FUNDAMENTALS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

3rd Edition Kenneth M. Leet, Chia-Ming Uang, and Anne M. Gilbert

SOLUTIONS MANUAL

CHAPTER 2: DESIGN LOADS

P2.t. Determine the deadweight of a l-ft-long segment of the reinforced concrete beam whose cross section is shown in Figure P2.!. Beam is constructed with lightweight concrete which weighs 120 lbs/ft:'.

P2.1

tu).ltf\A1'~

1H6 weltH··t'f/Pr.

@ ltc1LJ"j F1~ .

aF

&~

~~t.1Ip~

72. .'

,L
tQMf\)'("e ~~~

la," ~
J4.eA:

A~e~~ (Q.~'x:"·).rt(YtJ'd.iX t.ft7')..f-

-se-t..1Ig~t,..

=
~elltJ.+r

(a.U1'x-Z.SI)-r (1.r;'X l')

7.r:;, F1~
OF- Met-1~6~
1

re~ ~oP1 ~l4tt1H ~ H1/ F1 :. 1.r; ff x 1to L.&/ff~:: ~1t1 L.&/ff.

Page

"2- J

P2.2. Determine the deadweight of a l-m-long segment of the reinforced concrete girder in Figure PZ.2 constructed from lightweight concrete with a unit weight of
16 kN/m3.

,,"ml
180mm 780mm Prestress concrete hodge girder

P2.2

:cornputc"1h~ we.\s.hi'/m ot th4t

IEIOlnm_

.L

~S:5~1"jQU_

1t.4::~.

-*-

wt-t--. ::';'I
- '"" 3··'

1Yr.

-0' -t ~.I ··9 K /m

l~mm

r-.~rnrn~ -'i
X •. S) t

~C:"G:4iO

2.0ltS'

'Z.n4)
20

+-"lSa
'=:-0

X •.4J(Qp-+-ztl90;:.

f9Q)

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.1~X~-'?O)

.....

"':I. • .,..'A~"

~"'T4.m

.-'2,

Page

2.-2

P2.3. Determine the deadweight of a loft-long segment of a typical 20-in-wide unit of a roof supported on a nominal 2 in X 16 in southern pine beam (the actual dimensions are in smaller). The ~-inplywood weighs 3 lb/ft"

2" insulation

three ply felt

tar and gre vel

314- plywood

~ - gi-~

X
11/2.~ X

~J
P2.3

151/2-

~ )( ~
f!

(...__ 20' --\+--

20'---i

./

U)"---,~--_.t~~

!..L Iwln~ unu.

• II
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b~:t'Al{.l-~-S-~lC-z;r--~::i-9.~l , ~ ~ f:t'lb_

WOW ,nns
TO rAL-W,

1 ,.,.

5Tltc:tLS¥~~"1th
-ft3 14+

if19fi.'

:gp-c..~=tlO~t-·#e-;tT~~~-:'Yt

~ .2..LI.cJh---eA.n.L -

Page

2.-.3

P2.4. Consider the floor plan shown in Figure P2.4. Compute the tributary areas for (a) floor beam B I, (b) girder 01, (c) girder G2, (d) comer column C3. and (e) interior column B2.

cp
@-I

Cf
I

(J)

IGl
@-I

m
I

11
12
Ii 12 °I-.l.
25,____J
@

1 B2

10' = 20'

Bl
©-I 1
'--3~'

1 I
P2.4

10' ~ 20'

(6.,)J}eg

t1£.n{oCL~:-;..:ONWOTU'1.·.L~
AT;;'
30(5+

a1

._e!~_.30,

ft._.
~

3d
.' ..._

(t)r;u;:ag-2'M~t) ~:

~_P."'li

20£1-

s..)-F- ...300.F'T '2

uf.llf.6.Uo\_ \....~

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+ ~"?Il~)~

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Page

2. .. 4

P2.S. Refer to Figure P2.4 for the floor plan. Calculate the influence areas for (a) floor beam Bl, (b) girder G 1. (c) girder G2. (d) corner column C3, and (e) interior column B2.

@-I WI

cp
GI

cp
I
02

cp
Il 2 Ii 12
@

1 IB2
Bl

10' =

20' 20'

I ©-I
~30'

I I
I
P2.4

C3

lS,___j

10'::

M(J\t'pl~

th~ v.alue..s.
P 2. 4

A,

in

prob'c.I"T"\
"""

of' by.

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h c...re

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4--Fo .....

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+ar-. b earns-

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1
t
A2.

