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(4) 'k*wd H[d Howd 0demaowdwd o&PH= raumif;ojzihfvm;&m usa&muf&mXmersm;jzpf aom i&J? wd&pmef? Nydwm? tol&um,f[kqdk tyfaom tyg,fav;bHkwdkYrS z,f&Sm;umuG,f ay;wwfaomaMumihf o&Ptrnf&av\/ 'k*wdbHkb0vm;jcif;rS z,f&Sm;ay;Ekdifjcif;/ (5) y&dudavoH [d Howd 0demaowDwd o& PH=ud,npfEr;f jcif;? EIwnpfEr;f jcif;? pdwnpf k f G f G f EGrf;jcif;rsm;udk z,f&Sm;ay;wwfaomaMumihf vnf; ]o&P} rnfay\/ ud k , f E G r f ; jcif ; ? pd w f y if y ef ; jcif ; ? pdwfqif;&Jjcif;wdkYudk yaysmufapEkdifjcif;wdkYjzpf avonf/ (5)yg;wdkYudk ]uG,fjcif;ig;yg;} [k ac:ygonf/ ]udk;jcif;av;oG,fESihf jynhfpHkvQif uG,fjcif;ig;yg;? tusKd;w&m;wdkYudk &&SdrSefpGm {uef j zpf a yonf / tud k ; rS e f z d k Y v d k a yonf / tudk;rSefrSvnf; tuG,fig;yg;tusKd;w&m;&&Sd rnfjzpfonf/ (C) uG , f y H k i g;yg; om"ursm; ab;tE&m,fumuG,fEkdifyHkrsm;pGm&Sd onfteuf "ry't|uxmwGif vSn;f orm;\ h om;i,f0wKonf xif&Sm;yg\/ xif;ckwfoGm; Mu&if; rd;k csKyom;ojzihf NrKd UxJor0ifEiawmhbJ f G Ykd dk f NrKd Ujyifwif tdyc& om;tzESpO;D teuf ntcg G f hJ f wGif om;i,fukd bDv;l qGc&onf/ vSn;f jzKwNf y;D J H vSnf;atmufwGif tdyfaeaom om;i,ftm; bDvl;u ajcaxmufudkqGJvdkufpOf om;i,fu ]earmAk ' ....earm"r ...earm

FORE ARTICLES
"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ pGmaom tvdrfrmajrrav;jzpfjcif;? wG,fwm jcif;wdkYaMumihfom pdk;&drfaomua&mufvsuf idka<u;ylaqG;&jcif;jzpfayawmhonf} Ak'bk&m;&Sifonf ajr;raoqHk;oGm; rIaMumihf idkBuD;csufrjzihf pdk;&drfylaqG; aomu waxG ; BuD ; ES i h f a&muf v maom 0d o mcg ausmif;trBuD;tm; ]yD , awm Zm, wD aomaum? ayr awm Zm,wD b,H ? ayrawm 0d y r k w ? ewd a omaum uk a wm b,H } cspfcifwG,fwmrIaMumihf pdk;&drfjcif; jzpf\/ cspfcifwG,fwmrIaMumifh ab;tE&m,f jzpf&\? cspfcifwG,fwmrI uif;vGwfoltm; b,f t aMumif ; aMumih f r S pd k ; &d r f j cif ; ab;? tE&m,fjzpfjcif;r&Sacs[aom w&m;aq;awmf d l BuD;udk wdkufauR;awmfrlvkdufavonf/ xdtcg 0domcg\ ESv;kH om;wGif pl;0if k aeaom aomujrm;? ESvHk;om;wGif pGJNidavmif NrdKufaeaom aomurD;onf EIwfy,fNyD;jzpf oGm;av\/ Nidrf;at;NyD;jzpfoGm;avownf;/ ("ry'? yd,0*f? 0domcg0wK) &if r S m avmif u Rrf ; ES v H k ; rNid r f ; csrf ; aomolwdkYtwGuf "r&wem[laom o&P*Hk onfvnf; &ifrStylrD;udk Nidrf;owfay;Ekdifav onf/ ESv;kH Niraq;? pdwNf iraq;? tdyaq;awG d f d f f aomufum? ylyefrIrsm;udk z,f&Sm;ae&olrsm; twGuf ]"raq;awmfBu;D } udk rS0aomufo;kH jcif; D J tm;jzihf &ifrSmjzpfaom ylyefrIaomurD;awG at;Nidrf;? csrf;omapEkdifaMumif; odomvSay onf/ aomuNid r f ; at; w&m;aq;ud k aomufoHk;EkdifMuygap/ usrf;Tef;- "ry'a'oemawmf (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / ) earm or m or K ' rH k & G m aeZm

Ak'*wum D d
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(kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) ok 0 P u m&aw & 0w K

Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0wdjynf aZw0efausmif;awmf aeawmfrlaomtcg &S i f o m&d y k w & monf wynh f & [ef ; i,f w pf y g;tm; tok b ur | mef ; uk d a y; pD;jzef;apaomfvnf; w&m;txl;r&EkiaomaMumifh bk&m;&Siudk avQmuf\/ bk&m;&Sionf d f f f xk&[ef;i,frm b0ig;&m a&Tyef;xdronfjzpfz;l onfudk jrifawmfr y'krmMumyGiuay; d S f l hf dk ]]avm[dwH avm[dwH (teD teD) [k pD;jzef;ap&mwGif ormywf&Spfyg; tbdnmOf ajcmufyg;ukd&\/ MumyGifhnKd;EGrf;onfukdjrif tedpvuPmukd I\/ bk&m;&Sifonf *Euk#DwkdufawmfrS a&mifjcnfawmfvTwf ]]OpdE odae[ rwaem}} paom *gxmukd a[mawmf rlonf/ xkd&[ef;i,fonf &[Emjzpfav\/ OpdE odae[ rwaem? ukrk'H om&'duH0 ygPdem/ oEdr*ar0 jAL[,? edAmeH ok*awe a'odwH/ jrefrmuAsm wefaqmifrkef;v yGifhMuay:vm? ukrkMumjrwf ukdifjzwfyrm? ukd,fjzpfvm wPSmjzwfyg? jrwfbk&m; a[mMum;edAmefom? a&muf&efyGm; w&m;r*fukdom/
Cut off your affection as an autumn lily with the hand; cultivate the very path of Peace. Nibbana has been expounded by the Auspicious One.

k hf h dk f h pum;ajy/ / wefaqmifre;f v yGiaom ukrjk 'mMumyef;ukd vufjzifui jzwfouJoYdk rdrd\cspfjcif;wPSmukd (t&[wr*fjzifh) jzwfavmh/ bk&m;&Sifonf wPSmuif;&m edAmef udk a[mMum;awmfr\/ (olawmfaumif;wkYd ckatmif;&mrSe) at;edAmefoa&mufaMumif;jzpf l d f Ydk aom r*ifukdom yGm;rsm;ygavmh/

apwD ykxkd; ausmif; "rmkH toD;oD;wkdYwGif ukokdvf,l aqmif&uaeMuolrsm;twGuf G f wuovoQio&(r[mo'raZmwdu"Z) a&;om;aom dk f f D d a*gyuESihf Ak'b@mawm pmtkyxuNf yD f G @mawmf
pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf rsufESmzkH;zGifhjyKcsuftrSwf 3207461107 3203320708

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

10

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PODIUM DHAMMA
"r0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,f tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

11

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13

eufeJcufcJaom y#dporkyg'f Oyrmav;csuf

oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm) tvGefyif eufeJcufcJonfh y#dporkyg'fw&m;awmfudk ay:vGifonf[kxifrSwfaeaom t&SiftmeEmtwGuf jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif a[mMum;awmfrlonfh Oyrmav;csufwdkYudk okwefyd#uwf? ed'ge0* oH,kwfygVdawmf? t|uxmwGif azmfjyyg&Sdygonf/ y#d p o rk y g 'f O yrmav;csuf t&SiftmeEmtwGuf y#dporkyg'fOyrmav;csufwdkYrSm(1) tm;aumif;aom vufa0SUorm;BuD;Oyrm/ (2) wdrd&yd*Fvig;BuD;Oyrm/ (3) *VKefiSufrif;BuD; Oyrm/ (4) tol&dewfrif;BuD; Oyrm? aygif;av;yg;jzpfonf/ 1/ tm;aumif ; aomvuf a 0S U orm;BuD ; Oyrm tm;aumif;aomvufa0SUorm;BuD;onf tm;prf;onfh ausmufwHk;BuD;rsm;udk b,fwpfvHk;? nmwpfvHk;udkifNyD; ]]rif;wdkYausmufwHk;u av;w,fqdkwm b,frSmvJa[h}} [k atmf[pfajymqdkum tHpma<uaphuav;udk ypfouJhodkY ypfcsoGm;av\/ ,if;ausmufwHk;BuD;onf tm;&Sdtm;aumif;aom vufa0SU orm;BuD;tzkdY rav;aomfvnf; omrmefvlwdkYtzdkYum; r,ljcif;iSm rpGrf; Ekdifavmufatmif tvGefav;vHouJhokdY y#dporky'f w&m;awmfonf PfBuD;aom t&SiftmeEmtzdkY reufeJyJ ay:vGifaeygonf[k xifrSwf zG,f&Sdaomfvnf; Pfenf;olwdkYtzdkY tvGefyifeufeJvSayonf/ 2/ wd r d & yd * F v ig;BuD ; Oyrm ,lZemwpfaxmif&Sdaom wdrd&yd*Fvig;BuD;onf ork'&mtwGif;jrL;wl;aomtcg em;wpfzufvIyfcwfu ,lZemig;q,ftxd a&vdIif;rsm;x\/ tNrD;? OD;acgif;wdkYvIyfvQif ,lZemig;&mtxd a&vdIif;rsm;x\/ em;ESpfzuf? tNrD;? OD;acgif;wdkYvIyfcwf jrL;wl;ygu ,lZem wpf&mtxd a&vdIif;BuD;rsm; armufNzdK;qlyGufav\/ ,lZemwpf&m ausmufukef;udka&wdkY rzHk;Ekdifatmif&Sdav\/ ig;BuD;u odkYajymqdk&m\/ ork'&mBuD;u eufvSonf[k ajymqdkMu&m tb,frSmeufoenf;? ig\ausmufukef;udkrS a&wdkY zHk;vTrf; jcif;iSm rpGrf;ygwum;[kqdk&m\/ xdkig;BuD;tzdkY ork'&mBuD;u reufdIif;[kqdkEkdifaomfvnf; tjcm;aomig;wdkYtzdkYum; tvGefeufdIif;onf[k qdk&ouJhodkY y#dp orkyg'fw&m;onf PfynmBuD;rm;aom t&SiftmeEmtzdkY reufeJbJ ay:vGifvSaomfvnf; omrefPfynmenf;olwdkYtzkdYum; tvGefyif eufeJvSonf[kqdk&rnfjzpf\/ 3/ *VKef i S u f r if ; BuD ; Oyrm *VKefiSufrif;BuD;onf udk,fcEm,lZemwpf&mhig;q,f&Sd\/ tawmifwpfzefqefYvQif ,lZemig;q,fpD&Sd\/ tNrD;vHk;BuD;onf ,lZem ajcmufq,f&\/ vnfyif;onf ,lZemoH;k q,f&n\/ EIwo;D onf ud;k ,lZem&S\/ ajcwdonf q,fEp,Zem&Sue\/ *VKerif;onf awmifyjH zef dS S f f d Yk h S f l d k f f Y av[kefjyKaomtcg ckepf,lZem? &Spf,lZemae&mXme rqefYacs/ *VKefrif;onf odkYajym&m\/ ]]aumif;uifus,fpGmh ,lZem teEvdkYajymqdkMu&m? tb,frSm teE&Sdygoenf;? ig\ av[kefjzeYf avmufatmif aumif;uifyifr&Sdygwum;}}[kqdk&m\/ *VKefiSufrif;BuD;tzdkY aumif;uifonf usOf;vS\[k qdkoihfaomfvnf; tjcm;aom iSufwdkYtzdkYum; aumif;uifBuD;um; us,ve;f vSpmwum;[k qdxuavouJoYdk PfBu;D &Sif t&SitmeEm tzdYk y#dporkyg 'fw&m;ay:vGivonf[k qdxuaomfvnf; wpfyg;aom f G G k kd f h f f S k kd f Pfenf;olwdkYtzdkYum; ay:vGifonf[k rqdkuf? eufeJvGef;onf[k qdkxdkufavonf/ 4/ tol & d e f e wf r if ; BuD ; Oyrm tol&defewfrif;BuD;onf t&yf,lZemav;axmif&Spf&m&Sd\/ vufarmif;ESpfzuftMum;? &ifbwfonf ,lZemwpfaxmifhESpf&m&Sd\/ txk,lZemajcmuf&m&Sd\/ vufz0g;ajcz0g;,lZemoHk;&m&Sd\/ cHwGif;vnf; xdkenf;twkdif;jzpf\/ vufacsmif;rsm; ,lZemig;q,fpD&Sd\/ rsufcHk;ESpfzuftMum; ,lZemig;q,f&Sd\/ ezl;tus,f ,lZemoHk;&m&Sd\/ OD;acgif;,lZemudk;&m&Sd\/ if;onf ork'&modkYqif;aomf a&teuf onf 'l;qpfrQom&Sdav\/ xktol&eewfrif;Bu;D u odq&m\/ ]ork'&monf eufonf[qMkd u&m tb,frmvQif eufygoenf;? 'l;qpfujkd rK yatmif aomfrQa&u d d f Yk kd k S f reufygwum;} [kajymqdk&m\/ tol&defewfrif;BuD;tzdkY ork'&mu wdrfonf[kqdkxdkufyg aomfvnf; wpfyg;aomolwdkYtzdkY odkYrqdkxdkuf/ tvGefyifeufdIif;vSyg onf[kqdkxdkufouJhokdY PfBuD;&Sif t&SiftmeEmtzdkY y#dporkyg'fw&m; onf reufeJyg/ ay:vGifvSygonf[kqdkxdkufaomfvnf; Pfenf;olwdkY tzdkY? y#dporkyg'fw&m;um; eufeJavpGmh cufcJavpGmh[k qkdxdkufavownf;/ onfwkdYum; okwefyd#uwf? ed'ge0*oH,kwfygVdawmf? t|uxmwGifazmfjyaom t&SiftmeEmtwGuf y#dporkyg'fay:vGif xif&Sm;onfqdk&m a[mawmfrlaomOyrmav;csufwdkYjzpfayonf/ oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm)

THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

14
aemuf a usmzk H ; rS

"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ aMumihf jzpfay:vmaom tcsrf;tylwdkYESdyfpufjcif; 'Pfudkyg onf;cHEkdif atmif BudK;yrf;tm;xkwf&rSmjzpfygw,f/

oabmxm;NyD; trsufrxGuf? a'gorjzpfMuyJ at;rIylrIESpfckvHk;udk Patience Means onf;cHEkdifMuygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk onf;cHEkdifwm[m t"d0goecEdyJjzpfyg Patience is essential to excuse without taking any offence, to bear the suffering from eating, clothing, lodging w,f/ without any complaint, to bear critisim of others retort or azmuf j yef j cif ; r&S d o nf ; cH E k d i f w ,f challenge, to restrain one's temper, to show forbearance, tJ'Dt"d0goecEdeJY jynhfpHkwJhol[m Zmwu0wKawGxJu cEd generosity, perseverance, bravery, and to be patient to cold and 0g'D&Sif&aohvdk qJa&;jcif;rsKd;pHkeJY qJa&;vmolawGudkvJ rMum;a,mifjyK heat (that is, weather). um rlrysu[efrysubJ onf;cHwwfygw,f/ duEuywcwfowfjzwf onf ; cH j cif ; aMumih f &&S d a omtusKd ; 5 yg; f f k f S f k f i;f qJoawGuvJ rjrifa,mifjyKum azmufjyefjcif; r&SwhJ pdweYJ onf;cH l kd d f onf;cHEkdifjcif;aMumihf &&SdwJhtusKd;w&m; (5)yg;&Sdygw,f/ (1) wwfygw,f/ trsm;&JUcspfcifrIudk cH&jcif;? (2) &ef&Smrnfholr&Sdjcif;? (3) tjypftem taumif ; jrif t aumif ; I w wf o l tqmenf;yg;jcif;? (4) awGa0rdef;armNyD; rao&jcif;ESihf (5) aoqHk;NyD; t"d0goecEdeJYjynhfpHkwJhol[m rZdredum,frSmvmwJht&Sif onhfaemuf tyg,fbHkodkY rvm;ra&muf&bJ aumif;&mok*wdodkY ykPax&fvdk tNrJwrf;taumif;udkom Itaumif;udkom ESvHk;oGif; vm;a&muf&jcif;qdkwJh tusKd;aus;Zl; 5 yg;jzpfapygw,f/ wwfygw,f/ taumif;udkom BuHwwfygw,f/ rdrdukd qJa&;vm&if Five Advantages of Patience Patience gives five Advantages such as (1) affection of vuferduwmawmfao;wmaygY/ vufeYJ duywvm&if cJeraygufwm YJ k f k f k f YJ others, (2) No quarrels nor disputis with others, (3) Lack absence awmfao;wmaygY/ cJeaygufvmjyef&if wkwerduwmawmfao;wmaygY/ YJ f YJ k f of faults or defects, (4) death without delusion perplexity, wkwfeJYdkufvmjyef&if "m;eJYrckwfwm awmfao;wmaygY/ tJ'Dvdk onf;cH bewilderment, and (5) rebirth in the happy or blissful planes. awmfrNl y;D taumif;udom ESv;kH oGi;f wwfygw,f/ taumif;udom Ijrif onf ; rcH j cif ; aMumih f j zpf & aom tjypf 5 yg; k k wwfygw,f/ onf;rcHjcif;aMumihf rsufarSmufb0vnf;aumif;? rsufuG,f cE D \ oabmqd k o nf r S m wrvGefvnf;aumif;? tjypfjzpf&wwfyHkrsm;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif cED\ teufoabmu pdwf&Snfjcif;?onf;cHjcif;? oabmxm; a[mMum;awmfrlyHkudk okwefyd#uwft*Fkw&edum,f y*Fkw&u@rSm Bu;D jcif;? cHEi&nf&jdS cif;? onf;cHpwtNr&jdS cif;? aAGr,ltKd ;rxm;cGivwf azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ dk f d f J fh T wwfjcif;qdkwJh wpfyg;oltay:rSm pdwfqdk;a'go trsufvHk;0rxGufwJh xdkonf;rcHjcif;aMumihfjzpf&wJhtjypfrsm;um; (1) trsm;&JU tvGefYtvGefudkrS ta&;BuD;wJh olawmfaumif;pdwf"mwfrsKd;jzpfygw,f/ rkef;wD;rIudkcH&jcif;? (2) ab;&efrsm;ESihf jyemrsm; xlajymrsm;jym;jcif;? olwpfyg;u rdrdtm; a'gotrsufajcmif;ajcmif;xGufavmuf (3) tjypftemtqmrsm;jym;jcif;? (4) awGawGa0a0eJY ao&jcif;ESihf atmif (u) dkif;jyapmfum;vmjcif;? (c) if;yef;ESdyfpufvmjcif;? (*) (5) aoqHk;NyD;onhfaemufvnf; tyg,fbHkodkY vm;a&muf&jcif;wdkYyJjzpf xdk;ESufwdkufcdkufvmjcif;? (C) pdwftaESmihft,Suf rausreyf? rcHr&yf ygw,f/ Ekdifjzpfavmufatmif apmfum;vmjcif;rsm;udk onf;cHEkdifpGrf;&SdEdkifatmif Five Disadvantages of Non- Patience (u) tpGrf;ukefavhusihftm;xkwfjcif;aMumihf? (c) onf;cHjcif;&JUtusKd; Non- Patience gives Five Disadvantages such as, (1) hatred or contempt or malignity of others, (2) many quarrels and aus;Zl;terw*tajrmuftjrm;&&SdaprSmjzpfygw,f/
To Be patient; Khant1ca Khanti means patience, tolerance, forbearance, forgiveness. It is extremely important for one not to get angry on being (a) abused, (b) ill- reated, (c) attcked and (d) offended. It is an essence as (a) it is hard to practise, and (b) it is beneficial to the mulittude.
-

disputes, (3) abundance of faults or defects, (4) death with delusion perplexity bewilderment, and (5) rebirth in the unhappy miserable worlds or states.

onf ; cH j cif ; qk d o nf onf;cHjcif;qkdwm[m rnfonfhpdwftaESmihft,Sufjzpfjcif;? rausreyfjzpfjcif;? apmfum;&ma&mufjcif;rsKd;wdkYrS ruyfra&mufEkdifapwJh t"dutaMumif;tcsufjzpfygw,f/ tpm;qif;&Jjcif;'ku? t0wfqif;&Jjcif;'ku? taeqif;&Jjcif; 'kuwdkYESihf BuHKqHk&yguvnf; rnfonfh pdwfrcsrf;rajrUjzpfrIrsKd;wdkYrS r&SdyJ BuHUBuHUcHonf;cHEkdifjcif;/ olwpfyg;u rdrdtay: rawmfrw&m;pGyfpGJykwf cwfjypfwifwcsa0zefajymqdvmyguvnf;? vH;k 0cGe;f wHjYk yefum &ifqif I f k kd pdefac:rIrsKd; pdk;pOf;rQ r&Sd? jzpfay:vmonfhpdwfudk csKd;ESdrf onf;cHcGihf vTwfjyEkdifjcif;? oltvdk&Sd&m t&m0wKudk apwemygyg &ufa&mpGmjzifh ay;urf;pGefYBuJEkdifpGrf;&Sdjcif;? wnfMunfcdkifrm &J&ihfwJhpdwfudk owd&Sd&Sd arG;jrLEkdifatmif rqkwfrepfwJh vHkYvjzihf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfNyD;? &moDOwk

onf ; cH j cif ; onf a useyf j cif ; jzpf \ tJ'DcEDqdkwJh w&m;awmft&ajym&r,fqdk&if? cEDqdkwJhpum; vHk;[m vlwdkif;&JUEIwfxJrSma&mufaewJhpum;jzpfygw,f/ tJ'DcEDudkyif ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm;cGJjcm;NyD; azmfjy&r,fqdk&if(1) 'd|dedZmecED- wpfckwpfckaomtrIudpudk oabmwl vkdufavsmjcif;/ (2) orm'gecED- wpfOD;wpfa,mufaomol&JU usL;vGef apmfum;rIudk onf;cHjcif;&,fvdkY cED (2) rsdK;&SdaMumif;udk usrf;*efwdkYrSm azmfjyygw,f/ odkYaomf 'Dae&mrSm olwpfyg;&JU usL;vGefapmfum;rIudk onf;cH jcif;qdkwJh? orm'gecEDudkom cEDr*Fvmtppfjzpfw,fvdkY qdkygw,f/ 'Dorm'gecEDt&? onf;cHjcif;qdk&mrSmvnf; twdkcsKyfajym& &if pdwauseyfroabmwpfrsKd ;jzpfygw,fvYkd qdygw,f/ 'gudk &Si;f jy&&if? f I k olwpfyg;u rdrdtay:udk udk,fjzihfjzpfap? EIwfjzihfjzpfap usL;vGefxdyg; vmwmudk tjypftaeeJY aAGr,lyJ auseyfpGmvufcHxm;EdkifcJh&if?

