-FJ~:

/J!a-Il.a.se 'flo.w

raht.

SOlu"_ 10/"1" (1)m/J14+I~'

!:=
~::!~
~.~

eq uo.

*(:;,() ,

.1..

.().

_ a.i3Ap
I~L

ASkl.A.mp'hcn

So:

(I) /..a_m,;'a..r"ho'w
(t.) Ft.• lt':! dt ~b pttel -IIPW(L»a:.) L

:~~
~I
"t ....... .:'

~ _,_.

Firr SIIE lOW {)~ a:l-I()O~j:::( S? I ~

I7Jr

,.C)~

':l

s.I

]1(0-

l. N .,5

(Ag.

A.

"1z.
KlrJ-4

zJ

-=

().r:J~

NrUc.~, I':" m'" y·ljYG

11.(0.305)(,.,"'_ 7.QS -Ft~

J

ll;.f Th{,/)

.,s../ .f+"

Th.;~ CO't177:9u..fi:::(.fl~4) .i. .~rrD -Slm:.t. a. «0.. 11 -:::·Cl~~p.t = .TTa.3/jPD

I~l... '='

I~f..
/00,
(}()O

7f]( (10 -~) 3,1J. 3"

12

J;:;:r.

lbf. ~ a. ZS l"n '" ' . '.'

7.1s~I,O~ 'f lbi ..s'

ft"

Ghec..k.

.el
A

+0 ~~.
7rI::o.. (TCJ..lolc

/d../hJ/'a./

f/Qw
X

Il._

.0.

_ .1." S .&13
7T A.l) j

.:58 '*

o,al
_...A.-L-

r:

10- 't j,,~ :>

r. •• .. '

(J.

r..r

I.
I".

I{

I,
0,()00) In.

- 7,5&

In. j.s

.56;f)HVJ

Kt.. ~ ('VA
-==.

~ ~,eHJ.O

,.....u..

Va...
.

(J.lt (t.Cj"

.5hLg ) 7.s.s,n~ .. IO~¥/n.".,

if' '
5" .

It ..

7."t$xfo,-filbf -J

Prob 1t!t7l f. Z I

)
6ap conta.;ns
01'

,n

It:I.J'H,';o.r
pt'of,le.

rnDt./~n

~
-.!...--

c.v,:"h I,n~a.r veloc.~'7

Frl'id: 62.) V/~c.os;~ a.,!' c,,'1 (b) Will t.o r9 cce ';'C/l:'a.sc:: or d~cl"'ea...st! ,-v,"-I4 u't»e?
1/

Wlr..y?
•

f.kJ 10 fJ

"

b-ca.rll""iq

-'.

-flow'

of

v/sc.os. i +c.t

bt!~ee/'I

5a..p IS Jrn 0../1~ a.nd C'",.,.s ,de...- a..s ~a...ro..l!C!-1 p1a.:6e.J.. Ap,ol:;r 1\I&(.()eon~ /&z.AI
51nc:::. ~

A.s..st..oJnpt,~,.,:
Thel') ~
l( '/""'-

Lrneo«:
CJ r

.
'V£(o<:../~ _

prQ";/c

~ ~qJ

r'

Ar

...

}
.:So/o.I'~9)

-= r"

(lTTr~'- 7::1)()
4,.. T
Z tr W

?~

r: !.l..

-/.

:. 0.0''15 N·", / m1.

~

Buu-';'9 1.5 ,sea./t:cJ) 50 oil ~~ra:tur4 ItS d/.J~/Po.../;o:I.b:J Ir;r>e.,iu" FDr 1t9U. ;c:l$J~ The.....:. CiJf'q('(' e wi /I d~l'ea.s ~ ,.$ ;ncG d l.s

/nC/'e!..a..J.1/S a.t. e,~f;;I decreases a..s T Incre.a.sc.S. w/II

p f7JPt:d'"+Jt,'t""tA J

to.../-'".

""':11

_ ..
~

~~i

-.
I .. .,'

._.

3.. 0 1
3.10'
Water flows around the vertical two-dimensronal bend with circular streamlines and constant velocity as shown in Fig. P3..l0. If the pressure is 40 kPa at point (1), determine the pressure-s at points (2) and (3). Assume that the velocity profile is uniform as indicated. FIGURE P3.10 W'TfJ
_. 'JL

4m

I
/0 III /.s
(1)

_'flat -de _ er
0;Iii
J

on -

;t(

d.·~ dh s: J

on~· V ==

-rhvs

w/lh
z: _

1(:::6 -I) 6--n

.diJ...
-')n

a-

ey:L..
nnzd

or
e~V_n!1

n =0 ..so thai sine e r and Vare constants n

n=()
(1=0

ffnd/}

n.

= - Jodn - f

I-Ill
f=
.)

e: -

rn

- pV:lIe".!),
n=o .

Thus

I, -.~ - f v' in (6-n) n

1'-1 z: I/O

6~ /111

W/lh

/cp&

4IJd/}2.

:A
gr

:::¥OIrP4'_?.IX/O.J~

(11i1)

- 999

!;J; (t ogt)2. In (-;-)

kPa,

I{:: /2.0
s:

4Aeh

wllA f; ~'/-0 jr.fl4 and

1J!j == 2m

1&
-

'If) kPtt

9.ltJX/O.1j. (J./JI)

-<If?*" (/O~yL
- 20./

In

(j)

or

1.3 z:

kPa,

3.14
3.1# Water flows from the faucet on the first floor of the building shown in Fig. P3.llf with a maximum velocity of 20 fl/s. For steady inviscid flow, determine the maximum water velocity from the basement faucet and from the faucet on the second floor (assume each flOOT is 12 ft tall).

FIGURE

P3.1lf

and

With /J
al1ci

=/1
s: 2.0

=0 (trBf) Jet) f:!.

.s'
21 ;;::'If.

VI

IJ

II

2J =/611

Impossible,! #0 flow
from .second {fool' {quesi.

·.

m
N Q.. llJ
M

"""

I/)

::J

a:::
S

-,
~

....
a

e
LL

,
.......... ~~i t'.••..
II

~.
-.J:;.

