activities in Toronto; Exnet, "maintaining contact among all Canadian aid programmes and between the Canadian scene

and draft and military counsellors and the anti-war resistance in the States"; and, Out-post, which is "designed to serve a similar function for more American [deserters] and war-resisters all over the world - to send news of the U.S. resistance to Sweden, England, Japan, Vietnam and everywhere else that members of the A.S.U., the C.R.V. and the growing ranks of deserters are scattered and to bring back news here .... " The American Servicemen's Union and the Committee of Returned Volunteers are of course revolutionary organizations working to destroy our Anned Forces. C.A.R.M. does its "counselling" at a place on Huron Street called The Hall. Mrs. Merril naturally wore a sweatshirt and dungarees, which produced a discreet, proletarian tone. She is a science-fiction writer, who came to Toronto from Milford, Pennsylvania, two years ago. In 1968, in Chicago for the Democrat Convention, she drove for the Medical Committee for Human Rights, a revolutionary outfit which was part of the Communist attack on the police. Indeed, she told me she "hoped to see a lot of cops shot." She assures us that "all the violence after the assassination of Martin Luther King was caused by the police." Dictatorship is a necessary prerequisite to a police state, she explains, and a total police state is the only thing that can happen in the States - no matter who gets elected. Since she is so opposed to repression, I ask what she thinks of the fact that the Canadian federal government financed the Poor People's Conference; and the possibility that Trudeau is just using it. She smiles. "It's very hard to think of the government as your enemy," she says, "if the government gives you the money to say it." Pierre apparently sets Mrs. Merril all atingle. His intense masculinity leaves her no choice. The Johnson and Nixon Administrations have of course been financing Communist revolution for years, through such programs as the "war on poverty," but she doesn't explain why she thinks they are against her. The only solution, she says, is the elimination of national sovereignty. She would convene a world constitutional convention to create a World Government. Would it be possible, I ask, for Americans to participate in such a government with the Communists in Russia? Certainly, she says. "There is as much freedom of speech in Russia as there is in the United States." There isn't any freedom of speech in Russia. Mrs. Merril's daughter comes in with her boy friend, Alan Reed, of Logansport, Indiana. Mr. Reed deserted from the Medical Corps at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. He is very happy in Canada. And his parents have visited him five or six times. In Carmmunique for December 14, 1970, we read of the impending visit to Toronto of Clergy and Laymen Concerned About Vietnam. The C.A.R.M. is very enthusiastic about Clergy and Laymen Concerned which, among other such things, is discussing arrangement of trials for "war crimes" of American Prisoners of War. In the same issue, we read of a dinner for "refugees," who will be entertained by revolutionary Dick Gregory and Communist Pete Seeger. A Look At The "Life Style" Then there is a place called Rochdale College, a hi-rise commune near the University of Toronto. Rochdale isn't really a college, but a "free university" like those in the States, working to revolutionize the U.T. area. At the American Consulate 18
AMERICAN OPINION

we are told about "Rochdale bombs" - beer bottles thrown from the windows during the frequent police raids. The building is loaded with drugs, we are told; there is human excrement in the halls and the inmates race motorcycles on the stairs. Needless to say, Rochdale is financed by Canada's federal government, with money taken from the pay of Canadian workers to do so. At the entrance to the building, we get on line to be questioned. Someone explains that Rochdale has already been raided that day. We are duly questioned and admitted. And in an apartment on the eleventh floor, we find Steven M. Lowe, among several other residents. He is twenty, recently was "landed," and says he will become a Canadian citizen. Steve was born in Indianapolis, at 603 North Jefferson, "a dump." Steve's