~~k~ ~ OOF'f");. (,tJl1 Fr1'2.( ~Af== t(r;oOF~)~r;OO F"'"

Ku.J..r::: 2 ('''0 ~I.l,.M ~ 2(175
F1'''') ~ ~qOpraff")::; ~70 rr"

fl trZ:pe R
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t4 1

t-1~q1?
~1l(~R

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l4t.k ::1('1~~::"?Qf11'

KiA. Af =: 1.(1.1, f1"') :::??"D pr'"

KuA l'~ I'2.'; ~1'a.):. ;- 00 ff-" 40(

to WM t-J. t 3
LOW...,tJ
~2.

~&.I,Af:::4 (r;,off):: l,'lQ(J ~

Page

2 ..5

P2.6. The uniformly distributed live load on the floor plan in Figure P2.4 is 60 Ib/ft2• Establish the _loading for members (a) floor beam B I, (b) girder G I, and (c) girder G2. Consider the live load reduction if permitted by the ASCE standard.

cp
@--I
GI

cp
I
G2 B2

I1

@-I
BI

I1
@

12

10' -,.'

10' = 20'

©-I
~30'

I
I P2.4

C3

IJ

25,___j

Val\les OF AT ~

~.=2.~+_Us.tL.Sif.rlFffied:::=:fQa::'hn~ . -

ev.. ll.l.a+t..d_ Jf'i..

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__ . _ .

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(o,)b9.ad1np. ..£or ... .. ~1 ic:t.I- AT :: '2."1( ~ ==

+l;,...-;w......-tG6 (i).tl) -~ ~

!(Lt.;A-r ;:: '2. x 15.0.IZ_300.~,~ ...:.._ ~E'bUG.nO~ ALLOWeD_ No

____c."MPUTE 'Kl"ACt·ION YJ

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> 400

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tooo

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Page

2 -(p

P2.7. The elevation associated with the floor plan in Figure P2.4 is shown in Figure P2.7. Assume a live load of 60 lb/ft? on all three floors. Calculate the axial forces produced by the live load in column B2 in the third and first stories. Consider any live load reduction if permitted by the ASCE standard.

cp
@-I

cp
I I
BI

cp
I-.

I I

II
··11

II
~

II
P2.7

1 g
s
@I

1°1
@--I @--I

..,

_j

30,_ ..... 1_ 2y----l

1.--30'

I: I,
P2.4

l'l°"~
12rO':2O'
C3 I.....l.
2S.~

Co.JtlPUT e. 'tH~ L' VE LOAl:> ~eRCE..s ll-l CO\...UM\\ 82 I a...\

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e l).,/FrZ

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--T '-F"".
._._. _
I

AT J;_.( _.__. + 1.i}2-e-·=-:22e£t~ Qj _ .2. __ ._......

1<Ll..

AT ~ 4)( 500

= 2,2.00 ft'2. > 400H

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.. W,;::·WL. [0.25

=
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1:

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"''2'2.0.0

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=: {."

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food

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p-.• VI AT:::

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Page

Z. -7

P2.S. A five-story building is shown in Figure P2.8. Following the ASCE standard, the wind pressure along the height on the windward side has been established as shown in Figure P2.8(c). (a) Considering the windward pressure in the east-west direction, use the tributary area concept to compute the resultant wind force at each floor level. (b) Compute the horizontal base shear and the overturning moment of the building.

cp ®--

<p

Cf

cp

11
~
@;

:.,______

25"
(a)

= 100' -----1
P2.8

J
M

L
(b)

" i:1 ® ...,

<> -c

20

L
(c)

wind pressures in lblft2

P2.8

c:tJ!&~ulan~

W't\c{

rorc.e.s
IC.<J~

5t-loor
(o.=>
-I"

2:Oo.f

i'20~rL~
1 t.0

= \OJ~OO Jb
2.1,1.0.0

pst. C. 1'2..JC" ')0) -

lb

-+--5

(J

.g

.~
\Ii
~

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Z,

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rl

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n.1\(

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~'tQi""

:rt +I~r II~p:sf(.2.K9c) b.)

a:: J4JO~

lb

''j·t''

14JS4-k

"h1klt.O~T~ tA~i "HeAIt %~~ A-r e~ lot-veL ~ 11I•• It... ZI.~Ic.+ 11.11c.+ ".IIL "'14.~4L,

v__~

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t)+

t1V81C1'U1Ul ltolA M" .... et=lr OF 1lfe.

