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Address
Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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FORE ARTICLES
"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ Kd;EGrf;NyD; tm[m&rpm;okH;&if aoqkH;zkdYyJ&Sd ygw,f/ oufrJhopfyifawGvnf; tyl"mwf? tat;"mwf ? a&"mwf ? av"mwf a wG u k d tm[m&tjzpf rSDwif;NyD; &Sifoefaejcif;jzpfay w,f/ 'Davmufqkd&if ocFg&oabm NcKHikHrd avmufygNyD/ ed , mrig;yg; 1/ ured,mr- uHw&m;wkdY&JUjzpfNrJobm0 w&m;/ 2/ pdwed,mr- pdwftpOf&JU jzpfNrJobm0 w&m;/ 3/ Owked,mr- &moDOwkwdkY&JU obm0twkdif; ajymif;vJjzpfpOfw&m;/ 4/ ADZed,mr- rsKd;aphwkdY&JU olYobm0twkdif; jzpfxGef;rIw&m;/ 5/ "red,mr- "rwdkY&JUyifukdoabmrS ra&GU avsmbJ jzpfNrJtwkdif;jzpfaejcif;w&m;/ - ,m'doH 0yaw ADZ?H wm'doH [&aw zvH/ uvsmPum&D uvsmPH? ygy um&Dp ygyuH/ (o*gxm0*oH,kwf) tMuifrsK;d aphudk pkuysK;d \/ xkrsK;d aph d f d obm0ed,mrtwki;f tyifayguf\/ (o&uf d rsK;d aphpuysK;d &if o&ufyif? ydEyifaygufrnfyif? dk f J ed,mr) aumif;rIjyKvQif aumif;usKd;&rnf/ raumif;rIjyKvQif raumif;usKd;yif&&Sdrnf/ uHw&m;wdkY&JU obm0ed,mrw&m;yif/ avmuokH;yg;eJY ed,mrw&m; avmuok;H yg;wktay: ed,mrw&m; Yd wk\ tusK;d oufa&mufrI (okr[kw) avmueJY Yd Yd f ed,mrul;vl;qufE,ywuvnf; odxm;oifh G f Hk Ydk dk ayw,f/ ow a vmuBuD ; uk d ur e d , mreJ Y pdwed,mrwkdYu qufEG,faus;Zl;jyKvsuf&Sd ygw,f/ "red,mrqdkwJh jzpfNrJw&m;oabm obm0uawmh ow? ocFg&? MoumoqkdwJh avmuBuD;okH;yg;pvkH; tBuKH;0ifygw,f/ ed,mrw&m;[m avmuokH;yg;ESihf ,SOfwGJqufpyfaewmukd a&;om;wifjyvkduf wmyg/ earm or m or K ' rk H & G m aeZm

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Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0wdjynf aZw0efausmif;awmf aeawmfrlaomtcg om0wNd rKUd rS trsK;d om;ig;&mwkonf &[ef; jyK ur|mef;pD;jzef;jcif;iSm awmausmif; 0if uke\/ Yd f wdtrnf&Sdaom ysif;&daom &[ef;wpfyg;um; aZw0efausmif;awmfwGif usef&pf\/ awmausmif;aeaom &[ef;ig;&m wdonf &[Emjzpf bk&m;txHjyefvm uke\/ bk&m;&Sionf Yk f f xkd&[ef;wkdYtm; csD;rGrf; awmfrl ysif;&daom &[ef;onf bk&m;&Sif csD;rGrf;ukdcH&aom tazmf &[ef;wdkYukdjrifrS tm;wuf r*fzkdvfukd&vkdaomaMumifh wnOfhvkH;pBuF HoGm; tm;xkwf&mwGif ausmufzsmay:vJ aygifusK;d av\/ taMumif;ukd Mum;awmfr w&m;a[mawmfrl jcif;iSm l ]]O|meumvrSd tEk|[maem}} paom *gxmukd a[mawmfrl\/ O|meumvrSd tEk|[maem? ,k0g AvD tmvod,H Oaywm/ oHoEouFyraem ukoDawm? ynm, r*H tvaom e 0dEwd/ jref r muAsm x<ucsdefus r<uaerl? ysKdjrpfEkxGm; cGeftm;jynhfol? tysif;vGefvS pdwfuBuH,l? ysif;vufatmuf 0ifa&mufckdaerl? ynmjzpfh &oifhr*fvGJol/
The idler who strives not when he should strive, who thought young and strong is slothful, with mind and purpose depressd. the lazy one does not by wisdom realize the Path.

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

a*gwrAk'ESihf rif;wdkY\ avmuobm0"r jyemajz&Sif;enf;rsm; (1)

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(,cif t ywf r S t quf ) tavmif ; awmf \ cG i h f j yKcsuf t & at;jraom ausmuf z smtjyif xd k i f v suf tavmif;awmf\ taetxdkif &d,mykxf tvG e f M unf n d K vS 0rf ; ajrmuf 0 rf ; om EIwfqufpum;ajymMum;NyD;vQif ]taqGawmf oifum; touft&G,f Eke,fysKjd rpfygao;\? tvH;k t&yftqif;oPmef MueftifESihfvnf; jynhfpHkolvnf;jzpfygonf/ ZmwfESihfjynhfpHkol cwd,tEG,f pifMu,fol wpfa,muf[l uREfkyf,lqyg\/ tuREfkyf onf taqG a wmf t m; uREf k y f p d k ; yd k i f o nf h t*Fwdkif;? rm*"wdkif;ESpfwdkif;wdkY taqGawmf tvdk&SdorQ rif;pnf;pdrfudkay;yg\/ xD;eef; tkyfcsKyfrif;jyKvkyfawmfrlyg? taqGawmf\ trsKd;ZmwfEG,fudkvnf; rdefYMum;ay;yg} [k avQmufxm;um rif;pnf;pdrfjzihf zdwfMum; awmfrlavonf/ tu,f igonfrif;tjzpfudk tvdk &Sdjim;tHh? pwkr[m&mZfewfrif;BuD; av;OD;tp &Sdaom ewfrif;wdkYuyifaomfvnf; igYudk rdrdwdkY \ pdk;ydkif&m pwkr[m&mZfewfrif;? wm0wd H omewfrif;tp&Sdaom ewfrif;wdkY\ pnf;pdrf jzifh zdwfrEujyKukef&m\/ odkYr[kwf xD;eef; awmfMuiSe;f rSmyif qufvufp;kd tkyaexdivsuf f k f pMu0aw;rif;tjzpfukd igjyK&rnf/ {uefreay S f onf/ Adrom&rif;w&m;um; xdtaMumif;udk d k rod igYudk odkYajymqdkum rif;pnf;pdrfjzihf zdwfrEujyKay\/ igonf,ckyif xdkrif;udk

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/ ]cspf o m; uy oif c spf o m;\ pdwfESvHk;onf tqif;? toH? teHY? t&om? tawGUtxdwnf;[laom umr*kPfig;yg;ESihf rdef;rrsm; rarGUavsmfrESpfNcdKuf raysmfydkufjim; tHh? cspfom;uy ,if;odkY raysmfydkuf vlYjynf ewf j ynf tb,f t mH k oif c spf o m;\ pdwfESvHk;onf arGUavsmfESpfNcdKuf? aysmfydkufygo enf ; ? taMumif ; ud k oif c spf o m;onf igbk&m;tm; ajzMum;ajymqdkygavmh} ]bkef;awmfBuD;aom jrwfpGmbk&m; wynhfawmfonf &m*tp&Saom aMumihMf ujcif; d tvsif;r&Sdonfjzpf umrw&m;? b0w&m;rS vnf; tcsif;cyfodrf;rNidruyf uRwfvGwfaom y#doaEaejcif;? tdkjcif;? aojcif;uif;ojzihf azmufjyefjcif; tvsif;r&Sdaom wpfyg;aom olonf odaptyfonfhw&m;rsKd;vnf; r[kwf aom Oy"dav;wefqdwf&mrSefaom edAmef w&m;wdukd ydi;f jcm;xifxifojd rifNy;D aomaMumihf Yk k wynhawmfonf ,ZfBu;D trIvnf; rarGUavsmf f rESpfNcdKuf raysmfydkufawmhyg? aeYpOfaeYwdkif; rD;ylaZmfrvnf; raysmyurESpNf cKd uf rarGUavsmf I f kd f awmhygbk&m;} [k ajzMum;avQmufxm;NyD; rdrd onf Ak'\wynhjf zpfaMumif; aumif;pGmxif&m; S pdrfhaomiSm ae&mrSx udk,f0wfudk pHy,fNyD; vQif Ak'\ ajcawmf OD;acgif;udkwif ]]bkef;awmfBuD;aom jrwfpGmbk&m; t&Sifbk&m;onfwynhfawmf\ q&mjzpfawmf rlyg\}} [k avQmufxm; yxrtBudrf xef; wpfqihfcefY aumif;uifodkY ysHwuf oufqif; NyD;rS Ak'udk &Sdcdk;jyefonf/ 'k w d , tBud r f xef ; ES p f q if h c ef Y ? wwd,tBurf xef;oH;k qifcefY odponfjzihf d h Yk xef; (7)qihcefwiatmif ckEpBf uryif aumif; f Y kd f S d f uifodkY ysHwuf oufqif;NyD;epfrS Ak'udk &Sdcdk; um tjypfajcmufyg;uif;aomae&m oDwif; oHk; aexdkifawmfrlonf/ xdkwefcdk;jym#d[mudk awGUjrifMu& rsm;pGmaom ykPm;olaX;taygif;onf ]]atmf Ak'onf wefcdk;tmEkabmfBuD; rm;awmfrlygay\? odkYpOf uavmuftm;&SdcdkifcHh aom rdpm'd|t,l&vsuf rdru,ukd &[Em[k d dS d kd f rSwxifaeaom Oka0vuy&aohq&mBu;D f udkyifaomfvnf; 'd|duGef&ufudk csKd;zsufawmf rlum Ak'onf ,Ofaus;atmifqHk;rawmfrltyf avNyD} [k Ak'\*kPfaus;Zl;wdkYESihf pyfaom pum;udkomvQif csD;rGrf;ajymMum;Muavonf/ xdkolwdkY\csD;rGrf;pum;udk Mum;awmf rl Ak'u ]ykPm;olaX;taygif;wdkY ,cktcg oAnKwPfawmfudk &&Sdaomigbk&m;onf Oka0vuyudk ,Ofaus;atmifq;kH rjcif; rSm rtHhMoavmufao;yg? igbk&m;onf a&S; tcgu &m*ruif;ao;aom tavmif;awmf b0jzpfpOfuvnf; em&'rnfaom jA[mrif; BuD;jzpf Oka0vtavmif; t*Fwdrif;BuD;\ rdpmt,l uGef&ufudkcsKd;zsufcJhNyD} [k rdefYawmf rl ykPm;olaX;taygif;u awmif;yefojzihf r[mem&'Zmwfawmfukd a[mMum;awmfronf/ l Ak'onf ykPm;rsm; oHo,uif;aom pdw&onfukd odawmfr Adrom&rif;Bu;D trSL; f dS l d &Sdaom ykPm;olaX;taygif;udk r*fzdkvfa&muf aMumif; aumif;jrwfaom w&m;vrf;pOfjzpf aom 'geuxm? oDvuxm? o*uxm? r* uxm(umrmeHtm'De0uxm-aeurtmedoH ouxm) a'oemawmfwdkYudk tpOftwdkif; a[mMum;awmfrlonf/ rif;Bu;D ESiwuG ykPm;olaX;taygif; fh wdkYonf El;nHhaom pdwf? ydwfyifjcif;eD0&PrS uif;aompdwf? wuf<u0rf;ajrmufaom pdwf? Munfvifaompdwf&SdMuonfudk odawmfrlaom tcg Ak'onf rif;BuD;ESihf ykPm;y&dowfudk opmav;yg; w&m;awmfua[mMum;awmfr&m kd l rif;BuD;ESihf ykPm;wpfodef;wpfaomif;onf aomwmywdzdkvf wnfMuNyD; usefwpfaomif; um; o&P*HwnfOygoumrsm;jzpfMuavukef k onf/ xdktcg aomwmyefjzpfaom Adrdom &rif;BuD;u ]bkef;awmfBuD;aom jrwfpGmbk&m; wynhawmftm; tdra&SUrif;om;jzpfpOfu igYukd f f rm*"wdkif;olvltaygif;wdkYu &mZbdodufoGef; zsef;Muygrl aumif;avpG[k awmifhwcsufjzpfcJh ygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m; awmif;wcsufonf um; yxrawmifhwcsufjzpfygonf/ wynhf awmftm; xdkyxrawmihfwcsufonf jynhfpHkcJh ygNyD/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) wu o k d v f o Qif o D & d usrf ; uk d ; r[mAk ' 0 if u srf ; ? rif ; uG e f ; wd y d # u"&q&mawmf bk & m;BuD ;

NcH&Hvsuf Ak'xHarSmuf oGm;a&mufcsOf;uyf kdaojrwfEdk; &Sdcdk;NyD;vQif a0;? eD;? a&SU? aemuf? jrihfavmuf? avwif ajcmuftiftjyefuif;&m t&yf xdkifaeawmfrlonf/ Adrdom&rif;BuD;ESihf twlygvmaom ykPm;olaX;aygif;wdwif tcsKUd aomykPm;olaX; Yk G wdkYonf Ak'udk dkaojrwfEdk;Mu tjypfajcmuf yg;uif;aomae&m t&yf xdkifMuonf/ tcsKdUum; Ak'ESihf0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om EIwqufvsuf tjypfajcmufyg;uif;aom t&yf f xdkifMuonf/ tcsKdUu Ak'&Sd&modkY vuftkyfcsDNyD; tcsKdUum; rdrdwkdY\ trsKd;tEG,fudkajymMum;NyD; tcsKdUum; wkPSdabmaevsuf oihf&mae&m,l NyD; xdkifaeMuonf/ xdkodkYxdkifMuaomtcg ykPm;wdkY\ pdwfoEmef0,f ]todkYenf; &[ef;BuD;uyif Ok a0vuyxH wynhcum jrwfaomtusifh f H udk usihfoavm? odr[kwf Oka0v uyu Yk yif &[ef;Bu;D xH wynhcum jrwfaom f H tusihfudk usihfoavm} [k tBuHtpnfjzpfMu avonf/ Ak'onf xdkykPm;wkdY\ pdwftBuHudk apawmy&d,tbdnmPfjzihf odjrifawmfrl Oka0vuyudk ]cspfom; uy &aohwdkY\ acgif; yg;aom tusihfjzihfBuHKvSDaom udk,fcEm&SdMu onfh &aohwukd qH;k rwwfol q&mBu;D jzpfvsuf Ykd tb,ftjypfudkjrif rD;ylaZmfrIudk z,f&Sm; pGefYypfoenf;} cspom;uy=oihukd igbk&m;onf f f xdktaMumif;udk ar;jref;\? tb,ftaMumif; aMumihf oifonf rD;ylaZmfjcif;tusiukd pGey,f fh Yf tyfoenf;} [kar;onf/ ]bkef;awmfBuD;aom jrwfpGmbk&m; ,ZfyaZmfjcif;[laomtaMumif;aMumihf tqif;? l toH? teH?Y t&om? tawGUtxd[aom ig;jzm l aom tmH k ? umr*k P f w d k Y u d k v nf ; aumif ; ? xdkumr*kPfig;yg; vufonftm;jzihf ckyfpm; wwfousm;ESiwaom rde;f rrsm;udvnf;aumif; l fh l k ,Zfq&mBuD;rsm;uajymMum;Muygonf/ cEmig;yg; Oy"dw&m;wdkY xdktmHk ig;yg;rdef;rrsm;udk tnpftaMu;rsm;omjzpf aMumif; aumif;pGmodjrifaomaMumihf wynhf awmfonf ,ZfBuD;ylaZmfrIwdkY rarGUavsmf rESpfNcdKuf raysmfydkufawmhyg? aeYpOf aeYwdkif; rD;ylaZmfrIvnf; rarGUavsmf rESpfNcdKuf raysmf ydkufawmhygbk&m;} [k avQmufxm;onf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf avmuD avmukw&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

jrwfbk&m;*kPfawmf OD;cdkufylaZmf
[de;f rif;xuf(pdeuefvef) f Y Y
]op m av;yg;ud k ud k , f w k d i f o d o l ? udk,fwkdifodonfhtwkdif;? ow0gwdkYtm;vnf; odatmif a[mMum;Ekdifoljzpf Ak'(jrwfpGm bk&m;)rnfay\}
(The fully-Emlightemed; knower of the Four Areya Truths who can make others understand them as he himself has understood.)

