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Address
Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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EDITORIAL
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FORE ARTICLES

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]Aka'g ar o&PH tnHewd} tuREy\qnf;uyfu;kd uG,ronf Ak'b&m;rS fk f f I k wpfyg; tjcm;r&Sdyg/ ]"arm ar o&PH tnHewd} Ak'b&m;&Sia[mMum;awmfraom w&m;awmfrS k f l wpfyg; wpfjcm;tm;xm;p&mr&Sdyg/ ]oHaCm aro&PH tnH ewd} bk&m;&Si\wynhom; oHCmawmfrsm;rSwpfyg; f f wpfjcm;r&Sdyg/ aqmufwnfykHrSm]tZm'd HuwGm t[H Ak'y&m,aPm a[mwd} (,aeYrSp wynhfawmfonf Ak'bk&m;ukd qnf;uyfyg\/) ]tZm'd HuwGm t[H "ry&m,aPm a[mwd} (,aeYrSp wynhfawmfonf w&m;awmfukd qnf;uyfyg\) ]tZ m 'd H u wG m t[H oH C y&m,aPm a[mwd} (,aeYrSp wynhfawmfonf oHCmawmfukd qnf;uyfyg\) 3/ &wemok;H yg;wd\ wynhom;tjzpfom cH,l Yk f ygonf/ &wemokH;yg;\wynhfom;tjzpfrS wpfjcm;wpfyg;aomq&m\wynhftjzpf rcH,l jcif;/ ]]odbm0ly *reo&P*kH}} aqmufwnfykHrSm]tZm'd HuwGm t[H Ak' taE0godaum a[mwd} (,aeYrSp wynhfawmfonf Ak'bk&m;&Sif\ twGif;aewynhf&if;ygbk&m;) ]tZm'd HuwGm t[H "r taE0godaum a[mwd} (,aeYrpwynhawmfonf w&m;awmfjrwf\ S f wynhftjzpf cH,lygonfbk&m;) ]tZm'd HuwGm t[H oHC taE0godaum a[mwd} (,aeYrSp wynhfawmf\ oHCmawmfjrwf\ wynfhtjzpf cH,lygonfbk&m;)

FORE ARTICLES
"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ b0oHo&mrSvwajrmufa&;? 0#f'u G f k taygif;rSuif;&Sif;a&;? edAmefrsufarSmufjyKa&; twGufom &wemokH;yg;rSwpfyg; tjcm;q&m rsm;\ wynhftjzpfukd rcH,l&jcif;jzpfonf/ avmuDody? pD;yGm;a&;? ynma&;udpt00 twGufukdrl q&mwifoihfolukd wif&ayrnf/ wynhfcHoifholukd cH,l&rnfukd owdjyKyg/ (4) yPdygw o&P*kH ]yPdygw o&P*kH} [lonfrSm tav;tjrwf tkdtaojyK qnf;uyfjcif;jzpfonf/ tkdtaojyKykHrsm;(u) tbd0g'e = &Sdckd;jcif; (c) tvDur = vuftkyfcsDjcif; (*) omrdpdur = tkdtaojyKjcif; (C) ypK|me (ypK*re) = c&D;OD;BuKdqkdjcif; wkdYjzpfonf/ aqmufwnfykH ]tZm'd HuwGm t[H tbd0g'e tvDur omrdpdur ypK|me urm'deH {awoH a,0 wdPH &wemeH ua&mrDwd pwl[dea,wd o&P*reH a0'dwAH/} ,aeY r S p wynh f a wmf o nf &Sdckd;jcif;? vuftkyfcsDjcif;? tkdtaojyKjcif;? c&D;OD;BuKdqkdjcif; paomtrIwkdYukd xkd&wem okH;yg;wkdYtm;omvQif jyKvkyfygtHh? av;rsKd; wkdYjzihf o&P*kH ukd odtdyf\/ &wemokH;yg;? o&P*kHokH;yg;wkdYukd uk;d uG,qnf;uyfyEiywfouf ]uk;d ykH (4) rsK;d } f Hk S fh ukd jyqkvuonf/ rdrwA'bmom0ifrsm;onf d dk f d Ykd k rnfonhftqifhjzifh ukd;uG,fqnf;uyfaeMu onfukdrl ukd,fwkdifqkH;jzwfMu&efjzpfonf/ rdkd;zvmukd;uG,frItqifhxufvGef tod&Sd&Sd jzihf trSefwu,fukd;uG,fwwfzdkYvkdygonf/ ok d Y r S o m o&P*k H wu,f p G J N rJ , k H M unf o l o&P*kHwnfolrsm; jzpfMuayvdrfhrnf/ earm or m or K ' rk H & G m aeZm (&nfTef;= oDw*lq&mawmf t&SifPd&? &nf o&P*kHw&m;awmf) (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / )

Ak'*wum D d
q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) y r [v u bd u K 0w K
Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0wdjynf aZw0efausmif;awmf aeawmfrlaomtcg tvkyftauR; 'g,dumrao wovsuf ikda<u;Muukefaom awmxGuf&[ef;BuD; ig;&m wdkYukd qkH;rawmfrljcif;iSm ]]0eH qdEx rm kuH}} paom ESpf*gxmukd a[mfawmfrl\/ 0eH qdEx rm kuH? 0eawm Zm,aw b,H? aqwGm 0e 0ex? edAem a[mx bdua0g/ ,m0 [d 0eawm e qdZwd? tPkrawmyd e& em&dok/ y#dA'raem0 wm0 aom? 0apm cD&yaum0 rmw&d/

jref r muAsm wPSmawm&Sif; yif&if;ry,f? wPSmcsKHawm ab;aomaom<u,f? wPSm[laom csKHawmBuD;i,f? ckwfy,fprf; &[ef;csKH&Sif;r,f/
Cut down the forest (of passion), but not real trees; from the forest (of passion) springs fear; cutting down both forest and brushwood (of passions), be forestless, O bhikkhus.

pum;ajy/ / tkd... &[ef;wkdY oifwkdYonf opfyifukdom jzwf&rnfr[kwf/ wPSmwnf; [laom awmcsKHukd ckwfjzwfMuukefavmh/ wPSm csKHawmrS tyg,fpaom ab;onf jzpf\/ wPSmwnf;[laom awmBuD; awmi,f toG,foG,fukd jzwfvsuf wPSmwnf;[laom csKHawmuif;ol rsm; jzpfMuukefavm/ jref r muAsm a,musfm;rdef;r cspfr0rl? wPSm[laom csKHawmydwfxl/ tenf;i,frQ r&Sif;&rl? EkdYrjywf rduyfEGm;av;wl? wPSmNid pdwf&Sd vnfywfol/
For as long as the brushwood (of passions) of man towards woman is not cut down even a jot, so long is his mind in bondage, like the milch calf to its mothercow.

pum;ajy/ / tMuifrQavmuf a,musfm; jzpfaeolu rdef;rwdkYtay: cspfcifpGJvrf;ae onfh tenf;i,frQjzpfaom wPSmcsKawmonf rjywfao;/ xkrjywfao;orQ EkruGmao;aom H d Yd EGm;i,fonf trdEGm;rukd uyfNyD;ae&ouJhodkY (xkd olonfvnf;) pGJvrf;uyfNidaom pdwf&Sdae omvQif oHo&mrSm tcgcg uyfa&mufae&\/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

qif;&JwJhtcg ajzqnf&m
f P(zs H &SiP(zsmyk)
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qif ; &J w J h t cg ajzqnf & apzk d Y rS w f o m;zG , f oH a 0*,l z G , f a umif ; vS w J h taomu (ac:) oD&dok"rmaomurif;BuD; taMumif; tm;vkH;odMuw,fqkd&if rrSm;Ekdifyg bl;/ oD&d"rmaomurif;BuD;[m bkef;wefckd; tvGefBuD;rm;oljzpfovdk bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm ukd MunfnKdrItm;BuD;wJh yk*KdvfBuD;jzpfygw,f/ Ak'omoemukd csD;ajrmufaxmufyHh&mrSmvnf; &mZ0if wGifwJhrif;ygyJ/ ,k H M unf r I o' g w&m;tjynh f e J Y omoemtwGuf trsm;jynfotwGuf a&wGi;f l a&uefaygif;&Spaomif;av;axmif? apwDb&m; f k aygif ; &S p f a omif ; av;axmif ? omoemjyK ausmif ; aygif ; &S p f a omif ; av;axmif w k d Y u k d vSL'gef;cJhygw,f/ omoemhtarGcH,lEkdifa&; twGufvnf; om;awmfr[dEeJY orD;awmf oCFrwmwkudk &[ef;tjzpfjyKay;um omoem d Yd awmfukd vSL'gef;cJhygao;w,f/ 'Dtjyifvnf; Ak'omoemawmfukd BuD;yGm;wkd;wufap&ef &nf&G,fNyD; aiGtojym uka# wpf&mwdwd pGevwvLS 'gef;cJjh yefygw,f/ Yf T f tJ'Dvkd bkef;wefckd;BuD;rm;wJh oD&d"rmaomu rif ; BuD ; [m touf t &G , f B uD ; &if h v k d Y tkrif;rpGr;f jzpfwhJ tcsef usawmh ol&UJ ykiqirI d d Y d f dk f u ]qD;jzLoD;wpfjcrf;} om&SdawmhwJhtaMumif; pmayusrf ; *ef a wG r S m zwf I & wm[m qifjcifp&m? oHa0*,lp&m tvGefaumif;vS ygw,f/ oD & d " r m aomu rif ; BuD ; jzpf y k H u 'Dvyg/ rif;Bu;D ruse;f rrmjzpfawmh rSL;rwfrsm;u dk tdrfa&SUrif;om;eJYwkdifyifNyD; rif;b@mwkdufukd xdef;odrf;xm;vkdufw,f/ yGJawmfwnfcsdefrSm

pm;awmfpmukd a&TcGufeJYykdYvnf; vSLypf? aiGcGuf eJYykdYvnf; vSLypf? aMu;cGufeJYykdYvnf; rif;BuD;u vSLypfaeawmh aemufqkH; qD;jzLoD;wpfjcrf;ukd ajrcGufeJYxnfhNyD; yGJawmfquftrwfu vmykdY w,f/ tJ'Dtcg oD&d"rmaomurif;BuD;u]]'Dajrukd b,folykdifovJ? b,fol tpkd;&ovJ}} vkdYar;awmh yGJawmfpmqufwJh trwfu ]]t&Sifrif;BuD;tpkd;&ygw,f}} vkdY jyefavQmufwJhtcg rif;BuD;u ]]r[kwfbl; igu rif;tjzpfu avsmusaeNyD? qD;jzLoD;wpfjcrf;yJ igykdifawmhw,f}} vkdY jyefvnfrdefYMum;vkduf aMumif; pmayusrf;*efrsm;rSm zwfI&ygw,f/ oD&d"rmaomurif;BuD;&JU jzpf&yfukd owdjyK qif j cif M unh f r ,f q k d & if qif ; &J o G m ;vnf ; 0rf;enf;p&majyavsmhEkdifygw,f/ oD & d " r m aomu rif ; BuD ; xuf tjzpfqkd;wJholuawmh om0wdjynfh&Sif bk&if aumovrif;Bu;D ayhg? aumovrif;&JUtjzpfu ykdNyD; oHa0*,lzG,faumif;jyefygw,f/ olYacwf olYtcgu om0wdjynhf&Sif bk&ifaumov[m bke;f wefc;dk tvGeBf u;D wJh rif;Bu;D yg/ Opmypn;f eJY ta>ct&Hvnf; rsm;olyg/ 'gayr,fh aumif;pm; cG i f h u H t [k e f u k e f v k d Y tuk o d k v f u H t vS n h f e J Y BuK&wJtcgrSmawmh om0wjd ynh&if aumov H h f S rif;BuD;tjzpfu &ifeifhp&m? &ifemp&maumif; atmif tjzpfqkd;ygawmhw,f/ aumovrif;BuD;jzpfykHuawmh c&D; oGm;&mutjyef bk&m;ausmif;teD;a&mufawmh bk&m;&Sifukd zl;arQmfvdkwmaMumifh rif;ajrmuf wef q mawG c Rwf N yD ; ppf o l B uD ; AE K v&J U wl ]'dCum&m,e} ukay;xm;cJum bk&m;ausmif; d h xJ0ifNyD; bk&m;ukdzl;arQmfaewkef; ]'DCum&m

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

a*gwrAk'ESihf rif;wdkY\ avmuobm0"r jyemajz&Sif;enf;rsm; (1)

wu o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r m p&d , ? B.A) xdktcg zk bk&m;&Sif\ ratwl rdujJG zpfueaom nDawmfrif;om; (3)a,mufwYkd k f onfvnf; ]bk&m;wdrnfonf tvH;k pHaom ow Yk k avmu\ tpD;tyGm;tvdkYiSm yGihfxGef;awmfrl jcif;jzpfonf/ wpfOD;wpfa,mufwnf; pD;yGm; csrf;omjzpfxGef;&ef yGihfxGef;awmfrljcif; r[kwf ay/ igwkdY\ crnf;awmf rif;BuD;onfum; olwpfyg;wdkYtm; jrwfpGmbk&m;udk jyKpkvkyfauR; ylaZmf&ef tcGiray;acs? igwkonf b,fvenf; fh Yd kd jzihf jrwfpGmbk&m;udk jyKpkvkyfauR;cGihfudk &Mu ygukefrnfenf;} [k BuHpnfrdMuavonf/ NrdKUol NrdKUom;wdkYonf rif;om;wdkYESihf wpfpwwnf; wpf0rf;wnf;jzpfMuNy;D vQif igwdYk d f onf Oyg,fwHrsOfudk jyKMuukefpdkY} [k wdkifyif nDGwfMu NrdKUpGefjynfzsm; olykefoluef x<uaomif;use;f ouJoYkd jyKvyapMuukeonf/ h k f f xdktcg rif;BuD;onf NrdKUpGefe,fzsm; a'o olyeouefwYkd ab;&efaMumihf ysujf ym; k f l aeonf[aom owif;udMk um;od& om;awmf l rif;om; oH;k yg;wdukd olyef oluefwtm; ESreif; Yk k Ykd d f &ef apvTwfavonf/ rif;om;wdkYonf NrdKUpGefe,fzsm;odkY oGm;a&muf olykef oluefESdrfeif;[efjyKNyD; crnf;awmfrif;BuD;xHokdY jyefvmMuukefonf&Sd aomf rif;Bu;D u tvGeyifEpouftm;&awmfrl f S f vSojzihf ]om;awmfrsm; tvd&tyfaom qkukd k dS ,lukefavmh} [k qkay;pum; rdefYMum;onf/ ]crnf;awmfrif;Bu;D uREywonfum; kf f Ykd tjcm;qkudk tvdkr&Sdygukef jrwfpGmbk&m;udk dkaoav;jrwf qnf;uyfvkyfauR;cGihfqkudkom tvdk&SdMuygonf} [k avQmufxm;Muonf/ ]om;awmfwdkY oifwdkYonf qkudk xm; tjcm;qkukd ,lMuukeavmh}... crnf; f awmfrif;BuD; qkrSwpfyg; tjcm;qkudk tvdk r&SMd uyguke?f ]om;awmfwYdk xdojYkd zpfvQif umv k tydkif;tjcm;jyK ,lMuukefavmh} rif;BuD;u odkY umvtydkif;tjcm; jzpfcGihfjyKpum;qdkaomf rif;om;wdkYu ckepfESpf tcsdefydkif;awmif;qdkMuonf/ rif ; BuD ; u ck e pf e pf t csd e f o nf

,cif t ywf r S t quf xdkYaemuf rif;BuD;u t0wfouFef;? tdyf&m? ae&mrsm;udk bk&m;trSL;&Sdaom oHCm awmfrsm;udk qufuyfvSL'gef;NyD; trQay;a0jyef &m xdcPrSmyif aqGrsK;d Nywmwdonf oH;k aqmif k d Yk &ef ewfjzpfaomt0wfrsm;? ,mOfrsm;? bHArmef k d rsm;? tcif;? tNcHt&H? tdyf&mae&m? tqif; wefqmtrsK;d rsK;d wdonf jzpfxe;f ay:aygufvm Yk G Muukef\/ xd k N yd w m rsm; xd k p nf ; pd r f c srf f ; om tvHk;pHk&&SdcHpm;&yHkudk bk&m;&Sifu Adrdom& rif;BuD;jrifEkdifatmif t"d|mef jyoawmfrl onf/ rif;BuD;onf xdkNydwmwdkY\ b0tqihf twef;jrifhoGm;yHk? csrf;omcHpm;&yHk tvHk;pHkudk jrifawGU&aomtcg tvGefyif 0rf;ajrmuf0rf; omjzpfavonf/ xd k Y a emuf qG r f ; ud p N yD ; aomtcg rif;Bu;D u xdaqGrsK;d Nywmwd\ b0taMumif;udk k d Yk ar;avQmuf Ak'u xdNk ywmwdYk a&S;a[mif;b0 d jzpfpOfudk a[mMum;jyoawmfrlygonf/ urmrSjyef a&wGufaomf vGefcJh aom (92) ur m xuf umod r nf a om jynf0,f Z,aoerif;Bu;D xD;eef;pd;k tkyf rif;jyK cJhonf/ xdkrif;BuD;\ oD&drmtrnf&Sdaom rdzk&m;BuD;rS bk&m;tavmif; zkrnfaom om;awmfukd zGm;jrifc tpOfojzihf zkbk&m; hJ tavmif; bk&m;tjzpfodkY a&mufawmfrlav aomf Z,aoerif;BuD;onf ]]ig\om;awmf onf awmxGufum &[ef;jyK bk&m;tjzpfodkY