TERAVADA PERSPECTIVE
"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

15

tusL;vGefcH&olu wHkYjyefcGihf&SdwJhtrsufa'go[mvnf;? pdwfxJrSm ]]tau m a"e Zd a eaum"H } } ]]tMurf;zufvmoludk rdrdu tMurf;rzufbJ onf;cHjcif;jzifh tjrpfwG,fraeawmhbJ tvG,feJYyJ ajyaysmufoGm;&ygawmhw,f/ The Real Khanti atmif j rif a p&r,f } } vd k Y jrwf p G m bk & m;a[mawmf r l y gw,f / 'gud k Patience is of two kinds such as;aumif;pGmay:vGifxif&Sm;ap&rSmjzpfygw,f/ (1) Ditthinijjhanakhanti- Compliance or agreement with .. tMurf;zufrIjyKvmoludk vufwHkYjyef&ufpufrIrjyKbJ? tMurf; other's performances, -dana Khanti- tolerance of other's ill- reatment. rzufonf;cHjcif;jzihf atmifjrifap&rSmjzpfygw,f/ a'gotrsufacsmif; (2) Sama The second one is taken as a real khanti. It implies for- acsmif;xGufNyD;? todw&m;uif;rJhvdkY &ufpuftMurf;zufawmhr,fholudk? giveness without any retaliation when one is ill- treated through rwwfomvdkY &ifqdkifawGUMu&NyDqdkygpdkY/ onf;cHrIudk a&SUxm;NyD; xdkol&JU bodily and verbal actionss, and not to give any chance of &efrS a&SmifuGif;jcif;jzihf tEdkif,ljcif;onfom? wpfaxmifaomppfyGJudk occurance arising of hatred in one's mind. To tolerate when one wu,fwef;atmifjrifoljzpfwJh? ESpfbD;wyfppfjrif;&xm;udk t[kefjyif; is weak, and to retaliate when one is powerful is not tolerance, jyif;eJY pD;eif;vmwJh ol&Jaumif;ppfonftvm;? rdrd&JUjrif;udk kwfcsnf; but hatred latent in one's mind. ZufBuKd ;owf&yfypfvuovd?k a'goxGuaewJo&UJ pdwukd rdra&SUrSmwif dk f f h l f d aemuf x yf o nf ; cH j cif ; (2) rsd K ; xdkYjyif aemufxyfonf;cHjcif;qdkwm[m? tm;&Sdolu tm;rJhol csufcsif;a'goajyaysmufcsrf;om&m a&mufaprSmjzpfygw,f/ tay: onf;cHjcif;eJY tm;rJholu tm;&Sdoltay:rSmonf;cHjcif;qdkwJh Non- Violence is a real Victory It should be noted that to retaliate violence or terrorism onf;cHjcif;ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm;&Sdjyefygw,f/ eHygwf (1) onf;cHjcif;qdkwmu through non- violence is a real victory. tm;&SdolwdkYusihfoHk;xkdufwJh ]]Av0cED}} qdkwmjzpfNyD;awmh? eHygwf (2) To cope with one's anger is better than to conquer a onf;cHjcif;qdkwmu tm;rJholwdkYeJYomqdkifwJh ]]'kAvcED}} jzpfygw,f/ thousand battles, and to keep down one's anger is a real charivufeufuixm;wJvwpfa,mufu? vufeufro&UJ twdr;f oteer than one who controls horses. kd f h l hJ l "Whosoever checks a rising anger as a driver a rolltapmif;udk vufeuftm;udk;eJY? aAGr,lbJ onf;cHvkdufwJhoabmu ing chariot, him I call a charioteer true, others only hold the ]]Av0cED}} jzpfNyD;awmh? vufeufudkifaqmifxm;olwpfa,muf&JU reins." usL;vGeapmfum;orQu?kd vufeufrou onf;cHaewmrsKd ;u ]]'kAvcE}D } f hJ l "By non-hatred alone that hatred is appeased." jzpfygw,f/ csr;f omwJoeYJ qif;&Jwo?l MoZmtmPm&SoeYJ MoZmtmPm h l hJ d l ]]Z,H a0&H yo0wd ? 'k u H a owd y&mZ,H } } rJholwdkY&JU qufqHa&;eJY pyfvsOf;vdkYvJ Av0cEDjzpfyHkeJY 'kAvcEDjzpfyHkwdkY EdkifjyefvQifvnf; &efrsm;\/ IH;jyefvQifvnf; qif;&J\/ [mvnf; tvm;wlyJjzpfygw,f/ "r 0 D & -oE m atmif Another Two kinds of Patience tjynf j ynf q d k i f & max&0g' There are Another Two kinds of Patience, such as, tolerance of a powerful one upon the weak (Balava Khanti) and Ak ' o moemjyKwu o d k v f ? &ef u k e f /
tolerance of a weak one towards the powerful (DubbalaKhanti). The first one implies the tolerance of (a) an armed one upon the unarmed, (b) the rich upon and (c) the powerful upon the powerless.

wpf e nf ; cE D (2) rsd K ; xdjYk yifvnf; onf;cHjcif;rSm aemufxyfcED (2) rsKd ;&Sygao;w,f/ d tJ'DcED (2) rsdK;uawmh? (1) wd wdumcED- tjyifty&efudk onf;cH jcif;qdkwmeJY (2) t"d0goecED- udk,fwGif;&efudk onf;cHjcif;qdkNyD; (2) rsdK;xyf&Sdjyefygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm rdrtm;qefusibufjyKvyvmolwtm; onf;cHjcif; d Y f k f Ykd [m tjyifty&efudkonf;cHjcif;jzpfNyD;? qmavmifrGwfodyfrI? ylrIat;rI pwmawGaMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh qif;&J'kua0'emudk onf;cHEdkifjcif;[m udk,fwGif;&efudk onf;cHjcif;jzpfygw,f/ tJ'vkd onf;cHjcif;qdwmrSm? olwpfyg;&JU usL;vGerukd auseyf D k f I EdkifwJhoabmjzpfwJhtwGuf? tJ'DauseyfrIvdkY qdktyfwJhonf;cHjcif;qdkwm rSmvJ? (1) Av0cEeYJ (2) 'kAvcEqwmawGuwpfrsKd ;? wpfenf;tm;jzihf D D kd (1) ud,y&efuvnf;onf;cHjcif;eJY (2) ud,wi;f &efuvnf; onf;cHjcif; k f kd k f G kd qdkwJh onf;cHjcif;ESpfrsdK;&Sdw,fvdkY rSwfom;Mu&rSmjzpfygw,f/
Then Another Two kinds of Patience And there come Another Two Kinds of Patcence, namely tolerance upon the external enemies (Titik Khakhanti), and tolerance upon the internal enemies (Adhivasana khanti.)

vdiMf unfjzL"r0&pmaywkuEihf I D d f S 'D*spw,fpmMunfwurS f h dk f jzefcsxwa0vkuNf yD Y d k f d

1/ "r0D&\ "roHpOfrsm; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESihf wuodkvfoQifoD&d) (Nidrf;csrf;OD;) ('kwd,tBudrf) (wuodkvfoQifoD&d) 4/ q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif\ pmayaumufEkwfcsufpmpk ("ry') (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESifh pkd;jrifhvwf) 5/ oEdokcokdY avScg;ckepfoG,f 6/ Ak',Ofaus;rI&wem 7/ olawmfaumif;wkdYtvSLay;enf; 8/ a*gyuESifh Ak'b@mawmf (wuokdvfoQifoD&d) t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY) t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY) (wuodkvfoQifoD&d) 2/ jzwfoef;csdefed'gef;ESihf yxrydkif;

3/ urmhvlom;rsm;ukd;uG,f&m bmomBuD;rsm;ESifh 0g't,ltqrsm;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

16
rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

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enf ; enf ; yg;yg;av;ay;NyD ; awmh rsm;rsm;,l o G m ;wm? [if ; av;wpf c G u f v m ay;NyD;awmh rsm;rsm;,loGm;wm/ [if;av; wpfcGufvmay;NyD;awmh qefwpfjynfavmuf ,l o G m ;wm[k w f v m;/ ud k , f h q D u rsm;rsm; ,loGm;wm? olu ay;awmh enf;enf;av; ay;w,f/ tJ'Dvdkay;rSvnf; rsm;rsm; &rSmudk;/ tJ'Dawmh ]]tn'wK[&}} avmurSm &Sdw,f/ vlawG[m enf;enf;av;ay;Ny;D awmh rsm;rsm;&atmif,loGm;w,f/ ]]oludk,fwdkif 'k u a &muf a eNyD q d k v d k Y & S d & if tul t nD & zd k Y twG u f wpf z uf o m;ud k od y f u sd K ;EG H w ,f / wpf z uf o m;ud k oem;vmatmif aygif ; wwf w ,f ]]tn'w K [&}} rd w f a qG w k / ol'kua&mufaewJh tcsdefqdkvdkY&Sd&if ]]tpf u d k B uD ; ? tm;ud k ; ygw,f / tpf r BuD ; tm;udk;ygw,f}} eJY usavmufatmifajymNyD; awmh aygif;wwfw,f/ tn'wK[&rdwfaqG/ olYtusdK; olarQmfNyD;awmh tNrJwrf; taygif; toif;rdwfaqG vkyfwwfw,f/ tJ'y*Kd vrsKd ;udk tn'wK[& rdwaqG D k f f vdac:w,f/ tJ'rwaqGrsKd ;[m rdwaqGtwkyg Yk D d f f wJ/ raygif;aveJY a0;a0;a&Smif? ud,wiuvnf; h k f kd f 'grsdK;rjzpfapeJYvdkY tJ'grsdK;ajymwm/ aemufwpfckrdwfaqGu bmvJqdk&if ]]0pDy&r}} wJh vufrygbl;? tajymouf (2) oufy/ tajymav;uawmh csKd w,f? 0pDy&rqdk J wm tajymeJY avmuGwvywwfwhJ rdwaqGrsKd ; f k f f wJ/ h 'g..avmuBuD;rSm trsm;BuD;&Sdyg w,f/ olu avmuGwfvkyfwm bmeJYvkyfwkef; qd&if twdweYJ avmuGwvyw,f? tem*wfeYJ k f f k f avmuGwvyw,f? qdygpd..tdrwpftrom; f k f k Yk f d f G w,f? ]][m..oli,fcsi;f uGm rif;aemufusvuf kd wm? raeYuvm&if ightdrfrSm Muufom;[if; csufxm;wm/ tckawmh csOf&nf[if;yJ &Sdawmh w,f}} csufrcsufawmhrodbl;/ raeYuawmh tdrfrSm Muufom;[if;? tJ'gudk [dkvlu rpm;& bl;. rpm;& 0cref;yJ/ a[m..raeYu[meJY {nhfcHvTwfvkdufwmyJ/ wpfcgw&H [dk rESpfueJY {nhfcHvkduf w,f/ ]][dkrESpfu igpD;yGm;jzpfwkef;u rif;u rvmbl;uGm? rif;udigarQmvuwm rif;rvmbl;? k f dk f tckawmh igvJ 'kua&mufaew,fu}G } a[m.. ray;&bl;av/ 'gayr,hf [dkvlu 0rf;omoGm;w,f/ aMomf..'Daumif ihgtay: apwem&Sdom;yJvdkY