~t,

......

'i

r-: ._
0;
Ii

~
\1

\"t)

'"
(;:r-

~.

"'" C'.( ~
~ttoI
r;::;'I

~ 10: Its

"

::::a......

~" 'I

tN"
I

.c:t\, N '--I II ~
(",

~ ......::.

I'f

E\~
Co U

rW'
r'

I"l

"

"""' ~l~ .......

~

...
~~.

(,J 0)
'iii

N
C"")

."1
I"')

C
Q.c

~ II ~

S\::.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~
,

""
I

;:J
t;,!?

"'t
~ ~

...--..
...s:::
~
to!

t;:; 11

""~'1

c::

-...:::.

11

s...:,
))

I\{'

~ ~ ~ <,
C)

"
IJ ~

~
"k>

$.
~
V]

U6
~ I

::::;

+-'

... NOS .~
~

~
r4

r:

c..·6b.5 ...... ...... El 0

Q.)

Q.) ..... ;> Q.)

t:l,.q

til

.s
'1.)

~J~
-to II

..,..

-e ~
II

,....
r.l

.c ........'li:)
..c

.._.... .g
0

d.l .cvQ)

0...11.11-41-4

o ~~~...c .... ('t)Q.)

VlO"'tj ?;
1-4

QlJ~~._ :::I • ;> "0 0 V <0

~~

o eo 0 t: q:j'_ a
~ t:._
~-

....... 0

....

~l~
I\t

'\i
~ ~

,
1/

~ ~

~\~
11
~ ~ ~~
I)

f'\I

~~

~ ~ \I tl ~

~
::::i.

S.s S g ~ t: .5 .B

"t-

...,_ ~
:'.l -Q

~ ....

II

~ ~

II

° o!E ~
r:d.l ~

oU"' .c .t: VI f::!

.;::. "0

d.l

til

cd

.
•

~lo

C?1

vd.l
1-.

.9-

0...

M M

t"'! crl ~
r;;;l

0::
;J

~ ...... ~

....c:

~
C"(

r.

-~
11 ~
t"t' ...

~\<J .......:....
~

~
N

~ ~ ~
l'
C'(

<:;::I.

tI '"

~kl~k\~ u -=--- ...........

~ ~ ~ ...... ~ IJ ~

'5
l.:,
II

- -......
~ ~........... N. ~ ~~

r:--, 1

~ I ~ ~
""No 1;t

L--J
11
~
("

'-

....
C)

t:::t
b~"'Eg c:: 0
o
11)

:$"

UE «S ,

..Q

11)

:=
<1'1

1'1:1

~
-\d

\ ~

~ ~ ~

.......... ....... CQ

~ ~ ~

'""
~ '-N

0...,... !:! 0 ._ bO 111

o..ll)"O~ ..c __ iIJ..c:: ~ ... 11J

ofiEtl

.....v

> .........

~~

(1(\ bot:.

~\~ """\....-...t 1'1 11

...--....

c::.

+
~~

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II

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('of

r---, ._
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~

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I'i

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....... '-no- ..c .c I""l. E .... ..... 0
00 g u:.. ,Il)

...

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..... ~
;.

."o..gc
~

" ~II
.~

r;t
i

~
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~

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L-.z
11

..........

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II ~ ~ Ii:: ~

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...... ~

~
\Q

~ ~
::t-

o eo E '':; c:t: ._
(J

.1'1:10

tJ.. '" d>s:..c::J... .... ~_ ~

t'Il

C;
Cot-.

~\~
+
•
-

11
I

...

~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~

c5 c5 ..........
.t..

~ '>

~° .......Q ..c:c
o
III (J

c:: .-

c::

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~~

=c

.....

III
l-

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11
Qy

T""

II.)

MC~~8..

...

r-?

''';:; "C

O._

a::: a.

0._

r M

';;;; a.

Q "-

q:,
h

-,

trl

.;:t-

~ ~

1'1\ ...... \1

~ ~

~ ~ N
h
....

~ ~ ~ ~ ~
)1

~ ~ ~ " ~ ~ ~ ~

lI')

"',
II

u,

e
Gl

~~J
C\I

c e

~ ~
11-

s:

~~ ~

X
'~

....

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II

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~

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l~

t).....

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~~
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1
~ ~~

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~
'"t-

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II

s
\)

-<;)

~ QJ .~ ~ ~

...... .._.
00
,-..,

1
~
.\l

....

~l~
II

"'f.

~ ~ N
4-

~~
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1
Ii ~
I

......

~~
\1

~~

~I~
-;.

....

;:;:: c::,
~
;..

II

I'ij"

,
IJ

t\i
~~
1/

~ ~

"?....

-t::

$\~
1:)... .

.....

f'Ii
~~ ~

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~.... ~

,_

~~

~ C)

"i-

u
~.l",;,

~ ~

~ ~ ~ ~

~ Ii ri ~
0')

....
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Q.,

0::: ;:J

_. e
~

II ~
.C)

....

\ltl)
t) I'!') I~

II

~ ~

c!!
~ ~ ~
('{ \I

Ii

11 ~ ~ ~

.......
),;

~~ ~
II

~\rq
~

'0.

c
II

~
IQ

!\:
II
...........
I

'-Q

11

~~

.-..
~

r;j

,. ~I~
~

ij'" .."1
.......
Jl ~ ~

..-...

.......

0,.
t'{

~l" r-,
'I)

..........

...s;:: ~
.~

!:;

.q,

~\\
(l)

r.;:,

"'~ ~

.~

"
II

(I~
II

$\~
--+
~So
~

!\l +

~I*"
~

~ ..._

~I
.

"t
~

1\

.~ ......~.

1'11\'
~ II ~

+
~~ 11 ~.....
N
<;;::,'"

'!U

l.....

.....
~

~ II

r::E
\1 .c... Qr t)

>\.~
~

;..

~ ....