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

10

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11

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oDwmOD;(jrefrmpm) waygif;voJyHkapwDyGJawmfum; Ak'bmom omoemawmfrS qif;oufvmonfh jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI yGJawmfjzpfojzihf jrefrmEkdifiHawmf wGif Ak'omoempwifxGef;um;vmcsdefuyif wnf&SdcJhaom yGJawmfwpf &yfjzpfavonf/ yk*HacwfodkYr[kwf yk*HrwdkifrDuyGJawmf ]]vSn;f 0if;kd oH? wnHn?H yk*b&m;aygif;}} [lonfh pmcsK;d aqmif H k yk'fESihftnD? yk*Hacwfu tajrmuftjrm;wnfxm;udk;uG,fcJhMuaom apwDykxkd;rsm;udk ,aeYwdkif zl;ajrmfEkdifMuayao;&m? oJyHkapwDyGJawmf onf xdkyk*Hacwf odkYr[kwf yk*HacwfrwdkifrDuyif ay:xGef;vmonfh yGJawmf[k qdkEkdif&monf/ yk*Hjynhf&Sif taemf&xmrif;apm[kac:Muonfh tEkk'a'0 rif;onf yk*HNrdKUteD; anmifOD;t&yf&Sd {&m0wDjrpfurf; oJaomifcHkwGif jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ pG,fawmfjrwfudk Xmyem apwDawmfBuD; wpfql wnfxm;udk;uG,fcJhavonf/ a&T p nf ; cH k a pwD a wmf B uD ; xdkapwDawmfBuD;rSm oJcHkay:wGif wnfxm;Muojzihf oJcHkpnf;cHk- a&Tpnf;cHk[k bGJUawmforkwfcJh&m ,ckwdkif txift&Sm;wnf&Sd aeayonf/ (pnf;cHk-pJckH-oJcHk? ovGef-pvGef? ovJ-pvJponfoESihf pajymif;a&TUonfudk owdjyK&ef)/ oJ y H k a pwD tapmqH k ; a&S ; a[mif ; pmay oJyHkapwDtaMumif;udk tapmqHk;awGU&Sd&onfh a&S;a[mif; pmayum;? tif;0acwf pmqkausmt&Sir[moDv0HozGUJ qdonfh ]Ak'K ywd d f f k ysKdU} jzpfonf/ ]ig;wefig;Muif;? a&Two if;wdkY? jrpfwGif;jrL;aysmf? Zifa,mf jrpfawG; cspfoHav;ESihf? a&aus;a&iSuf? pu0uf[oFm? iSufwum vnf;? bmomusL;aMumf? jrL;aysmfMuwHk? aiGaomifcHk0,f? oJyHkapwD? yGJawmfNyDwnf;}} xdysKUd waygif;vbGUJ wGif odYk pmzGUJ onfukd awGU&S&m tif;0 k d acwf oJyHkapwDyGJawmf&SdaeNyDudk taotcsmod&SdMu&ayonf/ oJ y H k a pwD y G J a wmf q if , if u sif ; yMuyH k jrefrmEkdifiHwGif waygif;vodkY a&mufvmonfhtcg jrpfrsm; acsmif;rsm; a&ppfum? jrpfurf;acsmif;urf;rsm; oJcHkaomifcHk jzLjzL azG;azG;uav;rsm; xdkrS rS ay:xGef;vmavh&Sdonf/ awmif o l O D ; BuD ; wd k Y aiG p &T i f M uonf h v xdkYjyif xdk&moDxdkvonf v,fxGuf,mxGuf oD;ESHrsm;a&mif; csMucsdefjzpf awmifolOD;BuD;wdkY aiGpa&Tifonfh v&moDjzpfayonf/ v,f,mvkyief;rsm;Ny;D pD; vkyief;cGirS tem;,lcsevnf;jzpfavonf/ f f f d f bk & if r if ; rsm;ud k , f w d k i f N cd r f h o J o J qif E T J M uyH k ,if;odkYtaMumif;rsm; nDGwfaom tcsdefjzpf jrefrmbk&if rif;rsm;onf xdkv xdk&moDwGif oJyHkapwDyGJawmfudk &moDyGJtjzpf owfrSwf a&Teef;awmfBuD;rSonf aus;vufawm&Gmrsm;txd pnfum; odkufNrdKuf NcdrfhNcdrfhoJoJ qifETJusif;ycJhMuonf/ xdtcsewif rif;? rdz&m;ESpyg;wdonf rif;nDrif;om;? rSL;awmf k d f G k f Yk rwfawmfrsm; NcH&Hum? jrpfurf;aomifjyif pnf;cHkodkY xGufpHawmfrlvsuf oJyHkapwDawmfrsm;wnf ylaZmfuefawmhMuvsuf yGJvrf;obifcHum qif,ifusif;yMuavonf/ wnf x m;pu oJ y H k a pwD r sm; a&S;acwfa&S;tcgu awmifov,form; OD;Bu;D rsm; wnfxm; l avh&aom oJyapwDawmfrsm;rSm rlvwnfxm;ptcsewif tkwt*Faw dS kH d f G f wdkYjzihf rjyKvkyfEkdifMu 0g;zwf0g;uyfrsm;jzihf jyKvkyfaom dkifywfqifNyD; wnfxm;avh&SdMuonf/ ,if;dkifywfrsm;udk tqihfig;qihfjzifh wnfvkyf Muonf/ tqihig;qihrm jrif;rd&awmif&dS tmvdeig;qihyu&nf&,f f f S k f f f kH kd G NyD;jyKvkyfMujcif;jzpfonf/ xdktmvdefig;qihfwGif oefYpifaom oJrsm;xnfh tjynhf tMuyfodyfMu&onf/ NyD;vQif wHcGefukum;? vSLzG,f0wKypnf;rsm;jzihf ylaZmfMu tvSLtwef;yGrsm; usi;f yMuonf/ ESpumvMumanmif;aom J f tcg xdkoJyHkapwDudk tkwfwdkYjzihf tcdkiftrmapwDawmfBuD;tjzpfokdY qufvufwnfMuavonf/ 91 ur m xuf u pwnf c J h a om oJ y H k a pwD oJyHkapwDwnfxm;udk;uG,fMujcif;rSm a&S;urmtaocsFuyif &SdcJhaom bmoma&;,Ofaus;rIjzpfonf[k Ak'omoeduusrf;rsm; azmfjyonf/ ygVdyd#uwfpmaywdkYwGif oJyHkapwDawmfwnfxm;udk;uG,f cJMh uyHordi;f udk ty'gefygVdawmf 124? if;t|uxm'ktypmrsuEm 87 k k k f f S oupdEed,ax&f ty'gefawGU&Sd&onf/ a&S;bk&m;&SifwdkY\ txHawmif;tyfNyD;aom qkawmif;jcif;&Sd aom t&SioupdEe,ax&ftavmif;onf 91 urmxufu yGiawmf f d fh rlaom 0dyDjrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif y&dedAmefpHawmfrltNyD;rSm &aoh&[ef;jyK [dr0EmawmaepOf qdwfNidrf arGUavsmfzG,f&Sdaom wpfckaom awmodkY ta&mufwGif oJrsm;udk 0g;jcrf;pdwfwdkYjzihf tqifhqifhjyK oJyHkapwDwnfNyD;vQif oufawmfxif&Sm; jrwfpGmbk&m;&SifrsufarSmuf awmfrSmuJhokdY xdkrdrdwnfxm;aom oJyHkapwDawmfudk tvGefdkaopGm &Sdcdk;vsuf trsKd;rsKd;aom awmyef;wdkYjzihf BuJjzefYylaZmfjcif;jyK\/ qVmbd n y#d o rd ' g yw & [E m t&S i f j rwf xdkokdYaom aumif;rIaMumihf oHo&mb0usifvnf&mwGif tyg,fav;yg;odYk rvm;ra&muf&jcif;? vljY ynfewfjynfwom usivnf Ykd f &jcif;/ av;uRe;f aoXfeif; pMu0aw;rif;jzpf&jcif;? a*gwrjrwfpmbk&m; G yGihfawmfrlaom bk&m;vufxufawmf y#dord'gav;yg;? 0darmu&Spfyg; tbdnmOfajcmufyg;wdkYESihf jynhfpHkaom &[Emjzpf&jcif;[laom tusKd; rsm;udk cHpm;awmfrl&aMumif;? ty'gefygVdawmf? ESm-124? if;t|uxm 'kwd,tkyf ESm 87 wdkY rdefY[zGihfqdkjyawmfrlonf/ ,if ; 0w K ud k a xmuf y gaomf (1) oJyHkapwDawmfwnfjcif;onf? 91 urmxufu pwifcJh onf[k rSwf,l&ygrnf/ (2) waygif;vom oJyHkapwnf wnfaumif;onfr[kwfyg/

DHAMMA DEW
"r0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ oJyHkapwDwnfMuonfrSm trsm;tm;jzihf awmvufaus;&Gmrsm;om jyKvkyfavh&SdMuygonf/ aus;vufaeawmifolOD;BuD;wdkYonf waygif; v tvkyfudpenf;yg;MuNyDjzpfaomaMumihfvnf;aumif;? a&Twd*Hk apwD awmfjrwfBuD;? ref;pufawmf&mbk&m;paom wefcdk;BuD;bk&m;yGJawmfrsm; onfvnf; waygif;vom qif,ifusi;f yMuonfjzpfaomaMumihvnf; f aumif;? jrwfpGmbk&m;&Siftm; uydv0wfjynfodkY <uawmfrlyg&ef zGm;zuf awmfumVK'g,DyihfavQmufpOfu c&D;vrf;yef;om,monfh waygif;vrS <uawmfrlonfudkvnf;aumif;? axmufxm; waygif;v oJyHkapwD awmfwnfxm;udk;uG,frI jyKMujcif;jzpfavonf/

13

ow 0 grsm; csr;f o mok * wd o d k Y a&muf M uap&ef ouf a wmf x if & S m ;jrwf p G m bk & m;jzpf a p? y&d e d A m ef p H v G e f awmfrlNyD;aom bk&m;&Sif\ kyfyGm;awmf"mwf apwDjrwf jzpfap? o'g MunfndKaom pdwfnDrQcJhvQif tusKd;ay;vnf; nDrQ\/ pdwfapwem aumif;pGmxm;jcif;[laom taMumif;aMumihfom? ow0grsm; csrf;om ok*wdodkY a&mufMuukef\/ (0drme0wKygVdawmf) oJyHkapwDyGJawmfum; ,ckacwf aysmufuG,fvkeD;yg;&SdavNyD jrefrmEkdifiHtxufydkif; NrdKU&Gmtenf;i,fom usif;yMuawmhonf[k od&onf/ oDwmOD;(jrefrmpm) rd w f a qG a umif ; ud k c sOf ; uyf N yD ; em,l z d k Y o m trSefawmh rdwfaqGaumif;vdkYac:qdkwJh uvsmPrdwynm&Sd olawmfaumif;xH csOf;uyfNyD;? rdrd&JU ,HkrSm;rIawGudk y,fazsmufEdkifapwJh w&m;pum;udk Mum;emEdiwhJ tcgrSmyJ w&m;emjcif;[m? oifawmfwtcg k f h hJ rSm w&memjcif;rnfygw,f/ ]]A[kokw&SdwJh&[ef;udkcsOf;uyfNyD;? 'DygVdu b,fvdkygvJ/ b,fvdkqdkvdkygovJ 'DygVd&JUteufu b,fvdkygvJ vdkY ar;jref; aqG ; aEG ; ol t m;? tJ ' D A [k o k w &S d w J h & [ef ; u? rxif & S m ;wmud k v J xif & S m ;atmif a jyma[may;ygw,f / ray:vG i f w mud k v J ay:vG i f atmif vk y f a y;ygw,f / rsm;jym;vS w J h , H k r S m ;p&mXmeawG r S m vJ ,HkrSm;uif;aysmufatmif vkyfay;ygw,f..}} vdkY t*Fkw&edum,f ygVd a wmf r S m jrwf p G m bk & m;a[mawmf r l y gw,f / tJ'pum;awmf[m? w&m;emMu&eftwGuf &ufa&G;cs,ae&ef D f rvdkyg/ b,f&ufrSmrqdk w&m;emoifhygw,f/ w&m;remoihfbl;qdkwJh &ufv;kH 0r&Sygbl;/ w&m;a[majymay;r,hy*Kd vf tqifoif&aeNy;D ? ud,f d f k h dS k udk,fwdkifuvJ tm;vyfcGihf&wJhtcsdef[m w&m;em&ef oifhawmfwJhtcg jzpfw,fqdkwmudk 'Dpum;u azmfTef;aeygw,f/ w&m;emjcif ; tusd K ;xl ; rsm; 'DvdkoifhawmfwJhtcgrSm w&m;emjcif;? w&m;aqG;aEG;jcif;[m eD0&PqdkwJh ydwfyifwm;qD;wwfwJhw&m;wdkYudk y,fjcif;/ (4) yg;aom tmedoifwu&jcif;? tmo0u,wnf;[laom ow0gwd tpOfrjywf Ykd kd Yk jzpfavh&SdwJh udavomw&m;qdk;rsm;jzpfMuwJh? umrmo0- umr&m*? b0go0- b0&m*? 'd|o0- 'd|?d t0dZmo0- arm[qdwhJ tmo0w&m; d k av;yg;wdkYrS vGwfajrmufrIudk&jcif; tp&SdwJh trsdK;rsdK;aomw&m;xl;wdkY &jcif;&JUtaMumif;jzpfwJhtwGuf? BuD;yGm;csrf;oma&; r*Fvmtppfjzpfyg w,f/ w&m;emjcif ; &J U tmed o if a v;yg; txuftydk'frSmygwJh w&m;aMumifh &&SdMuwJh 4-yg;aom tmed oifwdkYudk tusOf;tm;jzihf ajym&&if atmufygtwkdif; odEdkifMurSmyg/ (1) w&m;awmfudk pdwfyg0ifpm;pGm Mum;emoif,lxm;wJhoDv &So[m? ykxZOfb0eJyJ wu,fvYkd aooGm;&ifawmif ewfjynfwpfccrm d l k Y k k S jzpf&ygw,f/ tJ'Djzpf&mewfjynfrSm csrf;omokcudk &&SdwJhtcg? a&S;b0 u Mum;emavhvmcJhwJhw&m;tpkawG xifvmwmeJYyJ? tJ'Dyk*dKvf[m w&m;xl;udk vsifjrefpGm&&Sdygawmhw,f/ (2) tJ'Dw&m;tpkawGray:vGifrxif&Sm;&ifvJ? t&[wzdkvf udk &NyD;wJhwefcdk;BuD;wJh ewfom;wpfyg;yg;xHrS w&m;pum;Mum;em&vdkY? rdrusivmwJtusiawGukd jyefvnfqifjcifrvYkd w&m;xl;udk &Ediygw,f/ d fh h fh d k f

aemuf a usmzk H ; rS Mum;emjcif;onf r*Fvmjzpf\/ ,if;udk umave"r0e[k ac:\/ wu,fawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlaom w&m;awmf rsm;udk emMum;zdkY&mta&;onf vGefpGmcJ,Of;vS\/ odkYjzpf urmaygif; rsm;pGm vGeavygrS yGiawmfrvmaomjrwfpmbk&m;\ avmuDavmukw&m f hf l G tusKd ;pD;yGm;trsKd ;rsKd ;udk ay;pGr;f Ediaom w&m;awmfwukd aumif;pGmem,l k f Ykd rSwfom;jcif; jyKtyfMuav\/
Listening well to the Doctrine- Dhammasavana Listening to the dhamma of the virtuous. Listening to the discourses, wich are of benefit in both mundane and Superamundane matters, with a sincere and right attitude is Dhammasavana. auspiciousness of listening to sermons on the doclrine at the proper time. Since it is no small opportunity to have the chance to hear the beneficent discourses of the Buddha, who appears in this world only once in aeons of years, the listener should pay attention and listen well.

oif h a wmf w J h t cgrS m w&m;emjcif ; qd k o nf r S m u ]]bk&m;wynhfawmfwdkYu? 5-&ufwpfBudrf? 5-&ufwpfBudrfus nvHk;ayguf w&m;pum;rsm; ajymqdkaqG;aEG;Muygw,fbk&m;..}} vdkY t&SiftEk'g u? jrwfpmbk&m;&Sitm;avQmufxm;wJ?h t*FwKd &f t|uxm k G f k vm pum;udktaxmuftxm;jyK? 5-&ufwpfBudrf w&m;emjcif;[m oifhawmfwJhtcgrSm w&m;emjcif;jzpfw,fvdkY tya&q&mwdkYu rdefYqdk aMumif;udkvJ t|uxmq&mu azmfjyygw,f/ "r a 'oem tEk n mwm "ra'oemtEknmwmqdwy'u?kd wpfvrSm 8-Burw&m;a[m k hJ k f d f jcif; cGifhjyKw,fvdkY t|uxmq&mu zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/ 'gudktaxmuf txm;jyKNyD;? 5-&uf? 8-&uf? 14- &uf? 15- &ufvdkY vqef;yurSm (4) Budrf? vqkwfyurSm (4) Budrftm;jzihf? wpfvrSm (8) &uf (8) Budrf? w&m;emjcif;[mvJ oifhawmfwJhtcgrSm w&m;emjcif;rsdK;jzpfw,f&,fvdkY rdeqMkd uygw,f/ Yf jrwfpGmbk&m;yGihfawmfrrlrD a&S;tcgrSma&m? yGifhawmfrlNyD;wJh aemuf? y&deAmef0ifpawmfrrlrtcgawGrma&m? 5-&ufurowfrwcMhJ u d H D S kd S f yg/ rnfonhygVdawmfrvJ rygr&Syg/ jrwfpmbk&m; y&deAmefpveawmfrl f S d G d H G f Ny;D aemufyi;f a&mufvmygrS yd#uwf (3) yHukd o*Fg,emwifawmfrMl uwJ?h kd k rax&fawGu w&m;awmfudk rMumrMum Mum;emMuapvdkwJh apwem qEeYJ (5) &ufuvJ w&m;em&uf&,fvYkd owfrwxm;Muwmjzpfw,fvYkd kd S f rZdredum,f? t|uxmrSazmfjyygw,f/

THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

14

"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ 1/ o'g 2/ oDv 3/ [d&D 4/ Mowy 5/ okw 6/ pm* 7/ ynm = = = = = = = ,kHMunfjcif;/ ukd,fusihfoDv&Sdjcif;/ &Sufjcif;/ aMumufvefYjcif;/ tMum;tjrifrsm;jcif;/ pGefYBuJjcif;? ay;vSLjcif;/ kyfemrf"rwkdYukd odjcif;/ ('D? 3? yg? 208)

(3) t&[wzdkvfudk qdkufa&mufNyD;wJhewfom;&JU w&m;pum; udk rMum;em&&ifvJ? "ruxduewfom;wpfOD;OD;&JUpum;udkMum;em&vkdY rdrdusihfvmwJhtusihfawGukd qifjcifrdwJhtcg w&m;xl;ukd&Ekdifygw,f/ (4) "r u xd u ewf o m;&J U pum;uk d rMum;em&&if v nf ; a&S;OD;pGmjzpfaeESihfwJh ewfom;u aemufrSjzpfvmwJh ewfom;ukd a&S;u usihfvmcJhwJh tusihfawGukd atmufarhckdif;vkdY atmufarhowd&kHeJYyJ w&m;xl;ukd &Ekiygw,fvYdk okwef yd#uwf? t*Fw&edum,ygVdawmfrm d f k S azmfjyyg&Sd ygw,f/ w&m;emMum;&jcif ; tusKd ; (5) yg; 1/ rMum;bl;ao;onfukd Mum;em&jcif;/ 2/ Mum;bl;onfukd pifMu,fapjcif;/ 3/ ,kHrSm;uif;aysmufjcif;/ 4/ t,lukdajzmifhrwfapjcif;/ 5/ pdwfMunfvifjcif;wkYdjzpfygw,f/
Five advantages of hearing the Dhamma 1. To hear what one has never heard, 2. To stengthen one's knowledge through repeated hearing, 3. To remove one's doubts, 4. Rectification of one's belief, 5. Purification/ Peace of mind.