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/ wke;f qdv&&if yGvrf;obif oGm;Munh&atmif k Ykd Sd J f qd k & if ac:&if v k d u f w ,f / aemuf w pf c k u bmwkef;qdk&if b,fae&moGm;NyD;awmh csJxdk;& atmif? ESpfvHk;xDxdk;&atmif b,foGm;NyD;awmh zJdkuf&atmifqdk&if vdkufw,f/ tJ'Dvdk udprsdK;rSm vkdufavsmwJh? tazmfjyKwJh rdwfaqGrsdK;[m ]]tyg,o[m,}} vdac:w,f/ tJ'gawGuvnf; taygif;toif; Yk rdwfaqGtppf r[kwfygbl;wJh/ 'Dyk*dKvfawGudk aygif;jcif;jzihf ysufpD;oGm;Edkifygw,fwJh/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u raygif;oif;&r,hf rdwaqGukd rdwaqGvawmif rac:bJeYJ trdw f f Ykd &efolvdkYawmif owfrSwfw,f/ bmaMumifh &efolvdkY owfrSwfvJqdk&if ysufpD;qHk;IH;zdkU&m jzpfwmudk;/ yxrawmh wpfwGJwGJaewm? [kwf oa,mif&Sdw,f? odkYaomf udk,hfb0ysufpD;zdkYyJ r[kwfvm;? tJ'grsdK;ukd ]]tyg,o[m,}} vdkY ac:w,f/ tJ'vrwqrsKd ;uvnf; avmurSm D kd d f G trsm;Bu;D ? tJ'gudk jrwfpmbk&m;u trdw&efol G vdyJ owfrww,f/ rdwaqGvYkd rowfrwb;l / Yk S f f S f at;..aygif;vkdufwJhtcgusawmh (4) rsdK; jrwfpGmbk&m;u a[mxm;w,f/ tJ'D vdk yk*dKvfrsdK;u udk,fwdkifvnf; rjzpfoifhbl;/ udk,faygif;wJhoif;wJh yk*dKvfrSmvnf; 'grsdK;udk rdwfaqGvdkY rowfrSwfoihfbl;ayhg/ avmuvlqdkwmuawmh BuHKawGUMurSmyJ/ 'gjzihfAsm..'Dvdkraygif;oif;xkdufwJh rdwfaqGawG? raygif;oifhwJhrdwfaqGawGu rsm; aew,f/ b,fvdkyk*dKvfrsdK;udk wynhfawmfwdkY aygif;&rvJqdk&if jrwfpGmbk&m;u aygif;&r,hf yk*dKvfudk a[mxm;wm&Sdw,f/ yk*dKvfrsdK;u ]]Oyum&}} aus;Zl;jyKwJhyk*dKvfrsdK;? wpfpHkwpfckab;&efBuHKvdkY udk,hfrdwfaqG udk,f aygif;wJy*Kd vwpfa,muf[m odyaMumufvefY h k f f aevdkY&Sd&ifvnf; tm;ay;pum;ajymw,f/ udp&SdvdkY&Sd&ifvnf; 0dkif;ulNyD;awmh aqmif&uw,f/ aiGaMu;"evdwmupNy;D awmh G f k ulnDaxmufyHhay;w,f/ tJ'DvdkrdwfaqGrsdK;us awmh ]]Oyum&rdwfaqG}} rdwfaqGppfygwJh/ 'g avmuBuD;yGm;a&;twGuf tJ'Dvdk yk*Kd vrsKd ;udk aygif;oif;&r,fw/ aemufrwaqG f hJ d f wpfcku bmwkef;qdk&if (2) ]]ormeokc}}/ okcormeqdkawmh wlnDaom okc 'ku-csrf;om? qif;&J? csrf;omvnf;twlwlyJ? qif;&Jvnf; twlwlyJaemf/ tJ'DvdkwlnDwJh pdwxm;&SdwhJ rdwaqG? at;..tckacwfajymMu f f w,frvm; ]]at;twl? yltrQ}} csr;f om&ifvnf; Ykd wdkYtwlwlyJ? qif;&Jvnf; wdkYtwlwlyJ? rcGJrcGm wpf O D ; ud k w pf O D ; tusd K ;jyKNyD ; awmh a eMuwJ h rdwfaqGrsdK;udk ]]orme'kuokc}} vdkYac:w,f/ tJ'rwaqGrsKd ;u ud,&UJ vQKd U0Sucsuuvnf;yJ D d f k fh f f kd tJ'Dyk*dKvfrsdK;udkajymw,f/ wpfcgwpfav vQdKU0Sufcsufqdkwm vlu EIwfxJu xkwfajym&vdkY&Sd&if raeEdkif avmufatmifjzpfw,f/ tJ'Dawmh xkwfajym& rSmqd&if tJ'vkd rdwaqGrsKd ;rS ajymoihw,fayhg/ k D f f olY&JUvQdKU0SufcsufusawmhvJ vQdKU0SufNyD;awmh ay;w,fwJh? tjyifudk raygufMum;atmif xdef; ay;w,fayhg/ 'kuBuHKvmvdkY&Sd&ifvnf; pGefYNyD;awmh roGm;bl;wJh? ckeu 0uf0HBuD;u rSmoGm;wJh yHkvdk ayhg/ tJ'Dvdk vlrsdK;raygif;eJYwJhqdkwmrsdK; 'ku BuHKvm&if pGefYypfoGm;wJh yk*dKvfrsdK;rjzpf&bl;wJh/ aemuf..udpawGUvmvdkY&Sd&if udk,f udk,fwdkifu toufpGefYNyD;awmh umuG,fay; w,f? tJ'rwaqGrsKd ;uawmh ]]ormeokc'ku} } D d f rdwfaqGrsdK;vdkYac:w,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif ud,awmfjrwfay:rSm t&SitmeEm[m nDtpfukd k f f vnf; jzpfw,f/ tifrwefrS bk&m;ay:rSm oHa,mZOfBuD;w,f/ tm;vH k ; Mum;zl ; Muygvd r h f r ,f / a'0'wf&UJ tpDtrHt& tZmwowfrif;Bu;D u emVm*D&dqdkwJhqifqdk;BuD;udk t&ufawGwdkufNyD; bk&m;qGr;f cH0ifvmwJh vrf;Mum;rSm armif;vTwf vkuwm/ bk&m;eJoCmawGvnf; <uvmw,f/ d f Y H qifBuD;uvnf; ESmarmif;BuD;ajrmufNyD; atmf [pfNyD; tNrD;BuD;ukyfNyD;awmh ajy;vmw,f/ ola&SUrSmawGUwJy*Kd vuawmh rouf Y h k f ombl;/ tJ'tcserm t&SitmeEmrax&fjrwf D d f S f

17

aygif ; oif ; &r,h f rd w f a qG a umif ; rsm;

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[m bk&m;aemufuaeygvmwm/ bk&m;udk xdrSmpdk;vdkY oludk,fwdkifa&SUuaeNyD;awmh ajy; wufvuw,f/ oltoufpewmyJ? tJ'tcsef dk f Y G Yf D d rSmqdk b,favmufta&;BuD;wJh tcsdefvJaemf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u teD;a&mufvmNyD; tJ'Dtcsdef rSm t&SiftmeEu olYyJqifqdk;BuD;xkd;ygapqdk Ny;D awmh oltoufukd pGeNYf y;D bk&m;a&SUu 0if&yf Y w,f/ tJ'DrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]r[kwfbl; tmeEm}} ajymvJr&bl;/ ola&SUuae twif;&yf Y w,f/ aemufrS jrwfpGmbk&m;u wefcdk;awmfeJY y,fvkduf&w,f/ t&SiftmeEmudk z,fckdif;vdkY r&bl;aemf/ bmwkef;qdk&if 'g..'kuBuHKvmvdkY &Sd&if toufpGefYwm pdwf"mwfudku toufpGefY wm bk&m;udawmh rxdap&bl;/ igumuG,r,f k f qdkNyD;awmh toufpGefYwm tJ'Dvdkyk*dKvfrsdK;u ]]ormeokc'ku}} rdwfaqGppfvdkY ac:ygw,f wJ/ rdwaqGppfvac:w,f? toufpew,faygh/ h f Ykd G Yf aemuf rdwfaqGwpfOD;u bmwkef;qdk &if (1) ]]twum,D}} tusdK;pD;yGm;udk a[m ajymjywwfwhJ rdwaqG q&morm;vdk rdwaumif; f f aqGaumif;/ tJ'y*Kd vusawmh ud,&UJ rdwaqG D k f k fh f wpfa,muf[m raumif;wmvkyfaevdkY&Sd&if ]]rvkyfeJY}} wm;w,f/ r&&atmif wm;w,f/ aumif;wmvkyfzdkYtwGufvnf; olu tm;ay; wkuwe;f w,f/ d f G rd w f a umif ; aqG a umif ; C#d u m&td k ; xd e f ; onf twum,DrwaqGae&mrSm C#dum& d f okwfxJu C#dum&qdkwJh tdk;xdef;onfBuD;eJY aZmwdygvvdac:wJh aA'usr;f *efwwfwhJ ynm Yk wwfykPm;? tJ'DaA'usrf;*efwwfwJh aZmwdyg vqdwhJ trsKd ;om;eJY C#dum&vdac:wJh td;k xde;f k Yk onfBuD;wdkYu rdwfaqGjzpfaeMuwm? tifrwef rS &if;ESD;w,f/ C#dum&qdkwmu uyjrwfpGm bk&m;&JU OygoumBu;D ? olu tem*grf/ tm;vH;k Mum;zl;Muvdrhfr,f/ tJ'Dtem*grfC#dum&BuD; uyJ bk&m;avmif;awmxGuwtcg olu jA[m f hJ jynfa&mufaeNyDav/ jA[mhjynfa&mufawmh jrwfpGmbk&m; avmif; awmxGufwJhtcg bk&m;avmif;udk MumouFe;f eJY vmuyfw,fqrvm;/ MumouFe;f kd Ykd qdkwm uaeYacwfawmh Mumdk;udkrQifNyD;awmh &ufxm;wmudk MumouFef;vdkYac:wm/ bk&m; vmuyfwMhJ umouFe;f u Mumd;k ud&ufxm;w,f k vdkY rqdkbl;/ urmOD;u Mumzl;BuD;ig;ck urmjyKa&