]tMuifjrwfpmbk&m;onf atmiftyf G Ny;D aom udavomudk xyfratmif&efrvdawmh H k NyD/ avmujrwfpGmbk&m;atmifEkdifNyD;aom udavomaemufoYkd rnfonfuavomrS tpOf h d rvdkufEkdifawmhacs/ tydkif;tjcm;r&Sd usufpm; Ekionfh oAnKwPf &SawmfrNl y;D &m*paom d f d c&D;vrf;aMumif;r&Sdaom xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;udk tb,f c &D ; vrf ; aMumif ; jzih f oif w d k Y o nf jzm;a,mif;ac:aqmifEkdifygtHhenf;}} aAm"dr@dKif tZygvanmifyif&if; aeawmfraomtcg wPSm? t&wD? &m*gtrnf l &Sdaom rm&frif;orD;oHk;a,mufwdkYu txl;xl; tjym;jym;aom rmwk*gr[efzefqif;vsuf bk&m;&Sifudk umr*kPfjzifh jzm;a,mif;ajymqdk aomaMumifh xdkewforD;wdkYtm; &nfTef; a[mMum;onf h *gxmt"d y g ,f j zpf y g\/ ("ry'- Ak'0*f-rm&"Dw& 0wK) ]o'g a[mwd o'[wd wxm*w aAm"d H/} o'g-xufoefaom o'gw&m;ESihf jynhfpHkonf? a[mwd-jzpf\? wxm*xigbk&m;\? aAm"d H=t[kwftrSefudk xdk;xGif; aomPfawmfudk? o'[wd-,HkMunf\/} t&[Htp b*0gtqHk; *kPfawmf udk;yg;ESihf jynhfpHkawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m; ,HkMunfjcif;onf? t&d,0dZmaygufa&muf xajrmufatmifjrifa&;wGif yxrt*Fg&yfjzpf ayonf/ (1) jrwfpGmbk&m; ,HkMunfjcif; (2) udk,fvuft*Fgusef;rmcdkifcHhjcif;? (3) 0rf;wGif; ESv;kH ajzmihpif;jcif;? (4) 0D&,xufoefjcif;? (5) f d

kyfemrf? cEmwdkY\ jzpfyGm;rI? csKyfuG,frIwdkY Pf\pl;&Sjcif;[laom t*Fg(5)yg;ESihf jynhfpHk olromvQif t&d,0dZmvrf;aygufajrmufEiay S dk f onf/ (yr*Fkw&ygVdawmf) jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ow0grsm; pD;yGm; csr;f omtusK;d iSm yGiay:awmfrvmcJjh cif;jzpf\/ fh l jrwfpGmbk&m; ,HkMunfjcif;[lonf MunfndKrI o'gw&m;yifjzpf\/ &wemoH;k yg; rwkervIyf f Pf,SOfaom? ouf0if,HkMunfrIudk (Mouye o'g) [kac:qdk ykxkZOfwkdY &wemoHk;yg; MunfndKrIudk (yoEo'g)[k ac:qdkonf/ uyjrwf p G m bk & m;yG i h f a wmf rlpOfu 'g,umwpfa,mufonf qwmonf wpfO;D ESitwl oabFmpD;yifv,fjyifoYkd xGuf fh cJhonf/ yifv,fjyif (7) &yfajrmufaomaeY wGif oabFmysufavonf? olwdkYESpfOD;onf oabFmysurS ysOcsywpfcukd twlp;D arsmyg f f f k vmcJhNyD; uRef;i,fwpfuRef;odkY a&muf&SdMuav onf/ uRef;ay: &SdpOf qwmonfu iSufrsm; ud k ypf c wf rD ; uif p m;aomuf o nf / 'g,umudvnf; iSuom;rsm; rQa0ay;onf/ k f 'g,umurl iSufom;rsm;udk vHk;0rpm;acs/ taMumif;rl 'g,umonf &wemoHk;yg;udk MunfnKd u;kd uG, ]aomwmyef} wpfO;D jzpfaom f aMumihfyif/ ]vdktcgor, &wemoHk;yg;rS

wpfyg; tjcm;udk;uG,f&mr&Sd} [k ajymqdkNyD; &wemoHk;yg;\ *kPfaus;Zl;rsm;udkom rjywf ESv;kH oGi;f aeonf/ xdkuRef;aeaom e*g;rif;onf rdrd ud,ukd ]oabFm} toGizefqif;onf/ ork'&m k f f apmihewfu oabFmrSL;toGiaqmif ]ZrL'dy}f f f od k Y vd k u f v d k o l r sm; &S d M uygoavm} [k a<u;aMumfonf/ aomwmyef 'g,umu ]rdrdwdkYvdkuf vdkaMumif;ajym oabFmay:odkY wufcGihfjyK vduonf/ k f qwmonfudkrl ]tusihfoDvr&Sdol? &wemoH;k yg;udk ud;k uG,qnf;uyf,MkH unfrI r&Sd f olqNkd y;D oabFmay:odYk wufcirjyK} [k ajymum G fh [efYwm;onf/ xdktcg aomwmyef'g,umu oljyKz;l aom ukovaumif;rIrsm;udk qwmonf dk f tm; trQay;a0onf/ qwmonfu om"k om"k om"k[k oH;k Burac:qdonf/ xdtcgrSyif d f k k oabFmay:okYd wufci&Ny;D ESpO;D pvH;k ab;&ef G fh f uif;uGmvsuf ae&yfodkY acsmarmpGmjyefvnf a&muf&SdMuonf/ ig;&mhig;q,f ZmwfawmfrS ]oDvmed oHo} Zmwfawmf\ tusOf;csKyfjzpfygonf/ xdkZmwfawmfudk jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tpd&0wD jrpfwpfzufurf;rS 'g,umwpfO;D udk taMumif; jyK twdwfaqmifa[mMum;jcif;jzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

10

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DHAMMA DEW
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11

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THUGHT ABOUT THE DHAMMA

12

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DHAMMA TALK
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13

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armif a us;Zl ; r*Fvokwfudk y&dwfBuD;(11)okwfrSm xnhfxm;&m tE&m,f uif;atmif? r*Fvm&Sdatmif &GwfqdkHkESihf auseyfaeolrsm;? a&mihf&Jwif; wdrfaeolrsm;&SdMuygonf/ r*Fvmw&m; 38 yg;udk jrwfpmbk&m;a[mMum; G &m avmuDBuD;yGm;csrf;omaMumif; vrf;Tefrsm;omru avmukw&m t&d,opm edAmefcsrf;omrsufarSmufjyKEkdifa&;yg tusHK;0ifyg&Sdyg\/ r*F v mw&m;awmf q d k o nf r S m r*Fvmw&m;udk oabmcsif;wl&m eD;pyf&mwGJ aygif;pkazmf jy&ygvQif (1) aygif;oif;qufqHa&;r*Fvm/ (2) BuD;yGm;wdk;wufa&;r*Fvm/ (3) ynmESihfudk,fusihfr*Fvm/ (4) rdom;pkjyKpka&;ESihfoufarG;vkyfief;qdkif&m r*Fvm/ (5) vlrIa&;r*Fvm/ (6) 'kpdkufa&SmifMuOfukodkvf,SOfr*Fvm/ (7) vlaumif;vlawmfjzpfa&;r*Fvm/ (8) atmifjrifa&;r*Fvm/ (9) qif;&JrSvGwfajrmufa&;r*Fvm/ (10) aomuuif;a0;aeEkdifa&;r*Fvm[ljzpfyg\/ avmuD a vmuk w & mtusKd ; pD ; yG m ;twG u f avmuDa&m avmukw&mygvdkufemusihfoHk;&rnfh a'oem udk &GwfHkru vufawGUtoHk;csMuzdkYvdkygonf/ avmuDvlYabmifrSm BuD;yGm;csrf;omatmif uH-Pf-0D&d,t&if;cH BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfzdkYvdk ovdk avmukw&mtjrif &ifrSmydkuf oHo&m0#fqif;&JrSvGwfajrmuf edAmefcsrf;om rsufarSmufjyKEkdifa&;yg OD;wnf&nfrSef; um,uHajrmuf usihfBuHtm;xkwfMuzdkY vdkay\/ y|mef ; yD w d v d I i f ; rsm; te,fe,ft&yf&yfwGif toHrpJ y|mef;&GwfyGJrsm; usif;yMu ojzihf 0rf;ajrmufEkarmf om"kac:&ygonf/ y|mef;&GwfoHudk emMum;& wdi;f yDwvi;f rsm; vIy&m;Ed;k xvmpNryg/ tvGeusuoa&&Svygonf/ k d Id f S J f f d S &G w f q d k H k j zih f r NyD ; vuf a wG U toH k ; jyKMu&ef v d k y|mef;usr;f Bu;D udk tusO;f csKyvQif 24 ypn;f &Ny;D vd&if; tESpf f k csKyfrSm urmavmutygt0if pMu0VmwpfckvHk; kyf? emrfw&m;awG taMumif;tusKd;qufEG,fjzpfysufaeyHk trsKd;pHktao;pdyfa[mMum;xm; aom tbd"rma'oemawmfjzpfyg\/ tvGeftqihfjrifhwefzdk;rjzwfEkdif aom y|mef;a'oemudk toHrpJ &GwfHk? emMum;HkESihf wif;wdrfauseyf raeoihfygay/ avmuDa&m avmukw&myg IaxmihfESpfjzmrS vufawGU toHk;csvdkufemusihfoHk;MurSom aumif;usKd;vdk&mqEtjynhft0 cHpm;& ayrnf/ t"dywd ypa,mwnf;[laom ypn;f wpfcuyJ Munhyg/ t"d k kd f ywd w&m;av;yg;[l rSwfom;&ygonf/ 1/ qEm"dywd= vdktifqE&nfrSef;csufBuD;rSL;jcif;/ 2/ 0D&d,m"dywd= BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIBuD;rSL;jcif;/ 3/ pdwm"dywd= jyif;jyxufoefaom pdwf"mwfBuD;rSL;jcif;/ 4/ 0DrHom "dywd= aumif;qdk;? rSm;rSef a0zefcsihfcsdefwwfonfh ynmBuD; rSL;jcif;[ljzpfyg\/ t"d y wd w&m;vuf u d k i f x m;cJ h 'DyuF&mjrwfpGmbk&m; vufxuf okar"m&Sif&aohb0rSp av;oacsFESifhurmwpfodef; jznhfqnf;cJhaom yg&rDwdkYaMumihf od'w rif;om;b0wGif vlom;bk&m;pifppf yGihfxGef;jzpfay:cJh&onfrSm t"d ywdw&m;av;yg; vufudkifxm;cJhjzpfonf/ oHo&m0#fqif;&JrS uRwfvGwfedAmefrsufarSmufjyKoGm;Muaom t&d,molawmfpifrSeforQ av;yg;aMumihfomjzpf\/ atmif j rif r I o &zl a qmif ; Ek d i f M ujcif ; rS m avmuvlYabmifudk MunhfOD;rvm;? a&S;acwfEkdifiHawmfwnf axmifcJhonfh &Sifbk&ifrsm;? acwfa[mif;u vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;cJhMu onfh trsKd;om;acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;? rsufarSmufacwfEkdifiHawmftBuD; tuJacgif;aqmifrsm;? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;? vlrIa&; ynm&Sifrsm;? pma&;q&mrsm;? tEkynm&Sifrsm;? aw;*Dwynm&Sifrsm;polwdkY rdrdwdkY u@tvdkuf? e,fy,ftvdkuf atmifjrifrIo&zlaqmif;Ekdifjcif;rSm t"dywd av;yg;ESihfrqkdifyg[l rnfolrQrjiif;Ekdifrnfr[kwfyg/ b,f u srf ; ay:ay: t"d y wd a v;yg;ud k r ausmf jynfwi;f jynfy ay:ayguforQ wufusr;f [lorQ vrf;Teewd G f D [lorQ bk&m;a[mt"dywdav;yg;udk rausmfvTm;Ekdifay/ t"dywd ypnf;tjyif? avmuDvlYabmifwGif ,lNyD;toHk;cs jzpfEkdifaomtjcm;ypnf;tcsdKUudkvnf; t`rGwfrQ azmfjyvdkayonf/ a[wkypa,mt& raumif;usKd;ay;onfh avmb? a'go? arm[ [dwfoHk;yg;udky,f aumif;usKd;ay;onfh tavmb? ta'go? tarm[ [dwfoHk;yg;udk cH,lyGm;rsm;&ef/ tnrn ypa,mESihftnD tcsif;csif; tjyeftvSef dkif;yif; ulnDcdkrSDaus;Zl;jyK&ef/ ed,ypa,m=rSDcdkcGihfay; aus;Zl;jyK&ef? rSDcdkcGihfay;ol\ aus;Zl;wHkYjyef&ef/ Oyed, ypa,m= tm;aumif;aomtaMumif;jzihf aus;Zl; jyK&ef aus;Zl;jyKrIudkvnf; cH,lwwf&ef/ yka&Zmwypa,m= t&ifjzpfESihf aus;Zl;jyK&ef/ tmao0eypa,m=tzefwvJvJ rSD0Jaus;Zl;jyK&ef/ (tukodkvfudky,f ukodkvfbufOD;wnf&ef) urypa,m= jyKvkyfrItaMumif;jzihf aus;Zl;jyK&ef/ (aumif;onfh rSefonfhtvkyfjzpf&ef) 0dygu ypa,m=tusKd;&v'fjzpfay:apjcif;jzihf aus;Zl;jyK&ef/ (&v'faumif;? qdk;? rSm;? rSefu uray:rlwnfonf) tm[m&ypa,m=kyf? emrftm[m&jzihf axmufuef aus;Zl; jyK&ef/ (uH? pdwf? Owk? tm[m&ESihf qufpyfay;&ef)

PODIUM DHAMMA

14

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TERAVADA THOUGHT
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15

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

16
rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

"r0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

ylylavmifavmif atmifjrifjcif;rsKd;jzpf a&&SnfwnfwHh&ef cJ,Of; jyef\/ xdkYaMumihf rdrd\tusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf aqmif&Gufawmhrnf qkdvQif trsKd;om;tusKd;pD;yGm;ESihf xdyfwdkuf&ifrqkdif&avatmif qifjcif&\/ wpfzeftrsK;d om;tusK;d pD;yGm;twGuf aqmif&uawmh G f rnfqkdvQifvnf; urmhtusKd;pD;yGm;ESihf qefYusifbuf rjzpf& avatmif tNrJwrf; owd orZOfPf,SOf qifjciftyf\/ bmomtwGuf aqmif&u&mvnf;aumif;? omoemawmftwGuf G f aqmif &Gu&mvnf;aumif; xdenf;twl "rwmudk rausmvebJ f k f G f rdrtqif?h trsK;d om;tqif?h urmtqif[ tqifvuaqmif&uf d h h l h kd f G &\/ odkY aqmif&GufrSvnf; "r0de,ESihftnD aqmif&Guf&m a&muf\/ Ak'bmomtjrift&qkdvQif ]rdrdtqifh}\ e,fedrdwf tvGef ]trsKd;om;a&;tqifh}onf&Sd\/ trsKd;om;a&;tqifh\ e,ferwtvGe ]urmtqif}h onf&\/ vuPm[m &aewenf; d d f f h dS d t&qkdvQif ]rdrdtqifh} onfrwlaom vuPmudkaqmif\/ ]trsKd;om;a&;tqihf}onf wlaom vuPmudkaqmif\/ ]urmh tqihf} onf wlrwlESpfrsKd;vHk;rS vGwfaom vuPmudkaqmif\/ oabmt& ]wl}aomvuPmonf ]rwl} aom vuPmxuf tm;aumif;ojzifh ]rwl}aomvuPmudk acszsufEkdif\/ oabmudk 0dyem e,fy,f wkduf dkufawGYEdkif\/ 0dyeme,fy,fwGif tedp? 'ku? tewwnf;[laomomrn vuPmonfkyfemrfESifh aMumif;usKd;wd\ obm0vuPmxuf Yk tm;aumif;ojzifh omrnvuPmu obm0 vuPmudkacs zsuf\/ wpfzef oEvuPmu omrnvuPmxuftm;aumif; d ojzifh edAmef\ oEdvuPmu kyfemrf wdkY\ tedp? 'ku? tew wnf;[laom omrnvuPmudk acszsuf\/ jzpfpOfrSm t&d,opmwkif atmifreuefaom jzpfpOfjzpfojzihf avmua&;&m d S f t& orKwdopme,fy,fvnf; rSefuefonfyifjzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh y&rwe,fy,f t&d,opmwdkifatmif rSefuefaomjzpfpOf oH;k rsK;d udk avmua&;&mvnf; orKwopmt& rSefuefatmif d toHk;jyKEkdifygonf/ xdkYaMumifh uRefawmfwkdYonf jrefrmvlrsKd;udk urm ajrjyif t"GefY&SnfpGm wnfygapjcif;iSm aqmif&Guf&m jrefrm EkdifiHom;wpfOD;csif;\ yk*vdu wm0eftaejzifhvnf; Munfh&rnf jzpf\/ trsK;d om;a&;wm0eftaejzifhvnf; Munfh&rnfjzpf\/ urmh vlom;wdkY\ wm0eftaejzifhvnf; Munhf&\/ bmoma&;udk xl a xmif & mvnf ; aumif ; ? omoema&;ud k xl a xmif & m vnf;aumif; xdkYtwlyif jrefrmEkiiom; vlwpfa,muf\ yk*vu d f H d wm0eftaejzifhvnf; Munhf&\/ trsKd;om;a&;wm0eftaejzifh vnf ; Munh f & \/ ur m h v l o m;rsm;\ wm0ef t aejzif h v nf ; Munhf&\/ odkYMunhfNyD;rSom uRefawmfwdkYonf trsKd;bmom omoemawmftwGuf aqmif&GufzG,f[lorQudk aqmif&Guf&ay vdrfhrnf/

xdoYdk aqmif&u&mwGif q&mESi'umwdonf tcsi;f csi;f k G f hf Yk trS D o[J j yK aqmif & G u f & rnf j zpf \ / q&m\wm0ef u m; "rmEk*[ wm0efjzpf\/ 'um\wm0efum; yp,mEk* [wm0ef jzpf\/ "rmEk*[[lonfrSm "rjzifh csD;ajrmufjcif; jzpf\/ yp,m Ek*[[lonfrSm ypnf;jzifh csD;ajrmuf jcif;jzpf\/ jrefrmEdkifiH trsK;d bmom omoemtwGuf aqmif&uaomtcg 'umrsm;onf G f wu,fwrf; aqmif&GufMuolrsm;jzpf\/ wdkufdkufwm0ef,l aqmif&uMf uolrsm; jzpfMu\/ od&mwGif olwaqmif&uaomtcg G Yk Ydk G f olwdkY \oEmef cdkifrmaom ]"r0de,} &Sd a&;onf y"mejzpf\/ ]"r0de,} tkwfjrpfay: trsKd;bmomomoemudk wnfaqmuf Ekirom ax&0g' Ak'bmomESihf nDwaomwnfaqmufrI jzpf\/ d f S G f xdkwnfaqmufrIrsKd;udkom uRefawmfwdkY jrwfEdk;\/ uRefawmfwdkY tav;tjrwfjyK\/ xdkuJhodkY wnfaqmufEia&;twGuf 'umwd\ kd f Yk oEmef tajccHtkwfjrpftaejzifh ]"r0de,}udk q&mrsm;bufu jyKpk ysKd;axmifay;zdkY vdk\/ xdkodkY jyKpkysKd;axmifay;rSvnf; "rmEk*[jzifh csD; ajrmuf&ma&muf\/ 'umrsm;buf u vnf ; trsKd ; bmom omoemud k jrefrmEdii wnfaqmuf&mwGif rdrw\ oEmef ]"r0e,}udom k f H d Ykd d k tajccH tkwfjrpftaejzifh cH,lxm;zdkYvdk\/ trSeftm;jzifh udk,fusifh odumjrifhrm;rItay: tajc rcHbJ &&dSvmaompdwf"mwfcdkifrmrIESifh todynm<u,f0rIonf twudkBuD;onfxufBuD;atmif cdkifrmonfxuf cdkifrmatmifom wnfaqmufay;Edkifyg\/ twBuD;rm;vmonfESifhtrQ tw cdirmvmonfEitrQ ]igYrom;pk aumif;pm;a&;om y"me} [laom k f S hf d cH,l csuonf cdirmvm\/ xdxuf&ifvQif ]igYvrsK;d aumif;pm;a&; f k f k h l omy"me} [laom tjrifonf cdkifrmvm\/ urmhordkif;udkMunfhvQif igY rdom;pkaumif;pm;a&;om y"me[laom ]oufOD;qHydkif} pepfonfvnf; "rwmESifh qefYusif aomaMumifh usqHk;cJh&aMumif; awGUjrif&\/ vlrsKd; aumif;pm;a&; y"me[laom ]zufqpf 0g'}ESifh ]emZD0g'}rsm;onfvnf; "rwmESifh qefYusifaomaMumifh usqHk;cJh&aMumif; awGUjrif&/ odkYjzpfav&m twtay:tajccHaom 0g'[lorQonf "rwmESifh qefYusifaom aMumif h ppf r S e f a om Nid r f ; csrf ; rI E S i f h ppf r S e f a omcsrf ; ajrY r I u d k rjzpfEdkifapojzifh wpfck aomaeY wpfckaomtcsdefwGif rvGJraoG usqHk;rnfjzpfaMumif; ,HkrSm; oHo,r&dStyfygacs/ tew t ay:tajccH a om ax&0g'onf o mvQif "rwmESifh rqefYusifaomaMumifh ppfrSefaomcsrf;ajrYrIudk jzpfap Ed k i f o jzif h ur m wnf o a&G U wnf & d S r nf j zpf \ / ax&0g' Ak ' bmomonf o mvQif pd w f " mwf c d k i f r mrI E S i f h tod < u,f 0 rI u d k udk,fusifhodumjrifhrm;rItay: wnfaqmufxm;aomaMumifh tjcm;0g' rsm;u wnfaqmufay;aom pdwf"mwfcdkifrmrIESifh todynm<u,f0 rIwEirwlbJ "rwmt& rdr\rdom; pkuvnf; Ykd S hf d kd aumif;pm;ap\/ rdrdvlrsKd;udkvnf; aumif;pm;ap\/ urm avmutwGi;f &dS vlom;tm;vH;k udk vnf; aumif;pm;ap\/ ax&0g'ESihf tjcm;0g'rsm;\ t"dujcm;em;csurm odYk f S

