GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_First sequence examoct.

2011
1
Courses In
Electrical
Engineering
Volume II
POWER ELECTRONICS
FIRST SEQUENCE EXAM WITH SOLUTION
By
Jean-Paul NGOUNE
DIPET I (Electrotechnics), DIPET II (Electrotechnics)
DEA (Electrical Engineering)
Teacher in the Electrical Department, GTHS KUMBO, Cameroon.
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_First sequence examoct.2011
2
Exercise 1: Power electronics components.
The diagram of figure 1 below is used to vary the voltage across the load R.
The thyristors are perfect and are controlled by signals produced by the circuit of
figure 2.
RL
R1
R3
R2
u(t)
T1
T2
UL
V1
V3
V2
i1
i3
i2
IC
T1
T2
Figure 1 Figure 2
t t u 100 sin 2 120 ) ( = , R = 10 .
The firing angle of T1 is while T2 is fired at + . The operational amplifier is ideal
and works in linear regime.
1. Draw in synchronism, the waveforms of u(t), u
L
(t), v
T1
(t) and v
T2
(t).
2. Calculate the average value and the effective value of u
L
(t), v
T1
(t) and v
T2
(t).
3. Considering the circuit of figure 2, express in terms of V1, V3, R1, and R3 the
currents i1, i2, i3 and the voltage V2.
4. Determine the expression of V2 if R1 = R2 = R3 = R.
Exercise 2: Single phase non controlled rectification.
Consider the following figures:
D
R
R
Uo(t)
Uo(t)
u(t) u(t)
Monoalternance Double alternance
REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON
Peace Work Fatherland

GTHS KUMBO/ ELECT DPT

FIRST SEQUENCE EXAM
Class: F
3
7
Option: Electrotechnology
Duration: 3H
Coefficient: 3
POWER ELECTRONICS
No document is allowed except the one given to
the candidates by the examiners
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_First sequence examoct.2011
3
. 100 sin 2 10 ) ( t t u = R = 500 .
For each of the above circuits:
1. Draw in synchronism with u(t), the waveform of u
o
(t) and that of the current
i
R
(t) flowing through the resistive load R.
2. Calculate the average value of u
o
(t) and i
R
(t).
3. Calculate the effective value of u
o
(t) and i
R
(t).
4. Calculate the power dissipated by the load R.
Exercise 3: Periodic signals.
0
T/2 T t
0
T/4 T
T/6 2T/6 T/2
4T/6 5T/6
T
Vmax
Im
Im/2
Imax
- Imax/3
T/3 T
Signal 1 Signal 2
Signal 3
Signal 4
0 0 t
t
t
Vmax
For each signal given above, calculate the average value and the effective value.
Proposed by Mr. NGOUNE Jean-Paul,
PLET Electrotechnics, GTHS KUMBO.
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_First sequence examoct.2011
4
PROPOSITION OF SOLUTION
Exercise 1: Power electronics components.
Let us consider the diagram of figure 1 below used to vary the voltage across the
load R. It is assumed that the thyristors T1 and T2 are perfect and controlled by
signals produced by the circuit of figure 2.
RL
R1
R3
R2
u(t)
T1
T2
UL
V1
V3
V2
i1
i3
i2
IC
T1
T2
Figure 1 Figure 2
1. Waveforms of u(t), u
L
(t), v
T1
(t) and v
T2
(t) in synchronism.
RL
vT1
vT2
uL
u(t)
t t u 100 sin 2 120 ) ( = , O = 10 R
a) Study of the functioning of the system:
It is assumed that the firing angle of T1 is and that of T2 is + .
(

e + +
(

e
T
T T
t
T
t
2 2
2
0
0
0

Where T is the period of the supply u(t).

During the positive half cycle:
- For | |
0
0 t t e
U(t)>0 and T1 is not yet fired. Therefore, T1 is OFF and T2 is OFF.
The equivalent diagram of the system is as follows:
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_First sequence examoct.2011
5
RL
u(t)
0V
0A
-u(t)
u(t)
vT1= u(t)
vT2 = -u(t)
uL(t) = 0
- For
(

e
2
0
T
t t , u(t)>0, The thyristor is fired. T1 is ON and T2 is OFF.
The equivalent diagram of the system is as follows:
RL
u(t)
0V
u(t)
uL(t) = u(t)
vT1 = vT2 = 0V
During the negative half cycle:
- For

+ e
0
2 2
t
T T
t T2 is not yet fired. So, T2 is OFF, T1 is also OFF.
The equivalent diagram of the system is as follows:
RL
u(t)
0V
0A
-u(t)
u(t)
vT1= u(t)
vT2 = -u(t)
uL(t) = 0
- For
(

+ e T t
T
t
0
2
. T1 is OFF and T2 is ON, The equivalent diagram of the
system is given as follows:
RL
u(t)
u(t)
0 V
uL(t) = u(t)
vT1 =vT2 = 0
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_First sequence examoct.2011
6
b) waveforms:
to T/2 T T+to T/2+to
0
0
0
0
uL(t)
vT1(t)
vT2(t)
t
t
t
t
2. Calculation of average and effective values:
Signal uL(t):
0 =
av
UL Because u
L
(t) is periodic and symmetric.
} }
= =
2
2 2
) (
2 2
sin

2
) (
1
T
to
T
L
eff tdt U
T
dt t u
T
UL
But
2
2 cos 1
sin
2

=
Hence
( )
(

+ =
(

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
(

= = |
.
|

\
|
=
} }

2
2 sin
2

2
2 sin
2
sin
2

2
2 sin

2 cos 1

2
2 cos 1

2
0
0
2
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
t
t
T
T
U t
t
T T
T
U
UL
t
t
T
U
dt t
T
U
dt
t
T
U
UL
eff
T
to
T
to
T
to
eff
Finally,
Signal v
T1
(t):
VT1
av
= 0 Because v
T1
(t) is periodic and symmetric.