:::::...~

....::::

.....
~ ~ ~~

II

'"

3.79*

3 •.711* An inexpensive timer is to be made from a funnel as indicated in Fig. P3.7q. The funnel is filled to the top with water and the plug is removed at time I = 0 to allow the water to run out.. Marks are to be placed on the wall of the funnel indicating the time in 15-5 intervals from to 3 min (at which time the funnel becomes empty). If the funnel outlet has a diameter of d = 0.1 in., draw (0 scale the funnel with the timing marks for funnels with angles of 0 = 30 45. and 6£r_ Repeat the problem if the diameter is changed to 0.05 in.

~
Plug

FIGURE P3.7Q

.a, V,2 -¥jf+2j +.,;;/

':2

f _+ Y; + ~... ~1
::2.,

(I)

~R-~

where fJJ

~O

i!2 = 0 J

ts», if

-1i,1il :::1I 12-gh"

2

R» 1: \{ = f2gh' which when combined wilh

or

and ~ == ,..1f

fJz

~O

Z, =-0) «

Va

-71R21Jf
-

tZ ~ :,.4,2. ~ = 'ffa2f.21h'

....j!i~ __j
9ive~
(I)

or

Thus £". (J)

J

where R:: h tan e

becomes
411

h 2. fan'Le ~ =

i Vzgl/
from

h3~dh
h
3

= -'!:f~e di
T

(h rq. J. /"'dh = - ¥~~Jj (dl:

ha
0

of t-o as
or

willeh ct1IJ be i"feprqled

h :;/10

54] :::: d2{2j t ~[hS4_ ho - ~~~ ~.

Since h=o wJJe/} t~3m;1J ~ leOs it lo//olllo5 fhaf)
(2)

Thus,

[h~2- ~d;/;ftJ
s d" Y2(32.2fJ_)
8
-----:::T-Jt

~/5

ho 2· =

SA

n
or .

::::f
'-

d2

12(32.2J}2.)'(!80S)j 8 fanze
. d.

an

2.8

(190s)

(I __

w'-fh £1' (~) iives

t_)~/S
180

wh/ch whe» combined

h ~ 15.2

( fan

(j)

. ;/..(s

(1-'80)

t "...1;

where h ft
IV

d.",f'J and t~s

(con'l)

.._
-. ~ ... "0

,.......
\,
"10

t::::>
it)

en

"

C")

.w a:
LL

a..

~._
n
~~

,~
"

e -

::>

"
CIJ
fit

l <::s
:t: -::::,
~

..,"'~
'$c-l

'"
~

~~

4li
N ~ ~

~ ........

-.... <t\~

.:i ........
~

" t14

t'4
\1

........
~

Co '0

'$\~
+
~!a

" ... :::::::.

(4)"'~

~
~~

5.2
5.2 An incompressible (water) is given as
How velocity field

VIA =

--

C,

1. + - e,l m I s
r

where r is in meters. (a) Calculate the mass flowrate through the cylindrical surface at t = 1 m from z = 0 to z = 1 m as shown in Fig. P5.2a. (b) Show that mass is conserved in the annular control volume from r = 1 m to r :; 2 m and z = 0 to Z = 1 m as shown in Fig. PS.2b.

Cal

{bJ

FIGURE

PS.2

(a] The

gener(1/ expres5ion .fr;y

cylIndrical area
I •

W1tl.$S

16wrak

across

m, "" ~ I' it ndA

unifornt/y

A I is
Comf(}n~nf
C'II&""

Since /he radial d/yecfion

15

of ve/t7dly~ t.j.
(Ne

dt'slri6uM

A,

C(l;1

u5e
/11

hi;

;o(~1
1_

• fYI, .=

6200 0

AI) -R9
'5

: (999 ~
#»:A

)(1

P )(.21r

(h)

If

[..I' V. n d A
Cs ( -"

:: 0, Ihen
01 velocify

YI1Q$S

if

coaserved,
SWIce

However ks;OtI. ndli +he comjJoflel1f ana disfribufed

:::. m Z

and

norma/ we

-h:; each

cyl/nclr/~41 Glrl/loyl'JI/y

plane area of fhe.

over fhal

C.lNJ!rt;1

VOluMe is
hClJle

area
1fr2

==

f
0

,0

(Vl...../. AI
';

I1z

(21'r
an d

!J-:1 -

Zrr

;3 -

- v A 3 + -v A If ) ~3 ~y
I

0 ;) r 0

;3 )
J

/?'lass is

cl"Jserved.

5.15
5.15 Air at standard conditions. enters the compressor shown in Fig. ?S.lS a.t a rate of to Is. It Ieavesthe tank: through a 1.2-in.-diameter pipe with a density of 0.0035 slogs/ftJand a uniform speed of 700 ft/s. (n) Determine the rate (slugs/s) at which the mass of air in the tank is increasiag or decreasing. (b) Determine the average time rate of change of air density within the tank .

re

;'.

...,..,......_-.-.

_'-_'' ' ' 'iI'

-

_.. ..... ~

Tank volume

= 20 tt3

Or00238s'u~ft'-- -,_. ._ -_ _, ~- _- -

• FIGURE P5.15

use the.((I.) ~

Ctl'nfrol vO/U¥YJe
-;ne

w] ~/;,

The brvke»: 1;'nr.J.

¥ntlSl

crmse.vva/;'(fy} tJf
J 11

PY;:"'Clf;/-e
_V
(Jt,.+r

we

gel

D MJ'fs __ ,;,.

Dr - -

_ YM- _ -::/).~.
OlAr

{ 11'2

I '"

-- .a __A

r~1A1 ou/

Dfi1S'fj

Of

Pt
(h)

OM$'/l =
~S-YJ _

0.00'156

sIll.!!
:5

,_-

o.oo'lS6
r/ljJ s:

OtSo

.P__t.
Df

0.00 'fS{

0.00'15£ 20 ff'1

sll{j
.s

-q I _ 2-2fX 10 .5''fJ

-r

.'/".> f

:1

5.24
Storm sewer backup causes your basement (0 flood 3.1 the steady rate oJ 1 in. of depth per hour ..The basement floor area is 1500 fi,2. Wbat capacity (gal/mm) pump would you rent -- - [0 (a) keep lhe water accumulated in YOU]" basement at a constant / /1 level until.me,storm sewer is blockedoff, (bl. reduce the W8!er / : aeeumulatien m your b~emelll at a rate of 3 m./hreven \\1Ule / / ;__ _
the backup problem exists?