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/

17

jzpf\/ ax&0g'onf PfpGrf;&dSoavmuf 0D&d,pGrf;&dSoavmuf BudK;pm;&vmaom tusKd;tjrwf[lorQudk avmutwGuf pGevwjf cif; ]tavmb} &oud&m\/ tjcm;0g'rsm;um; Pfpr;f Yf T k S G &dSoavmuf 0D&d,pGrf;&dSoavmuf BudK;pm;&vmaom tusKd; tjrwf[orQukd rdrtwGuf odr;f ydujf cif; ]avmb} ]&o}udk &Sm\/ l d k odkY vQif 0g'ESpfrsKd;onf OD;wnfcsuf yef;wdkifcsif; jcm;em;\/ jrefrmEdiiom;wdonf jrefrmEdii yp,mEk*[jzifh trsK;d k f H Yk k f H twGufvnf; BudK;pm;Mu\/ bmomtwGufvnf; BudK;pm;Mu\/ omoemtwGuvnf; BuKd ;pm;Mu\/ xdoYkd BuKd ;pm;Mu&mwGif olw\ f k Ykd oEmef ]"r 0de,}udk tajccHolrsm;vnf; &dSEdkifMu\/ tjcm;0g' rsm;udk tajccHolrsm;vnf; &dSEdkifMu\/ "r0de,udk tajccHonf qdkapOD;? w&m;od ]"r0de,} [kwfcsifrS [kwfrnf/ pmayod ]"r 0de,}rsKd; jzpfcsifvnf; jzpfEdkif\/ trSeftm;jzifh "r0de,[laom trnfonf pmayodvnf; ygEdkif\/ w&m;odvnf; ygEdkif\/ omrntm;jzifqvQif ESprsK;d vH;k yif ygEdif \/ w&m;od[onfrm h kd f k l S udk,fusifh odumudk ajymif;vJoGm;apEdkifaom ]tod} jzpf\/ tar&du Ak'bmom bke;f awmfBu;D rsm; omoemjyKrEihf I S pyfvsO;f q&mawmfwpfyg;u odtrde&z;l \/ ]olwpfyg;Edii Yk Yf Sd k f H yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk oifMum;ydcsay;jcif;tm;jzifh pmod ayod ynm Yk od taejzifhawmh jzpfEdkifw,fvdkY ,HkMunfygw,f/ w&m;od tqifoa&mufatmifawmh jzpfrS jzpfEiygrvm;vdYk oHo,&drw,f} h Ykd kd f S d [l jzpf\/ jrefrmEdiivnf; rdrw\ oEmef "r0e,udk tajccH k f H d Ykd d trsKd; bmom omoemawmftwGuf aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfygaMumif; ckepfoHcsD a<u;aMumfolrsm; &dSyg\/ xdkolwdkYonf tw rme 'd|d paom ygVda0g[m&rsm;udk wu,fuRrf;uRrf;usifusif zGifhqdkEdkifol rsm;vnf; jzpfMuyg\/ odkY&mwGif olwdkY\ vufawGUaqmif&Guf csuukd Munfaomtcg ]]rdom;pkaumif;pm;a&;}} e,ferwukd rausmf f h d d f vGefEdkifolrsm;om jzpfaMumif; awGU&\/ jrefrmEkdifiHudk urmhEdkifiHBuD;rsm;ESifh EdIif;,SOfvQif kyfydkif; qdkif&m zGHUNzdK;rI aemufuscsif usrnf? twwfynmydkif;qdkif&m zGHUNzdK;rIvnf; aemufuscsifusrnf/ usygap udpr&dS/ odkY&mwGif udk,fusifhodumjrifhrm;rIe,fy,frl a&SUqHk;xdyfwef;tusqHk; EdkifiHjzpfapcsifyg\/ vrf;Tefomoemtjzpf ax&0g'vnf ; &dSNyD;jzpfyg\/ xdkYaMumifh xdktqifhodkY a&mufEdkifa&;twGuf q&m ESifh'umwdkYonf jrefrmEdkifiH "r0de,udk tajccHtkwfjrpf tjzpf xm;NyD; trsKd; bmom omoemudk urmajrjyif t"GefY&SnfpGm wnfygapjcif;tusKd;iSm udk,fpDt"d ywdwyfNyD; tm;xkwftyfyg\/ xdkodkY tm;xkwfygu vuform;\ yJcGyfdk; vuform;\ vuf&m onf tpyxr bmrQrxif[k xif&aomfvnf; "rwmoabm tm;jzifhrl wpfaeYxufwpfaeY ydk ydk xifvm&ouJhodkY jrefrm EdkifiHonfvnf; wpfaeYxufwpfaeY tukodkvf'kpdkuf tuif;qHk; tNidrf;csrf;qHk;EdkifiHtjzpfodkY a&mufvm&rnfrSm aocsmaMumif; ,HkMunftyfyg\/ OD ; a&T a tmif

apwD ykxkd; ausmif; "rmkH toD;oD;wkdYwGif ukokdvf,l aqmif&uaeMuolrsm;twGuf G f wuovoQio&d dk f f D (r[mo'raZmwdu"Z) a&;om;aom @mawmf a*gyuESihf Ak'b@mawm pmtkyfxGufNyD
pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf rsufESmzkH;zGifhjyKcsuftrSwf 3207461107 3203320708

TERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

18

"r0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ tjzpfygwJh owdapwodufw&m;udk qdkvdkwmyg/ a'oemawmftvdkt& owdy|meokwfawmf[m owdw&m; yGm;rsm;&eftwGuf jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlwJh okwfjzpfygw,f/ owdqdkwmudk ukodkvfaumif;rIw&m;eJY ywfoufwJh trSwf&aerIrsm; twGufomoHk;ygw,f/ r*if&Spfyg;rSm yg&SdwJh ormowdr*ifqdkwm[m owdjzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dowdudkyif rarhravsmhjcif; tyrm'w&m;vdkYvJ ac:ygw,f/
Sati-Mindfulness Sati means Mindfulness; Heedfulness; awareness. Sati cetasika being one out the 20 resplendent mental states present in all moral consciousness. The Satipatthana Sutta is a discourse on the methods of cultivating mindfulness. Sati is a term denoting mindfulness in respect of meritories actions only. It is one of the eight constituents of the Ariya Path where it is termed as sammasati, right mindfulness. It also goes by the name of appamada, heedfulness.

aemuf a usmzk H ; rS jcif;? owduif;vGwfjci;fvdkYyJajym&rSmjzpfygw,f/ wu,fawmh arhavsmhjcif;onf aojcif;\ taMumif;jzpfyg w,f/ oHo&mudkrqHk;Ekdifatmif vnfapwwfaom w&m;vJjzpfygw,f/

Pamada- Heedlessness Pamada means Heedlessness or Unmindfulness. Heedlessness is the way to Death, i.e, the cause of endless round of rebirth.

tyrm'-rarh r avsmh raygY q jcif ; tyrm'qdkwmu ukodkvfw&m;awG aumif;wJhw&m;awGrSm rarhravsmh raygYqjcif;w&m;yJjzpfygw,f/ tJ'tyrm'udk yrm'w&m;&JU D qefYusifbuftaeeJY rSwf,loihfygw,f/ wu,fawmh tyrm'qdkwm[m w&m;oabmtaeeJYajym& &if owdruif;uGmjcif;yJjzpfygw,f/ owdruif;uGmjcif;qdkwmuvJyJ tmHkrSmtNrJuyfwnfaewJh owdw&m;jzpfygw,f/ apmapmu wifjycJwhJ yrm'-arhavsmaygYqrI&UJ qefusibuf h h Y f taeeJY aumif;wJhtvkyfawGrSm tNrJowd&aerI? pdwfyg0ifpm;aerIudkyJ? tyrm'-aumif;wJhtvkyfrSm rarhravsmhraygYqrIvdkYbJ qdk&rSmjzpfyg w,f/ tyrm'qdwm[m rarhravsmjh cif;? rarhravsmjh cif; taMumif; k w&m;? owdw&m;yJjzpfw,f/ pdwftpOfrSm uyfNyD;wnfaewJh PfeJY,SOfwJhowdjzpfygw,f/ 'Dtyrm'w&m;qdwm[m vlom;awGtwGuf tvGeta&;Bu;D wJh w&m; k f vJyjJ zpfygw,f/ ukovw&m;wd&UJ tcsKytjcmw&m;vJjzpfw,f/ aus;Zl; kd f Yk f trsm;qHk;&SdapwJh w&m;vJjzpfw,f/ 'gaMumihf jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmf wdkifu tJ'Dw&m;eJY jynfhpHkEkdifMuap&ef ]tyrma'e bdua0 orma'x} vdkY tBudrfBudrftcgcg qHk;rawmfrlcJhwmjzpfw,f/ 'Dtyrm'w&m;qdkwm [m raojcif;&JU taMumif;vJjzpfygw,f/
Appamada-Heedfulness Appamada means Heedfulness; Vigilance; zeal. Heedfulness is the mental process of mindfulness combined with knowledge. It is synonymous with mindfulness. It is the predominant factor in the accomplishement of meritorious deed. The Buddha himself made the exhortation ''be endowed with heedfulness' repeatedly. Heedfulness is the way to the Deathless.

owd y |me owdy|mevdkYqdkwJh owduyfwnfjcif;? owdrvGwfjcif;? owdy|mefw&m;eJY ywfoufvvJ tusO;f tm;jzihf odxm;zdvr,fxifyg Ykd Yk kd w,f/ tJ'owduyNf y;D wnfwhJ owdrvGwwhJ owdy|mefw&m;qdwm D f f k u (4)yg;&Sdygw,f/ (u) um,Ekyem owdy|mef-kyfudk,f owdrvGwfjcif;/ (c) a0'emEkyemowdy|mef-a0'em owdrvGwfjcif;/ (*) pdwmEkyemowdy|mef-pdwf owdrvGwfjcif;/ (C) "rmEkyem owdy|mef-onm? ocFg&wdkY owdrvGwfjcif;[l (4)yg;&Sdygw,f/

pd w - pd w f q d k o nf r S m ygVdbmompdwukd pdw[ jrefrmrIjyKMuygw,f/ wu,fawmh f l pdwfqdkwm[m tmHkodrIjzpfygw,f/ pdwfqdkwmu ouf&Sdow0gawG rSDwif;aexdkifMuwJh ow avmuBu;D udk OD;aqmifNy;D aeygw,f/ tJ'owavmuBu;D twGi;f &SMd uwJh D ow0gtm;vHk;wdkY[m pdwf&JUtvdkodkYvdkufygNyD; aeMu&ygw,f/
Citta-Mind Citta means Mind, Consciousness. All living beings are led by the mind. All living being are subjected to the mind. Becuase of volitional activities, consciousness arises. Because of consciousness, mind and matter arise.

Sati patthana .. Sati patt hana- unremitting application of mind-fulness. .. There are four aspects of applying mindfulness, namely: (a) Kayanupassana satipatt hana-application of mindfulness on .. the body; (b) Vedananupassana satipatt hana- application of mindfulness .. on one's feelings; (c) Cittanupassana satipatt hana- application of mindfulness on .. one's conscous thoughts; (d) Dhammanupassana satipatt hana-application of mindfulness .. on the process of cognition and volition.

tmemygemwd xG u f o uf 0 if o uf u d k tzef w vJ v J tmH k j yKjzpf a om owdjzpfonf/ tmemygewd[kac:ygw,f/

owd - atmuf a rh j cif ; ? trS w f & jcif ; owdudkjrefbmomeJY atmufarhjcif;? trSwf&jcif;? wpfpHkwpf ckaom tmHkudktpOfrjywf odaejcif;udk zGihfqdkazmfjyygw,f/ 'gu ygVd yd#uwfawmf tbd"rma'oemawmftvdkt&qdkwmjzpfw,f/ ukokdvf pdwjf zpfwi;f yg0ifwhJ aombPom"m&P apwodu(19)yg;rSm wpfyg; kd f

- - Anapana ssati - - Anapana means respiration; exhalation and in halation. - - Anapanassati means contemplation of exhalation and inhalation in one's respiratory process with unceasing mindfulness. - Mindfulness on breathing out and breathing in, It's Ana -nssati. pa

yrm'-arh a vsmh a ygY q jcif ; \ tjypf r sm; yrm'eJY tyrm'&JU oabmawGudk wifjyNyD;wJhaemuf? yrm'&JU tjypfeJY tyrm'&JUtusKd;wdkYudk odomHkavmuf ajymjyvdkygw,f/ aumif;wJuovtvkyrm arhavsmaygYqrIqwhJ yrm'w&m; h k dk f f S h kd

TERAVADA PERSPECTIVE
"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ [m vlqdk;vlrdkufjzpfzdkY&m tajccHwJh taMumif;jzpfygw,f/ vlrdkufawG [m ukodkvfaumif;rItvkyfawGrSm arhavsmhaygYqjcif;&JU qdk;jypfawGudk rodrjrifMuwJhtwGuf arharhavsmhavsmh aygYaygYqqeJY raumif;wJh tukodkvftvkyfawGudk vkyfaeMuygw,f/ tJ'Draumif;wJh tvkyfawGeJY yJ tcsdefudk ukefvGefapMuygw,f/ tcsdef&SdorQ raumif;wJhtvkyfudk csnf; vkyfaeMuygw,f/ vlruawGqwm 'Db0tusK;d udvJ em;rvnfMubl;/ aemifb0 kd f kd k oHo&mtusKd;udkvJ em;rvnfMuygbl;/ aumif;wJhtvkyf ukodkvfw&m; &JU tESpfom&ozG,fjzpfwJh todtvdrmPfynmuif;rJhaeolawGom jzpfMuygw,f/ olwwpfawG[m aumif;wJtvkyurvkyMf ubJ raumif; Ykd h f kd wJh tvkyfawGeJYom tcsdefjzKef;aeMuwmjzpfw,f/ ]]rjzpfao;wJh tukovujkd zpfapNy;D jzpfNy;D wJh ukovw&m;udk kd f kd f qkwf,kwfapwJht&mrSm yrm'eJYwlwJh tjcm;w&m;r&Sdawmhbl;}} ]]yrm'[mBuD;rm;aom tusKd;rJhudkjzpfapwwfw,f}} ]]yrm'[mBuD;rm;aom tusKd;rJhudkjzpfapwwfwJh ukd,fwGif; taMumif;jzpfw,f}} vdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlcJhwmudk okwef yd#uwf? t*Fkw&edum,fygVdawmfeJY Zmwut|uxmrSm avhvmzwfI Mu&ygw,f/ ty r m'-rarh r avsmh j cif ; \ tusKd ; rsm; aumif;wJhtvkyf ukodkvfw&m;awGrSm rarhravsmhjcif;qdkwJh w&m;wpfrsK;d udk yGm;rsm;&if Burzefrsm;pGm avhvmrIjyK&if ,ckb0 tusK;d d f pD;yGm;? aemifoHo&mb0 tusKd;pD;yGm;qdkwJh tusKd;pD;yGm;ESpfrsKd;udk &&SdEkdif ygw,fvdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlygw,f/ tyrm'eJpyfvYkd yGm;rsm;rI(bm0em)oabmudk a[mawmfr&mrSm Y l Ak'gEkwdpwJh bm0emawGvkd tyrm'bm0em&,fvdkY woD;wjcm; yGm;rsm;p&mbm0em&,fvdkY r&Sdygbl;/ ukokdvfaumif;rI aumif;wJhtvkyf tukev;kH udk aemufrqkwwrf;BuKd ;yrf;tm;xkwwmudyJ tyrm' bm0em f f f k yGm;rsm;wmvdkY qdk&rSmjzpfygw,f/ oltowfowfr?I olOpmudk cd;k 0Suv,ufr?I vdrnmrI? rl;,pf Y Y f k f aq;0g;? aomufpm;oHk;pGJrI? avmif;upm;rI? umrvdkufpm;rI pwJh raumif;wJhtukodkvftvkyfawGrSm pdwfyg0ifpm;aerI? pdwfpGJvrf; aerIr&Sb?J ay;urf;vSL'gef;rI? oDvapmifxe;f rI? aumif;a&mif;aumif;0,f d h d jyKvkyfrI? pdkufysdK;xkwfvkyfrIpwJh aumif;wJhtvkyfawG zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufyGm; rsm;vmatmif? av;av;pm;pm;vkyuir?I tNrrjywfBuKd ;yrf;vkyaqmifr?I f kd f J f wGefYqkwfjcif;r&SdrI? vkyfvdkwJhqEjyif;xefrI? BudK;pm;rI? pGJNrJpGmvkyfudkifrI? xyfumxyfumtm;xkwrawGuy?J tyrm'bm0em&,fvYkd qd&rSmjzpfyg f I kd k w,f/ ]]BuD;rm;wJhtusdK;pD;yGm;udkjzpfap&mrSm tyrm'eJY wef;wlvdkuf Edkifw,fqkdwJh w&m;r&Sdbl;/ ty'w&m;[m BuD;rm;wJhtusdK;pD;yGm;udk jzpfapwwfygw,f..}} vdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwkdif a[mMum;awmf rlygw,f/ 'ghtjyif 'Dtyrm'w&m;[m oDvjznhfusihfrIrSmvJ aus;Zl;jyK wwf? wGe;f tm;ay;wwfygw,f/ a`Ewukd apmiha&SmufrrmvJ aus;Zl; Ykd f I S jyKwwfygw,f/ tpm;taomufeJYpyfvdkYvJ twkdif;t&SnfyrmPudkodrI rSmvJ aus;Zl;jyKwwfygw,f/ Edk;Mum;wuf<uBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrSmvnf; aus;Zl;jyKwwfygw,f/ olawmfaumif;w&m; (7) yg;udk jzpfym;apjcif;rSm G vnf; aus;Zl;jyKwwfygw,f/ r*f&JUa&SUtzdkYjzpfwJh 0dyemPfudk yGm; rsm;apjcif;rSmvJ aus;Zl;jyKwwfygw,f/ twy#dord'g ponfwdkYudk &jcif;rSmvJ aus;Zl;jyKwwfygw,f/ oDvuE oDvtpk 5-yg;aom w&m;