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

18

"r0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ w,f/ ]]'erlvdum}} o'gtodudk tajc cHwJh o'gw&m; ]]aomwmywdr*f}} vdkYac: w,f/ todPfudk tajccHwJho'gw&m;rsdK; wnfaqmufxm;rS NrJw,f? EdkYrdkYqdk rNrJbl;/ Munh..bk&m;tavmif;[m uy f bk&m;yGihfNyD;&if yGihfr,hfbk&m;tavmif;aemf/ bk&m;ausmif;udac:awmh bmajymwke;f ? rvduf k k csiygbl;wJ/ ]]'DuwH;k awGqu?kd 'Dv}kd } ajymw,f/ f h D tJ ' D a wmh ol i ,f c sif ; vk y f w J h o l u awmfw,f/ 'gjzihf oli,fcsif; ausmif;roGm;bl; qdk&if wdkY 'Dem;ujrpfudkoGm;NyD; a&csdK;&atmif qdkawmh tvG,fwulvkdufoGm;w,f/ tckacwfvnf; 'DvdkyJ? pm;aomuf qkiom;&atmifqkd vkur,f? a*gufo;D oGm;duf d f G d f k &atmif q d k v nf ; vG , f v G , f u l u l y J a emf ? vufzuf&nfqiom;&atmifq&ifaum rvkuf kd f G kd d bl;vm;/ at;..w&m;yGom;&atmif? ausmif; J G oGm;&atmifq&if rtm;ao;bl;? tvkyrtm; kd f ao;vdkY 'DaeY'DvdkawGaum rawGU&bl;vm;? awGU&w,f? tjypfajymp&mr[kwfbl;/ 'g..bmjzpfvdkYwkef;qdk&if ow0g awG&JU pdwfxJudku 'Dvdk&Sdwm? tJ'Dawmh 'Dvdk&Sd wmudk wcsdKUtxifao;w,f/ wdkYu yg&rDEkae ao;vdkY aemifyg&rD&ihfvm&if jzpfvdrhfr,fvdkY 'Dvxifwm/ kd rjzpfbl;? b,fawmhrSvnf; &ifhvm rSm r[kwfbl;? tckxJu ravhusihfvdkY&Sd&if b,fawmhrS &ihfvmrSmr[kwfbl;/ ajymMuw,f rdkYvm;? reufjzefqdk&if odyfaemufusoGm;NyD;? Tommorow will be to late. qdkwm tJ'Dawmh aemufb0qdk&if odyfaemufusoGm;NyD/ 'DtajctaersdK; udk,f&csifrS&rSm/ 'D tajctaeaumif;av;rSm ud,vycsiwmav;? k f k f f yDyDjyifjyifjzpfatmif tcdkiftrmjzpfatmif wnfaqmufxm;zdkY rvdktyfbl;vm;../ omoemawmfeJYvnf; BuHKawGUae w,f/ bk&m;w&m;awGvnf; em,lci&aew,f/ G hf tJ'Dtcsdefav;rSm [dkudp 'DudptaMumif;jyNyD; rvkyrb;l qd&if 'Db0a0;wmxuf aemifb0Mu f d k &if yda0;oGm;rSm/ eD;vmr,fvawmh ratmufarh k Ykd aveJY? a0;oGm;zdkYyJ&Sdw,f/ bk&m;avmif;&ihfrm BuD;awmif bk&m;ausmif;ac:vdkY r&bl;aemf/ tJ'geJY oli,fcsi;f qdwm aumif;wJbufukd r&& k h atmifac:w,f/ olu uJ..a&csKd ;oGm;&atmif qdkawmh vdkufw,f/ tJ'Dusawmh vG,fvG,ful ul a&oGm;csdK;w,f/ a&ygcsKd ;Ny;D wJtcgusawmh jrpfqyu h d f aewufvmw,f/ wufwtcgusawmh C#dum hJ &u ajymjyefw,f/ ]]oli,fcsif;aZmwdygv a[m'Dr,f bk&m;ausmif;/ 'Dem;av;r,f eD;eD; av;? wdom;&atmif vducyg?}} ]]tm..bmvdYk Yk G k f hJ vku&rSmvJ rvkub;l }} qdawmh [dvu aemuf d f d f k k l xyf xyfajymw,f/ ]]r[kwygbl;}}? oli,fcsi;f &m..bk&m; f ausmif;oGm;&atmifyg? vkucygqdawmh rvkuf d f hJ k d bl;/ rif;rvkdufvdkYr&bl;qdkNyD;awmh ykqdk;pudk qGJudkifw,f/ tJ'Dusawmh tJ'gvnf; [dkvlu vufudkwGef;NyD;awmh ykqdk;pudkqGJkef;w,f/ rvkdufbl;wJh? aemufwpfcg xyfac:w,f/ xyfac:wJtcgusawmh C#dum&td;k xde;f onf h Bu;D u cGetm;Avtifrwefaumif;wm? aZmwd f ygv&JU qHx;kH udqNJG y;D awmh oli,fcsi;f rif;vkuf k d rSmvm; rvdkufbl;vm;? qHyif qGJac:awmhwm/ tJ'Dvdk qGJac:wJhtcgusawmh [dkvluvm;? bk&m;tavmif;qdkawmh pdwf"mwftifrwef aumif;w,f/ bk&m;tavmif;awGu pdwr,kwrm f f bl;/ txiftjrifav;awmh olwrm;csif rSm;ae Ykd S vdrr,f/ pdw,wrmawGr&Sb;l / tawG;vnf; fh f k f d rvGJwwfbl;/ tJ'g bk&m;tavmif;awG&JU pGr;f tifowy/ qHyifqGJac:wJhtcgusawmh d J usefwJhvlqdk&if &efjzpfr,frdkYvm;? rif; ihgqHyif qG&rvm;? apmfum;vScsnvm;qdNk y;D tJ'ae&m J f D rSmwifyJ &efyGJjzpfawmhrSm/ ol u b,f v d k p Of ; pm;vJ q d k a wmh atmf...td;k xde;f onfqwm jA[PawGepm&if dk YJ tifrwefZmwfu edrhfw,fayhg/ tdEd,rSmu 'g..ZmwfedrhfvdkYac:w,f/ Zmwfedrfhqdk&if xd awmifrxd&Jbl;/ tckvdk qHyifudkifzdkYqdkwm tifrwefta0;BuD;? tJ'Dawmh olYpdwfxJrSm b,fvdkawG;wkef;qdk&if atmf..ihgqHyifqGJac: w,fqdkawmh wu,hfudk tusdK;&SdvdkY jzpfvdrhf r,f/ a[m.. olawG;yHku tJ'DvdkawG;wm rS e f u ef w J h tawG ; / igh o l i ,f c sif ; u ih g ud k 'Davmufxdatmif ighqHyifawmif qGJac:w,f qdkwm[m omrefawmhr[kwfbl;/ wu,f tusdK;&SdvdkY jzpfvdrhfr,f/ ]]oli,fcsif; rif; ighqHyifrqGJeJY? vTwf../ igvkdufr,f/}} a[m..vkuom;w,f? bk&m;qDvnf; d f G a&mufa&m..bk&m;u w&m;a[mwm? uy jrwfpGmbk&m;u w&m;a[mvkdufwJhtcgus awmh PftifrwefxufwJhyk*dKvfqdkawmh wpfcgwnf;oabmaygufom;w,f/ aygufom; G G wm tdrukd rjyefawmhb;l / bk&m;qDu qif;vm f

jyifBuD;ay:rSm aygufvmwJhMumzl;BuD;ig;ck? tJ'D Mumzl;BuD;ig;ckxJu wpfzl;zl;rSm y#du&m (8) yg;pD ygw,f/ bk&m;ig;qlyGihfr,fqdkwJh txdrf; trSwf? tJ'DMumzl;xJu y&du&m (8) yg;udk ,lNyD;awmh jA[mhjynfrSm odrf;xm;wm/ tJ'gudk vmuyfwmaemf/ tJ'gudk MumouFe;f vdac:wm? Yk Mumdk;udkrQifNyD;awmh &ufxm;wJh ouFef;r[kwf bl;/ uaeYacwfrmqd&if MumouFe;f qdNk y;D S k awmh (10) odef;? (15) odef;avmuf&Sdvm; rod ygbl;? &Sw,f/ MumouFe;f qdNk y;D awmh rGerejf rwf d f G jrwf vkyfMuwm bmvkyfMuwkef;qdk&if ckeu Mumdk;awGu &ufNyD;awmhvkyfwm MumouFef;/ at;..jrwfpGmbk&m;avmif;udkuyf wJh MumouFe;f uawmh Mumzl;xJu&wJh ouFe;f ? tJ ' D M umouF e f ; vmuyf w J h C#d u m&qd k w m uyjrwfpGmbk&m;yGihfwJhtcsdefrSm a*gwr jrwfpGmbk&m;tavmif;u aZmwdygvqdkwJh ynmwwfjA[mPjzpfw,f/ C#dum&jA[mBuD;u tJ'Dwkef;u C#dum&vdqwhJ td;k vky?f td;k zkwNf y;D toufarG; Yk kd wm? td;k xde;f onfvac:w,f? td;k zkworm;ayhg/ Ykd f td;k vkyNf y;D toufarG;wm awmfawmf &if;ESD;wJh oli,fcsif;jzpfawmh C#dum&u aZmwdygvudk ac:w,f/ oli,fcsi;f aZmwdygv bk&m;ausmif;awmfoGm;&atmif? bk&m;ausmif; u eD;eD;av;yJ? bk&m;ausmif;oGm;Ny;D bk&m;qDrm S w&m;em&atmifac:wm? aZmwdygvu bm ajymwke;f qd&if [m..oli,fcsi;f 'DyPm;uwH;k k k awGqDrSm oGm;vdkY bm&rSmwkef;wJh/ bk&m;qDoGm;zdkYac:w,f/ [dkvlu rvkdufbl;? tJ'gudk pOf;pm;Munhf/ tJ'DrvkdufwJh olu b,folwkef;qdk&if a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m; tavmif;? tJ'tcsewe;f u aZmwdygvqdwhJ D d f k k ykPm;u bmjzpfvdkY bk&m;eJYa0;ae&wmwkef;? oludk,fwdkif bk&m;jzpfr,hfyk*dKvfjzpf&JUom;eJY bmvd k Y a 0;aewk e f ; ? avmavmq,f o l Y & J U ywf 0 ef ; usif u bk & m;w&m;rMunf n d K wJ h trsdK;rSm jzpfaewmudk;? 'gvnf; owdxm; &r,f a emf / wpf c gwpf & H ud k , f u d k , f w d k i f u rd;kd zvm rdaumif;zcif om;orD;jzpfvYkd o'g w&m;txk d u f t oih f &S d a ewmud k txif rwnf rBuD ; aveJ Y / 'D b 0rS m tck d i f t rm rw nf aqmufbl;qdk&if aemufb0rSm vG,fvG,f ululeJY 'Dpdwful;av; ajymif;vJoGm;rSm/ tJ'gaMumifrvYkd omoemawmfeYJ BuKH h Ykd awGUwJtcseav;rSm 'Dreuefwpw"mwfuav; h d f S f hJ d f awGudk cdkifcdkifrmrm wnfaqmufxm;zdkY vdktyf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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19

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THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

20

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(edAme'DyeD)
(,cif t ywf r S t quf )
tcsdKUaom #Dumq&mwdkYvnf; xdkodkYaom udavomwdkY\ tjzpfNidrf;rI? cEmwdkY\ tjzpfNidrf;rIudk edAmef[l rqdkvdkMuukef/ xdktjzpfNidrf;rItm; aus;Zl;jyKwnfaeaom wpfrsdK;aom "mwf obm0BuD;onf toD;tjcm;&Sd\/ xdk"mwfobm0BuD;onfom *r&? 'k'otp&Saom teE*PEijfh ynhpaom edAmefBu;D tppfaywnf;/ D d k f S f kH jyqdkcJhNyD;aom tjzpfNidrf;rIonfum; xdkedAmefBuD;\ tusdK;qufrQom wnf;[k t,l&SdMuukef\/ q&mwd\t,lonf 'kw,u@ xkwjf ycJNh y;D aom ygVdawmf Yk d vm Oyrmt&yf&yfEifh rnDav/ udavomw&m; cEmw&m;wdrnfonf S Yk twkr&Sd? tvGefBuD;us,fvSaom 'kutpk? ab;tpkwdkYomwnf;/ udavo'ku? cE'ku BuD;us,forQonf xdkudavomcEmwdkY\ tjzpf Nidrf;rI *kPfusufoa&BuD;us,fzdkYcsnf;omwnf;/ ow0gwd\oEmefrm&Saeaom avmb (1) ck\ tusKd ;rJ?h Yk S d tusKd ;,kw?f 'kue,fBu;D onf tb,frQavmuf Bu;D us,onf[k ajrmfEif f kd ygvQif xdavmb (1) ck\ uRwvwr?I csKyNf ir;f rIonf tb,frQavmuf k f G f d tusdK;BuD;jrwfonf[k ajrmfEdkif&monf/ a'go (1) ck\ tusdK;rJh tusdK; ,kwf? 'kue,fBuD;? arm[ (1) ck\ tusdK;rJh? tusdK;,kwf? 'kue,fBuD;? 'd|d 1 ck\ tusKd ;rJ?h tusKd ;,kw?f 'kue,fBu;D ponfjzihf 1500 udavom wdkYudk toD;toD; wpfckpD? wpfckpD xkwfajrmfav/ xif;rD;pmonf rD;\yGm;pD;&m tpmt[m&jzpf\odkY? tvHk;pHk aom awbkruky?f emrfcEm[lorQwonf xdk 1500 udavomrD;wd\ Ykd Yk yGm;pD;&m tpmtm[m&awGomjzpfukef\/ vwfwavm aoapwwfaom tqdyap;wdEifh udavomwdYk f Yk S onf wlue\/ tqdyyifBu;D wdEifh xdawbkrucEmwdonf wlue\/ k f f Yk S k Yk k f tqdyfyifBuD;wdkYonf tqdyfap;wdkY\ yGm;pD;&mjzpfukefouJhodkY? xdk awbkrucEmwdonf udavomwd\ yGm;pD;&mjzpfue\/ cyfor;f aom Yk Yk k f d ab;b,wdkY\ yGm;pD;&mjzpfukef\/ xdkYaMumifh avmuDpdwf (81) ckwdkY wGif wpfckwpfckaompdwfrSm yGm;pD;aom udavomaygif; tusdK;rJh tusKd ; ,kwf 'kuaygif;tb,frQBu;D us,&nvsm;onf[k ajrmfEiygvQif f S f kd f

(Nibbana Di pani = T

(Continue from last week) Some sub-commentators also do not mean to say that that cessaion-appeasement of defilements, the cessationappeasement of khandha is nibbana. They take the view: "There is a particular (specific) kind of natural element which conduces that cessaion-appeasement; only that great natural element is really mahanibbana which is full or infinite quality such as authentic, hard to see, etc.,. The cessation-appeasement is merely the resultant of that nibbana." The teachers' view does not agree with the examples from the pali text shown in the second chapter. The defilements, . and khandhas are incomparable; they are a mass of very grave dukkha-sufferings and dangers only. Grave as the defilement sufferings, khandha sufferings, great is the glory in the cessationappeasement of those defilements and of those khandhas. If you can expect how much grave is the ill consequence, the dukkha sufferings state of the greed present in the beings, you can expect how much great will be the relese, the cessationappeasement of greed. Please expect the ill-consequence, the dukkha-suffering state of the hatred. Please et the ill-consequence, the dukkha-suffering state of the delusion; the ill-consequence, the dukkha-suffering state of dit.t.hi wrong view, etc.,. 1500 defilements respectively. Just as the faggot is the fuel for fire, all the tebhummaka rupa-nama, materialities and mentalities are merely fuel for the fires of 1500 defilements. The deadly poisonous juice is similar to the defilements. The big poisonous trees are similar to the tebhummaka kandhas of three stages of beings. Just as the big poisonous trees are the places for developing poisonous juice, just so the tebhummaka khandhas of the tree stages of beings are the places for developing defilements, for developing all dangers. If you can expect how much grave is the ill-consequence of defilements, dukkhasufferings developed in each of 81 lokiya mundance cittaconsciousness, you will be able to expect how much great is the happiness of the release, cessation-appeasement of each cittaconsciousness. [The remaining rupa-nama, too, should be understood in the same way] -va bhava, abha The appearing or the presence of sankhata, the

