Italy before the Romans Etruria: before Roman - Distinct culture identity - Pre-Roman civilization - Extremely rich in metal

resources Architecture Model of an Etruscan temple of the 6th c. BCE based on description by Vitruvius [] [No good stone in the area to work into sculptures] [Emphasis on the roof] Sculpture Apulu (Apollo), from Veii, Italy Ca. 500 BCE (Etruscan) Over-life size representation of Apollo Nice body proportion (focus?) Not a stiff frontal standing figure: reaching forward, not static, but dynamic Naturalistic tension to the ear Masculine legs, chest Hollow inside [ Archaic ,] Sanctuary at Veii Four statues on the roof Sarcophagus with reclining couple, c. 500 BCE (Etruscan) Not a typical representation of male and female in Greek art not close Culture context Funerary: inside is the deceased Emphasis on the individual Details: flat legs, hair, smiling Archaic face, arms, gestures Proximity & maybe eggs in their hands: symbol of generation Tumuli at Cerveteri Cut into the XXX stones, easy to construct and bury not good material for sculpture Not constructed into blocks

Tomb of the reliefs at Cerveteri, ca. 350-325 BCE Family tomb Mural, Tomb of Hunting and Fishing, Tarquinia, Italy, c. 530 BCE (Etruscan) Natural, colorful Diving into the underworld Remind of another landscape mural* Leopards, banqueters, and musicians, Tomb of the Leopards Tarquinia, Italy, c. 500 BCE (Etruscan) Ceiling decorated Celebrating the deceased Enjoying food and drinks served by servants Focusing on the celebration Funerary context: completing whats happening, celebrating the afterlife Fingers of the musician Chimera of Arezzo, 4th c. BCE (Etruscan) Dedicated to XXX God Snake tail, feline body With other bronze artworks suggest: part of a larger composition Hole on the butt: wounded Balance: abstract & naturalist elements Stretching out body Simplified & stylized head [Bellerephon v. the Chimera] Aule Metele, c. 100 BCE (Etruscan or earl Roman) Romans growing stronger Inscription on the bottom of his clothes Signet ring Boots of senator: important people in the city Portrait: mature individual - winkles [Compare with the Spears bearer] The gesture: giving a speech his wealth, role in Roman society, wisdom