father worked in a metal shop and invented something, but Steve does not remember what it was. Today his dad is doing very well, as an estimator in the construction game. But Steve never could understand his parents. They fought to rise, which to Steve makes no sense. Steve is satisfied with nothing. When the time came, Steve Lowe was drafted, but for some reason other recruits began threatening to kill him, so after five weeks he deserted, leaving behind his beads and bells. He had decided to go back, at least to get his beads and bells - they clicked and tinkled so beautifully - but another deserter named Blue (Danny Stevens) talked him out of it. The F.B.I. later came in the front door and arrested Blue, but Steve went out the back door and got away. In Brown County, Indiana, a man named Tom Canada had "bought a town," turned it into a commune and is trying to "bring the bison back." Near the town there is a cave in which Steve hid out, at the suggestion of someone known only as Sheepdog. Sheepdog later tipped him that the F.B.I. was on the way, so Steve left and began living in the woods. He lived in the streets in Indianapolis. He lived with Nancy and her two kids on Meridian. He took drugs and developed hepatitis. Steve tried to get into Canada once and was refused. Marge, twenty-six, a go-go dancer, got him drunk and they went to the border, but Steve had no "LD.," so Marge went back to her husband. All three are good friends. Someone named Lynn finally drove him to Toronto, on her way to see her boy friend. She and Steve entered Canada on September 26, 1970 - his birthday. He found people "grooving" on pot in a cafeteria. "I was so happy. It was a dream come true." Steve now sits on the springless, wooden bed, under a psychedelic poster, and explains that he is working in a record shop for $1.50 an hour. He is very friendly and somewhat manic. He gets up and announces he must see his chick next door. She wants to go to college, he explains, but she can't. She is suicidal and recently "dropped" (took) 260 grams of Valium. "Bring her back," I say. "Can I?" he asks with delight. "Sure." And he goes out. Also sitting on the bed is Dave Marco, who simply didn't report for his physical. Dave has a degree from a junior college, and is now paid $75 a month as a counsellor at The Hall. He gets up, goes to the refrigerator, and brings us some beer. Then there is Nancy, from Philadelphia (not the same Nancy Steve once lived with), who says she recently had an abortion. Nancy is not wearing what you squares would

call clothes. She is wrapped in what appears to be a large piece of felt, held together with a safety pin. She used to live at Rochdale, but contracted a condition which Dave calls "negative energy." Now she lives nearby and visits. Steve comes back with Esther, his girl. "We just dropped Psylisibin," he announces with delight. (A druggist later told me that what Steve meant was this: Psylocybrin.) "It breaks down socializing barriers," Dave explains. "Hard" drugs, such as heroin, "speed" (amphetamines), opium and MDA, are barred from Rochdale and are cause for eviction, he says. "Soft" drugs, such as marijuana, "hash" (hashish), mescaline and "clean" LSD, are permitted, but clean LSD is hard to find because eighty percent of the stuff sold has been cut with strychnine or speed. Esther has never used Psylocybrin before and I ask her what she feels. She seems almost in a trance. "Nothing," she says. Esther recently stayed at the Toronto Free Youth Clinic, a "freaks' hospital," Dave explains. The clinic provides legal advice and solves such problems as pregnancy. Esther was raised in Toronto and saw her parents a month ago. They are old-fashioned immigrants from Europe and "don't understand." Esther won't go to college. The effort is too great. She lives "day by day." She has no plans. The fire bell rings and we hear running feet. The fire bell is the signal that Rochdale is being raided. But the warning turns out to be somebody's joke. Also in the room is Eddie from Brooklyn, who has a good job in data processing. Ed is twenty-five and was born in Russia. His family emigrated to Poland, and then to Israel in 1957. His father was a Zionist who became disillusioned when he discovered that Zionism is a "dirty, Capitalist trick." So in 1959, he brought the family to the United States. Ed explains that his father is a Communist, and is thinking of returning to Communist Russia. Ed went to the University of Buffalo, spent a year in the Army, and deserted. He doesn't "feel like killing," besides which he is a Socialist, he says, and "the other side will win." The Vietcong are leading "a popular revolution." 