Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Khadi and Village Industries plays an important role for creating employment opportunities in the rural areas and there by strengthening the rural economy. Khadi is a part of our conscience and the symbol of our self-respect and self-reliance. Khadi spinning is also a very effective medium for and commercial harmony and nations unity. A wheel ties each person of nation with one thread called Khadi spinning when helped country to fight against exteme poverty and made India producing Khadi, Independently, which helped country in dvpt of textile. In India the Khadi and Village Industries have now gained permanence. Actually this Industry is deeply ingrained in Indian culture. In our freedom struggle the Khadis role is an unforgettable one. So all Indians must remember our great Mahatmas Vision, Mission, attitudes about the khadi industry. Today khadi productions are more popular. Peoples all over the world purchase khadi products because of the quality and comfort of these products. All Khadi products become fashion symbol in todays fashion world also. So Khadi and Village Industries have an important and well established place in the Indian industries.
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GANDHI ON KHADI
Khadi in India was the symbol of freedom struggle. In 1920 at Nagpur session Indian National Congress decided to encourage Khadi. First Khadi production centre was started at Khthiawad in Gujarath. Mahatma Gandhi refilled Khadi as the Livery of freedom. It was a weapon and best instrument for giving concrete expression to the Swedeshi spirit to boycott foreign goods, and rendered an opportunity to every man; women and child to cultivate self discipline and self scarifies as a part of non-cooperation . Gandhiji presented a best gift as a device to produce Khadi THAKLI spinning wheel which can be operated by handeyes. It was a Mahasudarshana Chakkra in the history of freedom struggle. It occupied very important place in our life and provided employment to lakhs of people. The spinning wheel rotated through decades. Now it, by evolution, changed into 6 spindle 8 spindle charkhas which help to enhance the production considerably. All charkhas however are hand operated.
MISSION
The convenor of Khadi Mission, Wardha Khadi is a symbol of our national freedom struggle and of our commitment to Maximum possible self-reliance. The Khadi Gramodyog institutions are engaged in providing livelihood to Millions of spinners, weavers and artisans in rural areas. To survive, these institutions need active Government support, by way of provision of credit, access to technology and Market support. In the Mid fifties, a comprehensive plan was drawn up by the Government of Indias in consultation with the leaders of Khadi movement, to revitalize this important segment of our economy. However, no effective action has been taken to tackle the problems faced by Khadi and other village industries. As a result, unemployment in the rural areas is increasing day by day. To draw the countrys attention to the problems faced by Khadi, the convenor of Khadi Mission, Shri Balvijayji, who was a close associate of Acharya
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Vinoba Bhave, has expressed his determination to go on fast from 17th August. I call upon the Government to take urgent steps to attend to the grievances of the Khadi industry so that we can all request Shri. Balvijayji not to undertake the fast.
VISION
Khadi is a symbol of over national freedom, struggle and of our commitment to maximum possible self reliance. The Khadi Gramodyog institutions are engaged in providing livelihood to Millions of spinners, weavers and Artisans in the rural areas. To survive, these institutions need active government support, by way of provision of credit, access to technology and Market support. In the Mid fifties, a comprehensive plan was drawn up by the government of India, in consultation with the leaders of Khadi movement, to revitalize this important segment in our economy.
I believe that where there is pure and active love for the poor there is God also. I see god in every thread that I draw on the spinning wheel. (Young India, 20-05-1926) The spinning wheel represents to me the hope of the masses. The masses lost their freedom, such as it was, with the loss of the charkha. The charkha supplemented the agriculture of the villagers and gave it dignity. It was the friend and the solace of the window. It kept the villages from idleness for the charkha included all the interior and posterior. Khadi is the Sun of village Solar System. The planets are the various insudtries which can support Khadi in return for the heat and sustenance they derive from it. Without it other industries cannot grow. But during my last tour discovered that, without the revival of other industries, Khadi, could not make further, progress for the villagers to be able to occupy their spare time profitability, the village must be touched at all points (Harison 16-11-1934).
INDUSTRY PROFILE
Classification of Rural Industry
Rural Industry
Cottage Industry
Agri-based Industry
Handloom
Handicraft
Sericulture
Tiny Industries
Rural Artisans
Ancillary Industry
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Reflecting Gandhijis preoccupation with cloth and his linking of it to rural development in 1957, the government of India established Khadi and village industries commission (KVIC). For the extensive development of Khadi and Village industries programme, Kerala Khadi and Village industries association came into existence in the year 1955. Khadi and Village industry plays a significant role in the development of the economy. It contributes significantly to the national income and provides employment opportunities to the large number of the rural economy. Hence it seemed relevant to study the economic aspect of the Khadi.
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The industrial policy resolution of 1956, while emphasizing the role of cottage and small scale industries, started they provide immediate large scale employment, they offer a method of ensuring a more equitable distribution of national income and they facilitate an effective mobilization of capital and still might have either wise remain unutilized. India was known to the world for extensive use of cotton and silk goods. From about 1500 BC to 1500 AD for nearly 30 centuries India held the world monopoly in the manufacturing of cotton goods. India has a large pool of skilled labour. Capital is scarece and we have vast manpower, which must be utilized. Our steps must be labour intensive and not capital intensive. Khadi industry employs 32 million people (both full-time and part-time), accounting for about 80 percentage of the employment in the manufacturing sector. In the statement of textile policy announced by the govt. in March 1981. It was started that the Govt. is committed to encourage production of textiles and textile products in Khadi sector considering its large employment potential, it would be the endeavor of the govt. to make the product of this sector more competitive and of better quality. Gandiji always felt that, all cannot be absorbed in agricultural and non-agricultural alternative employment is to be found. The main basis of Khadi program was its economic value, which is not divorced from human values. Khadi and Village industries presupposed the formation of skills relevant to rural area and the development of a well designed and broad based supporting system, capable of assisting the new class of artisans, craft man, Industrialists and entrepreneur at all crucial stage. Khadi and Village industries programs forced on the poorest status of the society.
