdkY\tjypfrsm;udk csrf;omcGifhay;awmfrlvdrfhrnf/ t&Sif
jrwfonf csrf;omcGihftay;qHk;aom t&Sif? tpOftNrJ oem;Muifemawmfrlaom r[m
*½kPmawmft&Sifjzpfawmfrl\/ (3;32) /
yifudk,fobm0tajctaeESifhudk,fusihfw&m;qdkif&mtajctaersm;
uGJjym;jcif;ESifholwpfyg;toufudkrxdyg;vdkjcif;t,l0g'udk
&Sif;vif;acsycsuf
,ckqufvufí vlom;\ tajctaeoHk;&yfudk azmfjyygrnf/ odkYaomf xdk

odkYrazmfjyrD? owdjyK&efvdktyfonfh tcsuftvufwpfckum; usrf;jrwfuk&ftmeft&
raumif;rIudk vIHYaqmfaompdwfrS xGufay:vmaom vlom;\ yifudk,fobm0tajc
taeonf ol\udk,fusihfw&m;tajctaerS oD;jcm;cGJxGufaeaom t&mr[kwfacs
t&Sifjrwf\ jrwfaomrku©ygXfawmfwGif vlom;\ yifudk,fobm0owfrSwfxm;ay
onf? 4if;wdkYudk owdESifh,SOfaompdwfjzifh pepfwusjzpfapNyD; xdef;csKyfí tcsdeftcg?
ae&mtvdkuf oifhwifhavQmufywfpGm toHk;csygu udk,fusihfw&m;qdkif&m t&nft
csif;rsm;jzpfvmavonf/
xdkenf;wlpGm udk,fusihfw&m;tajctaersm;onf 0dnmOf(emrfw&m;) a&;&m
tajctaersm;ESifh vHk;0oD;jcm;pD &SdaeMuonfr[kwfay/ udk,fusihfw&m; tajctae
rsm;onf wdk;wufvmí t&SifjrwfxHawmfü rdrdudk,frdrd vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; tyfESHysyf
0yfum pdwf0dnmOfudk vHk;0oefY&Sif;pifMu,fapNyD;aemuf avmuDESifhtquftoG,f
jzwfí t&SifjrwfxHawmfodkY vHk;0OóHkvSnhfNyD; t&Sifjrwftm; tjynfht0cspfjrwfEdk;

jcif;ESifh vHk;0tyfESHysyf0yfí tjynfht0MunfvifwnfNidrfjcif;? auseyfjcif;jzpfNyD;vQif
t&Sifjrwftvdkawmftwdkif; vHk;0OóHkjzpfapygu 4if;wdkYonf 0dnmOfa&;&mtajctae
rsm; jzpfvmavonf/
vlom;onf rdrd\ yifudk,fobm0tajctaersm;udk udk,fusihfw&m;aumif;
rGefonfh tajctaetjzpfodkY 4if;tajctaersm;udk tjcm;aomouf&Sdowå0grsm;wGif
omru oufrJhrsm;üyifawGU&aomaMumifhwnf;/ xdkenf;wlpGm aumif;aomudk,fusihf
w&m;tajctaersm;udk &&SdumrQESifh vlwpfOD;tzdkY 0dnmOfa&;&mb0tajctaeodkY
a&muf&Sdonfr[kwfay/
xm0&bk&m;&Sifwnf&Sdjcif;udk vufrcHolwpfOD;onf aumif;rGefaomudk,fusihf
w&m;t&nftcsif;rsm; &SdEdkif\/ pdwfESvHk;ESdrfhcsjcif;? Nidrf;csrf;jcif;udk&SmazGjcif;? raumif;
rIudk a&SmifMuOfjcif;paom udk,fusihfw&m;qdkif&m t&nftcsif;rsm; &SdEdkif\/ þt&m
tm;vHk;wdkYonf obm0tajctaersm;jzpfí 4if;t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh rxdkufwefaom
u,fwifjcif;\ Zmpfjrpfudk vHk;0rodol? wpfpdwfwpfa'oudkrQ rcH&olrsm;üyif xdk
t&nftcsif;rsm;&SdEdkifay&m udk,fusihfw&m;aumif;rGef½HkrQESifh 0dnmPpGrf;tm; &&Sdonf
r[kwfay/
wd&pämefrsm;pGmwdkYü odrfarGUEl;nHhaompdwf &SdMuavonf/ 4if;wkdYudk vHk;0
at;Nidrf;vmí ½dkufESufqHk;rjcif;udk ½dkif;pdkif;pGmjyefí ckcHjcif;rjyK&ef avhusifhoifMum;
ay;Edkifayonf/ odkYaomf 4if;wdkYudk vl[lírac:Edkifacs/ vlaumif;vlrGef[lí ac:bdkY
um;a0;avpG/ xdkenf;wlpGm vkH;0vrf;vGJí raumif;rItcsdKUudk usL;vGefolwdkYyif
þt&nftcsif;rsm;udk jyowwfavonf/
tMuifolwpfOD;onf rdrd\temü jzpfay:vmaomydk;wdkYudk rowfvdkonfh
MuifemrIrsdK; &Sad umif;&SEd ikd af yonf/ tMuifow
l pfO;D onf olwpfyg;toufukd tEÅ&m,f
rjyKvdkojzihf rdrd\qHyifüwG,faeaom oef;rsm;? tpmtdrf? aoG;aMumrsm;? OD;aESmuf
wdkYüjzpfaom ydk;rsm;udk tEÅ&m,frjyKvdkonfhpdwfxm;rsdK; &SdEdkif\/ tMuifolwpfOD;
onf Muifemoem;rIaMumifh ysm;&nfudkroHk;pGJbJ aeEdkif\? tb,faMumifhqdkaomf

ysm;&nfonf toufrsm;pGmudk ysufpD;apNyD; oem;p&maumif;aomysm;rsm;udk ysm;tHkrS
armif;xkwfNyD;rS &aomaMumihfjzpf\/ uwdk;onf om;aumif\aoG;jzpfí om;aumif
udkowfNyD; om;i,fESifhcGJ&jcif;rS&aomaMumifh uwdk;oHk;pGJrIudk a&Smifolrsm;&SdEdkif\
tMuifolwpfOD;onf ykvJESifhydk;xnfwdkYudk 0wfqifjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfEdkif\/ taMumif;
rl 4if;ESprf sdK;pvH;k onf yd;k rsm;aoNyD;rS&aomaMumifjh zpf\/ a0'emcHpm;ae&olwpfO;D onf
ajr§mhuav;ao&rnfxuf rdrd\a0’emudkom cHpm;rnf[koabmxm;um ajr§mhjzifh
aoG;pkyfukojcif;udk jiif;y,frnfhol&SdEdkifav\/ tMuifolwpfOD;onf Muifemoem;rI
ESifh olwpfyg;toufudk raoapvdkaomqE´&Sday&m a&xJwGifygaom ydk;uav;rsm;
raoapvdkojzifh a&aomuf&efudkyif jiif;y,fEdkifayonf/
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pGmay;tyfjcif;cH&ay&m? ol\jyKrdaom trSm;wpfcktwGuf rdrdudk,frdrd jypfwifa0zef
NyD;vQif aumif;rIudkjyK&eftwGuf pdwfapmíaeavonf/ þtqifhum; tMuifolwpf
OD;tzkdY jrihfrm;aom udk,fusihfw&m;t&nftcsif;rsm;udk &&Sdaomtqihf jzpfavonf/
(zefqif;jcif;))ESifh ]]ckvfuf}}(ud
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jcm;em;csuf
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onf/
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aom twGif;owåd&Sd\/ 4if;um; tMuifemw&m;yifjzpf\/
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tm; jyefvnfí wdkufcdkufjcif;rjyKvdk? trSm;jyKoltm; tjypfr,lonf;cH\? þonf
ESifh pyfvsOf;NyD; owådwpfckonf&Sdí 4if;udkonf;cHjcif;[kac:onf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif
wpfOD;wpfa,mufonf ol\vuf? ol\ajcwdkYjzihf tvkyfvkyfívnf;aumif;odkYr[kwf
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apwemw&m;[kac:onf/ odkYjzpfí wpfOD;wpfa,mufonf þowådt&nftcsif;rsm;
tm;vHk;udk oifhwifhavsmufywfaom tcsdeftcg oifhwifhavsmufywfaomae&mrsm;ü

toHk;csygu 4if;wdkYudk udk,fusihfw&m; aumif;rGefjcif; t&nftcsif;rsm;[kac:av
onf/ *kPfawmfteEÅESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaom bk&m;&Sifu wrefawmfjrwf (xdkoift
ay:odkY tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ Nidrf;csrf;jcif;ESifh aumif;csD;r*Fvmtjzmjzmusa&mufygap)
tm; þodkYrdefYawmfrl\/
(68;5)
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(68;5)/
qdkvdkonfum; tm;vHk;aom jrifhrm;aumif;jrwfaom udk,fusihfw&m;rsm;jzpf
Muonfh apwemo'¨gw&m;? &JpGrf;owåd? w&m;rQwjcif;? tMuifemw&m;? &ufa&m
jcif;? ½dk;om;ajzmihfrwfjcif;? pdwfoabmxm;jrihfjrwfjcif; ponfwdkYonf wrefawmf
jrwfxHü tm;vHk;pkaygif;í &Sdavonf/ tcsKyftm;jzihfqdk&aomf vl\pdwfü obm0
twdkif;yg&Sdaom ,Ofaus;jcif;? £ajEódu©m&Sdjcif;? orm d&Sdjcif;? apwemo'´gw&m;
&Sdjcif;? Edk;Mum;jcif;? 0D&d,&Sdjcif;? oDvpifMu,fjcif;? bmomw&m;udkif;½dIif;jcif;?
w&m;rQwjcif;? pmemjcif;? &J&ifhjcif;? apwemxufoefjcif;? onf;cHjcif;? cHEdkif&nf&Sd
jcif;? &ufa&mjcif;? ½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfjcif;? opöm&Sdjcif; ponfwdkYonf oihfwihfavsuf
ywfaom tcsdeftcgrsm;ü qifjcifwHkw&m;ESifh pOf;pm;ÓPfwkdY\ vrf;ñTefrIatmuf
wGif ay:vGifxif&Sm;vmygu 4if;wkdYtm;vHk;udk udk,fusifhw&m;t&nftcsif;rsm;[k
owfrSwf&ayrnf/
trSefpifppf 4if;wkdYonf vlom;\obm0tajctae yifudk,fZmwdrsm;jzpf
Muay&m oifhwifhavsmufywfaomtcsdeftcgrsm;ü qifjcifpOf;pm;ÓPfjzifh toHk;csjcif;
cH&ygu udk,fusihfw&m;t&nftcsif;rsm;[kac:&avonf/ vlom;\ yifudk,fZmwd
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bmomw&m;udk vdkufemjcif;? aumif;rGefaom taqGcifyGef;ESifh aygif;azmfjcif;? jrwf
aoma'oemw&m;rsm;udk vdkufemusihfBuHjcif;jzihf vlom;onf ol\yifudk,fZmwdtajc
taersm;udk udk,fusihfw&m;aumif;rGefjcif;tjzpfodkY ajymif;vJavonf/ tjcm;rnfonfh

owå0gwGifrQ þuJhodkYaom yifudkoabmr&Sdacs/
vl\yifudk,fobm0tajctaersm;
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ESifh qufEG,fvQuf&Sd\/ aumif;aomtrltusifhrsm;qdkonfum; t½dkif;tpdkif;rsm;uJhodkY
pm;jcif;? aomufjcif;? vufxyfjcif;paom yifudk,fobm0tajctaersm;udk jyKjyif&ef
ESifh w&m;rQwaom vlrIa&;tqihftwef;ü wnfNrJcdkifrmapum wd&pämefuJhodkY wnf&Sd
aejcif;tjzpfrS u,fwif&efñTefjyonfh pnf;urf;Oya’rsm;yifjzpf\/ þtaMumif;ESifh
pyfvsOf;í usrf;jrwfu&k t f mefwiG f atmufygtwdik ;f trdeYf awmfjrwfcsrSwx
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wdkufauR;cJhbl;aom EkdYxdef;rdcifrsm;? toifwkdY\ EdkYpdkYzuftpfrnDrrsm;? toifwkdYZeD;
rsm;\ rdcifrsm;? toifwYkdaygif;oif;qufqNH yD;jzpfaom ZeD;rsm;bufrS r,m;ygorD;rsm;?
odkYaomf toifwkdYonf xdkZeD;rdef;rwdkYESifh aygif;oif;qufqHjcif;? rjyKcJhMuygbl;/
(xdkr,m;ygorD;rsm;ESifh vufxyfxdrf;jrm;jcif;tm;jzihf)toifwdkYü tjypfwpHkwpf&mr&Sd
ay/ 4if;jyif oifwdkYausmrsm;rSjzpfMuaom om;t&if;rsm;\ ZeD;rdef;rrsm;(udkvnf;
xdr;f jrm;jcif;? rjyK&efwm;jrpf\) nDtpfrt&if;ESpaf ,mufwYdk ukd wpfcsdew
f nf;twlwuG
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rausa&mufrDtcsdefu) þuJhodkYjyKcJhNyD;onfwdkYum; vGefcJhavNyD (4if;twGuf cGifhvTwf
NyD;jzpfacsonf)/ {ueftrSeftv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf cGihftvTwfqHk;aom t&Sif? xm0&
r[mu½kPmawmf&Sifjzpfawmfrl\}} (4;24) (4;24)/
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(4;20)
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(4;20)/ ]](þtrdefYawmfrusa&mufrD)twdwfwGif jzpfcJhonfrSwpfyg;? oifwdkY
tzdkY oifwkdY\zcifrsm; xdrf;jrm;NyD;jzpfaom rdef;rrsm;tm; vufxyfxdrf;jrm;&efrSm

oifwkdYtwGuf w&m;r0ifay}} (4;23) (4;23)/ ]]oifwdkYw&m;ojzihf vufxyfEdkifaomolrsm;
um; odu©mudk apmifhxdef;aom ,HkMunfoltrsm;orD;rsm;? xkdYjyif toifwkdYtvsif
usrf;*efay;oem;awmfrljcif;cH&aomolwdkYteufrS umtdajEúdk apmifhxdef;aom trsdK;
orD;rsm;jzpfMu\/ 4if;wdkYudk vufrxyfbJ umrrIudk usL;vGefjcif;? wdwfwdwfykef;
tajr§mifr,m;rsm; xm;jcif;rjyKbJ w&m;0ifvufxyf,lMuavmh}} (5;6) (5;6)/
todtvdrm® r&Sad o;aomtcsdeu f tm&Afvrl sdK;tcsdKUonf om;orD;rsm;r&wwf
ygu uav;rsm;&&Sd&eftwGuf rdrdwkdY\ZeD;rsm;udk tjcm;aoma,mufsm;wpfOD;OD;ESifh
aygif;oif;cGijfh yKMu\/ usrf;jrwfu&k t f mefonf þtavhtusihu f kd wm;jrpf\/ txuf
rku©ygXfawmfyg wdwfwdwfykef;tajr§mifr,m;rsm; xm;&Sdjcif;qdkonfrSm þtavhtxudk
ñTef;jcif;jzpf\/
xdkYaemuf usrf;jrwfwGif þodkYtrdefY&Sd\/
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dk of ifwYkd rzsufq;D MuESi}fh } (4;30)
(4;30)/ ]]xdYk jyif oifwYkd \om;orD;rsm;
udk rowfMuESifh}} (6;152)
(6;152)/ ]]oifwdkYonf rdrdtdrfrSwpfyg; tjcm;tdrfrsm;udk tdrf
&SifxHrS tcGihfr&bJ vl½dkif;rsm;uJhodkY pnf;urf;r0ifMuESifh? 0ifcGihf&aomtcgrSom
0ifygav/ xdkodkY0ifaomtcgü tdrfwGif;&Sdolrsm;tm; csrf;ajrUom,mjcif;? &Sdygap[k
ESKwfcGef;qufoygav/ tdrfxJwGif wpfpHkwpfOD;udkrQ rawGUvQif tdrf&SifcGihfay;onfh
wdkifatmif r0ifbJaemu&rnf/ tdrfwGif;&Sdolrsm;u 0ifcGihfrjyKbJ oihftm;jyefyg[k
ajymvQif jyefoGm;Muavmh}} (24;28-29)
(24;28-29)/
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(2;190)
(2;190)/
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aumif;rGefaom EIwfqufpum;jzifh jyefíEIwfcGef;qufoMuavukef/}} (4;87)
(4;87)/
]]ao&nfao&uf? avmif;upm;jcif;? ½kyfxkrsm;ESifhjrm;ypfí edrdwfzwfjcif;rsm;

onf pufqkwf&GH&SmzG,frsm;omjzpfí ½dIifwefrm&fewf\ tBuHtpnfrsm;jzpf\/ odkYjzpf

í 4if;wdkYudk vHk;0a&SmifMuOfMuavmh}} (5;91)
(5;91)/
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tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ emrawmfrSwpfyg; tjcm;olwpfOD;\ trnfukdwíowfaom
wd&pämef\tom;? vnfrsdKudkn§pfvdrfowfíjzpfap? ½dkufowfíjzpfap? tjrihfrSusí
jzpfap? OD;csdKjzifhacGUíjzpfap? aoaomwd&pämef\tom;? om;&Jwd&pämefpm;NyD;aom
tom;? ½kyfxkwkdYtm; ,pfylaZmf&mae&mwGif owfjzwfxm;aom wd&pämef\tom;rsm;
jzpfMu\/ taMumif;rlum; 4if;t&mtm;vH;k onf taoom;yifjzpf\}} (5;4) (5;4)/ ]]tu,f
í olwdkYonf oihftm;olwdkYtwGuf rnfonfht&mrsm;udk pm;cGihf&Sdoenf;[kar;tHh?
aumif;íoefY&Sif;apMu,faom t&mtm;vHk;wdkYonf oifwkdYtwGuf pm;oHk;cGihf&Sdaom
tpm;tpmjzpf\}}(5;5) (5;5)
(5;5)/ taoom;okdYr[kwf taoom;ESifhwlaomt&m? odkYr[kwf
roefY&Sif;aomtpm;tpmrsm;udk a&SmifMuOfMuavmh/
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toifwkdYtm; ajymonfhtcg tjcm;olrsm;xdkifEdkif&ef csufjcif; ae&jyKvkyfay;avmh?
(58;12)
xkdYjyif toifwdkYtm; xyg[kajymonfhtcg aESmihfaES;rIr&SdbJxavmh}}(58;12)
(58;12)/
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usef;rma&;udk jzpfxGef;apaomt&mtm;vHk;wdkYudk pm;aomufMuukef/ odkYaomf rnf
onfht&mürqdk tvGeftuRH rjzpfMuapESifh}} (7;32)(7;32)/
(33;71)
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(33;71)/
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ae&mrsm;udk oefY&Sif;pifMu,fpGmxm;avmh? rMumcP a&csdK;cef;oefYpifavmh? oifwkdY\
aetdrfrsm;udk oefY&Sif;oyf&yfpGm xm;onfhtusihfudk arG;jrLavmh}} (74;5-6)
(74;5-6)/
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pum;ajymESifh wD;wdk;avoHESifhvnf; rajymESifh 4if;jyif vdktyfaomtcgrSwpfyg;
vrf;avQmufaomtcg rjrefvGef;raES;vGef; oihfwifhaomajcvSrf;jzifh avQmufavmh}}
(31;20)
(31;20)/
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aom&du©mudk tjynfhtpHk,laqmifoGm;avmh? odkYrSom awmif;&rf;pm;aomufjcif;rS
(2;198)
uif;a0;aprnf}}(2;198)
(2;198)/ ]]oifwkdY\ZeD;rsm;ESifh aygif;oif;NyD;aomtcg a&csdK;jcif;jzihf
oifwkdY\ cE¨mudk,fudk oefYpifavmh}} (5;7) (5;7)/
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&mwGif rQwrIr&Sdrnfudk pdk;&drfacsu 4if;wdkYudk tkyfxdef;apmifha&Smuf&ef rdbaqGrsdK;
rsm;&Sdonfh trsdK;orD;rsm;udk vufxyf,lavmh? 4if;trsdK;orD;wkdYonf oifwdkYtm;
av;pm;orI&Sd&rnfhtjyif oifwdkYuvnf; olwdkYtay: *½kwpdkuf&Sd&ayrnf/ 4if;wdkY
tm; oifwdkYonf ESpfa,mufaomfvnf;aumif;? oHk;a,mufaomfvnf;aumif;? av;
a,mufaomfvnf;aumif;? tm;vH;k udk nDwn l rD Qxm;Edik yf gu vufxyf,El ikd \
f / odYk aomf
4if;wkYd ukd rQrQwwrxm;Edik rf nfukd pd;k &drv
f Qif wpfO;D xufyí kd vdt
k yfonf[k ,lqonfh
wdkif wpfOD;wnf;udkom vyfxyfavmh? ZeD;rdef;rav;OD;xufydkír,l&[k toifwkdYtm;
toifwkdYtm; uefYowfrIay;xm;\/ þodkYuefYowfcsufr&SdvQif toifwkdYonf t
oifwdkY\ ,cif avha[mif;twdkif; &mESihfcsDí ZeD;? rdef;rtajrmuftrsm;,lonfhtavh
txqDodkY OD;vSnhfEdkifaomaMumihfjzpf\/ oifwkdYonf rw&m;rIudk MunfMunfjzLjzL
ay;avmh}} (4;4-5)
(4;4-5)/
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b0rS ,Ofaus;rI&Sdí vlrIa&;em;vnfaomb0tqifhodkY jr§ifhwifay;onf yxrOD;qHk;
jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;jzpf\/ þoifMum;csufrsm;ü jrifhrm;aom udk,fusihfw&m;t&nf
tcsif;rsm;udk azmfjyxm;jcif;r&Sdacs/ þoifMum;csufrsm;onf vlom;\ tajccHtrl
tusihfrsm;eSihf oufqdkifavonf/
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&ef wrefawmfjrwf(tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ Nidrf;csrf;jcif;ESifh aumif;csD;r*FvmawmfwkdY
onf xdkocifhtay:odkY oufa&mufygap)apvTwfjcif;cH&aom vlrsm;wkdYum; tvGefY
tvGef ½dkif;pdkif;aomtajctaewGif&Sdaeav&m? 4if;wdkYtm; vlrIa&;qdkif&m trltusihf
rsm;\ tajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;udk oifjy&efvdktyfayownf;/
0ufom;udktb,faMumifhwm;jrpfygoenf;
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onf/
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om;wdkY\ &m*oHygaomtoHrsm;udkem;axmifjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf&rnf/ rdrdwdkY\tvSudk
zHk;tkyfxm;Mu&rnf? tcGifh&SdolwkdYrSwyg; tjcm;rnfolYudkrQ rjy&? acgif;rSNcHKvTmudk
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4if;jyif uacsonfrsm;uJo h Ykd ajcrsm;udrk aqmifMh uvif/h þonfwYdk um; ud, k u
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ywåemjyK&efjzpf\/ tjcm;ñTefMum;csufwpfckum; ]]rw&m;umrrIusL;vGefjcif;teD;odkY
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oefY&Sif;pifMu,fatmif xm;&rnfjzpf\}} (24;34)(24;34)/ Oyrmtm;jzihf Oykofapmifhjcif;?
tpm;tpmavQmhpm;jcif;? udk,fum,avhusihfcef;jyKvkyfjcif; ponfwkdYjzifh &m*pdwfudk
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4if;pnf;urf;twdkif; nDnGwfatmif rapmifhxdef;EdkifMuacs/}} (57;28) (57;28)/
tu,fí tdrfaxmifrjyKbJ wpfudk,f&nfwpfum,b0? &aoh&[ef;b0udk?
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t&Sifjrwfonf oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;t&nftcsif;udk&&Sd&ef taumif;qHk;aom oGefoif
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ESifh 4if;wdkY\tvSudk azmfjyjcif;wkdYudk em;axmifjcif;rS em;udkxdef;odrf;jcif;? udavom
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þonfESifh pyfvsOf;í usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefü vm&Sdcsufum; -
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cdkuf&efjzpfyGm;Edkifonfh tcsnf;ESD;aom wpfpHkwpfckESifhBuHKawGU&aomtcg (tav;rrlbJ)
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aumif;rIjyKjcif;wwd,tqihfum; aqGrsdK;&if;csmuJhodkY Muifemjcif;u½kPmyif
jzpf\/ þtqihfü t&Sifjrwf ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlonfrSm apwemxm;jcif;ü aus;
Zl;w&m;udk arQmfudk;pdwfr&Sd&ef? aus;Zl;wHkYjyefcHvdkonfh qE´vHk;0r&Sd&efESifh aumif;rI

jyKulnDjcif;ü udk,fcsif;pmw&m;? pmemaxmufxm;pdwftjynfht0jzifh ulnD&efjzpf\/
Oyrmtm;jzihf rdcifu om;orD;rsm;tm; jyKonfhaumif;usdK;rsdK;yifjzpf\/ þum;
aumif;rIjyKjcif;\ tjrifhqHk;tqihfjzpfí xdkxufomvGefaomtqifh r&SdEdkifawmhacs/
odkYaomf þaumif;rIjyKjcif; tqihftm;vHk;udk tcsdefwdkif;? ae&mwdkif;ü usihfoHk;&ef
r[kwfrlí avQmufywfaomtcsdeftcg? oifhwihfaomae&mwdkYüom usihfaqmif&ef
t&Sifjrwfu pnf;rsOf;rl csrSwfxm;awmfrlayonf/
txufwGifazmfjycJhaom rku©ygXfawmfonf þaumif;rIjyKjcif;rsm;udk oifh
wifhavQmufywfaomae&mrsm;ü rusihfoHk;ygu aumif;rIonf aumif;rIrrnfawmhbJ
raumif;rIrsm;jzpfvmaMumif; xif&Sm;pGm ñTef;qdkvsuf&Sdayonf/
Oyrmtm;jzifh w&m;rQwjcif;onf vdktyfonfxuf abmifausmfygu tusdK;
rjzpfbJ rzG,f&maomtjzpfodkY qdkufa&mufavonf/ xdkenf;wlpGm apwemudk vGJ
rSm;pGmusifhoHk;ygu qifjcifwHkw&m;? tqdk;taumif;cGJwwfaom pdwfwkdYESifh qefYusif
aeayvdrfhrnf// tvm;wlpGm aqGrsdK;&if;csmuJhodkY Muifemjcif; u½kPmrSmvnf; zdpD;
ESdyfpufjcif;? usL;vGefazmufzsufjcif;tjzpfokdY a&mufav\/ usL;vGefazmufzsufjcif;
twGuf tm&ADbmompum;rSm ]]b*D}}jzpfNyD; tvGeftusL;&GmoGef;ojzihf aumufyJ
oD;ESHudk zsufqD;aomrdk;[k qdkvdkayonf/ wm0efwpf&yf&yfudk aqmif&Guf&mü cRwf
,Gif;jcif;odkYr[kwf ydkvGefjcif; ESpfckpvHk;onf ]]b*D}}yifjzpf\/
twdkcsKyfqdk&aomf txufwGifazmfjycJhaom aumif;rIjyKjcif;qdkif&m t&nft
csif;oHk;&yfrS wpfckckudkvGJrSm;pGm usifhoHk;ygu aumif;rIjyKjcif;ü tpGef;txif;jzpfvm
avonf/ xdkYaMumihfyif 4if;wdkYtm; oifhwihfavQmufywfaomae&m? tcsdeftcgwdkYü
usihfoHk;&ef pnf;rsOf;rlrsm; csrSwfxm;ayonf/ þwGif owdjyK&eftcsufwpfckrSm
w&m;rQwjcif;? apwemw&m;ESihf aqGrsdK;&if;csmuJhodkY Muifemjcif;wdkYonf yif&if;tm;
jzihf udk,fusihfw&m;t&nftcsif;rsm;r[kwfacs/ vlom;\ yifudk,fZmwd? owådrsm;
omjzpfí qifjcifwHkw&m; rzGHUNzdK;ao;aom uav;rsm;üyif&Sdwwfayonf/ qifjcifwHk
w&m;onf udk,fusifhw&m;t&nftcsif; wpf&yf&yfudk usifhoHk;&m pnf;rsOf;rlwpf&yf
jzpfNyD; udk,fusihfw&m;t&nftcsif;tm;vHk;udk oihfwifhavQmufywfaomae&m? oifh

wihfavQmufywfaomtcsdeftcgwdkYü usifhoHk;&rnf[laom pnf;rsOf;rlwpf&yfvnf;&Sday
onf/
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif apwemxm;jcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í tjcm;ñTefMum;csufrsm;
pGm&Sd&m 4if;wdkYtm;vHk;ü ae&mESifhtcsdeftcgudkvdkufí usihfoHk;&ef pnf;rsOf;rlyg&Sdav
onf/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif vm&SdonfrSm -
]]tdk,HkMunfoltaygif;wdkY oifwdkYonf oifwkdYw&m;ojzifh&&Sdxm;aom ypönf;

Opömrsm;rS &ufa&mjcif;aomfvnf;aumif;? apwemjzifah omfvnf;aumif;? tvª'gejyKjcif;
jzihfaomfvnf;aumif; ay;urf;oHk;pGJMuukef/ qdkvdkonfrSm w&m;ojzihf&aom ypönf;
Opömrsm;qdk&mü cdk;0Sufjcif;? wHpdk;vufaqmifpm;jcif;? r½dk;om;jcif? tvGJoHk;pm;jyKjcif;?
rajzmihfrSefjcif;paom enf;rsm;jzihf &&Sdxm;aomypönf;rsm;a&maESmjcif;ryg&? toHk;r0if
aom roefYpifaomt&mrsm;rS tvª'geay;urf;&ef ra&G;cs,fMuvifh}} (2;268) (2;268)/
]]aus;Zl;jyKjcif; cH&olwkdYtm; tjypfqdkjcif;jzifhaomfvnf;aumif;? epfemapjcif;
jzihfaomfvnf;aumif;? oifwkdY\ ay;urf;vSL'gef;jcif;udk tcsnf;ESD;rjzpfapESihf/ qdkvdk
onfrSm oifulnDaumif;rIjyKzl;oltm; xkdokdYoifulnDzl;aMumif;udk owdrQyif ray;
avESihf? xdkoltm; rnfonhfenf;ESifhrQ epfematmifrjyKESifh/ taMumif;rl þodkYjyKvQif
oif\vSL'gef;ay;urf;jcif;onf tusdK;r&Sdtcsnf;tESD;jzpfvdrfhrnf/ xdkYjyif oifwkdY\
aiGaMu;rsm;udk vljrifap&efoufoufjzihf roHk;pGJESifh}} (2;265) ]]oifESihfb0wlzefqif;
cHvlom;rsm;tay:ü apwemxm;aumif;usdK;jyKavmh? taMumif;rlum; tv’m[ft&Sif
jrwfonf apwemw&m;yGm;rsm;olwdkYtm; cspfawmfrl\}} (2;196) (2;196)/

]]tppftrSef ajzmihfrwfaumif;rGefolwdkYonf y½kyfjzihf azsmftyfao cGufrS
azsmf&nfudk aomufoHk;Mu&rnf/}} (76;6-7)(76;6-7)/ þae&mwGif y½kyfudkñTefjcif;um;
olwdkY\ pdwfESvHk;rsm;onf þavmuD\ jyif;jyaomylyefwyfrufjcif;rsm;ESihf roefYpif
aom vIHYaqmfrIrsm;rS uif;&Sif;pifMu,foGm;vdrfhrnf[k qdkvdk&if;jzpfayonf/ y½kyf
twGuf rl&if;tm&ADpum;vHk;rSm zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fjcif;odkYr[kwf zHk;tkyfjcif;[k t"dyÜg,f&&Sd
ay&m qdkvdk&if;um; olwdkY\ rw&m;aomqE´pdwfwkdYonf zdESdyfcsdK;ESdrfcH&jcif;tjzpf
odkYa&mufí olwdkY\ pdwfESvHk;onf jzLpifoefYpifvmNyD;vQif t&Sifjrwftm; od&Sdem;
vnfjcif;wnf;[laom at;csrf;jcif;? csrf;ajrUjcif;udk cHpm;Mu&vdrfhrnfjzpf\/ xkdY
aemuf olwkdYonf BudK;yrf;jyKvkyfrIjzihf ajrBuD;rS yef;xGufvmaom pdrfhprf;rSa&udk
aomufMu&rnf[q k x
kd m;ayonf/ þtqdo k nf okcbH(k *sew
é )f \ euf½iId ;f aom odcuf
eufeJrIoabmudk ñTef;ayonf/ odem;vnfrI&Sdolonf odem;vnfygap/
]]tppftrSefajzmifhrwfaumif;rGefolwdkYonf olwkdYudk,fwdkifpmoHk;aom tpm;
tpmrsm;udk tv’m[ftm; cspfjrwfEdk;aompdwfjzihf olqif;&Jom;rsm;? rdbrJhrsm;ESifh
rnfonfhaus;Zl;w&m;\atmufudkrQ a&mufapvdkír[kwf? tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ ESpfvdk
rIudk vdkvm;í pdwf&if;apwemtrSefjzihf auR;arG;jcif;omjzpf\/ igwkdYonf oifwdkY
xHrS jyefay;jcif;? jyefqyfjcif; odkYr[kwf aus;Zl;wifjcif;udkvnf;aumif; arQmfvihfvdk
vm;jcif;r&Sdyg}} (76;9-10)
(76;9-10)/ þum; aumif;rIjyjcif;\ wwd,tqihfudk ñTef;jcif;
jzpfayonf/ þwwd,tqihf aumif;rIjyKjcif;um; jzLpifppfrSefaom pmemjcif;w&m;
rS xGufay:vmjcif;jzpf\/
]]tppftrSef ajzmifhrwfaumif;rGefolwkdYonf olwkdY\Opömypönf;rsm;udk t&Sif
jrwftm; cspfjrwfEdk;jcif;jzihf aqGrsdK;rsm;tay:üvnf;aumif;? rdbrJhrsm;tm; jyKpkysdK;
axmifjcif;? avhusihfoifMum;ay;jcif;üvnf;aumif;? qif;&Jom;rsm;tm; axmufyHhay;
urf;jcif;üvnf;aumif;? c&D;onfrsm;ESifh zkef;awmif;,mpumwkdYudk ulnDay;urf;jcif;
üvnf;aumif;? uRefrsm;udk uRefb0rS vGeaf jrmufap&efvnf;aumif;? a<u;wifaeolwYdk
\ ta<u;rsm;udk qyfay;jcif;üvnf;aumif; oHk;pGJMuukef\}} (2;178) (2;178)/
]]olwkdYonf oHk;pGJ&mü tvGeftuRHvnf;r[kwf? ap;eJwGefYwdkjcif;vnf;r&Sd?