1 ask about the F.L.Q., and Dave and Steve say they oppose it because it's violent. Ed says the F.L.Q. is "nuts." There's no need for it. Canada, he says, will accept Socialism without it, because of the country's English background. Trudeau is brilliant but has "misguided loyalties." He "should be more attached to the working class." He "overreacted" with the War Measures Act, which is one reason Canada is not so good as it was twenty years ago. Bruno, who came from Czecho-Slovakia not long ago, says it's certainly better in Canada than in his former country. Ed shakes his head. "It's basically better in Czecho-Slovakia," he says. "Capitalism is self-destructive," he explains. The Russians steal from the Czechs, says Bruno, "and if you don't work, they put you in jail." But Ed doesn't buy it. "They take care of you," he says. Sitting next to me is Lloyd McDougal, a seventh-generation Canadian with a wispy, Ho chi Minh beard. Lloyd excuses Trudeau, who "had to take action." Lloyd also says he once tried to get into the States to join the anti-draft forces, but the Americans at the border would not let him in. Maybe it's that wispy, Ho chi Minh beard. We get up to go and Lloyd gets up too. He puts on a World War II, Canadian Navy, First Lieutenant's overcoat, with "peace" symbols sewn into the epaulets. As he does so, he says that among those arrested on May 9,1970, at the demonstration at the U.S. 20
AMERICAN OPINION

Consulate, only one pleaded guilty and paid a $10 fine. He had been charged with burning refuse without a permit, and told the judge that since what he had burned was an American flag, he could honestly make no other plea. Lloyd strokes his Ho chi Minh beard and chuckles. He is sure that we too are highly amused. The Network In Ottawa Then there's the truly sad story of Vernon Dann. Vern is twenty-two, and comes from Norwalk, Ohio, where his father has worked for Westinghouse for twenty-nine years. Vern studied engineering at Ohio State University for three months, and then for nine months at Tri-State College in Angola, Indiana, but decided he wasn't interested and quit. For a short time, he worked on a Ford assembly line in Lorain. In December, 1967, he enlisted in the Navy, to get his choice of duty (electronics), passed the tests, and went to boot camp at Great Lakes. Later, Vern served on the US.S. Opportune, and on the US.S. Georgetown, a "spy ship" doing technical research. His record was perfect, but he got disillusioned, because "the Navy doesn't let you think for yourself." This is understandable, he says, in boot camp, where he had no problems, but later "you don't get any time to yourself." There was no privacy. He lived with more than a hundred other sailors in a big room. He didn't like the discipline. He didn't like the pay. He was away from home and Vern got depressed. Indeed, "The people around you are depressed for the same reasons." Once a cook on the Opportune tried to poison himself. A kid walked around crying. Most people are all right after a year and a half, says Vern, but he wasn't. After five months he began to think of deserting. He saw a psychiatrist. Then one day in Norfolk, "a guy with long haif" came in and distributed material about the "anti-draft movement" in Canada, which included information about the Toronto Anti-Draft Programme. Vern read it, saw desertion was possible, and called T.AD.P. a few days later. In June, 1969, he entered Canada through Detroit on a bus. The Toronto Anti-Draft people sent him to stay with two writers. Then T.AD.P. drove him and four others to Ottawa, where Professor James Wilcox, of Carleton University, apparently took over. Vern stayed with a school vice principal named Gordon McClure. He worked in the kitchen of a local A. & W. Root Beer stand. On January 28, 1970, he was "landed." Today he is part of the "management team" at McDonald's and likes it. If he keeps working hard he could become an assistant manager. Vern