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Khadi and village industries have been developed under two periods one before 1947, and the other after 1947. Before 1947, the development of Khadi and village industries was entirely a non-governmental effort under the inspired guidance of Gandiji. After 1947, the govt. of India and the planning commission assumes the responsibility for fitting Khadi and village industries within the frame work of the 5 year plan. The history of Khadi and village industries can be analyzed under two headings. Kahdi and Village industries in the pre-independence period. Khadi and Village industries in the post independence period.
PRE-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD
Mahatma Gandhis attempt to receive hand spinning commenced in 1915, when he first began to weave cloth out of mill-made foreign year. After 3 years of patience and strenuous effort he was able to see a spinning wheel at work in 1918. Khadi was a part of Swedeshi movement. It gave Indias a national identity and became a weapon for over throwing the British rule. Once Independence was achieved, the relevance of Khadi started declining. The all India congress committee held in Baswoda in1921 called upon the people to turnout 20 working charkhas during an era of flourishing textile mill. The congress committee setup a Khadi development in the year 1922. It was converted into All India Khadi Board in the year 1923 then into, All India Spinners Association (AISA) in 1925. Till the attainment of independence the AISA was actively engaged in receiving Khadi.
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ORGANISATION PROFILE
Brief History:The Kerala Khadi and Village Industries Association Avinissery, Thrissur. In Kerala the Khadi works begins in 1920s. The political climate of the state was also favourable for the organization of the work. Then finally they co-ordinated and formed the Cochin Village Industries Association in 1937. Financial Assistance is provide by the Cochin Government at that time. Its works continued upto 1941 and merged with All India Spinners Association continued the work till 1945, all Cochin Khadi Trust was formed and continued the work upto 1955. The endeavors of some eminent Gandian workers of the state, the KERLA KHADI AND VILLAGE ASSOCIATION was existence in 1955. Among the prominent personalities who worked for the formulation of the institution include veterans like messes. E. Ikkanda Warrier (former prime Minister of the Cochin state), R. Krishna Iyer, V.R. Krishnan Ezhuthassan a Gandian of Avinissery, K.P. Madhavan Nair formal general secretary of the All India Congress Committee and his wife Smt. Pavizham M.N, C.K. Rama Iyer, K. Kochu Kuttan Ex. Minister of Kerala State, P.K. Krishnan Ex. MLA, Amrithlal Govardhanlal, V.Krishna Iyer and C.S. Panicker. These Institutions was registered under the Cochin Literary Scientific and charitable Societies Act No. 1 of 1955. Shri. R. Krishna Iyer and Shri. Ekkanda Warrier was the first president and secretary of this association.
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The association started work with 150 Traditional charkhas spinners and 6 staff members. Khadi cloth worth Rs. 25000 was produced in the first year. Khadi industry has been implemented in Kerala by the Board as a solution for rural unemployment rather than of under employment. Though spinning and weaving activities are run as shed based program with scheduled working hours and holidays not many people are attracted to this sector. The total numbers of job seekers registered at employment exchanges in Kerala during the year 2000 was nearly 42 lakhs of which 55% were women. Inspire of mounting unemployment the state Khadi sector is unable to attract enough workers to operate even their existing charkhas and 100 ms. In state like are compared to that of any developed. Countries of the work, people prefer to be unemployed rather than to seek jobs in Khadi. Cotton Khadi is the main variety produced in Kerala above 50% of sale in 6th state is constituted of Musilm and silk items. The huge pile of stock with the board includes yarn and cloth made of cotton.
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The KVIC Act was amended in the year 1987 and Rural Area and Village Industries were defined under this Act. This created a very wide scope for village industries and service industries to be setup in rural areas only. Due to large number of a new products coming up for scale in the open Market it has not only increased the Market, it has not only increased the profitability of the show-room but also generated employment in rural areas. KVIC has made a strategy to adopt all the Marketing techniques, especially in the business of retailing, computerization in sales, bar-coding of products, renovation of old Khadi bhavans, Improving product quality, branding of products etc. To ensure wide acceptability among consumers, KVIC has started branding its products, at first savodaya brand was launched through private channels of distribution and Mumbai by Yaswanth Singh, the union finance Minister in October 2001 and initially toilet soaps, honey, agarbathis, pickles and spices were selected. Products under Khadi brand have been developed and it has been decided to develop a new range of products such as berbals, essentials, designer garments etc was formally launched for test Marketing at excluding Khadi stores in New Delhi.