xdkESpfckMum; r,kwfrvGefenf;udk usifhoHk;Mu\}} (25;68)
(25;68)/ ]]4if;tjyif tv’m[ft&Sif
jrwfu aygif;pyfapbdkY&ef trdefY&Sdaomt&mrsm;udk aygif;pyfMuí? olwdkYtm;zefqif;
awmfrlaom t&Sifjrwftm; aMumuf&GHU½dkusdK;Mu\}} (13;22)(13;22)/ ]]olwkdY\ Opömypönf;rsm;
ü awmif;aomolwdkYtwGufvnf;aumif;? awmif;&rf;jcif;rjyKEdkifolwkdYtwGufvnf;
aumif;? &ydkifcGihfa0pkonf&Sd\}} (51;20)
(51;20)/ þrku©ygXfawmfwGif awmif;&rf;jcif;rjyK
EdkifolwkdYqdkonfrSm acGrsm;? aMumifrsm;? pmuav;rsm;? EGm;rsm;? jrif;rsm;? qdwfrsm;
paom wd&pämefrsm;ESihf rdrdwkdY\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk EIwfjzifhajymqdkjcif; rjyKEdkifaomol
rsm;udk qdkvdkayonf/
]]olwdkYonf &Sm;yg;jcif;? iwfrGwfacgif;yg;jcif;? tcsdefrsm;üvnf; aemufqkwf
jcif;r&Sd? xdktcsdefrsm;üvnf; rdrdwdkY\ wwfEdkifrItwdkif;twmtavsmuf ay;urf;vSL
'gef;Mu\}} (3;135)
(3;135)/ ]]xdkYjyif olwkdYonf vQdKU0Sufívnf;aumif;? txift&Sm;aomf
vnf;aumif;? ay;urf;vSL'gef;Mu\}} (13;23) (13;23)/ vQdKU0SufpGmay;urf;jcif;rSm vltrsm;
jrif½Hkoufouf? yumoerjzpfap&efjzpfNyD;? txift&Sm;ay;urf;jcif;rSm tjcm;olrsm;
pHerlem,lEdkifap&eftwGuf jzpf\/
]]ay;urf;vª'gef;&ef oD;oefYowfrSwfxm;aom ypönf;OpömrS qif;&JEGrf;yg;ol
rsm;ESihf csdKUwJholrsm;twGufvnf;aumif;? ,if;ypönf;Opömrsm;udk aumufcH&ef? a0iS&ef
cefYxm;olrsm;twGufvnf;aumif;? raumif;rIwpfckckrS u,fwif&rnfholrsm;tm; ulnD
&efvnf;aumif;? uRefrsm;udk uRefb0rS vGwfajrmufap&efvnf;aumif;? a<u;NrDwif
&Sdaeolrsm;twGufvnf;aumif;? 'ku©qif;&JESihf BuHKawGUae&olrsm;twGufvnf;aumif;?
t&SifjrwftwGuf oufoufjzpfaom tjcm;udp&ö yfrsm;üvnf;aumif; tv’m[ft&Sif
jrwftwGuf BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfolrsm;twGufvnf;aumif; oHk;pGJ&rnf}} (9;60) (9;60)/
]]oifESpfoufjrwfEdk;aom ypönf;Opömrsm;xJrS oihfESihfb0wlzefqif;cHvlom;
rsm;\ om,m0ajymaumif;pm;a&;udk jr§ifhwif&eftwGuf roHk;pGJvQif oifonf aumif;
jrwfjcif;\ tjrihfqHk;tqifhodkY a&mufEdkifrnfr[kwf}} (3;93) (3;93)/
]]olqif;&Jrsm;tm; 4if;wkdY&oifh&xdkufaomt&mrsm;udk ay;avmh? xdkYjyif csdKU
wJholrsm;ESifh c&D;onfrsm;tm;vnf; 4if;wdkYvdktyfaomt&mrsm;udk ay;avmh? odkYaomf

(17;27)
oifwdkYonf oifwdkY\ypönf;Opömrsm;udk tusdK;rJhjzKef;wD;rIrS a&SmifMuOfavmh}}(17;27)
(17;27)/
þrku©ygXfawmfonf xdrf;jrm;jcif;? ZdrfcHjcif;ESifh uav;arG;zGm;jcif; ponfwdkYü
rvdktyfbJ t&rf;rJhoHk;pGJjcif;wkdYudk a&SmifMuOf&ef ñTefMum;awmfrl\/
]]rdbrsm;ESifh aqGrsdK;nmwdrsm;? xkdYjyif rdbrJhrsm; csdKUwJholrsm; oifESihfaqGrsdK;
awmfpyfonfh tdrfeD;csif;rsm;? xdkYjyif oifESifhaqGrsdK;rawmfpyfonfh tdrfeD;csif;rsm;?
xdkYjyif c&D;oGm;rsm;ESifh tapcHrsm;? oif\jrif;rsm;? oif\uRJEGm;wd&pämefrsm;ESifh
oif\vuf0,f&Sdaom tjcm;wd&pämefrsm;tay:ü apwemxm;tMuifemw&m; yGm;rsm;
avmh? þt&monf t&SifjrwfcspfESpfoufaomt&mjzpf\/ tjcm;olrsm; tusdK;udk
tav;rxm;bJ wpfudk,faumif;pdwf&Sdolrsm;? xdkYjyif ap;eJwGefYwdkí olwpfyg;udkvnf;
ESajrmwGefYwdkatmif wdkufwGef;olrsm;? xkdYjyif rdrdwdkY\ ypönf;Opömudk odk0Sufxm;NyD;
csdKUwJholrsm;tm; igwdkYrSm oifwdkYtm; ay;p&mbmrQr&Sd[k ajymMum;olrsm;? 4if;wdkYudk
t&SifjrwfcspfESpfoufawmfrrlay}} (4;37-38)
(4;37-38)/
ppfreS af om ol&owåd
vlom;\ yifudk,fobm0tajctaeü owdåESifh oP²mefwlaom t&m&Sd\

uav;i,fwpfOD;onf ol\yifudk,fobm0ü aMumuf&GHUjcif;uif;ojzifh ol\vufudk
rD;xJodkY xdk;xnfhonfhyrmjzpf\/ þtajctaeü wpfOD;wpfa,mufonf aMumuf&GHU
jcif;r&SdbJ usm;ESifhvnf;aumif;? tjcm;om;&Jwd&pämefrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif; &ifqdkif&J\/
xkdYjyif vltrsm;tjym;udk wpfOD;wnf;&ifqdkifwdkufcdkuf&efxGuf&J\/ þodkYaomfoludk
tvGefowåd&Sdol? &J&ifhol[k owfrSwfMu\/ pifppfrSmum; xkdodkYjyKrljcif;onf ppfrSef
aomowådr[kwfacs/ 4if;onf yifudk,fZmwdtajctae wpf&yfomjzpfí? þokdYaom
owådrsdK;udk om;&Jwd&pämefrsm;ESihf acG;rsm;wGifyif awGU&SdEdkif\/
jrifhrm;aom udk,fusifhw&m;t&nftcsif;wpf&yfjzpfonfh ppfrSefaomol&owåd
onfum; avQmfuefoihfjrwfaomae&mESifh tcsdeftcgü xGufay:vmjcif;jzpf\/ 4if;udk
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif atmufygtwdkif; azmfjyxm;awmfrlavonf/
qdkvdkonfrSm ol&owdå&SdolwkdYum; þolwkdYwnf;? ]]xdkolwdkYonf qif;&J'ku©

a&mufjcif;? a0'emcHpm;&jcif;ESifh ppfyu
JG mvtcsed rf sm;ü onf;cHí? NrJNrHpmG &yfwnforl sm;
jzpf\}} (2;178)
(2;178)/ ]]olwYkd \ onf;cHNrJNrHjcif;onf tv’m[ft&Sijf rwf\ ESpv f rkd t
I wGuf
oufoufomjzpfNyD; vlwdkYtm; rdrd\owdåudk jy&efr[kwfacs}} (13;23) (13;23)/ xkdYjyif
]]oifwkdYtm; n§Of;qJESdyfpuf&ef vltrsm;pk½Hk;aeMuNyD? aMumufp&maumif;vSonf[k
Ncdrf;ajcmufaomfvnf; olwkdYonf pdwftm;avQmhaMumuf&GHUjcif;r&SdbJ þokdYNcdrf;ajcmuf
rIonf olwdkY\ ,HkMunfrIudkom ydkrdkcdkifNrJapNyD; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf igwdkYtwGuf
vHk;avmufawmfrl\[k qdkMuavonf}} (3;174) (3;174)/
odkYjzpf&m olwdkY\ owådESifh&J&ifhjcif;onf acG;rsm;? wd&pämef½dkif;rsm;uJhodkY
obm0pdwfrmefrS xGufay:vmaom wpfzufowf&Jwif;jcif;rsdK;r[kwfay/ 4if;wkdY\
ol&owådonf ESpfvrf;oGm;\/ rdrd\ pdwfa’gowdkYudk xdkol&owådjzihf ckcHwGef;vSef
Edkifí xdkpdwfwkdYudk tEdkif,l\/ xdkYjyif &efoltm; &ifqdkifckcHwdkufcdkuf&ef oihfavsmf
onf[k ,lqaomtcgüvnf; xdkol&owådjzihfyif ckcHwdkufcdkuf\/ okdYaomf xdkodkY
wdkufcdkufjcif;rSm rdrd\ a’gopdwfaMumifhr[kwfbJ trSefw&m;udk axmufcHvdkíjzpf\/
olwkdYum; rdrdudk,fudk tm;rudk;? t&Sifjrwfudkom ,HkMunftm;udk;í ol&owåd&SdpGm
jyKrlMu\/ olwkdYonf armufrmaomtrlt&mESihf tjcm;vltrsm; jrifapjcif;iSm? rdrd
wdkY\ aetdrfrsm;rS rxGufMuacs/ olwdkY\ &nf&G,fcsufrSmum; t&Sifjrwf\ auseyf
ESpfNrdKUrIudk &,l&eftwGufomjzpfownf; (8;48) (8;48)/

þrku©ygXfawmfrsm;udk axmuf½IvQif ppfrSefaomol&owådonf onf;cHNrJNrH
jcif;ü t&if;wnfaMumif; xif&Sm;avonf/ rdrd\ pdwfrmefa’gowdkYudk ckcHwGef;vSef
Muí? &efolwdkufcdkufouJhodkY usa&mufvmaom ab;tEÅ&m,fwpfckckESifh BuHKawGU&
aomtcgüvnf; ol&Jabmenf;aMumuf&GHUí xGufajy;jcif;r&Sdjcif;um; ppfrSefaomo&
owådyifjzpf\/
okdYjzpf&m vlom;\ &J&ifhjcif;ESihf wd&pämef½dkif;wdkY\ &J&ifhjcif;wdkYü BuD;pGm
aomjcm;em;rI&Sd\/ wd&pämef½dkif;onf a'gopdwf<uvmaomtcg wpfzufowfjyKrl\/
odkYaomf ppfrSefaom ol&owåd&Sdaomolum; xdkodkYr[kwf? &ifqdkif&rnfavm odkYr[kwf
rckcHbJ ae&rnfavm? rnfonfu oihfavQmfonfudk tcsdeftcgvdkufí rSefuefpGm
a&G;cs,favonf/
ajzmihfrwfrSefuefjcif;
vlom;\ obm0yifu, kd tf &nftcsi;f wpf&yfum; rSeaf ompum;udk ajymjcif;
jzpf\/ omrmeftm;jzihf wpfOD;wpfa,mufonf wpfudk,faumif;pdwf\ vIHYaqmfrI
rygygu rkom;ajymqdk&ef qE´r&Sdacs/ olonf rkom;ajym&efrESpfouf? rkom;um;
qdk&ef 0efav;\/ rkom;ajymaMumif; xif&Sm;aomoludk rESpfouf? txifao;\/
okdYaomf þokdYrkom;ajym&ef obm0pdwf\ jiif;qefrIudk udk,fusihfw&m;t&nftcsif;
[k rqdkEdkifacs/ uav;i,frsm;ESihf ½l;oGyfolrsm;yif þt&nftcsif;udk jywwfMu\/
rSefaompum;udkqdkjcif;rS aoGznfEdkifaom &nf&G,fcsufudprö SeforQwdkYudk rpGefYypforQ
xdkoltm; ajzmihfrwfrSefuefol[k rowfrSwfEdkifacs/
tMuifolonf rdrd\tusdK;ryg0ifaomtcgü trSefudkajymqdkNyD;? rdrd\*kPf
odu©m? Opömypönf;? toufwkdYudk xdcdkufrnfpdk;&drf&aomtcgü rkom;udk tm;udk;&ef
toihf&SdNyD; trSefw&m;udk ajymqdk&efysufuGufolonf uav;i,f wpfOD;odkYr[kwf
½l;oGyfolwpfOD;xuf ydkíaumif;rGefolrjzpfEdkifacs/ ol½l;rsm;ESihf uav;i,frsm;yif
xdkuJhodkYaom trSefudkajymMuonfr[kwfavm/ &nf&G,fcsufwpfckckr&SdbJ rkom;ajym
oludk þurÇmü &SmrS&Sm;ayvdrfhrnf/ wpfpHkwpfck qHk;½HI;&rnfudkpdk;í xdkqHk;½HI;rIrS

vGwfajrmuf&eftwGuf pGefYvTwfvdkuf&aom trSefw&m;onf udk,fusihfw&m;t&nf
tcsif;r[kwfacs/ trSefudkajym&ef oihfavsmfaomtcsdeftcgum; rdrd\touf? tdk;
tdrfpnf;pdrf? *kPfodu©mwdkY xdcdkufqHk;½Hk;&rnfudk odvQufESihfyif trSefudktrSeftwdkif;
ajymjcif;jzpf\/ þtaMumif;&yfESifhpyfvsOf;í t&SifjrwfoGefoifawmfrlonfum; -
]]½kyfwkwdkY\ rESpfNrdKUzG,f&mrsm;udk a&SmifMuOfavmh? xdkYjyif rkom;pum;tm;

vHk;rS a&SmifMuOfavmh}} (22;31)
(22;31)/ rkom;pum;onfvnf; ½kyfwkyifjzpfaMumif; þrku©
ygXfawmfu jyqkd\/ ½kyfwkudk tm;udk;qnf;uyfolonf xm;0&bk&m;&Sifudk r,HkMunf
oljzpf\/ odkYjzpf&m rkom;pum;qdkjcif;jzihf xdkolonf t&Sifjrwftm; vufvGwf
qHk;½HI;&avonf/
]]trSefw&m;twGuf oufaoxGufqdk&ef tac:cH&onfhtcg vdkufzdkY&efrysuf
uGufMuESihf}} (2;283)
(2;283)/ ]]xdkYjyif rSefuefaomoufaoxGufqdkjcif;udk uG,f0Sufjcif;
rjyKvihf? trSefudk uG,f0Sufolü tjypf&SdaompdwfESvHk;&Sd\/}} (2;284)
(2;284)/ ]]oifpum;ajym
aomtcgü trSefudkajymavmh? oufqdkifolonf oif\ aqGrsdK;&if;csmyifjzpfap?

bufrvdkufbJ csdefcGifvQmnDouJhodkY rSefuefajzmihfrwfpGm usihfavmh}} (6;153)
(6;153)/
]]w&m;rQwrIudkusifhoHk;&mü wdusavmh? xkdYjyif trSefudkoufaoxGufqdkjcif;
aMumifh oif\jzpfap? oif\rdbüjzpfap? oif\ aqGrsdK;rsm; odkYr[kwf om;rsm;
polwdkYüjzpfap epfemqHk;½HI;&ef taMumif;&Sdonfhwdkif r[kwfrrSefaompum;udk rajym&?
tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ rsufESmawmfudkomaxmufí rSefaompum;udkom qdk&rnf/}}
(4;136)
(4;136)/
]]vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;? tkyfpkwpfpk\ oihftay:rvdkrkef;xm; &efNidK;yGm;jcif;onf
oihftm; rw&m;jcif;? rrSefuefjcif;udk usL;vGef&efwdkufwGef;&mrjzpfapESihf}} (5;9)
(5;9)/
]]ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaom a,mufsm;rsm;ESihf ajzmihfrwfrSefuefaom rdef;rwdkYonf tv’m[f
t&SifjrwfxHawmfrS BuD;pGmaomqkudk &vdrfhrnf}} (33;36)
(33;36)/ ]]olwkdYonf trSefw&m;udk
tNrJpGJNrJpmvufudkifxm;&ef wpfOD;udkwpfOD; wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfMu\}} (103;4)
(103;4)/ ]]olwdkY
onf rkom;ajymqdkolwkdY\ todkif;t0ef;wGif rxdkifMuacs/}} (25;73)(25;73)/
onf;cHNrJNrHjcif;
vlom;\ yifudk,fobm0t&nftcsif;wpf&yfum; rusef;rmpOfESihf qif;&J

‘'ku©a&mufpOfü onf;cHjcif;jzpf\/ olonf rsm;pGmaom ylaqG;'ku©a&mufNyD;aemuf
4if;qif;&J'ku©rsm;udk at;Nidrf;jcif;jzpfatmif jyKvkyf\/ qif;&J'ku©a&mufcsdefü idka<u;
nnf;wGm;í? ol\ pdwf'ku©tvdkaemufodkYvdkufNyD;aemuf? aemufqHk;wGif ausat;jcif;
tjzpfokdY a&mufMu&jcif;onf vlom;\ obm0"r®wmjzpfavonf/ þtajctae
ESpf&yfpvHk;onf yifudk,fobm0tajctaersm;omjzpfNyD; rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ udk,f
usihfw&m;t&nftcsif;\ tpdwftydkif;r[kwfacs/
þtaMumif;&yfESihfpyfvsOf;í avQmfuefaom udk,fusihfw&m;t&nftcsif;jzpf
&efum; qHk;½HI;rIwpfckjzpfaomtcgü xdkqHk;½HI;oGm;aomt&mrSm rdrdtm; t&Sifjrwfay;
oem;awmfrlxm;aom t&momjzpfNyD;? xkdt&Sifjrwf ay;oem;awmfrlxm;aomt&mudk
t&SifjrwfxHawmfodkY jyefay;onf[k oabmydkufí xdkqHk;½HI;rItwGuf nnf;wGm;jcif;

rjyKoifah cs/ t&Sijf rwf ay;oem;awmfrx
l m;aomt&mudk t&Sijf rwfjyef,al wmfro
l nf[k
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þtaMumif;udk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif þokdYoGefoifxm;awmfrlayonf/
]]igt&Sio
f nf toifwYdk tm; wpfpw kH pf&maom aMumuf&UHG pd;k &drrf u
I sa&mufjcif;?
iwfrGwfjcif;? pD;yGm;Opöm? toufESihfoifwkdY vkyfudkifaomtvkyf\ tusdK;qHk;½HI;jcif;?
4if;jyif wpfcgwpf&HwGif toifwkdYcspfaom om;orD;rsm;aoqHk;jcif;wdkYjzifh trSefyif
prf;oyfawmfrlrnf/ odkYaomf xdkodkY'ku©qif;&Jwpfckck usa&mufvmaomtcgü pdwf
ysufjcif;r&SdbJ? igwdkYudkt&Sifjrwfydkifí igwdkYonf t&Sif\tapcHrsm; jzpfMuonf/
t&SifhxHawmfodkY igwdkYjyefMu&rnf[k tcdkiftrm,HkMunfí onf;cHjcif;w&m;&Sdonfh
olwdkYtm; 0rf;ajrmufzG,fowif;aumif;rsm; ay;ygav? xdkolwdkYtm; 4if;wdkYtay:odkY
olwdkY\ zefqif;&SiftxHawmfrS aumif;csD;r*FvmawmfESifh r[mu½kPmawmfrsm; us
a&mufolrsm;jzpfMu\/ olwkdYonf rSefuefpGmvrf;jyjcif;udkcH&olrsm;jzpfMu\}}
(2;156-158)
(2;156-158)/
þudk,fusihfw&m;t&nftcsif;udk onf;cHjcif;odkdYr[kwf t&Sifjrwf\ tvdk
awmfus vufcHjcif;[k ac:ayonf/ wpfzufrSMunfhvQif þt&nftcsif;udkom
wlnDrQrI&Sdjcif; odkYr[kwf w&m;rQwrI&Sdjcif;[k ac:qdkEdkifayonf/
vlwpfOD;\ oufwrf;wpfvQmufvHk;wGif t&Sifjrwfonf xdkol\ vdktyfqE´
twdkif; axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom udp&ö yfrsm;udk jzpfapawmfrl\/ olYtm; ra&wGufEdkif
aomt&mrsm;udk ay;oem;awmfrlayonf/ odkYjzpf&m t&Sifjrwfu olYtm; t&Sif\
tvdkawmftwdkif; vdkufem&ef vdkvm;awmfrlaomtcgü wpfbufodkYvSnfhí? t&Sifjrwf
\ tvdkawmfudk rausreyfjzpfum? a0zefjypfwifjcif; odkYr[kwf ,HkMunfrIrJhoGm;jcif;

odkYr[kwf t&Sif\vrf;rS vTJz,foGm;jcif;jyKygu xdkoltzdkYvGefpGmrS rw&m;&m us
a&mufayvdrfhrnfwnf;/
vlom;tcsif;csif;pmemaxmufxm;jcif;
vlom;\ yifudk,fobm0t&nftcsif;rsm;teuf wpf&yfum vlom;tcsif;

csif; pmemaxmufxm;jcif;yifjzpf\/ rnfonhfbmom0ifrsm;rqdk rdrdESifhbmomwlol
tcsif;csif;tay: pmemaxmufxm;aom obm0&SdMuayonf/ trsm;pkrSm xdkobm0
pdwf\ tm;wGef;rIaMumifh tjcm;bmom0ifrsm;tm; vl[líyif oabmrxm;onfhyrm
rw&m;jyKrlMuavonf/ þodYk aompdwx f m;rsKd ;udk ud,
k u
f siw
fh &m;t&nftcsi;f wpf&yf[k
rac:qdkEdkifacs/ 4if;rSm obm0yifudk,fZmwdpdwf\ aphaqmfrIomjzpfav&m? þtjyK
trlrsdK;udk iSufrsm;üyif awGU&Sd&ayonf/ Oyrmtm;jzihf usD;uef;wpfaumifaovQif
&mESihfcsDí usD;uef;rsm; pkNyHKa&muf&SdvmMuavonf/
þyifudk,fobm0pdwfudk oifhwihfavQmufywfaomtcsdeftcgü w&m;rQwpGm
om wlnDrQ&SdpGm usihfoHk;ygrS jrifhrm;aom udk,fusihfw&m;t&nftcsif; wpf&yftjzpf
owfrSwf&ayvdrfhrnf/ þtajctaeodkYa&mufrSomvQif tm&ADESihfyg&Sefbmompum;
ESpf&yfpvHk;wGif pmemaxmufxm;jcif;[k azmfjyxm;aom BuD;jrwfaom udk,fusihfw&m;
t&nftcsif;wpf&yf jzpfvmayvdrfhrnf/ þonfudk BuD;us,fxGwfjrwfawmfrlaom
tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif ñTef;xm;awmfrlavonf/ usrf;jrwf
uk&ftmefwGif t&SifjrwfñTefMum;awmfrlonfum; -
]]bmomw&m;MunfndKjcif;ESihf ajzmifhrwfjcif;ü wpfOD;udkwpfOD; ½dkif;yif;ulnD

Muavmh? ‘kp½dkufrIESihf raumif;qdk;oGrf;rIrsm;ü wpfOD;udkwpfOD; ½dkif;yif;ulnDjcif;rjyK
MuESihf}} (5;3)
(5;3)/
]]oifESifhb0wlvlom;rsm;\ tusdK;udkonfydk;jcif;ü vufraES;yg;apESihf}}
(4;105) (4;106)
(4;105)/ ]]½dk;om;rIr&Sd? opömrJholrsm;\tusdK;twGuf ckcHajymqdkjcif;rjyKESifh}}(4;106)
(4;106)/
]]opömrJjh cif;ü pGNJ rJow
l Ykd twGuf awmif;yefavQmufvjJ cif;rjyKESi?hf tv’m[ft&Sijf rwfonf
opömazmufolrsm;tm; cspfawmfrrlacs}} (4;108) (4;108)/
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oaE¨pdwfonf olYtm; xdkt&SifhxHawmfodkY tNrJqGJaqmifvQuf&Sd\/
þtjcif;t&monf vlom;üarG;pt&G,frSpí xif&Sm;odvm\/ uav;i,f
onf arG;vQifarG;csif; 0dnmOfa&;&m 0daoovu©Pmudkjy\/ 4if;rSm rdcifudkwG,f
wmaompdwfjzpfNyD;? rdcif\ cspfjcif;arwåm vTrf;NcHKjcif;cH&aomtcg rdciftay:
wG,fwmaom rdrd\obm0pdwfudk jyavonf/ 4if;\tpGrf;owådrsm; wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;
vmí ol\pdwf&if;obm0onf txift&Sm;ay:vGifvmaomtcgü txufwGifazmf
jycJhaom twGif;oaE¨pdwfonfvnf; ydkíydkítm;aumif;xif&Sm;vmavonf/ rdcif\
&ifcGifrSvGJí tjcm;rnfonfhae&mwGifrQ olYtwGuf at;Nidrf;om,mjcif;r&Sd? rdcifESihf
uGJíae&vQif okdYr[kwf rdcifESihfa0;íae&vQif ol\b0onf aysmf&TifrIrJhí cg;oD;rI
rsm;omjzpfvmavonf/ vdkorQt&mudk awmifESifhtrQ yHkíay;aomfvnf; rdcifESifhcGJ
cGm&ef qGJaqmifír&? rdcifonfomvQif olYtzdkY aysmf&Tifjcif;rSeforQpHkyHk&mwnf;/
rdcifESifhtwlae&onfrSvGJí olYtwGuf tjcm;aysmf&Tif&mr&Sdacs/ odkYqdkvQif uav;
i,fwpfOD;ü rdciftay:&Sdao xdkrQtm;aumif;onfh qGJaqmifrIoabmonf tb,f
t&menf;/
þqGJaqmifrIoHa,mZOfum; ppfrSefaomzefqif;&Sifu vlom;wkdY\yifudk,f

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cspfaompdwf jzpfay:vmaomtcgü þqGJaqmifrIonf ay:aygufvmav\/ þqGJ
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0w¦Krsm;udk pGJaomtcspfpdwfonf zefqif;aom? t&Sifocifudkcspfaom xdkobm0yif
udk,ftcspfpdwfü t&if;wnfavonf/ tjcm;t&mrsm;udk tcspfpGJjcif;onf tppftrSef
jzpfaomt&mudk &SmazGjcif;vu©PmrQomjzpfavonf/ olonf aysmufqHk;aeaom
wpfpHkwpf&mudk &SmazGjcif;vu©PmrQomjzpfavonf/ olonf aysmfqHk;aeaom wpfpHk
wpf&mudk &SmazGaeouJhodkY jzpfaeav\/ xdkt&m\trnfudkvnf; rrSwfrdacs? ol
onf xdkt&mudkawGU&SdorQaom t&m0w¦Kwpfckr[kwf? wpfckxJü awGU&Sd&ef&SmazGae\/
ypönf;Opömudk wyfrufjcif;? om;orD;ESifh ZeD;wkdYudk cspfjcif;? om,maom *DwoHudk
Mum;vdkjcif; ponfwdkYtm;vHk;onf tppftrSefcspfjcif;cHxdkufaom t&Siftm; &SmazG
jcif;vu©mrsm;yifjzpfavonf/ vlom;onf rodrjrifomaomt&Sifjrwfudk rdrd\½kyf
rsufpdjzihf rjrifEdkifacs/ ylaom*kPfowådonf rD;üudef;atmif;íaebouJhodkY xm0&
bk&m;&Sifonf vlwdkif;\pdwf0dnmOfü udef;atmif;vQuf&Sdav\/ xkdYjyif rjynfhpkHaom
qifjcifwHkw&m;jzihfvnf; vlom;onf xm0&bk&m;&Siftm; &SmazGrawGU&SdEdkif/ þodkY
bk&m;&Siftm; omrmefrsufpdjzifhrjrifEdkif? rjynhfpHkaom qifjcifwHkw&m;jzihf &SmazGí
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þodkYvGJrSm;jcif;ESifhywfoufí usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif tvGefaumif;jrwfaom
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onf/ eef;awmf\ Murf;jyifudk acsmarGUaomrSefcsyfrsm;jzifh cif;usif;xm;NyD;? xdkxGif;
azmufawmufyMunfvifaom rSeftcif;\atmufü a&onfjyif;xefaomt[kefjzifh
pD;íaeavonf/ þMurf;jyifudkMunfhaom rsufpdwdkif;u ,if;Murf;jyifudkpD;aeaom
a&[k xifrSwfrSm;Muavonf/ odkYjzpf&m Murf;jyifudk a&xifrSwfí avQmufvSrf;&ef
aMumuf&GHUMuavonf/ trSefrSm Murf;jyifudkacsmarGUaom azmufxGif;jrifEdkifonfhrSef

jzihf cifxm;jcif;omjzpf\/ azmufxGif;íjrif&aomrSefudk a&[kxifrSwfrSm;jcif;jzpfav
onf/
xdkenf;wlpGm ae?vpaom þaumif;uifwefqmwdkYonf acsmarGUíazmuf
xGif;jrifEdkifaom rSefcsyfrsm;jzpfNyD;? ,if;wkdY\atmufwGif BuD;rm;aom wefcdk;pGrf;tm;
wpfckonf t[kefjzifhpD;aeaom a&yrmvIyf&Sm;vQuf&Sd\/ odkYjzpf&m þaumif;uif
wefqmrsm;udk udk;uG,folwdkYtzdkY ,if;aumif;uifwefqmwkdY\ aemufuG,frSvIyf&Sm;
aeaom wefcdk;pGrf;tm;rS xGufay:vmaom*kPfawmfrsm;udk ,if;aumif;uifwefqm
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]]xdkt&monf acsmarGUaomrSefcsyfrsm;jzihf cif;íxm;tyfaom cef;raqmifBuD;jzpf\}}

(27;45)
(27;45)/
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vnf; vHk;0uG,f0Sufaeojzifh uREfkyfwdkY\ rsufpda&SUwGifjrifawGUae&aom ½kyfavmu
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½lyaA'ESihf ‘óeduaA'ynm&yfwdkYudk ESHYESHYpyfpyfavhvmNyD;aemuf aumif;uifESihf
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qcsufpdwful;ü w0JvnfvnfjzpfaeMuavonf/ olwdkY\ tpGrf;ukefrSef;qcsufum;
tHhMoavmufatmif cRwf,Gif;rIuif;í pepfwus&Sdaeaom þ½kyfavmupepfBuD;udk