is ambitious. He wants to make money. He hasn't adopted the aboriginal "life style." But Vernon Dann is still unhappy. He's homesick. At first he kept insisting he "would do it again," perhaps trying to believe it. But then he opened up. He wants to come home. He says he still thinks of himself as an American. He did what he did because he was emotionally disturbed. Vern naturally doesn't relish the possibility, but says he's now ready for the brig, if allowed to finish his hitch. He says he loves America. He says he's against our defeatist, no-win policy. He says we should win the war and get out. He says he would fight for the United States to win. AMERICAN OPINION has talked with the Navy about Vern, but so far we're still being run around. Does the Navy want this man back - or doesn't it? His address is Box 577, Hazeldean, Ontario. 21

Professor James Wilcox ran Assistance with Immigration and the Draft until recently. It was to him that T .A.D.P. sent Verno He is a former American from Detroit. In the living room of his comfortable home in Ottawa, he relates that his wife, Joan, told him that if he were drafted she would "invest in North Vietnamese savings bonds." The memory is pleasant and Wilcox chuckles. "She wanted to invest in a winner," he explains. Joan Wilcox chuckles too. Between them there is an almost tangible rapport. She is sitting on the couch in regulation dungarees and sweat shirt, exuding a discreet, proletarian tone. Her voice is explosive, her movements abrupt. Joan Wilcox is boiling with righteousness. I ask her husband what he tells his clients, and her sweat shirt heaves. Her voice booms out, My phraseology smacks of paternalism, which she hates. Properly chastened, I rearrange it. Most of the arrivals have no political motivation, says Wilcox, The American Deserters' Committee in Montreal forced them to listen to politicizing. He explains that the American military system is only "a symptom of the economic system which exploits them even more." Wilcox became involved in February, 1968, and lobbied in Parliament to change government policy. But Bill Spira, of T.A.D.P., is "Mr. Deserter." It was Spira who established the machinery, atmosphere, and procedures for deserters. Unfortunately, says Wilcox, his organization is "screwed up now." So many thousands of Americans are arriving that T.AD.P. has been telling them to go home and continue the fight in the United States. There are 75 to 100 of them at Carleton University. In the American Northwest, says Wilcox, "there are retired American military men who are part of the underground railway." In Detroit, American officials check buses leaving for Windsor. The A.lD. has been getting thirty customers a week, and Wilcox believes there are more than 50,000 in Canada. But the Wilcoxes are still dissatisfied with Canadian policy. Immigration authorities, they say, should classify Americans as refugees. The government should give them housing and welfare until they're settled, Joan adds. There must also be changes in America, says Wilcox. Much more should be spent fighting pollution. Money should be taken from the war and put into the ghettos and soon. The Russians would be happy to react to an American peace initiative, such as an immediate pullout from Vietnam, or an end of arms sales to Israel. Would America have anything to fear? No. The Russians can be trusted, And someone must take the first step. America must change its "arrogant idea that the U.S. has cures for all social and political ills." I ask whether this means we should disregard the scheme concocted by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace - headed by Soviet spy Alger Hiss and then by his good friend Joseph E. Johnson - to invade South Africa and overthrow its government. Both the Wilcoxes get very nervous. They've never heard of such a thing. They don't believe it. Will somebody please send them a copy of Apartheid And United Nations Collective Measures, at 78 Riverdale in Ottawa? As for the future, Canada will get more nationalistic, "because a small band of Canadians are sacrificing themselves to show that Canada is a branch plant of the United States." The level of repression in the States will become part of Canada, he ~"v~ "no will be imposed more easily because Canadians are less easily aroused.