A fully equipped carpentry workshop is functioning at Avinissery for the manufacture and repairs of charkhas, looms and other implements and furniture and wooden Handicrafts. The Avinissery Khadi industry is the pioneers of 8 spindle woolen Muslin charkhas, approved by the Khadi and VI commission and acclaimed by the institutions all over India. In 2010-11 the institution head a production of Khadi worth Rs. 4.37 Crores and village industries products valued at Rs. 3.50 Crores. Total sales 8.80 Crores. There are 110 regular employees and 1500 rural Artisans. The main production areas of the industry in Avinissery are; Silk Khadi Production Carpentry and Blacksmithy Agmarked Honey Production Ghani Oil Cane Furniture etc A small type of Dye House and printing section is located in the Head Quarters complex at Avinissery. There are 31 production centres and 15 sales centres under the institutions spread over the districts of Malappuram, Palakkad, Thrissur and Eranakulam. The institution has its own land and building worth Rs. 100.00 Crores located in 37 places in 24 panchayaths. The association has been working continuously on profit in the last twenty two years.
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THE DISTINGUISHING FEATURES AND MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIES
In an economy like India more abundant labour supply and the concomitant unemployment and under employment and rapidly rising labour force, Khadi, Village and small industries assume special significance because of its high employment potential. Another major advantage is their ability to provide employment in the off-season. To a large number of people, agriculture provides only seasonal employment. Khadi, Cottage and some other village industries provides employment opportunities during the off-season and help many household to Miligate their problems during the offseason. Khadi, Cottage and certain other village industries provide vast scope for employment of special categories of people like women, children, old-ages, physically handicapped etc. It is also an avenue for part time employment for those who are employed elsewhere either full time or part time. Some of the industries provide employment opportunities within the household premises and some others near the place of residence. The locational advantages of these industries are thus very great. A major advantages of these industries is that the capital output and capital labour ratios are comparatively very low. That is the amount of capital investment required per unit of employment and the capital investments required per unit of output are comparatively very low. In other words, the Khadi and Village industries in particular and the small scale units in general maximize employment
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and output for a given amount of capital. This is of particular importance to a labour abundant and capital scare economics. Because of the low capital output ratio and low gestation period they promote Non-inflationary growth. Khadi and Village industries have been found to be of particular help to the leaker sections of the society. The participation of the scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, women and other weaker sections of the society in this sector is significant. These industries promote economizing of resource utilization and conservation of resources. They are expected to ensure maximum utilization of locally available raw materials by adopting easily adaptable techniques. In some cases, non-conventional raw materials are used, thereby converting waste in to wealth. These industries can develop in almost all areas including backward, tribal, hilly and inaccessible areas. The small industries have acquired more attention in recent years due to the very less ecological problems they create, compared to the large industries. As Khadi and Village industries do not use or use only very little electric power or oil, they do not cause energy crisis and foreign exchange crisis.
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PRODUCTION UNITS
Sl. No. Name of Production Centres Sub-centres Spinning/Weaving
Avinissery
Choorakkattukara
Erumapetty
Kadavallur 4
Kodakara
Kuttumukku Poothole Avinissery Arimbur Peuvanam Choorakkattukara Puranattukara Choolossery Varadiyam Attoor Puvathur Choorakkattukara Peramangalam Pazhunnana Thonalur Erumapetty Arikanniyur Kiraloor Mundathi code Kadavallur Peringode Othaloor Karukaputhur Pathepadam Poolani Koovakkattukunnu Kuttikad Alathur
Spinning / Weaving Spinning / Weaving Spinning / Weaving Spinning Spinning Spinning Spinning Spinning Spinning Spinning Spinning Spinning Weaving Weaving Weaving Weaving Spinning / weaving Weaving Weaving Spinning Spinning / weaving Spinning / weaving Spinning Weaving Spinning Spinning Spinning Spinning
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Mayannur. P.C
Trikkur
Mayannur Thonoorkkara Pazhayannur Panjal Trikkur Mukkattukara Kuttanellur Kolazhy Vettukad Marottichal Peringottukara Chirakkal Trichur
Spinning / weaving Spinning / weaving Spinning / weaving Spinning Spinning Spinning / weaving Spinning / weaving Spinning Spinning Spinning Spinning Weaving Spinning/weaving
8 9 10
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preservation and canning including pickles (xvi) Bamboo and cane work (xvii) Black-smithy (xviii) Carpentry (xix) Fibre other than coir. (xx) Manufacture household utensils in aluminium (xxi) Manufacture of Katha (xxii) Manufacture of gums and resins (xxiii) Manufacture of polyvastra (xxiv) Processing of Maize and Ragi.
PROMOTIONAL MEASURES
A number of measures have been taken by the Governments, Central and state, to protect this sector from the onslaught of the large sector and to promote the growth of Khadi and Village industries. Measures taken by the Govt. from time to time, include reservations, upward revision of investment ceilings in the definition, reservation of products for the SSIs, Increasing credit flows, preference in Govt. purchases, Modernisation, technology, upgradation and improving export performance. Infrastructural and institutional supports are provided through industrial estates, District Industries Centres (DICs), Small Industries Service Institute, Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) and other specialized institutions which provide technical Assistance, testing facilities etc. The National Small Industries Corporation (CNSIC) arranges supply of machines on hire purchase to small scale units. Marketing Assistance including export promotion assistance are provided by institutions such as the NSIC, The Small Industries Development Organization (SIDO), Handicrafts and Handlooms Export promotion corporation, KVIC etc.
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Financial Assistance is provided at concessional terms by commercial banks, State Level financial Institutions etc. In order to setup the flow of assistance to the small sector and to provide a focal point to co-ordinate at the apex level the availability of both financial and Non-financial inputs required for the orderly growth of this sector, the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) was established in 1990. Among all the Assistance provided by the various institutions. KVIC plays an important role.