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twGif;rS rif;wkef;rsm;csxm;aom tcef;wpfckudkawGUygu? twGif;rS rif;wkef;udk
csolwpfOD;OD; tcef;wGif;ü&Sd&rnf[k csufcsif;,lqayrnf/ taMumif;rlum; tjrif
tm;jzihf twGi;f rSrif;wke;f udk tjyifrw
S pfcck jk zihf csírjzpfEikd af omaMumifjh zpf\/ odYk aomf
ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm tjyifuac:aomfvnf; txJujyefxl;oHrMum;&acsu twGif;ü wpf
a,mufa,muf&Sd&rnf[laom xifjrifcsufudkpGefY&rnfjzpfNyD;? vQdKU0Sufud&d,mwpfckck
jzihf wHcg;\twGi;f rif;wke;f udk csxm;onf[k aemufq;kH aumufcsucf s&ayrnf/ þum;
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om &Sdavonf/ xdkYxufrydkay/ xm0&bk&m;&Sifudk ajrBuD;xJwGif Nr§KyfESHxm;aom
vlaotavmif;uJhodkY oabmxm;NyD; xdkt&Sifudk&SmazG&efrSm vlom;wkdY\tvkyf[k
oabmxm;jcif;um; BuD;pGmaomtrSm;yifjzpf\/ xm0&bk&m;&Sifudk vlom;wdkY\
BudK;yrf;rIjzihfom awGU&Sd&rnfqdkygu xkdt&SifxHawmfrS uREfkyfwdkYtaejzihf wpfckckudk
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uyif ]]ig&SD\}}[k tcdkiftrmrdefYqdkí vlom;wdkYtm; rdrdxHodkYcdkudk;&ef tNrJxm0&

ac:awmfrlcJhavonf/
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tay:ü vl\aus;Zl;&So d nf[í l vnf;aumif;? tawG;tac:ynm&Sirf sm;r&Scd v hJ Qif xm0&
bk&m;&Sifudk vlwdkYrod&SdbJaernf[lívnf;aumif;? ,lqvQif tvGefrcdk;rcefYrxDav;
pm;jyK&m usayvdrfhrnf/ xdkYtwl t&Sifjrwfüpum;ajym&ef EIwfyg;pyfr&SdvQif tb,f
okdY pum;ajymEdkifrnfenf;[kar;vQif þodkYar;jcif;onf rdkufrJjcif;yifjzpfvdrfhrnf/
tajzum; t&Sifjrwfonf urÇmajrBuD;ESihf aumif;uifwefqmrsm;udk udk,fxnfESifh
qdkifaom vufr&SdbJ zefqif;cJhonfr[kwfavm? rsufpdr&SdygbJvsuf pMum0Vmudk
rjrifawGUbJ aeoavm? em;udk,fxnfr&SdbJvsuf uREfkyfwdkY\ wdk;vQdK;awmif;yefoH
udkrMum;bJaeoavm? odkYjzpf&m xdkodkYzefqif;Edkif? jrifEdkif? Mum;Edkifaom t&Sifjrwf
onf uREfkyfwdkYtm; pum;ajymqdk&efvnf; rvdktyfygoavm/
xm0&bk&m;&Sifonf a&S;,ciftwdwftcsdefu pum;ajymcJhaomfvnf; ,ck
tcg rajymawmh[kqdkacsuvnf; xdktqdkonf rrSefuefacs/ t&Sif\trdefYawmfpum;
vlom;ESifhtjyeftvSefajymjcif;wdkYudk acwftcsdeftm;jzihf owfrSwfabmifcwfxm;ír&
t&Sifonf ,ciftwdwftcsdefrsm;uuJhodkYyif ,ckacwftcsdefrsm;wGifvnf; rdrdtm;
&SmazGolwkdYtm; Asm’dwfprf;rS Asm'dwfpum;rsm;jzihf tm;jznfhay;&ef toifh&Sdavonf/
xdkYtjyif t&Sif\u½kPmawmfwHcg;rsm;onfvnf;twdwftcsdefrsm;uuJhodkYyif ,aeY
tcsdefwGifvnf; us,f0ef;pGmzGihfxm;vsuf &Sdavonf/
vlom;wdkYtwGuf vdktyfaomNyD;jynfhpHkonfhOya’(uk&ftmefusrf;)udkay;NyD;
onfjzpfaomaMumifh aemufxyfOya'topfudk t&Sifjrwfay;zdkY&ef rvdkawmhonfum;
rSef\/ xdkYtwl wrefawmfyGihfay:jcif;rsmvnf; uREfkyfwdkY\ ocifwrefawmfjrwf
(tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ Nidrf;csrf;jcif;ESifh aumif;csD;r*Fvmawmfrsm;onf xdkocifhtay:
odkY usa&mufygap)xHwGif txGwftxdyfodkY a&muf&SdNyD;jzpfonfum; rSef\/ odkYaomf
t&Sifjrwfu vlom;wkdYtm; pum;ajymawmfrlaom Asm'dwfwHcg;um; ydwfqdkYjcif;tjzpf
okdY ra&mufao;acs/
wrefawmfjrwfonf tma&AswGif yGiahf y:&jcif;taMumif;
tv’m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfrS aemufqHk;vrf;ñTefcsufonf tma&Asü xGef;

awmuf&rnf[lonfrSm t&Sifjrwf\ tvdkawmfowfrSwfcsufwnf;/ tm&AfvlrsdK;wkdY
onf tpörmtDvfrS qif;oufjcif;jzpfNyD; tpörmtDvfrSm £oa&vtrsdK;rS tquf
jzwfjcif;cHcJh&avonf/ tpörmtDvfrSm t&Sifjrwf\ tvdkawmft& yg&ef(zm&ef)uEÅm&
xJodkY ESifydkYjcif;cHcJh&avonf/ yg&ef(zm&ef)\t dyÜg,frSm xGufajy;wdrf;a&SmifolESpf
OD;[k &&Sdavonf/ tpörmtDvf\ tquftEG,frsm;rSm beDtdp&ö mtDvfvlrsdK;rS tA&m
[rfudk,fwdkif\ tqufjzwfjcif;udk cHcJh&avonf/ olwdkYonf tpö[mufxHrS tarG
rqufcH&[k a&;om;xm;csuf&Sdonfhtwdkif; olwdkYonf awmif&mwfusrf;Oya'ESihf
oufqdkifjcif;r&SdcJhacs/
þokdYjzihf tpörmtDvf\ tquftEG,fwdkYrSm rdrdrsdK;EG,fwkdY\ pGefYjcif;udkcH&
NyD; tjcm;rnfonfhvlrsdK;ESifhrQvnf; tquftoG,fr&SdcJhacs/ tjcm;wdkif;jynftm;vHk;ü
0wfjyK&Sdcdk;jcif;ESihf ynwfawmfrsm;\ tptetrSwfvu©Pmrsm;udk awGU&Sd&av&m?
wpfcsdefr[kwfwpfcsdefü wrefawmfrsm;\ a[mMum;csufrsm;udk &&SdcJhaMumif; ñTefjy
vsuf&Sdayonf/ tma&AsEdkifiHwpfckwnf;omvQif xdkodkYaoma[mMum;oGefoifcsufrsm;
ESihf vHk;0rxdawGUcJh&ay&m? tjcm;wdkif;jynftm;vHk;xuf vGefpGmrS aemufusvsuf&Sd
avonf/
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EdkifiHonf wpfurÇmvHk;ESihfqdkifaom wrefawmfyGihfay:jcif;tusdK;udk cHpm;&avonf
þwrefawmfonf tma&AsvlrsdK;wpfrsdK;wnf;twGuo f mr[kwb f J wpfurÇmvH;k twGuf
jzpfojzifh tma&AsEdkifiHomru tjcm;vlrsdK;? tjcm;EdkifiHtm;vHk;yg tusdK;aus;Zl;udk
cHpm;Mu&NyD; olwYkd txJü rSm;,Gi;f vmaomtrSm;rsm;udv
k nf; z,f&mS ;Edik &f efjzpfavonf/
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefonf cRwf,Gif;rIvHk;0uif;NyD; NyD;jynfhpHkaom usrf;jrwfjzpf
NyD;vQif vlom;tm; jyKjyifajymif;vJ&ef wm0efwpfckvHk;udk,lavonf/ xdkYjyif xdkusrf;
onf vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;wnf;twGufomr[kwfacs/ vlrsdK;tm;vHk;udk jyKjyif&eftwGufjzpfNyD;

vlom;\ zGHUNzdK;rItqifhtm;vHk;udk azmfjyxm;ayonf/ t½dkif;rsm;tm; ,Ofaus;aomt
qifhodkYa&mufatmif oifMum;ay;NyD; xdkrSwpfqihf jrifhrm;aom udk,fusihfw&m;t&nf
tcsif;rsm;udk ñTefMum;ayonf/ odkYjzpf&m usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefrSvGJí tjcm;rnfonfh
usrf;pmtkyfrQ rvdkawmhacs/
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\aus;Zl;
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefonf vlom;\ yifudk,fZmwdtajctaeESihf udk,fusihf

w&m;t&nftcsif;rsm;udk cGJjcm;ñTefjyxm;ay&m? þum; vlom;rsm;tay: usrf;jrwf
uk&ftmef\aus;Zl;yifwnf;/ xdkYjyif vlom;tm; yifudk,fobm0tajctaerS jrifhrm;
aom udk,fusihfw&m;t&nftcsif;rsm;qDokdY vrf;ñTefjcif;üom &yfaeonfr[kwfbJ
xdkrSwpfqihf vlom;tm; 0dnmOfa&;& jrihfrm;aomtqihfrsm;udk vrf;ñTefonfh t&Sif
jrwftm; odem;vnfjcif;wnf;[laom wHcg;rsm;udkyg zGihfay;avonf/ þenf;jzihf
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefonf txufwGifazmfjycJhNyD;jzpfaom vlom;\wdk;wufrI tajctae
oHk;&yfudk txl;aumif;rGefpGm ñTefjyxm;ayonf/
usrf;jrwfu&k t
f mefwiG f bmoma&;tqH;k trtwGuf vdt
k yfaom oGeo
f ifq;kH r
csuftm;vHk;yg0ifojzifh þwm0efudk tjynfhtpHk aus;yGefaMumif; tcdkiftrmqdkav
onf/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif vm&Sdonfum;/
]]þaeYwGif igt&Sifonf oifwkdY\ tusdK;tvdkYiSm oifwkdY\ bmomudk

NyD;jynfhpHkawmfrlNyD? xdkYjyif oifwkdYtay:ü ig\aumif;csD;r*Fvmawmfudk jynfhpHkapawmf
rlNyD? xdkYjyif tpövmrfudk oifwkdY\ bmomtjzpf owfrSwf&ef igauseyfawmfrlNyD}}
(5;4)/ qdkvdkonfrSm bmoma&;\ txGwftxdyfonf tpövmrfü a&muf&SdavNyD?
odkYjzpfí vlom;onf rdrdudk,frdrd bk&m;&SifxHawmfü vHk;0yHktyfí tjcm;enf;vrf;

rsm;jzifhr[kwfbJ bk&m;&Sif\trIawmfü rdrd\twåudk,fusdK;udk pGefYjcif;jzifh rdrdu,f
wifjcif;udk &Sm&ayrnf/ xdkYjyif þpdwf"mwfESihfqHk;jzwfcsufudk rdrd\tvkyfjzihf
oufaoxl&ayrnf/ þum; tm;vHk;aomaumif;jrwfjcif;rsm;onf NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;tjzpf
odkY a&mufaomtqihfaywnf;/
þodYk jzihf usr;f jrwfu&k t
f mefonf tawG;tac:'óeynm&Sirf sm; &SmazGrawGU
&Sdaom xm0&bk&m;&Sifudk twdtvif;azmfjyxm;ayonf/ xm0&bk&m;&Siftm; odem;
vnf&eftwGuf usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefonf enf;vrf;ESpfoG,fudk csrSwfay;xm;\/ yxr
enf;vrf;rSm xm0&bk&m;&Sifwnf&SdaMumif; qifjcifodEdkif&eftwGuf vlom;\qifjcif
wHw k &m;udk tm;jznft h vif;a&mifay;jcif;jzifh trSm;odYk rusa&muf&ef u,fwifavonf/
'kwd,enf;vrf;rSmum; oufqdkif&mu@wGif qufvufazmfjyvwåHaom? wwd,ar;
cGef;\tajzjzpfonfh 0dnmOfa&;&menf;vrf;yifjzpfownf;/
xm0&bk&m;&Siw
f nf&adS Mumif; cdik v
f akH omtaMumif;jycsuf
xm0&bk&m;&Sifwnf&SdaMumif; usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefvm? tvGefaumif;rGefí
NydKifbufuif;aom cdik v
f o
kH nft
h axmuftxm;rsm;udk qufvufwifjyygrnf? wpfae&m
wGif þodkYrdefYqdkxm;\/
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avQmfonfh pGrf;&nfrsm;udk ay;oem;awmfrlxm;\/ xkdYaemuf ,if;wkdYtm; oihfavQmf
onfh &nf&G,fcsufrsm;NyD;ajrmufatmif vrf;ñTefrIay;awmfrlaom t&Sifjzpfownf;}}
(20;51)/
þrku©ygXfawmf\ qdkvdk&if;udkESvHk;oGif;í? vlom;tjyif ukef;owå0g? a&
owå0gtm;vHk;ESifh 4if;wkdY\ yHkyef;o@mefwdkYudk qifjcifpOf;pm;Munfhygu? t&mcyf
odrf;wkdYtm; ,if;wdkYESifhoifhavQmfonfh yHkyef;o@mefudk ay;xm;awmfrlaom xm0&
bk&m;&Sif\ wefcdk;awmfteEÅudk tHhcsD;zG,f&mawGUMu&ayonf/ þtaMumif;&yfonf

us,fjyefYvS\/ av;av;eufeufqifjcifpOf;pm;oHk;oyf&ef pm½Ioltm; wdkufwGef;vdk
ygonf/
xm0&bk&m;&Sifwnf&SdaMumif; usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefu wifjyonfh 'kwd,t
axmuftxm;um; xm0&bk&m;&Sifonf taMumif;&if;tm;vHk;\ aemufqHk;taMumif;
&if;cH (Ultimate Cause) jzpfaMumif;yifjzpf\/ usrf;jrwfwGif þodkYvm&Sd\/
]]oifwkdYtm; zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrlaomt&Sifonf taMumif;&if;tm;vHk;\

aemufq;kH taMumif;&if;cHwnf;}} (53;43)/ uREfyk w
f Ykd taotcsmpl;pGr;f avhvmvQif? pMum
0VmwpfckvHk;onf taMumif;ESihftudsK;w&m;wnf;[laom pepfwpfcktwGif;ü &Sdaeay
onf/ þpepfonf todynmtm;vHk;\ t&if;tjrpfü&Sd\/ rnfonfhzefqif;jcif;
tpdwftydkif;rQ þpepf\tjyifbufwGif r&Sdacs/ tcsdKUrSm tjcm;t&mwdkY\ t&if;
tjrpfjzpfNyD;? tcsdKUrSm tudkif;tcufrsm;jzpf\/ taMumif;&if;wpfckonf rlvjzpfcsif
jzpfrnf? odkYr[kwf tjcm;taMumif;&if;wpfck\ tusdK;w&m;jzpfcsifjzpfayrnf/ wzef
aemufxyftaMumif;&if;wpfck\ tusdK;w&m;pojzihf jzpfcsifjzpfaeayrnf/ odkYaomf
tuefYtowftqHk;&Sdaom tqHk;tpr&Sd? tuefYtowfr&Sd? &Sd&rnfqdkonfrSm rjzpf
Edkifacs? aemufqHk; taMumif;&if;wpfckckwGif tqHk;owf&ayrnf/ xkdYaemufqHk; t
aMumif;&if;um; xm0&bk&m;&Sifyifjzpfownf;/ þrku©ygVfawmf
onf þtaMumif;jycsufudk wdkwdkESihfvdk&if;a&mufatmif azmfjyNyD; taMumif;ESifhtusdK;

w&m;pepfonf xm0&bk&m;&SifütqHk;owfaMumif; tcdkiftrmqdkavonf/
xm0&bk&m;&Sifwnf&SdaMumif; usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGifazmfjyonfh tjcm;t
axmuftxm;wpfckrSm þodkYvm&Sd\/
rku©ygVfawmf\t"dyÜg,frSm- ]] aeonf vudkrrSDEdkif? xdkYjyif v\xif&Sm;

&mjzpfaomnonf ae\xif&Sm;&mjzpfaomaeYudk rvTrf;rdk;Edkif? ,if;wdkYonf rdrdwkdY\
vnfywf&mvrf;aMumif;üom oGm;vmaeMuNyD; ,if;vrf;aMumif;\tjyifbufwGif
ra&GUvsm;EdkifMuacs}} (36;41)/ þtjcif;t&mwdkY\aemufuG,fü þpepfBuD;wpfckvHk;
udk pDrHxdef;csKyfolr&SdcJhvQif xdkpepfonf azmufvGJazmufjyef upOfhuvsm;jzpfcsdrfhrnf/
þtaxmuftxm;um; eu©wfaA’ynm&Sifrsm;wGufcsuf&mü tvGeftHhMozG,faumif;
aom taxmuftxm;jzpfavonf/ rsm;pGmaom BuD;rm;onfhaumif;uifwefqm?
eu©wfwm&mrsm;onf tmumoü a&GUvsm;oGm;vmvsuf&SdMu&m? ,if;wkdY\ a&GUvsm;
rIü tenf;i,frQwdrf;apmif;cRwfacsmfcJhvQif urÇmBuD;wpfckvHk; ysufpD;rnfhtjzpfodkY
a&muf&ayrnf/ þaumif;uifwefqmrsm;onf wpfckESifhwpfck wdkufrdjcif;r&Sd? rdrdwdkY
\ oGm;vmrItjrefEIef;vnf; rajymif;vJ? vrf;aMumif;vnf; tenf;i,frQ wdrf;apmif;
ajymif;vJjcif;r&Sd? þrQtcsdefumv Mumanmif;onfhwdkifatmif vSnfhywfoGm;aeaomf
vnf; ysufpD;,dk,Gif;jcif;r&Sd? rnfonfht&mrQ rcRwf,Gif;bJ &Sdaejcif;rSm xm0&bk
&m;&Sif\ tHhzG,f&mpGrf;tm;wefcdk; rnfrQxif&Sm;aeygoenf;/
,if;t&mtmvH;k wkYd onf tkyx f ed ;f ol? xde;f csKyfow
l pfO;D \ pDru
H u
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f rJ aI tmuf
ü r&SdcJhvQif þrQBuD;rm;aomtpkta0;BuD;onf þrQESpfy&dapä’ ra&rwGufEdkifatmif
Mumjrifhonftxd rdrdudk,frdrd razmufjyef qufvufwnf&SdEdkifygrnfavm/
þtcsufudk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ tjcm;wpfae&mwGif t&SifjrwfñTefjyawmf
rlonfrSm -
]]rdk;aumif;uifrsm;ESihf urÇmajrjyifudk pwifwnf&SdapawmfrlcJhaom xm0&

bk&m;&Sifwnf&SdaMumif;udk ,HkrSm;oHo,wpfpHkwpf&m&SdEdkif\avm}} (14;10)
(14;10)/
xm0&bk&m;&Sio
f nf rdrw
d nf&adS wmfral Mumif;udk tjcm;oufaoom"ujyawmf
rlxm;jyefonfrSm-
]]urÇmajray:wGif &Sd&SdorQaom t&mcyfodrf;wdkYonf vHk;0aysmufysuf&rnf

omwnf;/ toihftm; zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrlaomt&Sif? bkef;wefcdk;usufoa&? *kPf
tifj’yftaygif;ESihf jynfhpHkawmfrlaom t&Sif\rsufESmawmfomvQif usef&SdaeawmfrltHh}}
(55;27-28)
(55;27-28)/
qkdMuygpdkY? wpfckaomaygufuGJrIBuD;aMumifh urÇmajrBuD;onf ao;i,faom
trIefuav;rsm;jzpfoGm;NyD; aumif;uif&Sd ae? v? eu©wfwm&mrsm;ESihf tm;vHk;aom
t&mwkdYonf ysufpD;í? ,if;wdkY\ ta&;vu©Pmtm;vHk; aysmufvTihfoGm;onf[k
qkdMuygpdkY? odkYwdkifatmif þtm;vHk;aomysufpD;rI\ aemufü? rysufpD;Edkifaom? r
ajymif; rl&if;tajctaetwdkif; qufvufwnf&Sd&rnfhwpfckaom t&monf <uif;usef
wnf&Sdae&rnfqdkonfudk qifjcifwHkw&m;uvnf;aumif;? rSefuefaomtodÓPfu
vnf;aumif; twnfjyKvsuf&Sdayonf/ xdkt&monfum; xm0&bk&m;&Sifjzpfawmfrl
í xkdt&Sifonf t&mcyfodrf;ukefwkdYudk rwnfNrJaomt&mrsm;tjzpf zefqif;awmfrlNyD;
udk,fawmfwdkifrlum; xm0&wnfawmfrlaomt&Sifjzpfayownf;/
xm0&bk&m;&Sio f nf rdrwd nf&adS wmfral Mumif;udk usr;f jrwfu&k t
f mefwiG f tjcm;
taxmuftxm;wpfckjyxm;awmfrlayonf/ t&Sifjrwfonf 0dnmOfrsm;udk þodkYar;
jref;pHkprf;awmfrl\/
]]igonf oifwkdYtm; zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrlaomt&Sif r[kwfayavm? xdktcg 0dnmOf

rsm;u {ueftrSefjzpfyg\[k jyefajzMuavonf}} (7;173)
(7;173)/
þrku©ygXfawmfwGif xm0&bk&m;&Sifonf 0dnmOfrsm;tm; rdrdxnfhoGif;ay;
awmfrlxm;aom 0daoao? oabmudk tar;tajzyHkpHjzifh azmfjyxm;awmfrlayonf

xdkoabmum; tjcm;r[kwf? rnfonfh0dnmOfrQ rdrd\yifudk,fobm0ü zefqif;&Sif?
xm0&bk&m;&Sifwnf&SdaMumif;udk rjiif;qdkEdkifacs/
xm0&bk&m;&Sifwnf&SdaMumif;udk jiif;y,folwdkYonf xm0&bk&m;&Sifwnf&Sd
aMumif;udk rdrd\udk,fydkifpdwftxifjzifh wGufqí taxmuftxm;rawGU&SdEdkifojzifh
om xdkodkYjiif;y,fjcif;jzpf\/ odkY&mwGif tzefqif;cHt&mcyfodrf;twGuf zefqif;&Sif
&Sd&rnfqdkonfudkum; olwdkYtodtrSwfjyKMuavonf/ rdrda&m*gjzpfvQif xdkdokdYrusef;
rmjzpfrItwGuf taMumif;&if;wpfpHkwpf&mr&Sd[k pGJNrJpGmajymrnfh ½l;tol þavmuü
r&SdEdkifacs/ tusdK;w&m;&Sdygu ,if;ESihfoufqdkifonfh taMumif;&if;onf &Sd&rnf
r[kwfavm/
pMum0Vm\pepfBuD;onf taMumif;ESifhtusdK;wnf;[laom oabmw&m;jzifh
wnfaqmufxm;jcif;r[kwfvQif? avrkefwdkif;wkdufcwfrnfhtcsdefudkvnf;aumif;? ae?
vMuwfrnfhtcsdefwdkYudkvnf;aumif;? BudKwifwGufcsufcefYrSef;Edkifrnfr[kwfacs/ xkdY
twl a&m*gjzpfov l el monf rnfonfth csed wf iG af oqH;k rnf? a&m*gwpfco k nf rnfonfh
tajctaewGif tjcm;a&m*gwpfckxyfrH0ifvmrnfqdkonfwkdYudkvnf; cefYrSef;&efjzpf
Edkifrnfr[kwfacs/
odYk jzpf&m okawoDynm&Siw f pfO;D onf xm0&bk&m;&Siw f nf&adS Mumif;udk vuf
rcH[kqdktHh? xdkodkYqdkaomfvnf; trSefpifppfolonf xm0&bk&m;&Sifwnf&SdaMumif;
udk oG,f0dkufí vufcHvQuf&Sdayonf/ taMumif;rl xdkokawoDonf uREfkyfwkdYuJhodkY
yif tusdK;w&m;rsm;\ taMumif;&if;rsm;udk &SmazGaejcif;aMumifhyifjzpf\/ þodkYvuf
cHrIrSm jynfhpHkrIr&Sdaomfvnf; xm0&bk&m;&Sifwnf&SdaMumif;udk usdK;aMumif;w&m;t&
oG,f0dkufívufcHjcif;rsdK;yifwnf;/
xdYk jyif xm0&bk&m;&Siwf nf&jdS cif;udk vufrcHow l pfO;D tm;? þavmuDpw d u
f ;l
cHpm;csufESifh vIHYaqmfrItm;vHk;wdkYudkz,f&Sm;í xm0&bk&m;&Sif\ xdef;csKyfrIatmufü
vHk;0&Sdap&ef wpfenf;enf;jzifhowdarhoGm;atmif jyKvkyfEdkifvQif þodkYaomtajctae
ü xdkolonf xm0&bk&m;&Sifwnf&SdaMumif;udk jiif;y,frnfr[kwfbJ todtrSwfjyK
ayvdrfhrnf? þtcsufudkxif&Sm;aom yg&*lrsm;u axmufcHtwnfjyKMuNyD;jzpfay

onf/
txufwGifazmfjycJhaom usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ rku©ygVfawmfrSmvnf; xm0&
bk&m;&Sifwnf&Sdjcif;udk jiif;y,fjcif;onf þavmuD\,kwfedrfhaom avmb? wPSm?
qE´wdkY\ vTrf;rdk;jcif;cHae&orQtcdkufrSmomjzpfNyD; vlom;\ppfrSefaom yifudk,fZmwd
ürlum; xm0&bk&m;&Sifwnf&SdaMumif;udk tjynfht0? 0efcHaMumif;ñTef;qdkayonf/
t&Sifjrwf\*kPfawmfrsm;
xm0&bk&m;&Sifwnf&SdaMumif;udk taxmuftxm;tcsdKUjzihf txufwGif&Sif;
vif;wifjycJhNyD;jzpfygonf/ ,ckqufvufí usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif azmfjyxm;aom
t&Sifjrwf\ *kPfawmfrsm;udkazmfjyygrnf/ ,if;wdkYrSm-
qdkvdkonfrSm ]]t&Sifjrwfonf wpfyg;wnf;jzpfawmfrl\? t&SifjrwfüwGJbuf

olr&Sdacs/ xdkYjyif t&SifjrwfrSwpfyg; tjcm;rnfolrQudk;uG,fjcif;? emcHjcif; rcHxdkuf
acs}} (59;23)
(59;23)/
þodkY tcdkiftrmqkdjcif;um; þodkYwnf;? tu,fít&Sifjrwfonf wGJbuf
olr&SdbJr[kwfcJhvQif? wpfenf;qdkaomf t&Sifjrwfü wGJbufol&SdcJhvQif t&Sifjrwfonf
NydKifbuf\vTrf;rdk;jcif;udk cH&aumif;cH&ayrnf/ þodkYaomtajctaeü udk;uG,fjcif;
cHxdkufaombk&m;&Sif\ taetxm;rSm tNrJtEÅ&m,fruif;jzpfaeayvdrfhrnf/
t&SifjrwfrSwpfyg; tjcm;rnfolrQ c0yfudk;uG,fjcif; rcHxdkuf[k tcdkiftrm
ajymqdkjcif;\t dyÜg,fum;? t&Sifjrwfonf cRwf,Gif;rIvHk;0uif;í NyD;jynfhpHkNyD; t&Sif
\ *kPfawmftaygif;rSmvnf; tvGefrGefjrwfí txGuftjrwfqHk;jzpfay&m? uREfkyfwdkY
taejzifh pMu0VmBuD;xJrS NyD;jynfhpHkaom*kPfawmftaygif;ESihf jynfhpHkonfhbk&m;wpfql
udk a&G;&rnfqdkygu odkYwnf;r[kwf bk&m;&Sifü&Sdtyfaom taumif;qHk;ESifh tjrihf
jrwfqHk;*kPfawmfrsm;udk uREfkyfwdkY\pdwfwGif qifjcifpOf;pm;&rnfqdkygu xm0&bk
&m;&Sif t&Sifjrwfonf uREfkyfwdkYpdwful;onfht&mtm;vHk;xuf ydkíxGwfjrwfvdrfhrnf
jzpfNyD; t&SifjrwfxufomvGefEdkifol? ydkrdkjrihfjrwfolvHk;0r&SdEdkifacs/ xdkt&Sifonfum;
xm0&bk&m;&Sit f v’m[ft&Sijf rwfjzpfawmfrí l wpfpw kH pfc?k wpfpw kH pfa,mufukd xdt
k &Sif
jrwfESihfwGJbufudk;uG,facsu tBuD;rm;qHk;aom r[mtrSm;jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
t&Sifjrwfonf rjrif&aomt&mrsm;udk odawfmrlaomt&Sifjzpfawmfrl\/qdk
vdkonfrSm t&Sifjrwfwpfyg;wnf;omvQif rdrdudk,frdrd odawmfrl\/ t&Sifjrwfudk
rnfolrQem;rvnfEdkif? ae? vponfwdkYudk uREfkyfwdkYvHk;0OóHkem;vnfEdkif\? tv’m[f
t&SifjrwftaMumif;udkum; tukeftpifem;rvnfEdkifacs/
t&Sifjrwfonf jrif&aomt&mrsm;udk odawmfrlaom t&Sifjzpfawmfrl\/
qdkvdkonfrSm rnfonfht&mrQ t&SifjrwfxHawmfrS vQdKU0SufzHk;uG,fír&acs/ t&Sifjrwf
onfwpfpHkwpfckudk owdrrlrd[k txifrSwftyfacs/ pMu0VmBuD;&Sd tao;i,fqHk;t
&mrsm;rStp tm;vHk;aom t&mcyfodrf;ukefwkdYudk t&Sifjrwfjrwfawmfrl\/ odkYaomf
vlom;onf xdkuJhodkY jrifpGrf;Edkifjcif;r&Sdacs/ t&Sifjrwfonf þpepfBuD;udk rnfonfh
tcg tqHk;owfí w&m;pD&if&rnfudkodawmfrl\? þt&monf rnfonfhtcsdefwGif

jzpfrnfudk tjcm;rnfolrQrodacs/ xdktcsdefrsm;tm;vHk;udk t&Sifjrwfwpfyg;wnf;om
vQif odawmfrl\/
xdkYaemuft&Sifjrwfonf r[mu½kPmawmft&Sif[k trdefYawmf&Sd\/ qdkvdk
onfum; a0ae,sowå0gtm;vHk; jzpfwnfrvmrDtvsifu? xdkYjyif ,if;wdkY\vkyf
tm;? vkyfaqmifBudK;yrf;rIwpfpHkwpf&m r&SdrDtvsifuwnf;u t&Sifjrwfonf tjcm;
&nf&G,fcsufwpfpHkwpf&mtwGufr[kwf? xdkYjyif vlom;\vkyfaqmifcsuftwGuf qk
vmbftjzpfvnf;r[kwfbJ? rdrd\ppfrSefaom r[mu½kPmawmfjzihftm;vHk;twGufvdk
tyfaomt&mrsm;udk jyKvkyfay;awmfrl\/ Oyrmtm;jzihf urÇmay:wGif vlom;[lí
r&SdrDtvsifuyif? uREfkyfwdkYvlom;wdkY\ rnfonhfvkyfaqmifcsufrSr&SdrDuyif uREfkyf
wdkY\tusdK;tvdkYiSm? ae? urÇmajrBuD;ESihf tjcm;t&mtm;vHk;udk jzpf&SdapawmfrlcJh\/
t&Sifjrwf\ þay;urf;jcif;&ufa&mjcif;*kPfawmfudk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif
]]&m[frefrD,wf}}[kazmfjyxm;NyD; þtaMumif;aMumifh BuD;us,fjrihfjrwfawmfrlaom
t&Sifjrwftm; ]]&m[fref}}[kac:avonf/ xkdYjyif t&Sifjrwfonf vlom;\ rSefaom
tvkyftwGuf qkvmbfrsm;pGmay;oem;awmfrlí rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ BudK;yrf;
rIudkrS tcsnf;EDS;jzpfapawmfrrlacs/ þ*kPfawmfaMumifh t&Sifjrwftm; ]]&[Drf}}[kac:
í *kPfawmfudk ]]&[DrfrD,wf}}[kac:avonf/
t&Sifjrwfonf aemufqHk;w&m;pD&ifrnfh aeYawmfBuD;\ t&Sifocifjzpfawmf

rlayonf (1;4)(1;4)/ qdkvdkonfrSm t&Sifjrwfonf wpfOD;pDt; qkay;jcif;? jypf'Pfay;
jcif;wnf;[laom pD&ifrItmPmudk rdrd\vufawmfwGifom xm;&Sdawmfrl\/ tjcm;
rnfolYudkrQ vTJtyfawmfrrlacs/ t&Sifjrwfonf rdk;aumif;uifrsm;ESihfurÇmajrjyifudk
tkyfpdk;jcif;tvkyfudk rnfolYudkrQ vTJtyfcefYxm;awmfrrlacs/ ,if;tvkyfudk vHk;0jzwf
awmufum vHk;0oufqdkifrIr&Sdawmh[lí Oayu©mjyKNyD; pD&ifqHk;jzwfrItmPmudk rnfol
wpfOD;wpfa,mufudkrQ rnfonhftcsdefwGifrQ vTJtyfawmfrrlacs/

xkdYaemuftrdefY&SdonfrSm-
t&SifjrwfonfcRwf,Gif;jcif;uif;awmfrlaom tcsKyftjcmtmPmydkifbk&ifjzpf
awmfrl\ (59;24)
(59;24)/ vlom;&Sifbk&if (odkYr[kwf)? tcsKyftjcmtmPmydkifaom vlom;
wdkYonf cRwf,Gif;jcif;uif;rJhjcif;r&SdEdkif/
t&Sifjrwf\ tcsKyftjcmtmPmydkiforIum; xdkodkYr[kwfygacs? cRwf,Gif;
jcif; vHk;0r&Sdygacs/ t&Sifjrwfonf t&mcyfodrf;udk w’*FtcsdeftwGif; zsufqD;Edkif
í? aemufwdkif;EdkifiHwpfckudk zefqif;Edkifawmfrl\/ t&Sifjrwfonf wefcdk;pGrf;tm;?
tm;vHk;udkydkifqdkifaom t&Sifr[kwfcJhygvQif? ol\EdkifiHawmfrSm w&m;rQwrIrJhjcif;
r&Sdaom tajctaeü&SdEdkifrnfr[kwf? yrmqdkaom urÇmavmu&Sdvlrsm;udk tjypfrsm;
rS wpfBudrfcGihfvTwfí? u,fwifjcif;tjzpfudkay;tyfygu? t&SifjrwftzdkY tjcm;avmu
wpfckudk rnfokdYvdktyfawmhrnfenf;? rdrdu,fwifjcif;udkay;NyD; olrsm;tm; jyefvnf
tjypfay;&ef BuH&G,frnfavm? þodkYjzihfolwdkYtm; urÇmavmuodkYjyefydkYum? ay;NyD;
jzpfaomtjypfrS cGihfvTwfjcif;? u,fwifjcif;udk rw&m;jyefvnf½kyfodrf;rnfavm?
xdkodkYjzpfacsu ol\xm0&bk&m;jzpfjcif;ü cRwf,Gif;rI&SdNyD; rjynhfpHkaom avmurif;pdk;
rsm;ESihf wlnDayvdrfhrnf/ avmutkyfcsKyfolrsm;rSm ,if;wkdY\jynfolrsm;twGuf Oya’
opfwpfcNk yD;wpfck xkwjf yefavonf/ xdYk jyif rdrwd Ykd \tvdu
k stwGujf zpfatmif rw&m;
rIrygbJaqmif&Gufír&yguvnf; vHk;0pdwfxdcdkuf0rf;enf;rIr&SdbJ jyKvkyfatmif&Guf
Muavonf/ Oyrmtm;jzihf c&D;onfrsm;yg&Sdaom armfawmfwpfpif;onf xdkxufBuD;
rm;aom oabFmwpfpif;ESihfwdkufrnfh vu©Pm&Sdonfhtcg oabFm\tEÅ&m,fuif;
rItwGuf 4if;xufao;i,faom armfawmfum;ESpfjrKyfzsufqD;ypfvQif w&m;onf[k
avmuDtpdk;&rsm;,lqMu\/ okdYaomfxm0&bk&m;&Sifum; xdkuJhodkYrvTJruif;om vkyf
&aomMuyfwnf;onfhtajctaeodkY ra&mufEdkifacs/ tu,fíxm0&bk&m;&Sifonf
cyfodrf;ukefaomt&mtm;vHk;udk jyKEdkifpGrf;r&SdcJhygvQif? xdkYjyif r&Sdao;aomt&mudk
&Sdvmatmif zefqif;EdkifpGrf;r&SdcJhygvQif tm;enf;csuf&Sdaom avmuDrif;pdk;rsm;uJhokdY

rw&m;rIudkjyK&ayvdrfhrnf/ odkYwnf;r[kwf w&m;rQwrIudkusihfoHk;NyD; xm0&bk&m;
&Siftjzpfudk pGefY&ayvdrfhrnf/ pifppfaomfum; xm0&bk&m;&Sifonf xdkuJhodkYaom
cRwf,Gif;jcif;wdkYrSuif;NyD; t&Sif\ oabFmonfum; w&m;rQwrIudktajcjyKí ork'´
&may:0,f pGrf;aqmifEdkifrIpGrf;tm; tjynfhjzifhqufvufckwfarmif;vQuf&Sdavonf/
xkdYjyiftjcm;*kPfawmfwpfckum; t&SifjrwfonfNidrf;csrf;jcif;\ t&if;wnf&m
jzpfawmfrl\? qdkvdkonfrSm t&Sifjrwfonf tjypfcRwf,Gif;jcif;tm;vHk;? 'ku´qif;&J
jcif;ESifh yifyef;cufcjJ cif;[lorQuif;í tm;vH;k twGuv f NkH cHKjcif;udk t&Sijf rwfuay;awmf
rl\/ tu,fít&Sifjrwfonf 'ku©qif;&Jjcif;tcuftcJESihfawGUrnfqdkvQif odkYwnf;
r[kwf vltrsm;\owfjzwfjcif;udk cH&rnfqdkvQif odkYwnf;r[kwf rdrd\tBuHtpnf
rsm;udk jzpfajrmufatmifrjyKpGrf;EdkifvQif? xdkt&Sifjrwfonf rdrdwdkYtm; 'ku©qif;&Jjcif;
trsdK;rsdK;rS u,fwifjcif;jyKvdrfhrnf[k vlwdkY\pdwfESvHk;ü todkYvQif,HkMunfpdwfcsEdkif
ygrnfenf;/
xm0&bk&m;&Sift&Sifjrwfonf rrSefaombk&m;rsm;\ tajctaeudkatmufyg
twdkif; azmfjyawmfrlxm;ayonf/
]]tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftjyif? toifwkdYu (bk&m;rSwfí)? ac:a0:wojcif;jyK