Seven Treasures of the Virtuous Persons 1. Saddha - fait, 2. S1la - morality, 3. Hir1 - moral shame, 4. Ottappa - moral dread, 5. Suta - knowledge, 6. Caga - generosity, 7. Paa - wisdom.

jrwf p G m bk & m;a[mMum;awmf r l a om w&m;"r w&m;"r q k d o nf r S m jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f 45 0gywf v k H ; a[mMum;awmf r l c J h a om ok w e f ? 0d e nf ; ? tbd " r m wnf ; [l a om ygVdyd#uwfawmfwkdYukd qkdvkdygw,f/ xkdw&m;"rwdkYwGif jrwfpGm bk&m;ocifonf avmukw&mw&m; 9 yg; (10yg;) jzpfonfh r*fav;wef? zkdvfav;wef? edAmef+y&dowfwkdYukd a[mMum;awmfrlonfESihf tnD ol a wmf a umif ; w&m; (7) yg; if;olawmfaumif;w&m;(7)yg;ukd oyK&do"r (okdYr[kwf) vkdufem usihfBuHtm;xkwfaom yk*Kdvfukd oyK&dordwfaqGjrwf[k ac:qkdMuNyD; ygVdbmom tm;jzihf uvsmPrdwvkdY ac:qkdMuygw,f/ o'rw&m;[lvnf; ac:ygw,f/ d f d d 1/ o'g = &wemjrwf 3 yg;ESihf uH? uH\tusKd; ukd ,kHMunf if;yk*K vwYdk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwMf uwJh w&m;"r ukvnf; oyK&o"rw&m;? okdYr[kwf o'r w&m;vkdY ac:qkdMuygw,f/ jcif;/ 2/ [d&D = raumif ; rI ' k p k d u f w &m;wd k Y jyKusih f & rnf uk d Preached by the Buddha throught out his life-time. &Sufjcif;/ Dhamma means all the dhamma included in the Suttanta, 3/ Mowy = raumif;rI'kpkdufw&m;wkdYukd jyKusihf &rnfukd Vinaya and Abhidhamma Pitakas preached by the Buddha aMumufvefYjcif;/ throughtout his life-time of forty-five years, nine (ten) dhammas 4/ okw = pmayusrf;*efA[kokwESHYpyfuRrf;usif jcif;/ (four Maggas+ four Phalas+ Nibbana+ Pariyatti) and all the 5/ 0D&d, = uk o d k v f a umif ; rI t wG u f vk H Y v pk d u f BuKd ; pm; dhammas practised by the Virtuous ones, that is, Sappurisadhamma (in Pali), Sappurisa pugala means noble man. tm;xkwfjcif;/ 6/ owd = ukokdvfaumif;rIrsm;ukd atmufarh owd&jcif;/ His practised dhamma is Sappurisadhamma or Saddhamma. 7/ ynm = ukodkvf tukodkvfwdkYukd ykdif;jcm; odjrifEkdifpGrf; uvsmPrd w - oy K &d o ac: rd w f a qG j rwf aom todPf&Sdjcif;/ xkdoyK&doac: rdwfaqGjrwfukd uvsmPrdw[k ac:qkdyg ('D? 3? yg? 208? tH? &? yg? 398-399) w,f/ tJ'DuvsmP rdw&JU t*Fg&yfrsm;uawmh1/ oDv = ukd,fusihfoDv&Sdjcif;/ Seven Dhammas of the Virtuous Ones (Sappurisa Dhamma/ 2/ orm"d = NidrfoufwnfMunfjcif;/ Saddhamma) = kyf? emrf? y#dporkyg'fw&m;wdkYukd odjcif;/ 1. Saddha - Faith in the Triple Gem, and Kamma & its 3/ ynm effects, 4/ "r'ge = opmav;yg;? bm0emw&m;wkdYukd a[mMum;Ekdif 2. Hir1 - Moral shame in doing unwholesome things, jcif;/ 3. Ottappa - Moral dread in doing unwholesome things, 5/ ay,s0gpm = vkdufemzG,faompum;wkdYukd qkdwwfjcif;/ 4. Suta - Possession of vest knowledge, 6/ twp&d,m = olwyg;aumif;usKd;ukd usihfokH;Ekdifjcif;/ 5. Viriya - Sastained/ strong effort, 7/ ormewwm = rdrdESihfwlnDaom tusKd;w&m;ukdjzpfapEkdifjcif; 6. Sati - Apparent/ distinct mindfulness, 7. Paa - Possession of wisdom. [l uvsmPrdwt*Fg (7)yg;&Sdygw,f/ ol a wmf a umif ; Op m (7) yg;

TERAVADA PERSPECTIVE
"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/
Kalyanamitta; Noble friend Noble friend, a friend who possesses the noble qualities of;1. Sila - observance of moral precepts; 2. Samadhi - equanimity; 3. Paa - Knowledge of the law of dependent origination and the nature of mind and matter; 4. Dhammadama - ability to expound on the doctrinal conceptsl; - 5. Peyyavaca - ability to give good counsel; 6. Atthacariya - altruistic propensity; 7. Samanatthata - treating someone as oneself.

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ynm&S d o l a wmf a umif ; wk d Y \ tqk d t rd e f Y r sm; ]]cGJa0pdwfjzm? tcgrSwfom;? odaom tm;jzihf? w&m;aypm? rSwfem&jcif;}} tJ'Dvkd rkHa&G;q&mawmfbk&m;u ]umave"romupm}? ]umave"r0e} r*FvmawG&JUoabmukd rdefYqkdawmfrlygw,f/ teuf t "d y m ,f u cG J p d w f a 0zef owf r S w f x m;&S d w J h tcsdeftcgukd odjrifem;vnf wJhtaeeJY oifhavsmfavsmufywfwJhtcgrSm om w&m;pum;? pmpum;ukd aqG;aEG;ar;jref; rSwfom;wm[m umave"r omupmr*FvmrnfNyD;? tJ'Dw&m;pum; pmpum;ukd emMum; rSwom;rI[m umave"r0er*Fvmrnfygw,fvYdk qkvjdk cif; f d jzpfygw,f/ umave"r o mup m oifhwifhavsmufywfaomtcg w&m;"rar;jref;aqG;aEG; Mujcif;ukd umave "r omupm vkdYac:ygw,f/
Kalenadhammasakiccha Auspiciousness of engaging in Buddhist philosophical disscussions at suitable times.

NzD ; ck d i f p k H a ygif ; ? *k P f e H Y a vS m if ; onh f ? ol a umif ; w&m;? wpf B ud r f M um;u? rS w f o m;pd p d ? em;rod v nf ; ? a&muf b d e wf & G m / (okwaomr) tav;tyif? pum;vGifukd? aysmf&Tif &,f[uf? ajymonf xufum;? rxGufoHajc? qdwfqdwfaerl? uka#qyGm;? tusKd;rsm;\? pum;ryGuf? aeonhfxufwkH? wpfcsufAk'H? "rHoHCmrf;? o&Prf;ESihf? xyfrr;f arwm? bm0emur|mef;? wpfce;f cGe;f uk?d pD;jzef;ygrd? pdwr&Svnf;? G G f d rod E k d i f a tmif ? tusKd ; aqmif \ ? em;axmif r d u m? oH a wmf o muk d ? cEmkyfemrf? rSwfMua0cGJ? rodbJvsuf? vGefuJusKd;a&muf? tHavmufxif xif? jzpfusiavjim;? vif;Ekom;wk?Yd jyefym;bke;f pnf? xufewfjynf0,f? f Yd Y G usif v nf N yD ; rS ? r*f z k d v f & ? ok c atmif a jr? a&muf z l ; av[k ? oufaoqwfqwf? onforwvsu?f Munfwf pdwxuf? w&m;eufu?dk Ydk S f G f pkHrufrNiD;? o'gNzD;? aumif;csD;jimapukef ownf;/ ("r&moD) raumif;pm;xkduf? 'kpkdufESihf? vlrkduf wkdYrSm? rkef;zkdYomwnf;? axmif&mru? rkd;BuD;csokdY qkH;rwyJ? csif;Mum;xJESihf? aomifoJay:wGif? a&rwifodkY? tjrifenf;yg;? vlrkdufem;? w&m; b,fcg? rwnf&mbl;? rdpmzsif;okef;? w&m;rkef;u? ysufjyKef;aMumif;om? rcRwfpGmwnfh? ormpifppf? w&m;cspfrl? qef;opfvES,f? yGm;pD;u,f&Sifh/ (rCa'0)
To be patient; To be obedient; To meet with holy persons; To lesson to the Dhamma at proper time; This is the Noblest Blessing.

"r 0 D & -oE m atmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & max&0g'Ak ' o moemjyK wu o d k v f ? &ef u k e f /

umave"r 0e oif h a vsmf a vsmuf y wf a omtcg w&m;pum; pmpum; Mum;emrSwfom;Mujcif; r*Fvm/

Kalenadhammassavana Auspiousness of listening to sermons on the doctrine.

vdiMf unfjzL"r0&pmaywkuEihf I D d f S 'D*spw,fpmMunfwurS f h dk f jzefcsxwa0vkuNf yD Y d k f d

1/ "r0D&\ "roHpOfrsm; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESihf wuodkvfoQifoD&d) (Nidrf;csrf;OD;) ('kwd,tBudrf) (wuodkvfoQifoD&d) 4/ q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif\ pmayaumufEkwfcsufpmpk ("ry') (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESifh pkd;jrifhvwf) 5/ oEdokcokdY avScg;ckepfoG,f 6/ Ak',Ofaus;rI&wem 7/ olawmfaumif;wkdYtvSLay;enf; 8/ a*gyuESifh Ak'b@mawmf (wuokdvfoQifoD&d) t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY) t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY) (wuodkvfoQifoD&d)

w&m;pum; pmpum; emMum;&jcif ; aMumih f rd z k & m;u yl q m? w&m;emvk d ? [oF m nD a emif u d k aqmif a pojzih f ? a&muf v Qif jynh f & S i f aoXf e if ; ? rif ; rd z k & m;? jynfom;jynfae? emrSwf ap? aourMum? ewf&GmrSmcsnf;? waygif; wnf;pH&/ (rkHa&G;q&mawmf)/ oljrwfwdkYxH? emcHw&m;? avQmufxm; ar;jcif;? tjyKysif;u? nHhzsif;ynm? EkHYxkdif;pGm\? Mum;em"r? okwaqGppf? usKd;jypfta&;? avQmufar;wwfpGm? olwumrl? ynmus,feuf? Pfxufjruf\/ (rCa'0) tvGef,kwfjim;? 'Gef;p@m;\? w&m;ukdrQ? usKd;&SduvQif? c,kdao? emtyfay/ (okwaomr)

2/ jzwfoef;csdefed'gef;ESihf yxrydkif;

3/ urmhvlom;rsm;ukd;uG,f&m bmomBuD;rsm;ESifh 0g't,ltqrsm;

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rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

"r0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/ ]]rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;}} &Sd&r,f/ twGif;u udk,fwkdifu ]]rSefuefwJh ESvHk;oGif;w&m;}} &Sd& r,f/ tJ'DESpfckaygif;pyfrdNyDqdk&if aumif;usdK; csrf;omawG &Edkifw,f/ tjyeftm;jzihf em;vnf&rSmu tjyif bufu rdwaumif;aqGaumif;r&Sb;l ? raumif; f d wJh rdwfaqG&Sdw,f/ udk,fudk,fwdkifuvnf; a,medaomreodum&vdkYac:wJh rSefuefpGm awG;awmqifjcifwwfrI r&Sb;l qdv&&if tusKd ; d k Ykd dS qkw,wvrr,fayhg/ f k f d hf 'g raumif;usKd ;awGukd jzpfz[mvnf; Ykd yJ tajccH 'DtaMumif;w&m;awGyJ/ aumif;wm awGU&zdkY[mvnf; tajccHtm;jzihf 'DtaMumif; ESpfckyJ/ twGif;eJYtjyiftaMumif;w&m; ESpf&yf aygif;pyfNyD;wJhtcgusawmhrS ]]rdpm'd|djzpfrI? orm'd|djzpfrI}} eJY ywfoufNyD;awmhvJ jrwfpGm bk&m;u 'DvkdyJ a[mxm;wm&Sdw,f/ rd p m 'd | d j zpf r I e J Y or m 'd | d j zpf r I erlem,lzdkYtwGuf us,fus,fjyefYjyefY em;vnfzdkYtwGufyg vlwpfa,muf tawG;t ac:awG rSm;oGm;atmif? t,ltqawG rSm;oGm; atmif rSm;,Gi;f wJtawG;tac:awG&oGm;atmif h taMumif; b,fESpfrsdK;&SdvJ qdk&if (2)rsdK;&Sd w,fw/ hJ eHygwf (1) u ]]y&awmaCmo}} wpfbufu a[majymydkYcswJhtoHawGu 'g tjyifbufutaMumif;w&m;yJ/ twGi;f ydi;f qdif k k &m taMumif;w&m;u (2) ]]ta,medaom k f kd f f S f reodum&}} ud,wiu rSereuefuef qifjcif ESv;kH oGi;f rIr&Sb;l ? tjyifbufuvnf; rrSeuef d f wJh a[majymcsufawGudk em;axmif&w,f/ udk,hf&JUtwGif;ESvHk;oGif;rIuvnf; rSefuefrIr&Sdbl;qdk&if 'Dyk*dKvfu ]]rdpm'd|d}} jzpf oGm;wmyJ/ 'g rdpm'd|djzpfjcif;taMumif;yJ/ twGi;f taMumif;eJY tjyiftaMumif;wdYk twlwl yJ/ orm'd|reuefwhJ tjrifwpfc&zdqwhJ ae&m d S f k Yk kd rSmvnf; twGif;taMumif;eJY tjyiftaMumif; ESpfck aygif;pyfxm;wmyJ/ ]]y&awmaCmo}} rSefrSefuefuef a[majymydkYcswJh w&m;"rtoHudk Mum;em &wmu tjyif t aMumif ; ? a,med a om reod u m& tod Pf e J Y qif j cif p Of ; pm; Ed k i f r I u twG i f ; taMumif ; tJ ' D t aMumif ; ESpfckaygif;pyfvdkufwJhtcg orm'd|dvdkYac: wJh rSefuefwJh tjrifwpfck &&SdvmEdkifw,f/ t&S i f o m&d y k w & maomwmyef j zpf y H k t&Siom&dyw&mrax&fjrwf &[Em f k jzpfoGm;wmyJMunhfOD;/ olYzmomoljzpfoGm;wm r[kwfbl;/ t&Sifom&dykw&mtavmif;[m rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;r&vdkY? yifudk,ftaet xm;u tifrwefrS PfxufwJh yk*dKvfyJ/ &[ef;jzpfvmrS Pfxufwmr[kwfbl;/ arG; uwnf;u Intelligent. PfynmxufwJh yk*Kd vy/ odaomf tjyifbuftaMumif;wpfcvkd f J Yk k aeonhftwGufaMumifh trSefw&m;udk vkduf&Sm wm tawmfMumatmif trSew&m;udk rawGUEdif f k bl;/ Munfh...bmaMumifhvJ/ twGif;t aMumif;&Sdaomfvnf; tjyiftaMumif;w&m;u taxmuftyHhray;ao;bl;/ t&SiftZdeJY awGUwJhtcgusawmh Ak'0g'udk tusOf;csKyfav; &Sif;jyvkdufw,f/ ]]a, "r m a[wk y b 0g? awoH a[wH k wxm*awm}} obm0w&m;awG[m taMumif;udk tajccHjzpfwJhw&m;awG&JUtaMumif;&if; tppf trSeuvnf; jrwfpmbk&m;u a[mw,f/ tJ'D f kd G taMumif ; w&m;awG csKyf N id r f ; oG m ;vd k Y & S d & if tusd K ;w&m;awG csKyf N id r f ; oG m ;w,f q d k w m vnf;yJ jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mw,f/ csKyf N id r f ; wJ h e nf ; vrf ; awG u d k v nf ; a[mw,fvdkY opmav;yg;udk tusOf;csKyfav; ajymvkdufwm ]]'kueJY ork',}} 'D (2) ckav; emvkduf&wmeJY Munhf.. t&Sifom&dykw&m tavmif;[m aomwmyefjzpfoGm;w,f/ ]y&awmaCmo} vdkYac:wJh rSefuef wJh w&m;oHu jyifytaMumif;w&m;/ rdrdudk,f u todPf&w,f? rSereuefuefpOf;pm;wwf dS f S f w,fqdkwJh ]a,medaomreodum&} twGif; taMumif;w&m;/ External Condition eJY Internal Condition. tcsdK;nDnDaygif;pyfvkdufwJh tcg aomwmyef t qih f a &muf o G m ;wm/ oHo,awG uif;oGm;w,f/ rSefuefwJh tjrif wpfck&oGm;w,f/ tJ'gqdv&&if rdwaumif;aqGaumif; k Ykd dS f [m b,favmufta&;Bu;D w,fqwm rxif&m; kd S aybl;vm;/ oHo&mc&D;rSm avQmufvSrf;aeMuwJh yk*Kd vawGtwGuf rdwaumif;aqGaumif;qdwm f f k tifrwefrS ta&;BuD;w,f/ rdwfaumif;aqG aumif;ta&;BuD;ovdk rdrdudk,fwdkifuvnf; ]]a,medaomreodum&}} Wise attention. vdkYac:wJh rSefrSefuefuef pOf;pm;wwfrIqdkwJh ud,yitodPf&zuvnf; vdtyfao;w,f k f kd f dS Ykd k aemf/ tJ'DtajctaeESpf&yf [efcsufnDnD rdrwoEmefrm &SNd yqvQif avmuBu;D yGm;a&;yJ d Ykd S D kd

BuD ; yG m ;wk d ; wuf z d k Y t*F g (2) &yf jrwfpGmbk&m;u BuD;yGm;wdk;wufzdkY twGuft*Fg (2) csuf azmfjyxm;wm&Sdw,f/ avmuoHo&mESpfjzm BuD;yGm;a&; twGuf (1) rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;&Sd&r,f/ 'gu tjyifzufutaMumif;w&m;vdac:w,f/ Yk External Condition aygh / tjyif z uf u taMumif;w&m;/ aemufwpfcku (2) a,medaomre odum&? rSereuefuef ESv;kH oGi;f qifjcifwwfr?I f S f 'DtwGi;f taMumif;w&m;vnf; vdtyfw,fw/ k hJ tjyiftaMumif;awGu b,favmuf aumif;aumif; a,medaomreodum&qdkwJh Internal Condition raumif;bl;qdk&ifvnf; BuD;yGm;wdk;wufrI r&Edkifbl;/ twGif;? tjyif bufpHkvdktyfw,fvdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;u a[m w,f/ twG i f ; eJ Y t jyif t aMumif ; (2) ck ae&mwki;f ae&mwki;f rSm jrwfpmbk&m; d d G [m taMumif;udk ESpcEpck a[mavh&ygw,f/ f k S f dS aoaocsmcsm owdxm;Munhf&if odEdkifw,f/
External Condition- Internal Condition

tjyifzufutaMumif;w&m;? twGif;zufu taMumif;w&m;/ twGif;eJYtjyif 'DESpfckaygif;pyfNyD;rS xkwfvkyfvdkY&w,f/ 'g odyfobm0usw,f/ avmurSmvnf; 'Dtwkdif;yJav/ qdygpd../ bke;f Bu;D wdwpfawG aeYpOf k Yk Yk pm;aewJtpmtm[m&yJMunhav/ cEmud,xJ h f k f u usef;rmrIqdkwJh uHaMumihfjzpfwJh MoZmvdkY ac:&wJh tm[m&kyfu tajctaeaumif;zdkY vdw,f/ k tjyifbufu pm;vdkufwJhtpmxJrSm ygvmwJh A[d'MoZm? tJ'guvnf;aumif;zdkY vdkw,f/ tZwMoZm Internal nutriment. A[d'MoZm External nutriment. tJ'DESpfck aygif ; pyf v k d u f w J h t cgusawmh cE m ud k , f & J U vdktyfcsufawGudk jznhfqnf;ay;Edkifw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY ]]tjyiftpm;tpm vnf; vdtyfw,f/ twGi;f u use;f rma&;tajc k taeaumif;zdkYvnf; vdktyfw,f}} vdkY usef;rm a&; tajctaeraumif;wJh yk*Kdvukd b,favmuf f zdauR;aeae wdk;wufvmrSmr[kwfzl;aemf/ at;..tJ'gaMumifrvYkd twGi;f tjyif h Ykd qd k w m ae&mwumrS m vd k t yf w ,f q d k w m tifrwefrS vufawGUusw,fvdkY jrwfpGmbk&m; uvnf; 'Dtwdkif; a[mwmyJ/ tjyifbufu