3. KVIC conducts Market study and provides marketing support to the artisans/Societies for sale of their products through the gramodyog sales report and exhibition. The KVIC has created an organizational base for further development with many state KVI boards, a large number of registered institutions and industrial co-operatives. KVIC has a very large number of sales outlets in the country. This is a unique national organization in the country which has its roots in the villages and has wide organizational linkages. It activities cover numerous villages in the country. A substantial number of beneficiaries belong to the scheduled caste and scheduled tribes and inhabitants in hill and border areas. The participation of women in the activities is also very high.
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4. To promote the sale and marketing of Khadi or products of village industries for the purpose to forge links with established marketing agencies wherever necessary and feasible. 5. To encourage and promote research in the technology used in Khadi and Village Industries, including the use of Non-conventional energy and electronic power with a view to increasing productivity, eliminating drudgery and otherwise enhancing their competitive capacity and to arrange for dissemination of salient results obtained from such research. 6. To undertake directly or through other agencies studies of the problems of Khadi and Village Industries. 7. To promote and encourage co-operatives efforts among the manufactures of Khadi or persons engaged in village industries. 8. To establish and maintain separate organizations for the purpose of carrying out any or all of the aforesaid matters. 9. These industries promote economizing of resource utilization and conservation of resources. To ensure maximum utilization of locally available raw-materials by adopting easily adaptable techniques.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(i) Observation The data and information is conducted to collected by visiting the company. An in depth observation and mere watching helps to obtain and understand the facts in the industry. (ii) Unstructed Interview A normal conversation is conducted to collect information from employees. The labours are ready to share the ideas and each and every functioning of the industry. Free and sincere approach of the labours helps clearly understand all the details of the organization. The data collection methods are mostly very much useful and suitable to know more details and working of the industry.
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REGISTRATION
The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is a statutory body created by an act of parliament (No: 61 of 1956). It came to existence in April 1957. The KVIC took over the work of erstwhile All India Khadi and Village Industries board. The original Act of 1956 has been subsequently amended during the year 1987, 1989 and 1994. The Administrative Ministry of the KVIC is ministry of Agro and Rural Industry Govt. of India.
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COMPETITORS
Competition means the act of competing a contest and competitor is one who competes. It refers to rivalry among various firms operating in a particular market that satisfy the same customer needs. The industry structure affects long run profitability. Therefore the competitors should be understood and monitored. Their actions can spoil an otherwise attractive industry, their weakness can be a target for exploitation, and their response to a firms marketing initiatives. Can have impact on its success. Competitive information can be obtained from marketing research surveys, recruiting competitors employees. Competitors are those companies who are producing technically similar products are considered to be in the competition. The two means of competitive advantage of low cost of delivery and differentiation, when combined with competitive scope of broad activities results in four generic strategies: Differentiation Cost Leadership Differentiation Focus Cost Focus The company in facing severe competition from the competitors and the industry is now following a price at trend. The main competitors of Khadi village industries are: Kitex Bombay dying Mafathlals
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MARKET SHARE
Our company Khadi and village industries possess 20% of share and the rest of the market is captured by Bombay dying Kitex Mafathlal 40% 25% 15%
Chart
40.00%
25.00% 15.00%
Bombay dying
Kitex
Mafathlal
WORKFORCE
There are 110 permanent office staffs and 1500 artisans in Khadi and Village Industries Association.
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FUTURE PROSPECTUS & GROWTH PLANS To encourage production of textiles and in each Khadi sector considering its large employment potential, it would be the Endeavour of the government to make the products of this sector more competitive and better quality.
Growth Plans
Charkha and loom installation. Introduce of industrial units. New marketing outlets. Welfare measures to the workers.
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
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BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The Governing body consists of 16 members including 2 Artisans members and they are as follow. Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Name C.N. Balakrishnan V.Kesavan M.N. Krishnan Kutty K.K. Divakaran M. Mohandas T.S. Muralidharan C.A. Nandakumar C.K. Nandakumar T.R. Vasudevan M.S. Sivarama Krishnan T.R. Elsy Sarama Matheppan P. Rajendran Indira Radha Krishnan A.K. Chandramathy P.K. Rathanmala Post President Secretary JointSecretary Treasurer Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Artisan Member Artisan Member
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PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
The function of this department is very much important. This department is headed by the production Manager. Under this unit manager, Supervisors, workers are working. The main important aspects of this department are to ensure about the quality assurance of the each product that were making at their own premises. Production is the bigger picture of various functions that affect the overall process and quality of an organizations service or manufacturing. The production management deals with processes, resource allocation, and quality to run the business day to day in an efficient and effective manner production management techniques are used in both manufacturing and service industries. The production manager are responsible for managing both physical materials doing a wonderful job to make their effort worthfulness.
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PRODUCTION MANAGER
SUPERVISOR
OTHER STAFFS
ARTISANS
The supply of cotton to the Kerala Khadi and Village Industries Association is mainly from the cotton growers co-operative Society in Pollachi and Thripura in Taminadu. This cotton is processed at KVIC Central Silver Plant at Kuttor and silver roving supplied to Khadi institutions. However, cotton for NMC ( Non Metric Charka) 50 count is processed at Avinissery silver unit of Kerala Khadi and village Industry Association for other societies, silvers are supplied by KVIC Kuttur. Association is also purchasing silvers from KVIC Kuttur directly. Silver are converted in to yarn by spinners of the association and spinners of other societies. Kerala Khadi and village industries association have a mini warping unit at Avinissery. However this unit is not able to meet the warp requirements fully chemicals for the dying unit are brought mainly from Kannur and bleaching of cloth is done in the Avinissery complex.