Professor James Wilcox ran Assistance with Immigration and the Draft until recently. It was to him that T .A.D.P. sent Verno He is a former American from Detroit. In the living room of his comfortable home in Ottawa, he relates that his wife, Joan, told him that if he were drafted she would "invest in North Vietnamese savings bonds." The memory is pleasant and Wilcox chuckles. "She wanted to invest in a winner," he explains. Joan Wilcox chuckles too. Between them there is an almost tangible rapport. She is sitting on the couch in regulation dungarees and sweat shirt, exuding a discreet, proletarian tone. Her voice is explosive, her movements abrupt. Joan Wilcox is boiling with righteousness. I ask her husband what he tells his clients, and her sweat shirt heaves. Her voice booms out. My phraseology smacks of paternalism, which she hates. Properly chastened, I rearrange it. Most of the arrivals have no political motivation, says \Vilcox. The American Deserters' Committee in Montreal forced them to listen to politicizing. He explains that the American military system is only "a symptom of the economic system which exploits them even more." Wilcox became involved in February, 1968, and lobbied in Parliament to change government policy. But Bill Spira, of T.A.D.P., is "Mr. Deserter." It was Spira who established the machinery, atmosphere, and procedures for deserters. Unfortunately, says Wilcox, his organization is "screwed up now." So many thousands of Americans are arriving that T .AD.P. has been telling them to go home and continue the fight in the United States. There are 75 to 100 of them at Carleton University. In the American Northwest, says Wilcox, "there are retired American military men who are part of the underground railway." In Detroit, American officials check buses leaving for Windsor. The A.I.D. has been getting thirty customers a week, and Wilcox believes there are more than 50,000 in Canada. But the Wilcoxes are still dissatisfied with Canadian policy. Immigration authorities, they say, should classify Americans as refugees. The government should give them housing and welfare until they're settled, Joan adds. There must also be changes in America, says Wilcox. Much more should be spent fighting pollution. Money should be taken from the war and put into the ghettos and soon. The Russians would be happy to react to an American peace initiative, such as an immediate pullout from Vietnam, or an end of arms sales to Israel. Would, America have anything to fear? No. The Russians can be trusted. And someone must take the first step. America must change its "arrogant idea that the U.s. has cures for all social and political ills." I ask whether this means we should disregard the scheme concocted by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace - headed by Soviet spy Alger Hiss and then by his good friend Joseph E. Johnson - to invade South Africa and overthrow its government. Both the Wilcoxes get very nervous. They've never heard of such a thing. They don't believe it. Will somebody please send them a copy of Apartheid And United Nations Collective Measures, at 78 Riverdale in Ottawa? As for the future, Canada will get more nationalistic, "because a small band of Canadians are sacrificing themselves to show that Canada is a branch plant of the United States." The level of repression in the States will become part of Canada, he O~\TO ~nn will he imposed more easily because Canadians are less easily aroused.

Di Vincenti has finished eleven grades - he tells me that he ''.ants to open a school. And so we say goodbye to sparkling Ottawa. In amex (_-"emericanexpatriate) for October/November, 1970, we read as follows: " ... It's a funny experience to undergo but Ottawa is so deep into Canadian territory that one is ,-ree of U.S. radio and television and all but the occasional New York license plate on a Buick - full of small-time Fascists oohing and ahing at the many tourist attrac7:ons .... " In the same issue, we read that the Montreal American Deserters' CommiEee. no\v underground, sent representatives to the "American Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention," run by the Communist Black Panther Party last September in Philadelphia. And we read that Spiro Agnew's nephew is dodging the draft in Y~ncouyer: that Stewart Udall's son has deserted to Banff; and that the former Secrerr;." of the Interior under J.F,K. and L.B.J. approves. The question arises: Who pays for all this? Who pays ,lee s:ilaries and operating expenses of such outfits as C.A.R.M., T.AD.P., and A.I.D.'] .-"enethe answer of course is: You do. You do if you support a church affiliated \virh The ~ational Council of Churches. At this late stage of the game, it shouldn't surprise you to learn that a part of the money put on the collection plate in such a church on Sunday morning is sent to the small band of sleazy con men with their collars on backwards who control the N.C.C.; then to their counterparts in Geneva who control the World Council of Churches; then to their counterparts in Canada who control the Canadian Council of Churches - who then use it to finance the organized attempt you have just read about to destroy the United States Army. As we have seen, the participants in the scheme are of different types. Some, like Wilcox, we are better off without, a happy fact tainted by the knowledge that our Canadian cousins are now burdened with them. They were not loyal to America. They are not loyal to Canada. They are using their opposition to "militarism" to lend respectability to their desire for totalitarian dictatorship. But others, like Vernon Dann, are victims, caught between our defeatist policy deliberately designed to depress them - as the First World War was used to demoralize Russia - and the blandishments of "resistance" outfits financed by the National Council of Churches. As usual, the "resistance," and the thing it is "resisting," are controlled by the same people - the leaders of the N.C.C. and of our federal government, after all, are the same people ~ collaborating to instigate and finance this scheme to destroy us. Indeed, the "life style" they encourage, unknown to its practitioners, is also part of the plot. The communalized mentality which cannot stand apart from the group, ego and ambition blown by pot - willing to settle for so little - is exactly what the dictators want for the dictatorship they are imposing. Trudeau and his fellow conspirators are encouraging the sort of immigration they want. Early last year, Trudeau told a Mennonite delegation in Winnipeg that he welcomes U.S. draft resisters, because many have "a religious motivation concerned with love and brotherhood." Indeed, he said: "Your motivation is like mine. It stems from a belief in a transcendent God. The young radicals are looking for the same thing, too, whatever existentialist and nihilist elements there may be in their thinkings." On December 24, 1970 - Christmas Eve - the Reverend Joshua Dube, an African who is studying in Philadelphia, tried to enter Canada with his family to visit friends in Hamilton, Ontario.