4
2 sin
2
1

0 0
t
T
t
U UL
eff
+ =
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_First sequence examoct.2011
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(

= =
}

2
2 sin

) (
2
0
0
2
0
2
1
2
t
t
T
U
dt t u
T
V
to
eff T finally
Signal v
T2
(t):
VT2
av
= 0
VT2
eff
= VT1
eff
Numerical application: Do the calculation of the above values for
12 6
T
=

.
3. Let us consider the circuit of figure 2:
R3
R1
R2
V1
V3
V2
i1
i3
i2
Let us express in terms of V1, V3, R1 and R3 the currents i1, i2, i3, and the voltage
v2.
Voltage V
3
.
3 2 1
3
3
2
2
1
1
3
3
2
2
1
1
3 2 1
1 1 1
0
R R R
R
V
R
V
R
V
e
R
V e
R
V e
R
V e
i i i
+ +
+ +
=

= + +

4
2 sin

0 0
1
t
T
t
U V
eff T
=
1
1
1
R
V
i =
3
3
3
R
V
i =
3
3
1
1
2
3 1 2
R
V
R
V
i
i i i
+ =
+ =
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_First sequence examoct.2011
8
But 0 = =
+
e e
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
= + +
3
3
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
R
V
R
V
R
V
R
V
R
V
R
V
4. Expression of V2 for R1 = R2 = R3 = R
This circuit is an analogical adder.
Exercise 2: Single phase non controlled rectification.
Let us consider the following circuits:
D
R
R
Uo(t)
Uo(t)
u(t) u(t)
Monoalternance Double alternance
A. Half wave:
1. Waveforms of u
0
(t) and i
R
(t).
0
0
T/2 T
t
t
u(t)
uo(t)
iR(t)
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
3
3
1
1
2 2
R
V
R
V
R V
( )
3 1 2
V V V + =
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_First sequence examoct.2011
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2. Calculation of average values:
;
NA: V U
oav
503 . 4
2 10
= =

, mA I
Rav
9 =
3. Calculation of effective values:
5. Power dissipated in the load:
NA: 2 5 =
oeff
U ; mA I
ff
14 . 14
Re
= ; W P 1 . 0 =
B. Full wave:
1. Waveforms of u
0
(t) and i
R
(t).
0
0
T/2 T
t
t
u(t)
uo(t)
iR(t)
| |

U
t
T
U
tdt U
T
U
T T
av

cos

sin

1
2
0
2
0
0
= = =
}
R
U
I
Rav

=
2

2
2 sin
2

sin

0
2
2
2
0
2
0
2
2
2
2
U
U
U t
t
T
U
tdt
T
U
U
eff
T
T
oeff
=
=
(

= =
}

R
U
I
ff
2

Re
=
R
U
R
U
R RI P
4 2

2
2
2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
= =
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_First sequence examoct.2011
10
2. Calculation of average values:
;
NA: V U
oav
007 . 9 = ; mA I
Rav
18 = .
3. Calculation of effective values:
;
NA: V U
oeff
10 = ; mA I
ff
20
Re
= .
4. Power dissipated by the load:
NA: mW P 200 = .
Exercise 3: Periodic signals.
Signal 1:
;
Signal 2:

U
t
T
U
tdt U
T
U
T
T
oav

2
cos
1

2
sin

2
2
0
2
0
=
(

= =
} R
U
I
Rav

2
=
2

2
2 sin

sin

2
2
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
2
2
U
U
U t
t
T
U
tdt
T
U
U
oeff
T
T
oeff
=
=
(

= =
}

Re
R
U
I
ff
=
R
U
R
U
R RI P
2

2
2
2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
= =

U
V
av

2
=
2

V
V
eff
=
| |

1
4
0
4
0
V
t Sin
T
V
tdt Cos V
T
V
T T
av
= = =
}
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_First sequence examoct.2011
11
Signal 3:
I
av
= 0 Because the signal is periodic and symmetric.
Signal 4:
END
2 2

2
2
2

2
2
4
0
2
4
0
2
2
2
V
V
V t Sin
t
T
V
tdt Cos
T
V
V
eff
T
T
eff
=
=
(

+ = =
}

2
2
2
6 2 6 6 2
2
2
2
2
2
m
eff
m
m
m
m
eff
I
I
I
T
T I T
I
T I
I
=
=

(
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ + |
.
|

\
|
=
m
m
m
av
I
T
T I T
I
I
18
5
3
2
3 2
=

=
27
11
27
11 3
2
3 3
2
2
2
2
2
m eff
m
m
m
eff
I I
I
T
T I T
I
I
=
=
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_First sequence examoct.2011
12
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
NGOUNE Jean-Paul is a teacher in the electrical
department in GTHS KUMBO. He is teaching this year
in the following subjects: Power electronics, Electrical
Machines, Digital Circuits, Electricity-Electronics, and
Automation.
Any suggestion or critic is welcome
NGOUNE Jean-Paul, PLET, DEA.(Electrical Engineering).
P.O. Box: 102 NSO, Kumbo, Cameroon.
Phone: (+237) 7506 2458.
Email : jngoune@yahoo.fr
Web site : www.scribd.com/jngoune