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PRODUCTION PROCESS
There are two main processes in production of Khadi. They are Spinning Weaving
SPINNING
Spinning process includes cleaning of cotton, lap making and making ravings/ silvers. These silvers are then converted in to yarn.
WEAVING
In weaving there are two motions, primary potions and secondary motions. Primary motions include shedding, picking and beating motions are performed in successions, which are in total called as weaving. Secondary motions are let off of warp and taken up of cloth. For every insertion of the pick, the cloth length grown up. The cloth woven is wound on the cloth roller continuously or immediately to keep the fall of the cloth in constant position. This called take up of cloth. The preparatory processes chiefly employed for the warp may be classified into winding, warping, sizing and looming.
a) WINDING
This is the process of connecting the yarn from one packages form to other convenient package form. The object of this process is to convert the packages containing less length yarn in to packages longer length yarn. Normally for the Khadi industry, the yarn is received in the form spinning mills and converted in the form of bobbin / cone / cheese winding machines.
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b) WARPING
In the warping process, the individual yarn form the longer length packages combined and drawn together as a sheet containing certain number of threads of definite length. The individual thread in the warp sheet is called ENO. The sheet of warp is either converted in to ball form or directly wound on to another packages called warp beam as per the next sequence of process.
c) SIZING
Sizing is the most important process in the preparatory sequence while weaving lave yarn is subject to more stress and strain than weft yarn. Hence yarn used in warp should have more strength than the weft. If folded yarn is used in warp, there is no necessity of sizing because folded yarn has got more strength than the single yarn. When single yarn is used in wrap, it is most to size it to make smoother, round, stronger yarn. For the khadi industry, sizing is carried in the yarn or bank or wrap sheet form.
d) LOOMING
The end from the wrap beam is either joined with old wrap by twisting I knotting of old draft is continued or it is passed through the heated and reed of the loom if the new draft is required. The operation is called Drafting and Denting respectively. Then the wrap sheet kept in proper alignment and tension between wrap beam and cloth by the process called gaiting. Now the wrap is ready in the loom for weaving.
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WEAVING
When a fabric containing size is received at the gye house the through removal of size is essential to make the fabric easily and completely wet. During scouring and bleaching which are regular features of the processing, the size cannot be removed. The presence of size in the fabric reduces the efficiency of the subsequent purification processes and hinders the dying apart from making the material water impermeable. Hence resizing process in very important with cotton fabrics. As the dying activity is to be undertaken on a very pollution can be assessed only when the dying unit becomes operational.
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PRODUCT LINE
A product line is an expression used to describe a group of closely related products. It is a part of the product strategy to determine whether an organization will have a single product or more than one product. It is a group of products that are related in the same way be being alternatives to fulfilling the same customer need by being marketed to the same target markets on through the same distribution network or by being in common price category. A product line is able to satisfy a class of need to be used together to be sold to the same customer groups, to be moved through the same distribution channels or fall within given price changes. The product line of khadi industry include Muslin Khadi, Medium Khadi, polyvastra, silk, weaving machinery, new model charka-muslin and poly thread, cane furniture, honey, soarp, oil.
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TYPES OF PRODUCTS
The Khadi and village industry (K. V. I.) sector products a wide range of exclusive products, which are having distinct characteristics. These products are as under.
a) KHADI
Handspun and hand woven khadi is very comfortable to wear compared to the artificially made synthetic fibers like Nylon, Rayon and Terylen etc. The products are cotton, woolen, silk and polyvastra khadi. Cotton khadi is 100% of cotton, which was a great demand abroad, and it is available in different shades and colours. Attractive readymade garments are being designed in the form of Kurta paijama, shirt, ghagra, choli, salvar kammis and other attractive garments.
TYPES OF KHADI
(i) Cotton Khadi It is one of the types of Khadi, which include 100% of cotton. Dhothies. Lungies, towels, shawls etc are included in this category. (ii) Silk Khadi Silk khadi comes in various categories like tussar, matka etc.Silk khadi can be converted into shirting, into attractive saris with sari boarder or printed sari such as balucuchari saris, which has rich embroidery or Kanjeepuram with its intricate designs woven in silver or golden. (iii) Woolen Khadi
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(iv) Polyvastra khadi Polyvastra hadi consisting of shirting and suiting in attractive shades and designs including dress materials and saris. (v) Muslin Khadi This type of khadi is very thin, which comes under 90s, 150s and 100s.
b) FIBER
Fiber utility items are made out of sisal banana, pineapple, palm and other fibers. Some of the products include bags, table mats, wall hanging, carpets, floor mats, floor plot, holdersets. Palm fiber products like fancy bags, baskets, mats etc. are in great demand.
c) LEATHER
Leather products range include footwear, like Kolapury chappals, sandals, shoes, purses, brief case, jewels bags, attractive readymade garments etc.
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e) AGARBATTI
Incense sticks with fragrance are available in different verities, which has good demand in India and abroad. Women workers make incense sticks. In foreign country, agarbatti is used as incense in place of artificial air purifier.
g) HANDMADE PAPER
This is a beautiful product which was the cloth rags and waste paper as raw material for production, thus contributing in saving the trees and hence preservation of ecology. The strengths of handmade paper are as follows; Long product life (100 years or more) Uniqueness in texture Eco friendly, does not use wood pulp as raw materials and hence save trees. Convert waste into wealth, through recycling nature. Handmade paper product range from stationary items like files, letter pads, envelops, fancy bags, visiting cards, greeting cards, watermark, certificate and decoration materials, photo album etc. There is a market for this product in particular.