5.24

J- - - --- ~
/1
F

r
_

de fovm 109, OIitfnJ J VOIUmefhaf

CQI1

friil1 S

iNa fer

1
h
4rw'

i- - -/-

:~/ -'T _ ~r~//,-f/~.Y __ :

_ _ _ ~

/ /: _

--

--

-I

For a de{f,yq,i"j
over the
ConservatioYl

lIaw "u:t

.fl~w ,),

CCI1/rD1 1/IJ11Ib1e 1-haf COI1/ai"s Me wakr Ix:t~ewt.enf flOor (see Ske/ct, tlbcve) J the

of. mass
t-

E-fl'd¥
-at
or
CV

f / ~.ciA
cs fi
f/~id
In

pr//lci"le (t(l 5· /7) /eaas

fr;

o
aYld area.. (A) (l)

fby

consfanl

denS!;

dl?
d-l:

;,_.-.

Q.
tt.l

Q /Jut-

F;r

pa,r/-

fitJ·
~~

leads Iv

(J Ill./-:=;:

e:
use

To €va/Utf!e.«l;'
~f" :::

f'i' /
hr

wI",

Qluf=O' l_ ):

1Ju,s~
JZ5

A d h _ (1500 f.!.1.) ( /1';'.)(

dt:
J

/2. ;11.

and
Q()l4f
:; ('"12 sff

),I7,(. ny
dt
-

Y3

If$'

S~) /i:
(

~(J ~

"',,== ,).

I!;-' {, 1.dl
Ph",

F(JY

pari- bJ

£1' /

hI"

yields

Q(Jt.N = ,Q.-Adh In
9, I~Ll

,41_(i500H~ Q,' ~. 15.6 /h,....

"'WT·"

f- 3hr (t 2 ~.'" )/,'l7. ttl L,1/ I/l ),(to J'?!!l ,n')/,lf-, .l-,' ,_,,)
a, 1

, ~ 62 Qdut- ..'1 f.E.! .

, /'HI"

ff

hr

5.32
5.32 Determine the magnitude and direction of the x and y components of the anchoring force required to hold in place the horizontal 180" elbow and nozzle combination shown in Fig. P5.31.
Also determine the magnitude and direction of the x and y components of the reaction force exerted by the 180" elbow and nozzle on the Howing water.

Section (J)

FIGUUE PS.32

"I '" 15 psi VI '" 5 ftls

Foy de/ermin,,,
fone
foi"Ces

.fheX
w/uYnC

and
ftux

dll'tcfl~YJ

COMp()rJtnb

of the QI'Je/un.,#.J
pnti
~/(Jfe,..
(}J1}P

a.

CO?1fm /

f con

mlns

the elb(Jw"J'lO};/e

berweeyo.

:sec.JioJ'ls

(I

)and

(z.) is
rn
of

used.

TJJ

COl'lrnl

v()/"""e

fhe

1;"/l/lJlv~d

aye

S"~wh

the
tAe

sAe!,,'" lJ,;,e.ay

a60ve ~ A-l'pHc«h'a~ol
rnc.rne".ful¥!

the

ydl;ec-/ion

Gom.pontn+

quaHtJl'l

{Ef. 5". 2.2} /end~ -k

J:

Av .;,>,

;::

Applitafioll'
e4uaf;m
,t

of yleld$
I

-fhe., X QIt-eG-h'on

cdl'4pol1e ..d

o!--fk.

/i'n(tlI'I

h1tJW1enlun-,

- LA oU
FrD'm

A '2Z,:2 -

fM A

+h e

C/)7..,servah'on

or

-"

pA

F +fz A 1.. Alii

(J)

IYUI5~

e1u~hDn
(Z)

rn ::
Thll.J

PU1 A,
I

= fl'% A'l.
M
I

EtJ.
l.{II·

-P
taVld

A.

(u +
I

may be expre'6ed
tA Z. )..

==

P. A - F + r3,·2 bA
I],ll)(

Thus
,:

..
:: OU~.
rl") "T

'" AI A.

VI. 1II t u

.. P'li. r+ 11 (: l) .1
12.... 1. "

p.. 1r... . .'1

(con'O

5.32 (con't)

t-

(is H,.) 11' (/2 In.)

/YI.

lj

FfJr de/e¥,n,YJ;"j The xal14

Q

cOMpOhenlJof

fh~ re('(c:/ion .force

contra!

V(J/ql'H(

fhaf

u~lns(Jl1ly Ap,lklfh'tJeh
of

(J) Cf4..tcl (~)

of.. fhe

If /ihe4Y
0 = of

"f~d.

ihl!-WAk".. bc~en s~clio;11 fhe y d,;ecllan CtJMf.~J1eJ1f

mOm~hlulVj

efUa.n·on yieLds

1< :::
y

Apt licaf;'bn
iHOJ'Heh fuWl

The

dire c/''ol? fD

~t.(a. n'u;,

If:f<ds

!?x
tJr

- li90 II,

5.37
Water is sprayed radiany outward over 180 as Indicated in Fig. pS.37. The jet sheet is in the horizontal plane. If the jet velocity at the nozzle exit is'ZO ft/s determine the direction and magnitude of the resultant horizontal anchoring force required to hold be nozzle in place.
0

5.37

H-

_,..........I'I!II

The l.q~1
(/) a",.,d (Z)

VO/Llme

Inc

ludes

as

Ihdiatktl

the n()'J/e an(/ waler bdwe~'l s-ecnoj!}J I;' ike sl:.elvt. aHve. Applic«hDh d TJ,e Ihe
J;'

Y dtiecbon

Cdh1p",.,enf

of
.= -

Ilneay momenium

epaliOh y/e/r/s

f
F

1r

f
~

V.

CS A/}-

-tJf( - a cos
V o

n dA rr

4,1

B )(v.)

h R. de

:=:

;0 h R~

2.