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/ vkyvy/ oHo&mBu;D yGm;a&;yJvyvyf edAmefukd f k f k f k rsuarsmufjyKzYkd w&m;"ryusiusihf 'Dy*Kd v[m f J fh k f atmifjrifrSm aocsmw,f/ tJ ' D a wmh bk e f ; BuD ; wd k Y w pf a wG u tusKd ;udk vdcsiv&&if taMumif;udk qnf;yl;& k f Ykd dS w,f/ tusKd ;udk rSe;f arQmNf y;D awmh taMumif;w&m; udk em;rvnfbl;qdk&if &yghrvm;? r&bl;/ tvif;a&mifvdkcsifvdkY&Sd&if vQyfppfrD;jzpfap? za,mif;wdir;D jzpfap wpfcck xGe;f &r,frvm;/ k f k Ykd tvif;a&mifBu;D yJ ,lv&wmr[kwb;l / tvif; Ykd f &jcif;&JUtaMumif;wpfckudk &SmazG&wmyJ/ xd k Y t wl y J aumif ; usd K ;csrf ; omud k &csifNyDqdkvdkY&Sd&if aumif;usdK;csrf;om&EdkifwJh taMumif;w&m;awG vkyfzdkYvdkw,f/ rvkyfbJeJY xdkifaevdkYawmh bmrSjzpfrvmbl;/ avmuvlawG Munfhav... rsufpd u aumif;wm? vSwmav;? ESpfoufp&mav; jrifvkdufvdkY&Sd&if ]][,f..r*Fvm&Sdvkdufwm}} ajymMuw,frvm;/ em;u om,mwJtoHav; Ykd h Mum;vkduf&ifvJ ]][,f..r*Fvm&Sdvkdufwm}}/ 'g.. 'DuaeY avmuvlawG jrifaeMuwJh r*Fvmaemf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u tJ'Dvdkr[kwfbl;/ aumif;wmav; jrifwmeJY r*Fvm&Sdw,fvdkY ra[mbl;/ aumif;wJtoHav;Mum;&HeYJ r*Fvm h k &Sdw,fvdkY ra[mbl;/ r*Fvm&Sdw,fqdkwm vlrdkufudk raygif;wmyJ r*Fvm&Sdw,f/ ynm&Sd vlolawmfaumif;udk aygif;oif;qufqHwmvJ r*Fvm&Sdw,fvdkYqdkwm (38) jzm r*Fvmw&m; udk a[moGm;wmrSeforQ taMumif;w&m;awG csnf;yJ/ 'gawGvkyfzdkY ajymwmaemf/ vkyf&rSmeJY rvkyf&rSm 'DESpfckyJ ajymoGm;w,f/ ]]tm&wD 0d & wD ygyg? rZ y gemp oH , arm}} rvky&r,h[mawGukd ajymxm;w,f f f aemf/ tm&wD 0d&wD ygyg- raumif;wmawG a&SmifwJh/ rZygemp oH,arm- t&ufaopm bD,m? 'gawG raomufeJYwJh/ a[m..ud,u 'gawG rjzwfEib;l / k f kd f r*Fvm &Sdyhgrvm;? r&SdEdkifbl;/ r*Fvmqdkwm bmvJ q d k & if b0rS m atmif j rif B uD ; yG m ;rI e J Y csr;f omokc&&Sru r*FvmyJ/ tJ'r*FvmawGukd d I D &csif&if r*Fvm&aMumif;w&m;awGudk qnf;yl; tm;xk w f y gvd k Y ajymcsif w ,f / ck ' D r S m vJ y J rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;qdkwm taMumif;w&m; wpfckyJ/ rd w f a umif ; aqG a umif ; &J U wef z d k ; rdwaumif;? aqGaumif;eJY ywfoufNy;D f awmh wpfcgwkef;u..oH,kwedum,f? okwef wpfckrSm t&SiftmeEm rax&fjrwfu pOf;pm; Munhfw,f/ t&SiftmeEm pOf;pm;yHku avmu vl a wG pOf ; pm;yH k e J Y w l w ,f / avmuvl a wG pOf;pm;wm b,fvdkpOf;pm;vJqdk&if at;.. q&morm;uvnf; oifwmyJ/ 'gayr,fh igudk,fwdkifvnf; BudK;pm; w,f? tJ'awmh q&morm;&JU taxmuftyHu D h (50) &mcdiEe;f / igud,wif BuKd ;pm;wmu (50) k f I k f kd &mcdkifEIef;/ igh&JUatmifjrifBuD;yGm;rIrSm q&meJY ig[m (50+ 50) yJvdkY 'Dvdkajymwm/ rajymbl; vm;/ 'Dvajymavh&MdS uw,faemf/ t&SitmeEm kd f vnf; 'Dvdkajymw,f/ wpfcgwkef;u t&SiftmeEmawG;wm [m avmuvlom;awGawG;yHkeJY oGm;wlw,f/ olb,fvdkavQmufvJqdkawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;udk t&Sifbk&m;wJh ]]a[m'D jA[p&d,- jrwfaom tusihf usihfEdkifzdkY? edAmefcsrf;omudk rsufarSmuf jyKEd k i f z d k Y q d k w J h u d p r S m uvsmPrd w q d k w J h rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;[m wpf0ufavmuf tusdK;jyKEdkifygw,fwJh/ bk&m;udkavQmufw,f/ (50) yJ/ &mEIef;jynhfr[kwfbl;? &mEIef; (50)/ olu awG;w,fav..q&morm; awGu oifay;w,f? &mEIef; (50)/ igudk,fwdkif BudK;pm;wmu &mEIef; (50) wJh? 'DvdkawG;w,f/ 'gu avmuvlom;awG awG;wJhtawG;yJ/ rd w f a qG a umif ; wef z d k ; &mEI e f ; (100) t&SitmeEmu tJ'vavQmufawmh f D kd jrwfpGmbk&m;u rdefYw,f/ ]]tmeEm? tJ'Dvdk rajymeJY}} wJh ]]rif;ajymwm rrSefbl;? r[kwf bl;}} wJh/ jrwf a omtusih f u d k usih f N yD ; aom xl;jcm;wJhw&m;"rudk &w,fqdkwm[m &mEIef; (100) tjynh/ rdwaumif;aqGaumif;&JU tusKd ; f f jyKrIyJwJh/ rdwaumif;aqGaumif;u b,favmuf f ta&;BuD;w,fqdkwm odomygw,f/ jrwfpGm bk&m;u bmtaxmuftxm;jywkef;qdkvdkY&Sd&if ]]uJ..rif; pOf;pm;Munhf tmeEm? igbk&m; ryGifhbl;qdkvdkY&Sd&if tckvdkw&m;awG odcGifh &yhgrvm;}}/ r&ygbl;/ bk&m;yGihfvdkY? w&m;a[mvdkY 'gawGudk od & wmqd k a wmh 'D o d & wJ h t od t m;vH k ; [m tukefvHk; bk&m;tay:rSm &mEIef;tjynfhvdkY qdk vdkwmaemf/ t&Siom&dyw&mrax&fjrwfuvnf; f k Munhfav...oludk,fwdkif? rao&mw&m;udk vku&maewm/ odaomf rdwaumif;aqGaumif; d f S Yk f

17

udk &SmrawGUEdionhtwGuaMumihf ]trw} qdk k f f f wJh w&m;udk &Smwm&SmvdrawGUbl;/ t&SitZd Yk f eJY awGUwJhtcgusrS ]]trw}} w&m;awmfudk awGUw,f/ 'g[m &mEIef;jynhf t&SiftZd&JU tusdK;jyKrIayhg/ tu,f t&SitZd rygbl;qdvYkd f k &Sd&if vHk;0rodEdkifbl;ayhg/ tJ'Dawmh jrwfpGm bk&m;u...rdwfaqGaumif;[m &mEIef;jynhf tusdK;jyKw,fvdkY t&SiftmeEmudk a[mawmfrl w,f/ igbk&m; ryGib;l qkv&&ifwhJ igbk&m; hf d Ykd dS &JU w&m;rem&vdkY&Sd&if oHo&m0#fqif;&JxJrSm 'kua&mufaeMuwJhyk*dKvfawG Zmwdw&m;u vnf ; rvG w f E d k i f b l ; / r&Pw&m;uvnf ; rvGwfEdkifbl;/ bk&m;ajymMum;wJhw&m;udk em& wJhtwGufaMumifh &mEIef;jynhf tusdK;jyKygw,f/ okwewpfcrm t&Siom&dyw&mu 'Dpum;rsKd ; f k S f k udk jrwfpGmbk&m;udk avQmufzl;w,f/ t&S i f o m&d y k w & mqd k w muawmh jrwfpmbk&m;Ny;D &if Pfynmtxufq;kH yk*Kd v/ G f oljrifwmu jrwfpGmbk&m;jrifovdkyJjrifw,f/ avmuvlom;awGvdk rjrifbl;/ ]]jrwfaom tusih f u d k usif h z d k Y ? w&m;xl ; w&m;jrwf & zd k Y qdkwJhae&mrSm uvsmPrdw[m vHk;0&mEIef; jynh f tusd K ;jyKygw,f b k & m;}} vd k Y jrwf p G m bk&m;udk avQmufawmh..jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]rSef w,f}} vdkY 'Dvdkajymwm okwef (2) ck&Sdw,f/ tJ'gudk axmufvkdufr,fqdkvdkY&Sd&if edAmefudk rsufarSmufjyKzdkYta&;[m uvsmP rdwqdkwJh rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;&SdzdkY b,f avmufta&;BuD;ovJ/ tifrwefrS ta&;BuD; w,fvdkY ajymygw,faemf/ tJ'v.. edAmefcsr;f omvdk vufvr;f D kd S rrSwoo&m0#fu vGwajrmufwhJ csr;f omokc D hJ H f rsKd ;awmif uvsmPrdw[m ta&;Bu;D ao;w,f/ 'D a vmuf t a&;ygwJ h u d p a wmif uvsmPrdwyg&ao;w,f/ omrefavmuDa&; udpawGrSmvnf; uvsmPrdw[m tusdK;jyK r,fqdkwm tifrwefrS xif&Sm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh rd k v d k Y rd w f a umif ; aqG a umif ; &S d z d k Y vd k w ,f / rdwaumif;aqGaumif;&Szvw,fqwm tm;vH;k f d Ykd kd kd u vufcHw,f/ rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;aygif; oif;&r,fvdkY todPf&SdwJhvlwdkif;u vufcH w,f/ odkYaomf udk,faygif;aewJh rdwfaqG onf ]]wu,frdwfaumif;vm;? aqGaumif; vm;}} qdkwm vlwdkif;rodEdkifbl;/ rdwfaumif; xifNyD; aygif;oif;qufqHaeMuwmawG trsm;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

18

"r0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ tJ'Dawmh rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;eJY ywfoufNyD;awmh tuJcwfvdkY&wJhtajctae av;awGudk jrwfpGmbk&m;u a[mxm;wm&Sd w,f/ eHygwf (1) u ]]'k''H ''gwd}} wJh/ vTwfNyD;awmh ay;wwfvdkY&Sd&if 'grdwfaumif; aqGaumif;yJ/ (2) ]]'ku&H ua&mwd}} omref yk*dKvfawGvkyfzdkY rvG,fEdkifbl;. vkyfEdkifcJwJh t&mudkyJ vkyfay;w,fqdkvdkY&Sd&if rdwfaumif; aqGaumif;yJwJh/ 'g[m b,favmufcJ,Of; w,fqdkwmawmh twkdif;twmwpfckayhgaemf/ aemufwpfcku (3) ]]'kurH crwd}} wJh/ wu,hfonf;cHEdkifcJwJht&m omrefyk*dKvf awG onf;rcHEdkifbl;/ onf;cHEdkifcJwJht&mudkyJ onf;cHwwfw,fq&if 'grdwaumif;aqGaumif; kd f yJ/ rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;eJYywfoufNyD;awmh 'DrdwokwfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;u t*Fg&yfuav; awGudk xkwfNyD;awmh a[mxm;wm/ aemuf...'kua&mufvmwJtcgrSm h pGefYNyD;awmh roGm;&bl;? tJ'gvnf; rdwfaumif; aqGaumif;yJ/ tckavmurSm trsm;qHk;u &mxl;av;&S&if aygif;Muw,f? yduqav;&S&if d k f H d aygif;Muw,f/ &mxl;vJusoGm;a&m rjrifcsif a,mif aqmifoGm;a&m/ qif;&JrGJaw? a'0gvD cHom;wmeJY wpfNyKd ieuf rjrifcsia,mif aqmif G f f oGm;w,f/ [kwfuJhvm;../ tJ'taetxm;rsKd ;qdawmh vltrsm; D k pkudk ajymwmyg/ trsm;pkonf &mxl;udkaygif; wm/ trsm;pkonf aiGaMu;"eudkaygif;wm/ 'DyHkpHrsdK;jzpfw,fayhg/ 'g avmuBuD ; &J U obm0ud k u 'Dtwdkif;yJ/ tJ'Dvdk rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;jzpf zdkYqdkwm tifrwefrSta&;BuD;w,f/ udk,fwkdif uvnf; rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;jzpfzdkYvdkw,f/ (4) ]]tmy'gok Z[wd}} 'kua&muf aewJ h t csd e f r S m pG e f Y N yD ; roG m ;bl ; wJ h / tJ h ' g rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;udkajymwm/ rdwfaumif;aqGaumif; ryDooludk raygif;eJY i,fi,fwkef;u ykHjyifav;wpfck zwf &w,f/ tifrwefrS rSwfom;p&maumif;wJh yH k j yif a v;wpf c k y J / ol i ,f c sif ; ES p f a ,muf awmtk y f B uD ; wpf c k u d k jzwf o ef ; oG m ;w,f / wpfa,mufuvufeufygvmw,f/ wpf a ,muf u rygbl ; / vuf e uf y gwJ h v l u bmajym vJ qdawmh 'Dae&m rSm qifyawGUawGU? k J usm;yJ a wG U awG U ? bmaumif y J awG U awG U igumuG , f E d k i f w ,f a yh g / b,f t aumif rS raMumufbl;wJh/ olu 'Dvdkajymw,f/ ajymvdkY rS rqH;k ao;bl;? vrf;auGUwpfauGUrSm 0uf0BH u;D bGm;ueJay:vmw,f/ 0uf0BH u;D udvJ awGUvkuf k d a&m tJ'vu opfyiftay:wufajy;ygava&m/ h D l vufeufrygwJholi,fcsif;udk 'Dtwdkif; ypfxm; cJhNyD; udk,fvGwfkef; xGufajy;oGm;w,f/ oli,fcsif;vkyfwJholu wdrf;zdkY tcsdef r&awmhb;l / tJ'awmh oltoufukd olumuG,f h D Y wJtaeeJY vSNJ y;D awmh? tdyvuNf y;D awmh touf h f dk rIatmifcsKyNf y;D taoa,mifaqmifNy;D aevduf k &w,f/ ajy;zdkYtcsdefr&vkdufbl;/ tJh'DtcsdefrSm 0uf0BH u;D u tem;em;vmNy;D awmh acgif;udk vQm eJYvsufw,f/ [dkerf;'Derf;vkyfw,fayhg/ tJh'g rvIyf&Jbl;/ toufvnf; rSL&Jbl;? Nidrfae& w,f/ vIyfvkduf&ifawmh udkufrSmaocsmw,f/ tJ'Dvdk NidrfaewJhtcgusawmh 0uf0H BuD;u vufeJY [dkbufuykwfMunhf? 'Dbufu ykwfMunhf? taoBuD;yJqdkNyD;awmh 0uf0HBuD;u olYvrf;olavQmufoGm;w,f/ 0uf0HBuD; xGuf oGm;NyDqdkawmhrS [dkaoewfeJYaumifu opfyif ay:u qif;vmw,f/ qif;vmNy;D awmh ]]oli,f csi;f ? rif;udk 0uf0BH u;D u wd;k wd;k wd;k wd;k eJY bmajym oGm;wmwke;f }} ar;owJ/ [dvuajymw,f ]]at; h k l 0uf0BH u;D u ihgem;em;uyfajymoGm;wm rdwaqG f oli,fcsi;f ryDowJh aumifrsKd ;eJY aemifb,fawmh rS raygif;eJYwJh}} tJ'Dvdk ajymoGm;w,f/ ta&;BuKH vmNyq&if ESpO;D yl;aygif;Ny;D D kd f ckcHr,frvkyfbJeJY ]]tJ'Dvdk udk,fvGwfkef;oGm; wJh taumifrsdK;udk b,fawmhrS raygif;eJY}} vdYk 0uf0BH u;D u olurmoGm;w,fvYkd ajymowJ/ Y kd S h ]]tmy'gok e Z[wd}} 'kuBuHKvm wJh tcgrSm pGeNYf y;D awmhom;wmrsKd ; rjzpf&bl;wJ/ G h tJ'g rdwaumif;aqGaumif;yJ/ bk&m;a[mxm; f wJh rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;yJ/ aygif ; &r,h f q&morm;aumif ; at;..q&morm;awGeYJ ywfoufNy;D ay;xm;wJh rdwaumif;aqGaumif; t*Fg&yfawG f u bmwkef;qdk&if]]yd a ,m *k bm0eD a ,m? 0w m p 0peu a rm}} tifrwefrS ta&;Bu;D w,f/ q&mxif Ny;D ud;k uG,r,fq&if tJ't&nftaoG;awG &S^ f kd D d r&Sd Munh&r,fw/ rdwaumif;aqGaumif;qdwm f hJ f k (1) ]]yda,m}} cspfcifav;pm;avmuf wJh oDv? orm"d? ynmt&nftaoG;awG &Sd& r,f/ cspfciftyfwJhtaetxm;rsdK;&Sd&JUvm;/ (2) ]]*k}} av;pm;avmufwJh udk,f usihfw&m;&Sd&JUvm;/ (3) ]]bm0eD,}} csD;rGrf;avmufwJh