MuaomolwdkYonf ,ifaumifwpfaumifrQyif jzpfatmifrjyKvkyfEdkifMuay/ olwkdYtm;
vHk;pkaygif;BudK;pm;onfhwdkif jyKvkyfEdkifMurnfr[kwfay/ ,ifwpfaumifonf olwdkYxH
rS wpfpHkwpf&mudk ,líajy;acsu? ,if;t&mudkjyef&atmif wwfEdkifMurnfr[kwfacs/
,if;wkdYudk udk;uG,folrsm;rSm ÓPfenf;Muolrsm;jzpf\/ udk;uG,fjcif;cH&olrsm;vnf;
wefcdk;owådr&SdMuacs/ þodkYaomt&mrsm;onf bk&m;jzpfEdkifMurnfavm? xm0&bk&m;
&Sifonfum; wpfyg;wnf;omwnf;? xdkt&Sifonf wefcdk;&Sdol[lorQxuf ydkrdkwefcdk;

BuD;awmfrl\/ cyfodrf;aomt&mwdkYudk Edkifeif;vTrf;rdk;awmfrlaom teEÅwefcdk;awmf&Sif
jzpfawmfrl\/ t&Sifhtm; rnfolrQzrf;qD;jcif;? owfjzwfjcif;rjyKEdkif? rrSefaombk&m;
rsm;udk udk;uG,faom rSm;,Gif;olwdkYonf t&Sif\*kPfawmfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í xdkuf
wefrSefuefpGmaom rSef;qcsufudkrjyKvkyfEdkifMuacs}} (22;74?75)
(22;74?75)/
xkdYtjyif t&Sifjrwfonf vHkNcHKrIudkay;oem;awmfrlaom t&SifjzpfawmfrlNyD;
rdrd\*kPfawmfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;ívnf;aumif; rdrd\wpfyg;wnf;wnf&SdaMumif;udkvnf;
aumif;? cdik v
f akH omtaxmuftxm;rsm;udk ay;awmfral vonf/ þ*kPaf wmft& bk&m;
tppftrSefjzpfaom xm0&bk&m;&Sifudk ouf0if,HkMunfolonf rnfonfhtajctae
rnfonfhae&mürqdk pdk;&drfaMumifhMujcif;r&Sd vHkNcHKrI&SdNyD;vQif bk&m;&Sif\a&SUawmf
arSmuf0,fvnf; BuD;pGmaom0rf;enf;rIaemifw w&m;&&ef taMumif;r&Sad cs/ taMumif;
rlum; olYxHü tvGefcdkifvHkaom taxmuftxm;rsm;&SdaomaMumifhwnf;/
okdYaomf tppftrSefr[kwfaombk&m;udk udk;uG,foltzdkYum; tNrJtcuftcJ
pdwfysufp&mESihf BuHKawGU&aomfvnf; olYücdkifvHkaomtaxmuftxm;r&Sdojzifh jyuf
&,fjyKjcif;rcH&&efESifh ol\odomxif&Sm;aom trSm;rsm;udk zHk;uG,f&eftwGuf usdK;
aMumif;,kwådESihfqefYusifNyD; t"dyÜg,frJhaomt&mrSeforQwdkYudk odcufeufeJaomt&m
rsm;[k azmfjywwfavonf/
]]t&Sifjrwfonf t&mcyfodrf;wdkYudk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufawmfrlaomt&Sif?

t&m&mudk edref if;vTr;f rd;k awmfral omt&Si?f ysufp;D ,d,
k iG ;f rIreS o
f rQudk jyKjyifawmfral om?
qHk;½HI;jcif;[lorQudk jyefay;awmfrlaomt&Sif? twdkif;xuftvGef BuD;uJjrihfjrwfawmf
rlaom t&Sifjzpfawmfrl\}} (59;24)
(59;24)/ qdkvdkonfrSm t&Sifjrwfonf t&mcyfodrf;ukef
wdkYudk umuG,fapmifha&Smufawmfrlí t&m&m[lorQtay:wGif wefcdk;tmPmvTrf;rkd;
NyD;vQif rSm;,Gif;aomt&mrsm;udk rSefuefaponfhtjyif udk,fawmfwdkifrSm yifudk,fZm
wdtm;jzihf vHk;0jynfhpHkvHkavmufawmfrlaom t&Sifjzpfawmfrl\/
]]xdkt&Sifum; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfyifwnf;? zefqif;awmfrlaomt&Sif? jyKvkyf

awmfrlaomt&Sif? yHko@mefay;awmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrl\/ t&Sifjrwf\*kPfawmf
taygif;onf vGefpGmaumif;rGefwifhw,f\/ rdk;aumif;uifrsm;ESihf yx0Dajr0,f&Sd&SdorQ
wdkYonf t&Sifjrwftm;csD;usL;axmyemjyKMuukef\/ t&Sifjrwfonf t&m&mudkESdrf
eif;vTrf;rdk;awmfrlaom t&Sif? ÓPfynmqifjcifwHkw&m;ESihf vGefpGmjynfhpHkawmfrlaom
t&Sifjzpfawmfrl\}} (59;25)
(59;25)/
qdkvdkonfrSm t&Sifjrwfonf ½kyfcE¨mudk,fESihf touf0dnmOfwdkYudk zefqif;
awmfral om t&Sijf zpfawmfr\ l / t&Sijf rwfonf rdcif0rf;wGi;f &Sd uav;i,f\ yHo
k P²mef
udk ay;awmfrl\/ vlowå0grsm;BuHpnfEdkiforQaom *kPfawmf[lorQudk ydkifqdkifawmf
rlaom t&Sifjzpfawmfrl\/
rdk;aumif;uifwGifaeolrsm;ESifh yxr0Dajray:wGifaeoltm;vHk;wkdYonf t&Sif
jrwfudk csD;usL;axmyemjyKMuukef\/ þrku©ygVfawmfonf aumif;uifeu©wfwm&m
wdkYwGif aexdkifolrsm;&SdaMumif;ESihf olwdkYonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ vrf;ñTef;awmfudk
vdkufemMuaMumif; ñTef;qdkvQuf&Sdayonf/
(2;21)
]]t&Sifjrwfonf tvdkawmf&Sdonfht&mrSeforQudk jyKpGrf;Edkifawmfrl\}}(2;21)
(2;21)/
þ*kPfawmfum; rdrdtm;c0yfudk;uG,folwdkYudk BuD;pGmaompdwfcs&rIudkay;aom *kPf
awmfyifjzpf\/ taMumif;[lrl tm;enf;í wefcdk;pGrf;tm;r&Sdaom bk&m;xHrS tb,f
t&mudk arQmfvihfEdkifygrnfenf;/ xdkYaemuf azmfjyxm;awmfrlonfrSm-
]]t&Sijf rwfonf urÇmtaygif;tm; zefqif;arG;jrLawmfral omt&Si?f tvGewf &m

u½kPm&Sdawmfrlaomt&Sif? tzefwvJvJaumif;csD;r*Fvm ay;awmfrlaomt&Sif w&m;
pD&ifrnfhaeYawmfBuD;udk pdk;ydkifawmfrlaomt&Sifjzpfawmfrl\}} (1;2-4)
(1;2-4)/ qdkvdkonfrSm
t&Sifjrwfonf t&Sifjrwfonf pMu0VmwpfckvHk;udk taxmuftyHhay;awmfrlí t&Sif
jrwfudk,fawmfwdkifyifvQif w&m;pD&ifrnfhaeYawmfBuD;udk pdk;ydkifawmfrlaom t&Sifjzpf
awmfrlNyD; xdkw&m;pD&ifrnfh tmPmudk tjcm;rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufudkrQ vTJay;
awmfrrlacs/
xdkYaemuf þodkYtrdefY&Sdawmfrl\ ]]ightm;ac:aomol\ ac:jcif;udk igwHkYjyef
awmfrl\}} (2;187)
(2;187)/
]]t&Sifjrwfonf tNrJ&Sifaeawmfrlaomt&Sif? udk,fawmfwdkifxm0&wnfawmf

rlaomt&Sif? Zmwdyuwdtm;jzifh uHkvHkjynfhpHkawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrl\}} (2;256) (2;256)/
touf[lorQwkdY\ t&if;cH? t&mcyfodrf;wdkYtm; axmufyHhapmifha&Smufawmfrlaom
t&Sifjzpfawmfrl\/ t&Sifjrwfonf tNrJtouf&Sifaeawmfrlaom t&Sifjzpfawmfrl\/
tu,fít&Sifonf xm0&touf&SifvQuf&Sdawmfrlaom t&Sifr[kwfcJhygvQif? t&Sifh
tm;ukd;uG,folwdkYu rdrdwkdYxuftvsif t&SifaoqHk;oGm;rnfudk pdk;&drfaMumihfMuay
vdrfhrnf/ xdkYjyif rdefYqdkxm;awmfrlonfrSm ]]ajymMum;aMunmavmh? t&Sifonftv’m[f
t&Sifjrwfjzpfawmfrl\ wpfyg;wnf;jzpfawmfrl\/ om;orD;arG;zGm;jcif;r&Sd? t&Sifhudk
vnf; rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufurQ arG;zGm;cJhonfr[kwf? xdkYjyif t&SifESihfwef;wl
nDwlodkYr[kwf t&SifESifhwlnDaom t&SifhuJhodkYaomol vHk;0r&Sdacs}} (112;2-5)(112;2-5)/
xm0&bk&m;&Sifwpfyg;wnf;wnf&SdaMumif;udk pdk;pOfrQvGJacsmfjcif;r&Sd? rSefuef
pGm ,HkMunfpGm ,HkMunf&efrSm vlom;u rdrdtm;zefqif;&Siftay: xm;tyfonhf
w&m;rQwaom0wå&m;yifjzpf\/ tpövmrf\ udk,fusifhw&m;ESifhywfoufaom oGef
oifcsufrsm;udk usrf;jrwfu&k t f mefraS zmfjyNyD; jzpfayonf/ xdo
k eG o
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pnf;rsOf;rlum; vGefuJjcif;ESihf avsmhenf;jcif; (wpfenf;qdkaomf ydkjcif;ESihfvdkjcif;)r&Sd
tpGef;ESpfzufudk a&Smif&efjzpf\/ udk,fusihfw&m;wpf&yf\ 0daoovu©PmrSmum;

avsmufywfaomtwdkif;twmxuf vGefuJjcif;odkYr[kwf csdKUwJhjcif;r&Sdjcif;yifjzpf\/
ppfrSefaomaumif;rIrSmum; xdktpGef;ESpfck\Mum;wGif&SdaMumif; odomxif&Sm;ayonf/
tpGef;ESpfzufudka&Smifí tv,ftvwfvrf;udkvdkufvdkaom tusihfonfom
vQif jrifhrm;aom ukd,fusihfw&m;tqihfudk jr§ifhwifay;avonf/ avsmufywfaom
ae&m? avsmufywfaomtcsdeftcgudk od&Sdjcif;onfyifvQif tv,ftvwfvrf;pOfjzpf
avonf/ Oyrmtm;jzihf v,form;wpfOD;onf ysdK;BuJjcif;udkjyKoifhaomtcsdefxuf
apmíjzpfap? tvGefaemufusíjzpfap? jyKvkyfygu tv,ftvwfvrf;pOfu z,fcGm
jcif;jzpf\/ tusifhoDvjzLpifjcif;? trSefw&m;ESifhÓPfynm qifjcifwHkw&m;wkdYonf
tv,ftvwfvrf;pOfjzpfí tv,ftvwfvrf;pOfonf oihw f ihaf vsmufywfavonf/
wpfenf;qdkaomftrSefw&m;onf wpfckESifhwpfck qefYusifaeaomtrSm;ESpfck\tv,f
wGif tNrJ&adS vonf/ oifw h ifah vsmufywfaomtcsdetf cgudk owdjyKjcif;onf vlwpfO;D
tm; tv,ftvwfvrf;ü&Sdapavonf/
xm0&bk&m;ocifEiS phf yfvsO;f í tv,ftvwfvrf;pOfü&Sjd cif;qdo k nfum; t&Sif
jrwf\*kPfawmfrsm;udk &Sif;jy&mü xdk*kPfawmfrsm;udk jiif;y,fjcif;aomfvnf;aumif;?
xm0&bk&m;&Siftm; ½kyf0w¦Krsm;ESihfwlnDaMumif; azmfjyjcif;aomfvnf;aumif; rjyKoihf
acs/ þum; bk&m;ocif\*kPfawmfrsm;ESihfwlnDaMumif; azmfjyjcif;aomfvnf;aumif;
rjyKoihfacs/ þum; bk&m;ocif\*kPfawmfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefu
csrSwx f m;aomvrf;pOfjzpf\/ bk&m;ocifonf jrifawmfral Mumif;? Mum;awmfral Mumif;?
odawmfrlaMumif;? pum;ajymawmfrlaMumif;udk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefonf tcdkiftrm&Sd\/
xkdYjyif þodkYqdkjcif;aMumifh t&Sifjrwftm;? t&Sifjrwfzefqif;xm;awmfrlaom t&mrsm;
ESifhwlonf[k trSwfrrSm;ap&ef usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefonf þodkYtcdkiftrmqdkxm;jyef
avonf/
]]t&SifjrwfESihfwlaomt&mr&Sdacs}} (42;12)
(42;12)/ ]]xdkYjyif t&Sifjrwfudk rnfonfh
t&mESihfrQ tcdkif;EdIif;Muukefvihf}} (16;75)
(16;75)/
qdkvdkonfrSm t&SifjrwfüwGJzufolr&Sdonfhjyif t&Sifjrwf\*kPfawmfrsm;udk
vnf; wGJzufydkifqdkifolr&Sdacs/ xkdYjyift&Sifjrwfonf rdrdzefqif;xm;awmfrlaom
owå0grsm;ESifhrwlacs/ xm0&bk&m;&Siftm; pdwfxJüpdwful;&mwGif wpfpHkwpf&mESifh
qifwljcif;? EdIif;,SOf&mrJhíodcufeufeJjcif;? þtjcif;t&mESpfckMum;&Sd t&SiftjzpfpGJ
rSwf,ljcif;onf avsmfuefaomtv,ftvwfvrf;pOfyifjzpf\/
twdkcsKyfqdk&aomf tpövmrf\oifMum;csuftm;vHk;wkdYonf tv,ftvwf
vrf;pOfudkvdkufem\/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ tzGihfu@jzpfaom pl&[fzmaw[mwGif
vnf; tv,ftvwfvrf;pOfudk vdkufem&efvrf;ñTefynwfxm;awmfrlayonf/ t&Sif
jrwfaumif;csD;ay;awmfrlaomolwdkY\ vrf;pOfudkñTefjyawmfrl&efESihf t&Sifjrwf\trsuf
awmf&Sjcif;cH&aomolwdkY\ vrf;udkvnf;aumif;? vrf;vGJodkYa&mufoGm;olwdkY\vrf;udk
vnf;aumif;? jyawmfrrl&eftwGuf qkawmif;ywåemjyK&ef xkdu@wGif oifjyxm;
awmfrlayonf (1;7) (1;7)/
t&Sifjrwf\ trsufawmf&Sjcif;cH&aom olwdkYqdkonfum;? tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf
ESihf,SOfNydKifum ykefuefx<uonfhpGrf;tm;udktoHk;csí edrfhusaompdwfwPSmwkdY\ tvdk
udkvdkufum ½dkif;½dkif;ysysjyKrlMuolrsm;jzpf\/ tv,ftvwfvrf;pOfrSmum; t&Sifjrwf
uaumif;csD;r*Fvmay;awmfrlaom olrsm;\vrf;[k azmfjyxm;aomvrf;pOfyifjzpf\/
tcsKyftm;jzihf aumif;csDr*Fvmawmfay;jcif;cH&onfh þolrsm;tm; tv,f
tvwfvrf;pOfudk pGJNrJMuolrsm;[k usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefu azmfjyayonf/ awmif&mwf
usrf;wGif t&Sifjrwfonf vufpm;acsjcif;udk txl;jyKawmfrlxm;NyD; tif*sDvfusrf;wGif
rl oD;cHjcif;ESihfcGihfvTwfjcif;udk tav;teufxm;azmfjyxm;awmfrlavonf/ rGwfpvif
rsm;onfum; avsmfuefoihfjrwfjcif;udk vdkufem&efESihf tv,ftvwfvrf;pOfudk vuf
udkifjyK&ef ñTefMum;awmfrljcif;cH&avonf/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif vm&SdcsufrSm-
]]xdkYaMumifh igt&Sifjrwfonf oifwkdYtm; tv,ftvwfvlrsm;tjzpf jyKvkyf

xm;awmfrl\}} (2;144)/ qdkvdkonfrSm rGwfpvifwkdYtm; tv,ftvwfvrf;pOft
wdkif; pGJNrJjyKusihfMu&ef ñTefMum;awmfrljcif;jzpfavonf/ okdYjzpf&m tv,ftvwfvrf;
twdkif; avQmufaomolwkdYum; aumif;csD;r*Fvmawmfay;jcif;cH&aomolrsm;yifjzpfav
onf/
]]tv,ftvwfvrf;pOfonf taumif;qHk;jzpfownf;}}
0dnmOfa&;&mtajctaersm;
wwd,taejzifh 0dnmOfa&;&mESihfpyfvsOf;í wifjyygrnf/ 0dnmOfa&;&mtajc

taersm;onf tb,frsm;enf;/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmeft& 0dnmOfa&;&mtajctaersm;\
t&if;tjrpfonf wnfNidrfjcif;ü&Sdaom 0dnmOfpdwfjzpfaMumif;udk txufwGifazmfjycJh
NyD;jzpfonf/ xkdpdwfonf vlom;tm; udk,fusihfw&m;&SdaomoltqifhrS bk&m;w&m;
udkif;½dIif;MunfndKoltqihfodkY o,fydkYay;avonf/ þonfESihfpyfvsOf;í tv’m[f
t&Sifjrwfonf þodkYrdefYawmfrl\/
]]bk&m;&SiftxHawmfü at;Nidrf;jcif;udkawGUaom wnfNidrfjcif;ü&Sdonfh tdk-

0dnmOfpw
d ?f toifonf t&SiEf iS afh umif;pGmauseyfí? t&Sio
f nfvnf; toifEiS ahf umif;
pGmauseyfawmfrlojzifh? oif\t&SifxHawmfodkY jyefygavmh? igt&Sifa&G;cs,fxm;awmf
rlaom tapcHrsm;ESifh aygif;ygavmh? xkdYtjyif ig\O,smOfawmfokdY 0ifa&mufygavmh}}
(89;28-31)
(89;28-31)/
owdcsyfoifhonfhtcsufrSm þb0wGif vlwpfOD;\ tjrihfqHk;0dnmOfa&;&m

tajctaeum;? olonf bk&m;&SifxHawmfü auseyfESpfodrfhrIudk awGU&Sd&oljzpfNyD;
ol\auseyfrI? yDwdaomreójzpfrIESifh 0rf;ajrmufrItm;vHk;wdkYonf bk&m;&SifxHawmf
üomvQif A[dkjyKae&ayrnf/ þtajctaeü wpfOD;wpfa,mufonf ol\vHk;0½kd;
om;rI? jzLpifrIESifh opöm&SdrIwkdYtwGuf þavmuDüyif olonf okcbHkb0udk ay;
tyfjcif;cH&avonf/ tjcm;olrsm;onfum; *sEéwfwnf;[laom okcbHkudk aemifw
rvGefwGif arQmfudk;aeMu\/ odkYaomf olonfum; 4if;okcbHkudk þavmuDüyif
0ifa&muf&avonf/ þtqihfodkYa&mufaomtcg olYtwGuf jy|mef;xm;aom &Sdcdk;
0wfjyKrIonf trSefrSmol\0dnmOfudk tm;jznfhay;aom tm[m&jzpfaMumif;ESifh ,if;
tay:wGif ol\0dnmOfa&;&mb0onf rsm;pGmrSDcdkrIjyKae&aMumif;tjyif ,if;\jynfh
pHkrIudkvnf; aemifwrvGefodkYwdkif a&TUqdkif;jcif;r&SdaMumif;udk oabmaygufem;vnf
vmavonf/ ol\roefYpifaomb0tay: rdrdudk,frdrd jypfwifa0zefaompdwfonf
tkyfcsKyfpDrHaeaomfvnf; aumif;jrwfjcif;udkwrf;w&eftwGuf tjynfht0ay;&efvnf;
aumif;? ysufuGufcJhav&m xdkcRwf,Gif;csufrsm;tm; jypfwifa0zefrItm;vHk;wdkYonf
wnfNidrfjcif;ü&Sdaom zGHUNzdK;rItpydkif;tcsdefü wdkufwGef;rIaMumifh ajymif;vJvmavonf/
þtqihfodkYa&mufaomtcg olonf vHk;0atmifjrifjcif;udk &&SdEdkifpGrf;&Sdvm
avonf/ rdrd\qE´&rufrsm;tm;vHk;wkdYonf arS;rSdefvmNyD;vQif ol\0dnmOftay:ü
tm;jznfah y;aomavn§i;f onf wokeo f ek w
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xdktcsdefwGif obm0ESifhtavhtxrsm;onf vHk;0ajymif;vJrIudkcHpm;&NyD;vQif xdkol
onf tnpftaMu;[lorQrS rsm;pGmuGma0;atmif qkwfcGmjcif;udkcH&avonf/ olonf
tnpftaMu;[lorQrS aq;aMumoefYpifjcif;udk cH&um xm0&bk&m;&Sifonf ol\
ESvHk;om;ü aumif;jrwfjcif;tm;cspfaompdwfudk cwfESdyfay;NyD;vQif ol\pdwfESvHk;rS
raumif;rI\ roefYpifjcif;udk rdrd\udk,fwdkifvufawmfjzihf xkwfypfoefYZifay;awmf
rlavonf/ trSefw&m;\wyftm;vHk;onf olYESvHk;om;\cHwyfodkY 0ifa&mufMuNyD;
ajzmihfrSefjcif;onf olYobm0\cHwyfwHwdkif;tm;vHk;udk odrf;ydkufae&m,lMuavonf/
trSefw&m;rSm atmifyGJcHNyD; rrSefruefrIrSm vufeufcsxGufajy;&avonf/ t&Sifjrwf

\vufawmfonf ol\ESv;kH om;ay:wGix f m;&SNd yD; ol\ajcvSr;f wdik ;f onf t&Sijf rwf\
t&dyfatmufü vSrf;csDavonf/ BuD;us,fxGwfjrwfawmfrlaom t&Sifjrwfonf þ
t&mtm;vHk;udk atmufygrku©ygXfawmfrsm;ü ñTef;qdkawmfrlxm;ayonf/
]]tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rdrd\ udk,fwdkifvufawmfjzifh olwdkY\ pdwfESvHk;

rsm;wGif ouf0if,HkMunfrIudk a&;rSwfawmfrlavNyD? xdkYjyif t&Sifjrwfonf 4if;wdkYtm;
oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfjzihf tm;jznfhay;awmfrlav\/}} (58;23)
]]tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdkYtm; oif0if,HkMunfrIudk ESpfoufjrwfEdk;
apawmfrlcJh\/ xdkYjyif ,HkMunfrIudk toifwkdY\pdwfESvHk;rsm;wGif vSywifhw,fap
awmfrlcJh\/ xkdYjyif t&Sifjrwfonf toifwkdYtm; r,HkMunfaoGznfrIudkvnf;aumif;?
jypfrIusL;vGefjcif;udkvnf;aumif;? trdefYremcHrIudkvnf;aumif; vdkvm;rIr&Sdatmif
jyKvkyfawmfrlcJh\/ xdkYjyif toifwkdY\ pdwfESvHk;rsm;wGif raumif;aomvrf;rsm;\
qdk;,kwfrIudk pGJrSwfapawmfrlcJh\/ þt&mtm;vHk;wdkYonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ u½k
Pmawmf? aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh jzpfay;vmjcif;jzpf\/ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf t&m
cyfodrf;wkdYudk t<uif;rJh odjrifawmfrlaomt&Sif? ÓmPfynmqifjcifwHkw&m;ESifh vGef
pGmjynfhpHkawmfrlaom t&Sifjzpfawmfrl\/}} (49;8-9)
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rrSefuefrIonf uG,faysmfqdwfokOf;&rnfomwnf;/}} (17;82)
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&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;ESihf ajzmifhrwfrSefuefjcif;udk &&SdEdkifrnfr[kwfacs/
rdrdudk,frdrdjypfwifa0zefaom pdwftqihfü tMuifolwpfOD;\ tajctaerSm
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trIawmfü epfrGef;jcif;jzifh xm0&bk&m;&Sifudk xkdbk&m;&Siftm;jzihfomvQif &SmazGoifh
Muayownf;/
tvGeaf umif;jrwfaom qkawmif;ywåem
qkawmif;ywåemjyKjcif;\ tcsdef? tcsdeftcgESifhpyfvsOf;í uREfkyfwdkYtm;