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h) HONEY
Honey is natural syrup collected y honey bees. There are two types of honey produced. One by the bees produced in forest and another apiary honey produced by installing colonies of bees and maintaining this in systematic manner. Honey is also used as cough syrup, blood purifier and as a general tonic. The honey in India is costlier than in the International market. However, this can be overcome by minimizing wastage and increasing the productivity.
k) HERBAL PRODUCTS
K. V. I. produce a number of herbal products like herbal shampoo, tooth powder, health tonic like Chyavana prash and Churnas.
PRODUCTION UNITS
The main production units are situated at Choorakkatukara, Erumapetty, Kadavallur, Kodakara, Thrikkur, Peringottukara and Thrissur. Avinissery, Mayannur,
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RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Responsible for directing the production activities to ensure the current and future plans of the organization are met. 2. Report to the Managing Director on major production issues and results. 3. Participates in group corporate planning and budgeting workshop. 4. Responsible for establishing production organization structure / management process. 5. Responsible for implementation of policies or procedures throughout the production department. 6. Responsible for recruitment / selection / orientation training of seniors personnel of the production department. 7. Responsible for purchase of capital goods / production operation equipment. 8. Responsible for production planning / budgeting 9. Responsible for cost control programs. 10.Responsible for individual relation or union negotiation 11.Responsible for building maintenance 12.Assist in creation of efficient process through hands on development and training.
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CHAIRMAN VICE CHAIRMAN SECRETARY PRODUCTION MANAGER UNIT MANAGER SUPERVISOR WORKERS
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Traditional 1. 2. 3. 4. Khadi and Village Industries Hand loom Coir Industry Sericulture
Modern Small Scale 1. 2. 3. 4. Export Oriented Units Ancillary Units Tiny Units Service Units
KHADI COTTON Printed and Woven furnishing, Door carpets, Kalins, Bed sheets and Bed spreads both woven and printed, printed screen, Kalamkari Prints, Jaipur and Bombay prints, Jacquard designs etc., Dothies, Lungies, Towels, Turkish and Shawls. READYMADES FOR GENTS AND LADIES Cotton and polyvastra, Shirts, Slacks, Jubbas, Pyjamas etc, Churidhars, Salwar Kammis, Midi, Nighties, Fancy market bags, Pillow Covers, Mirror Work square and Round Cusin Covers etc. Mattresses, Pillows, Quit, Square Cushion, Bloster with pure Silk cotton. WOOLEN Blankets, Shawols, Sweaters, Muffler and Caps etc. SILK Kancheepuram, Jari-Sarees and Printed Silk Sarees. HANDICRAFTS Jewellery, Rosewood Panels, Teapoys and Brass, Pooja Articles, Sandalwood and Leather Articles, Dolls and Gift Articles, Steel upboard, Costs and Wooden furniture. All these items of Khadi are rare pieces and its an eye appealing scene. Window displaying is so cute and simple. The neatness of the atmosphere forces the customers to purchase the products from Khadi. So, by all means Khadis variety products toucher each customers wants, needs and ideas.
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In the following table briefly explain the details about production and sales unit in KVIC in the year 2009-10 (Rs. In Lakh)
77.37 61.32
12.89+ 8.13+
80.01 57.47
INTERPRETATIONS
From the above table, the total production is increased in the year 2009-2010 compound with the past year, 86.02 (Rs. Lakhs) are increased. But the production of charkhas and furniture are in down position.
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PERFORMANCE OF KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIES IN VARIOUS PLAN PERIODS (AVERAGE) (RS. IN LAKHS) Khadi
P l a n p e r i o d s S a l e s V a l u e
Village Industries
S a l e s V a l u e
W a g e s
W a g e s
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Source: Annual reports of Khadi and Village Industries commission 1998-1999 to 2009-2010
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The performance of Khadi and Village Industries in India in various plan periods as shown in the table 1. Table 1 shows that the value of the production of Khadi and Village Industries in India stood at Rs. 377 lakhs in the first plan period in eighth plan period 1992-97, resulting in more than 119 fold increase. The value of scales of Khadi by Khadi and Village industries, stood at Rs. 302 lakhs in the first plan period 1953-56. It gradually increased to Rs. 48734 lakhs in the eighth plan period 1992-1997. The employment generated by Khadi and Village industries in India shows a fluctuating trend and it varied between 5.20 lakhs employees in the first plan period 1953-56 and 132.96 lakh employees in the sith plan period 1980-85. Similarly the wages period in Khadi by Khadi and Village industries in India shows a fluctuating trend and it varied between Rs. 266 lakhs in the first plan period 1953-56 and Rs. 20250 lakhs in the eighth plan period 1992-97, resulting in more than 76 times increase in the payment of wages. The value of production of village industries in India stood at Rs. 617 lakhs in the first plan period 1953-56. It gradually increased to Rs. 320569 lakhs in the eighth plan period 1992-97, resulting in more than 519 fold increase. The value of sales of village industries stood at Rs. 72 lakhs in the first plan periods 1953-56. It gradually increases to Rs. 354302 lakhs in the eighth plan period 1992-97, resulting in more than 4920 times increase. The employment generated by village industries in India, which stood at 3.04 lakh employees in the first plan period 1953-56 gradually increased to 40.85 lakh employees in the eighth plan period 1992-97.