(S-infi'-

~/n())

and

'F316

~ ~
N

~ ~

....

0:!~
N~ ~ ..... II
rI '"

r=>;
"it; ~ N
rJ

1.1

~'"
.:::s.'"
!"I

{::;.I~

~II"'~
tl~,

~ ,.--.....",

'4.....

~I~
s,
~
II

'<
r-,

r.J ....

'-.__...
1\

~ ~

~ II

co
.

.,;

5.39
A sheet of water of uniform thickness (h (1.01 m) flows from. the device shown in Fig. P5.~. The waterenters vertically throughthe inlet pipe and exits horizontally with a speed that varies linearly from 0 to 10 mls along the 0.2 m length of the slit. Determine the y component of anchoring force necessary to hold this device stationary.

5.39

F I OU R E PS.3.9

- _ .......

CC'wITn>

wllJ me. tkAtcoV\-b:t if' S

+'ke. hex.

povH 010"1

ot

+he. de \I~ ce

Q.Y\d.

e q,"'''' +\

fttc.. wtl+eY' I'" ~IL- .~. ~\skow" '\1'\ +ke.'Ske.fc..h ol,ove i~ used .' A rp \ iCit H D 11\ of +he y - d I~ non c.oW\POr'\ev\'t ot ~e:. 11f'Iet\ v MOWit.rrfu.......

F,.y'" I,..'tfl'v.ndA ~ '? \'

5U+

(h\

Iiie\c1.'

01 t

v~ hd"
',s (;hea. \'" ev

)D

The \far', a.+i 0 V'\ '\f' -:. 5'O.x

ot-

\r

IN

i#,x

Thus

r ~(?O)(),,,
o

0.1.

d)(

:=

5 .. 1 4
5.411 The exhaust gasfrom (be rocket shown in Fig. P5.41 a leaves the nozzle with a uniform velocity parallel to the x axis. The gas is assumed to be discharged from the nozzle as a free jet. (a) Sbow that the lhrustlhat is developed is equal to pAV2, wbereA 'TTD2/4. (b) The exhaust gas from the rocket nozzle shown in Fig .. PS.41h is also uniform, but rather than being directed along the s axis, it Is directed along rays from point 0 as indicated ..Determine the thrusl for thIs rocket.
r

--

'-...

(ol)

.J=r,v. (JM"f-(li..) We- LAfe

Ct.

ClI'JYI-roI velo me: 0,1 +/tt! l/ne6Y

CV~
.~ ~.:::~......

_ -. - -_, & -,..

a~

rne

ax/a'l

tnt!.. -tl'Jht'v!

,vtJ&k.el-a!shaWI7·

GfM1pone ...

{9~-:::_81_4- ~ .

~'lIn

.. ~___'

....... ~,";,, -

..

»n umen /-wIlY) ~.. '. 4;h·~ . ':'I',P//td -10. /hes .. .... . .. l4Yr~f.r ·Or fi1/S C V yle ld J Vp vA ::"thrust c/c,velq-,ecl
F(;.y
Off

(bJ

FIGURE 1P5.. 1 4

pCJtt+ (h) ~().!a

I,' tA hPn of fh e

/"

lA.f e.

C\.

UJ')..

-J.r.o I

V0

11.4 e m

(,1

T()

Yields

IIVJe aN
fi,yt)J

YnOhlet1

lu1'Yfe~ltrn,

Iv

tAt. en rvck/: IN.. CZJ?/4,1I of -/1,j5 c V

INn d

n:e

fA

or f

r
o

f' V· 11 dA ~

~A

f- de velopecl

..PIa.

V l. CO$'1 z TtYd r

7-

/--hy",! f d e.ve~

CLnd

'% z-rrp V '-f ~i'-{;-dr

()

5.42
5.42 Water flows vertically upward in a circular cross section pipe as shown in Fig. PS.4'l. At section (1), the velocity profile over the cross section area is uniform. At section (2), the velocity profile is

v=w,(R;'ynk

Section

(2)

where V = local velocity vector) w, = centerline velocity in the axial direction, R = pipe radius, and r = radius from pipe axis. Develop an expression for the fluid pressure drop that occurs between sections (1) and (2).
Section (1)

FIGURE P5.4Z

The (1nq/yfis
The
OJ

canbol

fh/5 pn:Jblem if .ri"?ilar 10 Iht:. OI1~ of ExoJ?"iPIe 5:/3. volume cOYlfalJ1J fhe (Iu/d IJnly belw~eYJ 5ec!icJ11s(/)andl:z.)
for

i"l1d/c~teri if] The skefe/'.

of

ilf'f//cal/on

(1f

fhe.

verI/cal or ~

cOYYlp"neh .f
-rhus

fhe

//near R

J11OmenltAl'VJ -l, '-AUa//"}'I /elldf

W
2

*
-

- W, r W,· 0

AI +

.f f
{JJ
2

2T! ray

:=;

p, A - R' r
I

+ fa. A 2.. v

\.U

~o

P,-T{
The
wei?ltf

of

~t
fhe

-eW~+(J.~rr[fG t;;-)]rd~ -t;[OJ

fhe co nrro

{il as

wa1&r I;'

votar-e

may be exfHd)eJ

~
The value
eZWtHoYi

= 9.fl1h
of

w£

mar
R
fAle.

be tJbfalnGi
1-

frdlYl

fhe.... consewabo» of ma.Z

a$ lollow.>

(J~ III "

Ot'"

Jf
o

(.R~)

ztt rdr

A, / 21r [K//{_..!)7r d r
W, o (I< fhe.,

.
P.

10 eva lu afe the»

/nfe?'I"ai

(Y) r d»

we

= -dr
/2.

(~)

(con'«;

5.42 (con't)

Thu. S

fY"1l'wI

&J. /

~-p_
2.

::

5s. lTRl.
fhe_

(b)

To eva1u. re a Thus
R
2

[(r;;r/rdr a

and. ~.

6 beCIJmeJ

p, - f;, "
Or

if.-f
In

W,'

+f

(1.02)

fJJ,~

+flfh

Note IJUlif
·il

c()"IYifSf porl/oi'?