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

"r0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urmausmf

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

mma on Nibba na
by

efw&m;awmfrsm;

A LEDI SAYADAW
xdk wpfckwpfckaom pdwf\uRwfvGwfcsKyfNidrf;rIonf tb,frQavmuf aumif;usdK;csrf;omBuD;jrwfonf[k ajrmfEdkif&monf/ (<uif;aomkyfemrfw&m;wdkYvnf; enf;twlodav/) tbm0/ / ocFww&m;wdkY\ jzpfrI&SdrIum; bm0wnf;/ bm0 tbm0 rjzpfrI? r&SdrIum; tbm0wnf;/ 1500 udavomw&m;wdkYrSm jzpfrI&SdrI [laom bm0yuonf tusdK;rJhtusdK;,kwf 'kue,fBuD;jzpf\/ rjzpfrI r&S d r I [ l a om tbm0yu o nf usuf o a&r*F v mBuD ; vS p G m aom okce,fBu;D jzpf\/ tbm0[l rxDrjhJ rifrrSwtyf? Bu;D us,vpmaom f f S G ab;BuD;&efBuD; tE&m,fBuD;wdkY\ vGwfuif;jcif; tbm0rnfonf BuD;us,fvSpGmaom okcr*FvmBuD;jzpf\/ k Yk d bm0yif / / tbm0qdaomfvnf; udavomcEmwd\ r&SrI udk &nf tbm0qdk&onf/ a&S; jyqdkcJhNyD;aomtwdkif; tocFw y&rw"rtaetm;jzihfrlum; xif&Sm;{uef&Sddk;rSefaom bm0yifwnf;/ tu,f xdkbm0onf r&SdcJhonfjzpftHh? avmu (3) yg; bk&m;? yapuAk'g? t&d,m[l r&Sd&mNyD/ vlYcsrf;om ewfcsrf;om jA[mh csrf;omrnfonf udavomwif;vif;? Z&mab;wif;vif;? r&Pab; wif;vif;? tyg,fab;wif;vif; xufMuyfyg&Sdae\/ &&Sdaeaom vlYcsrf;omonf rMumrDuG,fy tbm0odkYa&muf tyg,fi&JrSm qif;&J BuD; yifv,fa0ESihf cHae&av\/ xdkYtwl &&Sdaeaom ewfcsrf;omonf rMumrDuG,fy tbm0 odkY a&muf tyg,fi&JrSm qif;&JBuD;yifv,fa0ESihf cHae& av\/ &&Sd aeaom jA[mhcsrf;omonf rMumrDuG,fytbm0odkY a&muf tyg,fi&J rSm qif;&JBuD;yifv,fa0ESihf cHae&\/ odkYvQif awbkru okconf bm0okc[k qdk&aomfvnf; tedp"rjzpf cPcsif; cPcsif;uG,fyaom tbm0jy|mef;vsuf rsufvSnhfonf jyaom0wKuJhodkYom jzpf\/ bm0trS e f / / oEdbm0wpfyg;onfomvQif edpxm0& jzpfaom bm0rSejf zpf\/ oEbm0onf b,ftcg azmufjyef csKyNf ir;f d d rI uG,yaomtbm0odYk a&mufjyefojzihf udavo'kuj zpfay: vmjyef f NyD? cE'kujzpfay: vmjyefNyD[k r&SdNyD/ rQaompum;&yfwdkYjzihf 'kwd,u@ xkwfjycJhaom ygVd
conditioned dhammas is bhava; wheras the non-appearing or the absence is abhava. The appearing or the presence of 1500 defilements, 'bhavakkha' (= on the side of existence) is the state of vain, dukkha-sufferings. The non-appearing or the absence, abhavapakkha (= on the side of non-existence) is the state of glorious, bleassed, great happiness. Never think lowly of the abhava. The abhava, the release from so grave dangers, enemies and catastrophes is the great happiness blessing. Merely bhava Even though it is called abhava in the sense of the absence of defilements and khandhas, yet it is indeed the bhava . prominent in the nature of sasnkhata paramattha dhamma, the unconditioned ultimate. If there were no bhava there would not be in the three worlds the buddha, paccekabuddhas and ariyas the noble ones. The happiness of human beings, the happiness of devas and the happiness of brahmas are followed by the defilements, the danger of old age, the danger of deathe, the danger of apaya, the woeful course of existence. The happiness of human beings in then would soon disappear and become abhava absence and would be sufferings gravely in the apayaniraya hell. In the same way the happiness of devas in them would soon disappear and become abhava absence and would be suffering gravely in the apayaniraya hell. The happiness of brahmas in them would soon disappear and become abhava absence and would be suffering gravely in the apayaniraya hell. Thus, even though tebhummaka sukha, the happiness of the three worlds is called bhavasukha, being anicca dhammas impermanence, it instantly disappears and becomes abahva absence just as the only magic shown by a magician. Real bhava The only santibhava is eternal, permanent, real bhava. -va will change and the There is no such thing that the santibbha cessation-appeasement will disappear, become abhava, and the defilements dukkha-sufferings will reappear and the khandhadukkha sufferings will reappear. Thus, so far with the explanations, in accordance with many pali concerpts shown in the second chapter, the cessation. appeasement of kilesa-defilement and khandhas is nibbana. There is nothing more to find out better than that cessationappeasement. Even though you try to find out, there wouldn't be any other happiness that excells the great santisukha peaceful

pani = The Manual of Nibbana)

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

22

"r0D&onf oEdokcodkY a&S;Ijy|mef;onf/

happiness that excells the great santisukha peaceful happiness, the cessation-appeasement of the grave anamatagga vat t adukkha-sufferings. .. There is not any other santisukha s1talasukha, peaceful happiness better than the cessation-appeasement of dukkhasufferingsthus this meaning is shown. Example. Those who are striken with and oppressed by smallpox all over the body can be free from that disease only when that disease, the part of their body ceases, appeases and disappears. Therefore, the refuge for them is the only cessationappeasement of apart of their body; there is no refuge other than this. The real dhamma that can save them from that suffering is the only cessation- appeasement of that disease; there is no other real dhamma that can save them other than this. Therefore the real refuge for them is the only cessation-appeasement of that disease; there is no refuge other than this. The dhamma that is free from that danger of their dukkha- suffering is the only cessation-appeasement of that disease. Therefore, the dhamma for them to take shelter, to rely on, to take-refuge, to depend on is merely the cessationappeasement of that disease. Thus, for those who are suffering from the danger of disease, the abhava, the cessation-appeasement of that disease. Thus, for those who are suffering from the danger of disease, the abhava, the cessation appeasement of the disease. Thus, For Those Who are Suffering From ganger of disease, The abhava, the cessation appeasement of the diseace is . d1pam = Similar to the great island natho = is the refuge patittho = is to confide tanam = is the shelter gati . = to stand on , to exist parayam = to rely on

awmft&yf&yfwi;f udavomcEmwd\ tjzpfNir;f rIonfyif edAmefjzpf\/ dk Yk d xdktjzpfNidrf;rIrQudk vGef tom;xkwfzG,f? tpGef;xkwfzG,fr&SdNyD? xkwf aomfvnf; terw*Bu;D us,vaom 0#f'ucsKyNf ir;f rI[aom oEoc f S k d l d k BuD;xuf ydkrdkvGefuJaom okc[l r&SdNyD? 0#f'kuwdkY\csKyfNidrf;rI[laom at;Nidrf;jcif;? at;csrf;jcif;? at;jrjcif;xuf ydkrdkvGefuJaom oEdokc? oDwvokc[l r&SdNyD[laomteufudk jyqdkonf/ Oyrm/ / wpfudk,fvHk; ausmufqdk;a&m*g jzpfyGm;ESdyfpufaeaom olwdkYonf xdka&m*g[laom rdrdudk,fcEmwpfpdwf csKyfNidrf;uG,faysmufrI odkY a&mufukefrSomvQif xdka&m*g'kurS vGwfEdkifukef\/ xdkYaMumifh xdkol wdkY\ udk;uG,f&mum; a&m*g[laom rdrdudk,fcEmwpfpdwf\ csKyfNidrf;rI onfomvQifwnf;/ onfrSwpfyg; udk;uG,f&mr&SdNyD/ xdkolwdkYudk xdk'kurS u,fq,fEdkifaom w&m;tppfum; xdka&m*g\ csKyfNidrf;jcif; (1) ckomwnf;/ xdkrSwpfyg; u,fq,fEdkifaom w&m;tppfr&Sd? xdkYaMumifh xdkolwdkY\ ukd;uG,f&mtppfum; xdka&m*g\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;omwnf;/ onfrSwpfyg; udk;uG,f&mr&SdNyD/ xdkolwdkY\ xdk'kuab;rS vGwfuif;&mw&m;um; xdka&m*g\ csKyNf ir;f rI (1) ckomwnf;/ xdaMumifh xdow\ yke;f atmif;&m? vJavsmif; d Yk k l Ykd &m? tm;xm;&m? rSDcdk&mw&m;um; xdka&m*g\ aysmufNidrf;rIomwnf;/ odvQif a&m*g\csKyNf ir;f rI[aom tbm0onf a&m*gab; Yk d l oifhaom olwdkY\/ 'DyH? rSDcdk&muRef;BuD;ozG,f jzpfay\/ emaxm? udk;uG,f&mjzpfay\/ ywda|m? tm;xm;&mjzpfay\/ wmPH? u,fwif &mjzpfay\/ avPH? ykef;atmif;&mjzpfay\/ *wd? axmuf&m wnf&m jpzfay\/ y&m,eH? vJavsmif;&mjzpfay\/ tbm0om tm;xm;&m/ / xdkYtwl rdrdoEmefjzpfaeaom cEm 5 yg;? kyf emrfw&m;pkonf ]]yuaE tedpawm? 'kuawm? a&m*awm? *@awm? ovawm? tCawm? tmAm"awm}} [l a[mawmfrlonf ESitnD temqd;k ? a&m*gqd;k rnf\/ udavom[laom ief;ref;xefvpm hf S G aom cEm (5) yg;[laom a&m*gab;? temab;oihfaeukefaom olwtm; rdroEmef jzpfaeukeaom xduavomcEmwd\ csKyNf ir;f Ykd d f k d Yk d rI[laom tbm0onf tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKaomtm;jzihf axmuf&m? wnf&m? rSDcdk&m? ykef;atmif;&m? vJavsmif;&m pifppfjzpfayownf;/ (um; udavomcEmwnf;[laom Bu;D us,vpmaom 'ku f S G ab;BuD;\tjzpfNidrf;jcif;[laom tbm0udkyif oEdtaetm;jzihf {uE bm0? edpbm0? "k0bm0? xm0&bm0? opbm0 edAmeftppfjzpf\[k ,laom igwdkYtvdkudk jyqdkcsufwnf;/) rPd ' D y usrf ; q &mum;/ / &[Emyk*Kd vonf cEy&deAmefrpHrumv q&mum;/ f d D vnf; cE'kuw&m; xif&Sm;&SdaeaomaMumifh edAmefodkYa&mufonf/ edAmefudk&onf[k rqdkEdkifao;/ cEmcsKyfNyD;aom aemufvnf; t<uif; tusefr&Sd csKyfav edAmefodkYa&mufonf/ edAmefudk&onf[kajymqdk&ef tcGifhr&SdNyD/ xdkYaMumifh edAmefodkYa&mufonf[laompum; Pfjzihf tmHkjyKonfudkyif ta&mufqdk&onf/ tmHkjyKrIrSwpfyg;ta&muf[l r&SdNyD[k qdkawmfrlonf/ (roifh/) cEy&deAmefonf rpHrumvyif rdroEmefrm tpOfyg&Sae d D d S d aom udavomwd\ rdroEmefrmyif csKyNf ir;f rI[aom udavomedAmef Yk d S d l odkY um,opdud&d,udptm;jzihf {uEa&muf\/ &\? cEy&dedAmef pHaomtcgvnf; cEm (5) yg;wdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rI[laom cEy&dedAmefodkY {uefqdkuf\/ a&muf\? &\rSwf/ a&S;vnf; jyqdkcJhvSNyD/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