19

tpkrmvJ aus;Zl;jyKwwfygw,f/ taMumif;[kwwmr[kwwmudk odrrm S f f I S vJ aus;Zl;jyKwwfygw,f/ jrihfjrwfwJhpsmeformywfudk 0ifpm;&mrSmvJ aus;Zl;jyKwwfygw,f/ t&d,opmudk yGm;rsm;jcif;rSmvJ aus;Zl;jyKwwf ygw,f/ owdy|mefpwJh aAm"dyud,w&m; 37-yg;jzpfyGm;jcif;rSmvJ aus;Zl;jyKwwfygw,f/ 0dyemPf? raemr,d'dPf ponfwdkYrSmvJ aus;Zl;jyKwwfygw,f/ 'DvyJ tjypfuif;pifaumif;jrwfwhJ w&m;tm;vH;k kd rSm aus;Zl;rsm;vSygw,fvYkd 'DCedum,ft|uxmrSm a[mawmfrygw,f/ l 'DtqdktrdefYt& tyrm'w&m;udk yGm;rsm;&if vl? ewf? edAmef 3- wefaomcsrf;omudk &Edkifygw,fqdkwm odomxif&Sm;ygw,f/ 'DurmavmurSm ow0gtm;vHk;wdkYxuf jrwfpGmbk&m;u tjrwfqHk;jzpfawmfrlovdk? ukodkvfw&m;tukefvHk;[m tyrm'w&m; aMumihfjzpf&w,f/ tyrm'rSm ukodkvfw&m;tm;vHk;aygif;pkMu&w,f/ tyrm'w&m;u tukev;kH xufjrwfw,f&,fvvJ t*kwKd &ygVdawmfrm f Ykd F f S a[mawmfrlygw,f/ ]]ukovw&m;awGrm rarhravsmjh cif;qdwhJ tyrm'owdw&m; kd f S k [m omoemawmfukd wnfwapEdiw,f/ rysup;D ? ruG,aysmufatmif hH k f f f qD;wm;Edkifw,f..}} vdkYvJ jrwfpGmbk&m;u t*FkwdK&fygVdawmfrSm a[mawmfrlw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif[m &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;tm; ]]tyrma'e bdua0orma'x/ bduKwdkY? oifwdkYwawG[m tyrm'owdw&m;eJY odum 3- yg;udk NyD;pD;apMu&r,f}} vdkYvJ Mo0g'uxmudk wpfaeYwpfaeY rSm tenf;qHk;wpfBudrf rdefYawmfrlygw,f/ 'gwifruyg? jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAmefpHvGefawmfrlcgeD;rSmvJ aemufqHk;taeeJY]][E 'ged bd u a 0? tmrE ,mrd a 0g? 0,"r m ocF g &m? ty r ma'e or m a'x}} ]]bduKwdkY? wdkufwGef;yg&ap/ kyfemrf"rocFg&awGqdkwm[m? ysufpD;jcif;oabm&SdMuygw,f/ 'gaMumihf oifwdkYwpfawG[m owdeJY odum 3-yg;udk NyD;pD;apMu&r,f..}} 'Dvkd tyrm'owdukd txGwwifum aemufq;kH rdeMYf um;awmfrl f ygw,f/ yk n - aumif ; rI u k o d k v f b0 tqihftwef;jrihfwufapaomtvkyf/ aumif;jrwfaom ok*wdb0odYk a&mufapwwfaomtvky/ jyKvyo\pdwtpOfukd jzLpif f k f l f apwwfaomtvkyfudk ygVdbmom ykn[kac:qdkygw,f/ aumif;aom tvkyfrsm;rsm;vkyfcJholudk a&S;bkef;a&S;uHBuD;rm;olvdkYvnf; ac:qdkMuyg w,f/
Pua- Merit Good and virtuous deed. Pua is that which upgrades one's status or that which leads one to a higher existence or that which purifies the mind of the person who performs merit. A person who has done a great deal of meritorious deeds previously is call a person who has amassed great merit.

uk o vur - uk o d k v f u H ukovurqwhJ ukovuqwmu? tjypfuif;pifwaumif; kd kd f H kd hJ usdK;ay;wJh aumif;rIukodkvfvkyfcJhwJhuHudk ajymwmyg/ ay;urf;pGefYBuJrI? oDvaqmufwnfrI? bm0emyGm;rsm;rIrsm;[m aumif;rIukodkvfuHrsm;yJ jzpfMuygw,f/ pmrsuf E S m 24 ok d Y

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

20

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? usrf;

v,fwDq&maw

The Ledi Dhamm

by

D d v,fweAmefw

a&;om;jyKpkawm

MAHA THERA LED

(edAme'DyeD)
(,cif t ywf r S t quf )
Zmw? tZmwoabm/ / odkYvQif awbkru 0#fw&m; wdkYtm; rdrujkd zpfay:atmifxaxmif ay;EdiaomtaMumif;w&m; &Sae cJvQif d l k f d h {uE j zpf a y:jcif ; wnf ; [l a om Zmwoabmvnf ; &S d \ / rd r d u d k jzpfay:atmifxlaxmifay;EdkifaomtaMumif;w&m; r&SdcJhvQif {uE rjzpfbJaejcif;[laom tZmwoabmvnf;&Sd\/ odvQif awbkru 0#fw&m;wdtm; Zmwoabmwpfcom Yk Yk k &Sdonfr[kwf? tZmwoabmvnf; {uef&Sd\[k jyawmfrljcif;iSmtwd bdua0 tZmwH tblwH tuwH tocFwH/ [l a[mawmfrlonf/ bdua0? &[ef;wdkY/ "rmeH? awbkru 0#fw&m;wdkYtm;/ tZmwH ? tjzpf N id r f ; jcif ; ? Zmwf o d r f ; jcif ; rnf o nf / tw d ? &SdonfomvQifwnf;/ (aemufyk'fwdkY a&S;twkdif; teufay;av/) rjzpf [ l a om tZmwoabmum;r&S d ? jzpf [ l a om Zmwoabm wpfckonfom&SdcJhjim;tHh? ow0gwdkY\ oEmef avmb onf tNrJjzpfomae&m\/ rjzpfaomtcgrjzpfaomtckduf[l r&dS&m? a'goonf tNrJjzpfomae&m\/ rjzpfaomtcgrjzpfaom tcdkuf[l r&Sd&m? arm[onf tNrJjzpfomae&m\/ rjzpfaomtcg rjzpfaom tcdkuf[lr&Sd&m/ tu,f rjzpf[laom tZmwoabmr&Sd? jzpf- [laom Zmwoabmwpfcom &ScjhJ im;tH?h t0dZmonf terw* oHo&mESitrQ k d fh ow0gwdkYoEmef wpf&HrpJtNrJjzpfom aeav&m\/ rjzpfaomtcg rjzpfaomtcdkuf[l r&Sdav&m/ t0dZmonf wpf&HrpJtNrJjzpfom aecJaomfuov?f tukovapwemwnf;[laom ocFg&wdonfvnf; h k kd kd f Yk oHo&mESihftrQ wpf&HrpJtNrJjzpfom aeukef&m\/ ocFg&jzpfvQif vnf; 0dnmOfonf oHo&m tNrJjzpfomaeav&m\/ xdkodkYjzpf
(Continue from last week)

(Nibbana Di pani = T

The nature of jata, ajata Thus, if there is the cause which can establish the tebhummaka vat.tadhamma, the existence in the three stages . of beings to appear, there is also the nature of jata, the complete appearing. If there is no cause that can establish it to appear, there is also the nature of ajata, the complete nonappearing. Thus, in order to show that there is not only the nature of jata for tebummaka vattadhamma, there is but also the nature of ajata, the Buddha has expounded, thus: . - . "atthi bhikkhave ajatam abhutam . . akatam asankhatam" bhikkhave =bhikkhus, - . dhammanam = for tebhummaka vattadhamma ajatam atthi =there is non- appearing [For the remaining terms please give meaning as before] If there had not been the nature of ajata non-appearing and had there been the only nature of jata-appearing; the greed would have been always appearing in the beings and there would not have been a moment of nonappearing. The hatred would have been always appearing and there would not have been a moment of non-appearing. The delusion would have been always appearing and there would not have been a moment of non-appearing. If there had not been the nature of ajata non-appearing and had there been the only nature of jata-appear--ignorance would have been always appearing; the avijja ing incessantly in the beings throughout the anamatagga samsara the endless round of rebirths and there would not have been a moment of non-appearing. If the avijja-ignorance had been always appearing incessantly, the kammaformations, good and evil cetana-volitions too, would have

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

"r0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urmausmf

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

mma on Nibba na
by

efw&m;awmfrsm;

A LEDI SAYADAW
aecJhonf&Sdaomf awbkru 0#fw&m;wdkY\ csKyfNidrf;jcif; uRwfvGwfjcif; rnfonf wpf&HwpfqpfrQ r&Sdav&m/ wpf e nf ; / / awbkru w&m;wdkYtm; rjzpfjcif;[laom tZmwoabmr&Sd? jzpfjcif;[laom Zmwoabm wpfckwnf;om&SdcJh jim;tH?h tukov'pduw&m;wdonf cyfor;f aomow0gwd\oEmef kd f k k f Yk d Yk wpf&HrpJ tNrJjzpfomaeukef&m\/ ow0gwdkYonf tyg,f (4) yg;om tNrJaeMuukef&m\/ tukodkvfw&m;wdkY\ jywfpJrI? 'kpdkuf w&m;wdkY\ uif;&Sif;rI? tyg,f'kurS vGwfNidrf;rI[l wpf&HwpfqpfrQ r&Sdav&m/ odkYaom teufudk jyqdkjcif;iSmaem apwH bdua0 tb0d tZmwH tblwH tuwH tocFwH? e,d" Zmw blw uw ocFw ed&PH ynma,x/ [l a[mawmfrlonf/ awbkru 0#fw&m;wdkYtm;rlum; jzpfjcif;[laom Zmwo oabmwpfckom&Sdonfr[kwf? rjzpfjcif;[laom tZmwoabmvnf; {uefpifppf&SdonfomvQifjzpf\/ ow0gwdkY\oEmef t0dZmonf tpOfjzpfyGm;ae\/ tMuiftcg 0dZmPfudk&\/ xdktcg t0dZm onf rjzpfjcif;[laom tZmwoabmoda&mufav\/ csKyNf ir;f av\/ Yk d ocFg&tp&Sdaom oHo&m0#fw&m;wdkYonf rjzpfjcif;[laom tZmw oabmodkY a&mufMuavukef\/ csKyfNidrf;Muavukef\/ uRwfvGwfMu avukef\/ / odkYaom teufudkjyjcif;iSm,om acg bdua0 twd tZmwH tblwH tuwH tocFw?H wom Zmw blw uw tocFw ed&PH ynm,wd/ [l a[mawmfrlonf/ tZmwH tjzpfNidrf;jcif; Zmwfodrf;jcif;qdkonfum; y&rw tocFwr[medAmefBuD;yifwnf;/ / (tbl w H - yk ' f v nf ; tZmwHyk'f ESifh teufwl\/) tuwH? awbkru 0#f'kuwdkYudk jyKjcif;rS
. been always appearing incessantly throughout the sam-ra a round of rebirths. If the kamma-formations had been appearing, too, viana-consciousness would have been al.ways appearing in the samsara-round of rebirths. Then, as a result there would never have been cessation-appeasement, the overcoming of tebhummaka vat.t.adhamma. Another way If there had not been, for tebhummaka dhamma, the nature of ajata-non-appearing and there had been the only nature of appearing, the evil conducts would have been always appearing incessantly in all beings; these beings would have been always only in the four lower worlds; and there would never have been cutting out of the unwholesome dhammas, free from evil conducts, emancipation from the dukkha-sufferings of the apaya lower words. In order to show such meaning the Buddha has expounded: "nocetam bhikkhave abhavissa ajatam . . -tam akatam asankhatam, nayidha abhu . . jatassa bhutassa katassa sankhatassa nissaranam paayetha." There is indeed the nature of ajata-nonappearing for tebhummaka vat.t.adhamma. In the beings the avijja-ignorance is always appearing; only when the vijja-knowledge is attained, then the avijja-ignorance comes -ta-non-appearing it ceases and to be the nature of aja . appeaseas; the samsara vat.tadhammas such as kamma. formations come to be the nature of ajata-non-appearing they cease and appease. They are free. In order to show this meaning the Buddha has expounded: "yasma kho bhikkhave atthi . . . . -tam abhutam akatam asankhatam aja - jatassa bhutassa katassa tasma . . sankhatassa nissaranam paayati." . -tam = non-appearing, ending means the paramattha aja

pani = The Manual of Nibbana)

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

22

"r0D&onf oEdokcodkY a&S;Ijy|mef;onf/

. asankhata mahanibbana. -tam also has the same meaning as ajatam] [the term abhu . akatam atthi = there is also non-doing or free from doing tebhummaka vat t a-dukkha sufferings .. . . asankhatam atthi= there is also non-repeated formation or . free from the sankhara-dukkha sufferings. [all terms are meant for mahanibbana] [This is the meaning we prefer ''atthi bhikkhave ajatam" in the suttanta pal.i] The view of teachers The teachers who prefer the arising of nibbana in -ti-appearing do not take that meaning in that pa very tiny ja . -tam abhutam" - . l.i; they take that the Buddha has said: "aja referring to nibbana to be the absence of coarse jati-ap. pearing as in tebhummaka sankhata dhammas. Also in the commentary1. vedanadayo viya hetu paccaya samavaya sankha -rana-samaggiya na jatam na nibbattani ajatam. - . - . taya ka . . - . 2. Karanena vina Sayameva na bhutam na patubhutam . -tam na uppannanti abhu .. 1. As it is not the dhamma caused by the favourable condition it is called ajata-non appearing. 2. As it is not the dhamma arising itself without any cause, it is called abhuta-non-arising. Of these two, as commented: "It is not the dhamma arising itself without any cause." they take the meaning of nibbana as ''merely arising dhamma with cause". Our view According to the wish of the Buddha, whatever appearing it is, it is not without any cause; hence the appearing due to cause is a kind. According to the wish of the holders of wrong views, ahetuka dit.thi, adhiccasamuppannika dit.thi, what. . ever appearing it is, it is not with any cause; hence the appearing not due to cause is a kind. Thus there are two kinds of appearing in this world. Of these two, in nibbana there is nether any appearing caused by the favourable conditions, nor any other appearing without any cause. Thus, to reject all kinds of - . appearing the Buddha said: "ajatam abhutam". [This is the meaning of the passage from the commetary] Still in accordance with this commentary, nibbana is completely free from calling whatsoever appearing; there is neither coarse appearing nor very fine appearing; thus the teacher commentator has shown the meaning. [This is our view. You may take whichever you like.] In the sutta of the udanapal i; begining with . -yatanam'', the teacher commentator ''atthibhikkhave tada - . . has commented ''tadayatananti tam karanam" which means being the object of magga phala, the path and the fruition, it is called ''tadayatana." (To Be Continue)

uif;Nidrf;jcif; onf/ twd? &Sd\/ tocFwH? awbkru 0#f'kuwdkYudk tzefzefjyKjyif& jcif;[laom ocFg&'kurSuif;vGwfjcif;onf twd&Sd\/ (r[medAmefBuD;qdk aom pum;csnf;yif/) (um; twdbdua0 tZmwH[laom okwefygVdawmf igwdkY\tBudKufjzpfaom teuft"dym,faywnf;/) f d f q&mwd k Y t ,l / / tvGeorarGUaom Zmwdjzihf edAmef\jzpfay: jcif;udk tvdk&SdMuukefaom q&mwdkYonfum; xdkygVdawmfrSm xdkteuf t"dym,frsKd ;udk r,lMuuke/ edAmefrm awbkru ocFww&m;wdrmuJoYkd f S Yk S h kefY&if;Murf;wrf;aomZmwdr&Sdonfudk &nfoefawmfrl ]]tZmwH? tblwH}} [l a[mawmfrlMuonf[k ,lMuukef\/ 1/ a0'emwm 0d, a[wkyp, or0g,ocFgwm, um&P omr*d,m e ZmwH edAwEd tZmwH/ 2/ um&aPe 0dem o,ar0 e blwH e ygwkblwH e OyEEd tblw/ H [laom t|uxmygXfvnf; 1/ taMumif;w&m;wdkY\ nDGwfrIaMumifhjzpfaom w&m; r[kwf tZmw/ 2/ taMumif;ESihfuif; rdrdtvdktavsmufjzpfaom w&m; r[[kwf tblw/ (2) &yfwGif taMumif;ESihfuif;jzpfaom w&m;r[kwf[k zGihfqdkojzihf taMumif;ESihfruif;rljzpfaom w&m;omwnf;[laom teufudk ,lMuukef\/ igwd k Y t ,l / / jrwfpGmbk&m;tvdkawmftm;jzihf jzpfjcif;[lorQ onf taMumif;ESiruif;&um; taMumif;w&m;aMumihf jzpfonf[aom hf l jzpfwpfrsdK;/ ta[wku'd|d? t"dporkyEdu'd|dwdkY tvdktm;jzihf cyfodrf; aomw&m;wdkY\jzpfjcif;rSm taMumif;[l r&Sd&um; taMumif;ESifh uif;jzpfjcif;[laom jzpfwpfrsdK;? odkY avmu jzpf (2) rsdK;&Sdonf/ xdk (2) rsKd ;wGif edAmefrm taMumif;w&m;wd\ aygif;qHnwf S Yk k D G jcif;aMumifhjzpfaom jzpfrsdK;vnf;r&Sd? taMumif;w&m;ESifhuif; tvdk tavsmufjzpfaom jzpfrsdK;vnf;r&Sd? odkYjzpf [lorQudk y,fjcif;iSm ]]tZmwH? tblwH}} [k a[mawmfrlonf/ (um; xkwjf ytyfaom t|uxmygXfvm t"dym,fwnf;/) t|uxmygXfjzihfyifvQif edAmefonf jzpf[l qdkzG,f tcsi;f cyfor;f rS uif;vGw\/ ke&if;aomjzpfjcif;[lvnf; r&S?d tvGef d f Yf odrfarGUaom jzpfjcif;[lvnf;r&Sd [laomteufudk t|uxmq&mwdkY jyqdkawmfrlonf/ (um; igwdkYt,lwnf;? ESpfNcdKuf&m,lav/) O'gef;ygVdawmf ]]twd bdua0 w'g,weH}} csDaomokwf ]]w'g,weEdwH um&PH}} [k zGihf r*fPf? zdkvfPfwdkY\ tmHkt aMumif;jzpfonfudk ]]w'g,we}} qdkonf[k t|uxmq&mjyay\/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