~
ot:

f-he ,.-estill- of' EXdl"hp/e rhe.

fill??

s: 13, t1111y

a very :rmal/

p"essul'G

dr0/7 i.r due -Iu Secndn5 I

cht1J1Jge /J? fh~ mOmel? Q nd Z In thi.J ca se ;

lI~w 6e~en

a hole

In

,\ liquid nOl'"1 ",jIll a "elocily V through the. sade of I lalge: I~nk. Assume Iha(
V ~ J(I"

H~l

t. P. a)

" (m.)

OSC

1.00

,,!lUI: I, l~ Ihe depth of nurd "bont Ihe h"le,.- is the ACI2I~r.lt:ion (Of !r.,~t)', p the nuioJdrnsi!l". ilnd a the rurfiU [emlOn The foUo"inl; d.!ll. were .. bu ..ned by du1l11~1. " and me <uring ~'. "'Ito a R'llId "",jill! I ~fl.iii[)' IB' .Vm' MId
!urlJ.lle tension 0.014 III) m

Plollt1e5e data by w.mlt lJ'Pfopnnc dtmcn:S1Q~' le<I urilt>I«.Could ~I\)' ~ Ibe oripnll nrilbl<1 h."1: toten o!U.itlrd'

V:. LT·'

-J; ,; L

!~ LI'

t=

f"l.

-'r ~
I~T~ ""

;:r~

n:'

Iff""
B'J

fl,t;

pi 1Iuor~"" 5'- J" 2: f" ","PI Ni~I',y". I

1T."

IlUri.t.;~ r6~ IT,

A:.~

IT ...

(c,o... &""~, I'

tt: ~
>-

(1{'i1

{~f."u,," vJ: :!- .,;, ~

~d

ft.T .') 'i (LJ 'f,

,-I .

:i

/!.J_3_' '" r;",-'r')

,r
fI,.".l)

IT

J.

(tT"'/(U"
FL-'

.F'"L'r-

(J,~ci. om<J HI.- T:

I'.J..Z. ::: a:

J1

(l.T-'J (1.).
.J'tII,~.I.

_-=

'"'

Ju<'

L'

r:

;'1« i 7'7:;c u"'"",.ikJ

1"''''''= ...

.nH.

l"_:rJ

"s,." th#E:
rr ", ..

u ;,.~

v!tji.

tit" cmdlrr{-

Il

I"'fj't",c,.l d- I'IJ.·/r T~n,

· I1lJ71 j7Eli1
Ol7IJ" "l901l

rrrav 1]:l nil m

• •

'70"lr.l1i "l901')

Re

puL
f.l

a2

pOJII

Ii
lin
"lTAm "l1A.il'J
I.

7'11.1.

nl9'9~

nll'ilO

Tnl},)

i'l'::I.l.lYl

Iran airplane travels at D speed of 1120 km/hr at an aHiluoc of 15 kID, what is the required speed at an altltude of 7 km to satisfy Mach number similarity'! Assume lhe air properties correspond to those for the U.S. standard atmosphere.

7l!.,

:"}'IN .f

~"I

if.. ""

~..#

/tIl

.!III!!!'tI

e~ ":;:.1.

,"iii
~~
::;:,1

!,".~-.~ ~
«J

t'!~~
(EJ '" I

-1,

A:.

..II~

'~S_

_!11.~~ 'f""~"C ~; ~ ~ ~•....

To:- -~,
~ . ../. J T=- ~].=

r"f

(~~

,";0)

H-~: .:'U ,..

~- ~ ~• .I

{."~r .c~~

111~t

7.30
, ,:Ill

_,! • hr.:e fuJI: Iuot<hd}

"3kZ

!be fi;h .... rmrci ill "p""

""_".~ fiUc:l

.h'p",.,tlJ ~

lie .nOb"" .n UI: ~ !be <oJ", 01 """ unl<

1Iu""&h"~'''~
c..
1~-n ..

is ,upplim \!IrJ>UVo ~ ¢l'" .. n.: _.,. .. m.in:d tile ,,-nt ,~V'odtoon.J_JA.1TIC7J::I ,.;." .1<f'J!~ >COl< m 1:13 i' ...lie o>td ... ~ lIE •.:1<><1'1. If. -.0: __. ~...-dlm A3.1um< "' .. I' - ttl. P. '" f Q)"""'" d",,"'tui<litl ....9I> "",L .. ".,._ ..... will. t, ~". • or <Ill...- f""Il" ...... iMl~~.[l!Iirldqll.h.~p h Ih: IIuW 4asiIJ.. '" .. Jltc fImi<I 'riIomity . .- " 11'1:: ~-

W!k< ""=!l \!Ink '" "l'I'"",im;td} "'l""'" "' am-o:n.. ud tlw: .:;;!h"", S1l'l""J>r_ To "'"

r.~)~~"';"""O<lofdi"",-I
..... rrob"'"
~ 11 10

~ <rtt>;ty .......

Il .. lh~ di.~""",

'<Om

~...,.,.. .. i\lJ !tit ~

,""\>AII:_ h."""" .roa-

ml ,Il! r=i",1Jvn "'10"''''. b< ..,J r.... Ibc rnaoid_ C1f" til ~f lite "",,'hIil~ I><- .aurliodl E.rpl.in _I rurl""'ll"'" .....,. .. <aIcoo1 .. "" 1"1 II tbr -. ""'" II;~ [qn __ ....... i. ~ £1' .... ~"rrd h>o ,I>: ...,..,1 oIiJddrl'" mamlOI ........." ""aobcr .. ~ Wbt ",..&:I dicJ"b .;JI COR"O;oonc:I '" I ~ '" 3l ;,,_ ill olE hll-li7nl ...,I:.?

d"""", Ibc IIDk. ... ~I'" [lit' iIIo ~. If

d.,,,,,n_'),,

c::..... ..

'!40.,

~
~.IIii

.,.!

~r.i¥"'}.."..

"'T .,

~J.'

• (.

.dt

tI'" I£t) ~. I'r,"' -,.,.

F1
.....
L

"" ~

l"'!'~,'''I- .. -

.......... ~ ~ ........