ñTefjyNyD; 0dnmOfa&;&mpdwftm;xufoefrI\ o½kyfrSefudk uREfkyfwkdY\a&SUwGif &Sif;vif;
pGmazmfjyxm;aom taumif;jrwfqHk;jzpfonfh qkawmif;ywåemum;? r[mu½kPmawmf
&Sif? xm0&bk&m;&Sifu usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ tzGifhu@wGif uREfkyfwdkYtm; oifjy

awmfrlxm;aom qkawmif;ywåemyifjzpf\/ 4if;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpf\/
]]csD;rGrf;cHxdkufjcif;rSeforQ tm;vHk;wkdYudk tv’m[fwpfyg;wnf;omvQif ydkif

qdkifawmfrl\/ xdkt&Sifonf avmutm;vHk;udk zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrlaom t&Sifjzpf
awmfrl\}} (1;2)
(1;2)/
]]t&Sifonf uREfkyfwkdY\ BudK;yrf;vkyfaqmifrIr&SdrDtvQif rdrd\r[mu½kPm

awmfjzihf uREfkyfwkdYtm; ay;urf;axmufyHhawmfrl\/ xdkYjyif uREfkyfwdkYBudK;yrf;vkyfaqmif
NyD;aomtcgüvnf; rdrd\r[mu½kPmawmfjzihf uREfkyfwkdY\vkyftm;udk qkvmbfay;
oem;awmfrl\}} (1;3)
(1;3)/
]]t&Sifwpfyg;wnf;omvQif w&m;pD&ifrnfhaeYawmfBuD;\ t&Sifocifjzpfawmf

rlí xkdaeYudk tjcm;rnfolYudkrQ vTJtyfawmfrrlacs/}} (1;4)
(1;4)/
]]þ*kPfawmftaygif;ESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaom tdk t&Sif - uRefawmfrsdK;wdkY

onf t&Sifwpfyg;wnf;udkomvQif qnf;uyfudk;uG,fyg\/ xdkYjyif uRefawmfrsdK;wkdY
\ tm;vHk;aomudpt ö 00wkdYü t&Sif\ ulnDapmifrrIudk &SmMuHMuyg\}} (1;5)(1;5)/ þ
rku©ygXfawmfwGif ]]uRefawmfrsdK;wdkY}}[laom A[k0kpf(trsm;)udef;udk oHk;jcif;um; t&Sif
tm;? &Sdcdk;0wfjyKjcif;ü uREfkyfwdkY\ pdwfÓPftpGrf;owåd[lorQtm;vHk;yg0if&aMumif;
ESifh xdkpdwfÓPfpGrf;owåd[lorQ tukeftpifwkdYonf t&Sif\wHcg;0ü ysyf0yf&aMumif;
udk ñTef;ayonf/ vlwdkif;onf rdrd\twGif;ydkif; tpGrf;owådrsm;tm;jzihf wpfOD;wnf;
r[kwf? trsm;jzpfavonf/ ol\pGrf;&nfowåd[lorQtm;vHk;udk xm0&bk&m;&Sif\

a&SUarSmufü vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; ysuf0yftyfESif;jcif;udk tpövmrf[kac:avonf/
]]uRefawmfrsdK;wdkYtm; t&Sif\ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaomvrf;ü ñTefjyawmfrlyg/

xkdYjyif uRefawmfrsdK;wkdYtm; xkdvrf;ay:ü NrJNrHapawmfrlyg}} ]]xdkvrf;onfum;
t&Sifaus;Zl;awmfESihf aumif;csD;r*Fvmawmfrsm; ay;oem;awmfrlaomolrsm;\ vrf;
jzpfyg\}} (1;6)
(1;6)/
]]t&Sif\ trsufawmf&Sjcif;udk cH&olrsm;\ vrf;r[kwfyg/ xdkYjyif vrf;vGJodkY

a&mufoGm;NyD; t&SifhxHawmfodkY ra&mufaomolrsm;\ vrf;r[kwfyg}} (1;7)(1;7)/ tmrifef/
t&Sifjrwf\ aus;Zl;awmfrsm;ESihf aumif;csD;r*FvmtjzmjzmwkdYudk þokdYaom
olrsm;omvQif ay;oem;awmfrljcif;cH&aMumif; þrku©ygXfawmfrsm;u azmfjyayonf/
xdkodkYaomolrsm;rSmum; rdrd\b0udk t&Sifjrwf\vrf;awmfü tepfemcHyHktyfí xkd
twGufrdrdukd,frdrd vHk;0jrKyfESHNyD;vQif? t&Sifjrwf\ auseyfrIudkvdkvm;aompdwfjzifh
om tjynfht0&Sdav&um;? t&SifjrwfxHawmf0,f qufvufnGwfwGm; qkawmif;ywå
emjyKav\/ þodkYtm;jzihf t&Sifjrwftm;awGUjcif;? t&Sif\pum;awmfrsm;udkMum;&
jcif;wnf;[laom t&SifjrwfESifh eD;pyfrItm;jzihf vlom;wpfOD;&&SdEdkifaom 0dnmOfa&;
&m aus;Zl;awmfrsm;tm;vHk;udk ay;oem;awmfrljcif;cH&&ef jzpfavonf/ xdkolwkdYonf
þodkYñGwfwGm;c,jcif;jzihf olwdkY\ tpGrf;owådtm;vHk; yg0ifí wHcg;0üvJavsmif;
ysyf0yfvQuf&Sdavonf/ olwkdYonf raumif;rI'kp½dkufrsm;tm;vHk;rS rdrdudk,frdrdum
uG,fMuí t&Sifjrwf\trsufawmf usa&mufrnfhvrf;rSeforQudkvnf; a&SmifMuOfMu
avonf/
olwkdYonf t&SifjrwfudkjrifhjrwfBuD;rm;aompdwfjzihf vHk;0½dk;ajzmihfpGm&SdMu&
um;? t&Sifjrwftm;awGUNyD;vQif t&Sifhtm;odem;vnfjcif;wnf;[laom tNrdKuf&nfudk

aomufoHk;&ef ay;tyfjcif;cHMu&avonf/ tMuifolwpfOD;tm; 0dnmOfa&;&mavmu
odkY ydkYaqmifay;aom ppfrSefí NyD;jynfhpHkonfh u½kPmawmfum; NrJNrHjcif;ü rlwnf
\/ qdkvdkonfrSm ½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfrIESifh ,HkMunfrIopömw&m;&Sdjcif;wdkYrSm rnfonfh
prf;oyfrIrsdK;ürqdk rwkefrvIyf r,drf;r,dkifaomtqihfü&Sd&ayrnf/ þum; t&Sifjrwf
ESihf cdkifNrJaomqufoG,frIjzpfNyD;? xdkqufoG,frIudk m;jzihfvnf;rckwfjzwfEdkif? rD;vnf;
ravmifEdkif? tjcm;rnfonfhBuD;rm;aom ab;’ku©rQvnf; rzsufqD;Edkif? cspfaomol
rsm;aoqHk;jcif;? cspfaomolrsm;ESifh auGuGif;&jcif;aMumifhvnf; xdkqufoG,frIrSm
wpfpHkwpf&mtaESmifht,Sufrjzpf? *kPfodu©mndI;EGrf;rnfudk pdk;&drfrIonfvnf; 4if;
tay:odkY rnfodkYrQtusdK;oufa&mufrIr&Sd? emusifzG,f&Sdaom aojcif;w&m;ESihf &if
qdkifawGU&onfhwdkif pdwfESvHk;onf xdkqufoG,frIrS pdk;pOf;rQrz,fcGm/ odkYjzpf&m þ
wHcg;onfum; tvGefusOf;ajrmif;í þvrf;onfvnf; vGefpGmyifyef;cufcJavpGw
um;/
þcufcJjcif;udk t&Sifjrwfonf atmufygrku©ygXfawmftm;jzihf ñTef;qdkawmfrl
xm;ayonf/
]],if;olwdkYtm; þodkYajymygav-oifwkdY\zcifrsm;? oifwkdY\om;rsm;? oif

wdkY\ nDtpfudkrsm;? oifwkdY\ZeD;rsm;? oifwdkY\aqGrsdK;rsm;? oifwkdY&&Sdpkaqmif;xm;
aom oifwkdY\ypönf;Opömrsm;? qHk;½IH;rnf[k oifwkdYpdk;&drfaom a&mif;0,fazmufum;
rIrsm;? oifwdkYESpfoufaomtdrf,mrsm;wdkYonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf? t&Sifjrwf\wref
awmfESifh t&Sifjrwf\vrf;awmfü BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfjcif;xufydkrdkí toifwkdYtwGuf
cspfcifwyfrufaomt&mrsm;jzpfMuacsu tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ pD&ifqHk;jzwfcsufus

a&mufonfhwdkifatmif apmifhqdkif;Muavmh/ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf remcHtjypfusL;
vGefolwdkYtm; vrf;jyawmfrrlay}} (9;24)/
t&Sifjrwf\ tvdkawmfudk ab;odkYz,fí aqGrsdK;rsm;ESifh ypönf;Opömrsm;udk
ydkrdkcspfcifOD;pm;ay;aomolwdkYrSm t&Sifjrwf\tjrifü tjypfusL;vGefolrsm;jzpfMuNyD;
olwkdYonf tjcm;t&mrsm;udk t&Sifjrwfxuf OD;pm;ay;tav;tjrwfxm;Muojzifh
trSefwu,fysufpD;&rnfholrsm;jzpfaMumif;udk txufygrku©ygXfawmfonf &Sif;vif;
pGmjyqdk\/
þum; wd;k wufjcif;\ wwd,tqihjf zpf\/ xdt k qifo
h Ykd a&mufaomolonf
t&SifjrwftwGufjzpfvm\/ xdkolonf rsm;pGmaomuyf’ku©qif;&Jjcif;rsm;udk t&Sifjrwf
twGuf zdwfac:\/ qdkvdkonfrSm rnfonhfqif;&Jjcif;? ‘ku©tcuftcJrsdK;udkrqdk
t&SifjrwftwGufcH,l&eftoifh&Sd\/ olYüt&SifjrwfrSwpfyg; tjcm;qufEG,faomolr&Sd?
tjcm;olrsm;tm;vHk;udk aoukefNyD[koabmxm;um ½dk;om;jzLpifjcif;? jrwfEdk;ysyf0yf
jcif;jzihf t&SifhxHawmfbufodkY ,drf;ñTwfqnf;uyfav\/ trSefrSmum; uREfkyfwdkYonf
rdrdudk,frdrd aojcif;w&m;ü ryHktyfoa&GU xm0&&Sifaombk&m;&Siftm; rawGUjrifEdkif
&m/ uREfkyfwdkY\ ½kyfcE¨mb0csKyfNidrf;aoqHkjcif;tjzpfodkY a&mufaomaeYonf bk&m;
&Sifxif&Sm;ay:vGifaomaeYyifjzpf\/ t&SifjrwfrSwpfyg; tjcm;aom pu©Ktm½Hkrsm;
ruef;ao;orQumvywfvHk; uREfkyfwdkYonf uef;vQufaeMu\/ t&Sifjrwf\vuf
awmfü taoaumifyrm rjzpforQ uREfkyfwdkYonf taojzpfMu\/ uREfkyfwdkYonf
t&SifjrwfESifhtjynfht0 rsufESmcsif;qdkifBuHKawGUrSomvQif udk,fcE¨mtaoG;tom;ESifh
qdkifaom qE´wPSmtm;vHk;udk ausmfvTm;Edkifeif;ofh wnfMunfNrJNrHjcif;udk &&Sd\/
xdkwnfMunfNrJNrHjcif;onf qE´&rufwkdY&Sdaomb0udk csKyfNidrf;aoqHk;jcif;tjzpfodkY
a&mufapavonf/ 4if;udk atmufygrku©ygXfawmfwGif &Sif;vif;azmfjyxm;ayonf/
qdkvdkonfrSm t&Sifjrwfonf uREfkyfwkdYtm; ol\vrf;awmfü tepfemcH&eftwGuf

uREfkyfwkdYudk,fuREfkyfwdkY tyfESH&efvdkvm;awmfrl\ (2;113)/ uREfkyfwdkY\ t&nftcsif;?

tpGrf;owådtm;vHk;wkdYudk t&SiftwGuf vHk;0tyfESHí uREfkyfwdkY\ &Sifjcif;? aojcif;?
tm;vHk;wdkYrSm t&SifhtwGufjzpfaomtcgü uREfkyfwdkYonf NrJNrHjcif;tjzpfudk &&Sdvdrfh
rnf/ 4if;udk t&Sifjrwfonf þodkYtrdefY&Sd\/
]]tdk....wrefawmf a[mMum;avmh? ig\0wfjyKjcif;? ig\pGefYvTwftepfemcH

jcif;? ig\&Sifjcif;? ig\aojcif;tm;vHk;wkdYonf tv’m[ft&SifjrwftzdkYomjzpf\}}
(6;163)/
tMuifolonf bk&m&Siftm; cspfjcif;onf þtqifhodkYa&muf&Sd\? xkdtqihf
um; ol\vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;jzpfacs\/ xdktqihfü rdrdtm;cspfolwkdYudk tNrJcspfaombk
&m;&Sifonf xdkolYtay:okdY rdrd\cspfjcif;udk ay;oem;awmfrlav\/ xdktcg xdktcspf
ESpfckawGUqHkaygif;pyfjcif;rS wpfckaomtvif;a&mifonf xdkol\twGif;ü xGufay:vm
av\/ xdktvif;udk þurÇmavmuonf rjrifEdkif? em;rvnfEdkifacs/ avmuDom;
wdkYonf xdkyk*d¾KvfwdkYtm; rodjrif? em;rvnfEdkif&um; axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom ajzmifh
rwfrSefuefolESifh olawmfpifolawmfjrwfrsm;rSm xdkolwdkY\vufwGif toufqHk;½HI;Mu
&avonf/
olwdkYudk wpfudk,faumif;qefolrsm;? vrfvnfaumufuspfolrsm;[k rSwfxif
Mu\/ taMumif;rlum; olwkdY\ MunfvifawmufyaomrsufESmrsm;udk urÇmavmu
onf rjrifEdkifacs/ ,if;tcsufudk þokdYazmfjyxm;\/
]]olwdkYonf oifhtm; MunfhMu\/ okdYaomf olwkdYonf oifhtm; rjrifMu

acs}} (7;199)/
twdkcsKyfqdk&aomf tMuifolwpfOD;\twGif;ü txufazmfjyygtvif;a&mif
xGuaf y:vmaomaeYrpS í xdo k o

l nf avmuDb0csKyfNidr;f NyD; okcbHo
k m;tjzpfoYkd a&muf
&Sdavonf/ cyfodrf;aomt&mwkdYudk pdk;rdk;awmfrlaomt&Sifonf ol\twGif;ü pum;
ajymawmfrlí rdrd\bk&m;&Sifjzpfaom tvif;a&mifudk xGef;vif;xif&Sm;apawmfrlav
onf/ t&Sifjrwftm; cspfjcif;jzihf jynfhvQHaeaom ol\pdwfESvHk;udkvnf; t&Sif\
yv’ifawmftjzpf jyKvkyfawmfrlavonf/ xdkokdYaomolonf t&Sifjrwf\awmufyaom
ajymif;vJrIjzihf vlopfjzpfvmvQifjzpfvmcsif; t&Sifjrwfonfvnf; olYtwGuftopf
jzpfvmum olYtwGuf enf;vrf;opfrsm;udk xif&Sm;ay:vGifapawmfrlavonf/ þodkY
qdk&mü pifppft&Sifjrwfonf tjcm;bk&m;&Siftopfwpfyg; jzpfívmonfr[kwf? enf;
vrf;rsm;onfvnf; t&Sif\enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhrwl jcm;em;aomenf;vrf;rsm;r[kwfMu
acs/ odkYaomf omrefenf;vrf;rsm;xuf xl;jcm;vmNyD; ,if;wkdYudk avmuDtawG;t
ac:ynmjzifh owdrjyKrd&m/ xdkolonf atmufazmfjyyg rku©ygXfawmfwGif ñTef;qdk
onfholrsm;teuf wpfOD;tygt0ifjzpfvmavonf/
]]vlom;rsm;teuf tqifhtwef;jrifhrm;aomolrsm;&SdMu\/ olwdkYonf rdrd

wkdY\ toufpnf;pdrfwkdYudkpGefYí tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ ESpfoufjrwfEdk;rIudk &SmrSD;jcif;
ü epfrGef;aeMu\/ þuJhodkYaom olwdkYtay:wGif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf oem;Muif
emrIt&SdqHk;jzpfawmfrl\}} (2;208)
(2;208)/
okdYjzpf&m 0dnmOfa&;&mb0tqihfodkY a&muf&SdaomolwdkYonf tv’m[ft&Sif
jrwf\ vrf;awmf0,f rdrdudk,frdrd vHk;0paw;cHMuavonf/
þrku©ygXfawmfwGif t&SifjrwfrdefYMum;awmfrlxm;onfrSm xdkodkYaomolom
vQif 'ku©t00rS u,fwifjcif;udk &&Sd\/ xdkolonf t&Sifjrwf\ ESpfoufjrwfEdk;
rItwGuf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ vrf;awmf0,f rdrd\toufudkay;tyfí? ol\touf
udk pGefYvTwfay;tyfjcif;jzifh t&SifjrwfxH vHk;0yHktyfysyf0yfjcif;udk oufaoxl\
ol\pdwfü rdrdvljzpfvm&jcif;rSm rdrd\zefqif;&Sifudk emcH&efESihf b0wlvlom;rsm;tm;

tvkyftauR;jyK&efjzpfonf[k rSwf,lpGJydkufxm;\/ rdrd\pGrf;&nftm;vHk;ESifhqufEG,f
aeaom aumif;rIrsm;tm;vHkudk? rdrd\emcHjcif;aMu;rHkjyifwGif rdrd\ ppfrSefaom
cspfol? t&Sifjrwfudk trSefwu,fjrif&onfhtvm; pdwftm;xufoefpGm? ESvHk;om;
jzLpifpGmjzihf aqmif&GufusihfBuHavonf/ ol\&nf&G,fcsufwkdYonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf
\ tvdkawmfqEÉSihf xyfwlxyfrQjzpfoGm;av\/ xdkYjyif ol\aysmf&TifrItm;vHk;onf
t&Sifjrwftm;emcHjcif;ü pkpnf;Mu\/
olonf aumif;rIjyKusihf&mü wm0efav;wifonfhtaejzifhr[kwf aysmf&TifrI
0rf;ajrmufrItwdjzihf vdkvdkvm;vm;aqmif&Guf\/ þum;0dnmOfa&;&mvlwpfOD;tae
jzihf þavmuDüyif ay;tyfjcif;cH&aom *sEéwfokcbHkjzpf\/ aemifwrvGefwGif &&Sd
rnfh *sEéokcbHkonf trSeftm;jzihf þokcbHk\ a&mifjyef[yfjcif;jzpfay&m? t&Sifjrwf
\ wefcdk;awmfjzihf 4if;udk aemifwrvGefwGif ½kyfo@mefjzihf xif&Sm;apawmfrlrnf
jzpfavonf/
xkdtaMumif;udk atmifygrku©ygXfawmfrsm;wGif ñTef;qdkxm;ayonf-
]]tMuifolonf t&Sifjrwftm; aMumuf&GHUtHh? xkdYjyif t&Sifjrwf\ BuD;jrwf

rIbkef;wefcdk;awmfrsm;udk aMumuf&GHU½dkusdK;tHh? xdkoltwGuf *sEéwfokcbHkESpfck&Sd\/
wpfckonf þavmuüjzpfNyD; tjcm;wpfckrSm wrvGefb0üjzpf\}}(55;47) (55;47)
(55;47)/ ]]xdkYjyif
t&Sifjrwfü vHk;0ESpfjrKyfaeaom olwdkYtm; t&Sifjrwfonf olwdkY\ESvHk;om;? olwkdY
\ tawG;tac:? olwkdY\tBuHtpnf;rsm;udk oefYpifaprnfh tazsmf,rumudk wdkuf
auR;awmfrlrnf}} (76;22)
(76;22)/
]]xdo
k Ykd aumif;jrwfaomolwYkdonf tv’m[ft&Sijf rwf\ aus;uRerf sm; aomuf
oHk;Muaom prf;rSy½kyfjzihfazsmftyfaom tazsmf,rumudk aomufoHk;&ef ay;jcif;cHMu
&rnf/ ,if;udk rdrdwkdYudk,fwdkif BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIjzihf yef;xGufapjcif;jzpf\}}
(76;6-7)
(76;6-7)/
y½kyEf iS chf sif;(*sif;)jzihf jyKvkyx

f m;aom tazsmf,rumrsm;\t"dyÜg,f
txufygrku©ygXfawmfwGif y½kyf(umzl&f)pum;vHk;udk oHk;pGJxm;\/ taMumif;

um; tm&ADbmomtbd mefwGif ]]uz&m}} qdkonfrSm zdjcif;? ESdyfjcif;ESihf zHk;tkyfjcif;
udk qdkvdkayonf/ &nfñTef;vdkonfrSm þolwkdYonf avmuDqE´&rufwkdYudk tukef
tpifESdrfeif;í avmuDESihfjzwfawmufum t&SifjrwfbufawmfodkY OD;vSnfhjcif;wnf;[l
aom cGufrSaomufoHk;&avonf/ þodkYt&SifjrwfbufodkY OD;vSnfh&mwGif pdwf&if;ap
wem tvGef½dk;om;oefYpifay&m olwdkY\ avmuDudkcspfaompdwfonf tvGefat;
pufoGm;avonf/ qE´&ruftm;vHk;wdkYonf pdwfESvHk;rSaygufzGm;Mu\/ pdwfESvHk;onf
rvdkvm;tyfaom qE´wPSmwkdYrS vHk;0z,fcGmí ,if;qE´&rufwdkYxH vHk;0jyefvnfí
roGm;aomtcg xdkqE´&rufwdkYonf wjznf;jznf;avsmhenf;vmí aemufqHk;wGif
vHk;0csKyfNidrf;oGm;avonf/ ,if;um; þrku©ygXfawmfwGif ñTef;qdkxm;csufjzpf\/
qdkvdkonfrSm xdkodkYaomolwdkYonf rdrdwkdY\qE´&rufwkdYudk ta0;rSa&SmifMuOfí t&Sif
jrwfbufawmfodkY vHk;0,drf;nGwfav&m olwdkY\pdwfESvHk;onf avmuDa&;&mwyf
rufrIü at;pufvmNyD; tqdyf&Sdaomt&mrsm;udk y½kyfonf ESdyfeif;ouJhodkY olwdkY\
qE´&rufwkdYonfvnf; csdK;ESdrfjcif;cH&avonf/
xdkYjyif wzefrdefYMum;awmfrlonfrSm ]]olwkdYonf xdky½kyfjzifhazsmftyfaom
t&nfudkrSD0JNyD;aemuf csif;jzihfazsmftyfaom azsmf&nfudkaomufoHk;Mu&\}} (76;18-
19)
19)/ csif;(*sif;)twGuf tm&ADpum; (Zefa*sbDvf)rSm ZemESihf *sbmvfpum;vHk;ESpf
vHk;udk aygif;pyfxm;aom pum;vHk;jzpf\/ Zem\t"dyÜg,frSm tm&ADtbd"mefwGif
tay:odkYwufjcif;udkac:\/ *sbmvf\t"dyÜg,frSm ]]awmif}}[k&&Sd\/ odkYjzpf&m Zef

a*sbDvf\t"dyÜg,frSm awmifay:odkYwufonf[k t"dyÜg,f&&Sd\/ rSwf&efum; vlom;
wGif tqdyftawmufjzpfapaom a&m*gwG,fuyfNyD;aemuf vHk;0jyefvnfusef;rmoef
pGrf;rI jzpfay:vm&eftwGuf tajctaeESpfrsdK;udk jzefoef;&\/ wpfckrSm tqdyft
awmufjzpfapaom t&mrsm;udk vHk;0ESdrfeif;í tEÅ&m,fjyKEdkifaom t&mrsm;udk ajymif;
vJNyD;vQif tqdyfjzpfapaom tajctaersm;rS ab;uif;pGma&SmifuGif;í ysufpD;apEdkif
aom tEÅ&m,frkefwdkif;udk vHk;0ESdrfeif;at;Nidrf;apaomtcg jzpf\/ odkYaomf cE¨m
udk,fwGif csdeJYvsuf&Sdao;\/ a&m*gaMumifhjzpfaom tm;enf;jcif;um; tqdyfESifhtwl
yaysmufjcif;odkY ra&mufacs/ a0'emcH&olrSm aoab;rSvGwfaomfvnf; tm;tifjyef
í&&SdrSom aumif;pGmusef;rmonf[k qdkEdkifayonf/ rcdkifrNrJcsnfheJY ,dkifvJjcif;jzpf
acsu usef;rmol[k rqdkEdkifacs/
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apmufrwfaom awmifudkyifwufvdkpdwfaygufyGm;vm\/ awmifay:wufí aysmf&Tif
jrL;wl;pGm ajy;aqmhupm;vdkpdwf jzpfvm\/ þtajctaeudk wwd,tqihfwGif
&&Sd\/ xdktqihfESifhpyfvsOf;í t&SifjrwfrdefYawmfrlxm;onfrSm? ajzmifhrwfjzLpifjcif;ü
tjrihfqHk;tqifhodkYa&muf&SdolwdkYonf csif;jzihfazsmftyfaom t&nfudkaomufMu&\/
qdkvdkonfrSm xdkolwdkYonf 0dnmOfa&;&mtajctaeü tm;tiftjynfht0jynfh
NzdK;jcif;tjzpfoYkd a&muf&í
dS olwYdk onf jrihrf m;aomawmifrsm;udyk if wufEikd Mf uavonf/
t dyÜg,f&&SdonfrSm olwdkYonfBuD;av;aomtvkyfrsm;? pDrHudef;rsm;udk jzpfajrmufatmif
aqmif&GufEdkifNyD; t&Sifjrwfvrf;awmf0,f BuD;pGmaomtepfemcHpGefYvTwfrI toufpGefY
rIrsdK;udk jyKvkyfMuavonf/
csif;(*sif;)&nf\ tusdK;oufa&mufrI
þae&mwGif rSwfom;tyfonfum; csif;(*sif;)\ tpGrf;rsm;teuf wpfckrSm

csif;onf cE¨mudk,fzGJUpnf;rIpepfudk cdkifrmap\/ xdkYjyif 0rf;avQma&m*gudkvnf;

aysmufuif;csrf;omaponfhtjyif udk,fcE¨mtm; OPSmawaZmwnf;[laom (u,fvdk&D)
taEG; mwfudkay;ojzihf oHk;pGJoltzdkY BuHUcdkifvmum jrihfrm;aomawmifudk wuf&efyif
pGrf;tm;rsm;&&Sdvmavonf/
y½kyfESihfESifhcsif;udk wGJzufíazmfjy&jcif;um; þokdYwnf;/ tMuifolwpfOD;
onf rdrdpdwfwPSm&rufwkdY\ aus;uRefb0rSz,fcGmí aumif;rIzufodkY OD;wnfa&GU
vsm;aomtcgü yxrwHkYjyefrIum; y½kyfonf tqdyftawmuf&Sdaomt&mrsm;udk csdK;
ESdrfzsufqD;ypfouJhodkY olYtm;a0’emcHpm;&rIudk jzpfaponfh tqdyftawmufrsm;onf
vnf; zdESdyfcsdK;ESdrfjcif;cH&NyD;vQif olYxHüpGJuyfaeaom qE´&rufwkdYonf ,kwfavsmh
pjyKvmav\/ xdkYaMumifhyif ,if;y½kyfonf umv0rf;a&m*gESihf tla&mifief;zsm;a&m
*grsm;udk uko&mwGif toHk;usavonf/
a&m*gudkjzpfaponfh tqdyftawmufrsm;onf vHk;0zdESdyfzsufqD;jcif;cH&aom
tcg vlrrmonf a&m*goufomí usef;rma&;jyefvnf&&Sdvm\/ odkYaomf cHpm;cJh&
aom a&m*g\’PfaMumifh tm;tifrSmrl csnfheJYvQufyif &Sdaeao;avonf/ 'kwd,
tqihfrSm olonf csif;jzifh azsmftyfaomazsmf&nfudk aomufoHk;&jcif;tm;jzifh tm;tif
jynfhNzdK;rI&&Sdvm\/ 0dnmOfa&;&ma0g[m&t&qdkvQif þazsmf&nfonf t&Sifjrwf\
vSywifhw,frI xGef;awmufxif&Sm;jcif;jzpfNyD; ,if;onfyif 0dnmOf\tm[m&jzpfav
onf/ olonf þxGef;awmufrIrS tm;tif&&Sdaomtcg jrihfrm;aomawmifrsm;ay:odkY
wufEdkifpGrf;&Sdvmavonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm olonf t&Sif\vrf;awmf0,f tb,frQ
avmuf tHhMop&maumif;avmufatmif cufcJaomtvkyfrsm;udk aqmif&Gufoenf;[l
rl xufoefaomtcspfpdwfuif;rJholrsm;onf þtrIudkrxrf;aqmifEdkifMu&m/ þrku©
ygXfawmfrsm;wGif t&Sifjrwfonf þtajctaeESpf&yfudk xif&Sm;ap&ef tm&ADpum;vHk;
ESpfvHk;udk oHk;awmfrlxm;\/ wpfckrSm (umzl&f)y½kyfjzpfNyD; zdESdyfjcif;udkñTef;í? tjcm;
wpfckrSm (Zefa*sbDvf)csif;jzpfNyD; tay:odkYwufjcif;udk ñTef;avonf/ þum; t&Sif
jrwftm; &SmazGolwdkY BuHKawGU&aomtajctaeESpf&yfyifwnf;/
]]igt&Sifjrwfonf trSefw&m;udk r,HkMunfjiif;y,folrsm;twGuf oHBudK;rsm;?

vnfywfBudK;rsm;ESifh rD;awmufrD;vQHrsm;udk toifhjyifqifíxm;awmfrl\}} (76;5)
(76;5)/
qdkvdkonfrSm trSefw&m;udkjiif;y,fí ,if;trSefw&m;udk vufcHvdkpdwfr&Sdolrsm;t
wGuf t&Sifjrwfonf oHBudK;rsm;? vnfywfBudK;rsm;ESihf rD;awmufrD;vQHrsm;udk jyifqif
xm;avonf/ t"dyÜg,fum; ppfrSefaomESvHk;om;jzifh t&Sifjrwftm; &SmazGjcif; rjyK
olwdkYonf t&SifjrwfbufawmfrS jyif;xefaomwHkYjyefrIudk cHMu&avonf/
xdkolwdkYonf avmuD\ zrf;qD;jcif;cH&rIü rnfrQepfjrKyfaeoenf;[lrl ajcü
avmuDa&;&mtvkyfrsm;wGif rnfrQpGJvrf;OD;pdkufí aeMuoenf;[lrl vnfyif;udk vnf
ywfBudK;rsm;ESifhqdkif;í cHxm;&onfhtvm; rdrdwdkY\rsufvHk;rsm;udk aumif;uifqDokdY
armhMunhf&ef yifhír&jzpfaeMuavonf/ avmu\&rufwPSmrsm;jzpfaom ypönf;
Opöm? tmPm? atmifEdkifjcif;? aiGaMu;"e ponfwdkYtm; wyfrufonfhpdwfonfvnf;
ol\twGif;ü jyif;jypGmavmifuRrf;vQuf&Sdav\/ t&Sifjrwfonf olwdkYtm; xdkufwef
jcif;r&Sdol? rvdkvm;tyfaomt&mwkdYü vHk;yef;tm;xkwfaeolrsm;tjzpf jrifawGUawmfrl
ojzifh olwdkYtay:odkY þoHk;rsdK;aomqif;&J’ku©wdkYudk usa&mufapawmfrlavonf/
þwGif ñTef;qdkazmfjyonfum; vlom;\vkyf&yfwdkif;ü ,if;ESihfavsmfnDaom
vkyf&yfonf t&SifjrwfbufawmfrS tusdK;oufa&mufrItjzpf vm&SdaMumif;yifjzpf\/
Oyrm-vlonf rdrd\tcef;wHcg;rsm;ESihf jyLwif;rsm;udk ydwfvdkufonfhtcg xdkvkyf
&yf\aemufwGif t&Sifjrwf\vkyf&yfonf vkdufívm\/ ,if;um;tcef;onf arSmif
usoGm;avonf/ uREfkyfwdkYjyKusifhaom rnfonfhvkyf&yfrqdk t&Sifjrwf\ ed,mr
Oya’abmifwGif xdkvkyf&yftwGuf tusdK;&vm’fonf owfrSwfjyXmef;NyD;jzpf\/ xdk
t&mrsm;tm;vHk;onf t&Sifjrwf\jyKrljcif;yifjzpf\/ taMumif;aomfum; t&Sifjrwf
onfomvQif taMumif;cHrsm;tm;vHk;wdkY\ t&if;cHjzpfawmfrlaomaMumifhwnf;/ Oyrm
tMuifolwpfOD;onf tqdyfudkaomufonf&Sdaomf ol\xdkvkyf&yftwGuf t&Sifjrwf\
vky&f yfonf aemufuvdu k v
f m\/ 4if;rSmolonf tqdyo f ifí
h ao&vdrrhf nf/ xked nf;
wlpGm tu,fí rnfolrqdk ul;pufwwfaoma&m*gjzpfapEdkifaomvkyf&yfudkjyKvkyfygu

xdkol\ xdkvkyf&yfaemuf t&Sifjrwf\ jyKrljcif;rSm xdkol\ul;pufa&m*gpGJuyfvdrfh
rnfjzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh uREfkyfwdkY avmuDb0usihf0wfrsm;ü uREfkyfwdkYvkyf&yfwdkif;t
wGuf ,if;\tusdK;quf&v’fonf &SdNrJjzpf\/ xkdtusdK;quf&v’fonf t&Sifjrwf\
jyKrljcif;yifjzpf\/
omoema&;udp&ö yfrsm;üvnf; xdked,mrOya’twdkif;yifjzpfavonf/ jyKvkyf
orQaomt&mwkdYaemufü tusdK;w&m;onf vdkufívm\/ Oyrmqdkaomf usrf;jrwf
uk&ftmefwGif þodkYvm&Sd\/
qdv
k o kd nfrmS ]]tMuifow
l pfO;D onf t&Sijf rwftm;&SmazG&mü tjynft
h 0BudK;pm;
tm;xkwf\/ xdktcg xkdjyKrljcif;twGuf ,if;ESifhtnD t&Sifjrwf\ rvGJraoGjyKrl
jcif;um; xdkoltm; rdrdtxHawmfodkY OD;wnfonfhvrf;udk ñTefjyawmfrl&efjzpf\}}
(29;70)
(29;70)/ 4if;ESifhajymif;jyef rdefYMum;awmfrlxm;onfrSm?
xdkYjyif ]]tMuifolwdkYonf vrf;rSefrSroGm;bJ vrf;vGJodkYoGm;Mu\? xdkYjyif
ajzmihfrSefaomvrf;twdkif; ravQmufvdkMu? xdktcg t&Sifjrwf\ jyKrljcif;um; t&Sif
jrwfonf olwkdY\pdwfESvHk;rsm;udk vrf;rSefrSvGJapawmfrlvdrfhrnf}} (61;6)
(61;6)/ xdkYjyif
,if;tajctaeudk xdkxufydkrdkí &Sif;vif;&ef rdefYMum;awmfrlonfrSm?
qdkvdkonfrSm ]] þb0ü rsufuef;tjzpf &SdaecJholonf aemifwrvGefb0

wGifvnf; uef;vwåHY? xkdrQru uef;olxufyif ykdíqdk;vdrfhrnf}} (17;73)
(17;73)/ &nfñTef;
onfum; aumif;jrwfaomolwdkYonf þavmuDb0üyif t&Sifjrwftm;awGU&Sdí þ
avmuüyif rdrd\ppfrSefaom cspfoludk jrifawGUzl;ajrmfMu&avonf/ tcsKyftm;jzihf
þrku©ygVfawmf\ qdkvdk&if;rSm þodkYjzpf\? *sEéwfokcbHkb0\ tkwfjrpfudk þ

avmuDb0üyifcs\/ xdkYjyif i&J\uef;jcif; t&if;tjrpfonfvnf; þavmu\
npfnrf;rpifMu,frIESihf tuef;b0yifjzpfavonf/
]]ouf0if,MkH unfNyD; aumif;jrwfaomusifBh uHru

I kd jyKusifo
h w
l Ykd twGuf atmuf
wGif prf;acsmif;toG,foG,fpD;aeaom O,smOfawmfrsm;&SdaMumif;? owif;aumif;udkay;
ygav}} (2;26)
(2;26)/
þrku©ygXfawmfwGif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf (tDrmef)ouf0if,HkMunfrIudk
atmufwGif prf;acsmif;rsm;pD;aeaom O,msOftjzpf azmfjyawmfrlxm;\/ þodkYjzihf
ñTef;qdkonfrSm O,smOfonf jrpfrsm;? prf;acsmif;rsm;rS a&ESifhqufEG,faeouJhodkY
ouf0if,HkMunfjcif;onf aumif;jrwfaomusifhaqmifrIESifh qufEG,fvsuf&Sd\/ a&
r&SdvQif O,smonf pdrf;vrf;pdkajyjcif;r&SdEdkif? xdkYtwl aumif;jrwfaom usihfaqmif
rIudkrjyKvQif (tDrmef),HkMunfjcif;onf toufr&SifEdkif&m/ ,HkMunfrIum;&Sd\/ odkY
aomf aumif;jrwfaomtrIudk jyKusifhrIr&SdvQif xdk,HkMunfrIrSm tcsnf;ESD;omwnf;/
xdkYtwl usifhaqmifjyKusihfrIum;&Sd\? odkYaomf ,HkMunfrIr&Sdacsu xkdusihfaqmifrI
onf vltrsm;jrifaumif;atmif jyKusihfrIomjzpf\/ tpövmrf\ *sEéwfokcbHktppf
trSefonf þavmuDb0ü(tDrmef),HkMunfrIESifh aumif;jrwfaomusihfaqmifrIrsm;\
a&mifjyef[yfaomt&dyfjzpfNyD; vlom;wpfOD;tzdkY tjcm;ae&mwpfckrS&&Sdrnfh oD;jcm;
t&mwpfckr[kwfacs/ trSefaomfum; vlom;wpfOD;\ okcbHkonf ol\twGif;üyif
aygufzGm;jcif;jzpfNyD; vlwkdif;\okcbHkonf ol\,HkMunfrIESifh aumif;jrwfaom usihf
BuHtm;xkwfrIwdkY\ zHk;uG,faeaom O,smOfrsm;ESihf prf;acsmif;toG,foG,fwkdYudkvnf;
odjrifvmavonf/
t&Sifjrwf\ rGefjrwfoefYpifaom oGefoifcsufu uREfkyfwdkYtm; azmfjyonf
um; t&Sifjrwftm;vnf;aumif; t&Sifjrwf\ *kPfawmftaygif;tm;vnf;aumif;?