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Similarly the wages paid for the employees by village industries stood at Rs. 222 lakhs in the first plan period 1953-56. It gradually increased to Rs. 105875 lakhs in the eighth plan period 1992-97, resulting in more than 476 times increase in the payment of wages.
ACHIEVEMENTS
In order to run the bhavans in a most attractive manner, we have introduced modern marketing techniques after careful study of customers preference and fashion trends and to cater to the needs of the customers, we have taken pains to get the proper materials from Khadi institutions all over the country. Our Bhavans is the pioneer among the Khadi Institutions in introducing Khadi readymade garments, which have a name throughout the country and we are giving utmost importance to creativity and innovation in readymade production. Apart from Khadi goods we are selling a wide range of village industries products like honey; edible oils, soaps, pulses etc. in its quest for keeping alive the varied arts and crafts, Khadi bhavans started arranging a number of exhibitions silk saree exhibitions with the display of multi famous verities of Kancheepuram, dharmavaram, puttaparthy, Orissa and Bengal silks, baluchur, pochampalli, azarah, battique, tie and dye etc has become a regular feature every year. Recently exhibition exclusive for woolen Khadi was also introduced. During the Navarathri festive season, a regular dolls exhibitions and sales is emerged in the Bhavan at Annual Sales as well as at our Gramodyog Bazzar at Gopalapuram. This has become a major attraction for thousands of families visiting the exhibition during pooja every year. Besides dolls exhibition we are also arranging exhibitions exclusively for sandal woods and rose wood products, pooja articles, jeweler leather goods, teak wood furniture, herbal honey, etc. In the various areas at Chennai with a view to encourage the artisans as well as their works. These efforts of ours have received a warm welcome from the metropolitan consumers and by which had a sale up to one crore.
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Apart from sales we are regularly conducting functions to commemorate our national leaders we have also built an auditorium at Gopalapuram for propagating Gandhian ideals and are utilizing the auditorium for educational functions and meetings. Wider participation is fundamental to growth and progress for any institution. Khadi Bhavan has drawn in its activities many other voluntary organizations like build of service Seva Smajam for production of vegetarian bakery products, gopalapuram women and artisans combine for production of fan fagran trust for production of readymade garments. In order to activise ghandhian studies among the students we have also started a youth for gandhian studies. The achievements of our Bhavans are not merely due to the efforts of its dedicated workers. The credit also goes to the support we have and we continue to have from our valued customer, the KVIC, sister institutions producing village industries board, educational institutions as well as the publicity in India.
SWOT ANALYSIS
SWOT Analysis is a comparison of strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. The central purpose is to identify the strategies that will create a firms specific business model that will best designs, fit or match companys resources and capabilities to the demands of the environment in which it operates. Once they become aware of the threats and opportunities in the external environment and the strength and weakness in the internal environment of the organization at comprehensive analysis of these elements. This comprehensive analysis is known as SWOT Analysis. SWOT Analysis is such a Systematic Study and identification of those aspects and strategy that best suit the individual companys position in a given situation. It should be based on logic and rational thinking. Khadi and village industries are also their strength, weakness, opportunities and threats.
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STRENGTH
Every organization has certain strong points which are known as its strength. Khadi and village industries are also has strong points. 1. Skilled Labours. The company have the service of persons having more than 20 to 27 years of experience in this field. 2. Adequate resources. The association have a dye house and Mini warp Unit, honey unit in Avinissery complex. 3. Quality raw material Good quality raw material available from central silver, Kuttur. 4. Steady Market There is a very good and steady market for the Khadi products. 5. Good maintenance system. The association have manufacturing facility of charkas and loans for repairs in Avinissery complex. 6. Flexibility There is flexibility in production volumes and product designs. 7. Quickness. There is quick decision making. 8. Efficient employer employee relationship. There is an efficient and healthy relationship between employers and employees.
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WEAKNESS
Weakness is the in capability, limitation and deficiency in resources such as technical, financial, manpower, skill, brand image and distribution pattern. These factors tend to decrease the competenues of the firm.
1. Lack of artisans The company lacks the service of adequate number of artisans. This creates difficulties in loading and unloading of materials. 2. Low wage. It creates dissatisfaction among workers and hence it reflects in productivity. 3. The charkas and looms are very old it create delays in production and affect quality. 4. Lack of fund The company lacks adequate funds further expansion. 5. Lacks of promotional activities Khadi village industries do not provide any promotional activities. 6. Some other weakness include technological obsolescence, in efficient management and marketing inability.
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OPPORTUNITIES
Opportunities are entirely external to the organization and they are present in the environmental situation in which the corporation functions. An opportunity is a major favourable advantage to a company; provide the same can be availed strategically. The external environment analysis may reveal concern certain new opportunities for profit and growth. Such opportunities include. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Skilled and experienced spinners and weavers. Growing demand of its products. Demand for readymade Khadi products of new designs and quality. Judicious purchase of materials, Out sourcing by large units. Overseas market. Expansion and Modernization of all units / high investment.
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THREATS
Threats are also external to the organization. Threats are danger signals and these signals should be properly observed. For this the management should revise their strategies and tactic to meet them. Top management should have the capacity to foresee the possible threats in the short term and in the policies and prepare strategies. Threats can be effectively blocked by proper analysis and reappraisal of the existing policies and by developing strategies suitable to meet the situation.