'UlIPIM4 =-l1.FfJffa9~LtYf.lox

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,,,}+ 2I./'(...... r7.l (," >.fo

=

~e)

1'j.Jk(~+t) ... t+.I.tJr{l2')

McriJt'nlAI,*s 2,Mt"«

Page

2... 8

P2.9. The dimensions of a 9-m-high warehouse are shown in Figure P2.9. The windward and leeward wind pressure profiles in the long direction of the warehouse are also shown. Establish the wind forces based on the following information: basic wind speed = 40 mis, wind exposure category C, Kd =:c 0.85, K" = 1.0, G = 0.85, and Cp = 0.8 for windward wall and-0.2 for leeward wall. Use the K. values listed in Table 2.4. What is the total wind forc~ acting in the long direction of the warehouse?

VSE.:t ...j.

- 0 Id'jl..YZ .. O. Gr 13tltlJ)
'l.

-~..::..cr"I
~... =

:;L.; EO.'l o/d-

(Ii~

2 4b)

.__

kl;

K Bt; Kd:

:rto.1t;C~K~ttXo.e5)-=-S33.1-k'D
~2::=

o ~4.(..m:
4..It.-G...I rn. :

~r= s:n.;J

83'S;,!a.S;)

(o.. qO~SO.~;'2

= 70e.Gr!i,_
It/rill.

".1.". V •. m ;

1-:::.e- '3~:7.(o.~4)_.:- -7~ 7S~

a,]~o·~F~8L1.'
C£C(.2:i)

1.(. .. ~rn:
1-----

~;a:::

40 m

.--1

.B:SR...."!llE WJlIt>1VAUlJ:n}Ul...

(nOI [0 scale)

P2.9

P::t
'"
~-

~_Cp

4-Cf>.;;; .. _o._~S{~;;.._.o.loA

C'l G.g~i!-

4&1.5:N~4:-c;;-um fL';;_-_' ?I Q ~~·W..m~ ~.r.=::1.LiPnL·.p:=- 1532.q=~J<J;fn*_"1._G.=.~.9:.:tt:l 'p.=.-SC;?(,1;;17rn.~

Q- 4
TOTAl WIYPFORcC
j

,m

p_

~·)tdr~-

Z.Q;S:x.2oT -:-.--·F;~2.9~5)f2.oli:·5~'~{, :[['4xiE?J F..,-=- 91 \ 60 tJ

tOR cEeWAk!D-wpg:t:

f:'" '" 46\.~X-~1"+-;'O'

P ""ih:4Cf'-'::;-~h (~~Q
.~i;~~~=at~.::;:

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p =- 811.1 ~~;t:.=cr~)3..~136.'.N./m'l
-:tarBL--w.~~~~

VIALL.

j:l'J;I-tE~-

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~5~003J,l"

Tc:ifAL FC&CE:: ..t;r_Fw ..t.F\,... . = ~1,\!10~+.tS,Od.3 lit" lfi,.?)..l

~o_-r:tf:_1i....hM.D_ ..~--.k:t1tt DiRr.ctrQ~-

.'5.AM.e

Page

2-9

P2.10. The dimensions of a gabled building are shown In Figure P2.lOa. The external pressures for the wind load perpendicular to the ridge of the building are shown in Figure P2.lOb. Note that the wind pressure can act toward or away from the windward roof surface. For the particular building dimensions given, the Cp value for the roof based on the ASCE standard can be determined from Table P2.1O, where plus and minus signs signify pressures acting toward and away from the surfaces, respectively. Where two values of Cp are listed, this indicates that the windward roof slope is subjected to either

positive or negative pressures, and the roof structure should be designed for both loading conditions. The ASCE standard permits linear interpolation for the value of the inclined angle of roof 8. But interpolation should only be carried out between values of the same sign. Establish the wind pressures on the building when positive pressure acts on the windward roof. Use the following data: basic wind speed = 100 mi/h, wind exposure category = B, Kd = 0.85, K" = 1.0, G = 0.85, and Cp = 0.8 for windward wall and -0.2 for leeward wall.

(b)

P2.10
(a)
'I"'!.~~'~"~~':~~""'_"''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''_''

Roof Pressure Coefficient Cp

10 -0.9 15 -0.7 20 -0.4 0.0

.•••••.••.•..•.•.....•...••• _

_ •• _

.. •. __

w._·

*6 defined in Fig. P2.10 Leeward -0.2 03

Windward 25 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 0.2

30

35

45 0.0 0.4

2:60 0.018*

10 -0.5

15 -0.5

2:20 -0.6

q.i!=
O-l~-;'_~
1

~S is -

kl KZ~

kcL

=
=:

.2.5.--<.--(.iXO.S7)(1){o.a;) ..
J2.~!.bj£+2. 13. 4~ \b/ -4 Z
14.34

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~~~ ~I=

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(tor

..wwD-P.u~l2£. ..9~ WINOWAgO W6LLt

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I

P =,~ e C:t C£
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f'R.ES~U~'E

u.cra.Rp~·tE:. \a..l TAtill..:£.P2.(b ...1:..p.__;;,__(l'L + (3S.C.~-30)xO.\ Cp

..E.RoM TABLE

~)
.v
~D

= O•.1.13~

(35'-30)

p = 14.3~ x. o.~5xo.7.13~ P 3 SA.p5f' ~

oI-J

P $!.)~.i~.x.O.~5 )r.O.~ ..~.\1r:f'

p== a.. ~~~

C.l<:ooFUL,.'{.J O
OF

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?fl,ES5VOC
wAL-L-

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FoR

l' =
1 ~.,::.

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= o. '"')
0.14,
~t-;;.LO> ~~Cl'2.~C.V~
~~...o()2.5

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h :024 ;
Foii
WA'-'-

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p

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14.34

:r. = :1.
'L

2. 4:4lb/~~

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r= 14.-;(. (o.~4J,)_. o.¢ ~_~1.3.2Ib41~(:!f'ltl)

Page----=2=--.~1 _ .0

P2.1l. Establish the wind pressures on the building in

Problem P2.10 when the windward roof is subjected to an uplift wind force.

(0)

(b)

·I ~~i;:~~~·; .. ·c~ffi~i;~t··c:···
Windward Angle 9

P2.10

·
35 -0.2 0.3

·
45 0.0 0.4

~;.~~:;.;~.~; ..;;;;
2:60 0.019· 10 -0..5 15 -0.5 2:20 -0.6

C,

10 -0.9

15 -0.7

20 -0.4 0.0

25 -0.3 0.2

30 -0.2 0.2

Cl.2.e.
WIt-

..s=..e

P '2...\0 ..

~~LJJ'nC"JoJ

!t>~R

C ...R.o.o:r1~4-..l.t' lye

_ass.ua~
0

.e -

33.1°

I.n+erpo late' b£+weer) , 30~.ahd.35

:£M. ne.~_jic.

__ C.p

value

In

rabl~P 2.10

~·4·Cps_2{.740.(Q ..C.') OJ5("O.,14) = - 3.~'f Ih/..f..f~L1''f\PtJ) ~E: Wmdpr.e.s~ vrc.S .... .tL 6!h~ C .3 sur-F ac.d .are ~ ~.grnc d5 to

p".::

c.p

c::r

-0. 'l14-

p 2.,0

Page

2 ..11

P2.t2. (a) Determine the wind pressure distribution on the four sides of the lO-story hospital shown in Figure P2.12. The building is located near the Georgia coast where the wind velocity contour map in Figure 2.15 of the text specifies a design wind speed of 140 mph. The building, located on level flat ground, is classified as stiff because its natural period is less than 1 s. On the windward side, evaluate the magnitude of the wind pressure every 35 ft in the vertical direction. (b) Assuming the wind pressure on the windward side varies linearly between the 35-n intervals, determine the total wind force on the building in the direction of the wind. Include the negative pressure on the leeward side.
P2.12

~9.MPU=YC.

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p= -

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Consider the five-story building shown in Figure P2.8. The average weights of the floor and roof are 90 Ib/ft2 and 70 Ib/ft2, respectively. The values of SDS and SDI are equal to 0.9g and O.4g, respectively. Since steel moment frames are used in the north-south direction to resist the seismic forces, the value of R equals 8. Compute the seismic base shear V. Then distribute the base shear along the height of the building.

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P2.14. (a) A two-story hospital facility shown in Figure P2.l4 is being designed in New York with a basic wind speed of 90 milh and wind exposure D. The importance factor I is 1.15 and K, = 1.0. Use the simplified procedure to determine the design wind load. base shear. and building overturning moment. (b) Use the equivalent lateral force procedure to determine the seismic base shear and overturning moment. The facility. with an average weight of 90 lb/ff for both the floor and roof. is to be designed for the following seismic factors: 50S = 0.27 g and 501 = 0.06g; reinforced concrete frames with an R value of 8 are to be used. The importance factor I is 1.5. (c) Do wind forces or seismic forces govern the strength design of the building?

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P2.1S. When a moment frame does not exceed 12 stories in height and the story height is at least 10 ft, the ASCE standard provides a simpler expression to compute the approximate fundamental period:

where N = number of stories. Recompute T with the above expression and compare it with that obtained from Problem P2.13. Which method produces a larger seismic base shear?

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