The Reverend Dube was denied admission. He is from anti-Communist Rhodesia. He was told that no Rhodesian can enter Canada. Indeed, defecting Polish seamen and visiting Biafran students have been treated like criminals and threatened with deportation.
La Piece de Resistance

On October 5, 1970, as you will recall, a cell of the Front de Liberation du Queb(x kidnapped senior British trade commissioner James Richard Cross from his home in Montreal. Five days later, another F.L.Q. cell kidnapped Quebec's Minister of Labor, Pierre Laporte. The F .L.Q. is of course a Communist terror organization, like the F .L.N. in Algeria and the Vietcong in South Vietnam. It was founded in 1963 by Georges Schoeters, then thirty-three, a Belgian trained in Cuba by Fidel Castro. A former Montreal police intelligence official tells me that Marc Carbonneau, for instance, one of the kidnappers flown to Cuba in December in exchange for Cross's release, has been a member of the Communist Party for ten years. At last word, the kidnappers are now in Communist Algeria, which has been helping and financing the Communist F.L.Q. for years. The F.L.Q. has also been trained in Jordan, by the Communist terror gang called Al Fatah. F.L.Q. leaders have applauded the Communist Black Panthers. And Communist terrorist Stokely Carmichael once sent a telegram of sympathy to "our brothers in the F .L.Q." His "brothers" have murdered several people in many bombings over the years. In an F.L.Q. document entitled Revolutionary Strategy And The Role Of The A vant-Garde, the revolutionaries say as follows: "Here in Quebec the fight for the overthrow of Capitalism is inseparably linked to the fight for national independence. Neither will go anywhere without the other .... " So the leaders of the F .L.Q. are Communists. And Pierre-Elliott Trudeau, the Prime Minister, is a Communist. What do Communists want? They want a "dictatorship of the proletariat" - total power. They say so. Before dawn on October 16, 1970, Communist Pierre Trudeau invoked the War Measures Act, suspended the Canadian Bill of Rights, and imposed a dictatorship on Canada. Trudeau now had the power of censorship, for instance, and could search without warrant and arrest without trial. His fellow Communists in the F.L.Q. had given him the excuse. In 1967, as Justice Minister, Trudeau could have suppressed the Communists, when confronted with the fact that they were training in the Laurentians. He did nothing. In 1970, he could have suppressed the Communists by using laws designed for the purpose. In Canada, as in the United States, kidnapping, murder, and sedition are unlawful. Instead, he used a law which imposed dictatorship even in British Columbia, thousands of miles from the F.L.Q. problem. Canadians in general suffered more from his "solution" than they did from the problem. Indeed, the possibility that Communist Pierre-Elliott Trudeau colluded with the Communist F.L.Q. in the matter must be seriously considered. Charles Gagnon, one of the revolutionaries now on trial, was still another frequent contributor to Trudeau's Cite Libre. Indeed, before he entered politics, Trudeau turned Cite Libre over to Pierre Vallieres, another of the F.L.Q. leaders now on trial, who also had been a frequent