BuD; &Sdw,faemf/ rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;r[kwfbl;/ odaomf ud,u rdwaumif;aqGaumif; xifae Yk k f f ]]rd w f a qG q d k w m tm;BuD ; wJ h r S D & mt w,f / aMumif ; wpf c k y J / Oyed ,yp a ,m}} vd k Y jrwfpGmbk&m;u a[mxm;wm&Sdw,f? tm;BuD; wJh rSD&mwpfckyJ/ at;..rd w f a umif ; aqG a umif ; eJ Y ywfoufvYkd jrwfpmbk&m;u xdxoEmefawGrm G k kd S a[mxm;wm&Sdw,f/ tJ'D xdkxdkoEmefawGrSm Munhfvkdufr,fqdkvdkY&Sd&if rdrdwdkYtaeeJY rdwf aumif;aqGaumif;udk a&G;wwfvmygvdrhfr,f/ tJ'DokwefawGudk zwfIavhvmjcif;? em,lrSwf om;jcif;jzihf ]]wdkY&JUywf0ef;usifrSm&SdwJh yk*dKvf awG[m wdtwGuf rdwaumif;aqGaumif;vm;}}/ Yk f vlawGu ud,uom rdwaumif;aqG k f f aumif;&Smw,fqv&&if ud,u,wiuaum kd Ykd dS k f dk f kd f wzufom;&JU rdwaumif;aqGaumif;jzpfatmif f rvkyfoifhbl;vm;? vkyfoifhw,faemf/ at;... tJ'tydi;f udk arhraeMueJ/ D k Y udk,fuawmh rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;eJY aygif; oif;csiw,f/ ud,u,wiuvnf; rdwaumif; f k f kd f dk f f aqGaumif; jzpf&r,f/ udk,faygif;wJhyk*dKvfu vnf; rdwaumif;aqGaumif;jzpf&r,f/ [kw&UJ f f vm;/ Associate qdkwm aygif;oif;qufqHa&; qdkwm wpfzufowfMunhfvdkYr&bl;/ ESpfzufpvHk;udk Munfh&w,f/ ESpfzuf pvHk;MunhfvkdufvdkY&Sd&if udk,fudk,fwdkifuvnf; rdwaumif;aqGaumif;jzpf&r,f/ ud,aygif;wJh f k f rdwfaqGuvnf; rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;jzpf& r,f/ rd w f a umif ; aqG a umif ; tuJ c wf e nf ; xdkyk*dKvf&JU rdwfaumif;aqGaumif; qdkwmeJY ywfoufNyD;awmh jrwfpGmbk&m;u t*Fw&edum,frm rdwowqNkd y;D a[mxm;wm k S k f &Sw,f/tJ'xrm aygif;xkuwrwaqGaumif;&JU d D J S d f hJ d f oGijf yifvuPm? rdwaumif;aqGaumif;qdwm? f k vlq;kd vlaumif;qdwm kyyMkH unheYJ odygh rvm;/ k f f kH rodbl;? tay:,HMunhfHkeJY rodEdkifbl;/ 'gaMumifhrdkY i,fi,fwkef;u ajymMu w,f/ rif; vlqdk;qdkwm ]]csdK}} eJYrS r[kwfwm b,fodrvJ ]]csKd }} aygufae&ifawmh od&ifor,f/ d 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY vljrifHkeJY 'Dvl[m vlqdk;vm;? vlaumif;vm; odvdkYr&bl;/ bmeJY od&wkef;qdk&if olY&JUvkyf&yfay:rlwnfNyD;awmh od&w,f/ olvywvy&yfay:rSm MunhNf y;D awmh k f hJ k f 'Dvl[m vlqdk;vm;? vlaumif;vm;qdkwmudk cGJjcm;odw,f/

SPECIAL FEATURE OF THE MONTH

"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ udk,fusihfw&m;&Sd&JUvm;/ (odkYr[kwf) arwm bm0emyGm;wJh arwmpdw"mwf xm;wm&S&UJ vm;/ f d (4) ]]0wm}} raumif;&ifvnf; yGiyifh fh G vif;vif;ajymwwfw,f? qH;k rwwfw,f/ tBuH ay;wwfwJh? yk*dKvf[kwf&JUvm;/ (5) ]]0peu a rm}} tjypf a wG U vd k Y olYudk owday;ajymMum;&ifvnf; vufcHwJh yk*Kd v[w&UJ vm;/ wcsKd Uu olrsm;udawmh ud,f f k f k k u qHk;rwwfw,f/ udk,fudk qHk;r&ifawmh bm ajymvJ ]]vQmr&SnfeJYwJh}} [kwfvm;/ udk,fhudk vmajym&if rBudKufwJholu ydkrsm;w,faemf/ tJ'grsdK; rjzpfap&bl;wJh/ ]]0wm}} udk,fuvnf; qHk;rwwf& r,f/ ]]0peuarm}} oluajymvdkY&Sd&ifvnf; vufcwm&S&r,f/ tJ'tcsuu tifrwef cuf H d D f w,f/ bmjzpfvdkY cufwmwkef;qdk&if vlawGrSm rme&Sw,f/ rme&SonhtwGuaMumihf ud,xuf d d f f k fh i,fwy*Kd vuajym&if vufrcHb;l / ud,atmuf hJ k f k fh vlu ajymvdkY&Sd&if &efolyJ/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/) rsuf E S m zk H ; pmrsuf E S m rS aeY x l ; &uf j rwf tcgor, waygif ; v 1371 ck waygif;vjynh?f c&pf 2010 ckESpfazazmf&Dv 27&uf aeYonf jynfaxmifpk jrefrm EkdifiHawmf Ak'ylZed,bk&m;yGJawmfrsm; NcrNhf crhf oJoJ qifEusi;f yMuonfh r*FvmaeYx;l d d JT &ufjrwfjzpfavonf/ txl;ojzihf &efueNf rKd U av;ql"mwfykH k a&Twd*HkqHawmf&SifapwDawmfjrwfBuD;\ Ak' ylZed,yGawmfukd waygif;vwGif qif,ifusi;f y J cJ&m ]]a&Tw*waygif;yGawmf}} [k jrefrmEkiirm h d kH J d f H S omru urmrSmyg txl;ausmfMum;cJhaom Ak'ylZed, bk&m;yGJawmfBuD;jzpfayonf/ pwif w nf o nf h waygif ; vjynh f a eY av;ql"mwfyHk a&Twd*HkapwDawmf bk & m;yG J a wmf u d k a&S ; ya0PD r S p ES p f p Of ESpfwdkif; tpOftvmrysuf waygif;vwGif qif,if usif;ycJhMujcif;rSm xdka&Twd*HkqHawmf &SifapwDawmfjrwfBuD; pwifwnf xm;udk; uG,fcJhMuonfh waygif;vjynhfaeYudk tpGJjyK tpOftvmtxdrf;trSwftjzpf xdkwaygif; vjynhfaeYwGif yGJawmfudk qif,ifusif;yMujcif; jzpfonf/ r[mou&mZf 103 ckESpf waygif; vjynhf Ak'[l;aeYwGif rlv apwDawmf'g,um rsm;jzpfMuaom odMum;rif;? Ouvmyrif;ESihf wzk? bvduukeonfnaemifwBYkd u;D rSL;Mu f D OuvmyNrdKUolNrdKUom;taygif;wdkYu a&Twd*Hk qHawmf&SifapwDawmfjrwfBuD;udk wnfxm; cJhMuonf[k ordkif;uqkdayonf/ a&S ; uwnf ; u ausmf M um;aom yG J a wmf xdk'*HkqHawmf&Sif[kac:qdkMuaom a&T w d * H k a pwD a wmf j rwf B uD ; \ Ak ' y l Z ed , waygif ; yG J a wmf B uD ; um; jref r mh , Of a us;rI q,fhESpfv&moD yGJawmfrsm;wGif ryg0ifcJhvihf upm; a&S ; a&S ; aom jref r mbk & if r if ; rsm; vufxufuyif xif&Sm;aom bk&m;yGJawmf BuD;jzpfonf/ jref r mrif ; rsm; acwf u waygif ; yG J a wmf xdkpOftcgu jrefrmbk&ifrif;jrwf wdkYudk,fpm; '*Hk(&efukef)NrdKU0ef u OD;aqmif tcrf ; tem;taqmif t a,mif r sm;jzih f apwD a wmf j rwf B uD ; tm;vS L zG , f 0 w K wd k Y u d k quf u yf v S L 'gef ; &onf / xd k b k & m;yG J a wmf aysmfyGJ &TifyGJ {nhfcHazsmfajzyGJrsm;tjzpf tNidrfh? kyfao;? ZmwfobifpHkvifpGm cif;usif;Muav onf/ EkdifiHwGif; EkdifiHy t&yf&yfwdkYrS ]]waygif ; aomf u m;? qH a wmf ' *H k ? wufMuwHk\? ynf;yHkrsm;jzif? obifESpfaMumif;? avSaygif;vSnf;u? wkyqif,if? rjrifpzl;? wihfvGefusL;rQ? pHkyl;ruGm? odkYaomcg onf...}} pmqd k a wmf e 0a';BuD ; u a&T w d * H k waygif;yGJawmfudk odkYzGJUqdk azmfusL;cJhonf/ EkdifiHwGif;? EkdifiHy te,fe,ft&yf&yfwdkYrS ukef;wwef a&wwef c&D;ESpfaMumif; avS taygif;? vSnf;taygif;wdkYjzihf usdwfusdwfwdk;rQ MuufysHrus pnfum;odkufNrdKufpGm qifETJusif;y MuyHkudk '*HkqHawmf&Sif yGJawmfbGJU&wkvuFmjzihf a&;zGJUwifjycJhavonf/ a&S;acwfu xdkbk&m; yGJa wmfB uD; usif ; y&uf r sm;wG i f jref r mjynf te,f e ,f t &yf & yf r S xG u f u k e f y p n f ; rsm; udkvnf; cif;usif;Mu ukefpnfypnf;csif; zvS,fa&mif;0,fMuavonf/ avS v S n f ; rsm;jzih f bk & m;zl ; vmMuol r sm; jref r mrif ; rsm;r&S d M uawmh o nf h aemufwGif a&Twd*HkapwDawmf waygif;yGJawmf Bu;D udk apwDawmf a*gyutzGUJ ESifh jynfotrsm; l yl;aygif; qufvufqifETJusif;ycJhMuonf/ xd k a &T w d * H k b k & m; waygif ; yG J a wmf B uD ; od k Y te,f e ,f t &yf & yf r S bk & m;zl ; vma&muf MuonfrSm wpfOD;csif; wpfrdom;csif;? taygif; tazmfwpfpkcsif;vmMuonfhenf;wl? toif; tzG J U tvd k u f tpk t a0;ES i h f avS w wef ?

19

vSn;f wwef? aESmif;acwfrsm;wGif armfawmfum; rsm;jzihf odkufodkuf0ef;0ef; vma&mufqifETJ Muonf/ wd k ; rayguf a tmif jynh f E S u f p nf u m;jcif ; xd k Y a Mumih f apwD a wmf j rwf B uD ; \ uke;f awmf0ef;usif tEStjym; wd wnf&aom YH Yk dS Z&yf r sm;? ausmif ; rsm;? wef a qmif ; rsm;? apmif ; wef ; rsm; ES i h f &if j yif a wmf t ES H Y w G i f bk&m;zl;rsm;wdk; raygufatmif jynhfESufpnf um;aeavawmhonf/ 'k w d , ur m ppf B uD ; rwd k i f r D u yG J a wmf 'k w d , ur m ppf B uD ; rjzpf r D tcsd e f uqdkvQif &efukefNrdKUay:ESihf qifajczHk;&Sdt&yf a'otoD;oD;wdkYrS bk&m;zl;y&dowfrsm;onf waygif;vjynhfaeY bk&m;yGJawmf yg0ifqifETJ Mu&eftwGuf tzdwfaeYnuyif ukef;awmf &ifjyifawmfay:&Sd Z&yfrsm;? wefaqmif;rsm;? apmif ; wef ; rsm;omru? awmif z uf r k c f atmufajc&Sd uefawmfrifyef;NcHyif ae&mrsm; ,lMuNyD; vjynhfaeYeHeuf tkPfqGrf;uyfvSL ylaZmfMu&ef pDrHcsufjyKwf jyifqifaeMuav onf/ nydi;f a&mufaomtcg taemufzufrcf k k uGif;jyifwGif cif;usif;jyoaeMuaom HkyGJrsm;? MunhfcsifyGJrsm;odkY oGm;a&mufMunhfIMuav onf/ oD a ygrif ; ygawmf r l N yD ; aemuf ukef;abmifrif;quf aemufqHk;rif; jzpfaom oDaygrif;ygawmfrlNyD;onhfaemuf ESpfESpftMum 1249 ckESpf? &efukefNrdKUrS xkwfa0 aom ]]&ef u k e f a *Zuf t ywf p Of o wif ; pm}} (Rangoon Gazette weekly news.) 1887 ckESpf rwfv (11) &ufaeYxkwf owif;pmwGif a&Tw*b&m;yGawmf owif;wpfy' atmufyg d kH k J k f uJhodkY azmfjyyg&Sdavonf/ a&T w d * H k b k & m;yG J a wmf p nf u m;yk H a&Twd*HkapwDawmfwaygif;yGJawmfodkY ,ck E S p f w G i f vma&muf o l tvG e f r sm;jym; aMumif;? vGefcJhaom&uftenf;i,fcefYuyif NrdKUwGif;? awmrS bk&m;zl;rsm;jzihf jynhfESuf aeaMumif;? ,if;wdkYtxJwGif &Srf;vlrsKd; ESihf u&ifvlrsKd;trsm;tjym;yg0ifMuaMumif;? ,ref aeYeHeuf a&Twd*Hkukef;awmfay:wGif jrif&aom Icif;rSm rsufpdyom'tjrifwGif xl;jcm;vS pdwEv;kH udk csr;f ajrUzG,jf zpfaMumif;? taMumif; f S rSm 0wfaumif;pm;vS rsK;d pHukd 0wfqifxm;aom k vlwef;BuD;rSm rsufpdwqHk;yif jzpfaMumif;/ pmrsuf E S m 24 ok d Y

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

20

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

v,fwDq&ma

The Ledi Dham

D d v,fweAmefw

a&;om;jyKp

MAHA THERA L
(edAme'DyeD)
(,cif t ywf r S t quf )
tw [ l o nf u m;/ / pG J v rf ; aom rd p m pd w f & S d r S tw & S d o nf / pGJvrf;aom rdpmpdwfr&SdvQif tw[lr&Sd? twr&SdvQifvnf; yk*dKvf ow 0 g[l xif r S w f z G , f r &S d / yk * d K vf ? ow 0 g[l r&S d v Qif yk*Kd vaoonf? &Sionf? ow0gaoonf? &Sionf[yifr&S/ aoonf? f f f l d &S i f o nf [ l r&S d v Qif aovQif j ywf o nf ? rjywf o nf [ k r &S d / xdkodkYr&SdbJvsuf t&SdjyK ,lcJhvQif Oap''d|d ow'd|djzpf\/ r*f v rf ; zd k v f v rf ; rS zD v mjzpf \ / xd k t ,l & S d aevQif r*f ? zdkvfudkrqdkxm;bd? 0dyemPfrQyif rodEkdifNyD/ bk&m;ESihfawGU&aom ol? w&m;ESiawGU&aomol? omoemESiawGU&aom ol[ rqdxuNf y/ fh fh l k kd D (owd&SdMuavukef/) (um;- ,ruok w f ygVd a wmf t & igwd k Y \ t,l a ywnf ; /) q&mwd k Y u m;/ / ,ruokwfudk axmufyifvQif &[Em yk*Kd vaovQif jywf\[k ,laomolwtm; Oap''d|jd zpf&m\/ rjywf[k f Ykd ,lrS Oap''d|dvGwfuif;&monf[k t,l&SdMuukef\/ / oifhjrwf &mudk ,lMuavukef/ rQavmufaom okwef? tbd"r ygVdawmfBuD;wdkYudk xkwfjy tmp&d,0g'ESihfwuG ae&mwus&Sif;vif; jyvkdufojzihf <uif;usef orQaom ygVdawmf t&yf&yfwdkYrSmvnf; ae&mwus odEkdifMuukef&mNyD jzpf &[Emyk*dKvfwdkY\ cEmcsKyfNidrf;rIESihf pyfvsOf;aom<uif;usefaom okwefygVdawmf? tbd"rmygVdawmfwdkYudk rjyrqdkNyD/ tzGio0Pemudk pD&ifMuukeaom t|uxmq&m? txuf fh H f #Dumq&mwdkYum; tvGefqef;Mu,faom oabmPf&SdawmfrlMuukef onfjzpf tvGeqef;Mu,fpm zefw;D zGiawmfrMl uuke\/ ,ckumv f G hf f t"dym,fvdk&if; tusOf;csKyftcsufudkodEdkif&ef PfteufteJvdkMu xdkt|uxm #DumwdkYpum; t,l0g'taxGtjym; rsm;Muavukef\/ aemufjzpf#umusr;f ? *EE&usr;f wdrmvnf; oih?f roihukd csicsepOf;pm; D Yk S f fh d f zG,f tvGefrsm;jym;\/ bk&m;a[mygVdawmf&if;rsm;udk tESHYtjym; tm;xkwfBuHzef bk&m;tvdkawmfukd tawmftavsmfBuHrd? odrd&Sdaom olwrom txufusr;f wd tqef;wMu,f zGiqMkd u&mrSmvnf; y"me Ykd S Yk hf tusO;f vd&if;teufukd tcsuus,Eiue&monf/ aemufjzpfusr;f *ef k f l kd f k f wdkYrSm ,kwm,kwd&Sd? r&Sdudk a&G;aumufEdkifukef&monf/ xdaMumihf edAmeuxm0,f t|uxm? #Dum? *EE& pum; Yk

(Nibbana Di pan

(Continue from last week) Atta means Only when there is wrong clinging mind, there is attaself. If there is no wrong clinging mind, then there is no atta-self. If there is no atta-self, too, there is no person, no being to think of. If there is neither person nor being, there is not even such thing as the person dies, the person lives, the being dies the being lives. If there is neither death nor alife, there is neither cut out nor does not cut out after death. Inspite of the absence, if taken the presence, the ucchedatitthi, sassataditthi, the annihilation-belief, .. .. the eternity-belief will com in; it will become an obstruction to the path of magga and phala. If he maintains that view, what to say of the path and the fruition, he cannot realize even the vipassanainsight, He does not deserve to be called as the one who sees the - Buddha, who sees the dhamma, who sees sasana the teachings of Buddha. [Be careful] [This is our view with regard to yamaka sutta pali.] . The view of the teachers With regard to this yamaka sutta, those who have already taken that the arahatta puggala is cut out when he dies, will become ucchedaditt hi. They will be free ucchedaditt hi only when .. .. they take that he is not cut out. Thus they maintain such view. Please take the suitable one. So far as I have already taken the passages from suttanta pali and abhidhamma pali, and explained them properly together . . with the view of teachers, you can understand also the remaining pali properly. Therefore the remaining suttanta and abhidhamma . pal i which are connected with the cessation-appeasement of . khandha of arahattapuggala will not be shown here. The commentator and the former sub-commentator, who have already made the exposition of the pali words of the Buddha, . have so much wonderful knowledge that they comment them very wonderfully. Nowadays, as the deep knowledge is necessary for the people to understand the essential meaning, they have different views on those commentary and former sub-commentaries. There are very much to consider which is proper and which is

