Learning Exercise 1

Briefly discuss the foundations of directed and constructivist instruction

Directed instruction is based on the theory that knowledge is separate and exists
outside the human mind. For learning to be effective teaching must be systematic and
structured. This form of instruction is teacher directed and centred. Learning is
measured through the use of standardised tests. Students are expected to pass the
same tests because of the belief that standardisation means accountability. Directed
instruction methods are based on cognitive behavioural and information processing
theories.

Constructivist instruction on the theory that knowledge is constructed not transmitted

therefore learners do activities in order to generate knowledge. It is based on the
enquiry approach. The belief is that humans construct knowledge in their minds by
experiencing things through participating in exercises. The belief is on hands on
learning where each individual learns in his/ her unique way and creates their own
version of knowledge which is shaped by individual experiences. Learners learn
through discovery. Testing is not standardised but is able to show what the learners
have learnt.