SEMINOR TOPIC

ECOLOGICAL EQUILIBRIUM
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Presented by, Ancy Jacob Jincy Joseph

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INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

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ECOLOGY

Derived From Greek work oikos(home) and logos(study). Branch of Science Ecology is the scientific study of the relationship to their habits and habitats
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ECOLOGY DEFINED IN NUMBER OF WAYS :

According to Odum "Ecology is the study of structure and functions of nature and ecosystems. According to Colinvauk, "Ecology is the study of animals and plants in situations to their habits and habitats".
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ECOSYSTEM

An ECOSYSTEM can be described simply as the collection of all living and non-living components in a particular area. The living components of the environment are known as BIOTIC factors. Biotic factors include plants, animals, and micro-organisms. The non-living components of the environment are known as ABIOTIC factors. Abiotic factors include things such as rocks and water. 4/22/12

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OBJECTIVES OF ECOLOGY

Presence of man in the ecosystem. To understand the dynamics of our surroundings and to take proper measures to conserve it if and when required.
1. The local and geographic distribution and abundance of organisms (habitat, niche, community, biogeography). 2. Temporal changes in the occurrence, abundance, and activities of organisms (seasonal, annual, successional, geological). 4/22/12

DIVISION OF ECOLOGY
Main Divisions Physiological Ecology (Eco-physiology) and Behavioural Ecology Population Ecology or Autoecology Community Ecology or Synecology Ecosystem Ecology Landscape Ecology

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Also subdivided as Animal ecology,plant

ECOLOGICAL BALANCE

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Balance between the production and consumption of each component in the ecosystem.

Issues Affecting Ecological Equilibrium

Climatic Factors

Light Heat Water Rainfall Wind Humidity Atmospheric gases

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Topograhic Factors
Altitude Slope and direction of mountain chain and valleys

Edaphic Factors

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Biotic Factors
Symbiosis Commensalism Parasitisim Epiphytism Competition

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Limiting Factors

LIMITING FACTORS

Limiting factors denote the amount of substance that is either least abundant or over abundant in the relation to the need of the living organism. Density Dependent Density Independent

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LAWS OF LIMITING FACTORS

LIEBIGs law of minimum BLACKMANs law of limiting factor SHELFORDs law of tolerance
Limit or Zone of tolerance

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Every Environmental factors has 2 zones :

Zone of tolerance Zone of intolerance

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