.....~ I

,",.I.IIIIII',ft,t'.h

l'",.

.t~~
;;!111'

f.:t ;:. • -;:

11' ••

1:'1-.

~.!~~=
rf:~.1~

~ 1:7.. • r,:
i- ~I r

Ill' _ - ,; Q ~ "!lr te4 ...... "" ''1 ..,....-1:

7·i~.!r:T
At

&J~

~ ~-~~

~~~.

/~

;-=-;
5.-(~.IIII'
J..Jt...
... '-¥'

~
e...
;!").011!~ ~

"t~
r

..Ii,.J'n

i, ""'J",,,"of.a.t

Jir"_

C;

(J=t'&
J
,tIII''\ ~

'~rfl'lllttl"n
t ,.,~}" .. ~

~I
.:..,. ...

It

:Ii"t',.loII1",h"",

o!«.l.

Ih~"

II.

6....""'.:!!:rf:r~

~ ..,-.;

I.",=ft 1._
0

t_

:L
I

I!!j

10

:1,..i.

i7f'"

,. nor

JLr _

=r: T
z'-oss

L_.

:or;;

..J..

.:
;->"

~}I I~.:,!lu u.o..~ u

{t!<o4.1 -..~...,

".>-~ .
~

,.,ra......

7),".

'i)(.~

-J ~ ~

6.. 4R 1
r
6.14R (Viscous flow) .61viscous liquid (/L '- O.OI6Ib s 'fi, = 1_79 slug:;Ifr31 fiOW3 through the annular space between two horizontal. fixed conceruric cylinders, If the radius of the inner cyl inder is 1.5 iaand the raw u~ of the outer cylinder is 2.5 in .. what is the volume flowratc when the pressure drop along the axis of the annulus is 100 Ib/ ff! per It?

6.15R
6.15R (Viscous flow) Consider the steady. laminar flM of an incompressible fluid through the horizontal rectangular chan-

nel of Fig. P6.1SR. Assume thai the velocity components in the

.t

and y directions arc zero and me only body force is the weight. St.art with [he 'sa\ier·Stokes equations. (a) Determine the a~ prepriatc set of differential equations and boundary conditions for this problem. You need nOI solve the equations. (b) Sho .... that the pres urc di mbution is hydrostatic at any particular eros section,

FIGURE P6.15R

f 4)

Fr4J117

the J,scr;ptJ~ c{-the pHJ1tn1J a = tJ) Y=-0j ,~ = ";, 3,:: -31 3"'1 «o J WF f{tJ (/Htl the. ~~nf:.J;'''I=t'J '~lJllftPIi /,;r!ttd-HJ -nut dUT :().wi1i. J .0 ~~ q(/) r - StaRt'S Rj{16 t J(;,,_S (E 1. 4,Il. 7) 1'"edut"< -/; fhes t C4JJf It'fuil1.5 -fh to Jl e
{'.>

:: 0

0) r

2.)

+-

a .'1~.

.(j2.W)

.(.3)

(h)

Ln fe'lt'4 heJi-J

/d/' = - !f#
p:: - fJ 3
E' . 3

4tJ/

El.l

'L)

I.j; e ids

d~

!J + ~ (K, 7:)
d

JI.()W~ ve;; ./rOIJ1

(}) ) -F

n ()i

E.Z . {If}

he Cil'1I1' es

c~ )

c..JleY"t!.

C IS .a; ~J1SUII-l: .. ~$ua t";Jf (S) the PY~S.s"Ye dl5fri bubiJ" IJ h!ldf"bs~t:l('
CY'~S> seduon,

111"rfi

(~;.J.e.s

-s. t

aiq

SJlVfU

7.12R
1.12R IDimensionless goveming equations) An ineompressiblc fluid is contained between two large parallel plates; 3" shown in. Fig. P7.12R. The upper plate is fixed. Ifthe fluid is initially at rest and the bottom plate suddenly starts (0 move \\ ith :~ constant velocity, U. the governing differential equation describing the fluiu motion is
UII pdt
= J.L~

;fit

d_' -

[..

where u b. the velocity in the .r direction. and p and p.iU'e the fluid density and \'iscosil}.respectiveJ}. Rewrite the equation and the initial and boundar) conditions in dimensionless form using h and U ;l~ reference parameters far length and velocity. and 1,J.p/ p.. ib a reference parameter for time.

IFIGURE P7.12R

Let

..::so

ot*
tc=o
1:(911

The In,'h;') ~ntlf-hf)A q It tI 1/1e heCl1ne

bo« n t/qr'J
tl ;: I.a
.If

d; i-1f)AJ

o.-t t = 0
II

a-l:.

!t i#.=a

= 7/

bP(WIfS

tt,

*= Oa t t 1'r=
d.

{J;

at. !1:=0; a=0

t(, #-

(JIt tI

=0

ai:!:J

t !1= -l;

II=:.

I. tJ .

7.60
An open channel with a rectangular cross section has a width of20 ft and carries water

7.60

at a depth of4 ft at a fiowrate of 60 fills. A model is to be designed, based on Froude number similarity, so that the discharge scale is 111024. At what depth and flowrate would the model operate?

J=i:,,..

!=r~IIt1~ numkt s/m;/tt,;-1!J;

V.,., Where

J.

V 1 1t'fH ..
is
.jDme

YfR

:V=V!f

C.h4YJl(;terIStJ~

leJ1j1n J

a~d

w;il1

r 8"""

S I h ce,
Cross

SeCb()f14/

the. flowratt Q =- V A) c.JJ., £lye aree ,

A is 1ke (ippYOpY/~k.

~: ~~ ~V;' 4r
to ZLf
(I)

a~d
model

-h,y

c...

deplh