A BRILLIANT DHAMMA ESSAY

"r0D&onf Ak'\"rw&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/

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&efukefem;u tvGrf;pm
a&T n mol (a&T b d k ) rrat;a&wpfcsewe;f u jynfya&mufaewJh pma&;q&mrBu;D ywjrm;cif d f k u ]]oEmprf;rS tvGrf;pm}} qdkNyD;? kyf&Sifrif;om;BuD; (OD;) 0if;OD;&JU pEm r*Zif;rSm vpOfa&;om;wmudk zwfcJh&bl;ygw,f/ tJ'D ]]oEmprf;rS tvGrf;pm}} qdkwmudktwkvdkufNyD; ]]&efukefem;u tvGrf;pm}} qdkwJh aqmif;yg;wpfyk'favmufudk usrvJ a&;Munhfvkdufcsifygw,f/ rrat;a&uHZmwfq&m&JU pDrHzefwD;ay;vdkufrIaMumihf? 2005 ckESpfu pwifvYkd usrwdvJ &efueajrmufyi;f cdif a&TjynfomNrKd UopfBu;D rSm tajc Yk k f kd k cscJhMu&w,fav/ ]]wpf&Gmrajymif;? olaumif;rjzpf}} qdkwJh pum;[m? usr twGufu vufawGUb0xJudk wGef;ydkYay;vkdufovdkygbJ/ bmhaMumihfrsm; vJqdkyg&if? usraecGifh&vdkufwJh a&TjynfomNrdKUopfBuD;[m blrdeufoef ae&mrSejf zpfwtwGuf NrKd UolNrKd Uom;tm;vH;k wdEiwuG usrwdrom;pkawG hJ Yk S fh Yk d twGufyg aeoihfaexdkufaetyfwJh y#dlya'o oifhawmfavsmufywf aomt&yf suitable place or proper place or town jzpfaevdkYygbJ/ rrat;a&usrwdkYwpfawG a&TjynfomNrdKUopfBuD;udk ajymif;a&GUa&mufvm MuNy;D wJaemuf rMumcifrmygyJ? arwm&Siq&mawmf OD;Z0e (a&Tjynfom) h S f a[mMum;awmfrlwJh ]]rd d k ; zvm Ak ' b momeJ Y wu,h f A k ' b mom}} qdkwJh w&m;awmfudk emMum;cGihf&cJhMuw,fav/ w&m;awmf&JUaus;Zl;? q&mawmf&JUaus;Zl;aMumihf rddk;zvm tpOftquf,HkMunfudk;uG,fvmMuwmawGeJY wu,fhAk'bmom0if olawmfpifwYkd &wemjrwfo;kH yg;wdtay:rSm ,HMk unfouf0ifr[m? twkeYJ Yk I tppfvdk tjywftowfuGmjcm;w,fqdkwmudk em;vnfoabmaygufcJh& ygw,f/ arwm&Siq&mawmfa[mMum;wJh tJ'w&m;awmfxu t"du f D J Zmwfaumif [Homem*& yJcl;NrdKUBuD;u wvaxmfqdkwJhtrsdK;orD;udkvJ tawmfudk ESpfNcdKuftm;usrdcJh&ygw,f/ tJ'Dw&m;udk toHacGrSwqihf pmtkytjzpf tvSLU'umawGu ylaZmfMuwJtwGu?f tJ'pmtkytygt0if f h D f arwm&Siq&mawmf&UJ wjcm;w&m;pmtkyawGuyg "rvufaqmif cs;D jrifh f f kd ay;vkdufwJhtwGuf tawmfuav;zwfrSwfvkduf&ygw,f/ rrat;a&umv'geqdkwmeJY yg&rDxdkufwJh'geqdkwJh taMumif;awGudkvJ q&mawmfa[mMum;wJw&m;awmfawGxuae oabmaygufem;vnfcifh h J G &vdkufwm[m tifrwefBuD;rm;wJhtcGifhta&;BuD;wpf&yf&vdkufovdk cHpm;rdcJh&ygw,f/ 'gaMumihf nDrwdkYZmwdajrtnma&TbdkrSm&SdMuwJh rrat;tyg t0if &Gmol&Gmom;tm;vHk;? nDtpfudkarmifESraqGrsdK;awGygrusef? &Gmu vlawGtvSLjyKMur,fqdk&if? tydkyumoeawGbufrvkdufMubJ wu,f vdktyfwJhae&mawGudk wu,fwef;OD;pm;ay;NyD;awmh? tvSLcHyk*dKvftyg t0if tm;vHk;csrf;omMuap&eftwGuf OD;wnfESvHk;oGif;jyKvkyfMu&wJh 'geukodkvfaMumifh? avmuDpnf;pdrfcsrf;omudk riJhrawmifhwbJ r*fzkdvf edAmefudkom &nfrSef;NyD;awmh? yg&rDxkdufwJh 'gejzpfatmifBudK;pm;MuzdkY? usrodvmwJh todw&m;uav;eJY wdkufwGef;csifpdwfawG aygufaeyg w,f/ rrat;a&yg&rDqwmu oHo&mwpfzufurf;udk ul;ajrmuf&mul;ajrmuf kd aMumif; jrihfjrwfolwdkY&JUtvkyfjzpfw,fqdkwmudkvJ q&mawmf&JUw&m; pmtkyfawGu zGihfqdk&Sif;jyw,fav/ tJ'yg&rDqwpum;oHukd nDrwdi,fpOfuwnf;u &if;ES;D Mum; D kd hJ Yk cJ&ayr,fh t"dym,fuusawmh tckvxx0if0ifeufeufi;f di;f odcMhJ u h kd kd J J Id I wmrS r[kwygbJ/ tckrS yg&rDqwoabmteufukd odvu&wJtwGuf f kd hJ dk f h vnf; tvGefudkwefzdk;&SdvSygw,fvdkY ajymcsifygw,f/ 'gaMumif?h nDrtzdt&mrSmawmh a&SUqufvuf&ioefci&r,hf Yk S f G hf oufwrf;wpfavQmufrm? 0#fqif;&Jjcif;taygif;wdrS vGwajrmufoo&m S Yk f H wpfzufurf;udk ul;ajrmuf&mul;ajrmufaMumif;jzpfapwJh'ge? oDv? bm0emrIawGjzpfatmif BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfawmhrSmjzpfwJhtwGuf &Gmu aqGrsdK;rdwfo*F[awGudkvJ tJ'DvdkBudK;yrf;MuzdkY arwma&SUxm;NyD; ajym Mum;vkdufyg&ap/ rrat;a&yDwjd zpfp&m nDrud,awGUumv'getaMumif;uav;wpfcukd k f k ajymjy&ygtHk;r,f/ wpfaeYrSm tvkyfoGm;&if;eJY vrf;ay:rSm owdarhNyD; vJusaewJh rdef;uav;wpfa,muftem;rSm? vlawGuvJ 0dkif;tHkvdkYMunfh aeMuwmawGU&vdkY nDrvJoGm;Munhfrdygw,f/ tJ'Drdef;uav;[m tm;tvGefenf;NyD; rl;arhvJusoGm;wmjzpf wJtwGu?f eD;&maq;cef;wpfcef;udk tjrefq;kH oGm;jyrSjzpfr,htajctae h f rsdK;jzpfwmaMumifh? olYtem;rSm&SdwJh olY&JUtrsdK;om;jzpfw,fqdkwJholudk? nDru aq;cef;tjrefoGm;zdkYajymawmh? tif;rvkyftJrvkyfeJYaq;cef;oGm; r,hf trlt&menf;enf;rS rjybl;/ aiGaMu;vuPmyg;&Sm;wmxuf r&SdwmrsdK; jzpfaewmawGU&w,f/ rrat;a&nDrvJ oem;vGef;wmeJYyJ tdwfuyfxJygvmwJh &SdpkrJhpkaiGudk Eduxway;vkuNf y;D awmh aq;cef;udtjrefq;kH oGm;jyzdem;cswuwe;f vkuf I f k f d k Yk kd f G d w,f/ tJ'tcserm tem;w0du0i;f tHaeMuwJvawGxu wpfcsKd UuvJ D d f S k f kd k h l J raeEdiMf uvdYk 0di;f 0ef;Ny;D olwwwfEiMf uoavmuf aiGawGpNk y;D ay;vkuf k k Ykd kd d Muw,f/ tJ'DawmhrS aq;cef;oGm;zdkY tqifajyoGm;&Smw,feJY wlw,f/ teD;tem;u qdkufum;wpfpD;ac:NyD;? vlrrmudk ayGUcsDum aq;cef;udk tajy;oGm;ygawmhw,f/ rrat;a&nDrvJ udk,hftvkyfeJYudk,fIyfae&muae aemuf (10) &uf avmufMumwJhtcgrSm tJ'Drdef;uav;eJY nDrjyefqHkrdMuw,f/ oluav; uolab;rSm a,musm;azmfwpfa,mufevmMu&mrSm nDreJqrMd uwmyg/ Y f YJ Y kH oluav;u ]]tpfrBu;D &,f? eD;wJvufzuf&nfqirm xdiMf u&atmifyg/ h kd f S k aus;Zl;&SitpfrBu;D udk vufzuf&nfeYJ jyKpcijfh yKygvm;&Si}f } wJ/ olab;rSm f k G h Y ygvmwJh oltrsKd ;om;uajymjyvd?Yk tpfrBu;D ulncwmudk od&ygw,fw/ Y D hJ hJ

A BRILLIANT DHAMMA ESSAY

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"r0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/ a&;om;vkdufwmjzpfw,fqdkwm,Hkygaemf/ rrat;a&0rf;omp&mowif;wpfcuvJ tckvBkd uKH we;f BuKH curm ajymjy k kd k kd f S yg&apvm;/ q&mawmfO;D aqmifwhJ ]]arwm&Sibmom,Ofaus;rIr*Zif;}} f wpfapmifxGufaeNyDav/ ]]pmzwfolawGudk aumif;pm;apcsifwJh arwm apwem[m pma&;ol&UJ wpfu,v;kH rSm jynfvQae&r,f}} qdwq&mawmf kd f h H k hJ arwm&Sif&JU arwmpum;eJY xGufvmwmav/ usrwdkYvJyJ pmzwfoly&dowftm;vHk;wdkYaumif;pm;apcsifwJh? BuD;yGm;csrf;omapvdkwJhqEtjynfheJY 'Dpmudka&;vkduf&wmjzpfygw,f/ ]]ow0gtm;vHk; ab;&efuif;uGmcsrf;om usef;rmMuygapvdkY..}} a&T n mol (a&T b d k ) pmrsuf E S m 19 rS
Kusalakamma- Meritorious action Blameless wholesome action producing beneficial results. Charity, moral conduct and meditation are meritorious actions.

tJ'DwHk;u oluav;[m vHk;0udkowdr&cJhygbl;wJh/ oem;p&muav;yg rrat;&,f/ tckawmh oluav;udk use;f use;f rmrmoGuouvufvuf f G f awGU&vdkY nDrudk,fwdkif0rf;omrdcJh&ygw,f/ rrat;a&tckvdkvrf;oGm;vm&if;eJY ta&;ay:umv'gersdK;rSm? usr wwfEioavmuf tultnDay;Edicwm[m arwm&Siq&mawmfb&m; kd f k f hJ f k &JU aus;Zl;aMumifyjJ zpfygw,f/ [dt&ifuqd&if tckvvrf;oGm;vrf;vm h k k kd &if; vrf;ay:rSm awGUBuKH &wJuprsKd ;udk ud,eroufqiovdk a&Smifui;f h d k f YJ kd f G aerdwwfygw,f/ rrat;a&usrwdkY Ak'bmomjrefrmhvlrsdK;awG[m aumif;rIukodkvfawGjyK trQay;a0NyD;Muwdkif; ow0gawGtay:arwmydkYowwfMuw,faemf/ wu,fawmharwmqdkwmrsdK;u yg;pyfuqdkNyD;awmh 0pDujyKHkavmufeJY ta'goapwodufjzpfwJh arwmtiftm;rjynhfEdkifao;ygbl;/ &S&orQocw? 'kuwow0gtm;vH;k wdtay:rSm wNyKd iwnf; d dS k d d Yk f Bu;D yGm;csr;f omapvdwhJ pdwqEtjynheYJ 0pDuqwEwtm;jzihf olwpfyg; k f f H kd hJ I f pdwfcsrf;omapEdkifatmif ajymqdkrI? raemuHtm;jzihf &Sd&SdorQjrifjriforQ? 'gxufjriftyfrjriftyfow0gtm;vHk; rdrdudk,frjcm; wpfom;wnf; usef;rm? csrf;omapvdkwJhqE&SdrIuvJ trSefwu,fvdktyfaeao;w,f qdkwm awGudk? tJ'D"ruwdx rEav;q&mawmfarwm&Sif&JU w&m;awG xJuae odcGihf&cJhjyefao;&JU rrat;&JU/ tJ'Darwm&Sifq&mawmf&JU arwmtrltusifhawGudk wwfpGrf; Edkifoavmuf vdkufemusihfoHk;aexdkifMunhfawmhvnf;? vdkufemusihfoHk; MuolawGudk,fwdkif t&ifqHk;pdwfat;csrf;omwJh vGwfvyfrIudk cHpm;Mu& w,fqdkwmudk ajymjyvdkYr,Hk udk,fudk,fwdkifBuHKrSyJ odvkduf&jyefygw,f/ rrat;a&udk,fwdkifBuHKcJh&wJharwm&JUom"uuav;wpfcktaMumif;udk 'Dae&mrSm wdkufqdkifvmvdkY ajymjycsifygao;w,f/ nDrwdkYtdrfu armif t&uform;eJY ywfoufvayhg/ aeYrem;nrem;qdovdk tNrwef;rl;l;ae Ykd k J awmh olYtwGufaMumihfyJ nDrwdkYwpftdrfvHk; tNrJyJpdwfqif;&JcJhMu&yg w,f/ q&mawmf&JU w&m;awmfudk qifjcifMunhfvdkufrS pdwfoufom &m&cJygw,f/ tJ'w&m;u bmygvJqawmh ]]raumif;uGuuomMunhf h D dk f kd r,fqdk&if avmurSmaygif;Edkifp&m yk*dKvfwpfa,mufrS r&Sdygbl;wJh/ aumif;uGufukdom Munhfr,fqdkjyef&ifvJ raygif;Edkifp&myk*dKvfqdkvdkY wpfa,mufrS r&Sygbl;}} qdwtwdi;f ESv;kH oGi;f Ny;D awmh? olt&ufaomuf d k hJ k rxm;&if pdwfaumif;&Sdwwfwmuav;awG? usrwdkYrdom;pktay:rSm aumif;wJhtcsufav;awGudk jyefvnfpOf;pm;qifjcifMunhfvkdufawmh? apmapmujzpfay:aewJh ylavmifrIqdkwJha'goapwodufawGuif;pifNyD; at;jrwJcsr;f omrIuaqmifEicwtjyif? armifeEr om;eJtrdwpfawG&UJ h kd kd f hJ hJ YJ S Y qufqa&;toGiawGajymif;vJcru? ywf0ef;usivre,fy,fygruse?f H f hJ kH f l I tm;vHk;eJYtqifajyajyqufqHEdkifvmwm[mvJ arwmw&m;&JUa&mifjyef xif[yfrIawGygyJ rrat;&,f/ 'gaMumihf rrat;tygt0if a&TbuaqGrsKd ;awGtm;vH;k ? &Gmol kd &Gmom;awGtm;vH;k wdetwl? usrwdjYk refrmEdiioEiiom;? urmol urm Yk YJ k f H l kd f H om;? pMu0Vmurmavmu"mwf &Sd&SdorQow0gtm;vHk; wpfa,muf rusef? wpfOD;eJYwpfOD; arwmrysufMupwrf; qufqHMuvdkY? um,uH arwm? 0pDuarwm? raemuHarwmw&m;awGym;rsm;MuygvdYk ajymcsiyg H G f w,f/ tck'DpmudkvJ ow0gtm;vHk;csrf;omusef;rmMuapcsifwJhqEeJY

yk n ud & d , 0w K - jyKvk y f x d k u f a omaumif ; rI v k y f i ef ; rsm; atmufrSmazmfjyxm;wJh csrf;omokcaumif;usdK;trsdK;rsdK;udk &&SdapEdkifwJh? jyKvkyfxkdufwJhaumif;rIvkyfief;awGudk ygVdbmomt& ykn ud&d,m0wK&,fvdkY ac:qdk&ygw,f/
Puakiriya vatthu- Meritorious deed The following meritorious deeds bring all kinds of happiness and prosperity and are to be recommended:

xd k y k n ud & d , m0w K rsm;onf 1/ 'ge- pGefYBuJay;urf;vSL'gef;jcif;/

1. Dana- generosity or charity;

2/ oDv- udk,frIEIwfrIrsm;udk apmifhxdef;jcif;/

2. S1la- morality or good moral conduct;

3/ bm0em- aumif;rIukodkvfrsm;udk wdk;yGm;atmifjyKvkyfjcif;/

- 3. Bhavana - meditation;

4/ typm,e- dkaoxdkufoludk dkaoav;pm;jcif;/

4. Apacayana- paying due pespect to those who are worthy of it;

5/ a0,sm0p- olwpfyg;\aumif;rIuovuprsm;? udpB u;D i,frsm;udk k kd f d yg0ifvkyfaqmifjcif;/

5. Veyyavacca- helping others perform good deeds;

6/ ywd'ge- rdrdjyKvkyfaom ukodkvftzdkYudk trQtwef;ay;a0jcif;/

6. Pattidana- sharing of merit after doing some good deed;

7/ ywmEkarm'e- olwpfyg;wdu ukovtrQay;a0onfukd 0rf;ajrmuf Yk kd f 0rf;omom"kac:jcif;/

7. Pattanumodana- rejoiung at other merit-making;

8/ "r0e- w&m;udkaumi;fpGmem,lrSwfom;jcif;/
8. Dhammassavana- listening well to Doctrine;

9/ "ra'oem- w&m;udka[majymjyojcif;/
9. Dhammadesana - teaching the Doctrine;

10/ 'd|dZkur- t,ludk ajzmihfrSefatmif,ljcif;[l (10) rsdK;&Sdygw,f/

10. Ditthizukamma- straightening one's views. ..

ty r m'- rarh r avsmh j cif ; ^ Heedfulness ty r ma'g trwH y'H ? yrma'g rp K aem y'H ? tyrwm e rD,Ed? a,yrwm ,xm rwm/