The only abbava is the refuge

- Similarly, the khandha, rupa nama, materiality mentalities. in accordance with the words of the Buddha: ''pancakkhandhe - aniccato, dukkhato, ragato, sallato, aghato, abudhatu," which are appearing in their bodies, are serious disease, serious, illness, high fever of khandhas; the cessation-appeasement of those defiement and khandhas, abhava is indeed entrusted as the dhamma to stand on to exist, to depend on, to take shelter, to rely on. [This is our view showing that the abhava, the cessationappeasement of the grave danger of sufferings, defilements and khandhas, in the nature of santi-appeasement is (ekantabhava, niccabhava, duvabhava, thavarabhava, saccabhava) the real bha va, permanent bhava, firm bhava, eternal bhava, true bhava the ultimate nibbana.] whereas the author of manidipa says that before the attainment of khandha parinibbana, too. as the khandhadukkha suffering is vividly present in him. the arahatta-puggala cannot yet be said that he has already attained nibbana. And also after the cesssation of khandha, as it has already ceased without remaining anything, he cannot claim that he has alrady attained to or attained to nibbana. Therefore, by the word ''attrained to nibbana'' mere objectifying with knowledge is meant. There is no other attainment apart from obhecifying. That is what the author means to say. [That is not proper] Also before the attainment of khandha parinibbana, the arahat has certainly attained by way of experiencing, (Ka yasacchikiriya kicca) to the kilesa nibbana, the cessationappeasement of defilements which always accompanies in him. Also at the time of attaining khandha parinibbana, he certainly reaches, attains to attains khandhaparinibbana. Thus it should be noted. It has already been shown be fore, too. (To be continue)

DHAMMA TALKS
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23

udavomNidrf;jcif; taMumif;&if; w&m;awmf

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

24

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

33

uefawmhqGrf;&yfwJh udk&ifav;
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ykcufxJu om;i,feDwm&Jav;udk ]tom;wHk; Bu;D yJ} vdYk xifrwwtwGuf wpf[ex;kd ysqif; S f hJ k f H vmNyD; uav;i,fav;&SdaewJh ykcufBuD;udk r csDvdkY awmifxGufqDudk ysHoef;oGm;ygowJh/ ]jzKwfceJ} okwfoGm;wmudk ]zswfceJ} awGUoGm;wJhtaru ]a&T;ceJ} atmf[pfwm;jrpf ajcmufvSefYvkdufcsifayrJh wu,fvdkY atmf[pf ajcmufvevuoaMumihf uav;ygwJycufukd S Yf dk f H h k aumif;uifuaersm; ]zkwceJ} ypfcsvur,fqkd f dk f &if 'Dom;i,feDwm&Jav;[m tpdwfpdwftrTm rTm jzpfoGm;EdkifwmaMumihf atmfvnf;atmfcsif atmfvnf;ratmf&JwJhtjzpfeJY &ifeifhatmif cHpm;ae&&Smawmhwmyg/ 'DvdkeJY odef;pGefiSufBuD; csDoGm;wmudk vkuMf unhaeMu&if; iSuBf u;D [m awmifxwqD d f G f rSm ykcufuav;udk cPcsvuw,f/ tJ'tcsef kd f D d a&mufawmhrS vlawGu toHus,fBuD;awGeJY 0dkif;NyD; ajcmufvSefYypfvkdufawmh iSufBuD;u uav;eDwm&Jav;udypfxm;Ny;D ta0;udysxuf k k H G oGm;ygava&m/ ode;f iSuBf u;D uawmh ysxuom;ygNy/ H G f G D 'gayr,hf uav;i,fav;u awmifxyay:rSm? d f tJ'awmifxyay:udk jrihrm;rwfapmufve;f vdYk D d f f G wpfoufewpfu,f b,forS rwufcMhJ uzl;wm? YJ kd l wufp&mvnf; awmifwufvrf;rS r&Sdwm/ 'Dawmh &Gmol&mom;awGtm;vH;k u &ifbwfav; G awGzNd y;D ]uav;i,fav;&,f..jzpfrjS zpf&yav} vdkY EIwfuae pkwfwoyfoyfeJY oem;ukPm ydkaecJhMucsdefrSm taruawmh &ifuGJ&avmuf atmif cHpm;oGm;&awmhwmayhg/ tJ'veYJ ode;f pGeiuu om;i,fewm&J D kd fS f D av;udk awmifxyay:rSmcsxm;cJNh y;D ysxuom; d f H G f G wJtcg use&pfcMhJ uwJh &Gmol&mom;awGuawmh h f G jzpfrjS zpf&avuav;&,f..'Dawmifxyay:rSm d f a&mufaecJhNyDqdkrSawmh {uE om;av;&JUcEm pGe&mocsK i;f ae&mu awmifxyrm&SvyJ jzpfrm Yf d f S d Ykd S ayhg}} vdkY pdwfavsmhtm;ysufNyD; idk,dkaeMuwJh tcserm..tm;tifcseYJ idraewJh tarh&UJ vuf d f S d k hJ awGu awmifay:udk pwifzufwufvaeygNy. Ykd D &G m ol & G m om;awG t m;vH k ; uawmh rjzpfEiwuprYkd awmifay:udrwufzYkd 0di;f 0ef; kd f hJ d k k azsmif;zs em;csMuayr,hf ]om;} qdwaZmaMumihf k hJ tartd[m tonf;udk zufevyf toufuyg k YJ d kd paw;Ny;D awmifxyukd zufw,wufvmvkuf d f G f d wm jyKwfusoGm;rvdk jzpfvdkuf om;aZmeJY jyef w G , f w uf v k d u f e J Y 'D v d k e J Y y J tartd k [ m awmifxdyfudk a&mufoGm;ygava&m..wJh/ ]]awmif;qd;k yvH;k qd;k udom ypf;kd xH;k pH k

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

34

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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35

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

36

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37

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a&S;oa&mtcg? jynfAm&m? jA['wfrif; rif;jyKcg/ Ak'avmif;vsm xdkpOfu? [if;&GufpdkufysdK;a&mif;aomb0/ odMum;vdrm tjzpfudk&/ olYtrnfrSm uk'gvy@dw/ ajrudkwl;qG yifyef;pGm? Al;? zHk? ocGm; pdkufysdK;um/ cl;qGwfa&mif;&Sm toufarG;& qif;&Jyifyef;wJb0/ h ydkifqdkiforQ olYOpm? aygufwl;wpfvufrQom/ onfrSmae tvum;? aygif;wl;csum awmudkvm; &aoh&[ef;jyKoGm;/ odkYygaomfjim; olYpdwfwGif aygufwl;uav;udkyJ pGJxif/ oHa,mZOftrQiwef;? f aygufwl;uav;udkyJ pGJvef;/ awmpcef;rS jyefa&mufvm aygufwl;uav;&Sd&m/ pdkufumysdK;um ol0rf;ausmif; ,cifb0a[mif;/ tajymif;tvJrsm;vSpGm? 0ifvdkufxGufvdkuf ajcmufBudrfyg/ aemufqHk;wpfcg owr? qHk;jzwfcsufudk ydkifydkifcs/ olb,fawmhrS jyefrvm? 'Dwpfcgawmh aotcsm/ rsufpdrSdwfum tm;ukefypf aygufwl; a&xJepf/ onftjzpfudk tm;&um? ]]atmifNy}D } ]]atmifNy}D } a<u;aMumfjim? jynfAm&mrif; Mum;aomtcg/ bmatmifjrifvdkY ol&ihfMuL;? b,fvatmifyx;l / kd JG rSL;rwfrsm;udk apvTwfum? xdkyk*dKvfudk ac:ckdif;yg/ igonf ,ck&efoltm;? wdkufcdkufatmifjrifEdkifcJhwum;? Am&mrif;u t&ifajymMum;/ toifum;aum bmudk&nf atmifNy..atmifNyD [pfatmfonf/ D awm&yfrSDrnhf yk*dKvfu ,ckuJhodkY &Sif;jy/ avmuBuD; ]]atmifjcif;}} rSm? ppfyGJEdkifjcif;r[kwfyg/ odkYjzpf&m t&Sifrif;BuD;? raumif;ojzihf atmifjcif;wnf;/ atmifyGJBuD;udk &olrSm ppfppfuREfkyfyg/ udavomudk ESdyfowfeif;? wu,fhr[matmifjcif;/ odkY&Sif;jy "rrSm? bk&ifrif;jrwf wdrf;Twfyg/ udavompdwf uG,fumaysmuf? &[ef;jyKjcif;iSm pdwfa&muf/ rif;BuD;wpfa,muf wnf;rQom odkYjzpfonfr[kwfyg/ ppfonfAdkvfyg tukefvHk; udavompdwfaMujyKef;/ tm;vHk;nDGwf ajcvSrf;jyif rif;wdkYb,foGm;c&D;pOf/ b&ifrif;jrwf zGifh[ar; awm&yfrSDzdkY tajzay;/ at; aumif;pG om"kac:? igvnf;vkduftHh pdwful;ay:/ wlwlaysmfaysmf <ucsDvSrf; [dr0Emawmpcef;/ eef;&yfpGefYvTwf bk&if&mZm? &[ef;jyKzdkY a&SUI&m? rSL;rwf Adkvfyg ol<u,f ykPm; tm;vHk;vkdufygoGm;/ owif;pum; jyefYESHYjref? Am&mvlxk em;rSmvQH/ jrwfaompdwfrGef o'gyGm;? ]]olwdkYudkvnf; csefrxm;}}? rif;eJYtwl vkdufygoGm;/ odMum;rif;\ pHjref;&m? y@Kurvmjrausmufjzm/ u'gvy@dw? jrwfaom awmxGufpG/ olwifru aemufvkdufvm? Am&mrif;jrwfudk,fwkdifyg/ jynfAm&mvltm;vHk;? [dr0EmrSmpkHk;/ olwdkYtm;vHk;twGufvQif aea&;xdkifa&; cufrnfyif/ pDpOfay;&ef olTefMum;/ 0dokBuHKewfom;/ / odMum;pum; em;axmifum? 0dokBuHKewfom; vkdufem/ &aohwdkYae&m ajrwvif;? nDGwfatmifzefqif;/ 0g;wdkifpdkuf 0g;cif;yg? opf&Gufrdk; opf&Gufum/ oDwif;oHk;&m ausmif;ocFrf;? NyD;ajrmuftoGifqef;/ ouFef;y&du&m jynfhpHkpGm? 0dokBuHKewfom; vSL'gef;yg/ a&S;OD;pGm ouFef;0wf? uk'gvoljrwf/ y&dowftm;vHk; wpfa,mufrusef? &[ef;0wfMu awmNrdKif,H/ oDwif;oHk;&ef ausmif;Xme? cGJa0ae&mcs/ rGefjrwfvSaom owif;rSef? ckepfjynfaxmifrif;wdkYxH/ vGifhysHjyefYESHY a&muf&SdMum;/ xD;eef;pGefYcGm ypfumxm;/ tm;vHk;tm;vHk;a&muf&Sdvm? &aohwdkY\ [dr0Em/ ,lZemoHk;q,f&Sd? ae&mt&yftjynhf/ twdwfykH&dyf ,ckZmwfjzpfaom uk'gvy@dw Zmwf u d k tcgwpf y g; jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f aZw0efausmif;awmf oDwif;oHk;awmfrlpOf? ]]qifxdef;om;jzpfaom pdw[wrax&fudk taMumif;jyK a[mMum;awmfrjl cif;jzpfygonf/ xdkrax&fonf om0wdjynfom;wpfa,muf jzpf? wpfaeYv,fxGef&efvmpOf? ausmif; awmfo0ifa&mufvsuf &[ef;wpfyg;\oydwrS Ykd f t&om&Sdaom abmZOfudkpm;&\/ xdktcg ol u pOf ; pm;onf / igwd k Y aeY a &mnyg tvkyvy&aomfjim;? ,ckuoYkd aumif;rGeaom f k f hJ f tm[m&wdkYudk rrSD0J&av/ xdkodkYpOf;pm;rdNyD; &[ef;jyK&ef tBuHjzpf\/ odkYjzpf pdw[wonf wpfvausmf ausmf ES v H k ; oG i f ; rS m ;,G i f ; um? ud a vom