1. Price variation As per prices of raw material changes in accordance of the season, there is a chance of less demand of the product. 2. Govt. policies. Sometimes affect the working of the industry. 3. Competition There is a high competition taking place in the field of cottage industry. Kerala Khadi and village industries complete with other cottage industry in Thrissur.
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Balance Sheet
The Kerala Khadi and Village Industries Association Avinissery, Thrichur Balance Sheet as at 31-03-2010 Capital & Liabilities
Capital A/C as per last B/S 15126023.39 (+) Memership Subscription 12300.00 (+) Contr for shed Const. perma- ngalam 740298.50 (+) Profit for the year 1271628.02 Differed Liabilities Working Capital & Other CE loans as per schedule-1 KVK prodip Grant K K & V I Board revitalization program Reserve as per schedule-2 Fund for repayment of CE loan Thalappilly Cotton Khadi cluster SFURTI schedule 3 KVIB Khadi grant flagship programme K.V.I.C Risc 375000.00 K.V.I.C GrantWorkshedscheme 225000.00 Current Liabilities : LIC & PF Payable as per schedule 4 Advances, Deposits as per schedule 5 Interest & Other payable as per schedule 6
Rs
Rs
58241720.38 6813226.02 1124229.29 4145199.11
17150249.91
Dues from KVIC :35370.48 Instrumentation Section Last B/S 49065.00 6689175.00 Grant 75840.21 Interest Subsidy 246514.00 787500.00 Rebate Rebate due from KK & VI 600000.00 Board 2056171.65 KK & VIB Festival allowance 370516.45 133485.40 KK & VIB Incentive 2564974.80 5286775.63 Trade Debtors as per Schedule 914741.97 17
371419.21 12268836.74
4991662.90
7071239.95
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Capital & Liabilities Artisans Welfare fund 34878506.84 (-) CEO, KKWWFB, TVM 20293139.96 Payable to KKWWFB, TVM Provisional Artisans & Artisan Left Service L. H. V. Loan Benefit fund artisans, staff, etc as per schedule 7 Pension fund & Co-operative society as per schedule 8 Trade creditors as per schedule 9 Canara Bank OCC A/C State Bank of India Closing Stock Margin Total Rs.
Rs
Rs
1693436.94 116981.25
14585366.88 Cash on Hand 1244295.06 Closing Stock as per 13341071.82 Schedule 19 251157.87 1720411.44 1811260.65 28433448.30 30249713.25 126804.08 8665513.20 224014300.6 0 Total Rs 224014300.60 104229922.57
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Avinissery complex will shown on the down position. The soap unit of the association is decreased year by year. One default that the lack of new fresh blood is less. Generally youth are do not prefer Khadi jobs because of the less amount of salaries and incentives. They switch to other jobs. The Khadi an village industries generally run on traditional lines. The Khadi and village industries set a fixed price for a whole year. The changes to other industries. Shortage of inadequate finance can be seen from the records. Reduction of raw-materials for making oils. The products made here are not exporting due to this they were trying to sell all the products within the country. Many office workers are paper works. So its move slowly.
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SUGGESTIONS
Some people do not aware about the Khadi products, so sufficient advertisement or publicity must be needed in between the people. Labour is important one, in factors of production inefficient working of labours will affect the working conditions of the organizations. In this case, the soap and silver units of production and sales in association are decreased. The best solution against this, those provide good training facilities to workers and delegate good supervisors to assist them. Proper recruitments should conduct in time, It will encourage new generated people. The prices of the Khadi products should change according to their demand and supply. By exporting the Khadi products the association can make huge profit. The world should bother the importance and needs of Khadi products through exporting. Now a day all people like to be in modern trend, so they should make changes in their business from traditional line to modern. To establish various laws to secure the safety and needs of Labours. Only through this the industry can attain all of its needs and objectives. Many members are of suggestions that KVI products are not maintaining old quality. The quality of products can be maintained by encouraging KVI units to adopt standard specifications developed by agencies like BIS, EPO, FDA, AGMARK and ISO (TQM) standardizing the product specifications as per National standards.
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CONCLUTION
Khadi and Village industries commission (KVK) have formulated margin money scheme to create more employment opportunities, in rural sector. This scheme is being implemented to promote more investment in Khadi and Village industries sector with the help of financial institutions. The objective of the scheme is to provide margin money grant to the units approved by KVK for creating more employment opportunities in Khadi and village industries sector. Individuals, co-operative society, charitable institutions, and self-help groups are eligible for the grant. Entrepreneur whose project cast is up to 10 Lakhs is eligible for grant of 25% of the loan amount is sanctioned by the commercial bank or co-operative bank or Kerala financial corporation. Entrepreneur belonging to weaker sectioned. SC / ST / OBC / Women / PH / Ex-Servicemen / Minority community are eligible for grant of 30% of the project cost. KVIC also introduced welfare programmes pension to retirement employees and bonus, fringe benefits etc. for the benefit of the employees. The Khadi and village industries have lot of problems. So ther is a need of discussion to solve the problem. Detail discussion will help to solve the problems. And also take many more new projects and innovative products to the Khadi and village industry. From this research conclude that most of the workers of Kerala Khadi and village Industry are satisfied with the welfare facilities provided by the organization with exception of a few facilities.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books:1. BUSINESS ENVIORNMENT by Abdul Assis Boroth & K. Venugolapan 2. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Francis Cherunilam.
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