t&Sif\tvdkawmfudkvnf;aumif;? tppftrSeftjynfht0 cdkifcdkifNrJNrJ ,HkMunfjcif;onf
toD;aygif;a0qmaomtyifwYkd jzihNf yD;aom om,mvSyonfh O,smOfjzpf\/ aumif;jrwf
aomtrIudk jyKusihfrIrsm;rSmum; xdkO,smOfudkpdrf;vef;pdkajyap&ef vdktyfonfha&udk
ay;aomprf;acsmif;rsm;yifwnf;/ xdktaMumif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif
þodkYvm&Sd\/
qdkvdkonfrSm tpGef;a&mufolrsm;? cRwf,Gif;rIrsm;? rrSefruefrkom;rsm;? wef

bdk;r&Sd tcsnf;ESD;ajymqdkjcif;rsm;wdkYrS oefY&Sif;uif;pifaom ouf0if,HkMunfrI\pum;
onf tzufzufrSNyD;jynfhpHkí xdkdokdYaomopfyifESihfwl\/ xdkopfyifonf cRwf,Gif;
avQmhenf;rItaygif;rSuif;pifí 4if;\tjrpfonf ajrücdkifNrJpGmpGJvsuf tudkif;tcuf
wdkYonf aumif;uif,HokdY wdk;xGufvQuf&Sd\/ xkdopfyifonf tcgrvyfq,fhESpf&m
oD toD;oD;í tudkif;tcufwdkYwGif toD;r&Sdaomtcsdef[lír&Sdacs (14;25-26) (14;25-26)/
xdkazmfjycsufwGif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf ,HkMunfrI\pum;udk tcgrvyf toD;oD;
aomopfyifESifh EdIif;,SOfí wlnDrI&SdaMumif;udkjyoNyD; ,if;\ vu©PmoHk;&yfudkyg
azmfjyxm;ygonf/
yxrtaejzihf tqvf\t"dygÜ ,frmS tjrpfjzpf\/ ,if;tjrpfonf vlom;\
pdwfESvHk;wnf;[laom ajrwGifcdkifNrJpGmpGJ\/ qdkvdkonfrSm ,if;\rSefuefrIESihf ppf
rSefrIudk vlom;wdkY\obm0ESifh trSm;trSefudkydkif;jcm;odaom twGif;pdwfwkdYu vufcH
\/
'kwd,vu©Pmtaejzihf ,if;pum;\tudkif;tcufwkdYonf aumif;uif,HqD
odkY jzmxGufvQuf&Sd\/ qdkvdkonfrSm 4if;onf qifjcifwHkw&m;\ axmufcHrIudk
&&Sd&rnfjzpfNyD; aumif;uifqdkif&mobm0ed,mrw&m;jzpfaom t&Sifjrwf\vkyf&yfESifh
udkufnD&rnfjzpf\/ wpfenf;qdkaomf ,if;\rSefuefrIESifhppfrSefrIudk axmufcHonfh
taMumif;jycsufrsm;udk obm0ed,mrw&m;u ay;&rnfjzpfNyD; xdktaMumif;jycsuf

qifajcrsm;rSm a0zefcH&jcif;tjzpfrS uif;pif&ayrnf/
wwd,vu©PmrSm 4if;\toD;onf tuefYtowfr&Sd rNrJrjywfoD;vQuf
&Sd&ayrnf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ,if;\aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;ESifh tusdK;oufa&mufrIwdkYonf
tcgrvyftNrJrjywf xif&Sm;ay:vGif&rnfjzpfNyD;vQif acwåtwefMum&SdaeNyD;rS &yfpGJ
oGm;jcif;tjzpfodkY ra&muf&acs/ xdkYaemuf azmfjyxm;onfrSm -
]]raumif;aompum;rSmrl raumif;aomopfyifESihfwl\/ xdkopfyifonf ajrrS

EIwfypfjcif;cH&av&m NrJNrHcdkifcefYrItvQif;r&Sdacs}} (14;27)
(14;27)/
qdkvdkonfrSm vlom;\obm0Zmwdu ,if;udkjiif;y,fNyD;vQif usdK;aMumif;
,kwt då m;jzifv
h nf;aumif; obm0w&m;tm;jzifv h nf;aumif;? vlom;\yifu,
kd o
f bm0
pdwftm;jzifhvnf;aumif; taxmuftcHr&Sdacs/ ,if;pum;onf tv[óyHkjyifpum;
omjzpfí cdkifNrJrIr&Sdacs/
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif ppfrSefaom,HkMunfcsuf\opfyifrsm;onf aemifwr
vGefwGif pyspf? ovJESifh tjcm;aumif;aomtoD;rsm;tjzpf jzpfay:vmrnf[kqkdxm;
ayonf/ xdkenf;wlpGm ,HkMunfrIuif;rJhjcif;\ raumif;aomopfyifwkdYudk ]]Zuful;rf}}
[kazmfjyxm;ayonf/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif þodkYvm&Sd\/
]]{nhfcHjcif;ü okcbHk&SdO,smOfrsm;u ydkíaumif;oavm? odkYwnf;r[kwf trSm;

usL;vGefolwdkYtwGuf prf;oyfrIjyK&mtjzpf igt&SifjyKvkyfxm;awmfrlaom Zuful;rf
tyifu ydkíaumif;oavm? xdktyifonf i&J\tjrpfrSwufívmaom tyifjzpf\
qdkvdkonfrSm *kPfrmearmufjcif;ESifh rdrdudk,frdrdtxifBuD;jcif;rS aygufívm\
xdktyif\toD;rSm ½dIifwef\OD;acgif;rsm;uJhodkY jzpfavonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm tMuifol
onf xdktoD;udkpm;oHk;tHh? ysufpD;&rnfwnf;}} (37;63-66)
(37;63-66)/ xdkYaemuf qdkxm;onf
rSm ]]Zuful;rfac:aomtyifonf jypfrIusL;vGefolwdkY\ tpmjzpf\/ ,if;onf
olwdkY\0rf;AdkufxJwGif t&nfaysmfaeaom aMu;eDuJhodkY yGufyGufqlvwHåU}} (44;44-
47)
47)/ tjypfxdkufoltm; þodkYtrdefYay;vdrfhrnf? ]]toifonf xdkt&mudkcHpm;avmh?
toifonf toifhudk,ftoif tiftm;BuD;vSonf? jrihfjrwfvSonf[k ,lqcJhonf
r[kwfavm}} (44;50)
(44;50)/
þum;trsufawmfudkjyaom pum;rsm;jzpf\/ t"dyÜg,frSm xdktjypfusL;vGef
olonf tu,fþ*kPfrmewuf<ujcif;r&SdcJhvQif? xdkYjyif rmewufjcif;ESifh ol\*kPf
odu©mESihfpyfvsOf;í rrSefuefaom t,ltqaMumifh trSefw&m;udk ausmcdkif;ypfy,f
olr[kwfcJhvQif olonf þodkYcHpm;&rnfr[kwfay/ þrku©ygXfawmfu ñTef;onfrSm
Zuful;rf[laom pum;vHk;onf Zl;ufESifhtif;rfwdkYudk aygif;pyfxm;aom pum;vHk;jzpf
onf/ Zl;uf\t dyÜg,frSm 4if;t&mudkjrnf;prf;avmh[k &&SdNyD;? tif;rfrSm rku©ygXfawmf
aemufqHk;tpdwftydkif;\ yxrESifh aemufqHk;pum;vHk;rsm;udk aygif;pyfxm;jcif;jzpfav
onf/
þodkYjzihf t&Sifjrwfonf þb0wGif uREfkyfwdkY>rwf[ajymqdkaom ,HkMunf

jcif;\ pum;rsm;udk *sEéwfokcbHk\ opfyifrsm;tjzpf azmfjyxm;awmfrlayonf/
xdkenf;wlpGm þb0wGifajymqdkaom ,HkMunfrIrJhaompum;rsm;udk i&J\Zuful;rf[k
ac:aom tyiftjzpf azmfjyxm;ayonf/ þodkYjzihf okcbHkESihf i&JwkdY\tjrpfonf

þavmuDb0üyif tpjyKaMumif; ñTef;qdkvsuf&Sdayonf/ tjcm;wpfae&mwGif i&Judk
þokdYazmfjyxm;awmfrl\/
t"dyÜg,frSm ]]i&JonfrD;jzpf\/ xdkrD;onf t&Sifjrwf\ trsufawmfrS xGuf

ay:vmí 'kp½dkufjypfrIrS NidpGJawmufavmifNyD; pdwfESvHk;udk zHk;vTrf;av\}} (104;7-
8)
8)/ þrD;\ t&if;tjrpfü pdwfESvHk;om; xdcdkufemusifapaom 0rf;enf;rI ylaqG;
rIESihf n§if;yef;ESdyfpufrIrsm;&SdaMumif; þrku©ygXfawmfu ñTef;qdkavonf/ tm;vHk;aom
0dnmOfa&;&m n§if;yef;ESdyfpufrI[lorQonf pdwfESvHk;xJüjzpfay:vmNyD; cE¨mudk,fwpf
ckvHk;udk vTrf;NcHKavonf/ tjcm;wpfae&mwGif azmfjyxm;onfrSm -
i&J\rD;udk tNrJawmufavmifaeapaomavmifpmonf ESpfrsdK;&Sd\/ wpfckrSm

t&SifjrwfrS vGJz,fí tjcm;aomt&mrsm;udk udk;uG,folrsm;? odkYr[kwf rdrdwdkYqE´
tavsmuf udk;uG,folrsm;jzpfMu\ (2;25)
(2;25)/ xdktaMumif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í tjcm;wpfae
&mwGif þokdYqdkxm;\/
t"dyÜg,frSm r[kwfrrSefaombk&m;rsm;ESihf ,if;wkdYtm; udk;uG,folrsm;onf

i&JxJodkY ypfcsjcif;cHMu&vdrfhrnf/ i&J\ 'kwd,trsdK;tpm;avmifpmrSm ½kyfwkrsm;jzpf
\/ bk&m;wk? bk&m;a,mifrsm;? ½kyfwkrsm;ESihf ,if;wdkYtm; udk;uG,folrsm; r&SdcJhvQif
i&Jvnf;&Sdrnfr[kwfacs (2;25? 21;99)21;99)/
þrku©ygXfawmfrsm;ujyqdkonfrSm t&Sifjrwf\ jrihfjrwfaom rku©ygXfawmf
t& okcbHkESifh i&Jonf þavmuD½kyfavmuuJhodkY r[kwfacs/ ,if;wkdY\t&if;tjrpf
rSm 0dnmOfa&;&mESifhqdkif\/ aemifwrvGefwGif 4if;wdkYonf yHko@meftm;jzifh tcdkif
trmxif&Sm;ay:vGifvmrnfrSm rSef\/ okdYaomf þavmuDb0ESifhoufqdkifaom t&m

rsm;um; r[kwfacs/
t&SifjrwfESifh0dnmOfqdkift&mtjynfht0aygif;pyf&efenf;vrf;rsm;
t&SifjrwfESifh0dnmOfqdkif&mtjynhft0aygif;pyfrI&&Sd&ef usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefu
oifjyaomenf;vrf;rSm tpövmrfyifjzpf\/ qdkvdkonfrSm rdrd\b0wpfckvHk;udk t&Sif
jrwftwGuftyfESHí ql&m[fzmaw[m(usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\tzGihfu@)wGif t&Sifjrwf
oifjyxm;awmfrlaom qkawmif;ywåemtwdkif; tNrJrjywfqkawmif;wdk;vQdK;ae&efjzpf\/
þonfrSm tpövmrf\ tESpfom&jzpf\ t&SifjrwfxH rdrdudk,frdrd vHk;0tyfESHNyD;
ql&m[fzmaw[mwGif oifjyxm;onfhtwdkif; qkawmif;ywåemjyKjcif;onfomvQif
t&SifjrwfESifhawGUqHkí ppfrSefaomu,fwifjcif;\ tNrdKufa&udkaomufoHk;&&ef enf;
vrf;rsm;jzpf\/ þonfomvQif vlom;twGuf 0dnmOfa&;&mtjrifq h ;kH tqiho
f Ykd a&muf
&Sd&efESihf t&SifjrwfESihfawGUqHk&ef obm0w&m;u csrSwfxm;aom wpfckwnf;aom
enf;vrf;jzpf\/
tpövmrf\ 0dnmOfa&;&m rD;awmuftwGif;odkY0ifí ql&m[fzmaw[mwGif
oifjyxm;onfhtwdkif; tNrJrjywf qkawmif;ysyf0yfolwkdYonfomvQif t&Sifjrwfudk
awGU&Sdavonf/ tpövmrfonf awmufavmifaeaom rD;awmufrD;vQHjzpf\/ xdkrD;
onf uREfkyfwkdY\b0udk avmifuRrf;í uREkfyfwdkY\rrSefaombk&m;rsm;udk rD;½dIU0g;rsdK
um uREkfyfwdkY\touf? ypönf;Opöm? *kPfoa&wdkYtm; tepfemcHpGefYvTwfjcif;udk
jrifhjrwfaom t&SifjrwfxHawmfü wifjyavonf/ þtwGif;odkY 0ifa&mufjcif;jzihf
b0topfwpfck\a&udk aomufoHk;&NyD;vQif uREfkyfwdkY\ 0dnmOfa&;&mpGrf;tm;? tm;
vHk;wdkYonf t&SifjrwfESifh qufoG,frIudkcsrSwfav&m aqGrsdK;&if;csmtcsif;csif; quf
oG,frI&SdouJhokdY jzpfavonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\twGif;rS rD;wpfckonf vQyfppfuJhokdYay:
xGufvmí tjcm;rD;wpfckonf uREfkyfwdkYtay:odkY txufrS oufqif;ívm\/ þ
rD;ESpfckawGUqHkaygif;pyfjcif;jzihf uREfkyfwkdY\ wPSm&rufqE´rsm;ESifh t&SifjrwfrSwpfyg;
tjcm;aomt&mrsm;udk cspfaompdwfwkdYonf vHk;0avmifNrdKuf0g;NrdKjcif;cH&NyD;vQif uREfkyf

wdkY\,cifb0onf aoqHk;csKyfNidrf;oGm;av\/
þtajctaeudk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif tpövmrf[ktrnfay;xm;\/ t&Sif
jrwftvdkawmftwdkif;jzpfap&ef rdrdudk,frdrd vHk;0yHktyfjcif;jzihf uREkfyfwkdY\ qE´&ruf
wdkYonf aojcif;tjzpfodkYa&mufí qkawmif;ywåemjyKjcif;jzihf b0topfudk &&Sdav
onf/ þ’kwd,b0udk t&SifjrwfxHawmfrS Asm’dwfpum;rsm;udk &&Sdjcif;jzifh odom
Edkif\/ þtqihfodkY a&muf&Sdjcif;udk t&SifjrwfESihfawGUqHkjcif;[kac:\/ wpfenf;qdk
aomf t&Sifjrwftm; zl;awGU&jcif;yifjzpf\/
þtqihfü xdkolonf t&SifjrwfESifh qufoG,faygif;pyfjcif;udk jzpfay:cdkifNrJ
apí? ,if;tm;jzihf t&Sifjrwftm; awGUjrifzl;awGU&ouJhodkY jzpfvmNyD;vQif pGrf;tm;
rsm;ay;jcif;cH&um? ol\tm½Hktm;vHk;ESifh twGif;pGrf;tm;rsm;onfvnf; awmufyvm
í rGefjrwfoefYpifaomb0\ cdkifcHhaomqGJtm;udk cHpm;&avonf/ þtqihfü t&Sif
jrwfonf olMunfhaomrsufpd? olajymaomyg;pyf? &efoltm;wdkufcdkufaom ol\vuf?
olMum;aomem;? olvrf;avQmufaom ajcjzpfívmavonf/ þtqihfudk rku©ygXf
awmftm;jzihf atmufygtwdkif; ñTef;qdkxm;avonf/
]]tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\vufawmfonf 4if;wdkY\ vufrsm;tay:ü &Sdawmfrl\}}

(48;11)
(48;11)/ xdkenf;wlpGm rdefYawmfrlxm;onfrSm-
]]ypfaomolonf toifr[kwf? tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf ypfawmfrlonfomjzpf\}}

(8;18)
(8;18)/ twdkcsKyfqdk&aomf þtqihfü t&SifjrwfESifh tjynfht0aygif;pyfrI&SdNyD;vQif
t&Sijf rwf\ jrwfaomtvdak wmfonf 0dnmOfut kd ESYH tpyfvrT ;f rd;k um ,cifu tm;enf;
csuf&SdcJhaom udk,fusihfw&m;pGrf;tm;onf awmifuJhodkY wnfNrJcdkifcefYvmNyD; qifjcif
wHkw&m;ESifh todÓPfrSmvnf; tvGefxufjrufí vmavonf/ þum; atmufyg
rku©ygXfawmf\ t"dyÜg,fyifjzpf\/
]]t&Sifjrwfonf olwdkYtm; rdrd\0dnmOfawmfjzihf tm;jznfhay;awmfrl\}}

(58;23)
(58;23)/ þtqihfü t&Sifjrwftm; cspfjcif;ESifh ysyf0yfjcif;vdIif;wHydk;t[kefonf
rnfrQjrihfrm;vmoenf;[lrl t&Sif\vufawmftwGuf toufpGefY&jcif;? t&SifhtwGuf
ra&rwGufEdkifatmif rsm;jym;aom ESdyfpufn§Of;yef;jcif;wkdYudkcH&jcif;? t&Sif\vrf;awmf
wGif rdrd\*kPfoa&udk pGefY&jcif;wkdYrSm olYtwGuf aumuf½dk;wpfyifudk ydkif;csdK;ouJh
okdY vG,fulvmavonf/ rnfoluqGJiifaeonfudkrodbJ olonf t&Sifjrwfbuf
awmfodkY qGJiifjcif;udkcH&avonf/ tuG,frSvufwpfckonf olYtm;o,fydk;vQuf&Sd\/
xkdYjyif t&Sifjrwf\ tvdkawmftwdkif; usihfaqmif&efrSm olYb0\ &nf&G,fcsufjzpf
vmavonf/ þtqihfü t&Sifjrwfonf tvGefeD;uyfíaeonf[k xif&avonf/
,if;tajctaeudk t&Sifjrwfonf þodkYrdefYawmfrlxm;\/
]]igt&Sifjrwfonf ol\vnfacsmif;aoG;aMumxufyif olESihfydkrdkeD;uyfpGm&Sd

aeawmfrl\}} (50;17)
(50;17)/
rSnhfaomopfoD;onf tyif\tudkif;rS tvdktavsmufa<uusouJhodkY xdk
tajctaewGif ol\,kdwfedrfhaom tquftoG,fwdkYonf olYxHrSjyKwfa<uíoGm;av
onf/ t&SifjrwfESifh ol\qufoG,frIonf euf½dIif;vmNyD;vQif olonf tm;vHk;aom
zefqif;cHt&mrsm;ESihfa0;uGmoGm;NyD; t&Sifjrwf\ Asm'dwfpum;? t&SifjrwfESihf pum;
tjyeftvSefajymjcif;wnf;[laom aumif;csD;awmfjzihf csD;ajr§mufjcif;cH&avonf/ þ
tqifhodkY a&mufEdkifaomtcGifhtvrf;wHcg;rsm;onf ,cifrsm;uJhokdY ,aeYwGifvnf;
us,f0ef;pGmzGihfxm;vQuf&SdNyD; t&Sifjrwf\ r[mu½kPmawmfonf twdwfuuJhodkYyif
&SmazGolwdkYtm; ,ckwdkifvnf; þaumif;csD;r*Fvmawmfudk ay;oem;awmfrlvQuf &Sd
avonf/ odkYaomf ,if;udk yg;pyfajym½Hkoufoufjzihf r&&SdEdkif/ þwHcg;udk tcsnf;
ESD;pum;? <um;0grIwdkYjzihf zGifhír&acs/ 4if;udk &SmazGolrsm;jym;\/ okdYaomf awGU&Sdol

um; tvGefyif enf;avonf/ tb,faMumifh þodkYjzpf&oenf;? taMumif;rl þ
tqifhodkYa&muf&ef ppfrSefaompdwftm;xufoefrIESifh ppfrSefaomtepfemcHrIwdkYonf
vdktyf\/ tajymoufoufrQjzifh rnfodkYrQtusdK;r&SdEdkif/ tjcm;olrsm; a&Smifajy;xGuf
cGmoGm;aom rD;awmufay:okdY opöm&Sd&Sdajccsjcif;onf þvrf;\ yxrvdktyfcsufjzpf
\/ <um;0grIonf rnfonfhtusdK;rQr&Sdacs/ vdktyfonfum; trSefwu,fvufawGU
pdwfygrI? pdwftm;xufoefrIyifjzpf\/ þtaMumif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í t&Sifjrwfonf
þokdYrdefYawmfrlxm;\/
]]igt&Sifjrwf\ aus;uRefrsm;onf igt&SifjrwfESifhpyfvsOf;í ar;jref;Mu

aomtcg? olwdkYtm; þokdYajzMum;ygav/ igt&Sifjrwfonf teD;üyif&Sdawmfrl\/
igt&SifjrwfxH qkawmif;ywåemjyKol\ qkawmif;udk igt&Sifjrwfonf wHkYjyefajz
Mum;awmfrl\/ okdYjzpf&m olwkdYonf awmif;qkywåemjyKjcif;jzifh igt&Sifjrwftm;
&SmazGMuukef? igt&Sifjrwftm; cdkifNrJpGm,HkMunfMuukef? okdYrSomvQif olwkdYonf
vrf;rSefokdYa&muf&SdMuayvdrfhwnf;}} (2;187)
(2;187)/
'kw,
d ar;cGe;f
aovGeNf y;D onfaU emuf vlom;\tajctae rnfo&hdk o
dS enf;
aovGefNyD;aemuf wrvGefü vlom;\tajctaeonf topfaomtajctae

wpfckr[kwfrlí? þb0&Sdol\ tajctaeonf aemifwrvGefb0ü ydkíMunfvifpGm
ay:vGifxif&Sm;vmjcif;yifjzpf\/ þb0ü vlwpfOD;\ ,HkMunfcsuf? usifhaqmifrIwkdY
ESihfpyfvsOf;aom tajctaeonf ajzmifhrSefaumif;rGefaom tajctaejzpfap? qdk;aom
tajctaejzpfap? rnfonht f ajctaerSerf qdk ol\twGi;f ü zH;k uG,v f Quf&cdS NhJ yD; ,if;\
tqdyfodkYr[kwf aq;onf olYtm;rxifr&Sm;omvQif tusdK;oufa&mufrI&SdcJhavonf/
aemifwrvGefwGifum; þodkYr[kwf t&mcyfodrf;wdkYonf vHk;0xif&Sm;pGm
ay:vGifvmrnfjzpf\/ 4if;\erlemudk tdrfrufwGifcHpm;&Edkif\/ cE¨mudk,f\ tajc
taeonf tdyfrufwGifay:vmwwfavonf/ vlwpfOD;onf tjyif;zsm;awmhrnfhtajc
tae&SdvQif tdyfrufxJwGif rD;awmufrD;vQHrsm;udk jrifrufvm\/ wkwfauG;a&m*godkY
r[kwf tvGeftat;rdawmhrnfh tajctaeü a&xJwGifarsmvQuf jrifrufwwf\/
odYk jzpf&m cE¨mud,
k \
f jzpfysufvmrnfth ajctaeudk tdyrf ufxw J iG f jrifawGU&avonf/
aemifwrvGefESifhpyfvsOf;í t&Sifjrwf\ enf;vrf;onfvnf; xdkenf;twdkif;yifjzpf
aMumif; em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifavonf/ tdyfrufonf uREfkyfwdkY\0dnmOfa&;&m
tajctaeudk ½kyfoP²meftjzpf ajymif;vJouJhodkY aemifwrvGefwGifvnf; tvm;wl
yifjzpfysufvdrhfrnfjzpf\/
uREfkyfwkdY\vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESifh ,if;wkdY\ &vm'ftusdK;qufwdkYonf aemif

wrvGefwGif oP²mefjzihf xif&Sm;ay:vGifvmrnfjzpfNyD;? þb0rS uREfkyfwdkY\ twGif;
wGif zHk;uG,fodk0Sufí o,faqmifoGm;aom t&mrSeforQonf aemifwrvGefwGif
uREfkyfwdkY\rsufESmü yGifhvif;xif&Sm;pGm ay:vGifvmrnfjzpfavonf/ vlwpfOD;onf
ol\tdyfrufrsm;ü trsdK;rsdK;aomxif&Sm;ay:vGifrIudk jrif&avonf/ odkYaomf 4if;
onf xif&Sm;ay:vGifjcif;rQomjzpfaMumif; owdrjyKrdbJ? trSefwu,f tppftrSef
tjzpf ,HkMunf,lqouJhodkY aemifwrvGefwGifvnf; xdkenf;wl jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
xkdokdYaomxif&Sm;ay:vGifjcif;rsm;tm;jzifh t&Sifjrwfonf rdrd\NyD;jynfhpHkaom wefcdk;
awmftopfwpfckudk jyawmfrlvdrfhrnf/ tu,fí uREfkyfwdkYonf aemifwrvGefb0\
tajctaersm;udk xif&Sm;ay:vGifvmjcif;[krac:bJ? 4if;wdkYonf t&Sifjrwfwefcdk;
awmfjzihf zefqif;aom zefqif;jcif;topfwpfck[kqdkaomfvnf; tjynfht0rSefuefay
vdrfhrnf/ t&Sifjrwfonf þodkYrdefYawmfrl\/
]]aumif;rIjyKaomol rnfolrQ? rdrdjyKusihfvQuf&SdcJhMuonfrsm;\ tusdK;qk

vmbftjzpf rnfonhfaumif;usdK;r*Fvmrsm; zHk;uG,fxm;&Sdonfudk rodacs}} (32;18)
(32;18)/
odkYjzpf&m t&Sifjrwfonf xdkcsrf;omokc aumif;csD;r*Fvmtm;vHk;wdkYudk zHk;uG,fxm;
&SdaMumif; azmfjyxm;ayonf/ ,if;ESifhwlnDaomt&mudk þavmuwGif rawGUEdkifacs?
þavmuD\ okccsrf;om aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;onf uREfkyfwdkYtwGuf vQdKU0Sufaom
t&mrsm;r[kwfonfrSm xif&Sm;avonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf EdkY? ovJoD;? pyspfoD;p
aom þavmuDwGif uREkfyfwdkYpm;oHk;aomt&mrsm;udk aumif;pGmod&SdMu\/ aemifwr
vGef\ aumif;usdK;okcrsm;onfum; wjcm;jzpfNyD; þavmuD\okccsrf;omrsm;ESifh
trnfrSwyg; obm0csif;vHk;0rwlMuacs/ *sEéwfokcbHk\ tajctaersm;udk þ
avmuDb0\ tajctaersm;tjzpf rSwf,lpGJydkufolum; usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefudk tenf;
i,frQ em;rvnfoljzpfavonf/
txufwGifazmfjycJhaom rku©ygXfawmftm; t"dyÜg,fzGihfqdk&mü uREfkyfwdkY\
ocifwrefawmfjrwf (tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ Nidrf;csrf;jcif;ESifh aumif;csD;r*Fvmtjzmjzm

wdkYonf ocifhtay: oufa&mufygap)u þavmuD\ okccsrf;omwkdYudk uREkfyf
wdkYjrifawGU&\/ 4if;wdkYESifhpyfvsOf;í okcbHkESifh ,if;\ okccsrf;omaumif;csD;r*Fvm
tjzmjzmwdkYudkum; rnfonfhrsufpdrQ rjrifbl;/ rnfonfhem;rQ rMum;bl;acs/ vlwdkY
\pdwfüvnf; pdwful;awG;qír&Edkifacs[k trdefY&Sdavonf/ okdYjzpf&m t&SifjrwfESifh
t&Sifjrwf\ wrefawmfu 4if;okcbHkESifhpyfvsOf;í rjrifbl;? rMum;bl;? xl;qef;aom
t&m[k azmfjyxm;ygvsuf þb0wGif uRJEGm;wkdYrS&&Sdaom EdkYukdyif okcbHkü aomuf
oHk;&efay;jcif;cH&rnf[k okcbHkü uRJEGm;wdkYrS&&SdaomEdkYudkyif okcbHkü aomufoHk;&ef
ay;jcif;cH&rnf[k okcbHkü uRJEGm;wd&pämefrsm; xm;&Sdonfhtvm;,lqvQif okcbHk\
opfyifrsm;ü rsm;jym;pGmaom ysm;tHkrsm; pGJvQuf&SdNyD; 4if;rS aumif;uifwrefrsm;u
ysm;&nfrsm;xkwf,lum prf;acsmif;rsm;twGif;okdY oGef;csrnf[k,lqvQif uREfkyfwdkYonf
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh vHk;0uif;uGmoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/ *sEéwfokcbHk\ csrf;omokcrsm;
udk þavmuDb0ü vHk;0uif;uGmoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/ *sEéwfokcbHk\ csrf;omokcrsm;udk
þavmuDb0ü vHk;0rawGUBuHKbl;/ 4if;wdkYonf 0dnmOfwdkYtm; vif;0if;apí? bk&m;
&Siftm; em;vnfap&ef taxmuftuljyKNyD;vQif 0dnmOfa&;&mtm[m&udk ay;onf[l
aom oGeo f ifcsuEf iS hf txufwiG af zmfjycJah om t,ltqwdYk onf qufpyfr&I ydS g\avm/
okcbHk\ aumif;usdK;csrf;omrsm;udk þ½kyfavmuqdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;jzihf azmfjy
xm;\/ odkYaomf 4if;wdkY\ t&if;cHZpfjrpfrSm 0dnmOfESifh ,if;0dnmOf\ajzmifhrwfrSef
uefjcif;yifjzpfaMumif; azmfjyxm;ayonf/
atmufwGifazmfjyxm;aom usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ rku©ygXfawmfonf *sEéwf
okcbHkwGif pHpm;&olrsm;rSm azmfjyygokccsrfomrsm;udk jrifawGU&aomtcg 4if;wdkYudk
,cifb0wGifvnf; ay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&aMumif; rSwfrdvdrfhrnfudk ñTef;onf[k r,lq&m/
]]ouf0if,HkMunfí vHk;0ajzmihfrwfrSefuefpGm usifhaqmifolrsm;tm; owif;

aumif;rsm;udk ay;ygav/ olwdkYonf atmufwGifjrpfrsm;pD;qif;aeaom O,smOfawmf
rsm;udk tarG&MuvwåH/ olwdkYonf avmuDb0ü jrnf;prf;cJhNyD;jzpfaom toD;rsm;
udk 4if;O,smOfawmfrsm;rS ay;tyfjcif;cH&aomtcg olwdkYonf þodkYqdkvdrfhrnf/ þ
t&mum; uREfkyfwdkYudk ,cifuay;cJhaom toD;rsm;jzpf\/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
xkdtoD;rsm;onf ,cifu 4if;wdkYjrnf;prf;bl;aom toD;rsm;ESihf wlaomaMumifhjzpf\}}
(2;26)
(2;26)/
þrku©ygXfawmf\ pum;vHk;toHk;tEIef;rsm;t&? *sEéwfokcbHk\ okccsrf;
omrsm;udk jrifMu&aomtcg? *sEéwfwGif aexdkifMuolrsm;onf 4if;okccsrf;omrsm;rSm
,cifb0u 4ifwdkYtm; ay;oem;jcif;cHcJh&aom okccsrf;omrsm;ESifh twlwljzpfonf
udk awGU&SdMurnf[k qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfay/ þodkY,lqvQif BuD;pGmaom trSm;jzpfNyD;
rku©ygXfawmf\ ppfrSefaom t"dyÜg,fESifhqefYusifvdrfhrnf/ þwGif BuD;us,fxGwf
jrwfawmfrlaom t&SifjrwfrdefYawmfrlonfum; ouf0if,HkMunfí ajzmifhrwfrSefuef
pGm usihfaqmifolrsm;onf *sEéwfokcbHkwpfckudk 4if;wdkYvufjzihf wnfaqmufjcif;
jzpf\/ 4if;okcbHk\opfyifrsm;um; olwdkY\ouf0if,HkMunfrIyifjzpfNyD;? 4if;\ prf;
acsmif;rsm;rSm olwkdY\ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaomusihfpOf vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;jzpf\/ 4if;
wdkYonf aemifwrvGefwGifvnf; þokcbHk\toD;rsm;udk pm;oHk;&rnfjzpfNyD; ,if;
toD;rsm;rSm ,cifuxufydkí csdKNyD;vQif ydkíodomxif&Sm;vmrnfjzpfavonf/
olwkdYonf xdktoD;rsm;udk 0dnmOfa&;&mt&? þavmuwGif pm;oHk;bl;cJho
jzihf aemifwrvGefwGifvnf; 4if;wdkYudkod&SdrSwfrdum þt&mrsm;onfum; igwkdYpm;
oHk;bl;NyD;jzpfaom toD;rsm;ESihfwlonf[k ajymqdkMuí 4if;toD;wkdYonf ,cifþ
avmuDb0ü olwkdYpm;oHk;bl;cJhaom toD;rsm;ESihfwlonfudk awGU&SdMu&vdrfhrnfjzpf\/
þrku©ygXfawmfonf t&Sifjrwftm; cspfjrwfEdk;ojzihf þb0wGif cHpm;cJh&
aom t&omudk aemifwrvGefwGif ½kyftoGifjzihf cHpm;Mu&rnfjzpfaMumif; &Sif;vif;
pGm qdkayonf/ olwdkYonf tcspf\0rf;ajrmufrIt&omudk þb0wGifcHpm;cJhMu&rnf
jzpfNyD; ,if;udk aemifwrvGefwGif owdjyKrSwfrdMurnfjzpf&m xkdtcsdefudk jyefvnf
owd&Muvdrfhrnfjzpf\/ xdktcsdefum; olwdkYonf avmuü&SdpOf jyefvnfowd&Mu

