IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

Introduction to antenna and near-field simulation in CST Microwave Studio software

Jorge R C t J R. Costa Jerzy Guterman

2005, it - instituto de telecomunicaes. Todos os direitos reservados.

CST Design Environment g

3D EM simulation of high frequency problems Signal and power integrity and EMC/EMI analysis on printed circuit boards

Analysis and design of static and low frequency EM applications Simulation of free moving charged particles Circuit tool which combine results from other CST simulators

Signal and power integrity and EMC/EMI analysis of cable harnesses

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

CST MWS Simulation Method

FIT: Finite Integration Technique
Maxwell Equations
r ur uu r B uur S E dl = t dS S ur uur D dS = dV
V V

Maxwell Grid Equations

Ce = d b dt % Sd = q d % Ch = d + j dt Sb = 0

r uu uu r r D r uur S H dl = t + J dS S u uur r B dS = 0
V

Calculation Domain

r ur uu r B uur E dl = t dS S S
Grid

Ce =

d b dt

ek el bn e j
ei

ei + e j ek el =

d bn dt

ei e d 1 1 1 1] j = [bn ] [144244 e 3 k dt { b C el { e

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

CST MWS Transient Solver

Material Equations
r r D=E r r B= H r r r uu J = E + J s

d = M e b = M h j = M e + js

Transient Solver
h ei +3 2 = h t M Ce % = ei +1 2 + t M 1 Chi +1 ji +1
i i +1 1 i +1 2

hi

ei +1 2

hi+1

ei +3 2

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

CST MWS User Interface

Project type selection (environment parameters)

Navigation Tree Drawing Plane

Variables List

Project Messages Windows

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example: Dipole Antenna p p

Initial Setup
Select S l t new project i CST MWS j t in Select Antenna (Mobile Phone) template Confirm units Confirm environment (air)

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example: Dipole Antenna p p

Geometry Drawing
Draw cylinder D li d Name: Arm_up Dimensions (in mm) Material: Perfect Electric Conductor PEC Select object in navigation t i ti tree Object transform

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example: Dipole Antenna p p

Excitation and Simulation Setup
Insert discrete port I di Setup frequency range Run Transient Solver

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example: Dipole Antenna p p

1D Results
In I navigation t i ti tree go to t 1D Results o S11 o Smith Chart o Port Signal o Energy Can export results in txt file or TOUCHSTONE format

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example: Dipole Antenna p p

Setting Monitors
Add Fi ld M it Field Monitors ( (navigation i ti tree + right mouse bottom): o E-field @ 2 2 GHz E field 2.2 o H-field @ 2.2 GHz o Farfield/RCS @ 2.2 GHz

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1st Example: Dipole Antenna p p

Improving simulation
Boundary C diti B d Conditions -> > Symmetry Planes o YZ plane: magnetic (Ht 0) (Ht=0) o XZ plane: magnetic (Ht=0) o XY plane: electric (Et=0) Transient Solver o Adaptive mesh refinement

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1st Example: Dipole Antenna p p

Adaptive mesh results
In I navigation t i ti tree go to 1D t Results -> Adaptive Meshing o S11 o Mesh cells o Solver time Transient Solver o Deselect Adaptive mesh refinement o Press Apply

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1st Example: Dipole Antenna p p

Near-field results
In I navigation t i ti tree go to 2D/ t 3D Results -> E-field or H-field: o Field components o Amplitudes o Phases Can export results in txt file

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1st Example: Dipole Antenna p p

Far-field results
In I navigation t i ti tree go to t Farfields: o Field components o Co-pol. and Cross-pol. o Polar, 2D or 3D o Rad. Efficiency o Directivity or Gain Can export results in txt p file or in GRASP format

IEEE Communications Society Portugal Chapter

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Lisbon, IT, 22 March 2010

1st Example: Dipole Antenna p p

Structure Parameterization
Select Arm_up in navigation tree Edit object In define cylinder, change Zmax to variable L Transient Solver o Par. Sweep o Add watch S11 in dB o New Seq & Seq. New Par. L Check & Start
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1st Example: Dipole Antenna p p

Mesh Operations
Enable E bl mesh view h i View global mesh properties Change local mesh of Arm_up

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Visit CST Website

www.cst.com

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2nd Example: Microstrip Patch p p

Geometry Drawing
New Project Draw Ground, Substrate and Patch Define discrete port (use local coordinate system) Setup f S t frequency range (1 to 3 GHz) t GH ) & Field Monitors @ 2.2 GHz Run transient solver
Object Ground Substrate Patch Xmin -40 -40 -28 Xmax 40 40 28 Ymin -40 -40 -21 Ymax 40 40 21 Zmin 0 0.02 3 Zmax 0.02 0 02 3 3.02 Material Copper RT5880 Copper
28 mm

11 mm

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2nd Example: Microstrip Patch p p

Coaxial Feed (Part 1)
Copy S11 dB curve & delete discrete port Macros -> Calculate -> Analytical Line Impedance p Draw Inner Conductor cylinder: o S l t Ground ( Select G d (repeat for Substrate) t f S b t t ) o Object -> Boolean -> Insert -> Inner Conductor Conductor
Object Inner Conductor Dielectric Outer Conductor Radius 0.45 1.49 1.8 Zmin -20 -20 -20 Zmax 3 0 0 Material Copper pp Teflon (r = 2.08) Copper

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2nd Example: Microstrip Patch p p

Coaxial Feed (Part 2)
Pick lateral face of Inner Conductor Inner Conductor Object -> Extrude -> create Dielectric Repeat for Outer Conductor Pick top face of Dielectric Object -> Local Modifications -> Move Face (-3) p Repeat for Outer Conductor
Object Inner Conductor Dielectric Outer Conductor Radius 0.45 1.49 1.8 Zmin -20 -20 -20 Zmax 3 0 0 Material Copper pp Teflon (r = 2.08) Copper
1.04

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2nd Example: Microstrip Patch p p

Waveguide Port
Pick bottom face of Outer Conductor Outer Conductor Select Waveguide Port Run Transient Solver In navigation tree see 2D/3D Results -> Port Modes M d Compare S11 curves

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2nd Example: Microstrip Patch p p

Simulation of a body above antenna
Copy E- and H-planes radiation patterns Copy S11 dB curve Create brick of Body: o Create new material Body r=5 and =1 (S/ ) 5 d 1 (S/m) Run Transient Solver See S11 curve & radiation patterns
-70 -70 70 70

10

40

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Questions ? Q ti

After a CST simulation ...

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