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

"r0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

awmfbk&m;BuD;

usrf;jyKtausmf urmausmf

w&m;awmfrsm;

awmf pawmfrlaom

ma on Nibba na
i = The Manual of Nibbana)
wdkYudk rsm;pGmrjyKrl bk&m;rkcygXf? &[EmwdkY\ rkcygXfygVdawmf&if;wdkYudk om xkwfaqmif&Sif;vif; edAmef\tjcif;t&mudk xifvif;pGm jyqdk vkuayonf/ d f wG i f a &G U um; cE o H , k w f y gVd a wmf t & emem0g'jyqd k y H k N yD ; \/ tcsd K Uusrf ; tvd k xk w f q d k & S i f ; vif ; csuf ,cktcg xdxygVdawmftpdw?f t|uxm? #Dumtpdw?f *EE& k kd tpdwfwdkYudk tenf;i,frQ xkwfjy&Sif;vif;OD;tHh/ ,xmyp,H [d y0wdrwar0 ,'d'H obm0 "rm emr/ (#Dumausmf) ,'d'?H a,mt,H obm0"rm emr? tMuif y&rw oabmw&m; rnfonf/ twd? &Sd\/ aom? xdky&rwoabmw&m;rnfonf? ,xmyp,H? taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm/ y0wdrwar0? jzpfjcif;trlt&mrQom vQifwnf;/ (um;teuf/) oaAyd [d"rm wH wH Bud,mrwm0 a[mEd? e awok 'AH 0g oPmeH0g 0d*a[m 0g OyvAwd/ (oN* K [f t zG i h f y&rw ' D y eD # D u mopf / ) [d opH? rSef\/ oaAwd? tvHk;pHkvnf; jzpfukefaom/ "rm? y&rw oabmw&m;wdonf/ wH wH Bu,mrwm0? xdxBkd ujH cif;? odjcif;? Yk d k awGUxdjcif;tp&Sdaom trlt&mrQwdkYonfomvQif/ a[mEd? jzpfukef\/ awok? xdy&rww&m;wd/ 'AH 0g? txnfj'yfuvnf;aumif;/ oPmeH k Yk kd 0g? oPmefuvnf;aumif;/ 0d*a[m0g? taumiftxnfuvnf;aumif;? kd kd e- OyvAwd? r&tyf/ / (um;teuf) t"d y m ,f u m;/ / rSefxJrSmaeaom vl&dyf? rsufESm&dyfrsm; onf rsufjriftm;jzihf vlyuwd? rsufESmyuwd xif&\/ tomxkwf ,ljcif;iSmrlum; tPkjrLrQ,lp&m? &p&mr&Sd? tvGefMunfvSpGmaom a&xJrSmxifaom vl&dyf? ae&dyf? v&dyf? wdrf&dyf? opf&dyfwdkYonf rsufjriftm;jzihf vlyuwdponfxif&ukef\/ tomxkwf,ljcif; iSmrlum; tPkjrLrQ ,lp&m? &p&mr&Sd/ ocF w y&rwf / / twlpdwf[laom y&rww&m;onfvnf; BuKH r?I odr?I Bu,mtrIt&mrQomwnf;/ ow0gteEw\pdwukd tukef d Ykd f vHk;udk aygif;pkaomfvnf; tPkjrLrQ tusdwftcJ&p&mr&Sd/ (apwoduf a'Gynmowdkudk enf;twkdif;odav/) kyf (28) ckwdkY yx0D[laom ajr"mwfonfvnf; y&rwf
improper also in the latter sub-commentaries and latter versions. Only those who have already studied widely the original pali . words of the Buddha and have known properly the wish of the Buddha can take the essential meaning mainly also in the wonderful expositions in foremer versions, commentary and former sub-commentary. And they will be able to choose which is reasonable and which is not reasonable in the latter sub-commentaries and the later versions. Therefore, in this nibbanakatha, without showing many passages from the commentary, sub-commentary and the versions; only the passages of the original pal.i, the words of the Buddha and the words of the arahats are taken out and explained clearly the nature of nibbana. [Here ends how the different views with regard to khandha-samyutta pali.] . The explanation of the view of some versions Now, afew parts of some pal i text, the commentary, the . sub-commentary and the versions will be explained a little. . yatha paccayam hi pavattimattameva yadidam sabhava dhammo nama [Tikakyaw] . yadidam yo ayam= there is the ultimate dhamma sabhava dhammo -ma atthi na . so yathapaccayam = that ultimate dhamma is merely the pavattimattameva action on condition - . . sabbepi hi dhamma tam tam kariyamattava honti, na tesu . dabbam va santhanam va - upalabbhati. viggaho va [paramattha diapni tika, the new sub-commentary to . abhidhammattha sangaha] - . . hi-saccam sabbepi dhamma tam tam kariyamattava honti = It is true all ultimates are merely actions of those those thinking. knowing, experiencing etc., tesu = In those ultimates, . dabbam va = the substance or santhanam va = the figure or viggaho va =the body

by

LEDI SAYADAW

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

22

"r0D&onf oEdokcodkY a&S;Ijy|mef;onf/

na upalabbhati =cannot be obtained Meaning The image of a man or of a face in the mirror is thought to be a real man or a real face in apperance. However, even though the image is taken out, not even an atom of its substance can be obtained. The image of a man, of the sun, of the moon, of the cloud, of the trees in the clear water are though to be a real man, etc., in appearance. However, for taking out the substance, not even a single atom can be obtained. . sankhata paramattha Similarly, the citta mind, the ultimate dhamma, too, is merely the action of thinking, knowing. Even though all the minds of the infinite beings be collected, not even a particle as small as an atom can be obtained. [52 cetasika mental factors should also be understood in the same way] Of the 28 materialities the pathav1, the earth element also, in the ultimate nature, is merely hardness, softness action, the sate of hardness, softness. There is not even a particle of an atom that can be obtained. But, being materiality, if more than one crore are collected, they can become a particle of an atom etc., The remaining elements of water, fire and wind should also be understood in the same way. Even though the remaining 24 upada rupa, the derivatives be collected in any way, the substance of which cannot be obtained even as much as an atom. Thus, even though two kinds of mentalities, namely mind and mental factors are colected in more than one crore, even an atom of the substance cannot be obtained. Of the four great elements of materialities, namely water, earth, fire and wind, in each element, too, in the ultimate nature, even an atom (*atom= here means the finest dust particle that can be seen in the sun ray coming through a hole on the wall etc.,) of the substance cannot - - be obtained; what to say of in the minor materialities, upadarupa, the derivatives. Nibbana. the cessation-appeasement, the act of ceasing and appeasing, is not the kind that ever arises. Since it is merely the cessation-appeasement of becoming, arising, merely the ending, the disappearing of the mind, mental factors and materialities which are always appearing, it is much more delicate than the ever-appearing mind, mental factors and mentalities more than one million times. The mind, mental factors and materialities, the sankhata paramattha, the conditioned ultimates are prominent in the state of arising incessantly. . Asankhata paramattha Nibbana, asankhata paramattha, the unconditioned ultimate is prominent in the nature of peace, which is the cessation. appeasement, the ending of the arising of sankhata paramattha, the conditioned ultimates. If should there be no cessation-appeasement, no ending, there would not be cessation-appeasement of defilements in the three worlds and if should there be no cessation-appeasement, no ending of defilements, then there would be no Buddha, there would be no paccekabuddhas, there would be no arahats, there would be no ariyas, noble ones. . . Sankhata paramattha kriya So far with such words as above, all the ultimate dhammas in reality have not even an atom of substance; they are merely kriya actions, merely state. Even though they are merely kriya action, the sankhataparamattha kriya actions of such kind are the arising kryiya actions. (To Be Continue)

oabmtm;jzihf cufrmrI? El;nHhrI? cufrmjcif; Bud,m? El;nHhjcif;Bud,m? cufrmaomtrlt&m? El;nHaomtrlt&mrQomwnf;/ tPkjrLrQ ,lp&m h &mp&mr&Sd/ odkYaomfvnf; kyfw&m;jzpfay tuka#ru pkaygif;rdMu vQif tPkjrLrQponf jzpfvm\/ <uif;aoma&"mwf? rD;"mwf? av"mwf wdkYudkvnf; enf;twkdif;odav? <uif;aomOyg'gkyf (24) ckwdkYonf vnf; b,frQavmufyif aygif;pkaomfvnf; txnf0wKtPkjrLrQ &aumif;aom kyfr[kwfMuukef/ odkYvQif pdwf? apwoduf[laom emrfw&m; (2) rsdK;onf tuka#ruyif aygif;pkaomfvnf; txnf0wK[ tPkjrLrQ r&xdu/ l k f a&? ajr? rD;? av[laom ky"mwfBu;D (4) yg;wdwif wpfyg;yg;onfvnf; f Yk G y&rwobm0oufouftm;jzihf txnf0wK[l tPkjrLrQr&xkduf? Oyg'gac:aom kyfao;wdkYrSm qdkzG,f&mr&Sd/ edAmefac:aom csKyfNidrf;rI? csKyfNidrf;jcif; Bud,mcsKyfNidrf;jcif; trlt&monfrum; jzpfay:aomtrlt&mrsKd ;yifr[kw?f tpOfjzpfay: l aeaom pdwf? apwoduf? kyfw&m;wdkY\ tjzpfNidrf;rI? Zmwfodrf;rI? aysmufuG,frI? csKyfqHk;rIomjzpfay wvlvljzpfay:aeaompdwf? apwoduf emrfw&m;wdkYxuf tqtodef;? todef;ru odrfarGUvS\/ pdwf? apwoduf? kyf[laom ocFwy&rwfrsdK;wdkYrSm wvlvlwzGm;zGm; jzpfay:aomtaetm;jzihf xif&Sm;&SdMuukef\/ tocF w y&rwf / / edAmef[laom tocFwy&rwfrsdK;rSm xdocFwy&rwfrsKd ;wd\ tjzpfNir;f jcif;? Zmwfor;f jcif;[laom oEtae k Yk d d d tm;jzihf xif&Sm;&Sday\/ xdktjzpfNidrf;rI? Zmwfodrf;rIudk r&Sd[l qdkcJhjim; tHh? avmu (3) yg; udavomwdkY\tjzpfNidrf;rI? Zmwfodrf;rI[l r&Sd av&m? udavomwd\ tjzpfNir;f rI? Zmwfor;f rI[ r&Suvnf; bk&m; Yk d d l d [l r&Sd&m? yapuAk'g [lr&Sd&m? &[Em[lr&Sd&m? t&d,m[l r&Sd&m/ ocF w y&rwf B ud , m/ / rQaom pum;&yfwdkYjzihf tvHk;pHkaom y&rw"rrsKd ;[lorQonf t[kwtrSetm;jzihf txnf0wK[ tPkjrL f f l rQ r&SdMu? trIrQ oufouf? Bud,mrQ oufouf? tjcif;t&mrQ ouf oufomjzpfMu\/ xdkodkY Bud,mrQoufoufjzpfMuaomfvnf; ocFw y&rwf Bud,mrsdK;wdkYrSmjzpfay:aom Bud,mrsdK;aywnf;/ tocF w y&rwf B ud , m/ / tocFw y&rwfBud,mrSm xdkocFwBud,mwdkY\csKyfNidrf;rI? aysmufuG,frIudk Bud,m[kqdkayonf/ xdaMumifh edAmef[aom tocFwBu,mrsKd ;onf y&rwoabmtm;jzihf Yk l d xif&Sm;&Sd\avm? r&Sdavm[k &SmBuHvdkvQif ocFwBud,mrsdK;taeESifh r&SmButyf/ udavomtjzpfNir;f rI[ {uE&\avm? cEmtjzpfNir;f rI H d l dS d [l {uE&Sd\avm[k &SmBuH&rnf/ avmu (3) yg; bk&m;? yapuAk'g? t&d,m[l&SdrIudk ,HMk unfcvQif udavomwd\ tjzpfNir;f rI? Zmwfor;f rIvnf; {uE&oihf hJ Yk d d dS ayonf/ &Sxuayonf[k ,HMk unfav;jrwf odjriftyf\/ xkoYkd odjrifrI d kd f d onfum; ypuo?d 'd|od rsKd ;r[kw?f tEkrmeodrQomwnf;/ rdroEmefrm d S &Sdaeaom udavomwdkYonf rdrdoEmefrSm csKyfNidrf;oGm;onfudk udk,fawGU'd|odjrif&aomolwdkYrSmom ypuod? 'd|dodrsdK;ESihf odEdkif? jrifEdkifMu ukefonf/ tcsdKUaomolwdkYonfum; udavomwdkY\ tjzpfNidrf;rI[lonf udavomwdkY\r&Sdjcif; tbm0rQomwnf;/ cEmwdkY\ tjzpfNidrf;rI[l onf cEmwdkY\ r&Sdjcif; tbm0rQomwnf;/ tbm0[lonfvnf; r&Sd jcif;rQomjzpf tcsn;f ES;D rsKd ;omomjzpf\/ eufeaomoabmrsKd ;r[kw?f J odEkdifcJ? jrifEdkifcJaom oabmrsdK;r[kwf? *kPfusufoa&&Sdaom oabm rsdK;r[kwf? wpfpHkwpf&mrQr&Sdaom tbm0wkponf tb,fol\ axmuf&m? wnf&m? rSDcdk&m? ykef;atmif;&m? vJavsmif;&mjzpfEdkifayacstHh enf;[k qdkMuukef\/ (tqdkrsdK;udk a&S; &Sif;vif;cJhNyD/) (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / )

DHAMMA TALKS
"r0D&onf Ak'\"rw&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/

23

&efukefem;u tvGrf;pm (2)

a&T n mol (a&T b d k ) rrat;a&usrwdYk Ak'bmomjrefrmvlrsKd ;awG[m? 0gwGi;f 0gyOykoowif; f D aqmufwnfMuwJholawGjzpfMuw,faemf/ udk,fEIwfudk apmifhxdef;jcif; odumyk'fudk aqmufwnfMuwJh oDvw&m;qdkwm[m? jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif jznhfusifhawmfrlwJh (10) yg;aom yg&rDawmfawGxJrSm wpfyg;tygt0if jzpfw,faemf/ usrwdkY&JU jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif? bl&d'we*g;rif;jzpfpOfb0rSm e*g;wd&UJ umr*kPpnf;pdrupeNYf y;D ? ]]ig\ta&? taMum? td;k ? taoG;wdYk Yk f f kd G udk tvd&u ,lvo,Ml uapownf;}} vdYk t"d|mefNy;D t*Fgav;yg; (rusKd ;? k dS kd l rayguf? rajymuf? rMum;) eJY jynhfpHkwJhoDvudk? nDrwdkYwawG ouf&Sif aexdiMf uwJh vljY ynfvavmuudvmNy;D aqmufwnfcw,fr[kwygvm;/ k Yl k hJ f 'gaMumihf? bl&d'we*g;rif;udk pHjypHjyKtjzpf wifpm;NyD;? oD w if ; oD v aqmuf w nf M ur,h f ? rrat;wd k Y n D r wd k Y w pf a wG u vJ ? acgif;ay:rSmeHomyef;rsm; yefqifr,fvq&if? OD;pGmacgif;udk avQmzwNf y;D Y Ykd kd f G rS eHomyef;udyefqifMurSom vkuzufovd?k t*Fg&Spyg;eJjY ynfpwhJ oDv Y k d f f h kH udkvJyJ avmb? a'go? arm[? rmefrme? m? rp&d,vdkYqdkwJh w&m; qdk;awGuif;NyD; ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;BuD;rsm; apmihfxdef;awmfrlMuwJh ]]t&d,mOykof}} jzpfatmif jznhfusihfapmifhxdef;MuzdkYawmh vkdygw,faemf/ rrat;a&]]Oykof}} qdkwJhpum;[m? ]]Oaygow}} qdkwJh ygVdyk'fuae qif;oufvmwJh ygVdysufpum;jzpfw,frrat;&JU. ig;yg;oDv? &Spfyg; oDv? udk;yg;oDv? q,fyg;oDv ponhfusihf0wfwdkYudk vkdufemapmifhxdef; aejcif;udk Oykofapmifhw,fvdkY qdkMuygw,f/ &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm; 0denf;a'oemawmft& OykofjyKjcif;udkvJ OykofvdkY ac:qdkMuygw,f/ tJ'DrSm azmfjycJhwJh oDvawGteufu? ig;yg;oDvqdkwJh yoD oDvudk vlwaeYpOf0wfMuwJh cg;0wfyq;kd vdk aeYpOftNrJ apmifxe;f MuNy;D Ykd k h d &Spfyg;oDv? udk;yg;oDv? q,fyg;oDv pwmawGudkawmh wpfvrSm vqef;yu vqkwyuav;&uf av;oDwif;usa&mufwhJ OykoaeYawGrm f f S apmihfxdef;EdkfifMur,fqdk&if? avmuudk apmifha&SmufaeMuwJh ewfaumif; ewfjrwfawGu vuftkyfcsDMuqdkbJ rrat;&JU/ rrat;a&oltoufrowfjcif;/ olOpmrck;d jcif;/ arxkwtusirjyKusifh Y Y f hf jcif;/ rrSefpum;rajymjcif;/ ao&nfao&ufraomufjcif;/ aeYvGJnpm rpm;jcif;pwJh t*Fg&Spfyg;eJYjynfhpHkwJhoDvudk cH,laqmufwnfNyD;? ]]jA[ Oykof}} jzpfap&ef jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif&JU Ak'*kPfawmfwpfyg;yg;udkjzpfjzpf? ]]"rOyko}f } jzpfapzdYk w&m;awmf&UJ "r*Pawmfwpfyg;yg;udjk zpfjzpf? ]]oHC k f Oykof}} jzpfapzdkY oHC*kPfawmfwpfyg;yg;udkjzpfjzpf bm0emtjzpfyGm;rsm; Ny;D awmh tukovpwawGrjzpf&? 0ifrvm&atmif pdwupifMu,fatmif kd f d f f kd xm;NyD;? apmihfpnf;xdef;odrf;EdkifrSom OykofqdkwJh oDwif;oDvapmifhxdef; jcif;&JU t*Fgrsm;eJY jynhfpHkrSmjzpfygw,f/ npmrpm;HkeJYawmh Oykofapmifh jcif;&JU t"dym,frjynhfpHkao;ygbl;/ n 12 em&DausmfNyDqdk&if pm;vdkY& w,fvdkY xifMuwJholawGuvJ 'keJYa';ygbJ/ rrat;/ rrat;a&nDrwdkY apmifhxdef;Mu&r,hf? oDvodumyk'fawGeJY ywfoufvdkY nDrwdkY&Gmu ]]a&Taygufyifausmif;}} q&mawmf&JU aus;Zl;aMumihf? odum yk'f jrefrmjyefawGukd BuKd wifoem;vnfci&MuwJtwGuf a&SmifMuOfMu& d G hf h rJh tcsufawGudk od&Sdem;vnfcJhMu&w,fr[kwfygvm;/ ygPmwdygwm- ol\toufudkaoapvdkaompdwfjzihf owf jzwfjcif;rS? a0&rPdodumy'H- a&SmifMuOf&ma&SmifMuOfaMumif;jzpfaom? odumyk'fudk? orm'd,mrd- aumif;pGmaqmufwnfyg\/ t'dEm'gem- Opm&Sionf ud,jf zihaomfvnf;aumif;? EIwjf zihf f k f aomfvnf;aumif;? ray;tyfaomOpmypn;f wdukd cd;k ,ljcif;rS a&SmifMuOfyg Yk \vdkY qdkcJhMu&w,fav/ 0dumvabmZem odumyk'frSmusawmhvJ? ,aeYrGef;vGJonfrS p eHeufjzeftmHkwuftwGif;[kqdktyfaom 0dumvtwGif;rSm cJbG,f abmZOfwdkY oHk;aqmifpm;aomufjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfyg\vdkY qdkcJhMu&wm awG[m &Gmausmif;q&mawmfeJY trd? tz? tbdk;? tzGm;wdkY&JU aus;Zl; aMumifhyJ r[kwfvm; rrat;/ usefwJhoDvodumyk'fawGudkvJ nDrwdkY wpfawG &Gmausmif;q&mawmfxHrSm jrefrmvdkyg vkdufqdkcJhMu&w,faemf/ rrat;a&reufjzefOykofaeYjzpfvdkY OykofapmifhoGm;Mur,fqdk&if? 'DaeYvdk aeYrsm;uwnf;u? Am[D&tdrrupawGukd BuKd wifvyxm;Ny;D tpm;tpm f I d k f twGufvnf; oifhwihfrQwHkavmufom pDrHxm;oihfw,f rrat;&JU/ reufapmapm tdyf&mux? udk,fvufoefYpifNyD;wmeJY pdwf Munfvifapr,ht0wftpm;ud0wfv?Ykd yef;yefr?I eHomvdr;f jc,fr?I oeyf f k Y cg;utp vdrf;rIawGudkvJ rvkyf&bl;r[kwfvm; rrat;/ ]]rdrdpdwfrSm? pifMu,fvmatmif? t*Fg&Spfwef? oDvcH? NcdK;NcH atmiftnf;? wpfajzmifwnf;jzih?f apmifpnf;tm;xkw?f w&m;vky?f Oykof h h h apmifh[k rSwf}} wJh r[kwfvm; rrat;/ ]]w&m;vky}f } qdwmu OykoapmifMh u&if;? q&mawmfoCmawmf k f H rsm;&JU a[mazmfTefjywJh w&m;"rawGudk em,lrSwfom;NyD;? Oykofonf tcsi;f csi;f pum;vH;k 0rajymMubJ? bk&m;*kP?f w&m;*kP?f oHCm*kPawmf f awGudk atmufarhyGm;rsm;Muvsuf? "romupmtjzpf w&m;"rwdkYudkom ajymqdaqG;aEG;MurSom? Oykoowif;oDvapmifxe;f jcif;&JU tusKd ;aus;Zl; k f D h d awGudk tjynfht0&&SdMurSmjzpfygw,f/ rrat;a&tJ'vaocsmusepGmapmifxe;f MuwJh Oyko&UJ tusKd ;u ZrL'dyf D kd h d f wpfuRe;f vH;k udk tkyp;kd &wJh rif;? rdz&m;tjzpfrsKd ;awGxuf Bu;D us,crf;em; f k f wJh tusdK;aus;Zl;udk&w,fvdkY jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlygw,fwJh/ oDveJYjynfhpHkjcif;aMumifh &&SdwJhtusdK;ig;yg;uvJ &Sdygao;w,f rrat;/ tJ'DtusdK;ig;yg;uawmh(1) pD;yGm;Opm&wemwdkYudk tpkvdkuftyHkvdkuf&Edkifjcif;/ (2) emrnfaumif;owif;ausmfaZmjcif;/ (3) y&dowfAdkvfyHktv,f wihfw,f&J&ihfjcif;/