vdrfhrnfjzpf\/ xdktcsdefum; olwdkYonf avmuü&SdpOf rdrdwkdY\ppfrSefaom cspfjrwf
Edk;ol(t&Sifjrwf)tm; acsmifusaomae&mrsm;üvnf;aumif;? wpfudk,fwnf;wdwfqdwf
pGm aecsdefüvnf;aumif;? nOfh\tarSmifwGif;üvnf;aumif;? atmufarhwocJhMuí
4if;\0rf;ajrmufzG,f&mt&omudk awGUxdcHpm;cJh&aom tcsdefyifjzpf\/
twdkcsKyf&aomf rku©ygXfawmfwGif ½kyfj'yftaejzihf&Sdaom tpm;tpmudk azmf
jyxm;jcif;r&Sdacs/ þwGifar;&ef&Sd\/ ajzmihfrwfrSefuefolwkdYonf 0dnmOfa&;&mtm
[m&udk þavmuDb0ü&SdpOf ay;jcif;cH&rnf[kqdkxm;ojzihf 4if;aumif;usdK;csrf;om
onf avmuDü rnfolrQrjrifbl;aomt&m rMum;bl;aomt&mrjzpfEdkif? vlom;\pdwf
ü pdwful;ír&aomt&mvnf; rjzpfEdkif[k wpfpHkwpfOD;\pdwfü xifjriftHh? tajzum;
txufygazmfjycsufwGif a&SUaemuf rnDrnGwfaom 0da&m"d wpfpHkwpf&mr&Sdacs/
taMumif;rl þrku©ygXfawmfu *sEéwfokcbHkwGif aexdkifolrsm;rSm þavmu\
aumif;usdK;csrf;omrsm;udk ay;jcif;cH&rnf[k rqdkacs/ olwdkYtm; t&Sifjrwfay;oem;
awmfrlaom rnfonfhaumif;usdK;csrf;omrqdk aemifwrvGef\ aumif;usdK;csrf;om
rsm;omjzpfNyD; ,if;t&omudk cHpm;vdkpdwf xufoefapbdkY&eftvdkYiSm þb0ü 4if;
t&omudk erlemtNrD;tprf;tjzpf rSD0J&ef ay;tyfcH&jcif;jzpfavonf/
ESvHk;oGif;&rnfhtcsufwpfckrSm t&Sifjrwftm; tNrJemcH aMumuf&GHU½dk;usdK;ae
olonf þavmuESifhroufqdkifawmhacs/ xkdYaMumifh þavmuDurÇmu olYtm;
rkef;xm;jcif;jzpf\/ olonf aumif;uifokcbHkESifhomqdkifojzifh okcbHk\ aumif;usdK;
csrf;omrsm;udk ay;tyfjcif;cH&avonf/ avmuESifhqdkifol avmuDom;onf avmu\
aumif;usdK;csrf;omrsm;udk ay;jcif;cH&\/ avmukwå&mokcbHkESihf qdkifaomolonf
okcbHk\ aumif;usdK;csrf;omrsm;udk ay;jcif;cH&\/ odkYjzpf&m xdkokcbHkESihfqdkifaom
aumif;usdK;csrf;omrsm;rSm þavmuDudk wyfrufaomolwdkY\ pdwfESvHk;? rsufpdrsm;
rS zHk;uG,faeonfqdkonfrSm rSef\/ odkYaomf rdrd\ avmuDb0rSm aojcif;tjzpfodkY
a&mufoGm;um 0dnmOfa&;&mcGufrSm rSef\/ odkYaomf rdrd\avmuDb0rSm aojcif;
tjzpfodkYa&mufoGm;um 0dnmOfa&;&mcGufrS azsmf&nfudk ay;jcif;cH&olrSmum; aemif
wrvGefwGif xdktNrdKuf&nfudk xif&Sm;aom½kyftoGifjzihf aomufoHk;&rnfjzpf&m? xdk

tcgü ,cifavmuDb0ü&SdpOf xdkazsmf&nfudk aomufoHk;cJhbl;onfudk jyefvnfowd&
vdrfhrnfjzpf\/ odkY&mwGif avmu\rsufpd? em;wkdYonf 4if;udkrjrifrMum;bl;qdkonf
udk xdkolonf rSwf,lrnfrSmrSef\/ olonf þavmuDESifh rqdkifaomfvnf; þ
avmuü&SdaecJhojzifh okcbHk\aumif;usdK;csrf;omrsm;rSm avmuDESihfrqkdifaMumif;udk
vnf;aumif;? avmuü xdkodkYaom aumif;usdK;csrf;omrsm;udk rjrifrawGUcJh&aMumif;
udkvnf;aumif;? ol\em;üvnf; rMum;cJh&aMumif;udkvnf;aumif;? pdwfüvnf; pdwf
rul;cJhaMumif;udkvnf;aumif;? tcdkiftrmoufaojyKvdrfhrnfjzpf\/ olonf þavm
uDESifhrqdkifaom okcbHk\ xdkaumif;usdK;csrf;omrsm;\ erlemudk avmuDb0ü jrif
awGUcJh&jcif;jzpf\/ 4if;wdkYrSm þavmuD0ESifh roufqdkifbJ olESifhqufEG,faeaom
vmrnfhaemifwrvGefb0\ a&SUajy;erlemrsm;jzpfMuavonf/
aemifwrvGeEf iS phf yfvsOf;í uk&t

f mef\teuft"dyÜg,fo;kH &yf
,ckqufvufí&Sif;jyrnfh aemifwrvGefb0\ tajctaersm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif ta&;BuD;aomtcsufoHk;csuf azmfjyxm;onfudk owdjyK&ay
rnf/
yxrcsuf
aemifwrvGefb0onf topfr[kwf? 4if;\tm;vHk;aomyHkoP²mefxif&Sm;

vmjcif;rSm þrsufarSmufb0\ a&mifjyef[yfrIjzpfonf[k usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefu
txyfxyfqdkavonf/ Oyrmtm;jzihf usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif vm&Sdonfum;-
]]igt&Sifjrwfonf vlom;wdkif;\ jyKusifhrIrsm;udk ol\vnfyif;ü NrJNrHpGm

csnfxm;awmfrl\/ w&m;pD&ifrnfhaeYawmfBuD;ü igt&Sifjrwfonf 4if;(jyKusifhrI)rsm;udk
xif&Sm;apawmfrlí 4if;wdkYudk ol\a&SUarSmufü pmtkyftjzpfxm;awmfrlrnf/ 4if;pm

tkyfonf us,f0ef;pGmzGihfxm;onfudk olonf awGUjrif&vdrfhrnf}} (17;14)
(17;14)/ þrku©
ygXfawmfwGif iSuf[laompum;vHk;udk vlwdkY\ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;twGuf wifpm;í
oHk;xm;\/ taMumif;rl rnfonfhvkyfaqmifcsufrqdk aumif;onfjzpfap? qdk;onf
jzpfap? vkyfaqmifNyD;onfESihf csufjcif; iSufuJhodkYysHoef;oGm;í 4if;\vkyftm;odkYr
[kwf aysmf&Tif0rf;ajrmufrIonf qHk;cef;wdkifokdYa&mufNyD; ,if;\av;vHaom odkYr[kwf
ayghyg;aom cHpm;csuftrSwftom;omvQif pdwfESvHk;ü pGJusef&Sdaeavonf/
uk&ftmefucsrSwfaom pnf;rsOf;rlum; vlom;\vkyfaqmifcsufwdkif;onf
jyKvkyfoltay:ü 0SufuG,faomtrSwftom;udk wifusefapcJhNyD; xkdvkyfaqmifcsuf\
qdk;usdK;odkYr[kwf aumif;usdK;yg&Sdonfh t&Sifjrwf\ oifhawmfaom wHkYjyefrIudk qGJ
aqmifavonf/ 4if;\ trSwftom;onf vkyfaqmifol\ pdwfESvHk;ESifh rsufESm?
rsufpdrsm;? em;rsm;? vufrsm;ESifh ajcrsm;ay:wGif xGif;xkwHqdyf½dkufESdyfjcif;cH&av
onf/ þum; aemifwrvGefwGif xif&Sm;ay:vGifvmrnfh 0SufuG,faeaom rSwfwrf;
yifjzpf\/
aumif;uifbHkwGif aexdkifolrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í þokdYvm&Sd\/
]]xkdaeYwGif þavmuü zHkuG,faecJhaom ,HkMunfola,musfm;? rdef;rwdkY\

tvif;a&mifudk olwkdY\a&SUESifh olwdkY\ vuf,mbufwdkYwGif xif&Sm;pGmajy;vTm;í
aeonfudk oifonf awGUjrif&tHh}} (57;13)
(57;13)/ tjcm;wpfae&mwGif trSm;usL;vGefol
wdkYtm; þodkYrdefYxm;\/
]]avmuDpnf;pdrf OpömyGm;rsm;&ef avmbpdwfonf oifwkdYtm; ocØsKif;wGif;

okdY a&mufonfhwdkifatmif vSnfhpm;xm;\/ oifwkdY\ pdwfESvHk;rsm;udk avmuDtay:
ü rxm;&SdMuvifh/ oifwkdYwyfrufrI\ tusdK;rJhjcif;tjzpfudk oifwkdYrMumrD odvm
Muvdrfhrnf/ xyfrHíqdktHh? oifwdkYavmuDaemufodkY vdkufjcif;rSm rnfrQrSm;,Gif;aMumif;
udk oifwkdYrMumrDodvmMuvdrfhrnf/ tu,fí oifwkdY'd|trSefudk odMuacsu þ
avmuüyif i&Judk trSefyifjrifawGU&tHh/ odkYaomf oifwdkYonf 4if;udk oifwkdY\
tv,ftqifh (bm&fZmcf)ü {ueftrSef'd|pu©Kjzihf jrifawGU&tHh/ xkdYaemuf oifwkdY
onf w&m;pD&ifrnfhaeYawmfBuD;wGif ppfaMumar;jref;jcif; cH&vdrfhrnf/ xdkYjyifoif
wdkYonf tjypf'PfcH&rnfjzpfNyD; oifwkdYonf i&Judk oifwkdY\tawGUtBuHKtm;jzifh
odMuvdrfhrnf}} (102;2-9)
(102;2-9)/
todo;kH rsdK;
raumif;rIusL;vGefolwdkYtwGuf aemifb0i&Jonf rsufpdESifhrjrif&bJ þ

b0üyif tpjyKaMumif;ESifh olwdkYqifjcifpOf;pm;vQif olwdkYonf i&Judk þb0üyif
jrifawGUMu&rnfjzpfaMumif;udk t&Sifjrwfonf þrku©ygXfawmfrsm;ü &Sif;vif;pGm azmf
jyxm;ayonf/ þae&mwGif t&Sifjrwfonf oHk;rsdK;aomtodudk ñTef;qdkxm;awmfrl
\/ 4if;wdkYrSm usdK;aMumif;,kwådqifjcifjcif;jzifh 'dXtrSefudkodjcif;? tjriftm;jzihf
'd|trSefudkojcif;ESifh tawGUtBuHKtm;jzifh 'd|trSefudkodjcif;jzpfavonf/ 4if;udk
Oyrmtm;jzifh þodkYjyEdkif\/
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qdkonfudk ol\pdwfü od&Sdem;vnf\/ odkYjzpf&m rD;cdk;&Sdaomae&mü rD;vnf;&Sd&rnf
udk odavonf/ þum; usdK;aMumif;,kwådqifjcifjcif;jzifh 'd|trSefudkodjcif;jzpf\/
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tjriftm;jzihf 'd|trSefudkodjcif;jzpf\/ tu,fí olonf 4if;rD;xJodkY 0ifa&muf
Munfhygu tawGUtBuHKtm;jzihf 'd|trSefudkodjrifjcif;jzpfvdrfhrnf/
þrku©ygXfawmfrsm;wGif t&SifjrwfrdefYawmfrlonfum; i&J&Sdjcif;\ aocsm

aomtodudk usdK;aMumif;,kwådqifjcifwHkw&m;jzifh þb0üyif &&SdEdkif\/ tjriftm;
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&&SdrnfjzpfNyD; w&m;pD&ifrnfhaeYawmfBuD;udk qdkufa&mufaomtcgwGif cHpm;&aom
tawGUtBuHKtm;jzihf 'd|trSefudkodjcif;tjzpfodkY a&mufrnfwnf;/
tajctaeoH;k rsdK;
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udk &Sif;jyavonf/
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qufvufwdk;wufvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf xdkwdk;wufjcif;onf t&Sifjrwf\ aus;Zl;awmf
oufoufaMumifhomjzpfNyD;? vlom;\BudK;yrf;rIwpfpHkwpf&maMumifh r[kwfacs/
'kwd,rSm (bm&fZmcf)ac: Mum;umvtajctaeyifjzpfonf/ tm&ADbmom
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aomt&mudk ñTef;ayonf/ xdktajctaeonf yxrzefqif;jcif;ESihf &Sifjyefxajrmuf
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usqHk; bmompum;jzpfaMumif;? tm;vHk;aomtodynmtrsdK;rsdK;\ ZmpfjrpfjzpfaMumif;
bmompum;tm;vHk;\ rdcifjzpfaMumif;? xkdYjyif t&Sifjrwf\ Asm'dwfawmfrsm; ydkYcs
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bmompum;onf t&SifjrwfAsm'dwfawmf\ yxrOD;qHk;yv’ifjzpf\/ taMumif;rl

tm&ADbmompum;onf tpueOD;uyif t&SifjrwfxHawmfü&Sdaom? t&Sifjrwf\bm
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uk&ftmefudk tm&ADbmomjzifh csrSwfaomaMumifh jzpfavonf/
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EG,frI&SdrSomvQif 0dnmOfonf taumif;tqdk;wdkYudk jyKvkyfEdkifpGrf;&SdaomaMumifhjzpf\/
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jzpfapEdkif\/ odkYjzpf&m uREfkyfwdkY\tawGUtBuHKt& 0dnmOfonf cE¨mudk,frS uif;uGm
oGm;vQif vHk;0toHk;r0ifawmhaMumif; twdtusod&ayonf/
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aomf qifjcifwHkw&m;u xdkt,ltqudk raxmufcHacs/ udk,fcE¨mtenf;i,f rusef;

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t&mwkdYudk xdef;csKyfí rGefjrwfaom udk,fusihfw&m;t&nftcsif;rsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJ

jcif;r&Sdacsu? 4if;wkdYonf aemifwrvGefwGif t&G,fr&Sdaom tudkif;oHk;udkif;tjzpf
xif&Sm;ay:vGifvmNyD;vQif t&dyfudkvnf;ray;Edkif? rD;rSvnf; umuG,frIudkay;Edkifrnf
r[kwfojzifh xdkolwdkYonf rD;awmufrD;vQH\ 0g;rsdKjcif;udk cHMu&ayrnf/ xdktajc
taeESihf qefYusifbufjzpfaom okcbHkom;wkdYESihfpyfvsOf;í t&Sifjrwfonf þodkY
rdefYawmfrl\/
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rdef;rwdkYonf tvif;a&mifjcnfonf olwdkY\a&SUüvnf;aumif;? olwdkY\vuf,mbuf
rsm;üvnf;aumif; ajy;vQuf&Sdonfudk toifawGUjrif&vwåH}}(57;13)/
tjcm;rku©ygXfawmfwpfckwGif vm&SdjyefonfrSm-
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rJvdrfhrnf/}} (3;107)/ wwd,rku©ygXfawmfwGif yg&SdonfrSm -
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onfum; a&rykyfaomjrpfrsm;? t&omajymif;vJoGm;jcif;r&Sdaom EkdYrsm;&Sdonfhjrpfrsm;?
rrl;r,pfapbJ aomufoHk;olwdkYtm; pdwåokcudkay;aom oyspf&nfjzpfNyD; onfjrpf

rsm;? roefYpifrIryg oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom ysm;&nfjzihf jynfhaomjrpfrsm;&Sdonfh O,smOf
BuD;yrmjzpf\}} (47;16)/
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tqHk;r&Sdonfh acsmif;rsm;&Sdonfhae&mtvm; oabmaygufem;vnf&ef Oyrmaqmif
wifpm;í &Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyxm;ayonf/
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touf\a&onf aemifwrvGefwGif xif&Sm;ay:vGifvmí rsufpdjzihfjrif&ayrnf/
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udk okcbHkwGif ½kyftaejzifh jrifawGU&vdrfhrnf/ þb0wGif xdkoltm; cspfjcif;wnf;[l
aom oyspf&nfonf aemifwrvGefwGif jrpfrsm;toGifjzihf ay:vGifvmvdrfhrnf/
0dnmOfa&;&mem;vnfrI&Sdaom olwpfOD;\ þb0wGif 0dnmOfa&;&mt& aomufoHk;
rsdKcscJhaom ,HkMunfrI\ csdKjrjcif;ysm;&nfonf rdrd\O,smOfrsm;ESihf jrpfrsm;t& rdrd\
0dnmOfa&;&mtajctaeudk xif&Sm;pGmjyMuvdrfhrnf/ twdkcsKyfqdk&aomf 0dnmOfa&;&m
tajctaet&yf&yfonf aemifwrvGefwGif zHk;uG,faernfr[kwf[lí 4if;udk ½kyfudk,f
taejzihf jrifawGU&jcif;jzihf odomxif&Sm;vmvdrfhrnfenf;/
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vuf,mbufrsm;ü vnf;aumif; ajy;vdrfhrnf/ olwdkYonf þodkYavQmufxm;qkyefMu
vdrfhrnf/ tdk.. uRefawmfwkdYtm; zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrlaomt&Sif uRefawmfrsdK;wdkY\
tvif;udk uRefawmfrsdK;wdkYtwGuf jynfhpHkapawmfrlí uRefawmfrsdK;wdkYtm; t&Sif\
u½kPmawmfjzifh vTrf;NcHKawmfrlyg/ trSefyift&Sifonf t&mcyfodrf;wdkYtay:ü wef
cdk;BuD;awmfrlyg\}}(66;9)/ rdrdwdkY\tvif;a&mifudk jynfhpHkapawmfrlyg[k olwkdY\qkyef
jcif;onf tuefYtowfr&Sdao wdk;wufrIudk ñTef;vQuf&Sdayonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm
olwdkYonf xGef;vif;jcif;tqihfwpfckodkY a&muf&Sdaomtcg a&SUwGif xdkxufjrifhaom
tqihfwpfck&Sdonfudk jrif&rnfjzpfNyD; vuf&Sda&muf&SdaeaomtqihfrSm xkdxufedrfhonf
[k rSwf,lMuNyD;vQif xdkxufjrihfrm;aom tqihfodkYa&muf&Sdatmif avQmufxm;qkyef
Muvdrfhrnf/ xdktqihfodkY a&muf&Sdjyefaomtcg wpfzef xdkxufjrihfrm;aom wwd,
tqihfudk a&SUwGifodjrif? jrifawGU&NyD; xdktqihfokdYa&muf&Sd&ef qkyefMuvdrfhrnf/ okdY
jzpf&m tNrJrjywf wdk;wufrItwGuf xdktqifhodkYa&muf&Sd&ef qkyefMuvdrfhrnf/ odkY
jzpf&m tNrJrjywfwdk;wufrItwGuf olwkdY\wrf;wjcif;udk ]]tdk...t&Sifjrwf uRefawmf
rsdK;wkdY\ tvif;a&mifudk jynfhpHkapawmfrlyg}}[laom avQmufxm;qkyefjcif;u ñTef;
vsuf&Sdayonf/ tcsKyftm;jzihfqdk&aomf þatmifjrifwdk;wufrI\ uGif;qufonf
tqHk;r&Sdqufvuf&Sdaeayvdrfhrnf/ ukefcrf;qkwf,kwfrI&Sdrnfr[kwf? olwkdYonfvnf;
okcbHkrSESifxkwfjcif; cHMu&rnfr[kwfbJ aeYpOfESihftrQ a&SUokdYom wdk;wufavQmuf
vSrf;vQuf &SdMuayvdrfhrnfjzpf\/
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olwkdY\ tjypfrsm;onfvnf; cGihfvTwfjcif; cHMu&rnfjzpf&m? tjypfrSvTwf&eftwGuf
aemufxyfqyk ef&ef tb,frmS vsif vdak wmhrnfenf;/ þar;cGe;f \tajzum; rm*f&mwf
(cGihfvTwfjcif;udk &SmazGjcif;)\ ppfrSefaomt"dyÜg,frSm jynfhpHkrIr&Sd? cRwf,Gif;csuf&Sdaom
tajctaeudk yaysmufap&efESihf zHk;tkyf&efjzpfayonf/ odkYjzpf&m okcbHkwGif aexdkif
olrsm;onf jynfhpHkjcif;udk&&Sd&efESihf tvif;ü vHk;vHk;BuD;epfjrKyfjcif;tajctaeudk &&Sd
&ef qkyefí aeMuvdrfhrnfjzpf\/ ydkrdkjrifhrm;aom tajctaeudk jrifawGU&aomtcg
yaysmufatmifvkyfvdkaom qE´&SdMuvdrfhrnf/ xkdYaemuf wpfzef xdkxufjrihfjrm;aom

tqifhudkjrifawGU&jyef&m? olwkdY\edrfhusaom rm*fzD&mwfudk tNrJqufvufqkyefaeMu
vdrfhrnfjzpf\/ þrm*fzD&mwfodkYr[kwf tdpfwD*fzm&ftwGuf qkyefjcif;udk wrefawmf
jrwf (tv’m[f\ Nidrf;csrf;jcif;ESifh aumif;csD;r*Fvmawmfrsm;onf ocifhtay:ouf
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,ckavmufqdkvQif rm*fzD&mwfudk vdkvm;awmif;wjcif;onf vlom;twGuf *kPf,l
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udk rdrd\tavhtxtjzpf rjyKvkyfolonf ydk;wHk;vHk;owå0gjzpfNyD; vlr[kwfacs/ ol
onf rsufrjriftuef;jzpfNyD; oefY&Sif;rIr&Sdol? pifMu,frIr&Sdoljzpfavonf/
tcsKyftm;jzihf usrf;jrwfuk&ftmeft& i&JESihfokcbHkESpfckpvHk;onf vlwpfOD;
tzdkY rdrdb0\ a&mifjyef[yfrIjzpfNyD; jyifyrSvmaom topftqef;t&mwpfckr[kwf
acs/ aemifwrvGefwGif 4if;wdkYonf ½kyfoP²meftm;jzihf xif&Sm;vmrnfrSmrSef\/
okdYaomf 4if;wdkYrSm tjcm;oD;oefYt&mwpfckr[kwfrlí þavmuDb0\ 0dnmOfa&;&m
tajctaersm; a&mifjyef[yfrIomjzpfvdrfhrnf/ okcbHkudk ½kyfj'yf&Sdaom opfyifrsm;&Sd&m
tjzpfvnf;aumif;? i&Judk,rf;pdrf;? uefYponfwdkYjynfhESufaeaom ae&mtjzpfvnf;
aumif;? uREfkyfwdkYrrSwf,lacs/ tpövmrfw&m;awmft& okcbHkESihf i&J[lonfum;
wpfOD;wpfa,muf\ þavmuDüjyKrlcJhaom jyKusihfrIrsm;\ a&mifjyef[yfrIrsm;omjzpf
ownf;/
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rdrdwkdY\b0twGuf &nf&G,fcsuftrsdK;rsdK; csrSwfMuNyD; avmuDa&;&myef;wdkifESihf &nf
rSef;csufrsm;üom tm½Hkxm;Muavonf/ odkYaomf vlom;twGuf t&SifjrwfcsrSwf
xm;aom &nf&G,fcsufum; usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif þodkYvm&Sd\
]]igt&Sifjrwfonf vlom;ESihf *sifwdkYudk ightm;od&efESihf ightm;0wfjyK&ef

zefqif;xm;awmfrl\}} (51;57)/ okdYjzpf&m vlYb0(0g)vljzpfjcif;\ppfrSefaom &nf
&G,fcsufrSm tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftm; udk;uG,fqnf;uyf&ef? t&Sifhtm;odí t&Sifhtvdk
twdkif; tjynfht0vdkufem&ef jzpfavonf/
xif&Sm;odomaom tcsufwpfckrSm vlom;onf rdrdb0\ &nf&G,fcsufudk
rdrdudk,fwdkifowfrSwfEdkifaom taetxm;r&Sdacs/ taMumif;rlum; olonf þb0odkY
rdrdoabmtavQmuf vma&mufcJhonfr[kwf? xdkYtwl þb0rSvnf; rdrdoabmt
wdkif; cGJcGmíroGm;Edkifacs/ olonf tzefqif;cHowå0gjzpfNyD; olYtm;zefqif;awmfrlí
tjcm;wd&pämefrsm;xuf ydkrdkxl;jrwfaom owådt&nftcsif;rsm; ay;oem;awmfrlxm;
aom zefqif;olt&Sifonfyif ,if;\b0twGuf &nf&G,fcsufudkvnf; owfrSwf
xm;awmfrl\/ rnfolrqdk þtcsufudk xGif;azmufem;vnfrI&Sdonfjzpfap? r&Sdonf
jzpfap? vlom;tm;zefqif;jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm oHo,r&Sd t&Sifjrwftm;udk;uG,f

&ef od&Sdem;vnf&efESihf t&Sifjrwf\ tvdkawmftwdkif; tjynfht0vdkufem&efjzpf\/
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ tjcm;wpfae&mwGif t&Sifjrwfonf þokdYrefYawmfrlxm;\/
]]t&Sifjrwftm; tppftrSefodjcif; todynmudkay;í xkdt&Siftm; tppftrSef

udk;uG,frIudkjyXmef;aombmomonfum; tpövmrfyifjzpf\}} (3;20)/ ]]tpövmrfonf
vlom;\obm0ü yifudk,fuyifyg&SdNyD; vlom;onf tpövmrfESihftnD zefqif;jcif;
cH&\/ ,if;onf tNrJxm0&wnfrnfh omoemjzpf\}} (30;31)
qdkvdkonfrSm t&Sifjrwftvdkawmf&Sdonfum; vom;onf rdrd\pGrf;tm;
t&nftcsif;tm;vHk;wdkYjzihf t&Sifjrwftm; udk;uG,fjcif;? trdefYawmfrsm;udk emcHjcif;ESihf
t&Sifhtm;cspfjrwfEdk;jcif;ü rdrdudk,frdrd ay;tyf&rnfjzpf\/ xdkYaMumihfyif t&Sifjrwf
onf tpövmrftwGuf oihfavsmfaom t&nftcsif;rsm;tm;vHk;udk xkdvlom;tm;
ay;oem;awmfrlxm;jcif;jzpf\/
þrku©ygXfawmfrsm;\ t"dyÜg,frSm rsm;pGmus,fjyefY\/ 4if;wdkY\ t"dyÜg,f
wpfpdwfwpfa'oudk yxrar;cGef;\tajz wwd,ydkif;wGif azmfjycJhNyD;jzpf\/ þae&m
wGif tusOf;csHK;í azmfjyvdkonfrSm vlom;tm; ay;oem;awmfrlxm;aom twGif;
tjyif udk,fcE¨mtpdwftydkif;rsm;ESihf pGrf;&nfowåd\ ppfrSefaom &nf&G,fcsufrSm
t&Sifjrwftkm;od&ef? t&Sifjrwftm; udk;uG,f&efESihf cspfjrwfEdk;&efjzpf\/ odkYjzpf&m
vlom;onf þavmuDb0wGif rsm;pGmaom &nf&G,fcsufpDrHudef;rsm;ü epfjrKyfae
aomfvnf; olonf t&SifjrwfxHawmfrSwpfyg; tjcm;ü ol\ppfrSefaom okccsrf;om
udk rawGU&SdEdkif? ypönf;OpömtvGef<u,f0csrf;omjcif;? &mxl;BuD;jrifhjcif;? ukefonfBuD;
wpfOD;jzpfvmjcif;? ponfwkdYjzpfapumrl aemufqHk;ü 4if;t&mtm;vHk;udk BuD;pGmaom
0rf;enf;jcif;jzihf pGefYcGmMu&avonf/ ol\pdwfESvHk;u olYtm; þavmuta&;udpö

wkdYü vHk;0epfrGef;rIaMumifh tNrJtjypfwif\/ xdkYjyifol\ tqdk;taumif;odaompdwf
uvnf; ol\aumufuspfpOf;vJjcif;? vSnfhzsm;jcif;ESifh rw&m;rIrsm;udk vHk;0vufrcH
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4if;rSm t&mcyfodrf;wkdY\ &nf&G,fcsufudk 4if;wdkY\ tjrihfqHk;pGrf;aqmifjyKusihfEdkifrI
ESihf ydkif;jzwf&ayrnf/ ,if;xufausmfvGefí 4if;\pGrf;&nfowådonf rpGrf;aqmifEdkif
acs? Oyrmtm;jzihf EGm;wpfaumif\ tjrihfqHk;pGrf;aqmifEdkifrIrSm v,fxGefjcif;? a&qJG
jcif;? 0efwifjcif;jzpf\/ 4if;pGrf;&nfowådonf tjcm;aomt&mrsm;udk rpGrf;aqmif
Edkifacs/ odkYjzpf&m EGm;b0\&nf&G,fcsufonf þoHk;ckaomt&momjzpf\/ ,if;ü
tjcm; rnfonhft&mudkrQ pGrf;aqmifEdkifaom owådr&Sdacs/
okdYaomf vlom;\pGrf;&nfowådrsm;udk qef;ppfMunfh½Ií 4if;wdkYa&mufEdkifaom
tjrihfqHk;udk BudK;pm;&SmazGMunhfvQif olonf jrihfjrwfqHk;jzpfawmfrlaom xm0&bk&m;
&Sif? t&Sifjrwfudk &SmazGaMumif;? awGU&Sd&avonf/ olonf t&Sifjrwftm; tvGef
cspfjrwfEdk;ysyf0yfvdkaomtjzpfodkY a&mufvdkay&m? rnfonfudkrQ rdrd\udk,fydkiftjzpf
rxm;vdk/ ol\t&mtm;vHk;wdkYudk t&Sifjrwf\ ydkifqdkif&mtjzpf vdkvm;avonf/
olonf pm;jcif;? tdyfjcif; ponfhobm0qE´rsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;írl tjcm;aomwd&pämef
rsm;enf;wl jzpfavonf/ twwfynmü tcsdKUaomwd&pämefrsm;onf vlxufyifom
vGefMu\/ ysm;onf yef;trsdK;rsdK;rS 0wf&nfudkpkwf,lí tvGefaumif;rGefaomysm;&nf
udk xkwfvkyf&m vlonf ,if;ysm;wkdYtm; ,ckwdkifr,SOfEdkifao;acs/ okdYjzpfí odom
xif&Sm;onfum; vlom;pGrf;&nfowåd\ tjrihfqHk;a&mufEdkifrIrSm jrihfjrwfaom t&Sif
jrwftm; awGUqHkjcif;yifjzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh vlom;b0\ tppftrSef&nf&G,fcsufum;
ol\ pdwfESvHk;jywif;wHcg;udk t&Sifjrwf\ bufawmfodkY zGihfíxm;tyfjcif;jzpfav
onf/
vlom;\&nf&, G cf sufukd &&Srd nfeh nf;vrf;rsm;
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vlom;onf rnfonfhenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh t&Sifjrwfudk awGU&SdEdkifrnfenf;/ þ&nfrSef;
csufudk &&SdEdkifrnfh yxrOD;qHk;enf;vrf;rsm;rSm wefcdk;awmfESihf jynfhpHkawmfrlaom

t&Sifjrwfudk tppftrSefod&efESihf ppfrSefaom bk&m;ocifudk ouf0if,HkMunf&efjzpf
\/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf yxrtqihfajcvSrf;onf rrSefuefygu? Oyrmtm;jzifh
wpfO;D wpfa,mufonf iSuo f Ykd r[kwf wd&pämefoYdk r[kwf "mwfrsm;odYk r[kwf tjcm;t&m
wpfcck u
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onf ½dk;om;aompdwfjzihf rdrdtm;&SmazGoludk ulnD\/ aoaeaombk&m;onf aool
wdkYtm; todkYvQif ulnDEdkifrnfenf;? þtaMumif;ESihfpyfvsOf;í t&Sifjrwfonf tvGef
aumif;rGefaomyrmudkaqmif;í þodkYrdefYawmfrl\/
]]ppfrSefaomqkawmif;ywåemudk t&SifjrwfxHawmfüomvQif jyKxdkufay\/

taMumif;aomfum; t&Sifjrwfonf cyfodrf;aomt&mtm;vHk;wkdYtay:wGif wefcdk;
tmPmvTrf;rdk;awmfrl\/ t&SifjrwfrSwyg; olwdkYqkawmif;woMuaom tjcm;t&m
rsm;onf olwkdYtm; vHk;0ajzMum;jcif;rjyKMuacs/ olwdkY\ tajctaeonf rdrdvuf
udk a&&Sd&modkYqefYí rdrd\yg;pyfxJodkY a&a&muf&Sd&efvdkvm;olESihf wl\/ odkYaomf
a&onf yg;pyfxJodkY a&mufrvmacs/ ppfrSefaom bk&m;t&Sifjrwfudk rodolwkdY\
qkawmif;ywåemjyKjcif;onf wvGJomjzpfav\}} (13;15)
(13;15)/
'kwd,enf;vrf;rSm t&Sifjrwf\ NyD;jynfhpHkaomtvSudk od&Sd&efjzpf\/ t
aMumif;rl tvSonf obm0tm;jzihf vl\pdwfudkqGJí tcspfudkEdI;\/ t&Sifjrwf\
tvSonf t&Sifwpfyg;wnf;&Sdjcif;? t&Sif\BuD;us,fjcif;? t&Sif\bkef;usufoa&ESifh
tjcm;aom*kPfawmfrsm;yifjzpf\/ xkdtcsufESihfpyfvsOf;í usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif þ

okdYvm&Sd\/
]]t&Sifjrwfonf rdrd\ wnf&Sdjcif;üvnf;aumif;? rdrd\*kPfawmfrsm;üvnf;

aumif;? rdrd\wefcdk;tmEkabmfüvnf;aumif;? wpfyg;wnf;jzpfawmfrl\/ t&Sifjrwfü
wGJbufolr&Sdacs/ cyfodrf;aomt&mwkdYudk toufay;awmfrl\/ t&Sifjrwfonf t&m
cyfodrf;twGuf aus;Zl;jyK&mt&if;tjrpf jzpfawmfrlí t&Sifjrwfonf rnfolYxHurQ
aus;Zl;jyKjcif;udkcH&ef rvdktyfacs/ t&Sifjrwfonf om;vnf;r[kwf? tzvnf;r[kwf?
taMumif;rl t&SifjrwfESihf nDrQolr&Sd? rnfolrQ t&SifjrwfESihfrwlacs}} (112;2-5)
(112;2-5)/
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rl\/ xdkYjyif arSmifrJí t&mcyfodrf;wdkYudk 4if;tarSmifxkjzihf zHk;tyfaomnOfhudkvnf;
aumif; igoufaoxlawmfrl\/ xdkYjyif rdk;aumif;uifESihf 4if;rdk;aumif;uifudk zef
qif;jcif;taMumif;&if;tm;jzihfvnf;aumif; oufaoxlawmfrl\/ xdkYjyif yx0DajrESihf
4if;udk Murf;jyifuJhodkYjzefYcif;xm;onfh taMumif;&if;tm;jzihfvnf;aumif; oufaoxl
awmfrl\/ xdkYjyif vlom;\0dnmOfESihf 4if;udk þtjcm;aomt&mtm;vHk;ESihf nDrQ
atmif jyKvkyfay;aom xdk0dnmOf\ t&nftcsif;tm;jzihfvnf;aumif; oufaoxl
awmfrl\/ qdkvdkonfrSm tjcm;aomt&m0w¦Krsm;wGif jyefYusJawGU&Sd&onfh azmfjyyg
t&nftcsif;rsm;tm;vHk;wkdYonf NyD;jynfhpHkaomvlom;\ 0dnmOfxJwGif yg&Sdavonf/
þt&m0w¦Krsm;onf vlom;tm; trsdK;rsdK;aomenf;jzihf aumif;usdK;jyKojzihf NyD;jynfh
pHkaomvlom;onf xdktusdK;jyKvkyfief;tm;vHk;wkdYudk oludk,fwdkifaqmif&Gufavonf/
xdkYaemuf t&SifjrwfrdefYawmfrlonfrSm rdrd\0dnmOfudk pifMu,fatmif jyKvkyf
aomolonf aojcif;rSveG af jrmufí u,fwifjcif;udck &H vdrrhf nf/ qdv k okd nfrmS olonf
t&Sifjrwftm; jrwfEdk;ysyf0yfaompdwfjzihf ae? v? urÇmajrwdkYuJhokdY t&Sifjrwfzefqif;
xm;awmfrlaom owå0gwkdYudk aumif;usdK;jyKavonf/ rSwfom;&efrSm þae&mwGif
aojcif;rSvGwfajrmufrnf[k qdkxm;ayonf/ aojcif;rSvGwfajrmufjcif;onf touf