THERAVADA RERSPECTIVE
"r0D&onf "ropmudk Tefjyonf/

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rarhravsmjh cif;onf rao&mrSeeAmefudk &jcif;\taMumif;wnf;/ EkefYaES;odrfzsif;nHhw,f/ 'g[mtodPfenf;wJh pDrHrIjzpfw,f/ fd t"r 0 g'awG a yguf z G m ;&m arhavsmhjcif;onf aojcif;\taMumif;wnf;/ todPfrsm;Ny;D ? ,HMk unfcsuuenf;oGm;vQif usr;f *efrsm;rSm f rarhravsmhaomolwdkYonf aoonfrrnfukef/ ]]Av0yanm? rEoa'g? au&m#d,yuHbZwd}} wJh/ Mum;zl;MuNyD;jzpfwJh arhavsmholwdkYonfom aoonfrnfukef\/ a&S;utawG;tac:ta0tzefawGe?YJ awmifawG;ajrmufawG;eJY ,lqvm Heedfulness is the way to Deathlessness (Nibbana) Heedlessness is the way to death. wJh t"r0g'awG[mvJ? todPfrsm;NyD; ,HkMunfcsufenf;wJhvlawG&JU The heedful never die, (wheras). t,ltq[m rrSefbJ? aumufuspfpOf;vJwJhtjzpfodkY csOf;uyf0ifa&muf The heedless are as if dead. oGm;w,f/ olYt,ltqrrSefjzpfoGm;w,f/ 'g[m todPfrsm;NyD; ow 0 gawG r S m &S d o ih f & S d x d k u f a omw&m; ,HkMunfcsufenf;oGm;vdkYjzpfw,f/ 'DurmavmurSmjzpfvmMuwJh ow0gawGrSeforQ avmuDrSm ,H k M unf c suf e J Y tod Pf n D r QygrS jzpfwnfaeMuwJhykyk&G&G kef;uefvIyf&Sm;oGm;vmaewJh ow0gawG&JU o'geJYynmqdkwm wpfckckrsm;oGm;&if raumif;bl;/ 'Dw&m; oEmefrSm &Sdoifh&SdxdkufwJhw&m;u ]]o'g ynm? orm 0D&d? apmif;ES,f ESpfyg;nDrQatmif tm;xkwfzdkYvdkw,f/ ,HkMunfcsufeJY todPfnDrQrS n d ? nD b d a omf o m? usd K ;xif & m\/}} wJ h / tusdK;pD;yGm;[m ajzmifhajzmihfwef;wef;jzLjzLpifpif tusdK;&Sd&SdNyD;ajrmuf o'g&,f ynm&,f? orm&,f 0D&,&,f 'DvEppy?J av;vH;k u d kd S f kH w,fvdkY rSwfyg/ o'geJYynmu wpfpHk? ormeJY0D&d,uwpfpHk? 'DESpfpHk&Sdw,f/ ud k , f y sif ; pd w f y sif ; ? ysif ; ES p f y sif ; ? uif ; rS o m ]]o'g ynm? orm 0D&d? apmif;ES,fnd? nDbdaomfom? 'Dtwkdif;yJ? orm"deJY 0D&d,ESpfyg;udkvJ nDrQatmif jyKvkyf&rSm usdK;xif&m\}} qdkwJhtwkdif; ]]awoH orbm0awm twm0a[m}} jzpfygw,f/ udk,fysif;pdwfysif;? ysif;ESpfysif;? uif;yrSom? O|me0D&d,rsdK;? 'DygVdawGutaMumif;jyKNy;D ? a&S;uynm&Soawmfaumif;Bu;D awG a&;om; kd d l rQrQww orm"dw&m;eJY nDrQNy;D ? ud,vywtvkyxrm csKd U,Gi;f csur&S?d k f k f hJ f J S f cJwhJ vuFmygXfwef;? jrefrmpum; vuFmygXfwef; tzd;k rwefb;l r[kwb;l / h f tcsKd ;wus tusKd ;&S&NdS y;D ajrmufygr,f/ 'Dw&m;ESpyg;vJ nDrQygrS ud,vyf d f k f k bk&m;a[mygVdawGukd &nf&,Nf y;D awmh a&S;uynm&SBd u;D awG a&;om;oGm; G wJhtvkyf[m aumif;usdK;awGjzpfygr,f/ wJh vuFmygXfwef;awGudkMunhf&if? ygVdawmf t|uxmawGeJY udkufnDae 'gaMumifh udk,fvkyfwJhtvkyfawG csdKUcsdKU,Gif;,Gif;ysufysuf Muwmjzpfw,f/ 'DtxJu pmta&;tom;aumif;awmh ygVdt|uxm usdK;usdK; rjzpf&atmif? o'g-ynm? orm"d- 0D&d, nDnDrQrQeJYtm;xkwf u ygwJhtqHk;trMo0g'awG a&;cJhMuwm/ 'gaMumifh? o'geJYynm nDae vkyfudkifwJhtvkyfawGrSeforQ aumif;usdK;csrf;omawGeJY jynhfpHkatmifjrif ygap? orm"deJY0D&d,nDaeygap/ 'DESpfpHknDygrS tusdK;xifw,f/ MurSmjzpfygw,f[l wpfcsdefaomtcgu EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,u ]]awoH orbm0awm tw m 0a[m}} tzGJU 'kwd,Ou|? t*r[my@dw b'Ecrm0k" >rufMum;awmfrlaom awoH- xdw&m;wd\? orbm0awm- nDrQonf\tjzpfonf? k Yk Mo0g' uxmwpfyk'fudk jyefvnfazmfjytyfygw,f/ twm0a[m- rdrdvdkcsifaomtusdK;pD;yGm;udk &Gufaqmif\/ 'DygVdt& The excess of Mindfulness (Sati) is always appreciated txufygvuFmudka&;xm;wmjzpfw,f/ o'gqdkwm ,HkMunfrI? avmuD Excess of Four Things below are not appreciated:rSmjzpfjzpf? avmukw&mrSmjzpfjzpf vkywtvkytay:rSm ,HMk unfronf f hJ f I 1. Saddha (faith) in excess leads to blind faith. - (Wisdom) in excess leads to criticism. 2. Paa o'g/ 'gudkay;wJhurf;wJhae&mrSm oHk;aeMuawmh? wjcm;ae&mrSm oHk;vdkY 3. V1riya (Effort) in excess leads to restlessness. rjzpfbl;qdkwJh tjzpfrsdK;a&mufaew,f/ 4. Samadhi (Concentration) in excess leads to indolence. t0d Z m w&m;onf ynma,mif a qmif w wf \ / Therefore the 1st and 2nd and the 3rd and 4th should be o'gqdkwm jrefrmvdk,HkMunfcsuf? ynmqdkwm todPf? balance. However, the excess of Mindfulness (Sati) is always todPfqdkwm ESpfrsdK;? rSefwJhtwdkif;odw,f/ trSm;odw,f/ ESpfrsdK;&Sd appreciated. . This Mangala suggests non- negligence in doing goodw,f/ rSewmodwm ynm? rSm;wmodwm t0dZm arm[? t0dZmw&m;[m f trSm;udk trSefxifodwm[m ynma,mifaqmifaewJh w&m;yJ/ t0dZm deeds. The negligent will lead and easygoing life. Thus this blessing plays the most important part both ynmy#dlyaue- t0dZmw&m;onf ynma,mifaqmifwwfw,f/ in mundane and superamundance aspects. tod Pf e nf ; yg;aompD r H r I This article give guide lines in the scopes of attentiion, 'gaMumif?h o'geJynm nDrQatmifxm;&r,f/ nDrQrtusKd ;xif abservance and abstinence which are the essential things to perY S r,f/ tvkywpfcukd vky&r,htvky?f rvky&r,htvky&,fvYkd ,HMk unfrI form in order to live up a prosperous living in this present life and f k f f f f f . &SdaecsdefrSm? ynmub,fvdkvkyf&r,f/ b,fvdkudkif&r,f? ajyajyjypfjypf the next existences in the round of rebirths. These mangalas pave a smooth way in this life if one obeys them strictly. They are a xpfxpfaighaihgr&S?d uk,vcsiwtusKd ; pD;yGm;a&mufatmif? aumif;vm sort of duties and responsibilities in the mankind. d f kd f hJ atmif b,fvdkvkyfrS? b,fvdkudkifrSqdkwJh todPftrSefawGudk ynm/ To ensure a prosperous living, issues on nobility and 'Do'gynmESpyg;rSm tu,f o'gw&m;,HMk unfcsuawGu rsm;vmvQi?f mental maturity are discussed in the next article for old people f f if;aemufudk todynmu rvkdufEdkif/ usrf;*efrsm;u ]]Av0oa'g rE who can make profit in this life and the here- after. "r0D&- oEmatmif yanm rkayoaEma[mwd}}? o'gw&m;,HkMunfcsufu tm;aumif;NyD;? tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g' vkyfwJhudkifwJhtcgenf;vrf;rus rrSefruefjzpfvm&if? ,HkMunfrIu Ak ' o moemjyKwu o d k v f ? tm;rsm;NyD;? ynmu tm;enf;rnDrrQjzpfawmh? vkyfwJhudkifwJhtvkyf[m &ef u k e f / EkefYaES;odrfzsif;w,f/ nHhw,f/ 'g[mrkayoE/ olY&JU,HkMunfcsuf[m

CONDITIONAL RELATIONS OF THE CAUSE OF WORLDLY PHENOMENA

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[H o m0wD - OD ; tk e f ; Bud K if a&SUujycJhNyD;aom o[Zmw ed,? 0wKyka&Zmwed, ypnf;wdkYonfum; 0db*F0g& ygVdawmf wdkufdkufvmaom ypnf;wdkY jzpfavonf/ ,ckqufvuf azmfjyvdkonfh 0wm&r Pyka&Zmw? ed,yka&Zmwypnf;wdkYum; tqkdyg 0db*F0g&rvm? ocsFm0g&om ]ed, yp,m tm&raP wdPd}} [ka[mawmfrl\/ ed,yp,m-ed,ypnf;aMumihf? tm&raP=tm&rP ypnf;? wdPd-oHk;yg;ukefaom? 0doZemed-tajzwdkYudk? vAEd-&tyfukef \/ wdPd[laomfum;? tAsmuawm tAsmuw? tAsmuawm ukov? tAsmuawm tukovwdkYjzpfav\/ tvGefYtvGefcufcJeufeJaomw&m; ypnf;wdkYonfum; tvGefYtvGefeufeJcufcJpGm od&Sdtyf\/ tb,faMumihfqdkygaomf 0wm&r Pyka&Zmw ypn;f [laom ygVdawmf t&? 0wKvnf;jzpf? tmHkvnf;jzpf? a&S;vnf;jzpf? rSD&mvnf;jzpfMuNyD; taMumif;ypnf;jzpfaom wpfckwnf;aomw&m;udkom aumuf,l&m\ rPdom&rL? rPd'Dyq&mwdkYtqdk xdoaumuf,&m0,f? tusK;d ypKyerum; tAsmuw? ukov?f k Ykd l f l dk tukokdvfoHk;rsKd;oHk;pm;&EkdifMuaom t&m|mewdkYudk &SmazGaom tcg pkwdr&PoEtcgom wuGeufrSD&mvnf;jzpf? tmHkvnf;jzpfEkdif onfhtjzpfudk rPdom&rL? rPd'Dypaom q&mBuD;rsm;u tus,f w0ihfzGihfjyawmfrlonfhtwdkif; n0gt&aumuf q&mwdkYu aumufMu onfrSm ]]0wm&rP yka&Zmwed,? ypn;f ? yp,ye?f ypeutm; k d f jzihf? oHk;yg;tjym;&Sdukef\/ xdkoHk;yg;wdkYwGif r&PoEtcg pkwdpdwfrS jyefa&onf&Sdaomf (17)csufajrmufaom pdwfESihftwl Oyg'faom [',0wK? w&m;wdkYonf 0wm&rP yka&Zmwed, ypnf;wyf aom w&m;wdkYrnfukef\}} ]]r&PoEtcg rae'Gg&m0Zef;? umraZmwpfck,kwf(30)? w'gHk{um'o? m? rp&d,? ukuKp? 0d&wD? tyrnm MuOfaom apwod u f pwk p w m vD o ? w&m;wd k Y o nf 0w m &r P yka&Zmwypnf;\ yp,kyefjzpfaom w&m;wdkYrnfukef\}} ]]0wm&rP yka&Zmwypnf;udk r&cdkuf r&ao;aom pdwf wpfck,kwf(90)? apwoduf a'Gynmo? pdwZkyf? y#doaEurZkyf? Am[D&kyf? tm[m&Zkyf? OwkZkyf? tonowfurZkyf? y0wdurZ kyf w&m;wdkYonf 0wm&rP yka&Zmwed, ypnf;\ ypedufjzpf aom w&m;wdkYrnfukef\}} [k ypnf;t&aumufudk a&;jyawmfrlonf r&PoEtcgrwdkifrDu rdrdwdkYaocgeD; u&Zum,wdkYudk tmHkjyK? 0dyemIjcif;? ESpfoufom,mjcif;? ESvHk;rom,mjcif;? awGa0rdef;arm jcif;wnf;[laom ukokdvf? tukokdvfw&m;wdkYjzpfyGm;MuNyD;aemuf aoaygufteD;odkYa&mufav\/ r&PoE0Dxdjzpfaomtcg xdpOfr&PoE0xjd zpfaomtcg xda&SUu ukov?f tukovf k D k kd kd tjzpfESihf tmHkjyKcJhMuaom aocgeD; u&Zum,wdkYtwGif;xJ yg0if onfh pkwpwrS jyef a&onf&aomf (17)csuajrmufaompdwEitwl d d f dS f f S fh Oyg'faom [',0wKkyfonf xdka&SUujyKcJhaom ukokdvf? tukokdvf uredrdwfjzpf raem'Gg& r&PoE0DwdpdwfwdkY\ tmHkvnf;jzpf? rSD&m vnf;jzpfMu aoEkdifMuukef\/ ocsFmoHk;yg;&yHk&enf; xdkodkYaoEkdifMuaomtcgwkdYrSm xdkr&PoE[',0wKkyfudk tmHkvnf;jyK? rSDvnf;rSDMuNyD; raem'Gg&m0Zef; w'gHkwdkYjzpfMuaom tcgwdkYrSm ]tAsmuawm tAsmuw} [laom ocsFmwpfyg;udk&\/ (wenf;)udk r&PoE[',0wKkyfudk tmHkvnf;jyK? rSD&mvnf;jzpfMu NyD; ukodkvfr&PmoEaZmjzpfMuaomtcgwdkYrSm ]tAsmuawm ukov } [laom ocsFmwpfyg;udk &\/ (wenf;) xdkr&P oEaZmjzpfMu aomtcgwdkYrSm ]tAsmuawm tukov} [laom ocsFmwpfyg;udk &\/ NrJNrHcdkifcHhaom ed,ypnf; od&tyfonfu&nf jrwfpmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfronf Yk kd G l udk y|mef;t&aumufESihfwuG oHk;csufpk q&mawmfrsm;udk a&;om; awmfrlMu\/ um;b,fq&m b,f0g'urS rvIyfacsmufjcm;Ekdifaom NrJNrHcdkifcHhaom 0wm&rPyka&Zmwed,ypnf;t&jzpfayonf/ tcsKdUoHk;csufpkwdkYrSmum; tbdPfa'G;xnhf aumufMu\/ if;twGuf a&S;a&Tausmif; oHC&mZm q&mawmfrsm;? pwk&*FAvtrwf BuD;rsm;ESihf y|meom&'DyeDq&mawmfrsm;trsKd;rsKd;tzHkzHk ,lqMuNyD;vQif y|mef;ypnf;udk y0wdtcgvnf; ,lMuum tqHk;tjzwfrsm;udk rsm; pGma&;om;awmfrlMuonf/ q&mhq&mwdkY\ tqHk;tjzwf xkdodkYa&;om;awmfrlMuaomfvnf; if;tbdnmPfa'G;udk pkwdtcgwdkYvnf;r&Muukef/ y0wdtcgwkdYrSmvnf; rjzpfEkdifMuukef[k q&mhq&mwdkYu qHk;jzwfawmfrlMuukef\/ odkY qHk;jzwfonfwdkYudk tusOf;tm;jzihf jy&rl r&PoE0Dxd &[EmwdkY tbdnmPfaZmaemif pkwdus y&dedAmefjyK(ao)EkdifMu aomf v nf ; ? yk x k Z Of a ou w d k Y aocgeD ; r&PoE t cg 'd 0 d " tbdnmOfwdkYonf if;a&S;tzdkYu tmHkjyKcJhaom uredrdwfjzpfonfh [',0wKyukd 'd0"tbdnmOfpw\ tmHvnf;jyK? rS&mvnf; jzpf? k f d d f k D aoNy;D onhaemuf jA[mjh ynfovnf; ra&mufEiMf uay/ tb,faMumihf f Ykd dk qdkaomf jA[mhbHku y#doaEpdwf\ tmHkjzpfonfhynwfurrdwf? r[*KwfuredrdwfwdkY rjzpfMuyJ? r&PoEaZmu tmHkjyKonfh tvGJ [',0wKuredrdwfjzpfaeaomaMumihfjzpfavonf/ r&PoEtcg tbdnmPfa'G;r&Ekdifjcif;rSm tu,f if;tbdnmPf&aom yk*dKvfonf jA[mhjynfodkY