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ aysmfydkufonfjzpf vlxGufvkduf\/ vlxGuf aomf yifyifyef;yef;vkyfudkifpm;&onfjzpfaom aMumihf? ausmif;odkYjyefvmum tbd"rmudk oif,\/ xdenf;twki;f ajcmufBurajcmufcg l k d d f vl x G u f v k d u f ? &[ef ; jyKvk d u f j yKawmf r l p Of ? aemufqHk;- tbd"rmckepfusrf;udkaygufajrmuf oGm;um? rsm;pGmaom&[ef;wdukd tbd"rmw&m; Yk jyefvnfycsvsu?f 0dyemw&m;udk yGm;rsm;ap Ykd jcif;jzihf t&[wzdkvfodkY qkdufa&mufapawmfrl \/ xdktcg pdw[wrax&f\ taygif; tazmf & [ef ; wd k Y u ? pd w [ w r ax&f t m; ]]a&S;uuJoYkd udavom ryGm;rsm;awmhb;l avm}} h [k jyuf & ,fjcif;jyKMu\/ xdktcg pdw[w rax&f u? ]],ck igonf vlxujf cif; rjyKvkd G awmh/ igonf t&[wzvoquNf y}D } [kqav kd f Ykd kd kd aomf? xdpum; onf &[ef;wdkYMum; ajymp&m k pum;&oGm;\/ ]]qifxdef;om;t&Sifpdw[wonf ajcmufBudrfwdkifvlxGufcJhaom&[ef;jzpfvsuf vnf;? ,cktHhMozG,f? t&[wzdkvfodkY qdkufNyD [k q d k \ }} [k tcsif;csif;ajymqdkaeMuonf/ tjzpf ud k jrwf p G m bk & m;Mum;od a omf ? &[ef;wdkYtm; odkY rdefYMum;awmfrlavonf/ ]]&[ef;wdkY- ykxkZOf\pdwfrSm tvGefjref\/ xdef;odrf;Edkif&ef cJ,Of;\/ wdrf;Twfrdaom tmHk pGJNidoGm;onf omjzpf\/ xdkpdwfudk t&d,mr*fjzifhom ,Ofaus;apEdkif\}} odkYrdefYMum;NyD;aomf? ,ckpdw[w rax&f \ tjzpf r sd K ; a&S ; ynm&S d w d k Y o nf aygufw;l uduyfNi? xdaygufw;l udk pGejYf cif;rjyK k d k EdkifyJ? xdkaygufwl;udk wyfrufaomavmbpdwf aMumifh? ajcmufBudrfwdkif ouFef;0wfvkduf? vljyefxGufvkdufjyKum? ckepfBudrfajrmufaom tcgwGifrS? &[ef;pifppf &[ef;jzpfawmfrlaom taMumif;udk twdwfaqmif a[mMum;awmf rlygonf/ a&S ; tcg? Am&mPoD j ynf w G i f ? jA['wfrif; rif;jyKckduf? bk&m;avmif;onf [if;&Guf[if;oD;wdkYudk pdkufysdK;a&mif;pm;& aom trsd K ;vl j zpf \ / uk ' gvy@d w [k trnfwGif\/ if;onf qif;&JpGm toufarG; rI jyK&onfjzpfojzihf? xdkb0rS vGwfuif;vdk\/ od k Y a omf ol Y w G i f ayguf w l ; wpf v uf r S v G J tjcm;bmrQydkifqdkifrIr&Sd/ wpfaeYaomf igonf ,ckvdkaeojzihf tusdK;r&Sd/ awmxGuf&[ef;jyK tHh[k BuHvsuf? ol\aygufwl;udk wpfae&m odr;f 0Suum? &[ef;jyK\/ odaomf xdaygufw;l f Yk k udk atmufarhwoaomavmbpdwfudk rxdef; odrf;Edkifojzihf vlxGuf\/ wpfcgjyef &[ef; jyKjyefonf/ aemufwpfcg olYaygufwl;udk tmHk rjzwf E d k i f vl x G u f j yef o nf / od k Y ajcmufMudrfwdkifwdkif aygufwl;udkvTihfypf &[ef;vnf;jyK? vlvnf;xGufjzihf ]]vnf}} ae\/ ck e pf B ud r f a jrmuf a omtcgwG i f r l ? xdkaygufwl;udk tNyD;wdkifpGefYrnf[k qHk;jzwf? aygufwl;udk,l jrpfypfcs\/ aemufwpfBudrf aygufw;l udjk yef r,lEipraomiSm? aygufw;l kd f d hf tdk;udk NrJNrHpGmudkifNyD; if;\ OD;acgif;xuf? oHk;Budrfa0SY,rf;NyD;? rsufpdpHkrSdwfvsuf BuD;pGm aomtpGr;f jzihf vTiypfvuavonf/ oltwGuf fh dk f Y aygufw;l udtNy;D wdif pGeypfvuEijf cif;onf k k Yf dk f kd if;\b0 BuD;pGmaom atmifjrifjcif;yif jzpf \ / xd k Y a Mumih f if ; onf BuD ; pG m aom 0rf;ajrmuf jcif;jzpfvsuf]]igonf atmifNyD- igonfatmifNyD}} [k oHk;Budrfwdkif [pfa<u;rdavonf/ xdktcsdef Am&mPoDrif;jrwfonf ppf E d k i f v monf j zpf & um;? atmif j rif o l tjzpfjzihf? 0rf;omMunfEl; aejynfawmfodkY jyefvm\/ xdkpOf ]] uk'gvy@dw}} \ ]]igonf atmiftyfNyD}} [laom atmf[pfoHudkMum; ojzihf? igum; ppfEdkifvmol? atmifjrifrIudk &vmol w nf ; / xd k o l u m; rnf o nh f t rI u d k atmif j rif o nf j zpf ? ,ck u J h o d k Y ]]igonf atmiftyfNyD}} [k jrnfa<u;& oenf;/ xdkoludk a&SUawmfoGif;ap[k rSL;rwfwdkY udk rdefYMum;\/ rSL;rwfwdkYvnf; xdkoludkac:,l a&SUawmf arSmufoGif;aomf? bk&ifrif;jrwfum; igonf ppfyGJBuD;udk atmifjrifvmoljzpf\/ igum; atmif j rif o l j zpf \ / oif u m; rnf o nf u d k atmif j rif ]]igonf atmif t yf N yD } } [k [pf a <u; &oenf ; [k uk ' gvy@d w tm; ar;\/ xdktcg uk'gvy@dwum;- Am&mrif; Bu;D udk odavQmufwifawmfrl\/ Yk ]]t&Sifrif;BuD;? oifonf ppfajr atmifEivmoljzpfjim;? udavomudk atmifEif kd f kd ol r[kwfojzihf? oif\atmifjrifjcif;onf jrwfaom atmifjrifjcif;r[kwf/ igum;- ig\ ud k , f w G i f ; rS ud a vompd w f w d k Y u d k ES d y f e if ; atmifjrif oljzpf? ]]atmifNyD}} [k [pfa<u; jcif;jzpfonf [k avQmufwifavonf/ rif;BuD;ofn uk'gvy@dw\ "r pum; arGUavsmfjcif;jzpf? &[ef;jyK&ef pdwf wdrf;Twfawmfrlonf/ pifppf rif;BuD;wpfOD; wnf;om odkYjzpfonfr[kwf/ rif;BuD;\ ppfonfAvygrSL;rwfo<l u,fyPm;tm;vH;k aom kd f k yk*dKvfwdkYonf rif;BuD;uJhodkY udavompdwf

39

aysmuf ? ol a wmf a umif ; pd w f a yguf u m? &[ef;tjzpfodkY a&muf&ef pdwfwdrf;Twfjcif; jzpfawmfravonf/ xdkYaMumifh if;wdkYtm;vHk; l onf &[ef ; jyKMu&ef q H k ; jzwf ? uk ' gv y@dw\ aemufodkYvkdufNyD; awmodkY 0ifMuav onf/ xdktaMumif;udk Am&mPoD jynfom;wdkY Mum;od u m? if ; wd k Y o nf v nf ; Am&mPoD rif;BuD;\ aemufodkY vkdufMuavonf/ wm0wd Homewfjynf&SdodMum;rif;\ ausmufzsmum; wif;cJayNy/ rQrsm;jym;aom h D aemufvdkufaemufygrsm;jzihf uk'gvy@dw\ awmxG u f j cif ; onf BuD ; jrwf a omuk o d k v f aumif;rIBuD;jzpf\/ xdkYaMumihf if;wdkY\aea&; xdkifa&; udk pDpOfay;&ef? ouFef;y&du&mponfh &aoh &[ef ; toH k ; taqmif y p n f ; rsm;ud k vSL'gef;&ef 0dokBuHKewfom;tm; vlYjynfodkY apvT w f a wmf r l v k d u f a vonf / od M um;rif ; ck d i f ; aponh f t wk d i f ; 0d o k B uH K ewf o m;vnf ; ausmif;ocFrf;ponfwdkYudk tjrefzefwD;&\/ ouFe;f y&du&mwdukd zefw;D &\/ uk'gvy@dw Yk onf 0dokBuHKewfom; vSL'gef;aomouFef;udk vufcH OD;pGm&[ef;jyK\/ NyD;rS tjcm;aom olwdkYudk &aoh&[ef;jyKapNyD;? 0dokBuHKewfom; zef w D ; ay;xm;aom ausmif ; ocF r f ; rsm; ae&mcsxm;ay;avonf/ xdkowif;onfck e pf j ynf a xmif a omrif ; wd k Y t xd jyefYESHYoGm;\/ ckepfjynfaxmifrif;wdkYvnf; Am&mPoDrif;ESifhxyfwlxyfrQaom pdwfwdkYjzpf ay:um? udavompdwfuG,faysmuf? &[ef; b0udk a&mufvdkaompdwfjzpfay:vmMu\/ xdkYaMumihf uk'gvy@dwOD;aqmifaom &aoh &[ef;wdkY&Sd&m [dr0Emt&yfodkYvma&muf &[ef;jyKMuavonf/ &aoh&[ef;OD;a&rsm;jym;vGef;&um;? ,lZemoH;k q,f&aomt&yfonf xd&aoh&[ef; dS k wdkYESifh jynhfaeavawmhonf/ Zmwfawmfudkaygif;vQiftmeEmonf- Am&mPoDrif;/ ,ck igbk&m;\y&dowfonf xdtcgu uk'gv k y@dw&aoh\y&dowf/ ,ck igbk&m;onfum;..? xdktcgu uk'gv y@dwjzpfbl;NyD- [k Zmwfaygif;awmfrlygonf/ usrf ; ud k ; uk ' gvy@d w Zmwf ? ig;&mig;q,f Z mwf e d y gwf ? (anmif u ef q &mawmf ) aZmf a emif

= t&m&m oD;cHjcif; cE D p = qdkqHk;rvG,foljzpfjcif; aom0pwm orPme ' eH = &[ef;awmfwkdYudk zl;jrifjcif; umave"romupm= oifhavsmfwJhtcgrSm w&m;aqG;aEG;jcif; = 'D4yg;[maumif;jrwfwJh BuD;yGm;csrf;oma&;jzpf {wH r *F v rk w r H ygw,f/
To be patient; To be obedient; To Meet with holy persons; To discuss the Dhamma at proper time; This is the Noblest Blessing.

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THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

onf;cHjcif;onf jrwfaomtusifhjzpf\
By Dhamma Vi-ra Thandar Aung , ITBM University, Yangon.

forbearing patience is the most excellent asceticism

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