DHAMMA TALKS

24

"r0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/ oDv apmihfxdef;jcif;aMumihf orm"dw&m;awGjynhfpHkjynhfpHkvm Ny;D ? ynmw&m;awGvJ wd;k yGm;apEdirmjzpfw,f/ [kww,f rrat;? oDv k f S f w&m;u orm"dw&m;udk aus;Zl;jyKrSmjzpfNyD;? orm"dpdwf wnfMunfrI &Srom? rrat;wdYk usrwd&&Sxm;wJh cEmig;yg;&JUtay:rSm ]],xmblw}} d S Yk d [kwfwkdif;rSefpGmodwJhPf &&SdrSmjzpfw,f/ aus;Zl;awmf&if rd;k ukwq&mawmfb&m;Bu;D uvJ [kwwi;f rSef S f k f dk pGmodwJhPf&&if wpfcgwnf; vufcarmif;cwfawmhvdkY trdefY&SdcJhbl; wm rSwfrd&ygw,f/ rrat;a&cEmig;yg;tay:rSm trSeuoom;&if opmudvnf; odjrifvm f kd d G k Edkifygvdrhfr,f/ 'gaMumihf OykofapmifhoGm;&if;? oHCmawmft&Sifjrwfrsm; a[mMum;wJw&m;"rrsm;udk em,l&if;jzih?f y&d,wukd oif,&mvJ a&muf h d l ygw,f/ oif,lvkdYem;vnf&if em;vnfwJhtavsmuf? y#dywdqdkwJh omoemudk rdru,rmjznhusivmEdirmjzpfygw,f/ y#dywtusiw&m; d dk f S f fh k f S d hf awGeJY jynfhpHkvm&ifawmh? y#da0"qdkwJh toD;tyGifhrsm;udk rrat;wdkY? nDrwdkYwpfawG oHk;aqmifcHpm;Mu&rSmjzpfw,fqdkwJhtaMumif;? arwm apwemrsm;rsm;eJY ajymMum;vkdufygw,f rrat;/ ty r aw m t,H *aE m ? ,G m ,H w*&pE e H ? a,mp oD v 0wH *aE m ? 0gwd a 'a0ok Ow a rm/ awmifZvyf? pEu;l yef;wd\teHonf tenf;i,frQom jzpf\/ Yk Y tusiov&Saomol\ oDv&eYonf xl;uJvejf rwfonfjzpf ewfjynf fh D d H G ewf&Gmxdatmif ysHUESHYBudKifvdIifayawmh\/ a&T n mol (a&T b d k ) pmrsuf E S m 19 rS a&T d k ; \ jref r mjynf o m; pmtk y f r S c&pf 1882 ckESpfwGif a&Tdk;trnfcH NAdwdoQpma&;q&m Sir, Scott a&;om;xkwa0 onfh The Burman (jrefrmjynfom;) pmtkyf f wGif &efukefNrdKUa&Twd*HkapwDawmf waygif;v bk&m;yGJawmfESihf pyfvsOf; atmufygtwkdif; rSwfwrf;jyKpka&;om;cJhavonf/ tBuD ; us,f q H k ; a&T w d * H k b k & m;yG J a wmf jrefrmEkiiwif qif,ifusi;f y Muonfh tm;vH;k aom bk&m;yGJ d f H G awmfrsm;teuf a&Tw*b&m;yGawmfonf tBu;D us,q;kH tpnfum;qH;k d kH k J f jzpf o nf / jref r mEk d i f i H & S d ta0;qH k ; t&yf a 'orsm;jzpf M uaom &S r f ; awmif w ef ; a'orsm;omru? yif v ,f & yf j cm;wd k i f ; Ek d i f i H r sm; jzpfMuaom ,dk;',m;(xdkif;)? uarm'D;,m;ESihf udk&D;,m;EkdifiHrsm;rS bk&m;zl;rsm;vnf; vma&mufMuonf/ pOf v mrysuf pnf u m;vsuf jrefrmEkdifiHawmf\ *kPfusufoa&aqmif av;ql"mwfyHk a&Tw*qawmf&if apwDawmfjrwfBu;D Ak'yZed,waygif; yGawmfBu;D um; d kH H S l J a&S;ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmutwdkif; ,ckacwfvnf; ckepf&uf wpfywfwdkif wdkif MunhfcsifyGJpHkjzihf pnfum;odkufNrdKufpGm qif,ifusif;yvsuf&Sday onf/ Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

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DHAMMA ESSAY
"r0D&onf "ropmudk Tefjyonf/

25

aqmif;ul;aEGp om,mvSonhf waygif;v

"rxufudk (ITBMU) waygif;vonf jrefrmhq,fEp&moDvrsm;wGif wpfq,hEpv h S f f S f ajrmufjzpf wpfESpfwm\ aemufqHk;vjzpfonf/ waygif;v\ yxr v0ufonf aqmif;&moDwGif usa&mufqJjzpf? 'kwd,v0ufonf aEG&moDwif usa&muf&um;? aqmif;ul;aEGp om,mvSonhf waygif;v G &moDjzpfavonf/ omonf nif;nif;? ajrmufav<uif;ESihf? qD;ESif;rukef? yl [ k e f r onf ; ? ysH U ysH U jynf ; om;..}} aqmif;rukef aEGwpf0ufjzpftifukd tif;0acwfpmqd&ite;f ndK k S f k zGUJ qdouJo?Ykd aeYtcg tawmftoifyvmNy;D ? ntcgwGif aqmif;&moD\ k h h l zGm;zufawmfrsm;jzpfMuonhf ajrmufavnif;ESihf aqmif;ESif;<uif;wdkYu &SaeMuqJjzpfonf/ aqmif;&dyaqmif;aiGUrsm;u rjy,fao;yJ at;Nrat; d f J vsufyif &Sdao;onf/ aeY y l n csrf ; waygif ; vvo&rf ; xdkYaMumifh? a&S;vlBuD;olrrsm;u ]]aeYylvdkY ncsrf;? waygif;v vo&rf;}} [k qdx;kH jyKMu\/ odaomfvnf; wpfcsKd Uu waygif;v\&oudk k Yk odkY qdkcJhMuygao;onf/ ]]csrf ; jrroef ? jyif ; xef r yl ? vG i f j rLraxmif ; ? G e f a ysmif ; rcsOf ; ? avjyif ; rvm..}} waygif;v\ &moDOwkrSm? rcsrf;vGef; rylvGef;ao;ay/ obm0tajctaeudku om,mvSojzihf? tvGefyifaexdkifaumif; onhf &moDvjzpfavonf/ waygif ; vnf ; ul ; ? rd k ; om;MuL; cgaEGprf;p waygif;v&moDwGif? awmawmif0ef;usifwpfcdk opfyifysKd ttaygif;wdrm? &Gua[mif;rsm;a<u &GuE&uopfrsm; a0ae kd Yk S f f k G f avNyDjzpfav&m? 0ef;usifwpfcdkwGif pdrf;vef;pdkajy txl;om,maeay awmhonf/ tmuma0[if xufaumif;uifwGifum;? ]]waygif;vnf;ul;? rdk;om;MuL;}} [lonhf rdk;bGJUvuFmESifhtnD? rdk;om;wdrfvdyfwdkYonf tqdkif vkduf tzGJUvdkuf twGJvkduf? xkdrSrS wpf&dyf&dyfwufvsuf? &Gmawmhrvdk rdk;vHk;NydKrQ wcJeuf pkHk;aeMuonfrSm e,f&SpfcGifwdkif; rIefa0a0rdIif;vsuf &Sdaeayawmhonf/ jrpf a &jyif w pf a Mum yd k u f a rsmaeonh f ud k w H i grsm; xdkonhfvwGif? at;jrMunfvifNidrfoufaeaom jrpfa&jyifudk MunhvQivnf;? avSersm;udk a'gif'ifw;D vsuf yduuersm;csum? bmom f f H k f G f "avhaysmarGUaeMuonhf a&vkyom;wHigonfBu;D rsm;udk awGUjrifMu&ay f f rnf/ om,mzG , f t xl ; Munf E l ; zG , f t zH k z H k a ygif ; qH k c anmif ; vwaygif ; odkYvQif? om,mzG,ftxl;xl; MunfEl;zG,ftzHkzHkwdkY aygif;qHk canmif; waygif;v&moDjzpfavonfaMumihf]]0ey * k a r ,x zk d w a* ? *d r S m e rmao yXro d * d a rS / wxl y rH "r 0 &H ta'o,d ? ed A m e*grd H y &rH [d w m,..}} tppGmaom aEGO;D umv waygif;vonf? tGetxl; uGejYf rL; Yf a0jzm? om,mvSyaeaom opfyifopfawmwdkYjzihf? usufoa&r*Fvm t&SdqHk;? om,mMunfEl;zG,f&mtaumif;qHk;jzpfbdouJhokdY..? qif;&Jcyf odrf; 0#fZmwfodrf;l csKyfNidrf;&mrSef jrwfedAmefudk rsufarSmufjyK&m jyK aMumif; w&m;"rtaygif;wdkYudk? waygif;v om,myHkESihf yrmjyKwifpm; vsuf Ak'&Sifawmfbk&m;udk,fwdkif a[mMum;awmfrlcJhayonf/ ]]waygif ; omacgif ? vrsm;aemif ? &moD M uuf a qmif ; ? vwpf a ygif ; }} ]]waygif;vom? vwumxuf? EdIif;&mzufa&Smif? vrsm; aemif } } ]]&moD w G i f ? pmnD a jymayy? aMumomNrJ . .}} q,fEpv&moDvwumwdxuf tvGetMuL; txl;om,myHk S f Yk f wdkYudk a&S;pmqdkBuD;rsm; toD;oD;csD;usL;zGJUqdkcJhMuonfrSm a&wGufvdkYyif &paumif;rnfrxif/ ig;rsm;&T i f j rL; Bud K uf E S p f o uf w J h & moD waygif;vudk aA'ifynmtvdktm;jzihf rdef&moD[kac:onf/ ig;[kt"dym,f&onhf ygVdyk'frderS rdefjzpfvmonf/ ig;rsm; &TifjrK;BudKuf ESpfoufaom&moD? ig;ESpfaumifkyfeuwf&Sdaom &moD[kqdkvdkonf/ oJ a pwD w nf q J r d k Y omvS w ,f a v; pef ; ,S O f e u w f r S m Ow & b&*k P D j zpf o nf / o&zD y ef ; ud k waygif;v\ &moDyef;tjzpf todtrSwfjyKMuonf/ waygif;vwGif jrpfrsm;acsmif;rsm; a&ppfum aomifcHkoJjyifrsm;ay:xGef;vmojzihf a&S;tcgu oJyHkapwDwnfonhf&moDyGJ usif;yavh&SdMuonf/ eHeuf 6 em&D 10 rdepfwGif aexGuf? nae 5 em&D 10 rdepfwGif ae0ifojzihf? aeYwmwdk nwm&Snfaom &ufpHkvjzpfonf/ xdaMumihf pmqdr[mtwkvrif;Bu;D u waygif;vudk odYk pmzGUJ qdcav Yk k k hJ onf/ ]]Nrd K if a jci,f o if ; ygvd k Y ? tif M uif ; i,f a &T z D ? 0wf r H I i ,f p D onf ? jrpf e 'D a omif w cd k u ? armif r ,f n d K jrL;jyef a wmh w ,f a v;}} &moDrdefi,f? *drSmef&ufajymif;? vwaygif;rdkY? &Gufa[mif; a<uum? Ow & mES i h f ? Mu,f r S m bj'yd k ' f ? av;csuf c sd e f u d k ? wd r f a jc qdkufvdkY? pdkufu,fazG&Sm? udkwHigvJ? bmomawmifwif? aysmfjrK; om&T i f a wmh w ,f ? obif v cgrS D u d k ? oJ a pwD aiG a omif ; urf ; u? vG r f ; vS w ,f a v;.../ / "r x uf u d k tjynf j ynf q d k i f & max&0g'Ak ' o moemjyKwu o d k v f &ef u k e f N rd K U/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

26

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awG Y a ecJ h M u&wm ud k , f r suf a ph a tmuf r S m vlvm;ajrmufoGm;Muwm txufwef;ynm atmif j rif oG m ;MuwmawG u rarh E d k i f p &m awGyg/ wynfh rsm;udvr;f vnf; vGr;f rdygw,f/ k G owd&p&mav; awGuvnf;ay:vm wwfyg w,f/ 'Dausmif;u ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD; OD;atmifMunfukd rSwfrdMutkH;rSmyg? oabm vnf;aumif; apwemvnf;aumif;ygw,f/ touf(60)eD;aewJh vlBuD;&JUobm0twdkif; pmoif c ef ; tjyif b uf ausmif ; om;pk p k H k ; H k ; jrif & if ausmif ; om;awG a emuf vduuavh&ygw,f/ ausmif;om;awGuawmh k f kd f dS aMumuf p d w f r jzpf a y:Muygbl ; ? ajy;vT m ; ykef;uG,f&wmudk aysmfp&m oabmxm;Mu wmyg? ajy;&if ; eJ Y This cat is coming aMumifvmaeNyD? atmifMunfvmaeNyDvdkY atmf a jy;Muwmav? q&mrrsuf a ph x J j rif a,mifaerdao;w,f/ ck v d k a wG U qH k p um;ajymcG i f h & wk e f ; q&mrpum;vuf a qmif y g;csif y gw,f ? vlorsm; vSwhJ t&G,o;kH yg;twGuf avmueDwd d f tqdk trdefYwpfckrSm i,f&G,fpOfrSmynm&Sm vlvwft&G,frSm pD;yGm;&Sm? vlBuD;t&G,frSm bm0emyGm;ygqdkwm tJ'gavSeH"g;xpfrSwfvdkY r&ygbl;/ aojcif;w&m;qkdwm ukd,hftem;rSm &S d w mr[k w f v m;? qef Y a omvuf r auG ; rD ? auG;aomvufrqefrvawmif wifpm;ajymMu Y D Ydk ao;wmyJ? tJ'Dawmh tcsdef&Sdckduf ynm&Sm&if; vnf; ukokdvf&atmif,l&r,f/ pD;yGm;&Sm&if; pmrsufESm 29 okdY