&Sifjcif;udk &&Sdjcif;jzpf\/ xdktouft&Sifjcif;um; aumif;jrwfjcif;ESihf jynfhpHkonfh
NyD;jynfhpHkoltm; ay;rnfjzpfaom xm0&touf&Sifjcif;udk qdkvdkayonf/ þtcsuf
onf Oya'rsm;udkvdkufemjcif;\tusdK;rSm aemifwrvGef\ xm0&touf&Sifjcif;jzpf
aMumif;udk ñTef;avonf/ xdktouf&Sifjcif;onf t&Sifjrwftm; jrifawGU&jcif;tm;
jzihf xm0&wnfwefYaernfjzpf\/ xdkYaemuf rdefYqdkxm;onfrSm rdrd\pdwf0dnmOfudk
azmufjyefrSm;,Gif;apNyD;? t&nftcsif;rsm; &,l&efoifhavsmfaom pGrf;tm;rsm;ay;xm;
ygvQuf xdkt&nftcsif;rsm;udk &,ljcif;r&SdbJ rpifMu,faomb0jzifh aexdkifcJhNyD;
aemuf jyefoGm;olonf ysufpD;&rnfjzpfNyD; xm0&touf&Sifjcif;udkvnf; &&Sd&efarQmf
vihfcsufr&Sdacs/
4if;udk tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ ukvm;tkyfrtjzpftysufjzihf yrmaqmifí azmf
jyxm;ayonf/ prl;'fvlrsdK;teuf ,kwfnHholwpfOD;u xdkukvm;tkyfr 'l;aumufaMum
udk ckwfjzwfí prf;rSa&udkraomuf&ef wm;qD;ydwfyifcJhavonf/ ñTef;qdkonfum;
vl\0dnmOfonf t&SifjrwfpD;awmfrlaom ukvm;tkyfrjzpf\/ qdkvdkonfrSm vl\pdwf
ESvHk;onf t&Sifjrwf\ *kPfusufoa&rsm; xifay:&mae&mjzpfavonf/ xkdukvm;
tkyfr\ touf&Sif&mjzpfaom a&onf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk cspfjcif;ESihfodjcif;yif
jzpf\/ prl;'fvlrsdK;wdkYonf ukvm;tkyfr\'l;aumufaMumudk jzwfawmufypfNyD; a&
raomuf&atmif wm;qD;Muaomtcg olwdkYonf t&Sifjrwf\ jypf'PfudkcHMu&\/
4if;wdkYtm; rSDqdkolrsm; rnfokdY&Sdonfudkyif t&Sifjrwfonf ta&;rljcif;r&SdcJhacs/ þ
okdYjzihf rdrd\0dnmOftm; azmufjyefysufpD;apí xdk0dnmOftm; 0dnmOfa&;tm[m&jznfh
rIudk wm;qD;ydwfyifNyD; wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;rIjyK&ef rvdkvm;olonf ysufpD;rnfomwnf;
(91;2-16)/
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefygusdefqdkjcif;rsm;\eufeJaomoabm
t&Sifjrwfonf ae? vponfwkdYudk oufaoxlawmfrl&mü av;eufaom

t"dygÜ ,foabmyg&Sad vonf/ tpövmrfuq kd efYusifot

l csdKUonf rodem;rvnfMuojzihf
rdrdzefqif;xm;awmfrlaom t&mrsm;tm;jzihf t&Sifjrwfoufaoxlawfmrljcif;udk a0zef
tjypfajymMu\/ olwkdYü urÇmavmuESihfqdkifaom twwfynmom&Sdí aumif;uifbHk
ESihfqdkifaom todynmr&SdMu&um;? ppfrSefaomtwGif;oabmudk em;rvnfMuacs/
usdefqdkrIwpfckckudkjyK&mü &nf&G,fcsufrSm usdefqdkolonf rdrd\ ajymqdkcsufrSefuef
aMumif;udk oufaoxl&ef axmufcHcsufwpfckckudk wifjyjcif;jzpf\/ rdrd\tqkdt
wGuf tjcm;oufaor&Sdaomtcg tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk oufaoxlavonf/ t
aMumif;rlum; t&Sifjrwfonf zHk;uG,fvQdKU0Sufaom t&mrsm;udkodawmfrlí tjiif;yGm;
rI trItcif;rSeforQwkdYü taumif;qHk;oufaojzpfaomaMumifhwnf;/ xdkodkYaomol
onf t&Sifjrwftrnfjzihf usdefqdkí t&Sifjrwftm; oufaoxlavonf/ þokdYusdef
qdkNyD;aemufwGif xdkolonf t&Sifjrwf\ jypf'Pfroifhygu ol\tqkdrSefuefaMumif;
ESihf xdkodkYrSefuefaMumif;udk t&Sifjrwfu twnfjyKaMumif; cdkifrmaomtaxuftxm;
jzpfavonf/
okdYjzpf&m vlom;wpfOD;wpfa,muftzdkY t&Sifjrwfzefqif;xm;aom zefqif;cH
t&mwpfckckjzihf usdefqdk&ef cGihfjyKcsufr&Sdacs/ taMumif;rl zefqif;cHrnfonhft&mrS
rjrif&? zHk;uG,faomt&mrsm;udk rodjrifaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ xdkYjyif rrSefruefusdef
qdkoludkvnf; zefqif;cHt&mrsm;onf tjypfay;EdkifpGrf;r&Sdacs/
þrku©ygXfawmfrsm;wGif t&Sifjrwfonf trsdK;rsdK;aomt&mwdkYudk oufaoxl
usdefqdkawmfrl&mü vlom;wpfOD;\ usdefqdkjcif;ESihfrwl jcm;em;avonf/ t&Sifjrwf\
xif&Sm;apjcif;ü oabmobm0tm;jzifh ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm;&Sdavonf/ yxrwpfrsdK;rSm vG,f
ul&Sif;vif;pGm odjrifEdkifNyD; 0d0g'uGJjym; tjiif;yGm;p&mryg&Sdacs/ 'kwd,trsdK;tpm;rSm
rl tusdK;taMumif;qifjcifNyD;rS od&aom oabm&Sdojzihf ,if;ESihfpyfvsOf;í vlrsm;
oabmt,ltquGJuGJMuNyD; trSm;twGif;odkY usa&mufEdkifavonf/ odomxif&Sm;
aomt&mrsm;udk oufaoxlusdefqdkjcif;ü t&Sifjrwf\&nf&G,fcsufrSm 4if;wkdYudk ouf
aotaxmuftxm;jyKí tusdK;taMumif;qifjcifpOf;pm;NyD;rS od&aomt&mrsm;udk tcdik f
trmxif&Sm;ap&efjzpfavonf/
ae? v? aeY? n? aumif;uif? ajrBuD;wkdYonf yxrtrsdK;tpm;wGifyg0ifNyD;

,if;wkdYü&Sdaom oufqdkif&m*kPfowåd? 0daoovu©Pmrsm;udkvnf; tvG,fwul
odjrifEikd af Mumif; azmfjycJNh yD;jzpfayonf/ odYk aomf vl\0dnmOfü&SaD om 0daoooabmudk
vlwdkif;odMuonfr[kwfacs/ odkYjzpf&m t&Sifjrwfonf rdrd\ usdK;aMumif;qifjcifNyD;rS
od&aom oabmobm0rsm;udk &Sif;jyawmfrl&eftwGuf rdrd\odomxif&Sm;aomt&m
rsm;udk oufaotjzpf xlawmfrljcif;jzpfavonf/
t&SifjrwfþodkYrdefYqdkawmfrlvdkjcif;jzpf\/ toifwkdYonf vl\0dnmOfüxnfh
oGif;xm;&Sdaom pGrf;&nfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í oHo,&SdvQif þpGrf;&nfrsm;udk odomxif
&Sm;pGmydkifqdkifaom ae? vESihf tjcm;azmfjyxm;aomt&mrsm;udk qifjcifpOf;pm;avmh
[líjzpfavonf/ vlonf pMum0Vm\ oabmobm0yg&Sd&m? pMu0Vm\ erlem
yHpk iH ,fjzpfayonf/ pMu0Vmü&Sad om BuD;rm;aom t&m0w¦KBuD;rsm;rSm þt&nftcsif;
pGrf;&nfrsm;&SdMuNyD; bk&m;&Sifzefqif;xm;aom owå0gwdkYtm; tusdK;jyKvsuf&SdaMumif;
xif&Sm;aeay&m? xdkt&m0w¬Krsm;xuf tqihfjrihfaomvlü xkdt&nftcsif;pGrf;&nfrsm;
onf tb,frSmvQif r&SdbJaeEdkiftHhenf;/ xdkokdYr[kwfacs/ vlü aerif;uJhodkYtvif;
&Sd\/ xdktvif;um; ynmtvif;ESihf qifjcifÓPftvif;jzpf\/ xdktvif;wdkYjzihf
urÇmavmuudk vif;0if;atmif jyKEdkifavonf/ vrif;uJhodkY vlonf tvif;\
rlvay:xGuf&mt&if;jzpfaom tv’m[ft&SifjrwfxHrS tvif;udkcH,l\/ xdktvif;
um; ½lyg½HkAsm'dwfESifh Asm'dwfpum;rsm;jzpfNyD; vlom;wkdY&tyfaom atmifjrifrI\
tjrifhqHk;tqihfokdY ra&muf&Sdao;olwkdYtm; xdktvif;udk wpfqihfay;avonf/ okdY
jzpf&m wrefawmfyGihfay:jcif;onf rrSefaomt,ltqjzpfonf[lívnf;aumif; wref
awmftrsdK;rsdK;yGihfay:jcif;? t&SifjrwfxHawmfrS[kqdkaom Oya'rsm;ESihf usrf;pmrsm;rSm
vDq,faomt&m? vlom;wpfOD;OD;\ wpfudk,faumif;qefaom jyKrlcsuf[ktodkYvQif
qdkEdkiftHhenf;/
aexGufvmaomtcg vrf;rsm;tm;vHk;onfvif;í tedrfhtjrifhwkdYonf uGJjym;
xif&Sm;vmonfr[kwfavm/ xdkenf;wlpGm NyD;jynfhpHkí tjypfuif;pifolonf 0dnmOf
ESihfqdkifaom tvif;\aeYjzpf\/ xdkolyGihfay:vma&mufjcif;tm;jzihf tm;vHk;aomvrf;
trsdK;rsdK;wdkYonf uGJjym;xif&Sm;vmavonf/ olonf vrf;rSefudkñTefjy\? taMumif;

rlum; oludk,fürSefuefjcif;ESihf tusihfoDvjzLpifoefYpifjcif;wdkY\ awmufyaomaeY
jzpfaomaMumifhwnf;/ xkdenf;wlpGm nnfhonf armyef;oltm; tyef;ajzrIudkay;í
aeYtcsdefü yifyef;pGmtvkyfvkyfolwkdYonf nOfh\tMuifemw&m;&Sdaom&ifcGifü tdyf
pufí yifyef;jcif;rStem;,lonfr[kwaf vm/ xdYk jyifnOfo h nf cRwf,iG ;f csufrsm;? tjypf
rsm;tm;vHk;udk zHk;tkyfay;avonf/ xdkenf;wlpGm t&Sifjrwf\ tjypfuif;pifaom
taptyg;olawmfoljrwfwdkYonf vlwdkYtm; at;odrfhrIudkay;&ef vma&mufMu\/
xdkYjyif Asm'dwfawmfvufcH&&SdolwkdYonf ynm&SdolwdkYtm; tjyif;txefBudK;yrf;rIrS
oufom&m&apavonf/ olwdkYrSwpfqihf BuD;us,faomjyóemrsm;udk vG,fulpGm
ajz&Sif;Edkifavonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ynm&Sdrsm;onf rdrdwkdYudk,fwdkiftpGrf;jzihf r&&SdEdkif
aom BuD;us,af omjyóemrsm;\tajzudk Asm'dwaf wmfrsm;&&So d nfh olawmfojl rwfwYdk\
aus;Zl;jzihf vG,fulpGm od&avonf/ t&SifjrwfxHawmfrS Asm'dwfawmfrsm;onf vlom;
qifjcifwHkw&m;\ cRwf,Gif;csufrsm;udk zHk;uG,fay;NyD;? nOfhuJhokdYyif 4if;\tjypfrsm;
udk vltrsm;odatmif rjyKvkyfbJ zHk;tkyfay;avonf/ taMumif;rl ynm&SdolwkdYonf
Asm'dwfawmfrsm;tm;jzifh rdrdwdkY\trSm;rsm;udk rdrdudk,fwdkif rSefatmifjyKjyifMuavonf/
þodkYjzihf t&SifjrwfxHawmfrS jrwfaomAsm'dwfpum;rsm;\ aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;aMumifh
rdrdwdkY\ trSm;rsm;xifay:um trsm;todcH&jcif;tjzpfrS vGwfuif;u,fwifrIudk &&Sd
Muavonf/ þum; rnfonfhrGwfpviftawG;tac:&SifrS *&dwftawG;tac:&SifBuD;
yavwdkjyKvkyfouJhodkY ½kyfxktm; Muufjzihf,pfylaZmfjcif;trIudkrjyKjcif; taMumif;&if;
yifwnf;/ yavwdkonf Asm'dwfpum;wkdY\ tvif;ESihfuif;uGmojzihf vrf;rSm;NyD;
BuD;us,faom tawG;tac:ynm&SifBuD;jzpfygvQuf þodkYt"dyÜg,fuif;rJhí rvdkvm;
tyfz, G t f rSm;udjk yKavonf/ rGwpf viftawG;tac:&Sirf sm;rSmrl uREfyk wf Ykd \ocif? uREfyk f
wdkY\q&m? wrefawmfjrwf(tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ Nidrf;csrf;jcif;ESifh aumif;csD;r*Fvm
awmfrsm;onf ocifhtay:oufa&mufygap)udk xufcsyfruGm vdkufemojzihf xdkuJhodkY
,kwfedrfht"dyÜg,fuif;rJhaom usihfpOfrsm;rS umuG,frI&&SdcJhMuavonf/ þt&mum;
t&SifjrwfxHawmfrS Asm'dwfawmfrsm;onf ynm&Sdrsm;\ cRwf,Gif;csdKUwJhrIrsm;udk nOfh
uJhodkYzHk;tkyfaMumif;udk jyavonf/
xdkYjyif t&Sifjrwf\ tjypfuif;pifaom tapcHrsm;onf yifyef;EGrf;e,fol
wdkYtm; rdk;aumif;uifuJhodkY t&dyftm0goudkay;\/ t&Sifjrwf\wrefawmfrsm;ESihf
t&SifjrwfxHawmfrS Asm'dwf&&Sdolrsm;onf aumif;uifuJhokdY 4if;wdkY\ trsdK;rsdK;aom
aumif;usdK;r*Fvmrdk;udk &GmoGef;NzdK;ap\/ xdkYjyif olwdkYü yx0DajruJhokdY t&nftcsif;
rsm;vnf;&SdMu\/ 4if;wdkY\pifMu,faom pdwf0dnmOfrS trsdK;rsdK;aom jrihfrm;onfh
todynmtyifwdkYonf aygufa&mufMu\/ xdktyifwdkY\ t&dyftm0go? toD;tyGifh
rsm;rS vlwdkYonf tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;udk &&SdcHpm;Mu&avonf/
odkYjzpf&m uREfkyfwkdY\ rsufpda&SUwGif jrifawGUae&aom jrifomaomþobm0
w&m;onf rjrif&aomed,mrw&m;\ rSefuefaMumif; taxmuftxm;rsm;yifjzpfNyD;
xdked,mrw&m;\ rSefuefaMumif;udk t&Sifjrwfonf þrku©ygXfawmfrsm;wGif usdefqdk
jcif;jzihf oufaoxlawmfrlxm;avonf/ odkYjzpf&m oJuEÅm&om; pm;rwwfolwpf
OD;\ EIwfrSxGufvmaom? usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefvm pum;awmfrsm;onf rnfrQynmjzihf
jynfhvQuf&Sdonfudk pOf;pm;qifjcifygav/ þt&mrsm;onf tu,fí t&Sifjrwf\
pum;r[kwfacsu ynm&Sdrsm;ESihf tvGefynmwwfonf[kqdkMuaomolwdkYrSm þeuf
eJaomt"dyÜg,fyg&Sdonfh pum;udk a0zeforIjyKMurnfr[kwfacs/ tMuifolwpfOD;
onf wpfpHkwpf&mudk rdrd\rjynfhpHkabmifusOf;aom qifjcifwHkw&m;udktajccHí em;
vnfwefbdk;xm;EdkifpGrfr&Sdaomtcg ynmudktajccHaom xdkt&mudk a0zefrIjyKwwf
onfrSm "r®wmjzpfavonf/ odkYaomf ol\ a0zefrIonfyif xdkynmÓPfjzifhjynfh
aomtcsufrSm omrefpdwftqihf&SdolwdkYxufjrihfí 4if;wdkYra&mufEdkif vufvSrf;rrSDaom
t&mjzpfaMumif; oufaotaxmuftxm;jzpfvmavonf/ xdkYaMumifhyif ynm&Sd[k
owfrSwfjcif;cH&olwkdYonf þeufeJjcif;w&m;udk qefYusifuefYuGufrIjyKMuavonf/
odkYaomf ,cktcg xdkodcufeufeJaom t&mrSm &Sif;vif;NyD;jzpf&um; qifjcifwHkw&m;
&Sdol rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ a0zefuefYuGufrIjyKawmhrnfr[kwfbJ? 4if;rSaysmf&Tif
0rf;ajrmufrIudk &,lMurnfomjzpfavonf/
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ tjcm;wpfae&mwGif Asm'dwfawmfydkYcsjcif;\oabmo
bm0udk obm0w&m;u axmufcHvQuf&SdaMumif;? Oyrmjy&eftwGuf xdkuJhodkYaom

usdefqdkoufaoxljcif;udk azmfjyxm;ayonf/
]]rdk;udk&GmoGef;csaom rdk;aumif;uifESihf xdkrdk;a&\taxmuftyHhjzifh txl;xl;

tjym;jym;aom tyifrsm;udk aygufa&mufapaom yx0DajrBuD;udk igoufaoxlusdef
qdkawmfrlonfum;? uk&ftmefonf t&Sifjrwf\ rku©ygXfawmfESihf t&Sifjrwf\ Asm
'dwfawmfjzpf\/ xdkYjyif þusrf;onf trSefESihftrSm;udk cGJjcm;qHk;jzwfay;\/ xdkYjyif
þusrf;onf tcsnf;ESD;pum;r[kwf? qdkvdkonfrSm 4if;udktcsdeftcgr[kwf xkwfjyef
csay;awmfrljcif; r[kwfrlí? &moDtcsdeftcgESihf avQmfnDpGm&Gmaomrdk;uJhodkY ay:vm
aomusrf;jzpfownf;}} (86;12-15)
(86;12-15)/
þae&mwGif t&Sifjrwfonf rdrd\pum;awmf (rku©yg|fawmf)rsm;jzpfaom
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ rSefuefaMumif;udk taxmuftuljyKoufaoxl&ef obm0\
xif&Sm;aom ed,mrw&m;udk azmfjyawmfrl\/ vdktyfaomtcsdefwGif rdk;onfaumif;
uifrS&Gmcsí yx0Dajr\ tyiftrsdK;rsdK;wdkYonf rdk;udkrSDcdkae&aMumif;rSm vlwdkif;odaom
tcsufjzpf\/ rdk;&GmoGef;jcif;r&Sdaomtcg a&wGif;rsm;vnf; wjznf;jznf;cef;ajcmuf
vm\/ þokdYjzihf ajrBuD;xJü&Sdaom a&onfvnf; aumif;uifrSrdk;udk rSDcdk&\/ xdkY
aMumifhyif rdk;&moDü a&wGif;&Sda&rsm;onf jynfhwufvmavonf/ taMumif;&if;um;
aumif;uifrSrdk;a&onf yxr0DajrrSa&udkqGJav\/ t&Sifjrwf\ Asm'dwfawmfydkYcsjcif;
ESihf vlom;\ qifjcifwHkw&m;wkdYtMum; qufpyfrIonfvnf; xkdenf;twdkif;yif
jzpfavonf/ t&Sifjrwf\ Asm'dwfawmfonf aumif;uifrSrdk;a&jzpfNyD; qifjcifwHk
w&m;onf aumif;uifrSrdk;a&jzihf tm[m&jznfh&aom yx0DajrrSa&jzpf\/ rdk;aumif;
uifrSa&? qdkvdkonfrSm t&SifjrwfxHawmfrS Asm'dwfawmfydkYcsjcif;onf &yfqdkif;oGm;
vQif yx0DajrrSa&onfvn;f wjznf;jznf;cef;ajcmufoGm;avonf/
xdkYaMumifhyif tcsdeftvGefMumjrifhNyD; t&SifjrwfxHawmfrS Asm'dwf&ol urÇm
ajrwGif ay:rvmaomtcg yx0DajrrSa&onf qkwf,kwfcef;ajcmufvmouJhodkYynm

&SifwkdY\ qifjcifwHkw&m;onfvnf; ysufpD;,dk,Gif;vmavonf/ þoabmw&m;udk
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eufjzihf jyfvnfckcHcJh&avonf/ odkYjzpf&m qifEGJ&aomppfyGJrsm;rSm aoG;xGufoH,dkrIudk
vdkvm;0ír[kwf? vlowef&efpdwftm;xufoefaeMuolrsm;\ w&m;rJhjyKusihfrIrsm;udk
tjrpfuz,f&Sm;ypf&efESifh raumif;rIrsm;udkwGef;vSef&ef &nf&G,fjcif;omjzpfavonf/
rGwfpvifrsm;qifEGJcJh&aom ppfyGJrsm;rSm rw&m;rIusL;vGefolwdkYu trSefw&m;udk vuf
udkifjyKolrsm;udk ysufokOf;oGm;atmif pdwfoefaeaomtcsdefü jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;jzpfavonf/
þokdYaomtcsdeftcgü tpövmrftaejzifh rdrdudk,frdrd umuG,fckcH&ef enf;vrf;tpD
tpOfudk rusihfoHk;cJhygvQif axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom tjypfrJhtrsdK;orD;rsm;ESihf uav;
oli,frsm;rSm owfjzwfjcif;cH&í tpövmrfomoemawmfrSmvnf; ed*Hk;csKyftqHk;owf&
rnfhtajcodkY qdkufa&mufcJh&ayvdrfhrnf/
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awG;xifrIyifjzpf\/ 4if;wdkYu t&SifjrwfxHawmfrS Asm'dwftm;jzifhvmaom vrf;ñTefrI
oGefoifcsufü &efolrsm;tm; rnfokdYaomtajctaeürqdk ckcH&ef oGefoifcsufryg&Sd&?
odrfarGUjcif;? El;nHhjcif;tm;jzihf cspfjcif;arwåmESihf u½kPmw&m;udkom tNrJjy&rnf[k
awG;xif,lqMuavonf/ þodkYaom awG;xifjcif;onf BuD;pGmaom trSm;yifjzpf
avonf/ þolrsm;onf t&Sifjrwf\ NyD;jynfhpHkaom *kPfawmftaygif;udk odrfarGU
jcif;? Muifemjcif;ü tqHk;owfonf[k ,HkMunfpGJrSwfaeMuavonf/ þodkYpGJrSwfjcif;
jzifh olwkdYu rdrdwkdYonf t&Sifjrwftm; vGefpGm½dkaoudkif;ñTwfrIudkjyonf[k rSwf,l
Muavonf/ odkYaomf tawG;tac:pOf;pm;wwfolrsm;tzdkY xkdodkYawG;xifaeMuolrsm;
rSm tvGefBuD;rm;odomaom rSm;,Gif;rIü epfjrKyfvQuf&SdMuaMumif; vG,fulpGmodEdkif
avonf/ t&Sifjrwf\ obm0ed,mrOya'udk awG;qqifjcif;vQif u½kPmw&m;
oufoufomjzpfaMumif; awGU&rnfjzpf\/ odkYaomf xdku½kPmonf tcgcyfodrf;
El;nHhodrfarGUaomtoGifjzifh ray:aygufacs/ trSefaomfum; uRrf;usifaom orm;awmf
BuD;uJhodkY oefYpifaom u½kPmawmfjzihf uREfkyfwdkYtm; wpfcgwpf&HwGif csdKjraom
aq;&nfudkay;í wpfcgwpf&Hüvnf; cg;aomaq;udkñTefMum;avonf/
uREfkyfwdkYwpfOD;pDonf rdrd\cE¨mudk,fudk oem;ouJhodkY t&Sifjrwf\u½kPm
awmfrSmvnf; uREfkyfwdkYtay: xdkodkYxm;&Sdawmfrlavonf/ uREfkyfwkdYtm;vHk;onf rdrd
udk,frdrd cspfMuaMumif; ,HkrSm;oHo,r&SdEdkifacs/ rdrd\OD;acgif;rS wpfyifrQaom
qHyifudk qGJEkwfoludkyif tvGefYtvGefpdwfqdk;wwfMuavonf/ uREfkyfwkdY\cE¨mudk,f
udk uREfkyfwdkYcspfaompdwfonf tpdwftydkif;wpfckudkomr[kwf? cE¨mudk,fwpfckvHk;udk
vTrf;NcHKvQuf&Sd\/ xdkYjyif cE¨mudk,f\ tpdwftydkif;tm;vHk;udk uREfkyfwdkYcspfjrwfEdk;Mu
\/ rnfonfhtpdwftydkif;udkrQ emusifjcif;? qHk;½HI;jcif;? jzpfay:ap&ef qE´r&SdMuacs/
odkY&mwGif uREfkyfwdkYonf cE¨mudk,ftpdwftydkif;tm;vHk;tay:ü wpfajy;nDwnf; cspf
Muonfr[kwfonfrSm xif&Sm;\/ uREfkyfwdkY\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk aqmif&GufEdkif&ef
ydkítm;xm;&aom t"dutpwftydkif;rsm;udk cspfcifaompdwfu uREfkyfwdkY\ ESvHk;om;
rsm;ay:wGif vTrf;rdk;aeavonf/ xdkYtwl uREfkyfwkdY\pdwfü cE¨mudk,ftpdwftydkif;

wpfckxuf cE¨mudk,fwpfckvHk;udk rsm;pGmydkí cspfcifwG,fwmMuonfomjzpf\/ odkYjzpf
&m ydkrdktoHk;us? t"duusaom cE¨mudk,ftpdwftydkif;wpfck csrf;om&a&;twGuf
xdkYxufedrfhaom tpdwftydkif;wpfckudk 'Pf&m&aprnf odkYr[kwf jzpfypf&rnfh? csdK;
ypf&rnfh tajctaeESihf BuHKawGU&aomtcgü uREfkyfwdkYonf rdrd\toufudk u,f
wif&eftwGuf xdkodkYjyKvkyf&ef rqdkif;rwG toihfjzpfoGm;Muavonf/
uREfkyfwdkYjrwfEdk;aom tpdwftydkif;wpfckudk 'Pf&m&apjcif;? jzwfawmufypf
jcif;jyK&vQif uREfkyfwdkY0rf;enf;Mu&\/ odkY&mwGif edrfhaomtpdwftydkif;wpfck ysufpD;
,dk,Gif;jcif;onf xdkYxufjrifhrm;aom tpdwftydkif;wpfckudk tEÅ&m,fjyKzsufqD;rnfjzpf
aMumif; em;vnfoabmaygufaomtcgü xdktpdwftydkif;udk jzwfawmufypf&ef pdwf
rygpGmjzihf oabmwl&avonf/ þOyrmonf t&Sifjrwf\u½kPmw&m;udk em;vnf
&ef taxmuftuljyKayvdrfhrnf/ rdrd\taptyg; olawmfpifolawmfjrwfrsm;rSm vrf;
rSm;udk;uG,folwdkY\vufü ysufpD;&rnfhtEÅ&m,ftwGif; usa&mufaeonfudk jrifawmf
rlaomtcg? xkdYjyif þta&;onf BuD;pGmaom pnf;ysufrNidrfoufrIudk jzpfEdkifaMumif;
jrifawmfrlaomtcg t&Sifjrwfonf ajzmifhrSefol? olawmfpifrsm;\ toufudkumuG,f
&efESihf rNidrfoufrIrsm;udk tqHk;owf&ef rdrd\oifhavsmfaom tpDtrHrsm;udk aumif;
uif,HrSvnf;aumif;? ajrjyifrSvnf;aumif; xGufay:apawmfrlavonf/ taMumif;
rlum; t&Sifjrwfonf r[mu½kPmawmf&Sif jzpfawmfrlouJhokdY teEÅÓPfawmf&Sif
vnf;jzpfawmfrl\
csD;rGrf;jcif;[lorQudk pMum0|murÇmtaygif;tm; zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrlaom
tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonfom cHxdkufawmfrlayownf;/
â â â
tpövmrfh'óeusrf;
THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE TEACHINGS
OF ISLAM
by : Hadhrat Mirza Chulam Ahmad
M YA N M A R
"The Philosophy of the Teaching of Islam" is a

well known essay on Islam by Hadhrat Mirza Ghulam
Ahmad, Founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam.
The original was written in order to be read at a Confer-
ence of Great Religions held at Lahore on December 26-
29, 1896. It has since served as an introduction to Islam
for seekers of religious knowledge and truthe in different
parts of the world. It deals ith the following five broad
themes set by the moderators of the Conference: (i) The
physical, moral and spiritual states of man (ii) The state
of man after death. (iii) The object of man's life and the
means of its attainment. (iv) The operation of the practi-
cal ordinances of the Law in this life and next and (v)
Sources of Divine knowledge.

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tpövmrf'h óeusrf; 1

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