0, 05"8~ S

~3

7.67
7.67

A viscou: fluid is contained between ide. parallel plate paced a di ranee h apart as shown in Fig. P7 .67. The upper plate is fixed. and the bottom plate oscillates harmonica I() with a velocity amplitude U and frequency w. ThL; differential equation for the velocity distribution betv cen the plates is

p-.:-=p.~
rl/

au

a2u
"y-

where u i. the vel city. I is time. and p and J.I. are fluid density and \ isco it}, respe 11\ ely. Rewrite thi equation in a suitable nondimensional form u ·ingh. U. and was reference parameters.

FIGURE P7.67

Let

y *": Ii
Ou.
d-t.
(JU=

lj

tt
I

JJ.::'

U tr

and(

-i ~=

cut
-

So

-that: :

a(VtL# ) dtl- - U # (,L" (til) -t?.f.

at

V w_ dU*
oi;-I/

d--I::""

O!J

tf(V(J.~)~";. /)!jJt OJ
), ~

U Of.,L#(-_!_)=
~!1*

Q!3 _ £ a
O:J t

J:I-

Thus)

-the

"''',lnAI
;1l/ev
I

LaJ ~
;t-!tI

(dU -If)

£i:J. f _
d!1

V
l.

d 2 U. '* tJ J~ z

tI,!kYfn·t;ol (/gH.a-t//);, beut11e.s

Ju.* _

1L [/

J'Zu.*

/~
=

~ !:f* 2:

[~~hJ :::

7.66
7.66 Start with the two-dimensional continuity equation and the Navier-Stokes equation (Eqs. 7.35. 7.36. and 7.37) and verify the nondimensional forms of these equations (Eqs. 7.38, 7.41, and 7042).

The. /lilt/bas Irlll'1slbrmAIII}~ dU. .. J(Vu..#JJxf.

tAh
::- --;

be male as k//f)lJIs,'
);(-14

ax. -

0;(.1'.

P.x.

V Ju#-= _t ~ ~ () l/" _ _k: sr" 41j - .J ~!J+

J Zu'"
J)(*
1..

f/;t,(

illni/f/1"Ij)
~ :: ~ p;<' .J. J tTl-

sx "

Also)
an"

J "2u. :: ~

oX

2.

.t ox "'0;<'10

e:
~
. d!Jl.

.?;,).

ayt-:

~-Ic

=:

~~

12.

511n1111

;)"2. v- _

rl'J,/

pXi. -

]L

V J z. 1/-11
~.(,,1.

;/2. fA. =

)1-

JL

0" tJ.. ,.

;!J.~
or+

/br tlte /OCtJ/

ot':
tllIlIl .5/m//cIi"/YI

s«

acce/fntbOJlJ

J(Vu-ll)li.J..;::

Jt-"'"

~t

V Ju'"
1:

it-~;;~

Ju- _ V d y#.

( CO"

i)

8.16R
8.16R (M ultiple pipes) The three tanks shown in Fig. PR.16R are connected by pipes with friction factors of 0.03 for
each pipe. Determine the water vetocny in each pipe Neslect minor losses.
D=l.lft
t",

700 ft

FlGURE P8.16R

Hence} ~ = O.69/f Vj +0.8'10 V% For fhe fJow from II to C J with 1'19 r::f~ :::OJ ~ =- Vc :::. , we obfail) 0
ZIl

Tho», -E4"Vs ~ -: D,'_~+/D}v,.

Assome the flow from hoth fonks A ana B is il1lo Iqnl! C or Q3 = 4', +4>"
J
J

or

lZ2. ~ = 1.02. V, + /.1

v,.

(l)

or

= s; t f.~ 1:1.1 t ~ ~ Y4.~ or J!t ~ Zf.J

I

838 ff _ eost! + 0.03 Jeooftv,\ 60011 v,:2] .2(32.Zfi)L III I 1.2.ft 3

33

= 0.373

v,z

~~

+ O. 233 y!2. f~w

(2)

S;mil4r/y for the

Z
8

=s ft!!'
C

.2. D~

2f2.

1!. + f..3 &. Xi . 860(1 =805 ff + 2{32.2~) -r.rrt'2 + o.03.f'70oHv7.. D.3 'lIar
..
2

from B +0 C I

with fs::::lc=o

~:::

=oJ we ohfQilJ
60011 U2]
1.2ft:3

or

'fS.:: 0,296 \4 + O• .2.33 ~

(1.)

(3)
fOf ~
J

Thus}

3 et{vtrlioQ.s ({q{~ 4I1JI3))

v".1 and ~.

Solve as follows:
('I)

S lIbfrac f
}2=O.296

frem

(3)

10 ob fain

Vzl.-O.37311,2
\.)

From

(t):

= Ilifl. 6 -1.6 y,2.'J or

J

when combined wifh

-2.27~2.

\n:
-0.826

/1'11.6 -1,6V/' =O.69¥

V, fO.S'I()'{,_ or Vz. = /200

to obtain:

V,

(5)

Comhine £'(s.
o.

('I-) and (5)

';96

.:=

f '2.00 Lt' -2.2.7V,,2.'-0.826

i

~I]

2._

O.I13 0.'1.96

Wnlc

.t •

hI. C/JII
_/ .

De 31mp me

/,·f.

J +0
(6)

~ j200-2.27V,2 = Q6.5 -I. 7:z.s 11,2 obl,in (oller simplificDtion) ;

1

By s'ftlarin9 Ihis 9tpI"fion

i

we
-

Nole; The !1 =8.81 solution is an exlrQ rtlo1 intr,tluced hy Sf/vtJrin'l

If is nut Thus
V.I -. Q

\1~ ..5 ~ 4-177¥-;0 Hence: -/01 Thus, ~:: a.89 fj or ~ = 11;73 g.

so/ufiln

~2.::

101.5 ±V/~.52

-1I(/77¥)

~~I
22/1'

&q.t&J,

beCDRJS5 8S '200-:z..l-7(8.89Z)
if.

,1

Df -/hI oriqinal Efs.

•
:i:
?

(J),(;.~{J).

For this valve J Elf. (I)

,..

96.S-/. 72.5 (S,89) or

~ -[
.3 0.233

'fO~-1fO -'.s

.•
I

73

fi oS, Vl,=

Trom '1'

s:

(2.)

33 -O.373(4.73)2.J~J.J

0 3 H.

and from EfJIJ

/0.3 ~.08~9:(II.73):: 8.35 ~