CONDITIONAL RELATIONS OF THE CAUSE OF WORLDLY PHENOMENA

"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ roGm;vdkyJ umrok*wdbHkwdkY* omjzpfvdkaom eduEwPSmjzpf xdk[',0wK uredrdwfudk tmHkjyKNyD; umrbHkrSm y#doaEaeonf[k qdygrl xdy*Kd vonf psmefwuyif aocgeD;tcgwdrm ravhvmyJ avsmus k k k f Ykd kd Yk S NyD;rSomjzpf oGm;aomaMumihf tbdnmOfESihfvnf; raoqHk;EkdifcJhay/ odkYtwGufaMumihf r&PmoEtcgwGif tbdnmPfa'G;udk r&Ekdifjcif;jzpf onfudk odMuygav/ jzpfEkdifajcudk ,lq a&;om;Mujcif; tu,f if;tcgr&ojzihf y0wdtcgwdkYrSm &Ekdif&ef jzpfp&mwdkYudk BuHq a&;om;MuonfwkdYum; rdrdwdkYjzpfqJ [',0wK kyfudk tmHkvnf;jyK 0dyemIjcif;? om,mjcif;ponfjzpfMuaom tcg if;0wKkyfudk tmHkvnf;jyK? rSD&mvnf;jzpf ukokdvfaZm? tukovaZm? Bw,maZmESiwuG tbdnmOfaZmwdyg jzpfEiMf uonf[k kd f d fh Yk dk ,lqawmfrl odkYa&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/ tEk#Dumq&mawmf\ tvdk ,if;odkY ,lqonf if;jzpfqJjzpfaom [',0wKkyfwpfck wnf;udk tmHkum;jzpfEdkifMu\/ odkYaomf rSD&m0wKum; rjzpfEkdifay/ tb,faMumihfqdkygaomf ya0gum&bHkjzpfMuaom raem"mwf? raem 0dnmP"mwfwdkYonf a&SUpdwuP wpfcsufESihf NydKifaom [',0wK kyfudkom rSDEkdifMuonfudk odapvdk if;y|mef;tEk#Dum q&mu atmufygtwdkif;jyqdkygonf/ ]]yk&dr yk&dr pdwuPkyaE [',0wK odf H? Owkw&med y0wEd}} teufjrefrmjyefum; yk&dr yk&dr pdwuPkyaE-a&S;a&S;teE w& pdwf\ Oyg'fcPjzpfaom? [',0wKod H-[',0wK? Owkw *&ed-txuftxufjzpfaom aemufpwwonf? y0wE-rSjzpfue\/ d f Ykd d D k f odkYtEk#DumjytyfaomaMumihfvnf;aumif;? xdkrSwpfyg; 0dok'dr*ft|uxmvnf; atmufygtwdkif;jyqdk\/ y#doEdpdw Oyg'uaP? OyEH XmeywH yka&ZmwH? 0wHK ed,? 'kwd,b0* OyZwd/ awe o'd HOyEH XmeywH? yka&ZmwH 0wKH edm,? wwd,b0* OyZwd/ rdem ea,e ,m0wm,k u H ? pd w y 0w d a 0'd w A m / teufjrefrmjyefum;? y#doEpw- y#doaEpw\ Oyg'u d d d f aP- Oyg'uP? OyEH- jzpfaom? XmeywH- XDodkYa&mufNyD;aom? yka&ZmwH- yka&Zmwjzpfaom? 0wHK? [',0wKudk? edm,- rSD? 'kw, b0*- 'kw,b0ifonf? OyZw- jzpf\/ awe- xdb0ifpwEi?fh d d d k d f S o'd H- wuG? OyEH- jzpfaom? XmeywH- XDodkYa&mufNyD;aom? yka&ZmwHyka&Zmwjzpfaom? 0wHK- [',0wKudk? edm- rSD? wwd,b0*wwd,b0ifonf OyZwdjzpf\/ rdemea,e- enf;jzihf? ,m0wm ,ku- toufxufq;kH ? pdwy0w- pdw\jzpfjcif;ud?k a0'dwAm- jyuawh H d f tcgwdrmum;? t|uxm #Dumwdvmwki;f a&S;pdwuPwpfcsuEi?hf Yk S Yk d f S Oyg'fNyKd i? XDoa&mufojzih?f tm;&Saom [',0wKyuom rSMD uukef f Ykd d k f kd \/ tbd " r w 0 d u moeD # D u m r&PmoEtcgwdkYrSmum;? uJhodkY [',0wKkyfr&Sdonhf twGuf? pkwdpdwfrS jyefa&aomf (17) csufaom pdwfESifhtwl Oyg'f aom [',0wKudkcsnf;om rSDMuonhftjzpfudk odapvdk tbd"rw 0dumoeD#Dum{updwuPm wduarmwdp? tewDawupdwuP 'kAvwm,? {updwuPm wduare? w Avbm0'ewH

27

0kwH/ e ye 'dGwdpwk pdwuPm wDwmeH? ed,bm0gbm0awm/ ponfjzihf jyqdk\/ teufjrefrmjyefum;? {updwuPm wduarmwdp- aemuf aemufpw\ a&S;a&S;pdwEitwlo Oyg'faom? [',0wKukd rSaMumif; d f f S fh D udk jy&m0,f? {updwuPm wdur[laompum;udvnf;? temwDawu k pdwuP- pdwuPwpfcsufudkrQ rvGefao;aom [',0wK\ 'kAvwm,- tm;enf;onf\tjzpfaMumihf? {updwuPm wduarepdwuPwpfcsufudk vGefojzihf? w- xdk[',0wK\? Av0bm0 'ewH- tm;&Sdonf\tjzpfudkjyjcif;iSm? 0kwH- qdktyf\/ 'dGwdpwk pdwuPmwDwmeH- pdwuPESpfcsufoHk;csufav;csufudk vGefjcif;&Sdukef aom [',0wKwdkY\? ed,bm0gbm0awm- pdwf\rSD&mrjzpfonf \ tjzpfaMumihf? eye0kwH- qdktyfonfr[kwfay/ tmH k w pf y g;rS D & mwpf j cm;jzpf y H k r sm; odkYponfjzihf rdefYqdktyfMuavaomaMumihf? ya0gum& y#doaEtcgESihf if;pkwdtcgwdkYrSwpfyg; tjcm;aomtcgwdkYrSmum; a&S; pdwuPwpfcsufvGefESihf Oyg'f XDodkYa&mufNyD;? tm;&Sdaom [',0wK wdkYudkom rSDMu&avaomaMumifh? a&SUujycJhaom y0wdtcg[',0wK wpfckwnf;udk tm;vHk;vnf;jyK? aemufaemuf pdwuPwdkif;wdkYu rSD&m vnf;jzpfEdkifaom? 0wm&rPypnf;t& rjzpfEdkifaomaMumifh? tmHk wpfyg;rSD&mwjcm;jzpfojzihf 0wm&rPypnf; pdwuPwpfckwnf;rSm? [0wdtcgwdkY r&xkdufonftjzpfudk pifppfod&SdMu&rnfjzpfonf/ rPd r L omq&mawmf \ tqd k t rd e f Y a&S;ujycJhonhftwdkif; r&PmoEtcgrSwpfyg;? y0wdtcg wdkYrSm &aumif;\[k ,lqMuaom q&mwdkY\tqHk;tjzwfonf olwdkY txifEiow,qMuwmomjzpfaMumif; odapvd rPdrLomq&mawmf S fh l Y k d l k u atmufygtwdkif; qdkrdefYjyef\/ aupdyer rwr ovauwGm? {uuaP ed,m &r P ? yp , bm0 0d e d p a ,? twd 0 d , ud v rE d / 0d e d p d e E m p tnxm 0dedpdeEd? wH awoH rwdrwH/ teufjrefrmjyefum;? aupdye- tcsdKUaomq&mwdkYonfum;? rrw- ,ckjyqdcNhJ y;D aom pkwpwrjS yefa&aomf (17) csuajrmuf H k d d f f aompdwEitwl Oyg'faom [',0wKwpfcwnf;\ r&PmoE0x f S hf k d D tusHK;0ifaom? raem'Gm&m0Zef;? aZm w'gHkwdkYtm; wpfckwnf;aom cP? tm&rPowd? ed,owdESpfyg;pHktm;jzihf aus;Zl;jyKonf\ tjzpfwnf;[laomteufoabmud?k tovauwm- rrSwEiueonf G f kd f k f jzpf? {uuaP- wNydKifwnf;aomcP? ed,m&rP yp,bm0 0dedpa,- wpfckwnf;aom [',0wK\ ed,owd? tm&rPowd ESpfyg;pHkjzihf? ukodkvf? tukodkvf? tAsmuwjzpfaom yp,kyefw&m;wdkY tm; aus;Zl;jyKonf\tjzpfudk qHk;jzwfjcif;? twd0d,udvrEd- tvGef vQif yifyef;Muuke\/ 0depeEmp- qH;k jzwfMuukeaomfvnf;? tnxmf d d f y|mef;ygVdawmfESifhtnD jyqdkcJhNyD;aom 0dedp,rSwyg;aomtjcif;t&m tm;jzihf? 0dedpdeEd- qHk;jzwfMuukef\/ wH- xdkaupdq&mwdkY\ tqHk;t jzfonf? awoH- xdkaupdq&mwdkY\? rwdrwH- tvdkrQomwnf;[k rdefYawmfrl\/ xdkodkY rdefYawmfrlonhftwdkif; r&PmoEumvrSwpfyg; y0wd umvudk,lrl wpfNydKifeufwpfcsufwnf;? [',0wKwpfckudkom tmHk vnf; jzpfrSD&mvnf;jzpfaom tcsufrsm;r&Edkifonfudk a&SUujycJhNyD;onhf twdkif; tusOf;tm;jzihf od&SdMuapvdkygonf/

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tBuD;qHk;jzpf\/ (yH? 3? yg? 'udP0db*F) y * y k P m ;\ tvS L tusKd ; tvG e f j rwf \ txufazmfjyyg y*yPm;\ tvSL tyd'(1)(2)wdYk t*Fgjynhf k k f pHk\/ ajymzG,fr&Sdjzpf\/ tydk'f(3) t*Fgonf pm;<uif;pm;usefjzpfae vSLzG,f0wKnHhouJhodkY jzpfonfqdkaomfvnf; w&m;ojzihf &SmrSD;&tyf aom ormtmZD0jzihf &Smxm;aom xrif;(qGrf;)jzpfaomaMumifh? tydk'f (3) t*Fgvnf;jynhfpHkonf[kyif qdk&rnfjzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumihf tusKd; tvGefrGefjrwfonf[k qHk;jzwfMujcif;jzpfonf/ od k Y j zpf y gaomaMumih f pm;<uif ; pm;usef q G r f ; awmf u yf ? qGr;f avmif;ponfjyK&mvnf; txufygenf;twdi;f yif tusK;d &SaMumif; k d odrSwfMu&m\/ tvS L 0w K pd p pf j cif ; wpf e nf ; (1) tvSL0wKtxl;aumif;jrwfygu 'geywdjzpf\/ tvGeftusKd;BuD;\/ (2) tvSL0wKomrefrQjzpfygu 'geo[m,jzpf\/ omrnrSefwef;tusKd;&Sd\/ (3) tvSL0wK(udk,fudk,fwdkifyif roHk;pGJonhf)tnHhjzpfygu 'ge'ojzpf\/ tusKd;enf;enf;om&Sd\/ odkYvnf; 'getrsKd;tpm;cGJjcm; tusKd;tenf;trsm;cGJjcm; rSwom;EkiMf u&ef 'DCedum,ft|uxm? t*FwKd &t|uxm? o*gxm f d k f 0*oH,kwf ygVdawmf? t|uxm? 0drme t|uxmwdkYESihf oyK&do 'geokwf? a0vmrokwfwdkY a0zefazmfjyygonf/ tvS L tusKd ; txl ; jrwf a Mumif ; jzpf & yf r sm; (1) tvSLcHjrwfpGmbk&m;? tvSL'um arsmuf? tvSL0wKysm;tHk/ tvSLcHy*Kd v\ tpGr;f aMumihf tusK;d xl;jrwf\/ (tvSL'um arsmuf k f um; uruwPfr&Sd? apwemrxm;wwf) (2) tvSLcH 'kDv? tvSL'uma0vmrykPm;(bk&m;avmif;)? tvSL 0wK&Spfaomif;av;axmif rsKd;aygif;rsm;pGm/ tvSL'um\ o'gapwemtpGrf;aMumihf tusKd;xl;jrwf\/ (3) tvSLcH&[Em? tvSL'um'k|*grPd? tvSL0wKtoufpGefYqGrf;wpf xyf/ tvSL0wKtpGrf;aMumihf tusKd;xl;jrwf\/ (4) tvSLcHbk&m;trSL;&Sdonfh oHCm? tvSLU'um temxydPf? tvSL 0wKaZw0efausmif;/ tvSLcH? tvSL'um? tvSL0wKoHk;yg;tpGrf;aMumihf tusKd;tvGef xl;jrwfavonf/ rS w f o m;&ef w pf e nf ; 'k|*grPd qGrf;tvSL? temxydPftvSLESihfwl\/ rua#m 'udaPa,se? a0vmarm o'apwom/ 'ka|mwk 0wKawaZe? wDa[0 emxyd@daum/ 'ka|m0g wD[da[wl[d? tEkabmwd r[yvH/ (y#dbmef) odkYpojzihfvnf; tvSLudpwdkY avhvma0zefrSwfom; &m\/ armif x d e f 0 if ; (opf a wm) usrf ; uk d ; - "r y 'a'oemawmf

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

29

tvS jyifMu&atmif
Munf v G i f uk o k d v f p d w f ukovpwrm atmufygtwki;f (21) kd f d f S d yg;&Sdygonf/ (pdwfqkdonfrSm tmkHukdBuHpnf odjcif;jzpfygonf/) r[mukodkvfpdwf = 8 yg; ly0p&ukodkvfpdwf = 5 yg; tlyg0p&ukodkvfpdwf = 4 yg; r*fukodkvfpdwf = 4 yg; aygif; = 21 yg; uk o k d v f p d w f (21) yg;teuf vlwi;f ESiqiaom r[mukovpwf (8) yg;ukd dk fh dk f kd f d atmufwGifazmfjyvkdufygonf/ 1/ uH uH\tusKd;ukdodjrif aumif;rIukd 0rf ; ajrmuf & T i f v ef ; pG m wk d u f w G e f ; rI r ygbJ jzpfaompdwf/ 2/ uH uH\tusKd;ukd rodjrifbJ aumif;rIukd 0rf;ajrmuf&ivef;pGm wkuwe;f ojzihf jzpfaom T f d f G pdwf/ 3/ uH uH\tusKd;ukd rodjrifbJ aumif;rIukd 0rf ; ajrmuf & T i f v ef ; pG m wk d u f w G e f ; rI r ygbJ jzpfaompdwf/ 4/ uH uH\tusKd;ukd rodjrifbJ aumif;rIukd 0rf ; ajrmuf & T i f v ef ; pG m wk d u f w G e f ; ojzih f jzpfaom pdwf/ 5/ uH uH\tusKd;ukd odjrif aumif;rIukd 0rf ; om0rf ; enf ; rjzpf b J wk d u f w G e f ; rI r ygbJ jzpfaompdwf/ 6/ uH uH\tusKd;ukdodjrif aumif;rIukd 0rf ; om0rf ; enf ; rjzpf b J wk d u f w G e f ; ojzif h jzpfaompdwf/ 7/ uH uH\tusKd;ukd rodjrifbJ aumif;rIukd 0rf ; om0rf ; enf ; rjzpf b J wk d u f w G e f ; rI r ygbJ jzpfaompdwf/ 8/ uH uH\tusKd;ukd rodjrifbJ aumif;rIukd 0rf ; om0rf ; enf ; rjzpf b J wk d u f w G e f ; ojzih f jzpfaompdwf/ uk o d k v f a pwod u f ukodkvfpdwfESifh ,SOfvsufjzpfay: aom ukovapwoduf (25) yg;rSm atmufyg kd f twk d i f ; jzpf y gonf / apwod u f q k d w mu vIHUaqmf wkdufwGef;wwfaomaMumifh vnf; aumif ; ? pd w f u k d rS D w G , f cs,f v S , f w wf aomaMumif h vnf ; aumif ; apwod u f [ k ac:ygonf/ (1) ,k H M unf r I ? (2) rarh r I ? (3) raumif;rIjyK&rSm &SufrI? (4) raumif;rIjyK&rSm aMumufrI? (5) pGefYvTwfrI? (6) cspfcifrI? (7) tv,ftvwfoabmxm;rI? (8) apwoduf Nidrf;csrf;rI? (9) pdwfNidrf;csrf;rI? (10) apwoduf ayhgyg;rI? (11) pdwfayhgyg;rI? (12) apwoduf El;nhHrI? (13) pdwfEl;nhHrI? (14) apwoduf ckdifcHh rI? (15) pdwcicr?I (16) apwoduvef;qef;rI? f kd f hH f (17) pdwfvef;qef;rI? (18) apwodufajzmifh rwfr?I (19) pdwajzmifrwfr?I (20) rSepmajymqkd f h f G rI? (21) rSefpGmjyKvkyfrI? (22) rSefpGmtoufarG; rI? (23) oem;rI? (24) 0rf;ajrmufrI? (25) trSefukd tpkd;w&odrI/ ok p k d u f w &m; (10) yg; yk n Bud , m (10) yg; aumif ; rI (10) yg; (1) tvSLay;jcif;? (2) oDvaqmuf wnfjcif;? (3) w&m;tm;xkwfjcif;? (4) &wem okH;yg;ESihf rdbq&morm;rsm;tm; ylaZmfjcif;? (5) &wemokH;yg;ESihf rdbq&morm;wkdY\ trI BuD; trIi,fukdjyKjcif;? (6) rdrd\aumif;rIukd trQay;a0jcif;? (7) olwpfyg;\aumif;rIukd om"kac:jcif;? (8) w&m;awmfukd em,ljcif;? (9) w&m;awmf u k d a[mMum;jcif ; ? (10) ajzmifhrwfpGm aumif;aomt,lukd,ljcif;? tuk o k d v f p d w f tukodkvfpdwf (12) yg;&Sd&m atmuf ygtwdkif; jzpfygonf/ avmbrlpdwf = 8 yg; (avmbOD;pD;aompdwf) a'gorlpdwf = 2 yg; (a'goOD;pD;aompdwf) arm[rlpdwf = 2 yg; (arm[OD;pD;aompdwf) aygif; = 12 yg; avmbrl p d w f (8) yg; 1/ raumif;rIwpfckukd tjypfr&Sd[k ,lqvsuf 0rf ; ajrmuf & T i f v ef ; pG m wk d u f w G e f ; rI r ygbJ jzpfaom pdwf/ 2/ raumif;rIwpfckukd tjypfr&Sd[k ,lqvsuf

tvSqkdwmrSm kyftvS pdwftvS [l ESpfrsKd;&Sdygonf/ vlwkdYonf kyftvSukd aeYpOfjyKjyifMuonf/ rdrdtdrfwGif jyKjyifkHESifh tm;r& tvSjyifqkdifrsm;okdYyif oGm;vsuf aiGukefaMu;uscHum jyKjyifvsuf&SdMuonf/ aqmif ; yg;wG i f pd w f t vS j yKjyif a &;ES i f h ywfouf wifjyoGm;ygrnf/ k y f t m; jyKjyif o nf u k d uRef a wmf t jypf rqk d v k d y g/ rvG e f u J z k d Y o m wif j yvk d y gonf / Ak ' j rwf p G m uyif v Qif wynhfom;oHCmrsm;tm; orPomkyjzpf atmif vltjrifwifhw,f atmif 0wfpm;zkdY qk H ; rawmf r l c J h y gonf / awmif N rKd U tr&yl & r[m*E m k H q &mawmf b k & m;BuD ; t&S i f Zeumbd0ouvnf; r[m*EmkH ausmif;wkuf H d \ pnf;urf;csuf (10) csufwGif t0wftpm; 0wfwwfzkdYu yr[k owfrSwfxm;onfukd awGU&ygonf/ kyftvSukd jyKjyifoifhovkd pdwftvS ukdvnf; jyKjyifzkdYvkdygonf/ pdwfonf yifukd,f tm;jzifh jzLazG;vSyygonf/ tukodkvfpdwf apwoduEihf 'kpkuw&m;rsm;aMumifh yifu,f f S d f dk tm;jzifh jzLazG;vSyaom pdwfrSm npfywfaya& vsuf tkyfqkd;tusnf;wefaejcif;jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumihf pdwfukd yifukd,ftm;jzifh jzLazG;vSy vmatmif ukodkvfpdwfapwodufESifh okpkduf w&m;rsm;jzihf tvSqifum yifukd,ftm;jzifh jzLazG;vSyaeaompdwudk tkyq;dk tusn;f wef f f apaom tukokdvfpdwfapwodufESifh 'kpkduf w&m;rsm;ukd a&Smif&Sm;MuzkdYvkdygonf/