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

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"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/ aomvrf;udk xif&Sm;pGmjrifEkdifyg\/ (8) xd k Y x uf t vG e f u m; txuf oHa,mZOf (5) yg; (ly&m*? tly&m*? O'p? rme? t0dZm) udk y,fvsuf oHk;q,hfwpfbHku vGeajrmufaom edAmefovnf;aumif; vrf;Tef f Ykd awmfrlyg\/ (9) usihfpOft&vnf;umarokembd*daZ,s? reom tem0da,mod,m? ukoavmoA"rmeH? oawm bduK y&dAaZwd? (uu) umr*kPfy,f? (cc) pdwfudkMunfvifap? (**) w&m;rSeforQ tedp? (CC) owdy|mefjzihf ZGciciusi[k J dk f dk f fh yg&m,eokwfwGif Tefjyawmfrlyg\/ (10) xdkYaMumihf umr*kPfudky,fjcif; jzihf pdwfudkMunfvifapjcif;wdkYonf jA[m"mwf jyef0ifapjcif;jzpfNyD;? jA[m"mwfrS 0dyemESihf ,SOfaom qEd'dyg'fudk jzpfapvsuf edAmefudk udi;f di;f aponhf oabmaqmifygonf/ ow0g k I tqihfrS jA[tqihfodkYjrihfNyD; jA[mtqihfrS jA[mvGef edAmefodkY OD;wnfapawmfrlygonf/ (11) odkYjzpf Ak'\vrf;pOfawmf t&vnf; jA[m"mwfutajccHvsuf 0dyem kd ynm? r*fynmjzihf edAmefodkY TefjyaMumif; qifjcifEdkifygonf/ 2/ rsufarSmufacwftHhMozG,fjzpf&yfrsm;ESihf jA[mpGrf;&nfrsm; <uif;usefyHkudk oufao cH a xmuf wif j yjcif ; (u) yk * H a cwf (1) usefppfom;rif;\ om;awmf &mZukrm\pdwf"mwfonf rif;tjzpfudk&jcif; xuf rdbudkaus;Zl;qyfvsuf usefppfom;\ ajr;awmf tavmif;pnfol &aomrif;pnf;pdrf tay: rk'dwmyGm; aeEdkif\/ pGrf;&nfonf jA[mpdwf"mwf<uif;usefyHkwpfck[k qdkEdkifyg\/ (2) teEol&d,trwf\ rsufajz vuFm (4) yd'onf ud,tay: owfrecsoukd k f k fh d Yf l yif cGifhvTwfaMumif;jzihf jA[m\ Oayumpdwf "mwf t<uif;tusefudk awGUEdkifyg\/ (3) rdzk&m;apmvHk\ oDvpGrf;&nf t"d|mefpr;f &nfjzihf rD;&J&NJ i;D aom oHysOay:wGif G f (2) Budrfwdkif raobJ&yfjyEdkifaompGrf;&nfrSm jA[mpGrf;&nfvufusef[k qdkEdkifygonf/ (4) anmifO;D zD;? ivH;k vufz,f? iaxG l;wdkY\ omrmefvlawGxuf pGrf;aqmifEdkifpGrf; &SdMujcif;udkvnf; jA[pGrf;&nfvufusef[k qdEiygonf/ k kd f (c) tif ; 0acwf (1) rif;Bu;D &efaemif\ &Sib&ifpnf; f k h pdrfudk pGefYvTwfEdkifpGrf;&Sdaom Oayumpdwf"mwf onf jA[mpdwf"mwfvufusef[k qdkEdkifyg\/ (*) awmif i l a cwf (1) bk&ihfaemif\ vufatmufcH EdkifiHrsm;tay:xm;&Sdaom arwm? ukPm pdwxm;onfvnf; jA[pw"mwf vufuse[k f d f f qdkEdkifyg\/ (C) yxruk e f ; abmif a cwf (1) tavmif;bk&m; OD;atmifaZ,s \ trsdK;bmomomoemudk xdef;odrf;apmifh a&Smuf&efrSwyg; tjcm;udprsm;udk OayumI EdkifpGrf;&SdonfrSmvnf; jA[pdwf"mwfvufusef [k qdkEdkifyg\/ (i) 'k w d , uk e f ; abmif a cwf (1) rif ; wk e f ; rif ; vuf x uf w G i f ppfudkif;wdkif;twGif;&Sd x&efum&GmolBuD;onf tvGeftajy;jrefaMumif; zsifjzLtawmif (20) udk udkifajy;vQif ajy;oludkrjrif&? zsifjzL wvGifhvGihfudkom jrif&aMumif; [Hom0wD OD;b&if\ txkywd awGU&yg\/ pGrf;&nf onfvnf; jA[mpGrf;&nf vufusef[kqdkEdkifyg \/ (2) aygufvS\ pGrf;&nfjy unifyif udk xkwcsi;f cwfveEifh xd;k pdujf yjcif;onfvnf; f S f S k jA["mwft<uif;tusef[k qdkEdkifygonf/ (p) rsuf a rS m uf a cwf (1) q&mawmf OD ; 0d p d w o m&\ yd#uwf (3) yHk EIwfiHkaqmifEdkifpGrf;onf urm rSm wpfOD;rSr,SOfEdkifaom pGrf;&nfjzpf\/ onfvnf; jA[pr;f &nfvufuse[k qdEiyg\/ G f k kd f (2) urmay:wGif xif&m;aom tPk S jrLvufeufEifh odyxe;f um;atmif pGr;f aqmif S H G Ediow\ pGr;f &nfrsm;onfvnf; jA[mpGr;f &nf k f l Ykd vufusef[k qdk&ygrnf/ (3) aq;ynm&Siw\pGr;f aqmif&nf f Ykd jrihfonfxufjrihfvmMujcif;onfvnf; jA[m pGrf;&nfvufusef[k qdk&ygrnf/ (4) jrefrmjynfrSm xl;jcm;qHk;tHhzG,f yk*Kd vwpfO;D ? oluawmhrauG;wdi;f yGijfh zLNrKd Ue,f? f k ausmif;awmf&mbk&m;teD; &Gmwpf&mwGif aeyg G onf/ olemrnf rq,fwifjzpfyg\/ bmtpm; Y tpmrS rpm;yg/ a&wpfcgwpf&aomufwmu H vGJ reufpm npm bmrS rpm;yg/ 1991 ckESpfu uREfkyfwdkYoGm;awGUpOfu olr\rdcifESihf

jrLzGJUpnf;rIodkY qEd'dyg'fjzihf ajymif;Edkifjcif;jzpf onf[k qd&ygrnf/ xdpsmefys&aohrsm;aovQif k k H jA[ m jynf a &muf o nf [ k tmVm&? O'u paomyk*dKvfom"ursm;&Sdygonf/ um;kyf y&rwfrS jA[m"mwfodkY vrf;yGifhrIaywnf;/ (4) xdkYaMumihf y&rwft&Sdw&m; (3) yg;onf jA[b0rS oufqif;vmaom ow0g twGuf jA[mb0jyefoGm;&ef tcGifhtvrf;&Sd aMumif; qufpyfroabmudk jrifawGUEdiygonf/ I k f (*) jrwfAk'\ edAmefodkY c&D;vrf;Tef csuft& wifjyjcif;/ (1) Ak'\ edAmefc&D;vrf;TefrSm(uu) cEm 5 yg;udk (7) Xmejzihfod (cc) cEm 5 yg;udk NiD;aiGU (edAdE) (**) cEm 5 yg;udk wyfrufjcif;uif; (0d&m*) (CC) cEm 5 yg;csKyf (eda&m") (ii) cEm 5 yg;pGefY (y#ded*) (2) cEm 5 yg; (7) Xmejzihf odqjkd cif; rSm v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ Owryk&do 'DyeDtwkdif;jzpfygonf/ Ak'\owXme w&m; ESihf tnDvnf;jzpfyg\/ tusOf ; csKyf r S m - k y f ? a0'em? onm? ocF g &? 0d n mPf o nf taMumif ; aMumif h j zpf a om tusd K ;omjzpf \ / om,mrIudk ay;wwf\/ xdkom,mrIonf rNrJ y suf w wf \ / xd k c E m 5 yg;u vG w f ajrmufvdkaomf cEm 5 yg;aMumifh& aom om,mrI u d k cH p m;vd k a omqE u d k pG e f Y v T w f &ef j zpf \ / (3) odkY cEmudkodaomtcg rNrJ qif ; &J tpd k ; r&aomcE m tay: NiD ; aiG U (ed A d E ) Pf j zpf \ / (4)cE m tay: wyf r uf j cif ; uif ; \/ (5)b,f b 0 b,f c E m rS rES p f ouf pGefYvTwf&ef toifhjzpf\/ pGefYvTwfNyD; b,f q D o d k Y ud k i f ; &d I i f ; &r,f ? ed A m ef o d k Y [ k T e f j yawmf r l y g\/ (6) xdkYaMumihf Ak'onf 'ge? oDv? ynmjzihf aomwmyefjzpfapvsuf ou'g*grf jzpfapvsuf ewfjynfodkYvnf;aumif;? (7) oDv orm"d ynmjzihf atmuf oHa,mZOf (5) yg; ('d|?d 0dpupm? oDvAwy&m d d rmo? umr&m*? y#dC oHa,mZOf) udjk zwfum raorDuyif tem*grfjA[mESinaomtqihoYkd fh D f vnf;aumif;? (31) bHkwGif tjrihfqHk;odkY Tefjy awmfrlyg\/ xdkYaMumihf jA[mtjzpfodkY yGifhae

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/ om;i,fwpfOD;ESihftwlaexdkifonfudk awGU&yg \/ olYtaMumif;udk pma&;q&m rauG;0if;jrihf u aqmif;yg;a&;om;xm;onfudkvnf; zwfzl; yg\/ ae&mtwdtusod&SdqufoG,fvdkaomf pma&;q&m rauG;0if;jrihEiqufo,oifyg\/ f S hf G f h ,if;rdef;uav;onf tquftoG,f&Sd urmh tH h z G , f p m&if ; 0if j zpf a tmif ]]tpmrpm;bJ b,f a vmuf M umatmif a ejy&rvJ ? aejy r,f}} [k pdefac:Edkifoljzpfyg\/ pGrf;&nf onfvnf; jA[pr;f &nfvufuse[k qdEiyg\/ G f k kd f (5) vlwdkif;wGif&Sdaom jA[pGrf;&nf vufuserm ]]rD;ab;ESiaoab; ponfBuKH vm f S fh vQif omrmeftcsdef rdrdrpGrf;Edkifaom 0efudk o,faqmifEdkifjcif;? rdrdckefzl;aomtjrihfudk ckef ausmfoGm;Edkifjcif;paom pGrf;tm;rsm;rodbJ &Sdaewwfjcif;yifjzpfygonf/ wif j ycsuf r sm;ud k NcH K iH k q d k & ygvQif ]]vlow0grsm;onf jA[m"mwfcH&Sdaom jA[m tqihfrS a&GUavsmqif;oufvmMuolrsm;jzpf onf}} [k Tefjyawmfrljcif;udk oAnKwPf t&mjzpf omrmef t od Pf a vmuf j zih f jiif;qdk&efr&SdaMumif; avhvmawGU&SdEdkifygonf/ xdxufus,us,jf yefjY yefavhvmav jA[b0rS k f Y ow0gawG qif;oufvmaMumif; oabmonf ydk cdkifrmavjzpfEdkifygonf/ od k Y j zpf Ak ' b mom0if a umif ; wpfa,muftaejzihf jA[m\umr*kPy,fpwf f d pifMu,fapaomtqihfrS jA[bHkvGefedAmef[l aom oEocodYk OD;wnfavQmufvr;f oifaMumif; d k S h wdkufwGef;&if; t*nokwfudk avhvmylaZmf tyfyg ownf;/ rS D j irf ; aomusrf ; pmrsm; 1/ ygxdu0*f ygVdawmf (pm- 71) t*nokwf 2/ cE0*ESihf oVm,we0*oH,kwfygVdawmf owXmeokwf (pm- 49) 3/yg&m,eokwf (tZdw\ykpmudk ajzMum;awmf rljcif;) 4/ yXrorPjA[Pokwf r[m0*o,wygVd H k f awmfpm (176^177) 5/'kw,orPjA[Pokwf r[m0*o,wygVd d H k f awmf pm (23) 6/ y|rjA[nokwf r[m0*oH,kwfygVdawmf pm (23) 7/ 'kw,jA[nokwf r[m0*o,wygVdawmf d H k f pm (23) 8/y|rjA[p&d,okwf r[m0*o,wygVdawmf H k f pm (23) 9/ 'kwd,jA[p&d,okwf r[m0*oH,kwfygVd awmf pm (24) 10/ Mo&rm*d,okwf r[m0*oH,kwfygVdawmf pm (60) 11/ O'Hbm*d,okwf r[m0*oH,kwfygVdawmf pm (61) 12/ 'dya'ookwf r[m0*oH,kwfygVdawmf pm (225) 13/ owrokwf r[m0*oH,kwfygVdawmf pm (226) 14/ y&rwpuKusrf; - bHk kyf&jyjcif; (104) - uvmyfpnf; yrmP (95) 15/ rSefeef;r[m&mZ0ifawmfBuD; 16/ [Hom0wDOD;b&if txkywd armif r sKd ; xG e f ; (jrif ; NcH ) pmrsufESm 26 rS vnf; ukokdvf&atmif,l&rSmyg/ tESpfokH;yg; jzpfwJh 'geukodkvf? oDvukodkvf? bm0em ukovawG tpOfxm0& &,lMuapcsiygw,f/ dk f f q&mr 'DaeYajymwm ukodkvf 3 rsKd;? t&G,f 3 yg;? tESpf 3 yg;? okH;*Pef;csnf;jzpf aeNyD? ukodkvf 3 rsKd;u tcktmp&d,ylaZmfyGJrSm rjyKcif jyKqJ jyKNyD;ukokdvfrsm;&aeMuygNyD/ t&G,f ok;H yg;taeeJY wynhwynm&SmrS;D Mu&wJh f Ydk yxrt&G,fvGefajrmufcJhMuNyD? Z&mysKdawGjzpf aeMuNyD? Z&mtkdawGukd Z&mysKdawGu ylaZmf uefawmhMuwJh yGJayhg/ Z&mykdif;a&mufMuNyDqkdawmh tESpf ok;H yg; &Muapcsiw,f? 'geukovqwmawmh f dk f dk jyKrSef;rodukdjyKrdNyD; jzpfoGm;wmyg/ qGrf;awmfyGJ pGefYNyD; acG;? aMumifauR;vkdufwm iSufuav; awGukd qef? yJcsauR;wm a&tifwkHav;wnf xm;ay;wm? ukd,f&JUt0wftxnftcsKdUukd rdbrJa*[mokvLS wm? pmtkypmwrf;? w&m;acG h Yd f wkdYukday;Ekdifwmay; iSm;EkdifwmiSm;wm? ukd,fh taygif;toif;tcsKdUukd aiGacs;iSm;wm? EIwfeJY apmifrjcif;? vueJYapmifrjcif;rsKd;eJYulnDwm? aqGrsK;d rdwaqG? {nfonfawGudk wnf;ckciay; f h d G fh wm? aeY p Of q G r f ; 0wf j yKwm? wpf c gwpf & H qGrf;auR;qGrf;avmif;jyKwm? tckvkd tmp&d, ylaZmfyGJvkyfwm? 'gawGu tm;vkH;'gejyK&m a&mufwJhukokdvfaumif;rIawGcsnhfygyJ/ oDvukovqwm oDvapmihxe;f zkYd kd f dk f d yg/ oDvqkdwm aumif;pGmxm;jcif;? aumif;pGm aqmif&Gufjcif;vkdY t"dym,f&w,f? ukd,fusihf oDv? pm&dwrysufpD;atmif apmihfxdef;&rSmyg/ uk d , f u k d , f w k d i f v nf ; apmif h x d e f ; &r,f /

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wu,fawmh ukd,fhwm0efukdaus&if pm&dw oDv NrJwmygyJ/ rdbjzpfvm&if rdbwm0ef? q&m jzpfvm&if q&mwm0ef? 0efxrf;qkd&if 0efxrf; wm0ef? aps;onfq&if aps;onfwm0ef? dk &[ef; qkd&if &[ef;wm0ef? tJ'Dvkd ukd,fh tvkyudk av;pm;? jrwfE;dk ? aumif;atmifvy&if f k f pm&dw oDv&Sdygw,f/ oDvukodkvf&aeygNyD/ bm0emukokdvf,lykH,lenf;av;ukd ajymjytkH;r,f? wdyd#u"& a,mq&mawmf&JU ]at;jr&TiNf yK;H vlEv;Hk } w&m;pmtkyxu t&G,f Y S f J ra&G;tm;xkwfEkdifwJh enf;aumif;av;yg/ aeY p Of x rif ; eJ Y p m;aomuf z G , f &mawG pm;aeMuwmukdyJMunhfyg/ reufpm; vk d u f a wmh naeqmw,f ? naepm; vk d u f j yef a wmh reuf r S m qmjyef w ,f ? 'gawG [ mMunh f w wf & if 0d y emyJ ? uk e f o G m ;vk d Y q mw,f q k d a wmh uk e f w m ajymif ; vJ a zmuf j yef w m[m ted p y J ? qmwm[m'kuyJ? cEmu ukd,fhtvkdrvkduf? uk d , f u om cE m aemuf vk d u f N yD ; auR;&? pm;&rS m jzpf v d k Y tew y J / aeY p Of x rif ; [if ; csuf j yKwf aeMuwJ h t cg qef u xrif ; jzpf o G m ;yk H ? om;ig;[if ; oD ; [if ; &G u f a wG u [if ; jzpf oGm;ykHawGpm;vkduf awmh ukefoGm;ykHawG[m Munh f w wf & if 0d y emygyJ / aeY p Of vl a wG v k y f a eMuwJ h pm;0wf aea&;? pD ; yG m ;a&;? vl r I a &;awG tm;vk H ; [mtod ? owd ? acgif ; wG J w yf q if ay;vk d u f & if ' ge?oD v ? orm"d 0 d y em pG r f ; tm;awG c snf ; ygyJ / ted p ? 'k u ? tew q if j cif M unf h & if bm0em uk o d k v f &aeygNyD / 'gaMumifhvlYb0? cPwmrSm 'ge ukodkvf? oDvukodkvf? bm0emukodkvfqdkwJh tESpfoHk;yg; &Muygap? wynfhwdkYudkpum;vuf aqmifyg;&vdYk 0rf;omMunfE;l ? xl;xl;uJu?J yDwd jzpf & ygw,f ? yD w d p m;vd k Y tm;&S d a eygNyD v d k Y q&mrBu;D a':cifaqGjrifh ajymMum;oGm;ygw,f/ (27-12-2009)aeY acsmufNrKd U? trSw(1)tajccH f ynmtxufwef;ausmif;? tmp&d,ylaZmfyJG q&mrBuD; a':cifaqGjrifh\ a[mMum;csuf)/ wif oef ; oef ; wi h (5-2-2010)

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

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31

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32

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33

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

34

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35

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

36

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37

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DHAMMA V IRA FOR YOUTHS

38

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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39

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Building up a prosperous living

By Dhamma Vi-ra Thandar Aung , ITBM University, Yangon.

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THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

csrf ; omjcif ; ok c ES i f h jynf h 0 pG m &S i f o ef E k d i f a &;twG u f jznfhqnf;wnfaqmufjcif;

" r 0D & - o Em atmif taMumif;tcsuf t*Fg&yfrsm;eJY udunwtcgumvrsm;udk qdvygw,f/ k f D hJ k kd oih f a wmf a omtcsd e f t cgES i f h 0d a ooumvrsm; (u) rdrdoEmefrSm umr0dwuf umr*kPfcHpm;a&; BuHawG; pdwful; ponfwdkYjzpfay:aewJh tcgumvrsdK;/ (c) rdrdoEmefrSm Asmyg'0dwuf olwpfyg;ysufpD;&mysufpD; aMumif;eJYpyfvdkY BuHpnfpdwful;aewJhtcgumvrsdK;/ (*) rdrdoEmefrSm 0d[d Hom0dwuf olwpfyg;udk nOf;qJ'kuay; zdkY BuHpnfpdwful;aewJhtcgrsdK;/ (C) w&m;"ra[majymjyoEdkifwJh olawmfaumif;rsm;xH qnf;uyfNy;D rdrrmjzpfaewJoo,pdwawGyaysmufatmif awGUqHaqG;aEG; d S h H f k aewJhtcgrsdK;eJY (i) oifavsmavsmufywfvYkd &[ef;oHCmawmft&Sijf rwfrsm;xH h f qnf;uyfavQmufxm;cGifh&wJhtcGifhta&;eJYBuHKBudKufwJh OykofaeY oDwif; oDvapmifhxdef;wJhtcgrsdK;awGrSm w&m;"rem,ljcif; jyKMuzdkY jzpfygw,f/

umave "r 0eH - oif h a wmf w J h t cgrS m w&m;emjcif ; /

. Kalena dhamma savanamTo listen to the dhamma at the proper time.

Proper time or occasions (Kala) . -lena Dhamma savanam means timely listening to the Ka Dhamma. Proper times or occasion (Kala) can be known as in the following: (a) when one is influenced with thought of sense- pleasures. (b) when one is influenced with malevolent thought. (c) when one is influenced with thought of harming others. (d) on meeting with a preacher who could remove one's doubts. (e) appropriate time to get access to the members of Sanghas, that is, on Sabbath days.

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