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"r0D&onf avmuD avmukw&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/ umr*kPfwkdY rSm;,Gif; pGmusihfjcif;/ 2/ 0pD ' k p k d u f (4) yg; (1) rrSefaompum;ukd ajymqkdjcif;? (2)uke;f wkuajymqkjd cif;? (3) ki;f ki;f ysysajymqkfd d f d d jcif;? (4) tusKd;r&Sdaom pum;ukdajymqkdjcif;/ 3/ raem'k p k d u f (3) yg; (1) vkdcsifwyfrufjcif;? olwpfyg; pn;fpdrfukd rw&m;BuHpnfjcif;? (3) uH uH\ tusKd;ukd r,kHMunfjcif;/ uRefawmfwkdY\pdwfukd tvSjyifMu& atmifyg/ uRefawmfwkdY\pdwfwGif jzpfay:vm aom tukokdvfpdwf apwodufESihf 'kpdkuf w&m;rsm;ukd owdorZOfqifjcifwkHw&m;jzihf z,f&Sm;ypfNyD; uRefawmfwkdY\pdwfwGif ukokdvf pdwf apwodufESifh okpkdufw&m;rsm; jzpfay: aeatmif BuKd;pm;tm;xkwfjcif;jzihf uRefawmf wk d Y \ pd w f u k d awmuf y pif M u,f j zLazG ; vSyvmatmif uRefawmfwkdY tvSjyifMuygpkdY/ aus;Zl ; awmf & S i f r[m*E m k H q &mawmf bk&m;BuD; t&SifZeumbd0Ho\ tqkH;tr "r u Asm axmufrSefay:wGif? ukd,hftoGifukd qifjcifvkdbd? aeYpOfMunhfokdY rdrdoDv? qkdiforQukd aeYncyif;? vGefoefY&Sif; ysHUoif;arT;rI? tav;jyKvsuf okH;vlYxGwfxm;? jrwfbk&m;ESifh w&m;oHCm? t&d,m\ qkdif&m*kPfawmf? Pfay:atmif &TifaysmfIpm;? o'gyGm;rl rvm;tyg,f? w&m;u,frnf IzG,faxmifrSef tppfwnf;/ aus;Zl ; awmf & S i f csrf ; ajrUq&mawmf bk&m;BuD; t&SifZeumbd0Ho\ tqkH;tr "r u Asm oefY&Sif;Munfvif? aMu;rkHjyif0,f oifhoGifly? vSrvSukd aeYnra&G;? Munfhppfaq; ,ifacs;rSJYajymuf? 0ufNcHaygufESifh nif;ajymufwif;wdwf? zktusdwfukd aq;odyfz,f&Sm;? yrmvm;odkY jrwfzsm;Ak'? a[mTefjyonhf "rMunfvif? aMu;rkHjyif0,f oifhoGifre? pdwftvSukd aeYnra&G;? wifppfaq;avmh npfaMu;udav? awGUcJhayaomf ajcmufaxGenf;ESifh? aysmufapvGifhrS rvifhrMum? oihfcEmonf csrf;omzkH;vdrfh rSefpGmwnf;/ txufyguAsm (2) yk'wif pdwtvS f G f ukd jyifMu&ef aus;Zl;&Sif q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; (2) yg;u qkH;rxm;ygonf/ kyfrvSaomfvnf; pdwfvSolonf 'l;&if;oD;ESihfwl wefzkd;&Sdonf/ kyfvSaomf vnf; pdwfrvSolonf usD;tmoD;ESifhwl wefzkd;r&Sd/ kyfrvSaomfvnf; pdwfvSolonf tyg,fav;yg;rSvw edAmefuyif rsuarSmuf G f dk f jyKEkdif\/ kyfvSaomfvnf; pdwf rvSolonf edAmefudk tomxm;? tyg,f av;yg;rS xGuzyif f Ydk rvG,uay/ f l Munf v G i f

0rf;ajrmuf&ivef;pGm wkuwe;f ojzihf jzpfaom T f d f G pdwf/ 3/ raumif;rIwpfckukd tjypf&SdrSef;odvsuf 0rf ; ajrmuf & T i f v ef ; pG m wk d u f w G e f ; rI r ygbJ jzpfaompdwf/ 4/ raumif;rIwpfckukd tjypf&SdrSef;odvsuf 0rf;ajrmuf&ivef;pGm wkuwe;f ojzihf jzpfaom T f d f G pdwf/ 5/ raumif;rIwpfckukd tjypfr&Sd[k ,lqvsuf 0rf;om0rf;enf;rjzpfbJ wkdufwGef;rIrygbJ jzpfaompdwf/ 6/ raumif;rIwpfckukd tjypfr&Sd[k ,lqvsuf 0rf ; om0rf ; enf ; rjzpf b J wk d u f w G e f ; ojzif h jzpfaompdwf/ 7/ raumif;rIwpfckukd tjypf&SdrSef;odvsuf 0rf;om0rf;enf;rjzpfbJ wkdufwGef;rIrygbJ jzpfaompdwf/ 8/ raumif;rIwpfckukd tjypf&SdrSef;odvsuf 0rf ; om0rf ; enf ; rjzpf b J wk d u f w G e f ; ojzih f jzpfaompdwf/ a'gorl p d w f (2) yg; 1/ pdwqif;&Jjcif;ESiwuG trsua'goxGu f hf f f wkdufwGef;rIrygbJ jzpfaompdwf/ 2/ pdwqif;&Jjcif;ESiwuG trsua'goxGu f fh f f wkdufwGef;ojzihf jzpfaompdwf/ arm[rl p d w f (2) yg; 1/ 0rf;om0rf;enf;r&SdbJ 0Dpdudpm,SOfojzifh oHo,jzpfaompdwf/ 2/ 0rf;om0rf;enf;rjzpfbJ O'p,SOfojzihf ysHUvGifhaompdwf/ tuk o d k v f a pwod u f tukodkvfpdwfESifh ,SOfvsufjzpfay: aom tukovapwoduf (14) yg;rSm atmuf dk f ygtwkdif;jzpfygonf/ (1) rodrI? (2) raumif;rIjyK&rSm r&SufrI? (3) raumif;rIjyK&rSm raMumufrI? (4) ysHUvGifhrI? (5) wyfrufrI? (6) t,lrSm;rI? (7) axmifvTm;rI? (8) trsufxGufrI? (9) remvdkrI? (10) 0efwr?I (11) jyKcraom tukovf rjyKchJ dk hJ d kd rdaomukovtwGuf pdwEv;Hk rom,mrI? (12) kd f f S pdwfav;vHrI? (13) apwodufav;vHrI? (14) ,krm;rI/ H S 'k p k d u f w &m; (10) yg; tuk o k d v f (10) yg; raumif ; rI (10) yg; 1/ um,'k p k d u f (3) yg; (1) ol Y t ouf o wf j cif ; ? (2) ol w pf y g; yp n f ; rw&m;,l j cif ; ? (3)

vdIifMunfjzL"r0D&pmaywkdufESifh 'D*spfw,fpmMunfhwkdufrS jzefYcsdxkwfa0vkdufNyD

1/ "r0D&\ "roHpOfrsm; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESihf wuodkvfoQifoD&d) (Nidrf;csrf;OD;) ('kwd,tBudrf) (wuodkvfoQifoD&d) 4/ q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif\ pmayaumufEkwfcsufpmpk ("ry') (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESifh pkd;jrifhvwf) 5/ oEdokcokdY avScg;ckepfoG,f 6/ Ak',Ofaus;rI&wem 7/ olawmfaumif;wkdYtvSLay;enf; 8/ a*gyuESifh Ak'b@mawmf (wuokdvfoQifoD&d) t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY) t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY) (wuodkvfoQifoD&d) 2/ jzwfoef;csdefed'gef;ESihf yxrydkif;

3/ urmhvlom;rsm;ukd;uG,f&m bmomBuD;rsm;ESifh 0g't,ltqrsm;

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oDvtrsKd;rsKd;\ tusKd;tmedoif
armifqef;opf (bkduav;)
]]'geeJYoDvrSm 'geu aiGukefw,f/ oDvu aiGrukefbl;/ tusKd;&awmh oDvu tusKd;ydk&w,f/ vlawGu aiGukefwJhtvkyfukd yktm;oefMuw,f}} d [laom r[m*EmkHq&mawmfBuD;\ a[mazmfejf yqkq;Hk rrIudk Mum;emzl;Muayrnf/ T d [kwreygonf/ vltawmfrsm;rsm;onf 'getrI f S f ukd tvG,wuljyKjzpfMuaomfvnf; oDvapmifh f xdef;rIjyK&efukdum; 0efav;wwfMuonf/ oDv[lonfrSm apmifhxdef;aqmuf wnftyfaom usihf0wfjzpfayonf/ vlodrsm; aom oDvrsm;rSm ig;yg;oDvESifh ]]Oyko}f }oDv[k ac:onfh txl;wvnfapmifxe;f &aom &Spyg; h d f oDvwkdYjzpfonf/ vqef; 8-&uf? vjynhf? vqkwf 8 &uf? vuG,faeYrsm;onf txl; wvnf oDwif;oDvaqmufwnf&ef owfrSwf xm;aom&uf r sm;jzpf M uonf / ok d Y a omf xk d a eY r sm;wG i f Ak ' b mom0if w k d i f ; awmh oD v aqmuf w nf j zpf M urnf r[k w f y g/ xkdYaMumifh pavOD;yknu]]vltoufyyrm y'krmaexd? Y Hk ukefrMuma<u&dvkdY Zmwdy#doaE? 0#f'uoom0J k H wpfeJpDjzpfysuf omayG? aemif&dumygavatmif t|a*F oDvESi?hf wpfvav;&ufuG,f NrJygawmhr,f? <uif;ESpfq,fhajcmuf&uf0,f? ig;yg;uG,f oDvESihfav;/}} [laom oHa0*aw;xyfukd a&;pyfaphaqmfcJh onfxifygonf/ wu,fawmh Ak'bmom0if olawmf pif r sm;onf ig;yg;oD v ES i f h & S p f y g;oD v rsm; omru 0dok'dr*f? oDveda'owGif yg&Sdaom oDv\w&m;uk,?f oDvtrsK;d tpm;ESihf oDv\ d tusKd;rsm;ukd odxm;oihfayonf/ y#dor'gr*fygVdawmf ]]apwemonf d oDvrnf\/ apwemapwodufonf oDv rnf\/ apmihpnf;jcif;onf oDvrnf\/ rvGef f usL;jcif;onf oDvrnf\}} [k a[mawmfrlcJh ygonf/

ow 0 guk d o wf j cif ; ponf w k d Y r S a&S m if M uOf a omol \ uk o d k v f a pwemonf vnf;aumif;? usi0wfy#dywfudk jznhusiaom fh f fh ol \ uk o k d v f a pwemonf v nf ; aumif ; ? apwemoDvjzpfonf/ ow0gukd owfjcif; tp&S d o nf w k d Y r S a&S m if M uOf a omol \ a&S m if M uOf r I 0d & wD a pwod u f o k H ; yg;onf apwoduov jzpfonf/ apmihpnf;jcif;oH0& f D f 5 yg;wk d Y o nf vnf ; aumif ; ? raumif ; rI r S aMumuf w wf a om trsKd ; aumif ; om;wk d Y \ awGUBuKH&aom 'kpkduftrIrS a&SmifMuOfjcif; 0d&wDonfvnf;aumif; oH0&oDvjzpfonf/ oDvaqmufwnfxm; aom yk*Kdvf\ukd,f jzpf a om rvG e f u sL;jcif ; ? EI w f jzpf a om rvGefusL;jcif;[laom ukodkvf pdwKyg'fonf t0DwduroDvjzpfonf/ oDvtrsK;d tpm;rsm;ukjd yqk&m oDvy d ab'uxm oDvwkdYukd aygif;kH;a&wGufygu 'kuoDv 14 yg;? wduoDv 15 yg;? pwku oDv 16 yg;? yxryuoDv 5 yg;? 'kwd, yuoDv 235 yg;? pkpkaygif; 285 yg;&Sdonf/ oD v onf pd w f E S v k H ; Munf o m &T i f v ef ; apjcif ; tusKd ; &&S d a pygonf / xk d Y a Mumif h jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f u ]]cspf o m; tmeE m tjypf r &S d aumif ; aom oD v tusih f w k d Y o nf pdwfESvkH;Munfom &Tifvef;jcif;? pdwfESvkH; om,mcsrf ; ajrUjcif ; tusKd ; &S d u k e f \ /}} [k a[mawmf r l c J h y gonf / xkdYtjyif oDvonf avatmuf? avnm arT;BuKdifapaom eHYomjzpfykHukdvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu]]yef ; teH Y o nf avnmok d Y roG m ; a&muf E k d i f ? pE u l ; eH Y ? awmif Z vyf e H Y ? pH y ,f M uuf k H ; paom yef ; wk d Y \ teY H o nf

vnf; avnmodkY roGm;a&mufEdkif/ olawmf aumif ; wk d Y \ oD v *k P f w nf ; [l a om teH Y onf u m; avnmod k Y oG m ;a&muf E k d i f \ / olawmfaumif;onf (rdrd oDv*kPfteHYjzifh) t&yf q ,f r suf E S m vk H ; ok d Y owif ; BuKd i f B uKd i f ysHUESHUvIdif\}}[laom *gxmukd a[mawmfrl }} cJhonf/ jrwf p G m bk & m; aZw0ef a usmif ; aeawmfrlpOftcgu jzpfonf/ &SiftmeEonf ncsrf;tcg qdwfNidrf&m wpfyg;wnf;aexkdif pOf ]]tESpfeHYom? tyGifheHYom? tjrpfeHYom [l a om eH Y o mok H ; rsKd ; onf avatmuf o d k Y tpOfavQmuf arT;BuKdifap\/ avnmokdY wuf arT;BuKdif&ef rpGrf;Ekdif/ avatmuf avnmarT ; BuKd i f a om eH Y o mrsKd ; &S d a umif ; oavm}} [k BuHpnfqifjcif rdNyD; ukd,fwkdif rqk;H jzwfbJ bk&m;&Sixom; xktaMumif;ukd f H G d ar;avQmufcJhonf/ xkdtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u]]tmeE m tMuif o l o nf &wem okH;yg;ukd ukd;uG,fqnf;uyf\/ ig;yg;oDvukd NrJpGmaqmufwnf\/ wGefYwkdpdwfr&SdbJ ay;vSL avh&Sd\/ xkdolonf rnfonhft&yfaeonf jzpfap?xko\*kPaus;Zl;ukd t&yfq,frsuEm d l f f S aeMuonf h &[ef ; ? yk P m ;? vl e wf w k d Y u ajymMum;Muuk e f \ / avatmuf ? avnm pkeqefum wBuKiBf uKiviaom xkeomrsK;d u f d d f dI f d YH xkdokdYaom *kPfaus;Zl;ESihfjynhfpkHonfh olawmf aumif;aywnf;/}} [k rdefYawmfrlNyD; txufyg *gxmukd a[mawmfrlcJhjcif;jzpfaMumif; "ry' wGif yg&Sdavonf/ avmuwG i f twwf y nm&S d a omf vnf; tusihfoDvr&SdvQif tcsnf;ESD;omjzpf wwfonf/ oDvonf tjrwfq;Hk jzpfaMumif;ukd oDv0DrHoZmwfwGif awGU&onf/ pmrsuf E S m 34 ok d Y

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"r0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,f tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

jrwfAk'\tvkyftauR; t&SiftmeEm
jrifhodef;(armfuRef;)
,cif t ywf r S t quf

tcef; - 6
ed * H k ;
bk&m;&Sif\ zGm;zufawmfjzpfawmf rl a om t&S i f t meE m onf r[mou & mZf (148)ck yxro*Fg,emwifcsdef oufawmf &Spq,fjynhajrmufNy;D cJavNy/ o*Fg,emwifyJG f f h D Bu;D Ny;D onhaemuf ol\aemufq;kH tcseumv f d f trsm;pkudk rax&fBuD;rsm;\ wm0efay;csuf t& ol \ oD w if ; oH k ; azmf &[ef ; ysd K rsm;ud k oifMum;ydcsjcif;? a[majymrdeMYf um;jcif;? tm;ay; Yk wduwe;f jcif;wdjYk zihf ukeveapcJ[efwygonf/ k f G f G f h l wm0efudk ]]a&m[Ded}} jrpfurf;ay:&Sd &Gmi,f av;rsm;wGif aqmuf&Gufawmfrlygonf/
CHAPTER -6 Conclusion At the time of the First Great Council, 148 Great Era, the Ven. A nanda, born on the same day with the Buddha, was already, eighty years of age. He seemed to have spent most of his last years after the First Synod in teaching, preaching and encouraging his young colleagues, due to the assignment given by the elders. And his duty was carried out in the small villages on the bank of Rohini River.

consciousness of Khatthiya Class, although he had spent more than thirty years in the palace as a Sakyan prince. Owing to this temperament, all those people, man or woman, rich or poor, older or younger, of high or low caste, who saw him respected him and had clear faith in him.

wpfO;D taejzihf bk&m;&Sitm; (25) ESpwywfv;kH f f Ykd jyKpvkyauR;awmfronhtjyif trsm;oligtusKd ; k f l f udkvnf; onfydk;&GufaqmifawmfrlcJhNyD;? (2) ol o nf omoemjyKvk y f i ef ; tjzpf yxro*Fg,emwifyGJBuD;wGif ]0doZu} ]tmeEm} [laom trnfEivuavsm ("rtajzudk,fawmf) tjzpfjzihf wm0ef,lawmf S fh kd f nD a xG p G m yif ol E S i h f q d k v Qif vl t rsm;onf rlcJhygonf/ In all these portions of his life time ESpouf&ivef;0rf;ajrmufMu&onf/ ol\b0 f T f he yield the services for others and strived wpfoufwmumvudk t"dutydkif;av;ydkif; - for perpetuation of the Buddha's Sasana cGJjcm;Edkifygonf/(Dispensation). the famous ones of these (1) ESpfaygif;oHk;q,fhig;ESpfausmf works are:eef ; awmf x J r S m ? bk & m;&S i f \ zG m ;zuf a wmf ? (1) He waited upon the Buddha wpf0rf;uGJnDawmf? omuD0ifrif;om;wpfyg; as a personal attendant for twenty five years, and serving of others as well, and tjzpfjzihf? (2) He took the responsibility as (2) bk&m;&Sif\ yxraAm"dtcsdef Visajjaka (Answer of Dhamma) in First umvtwGif; aomwmyefyk*dKvf omref&[ef; Synod, as amissionary work. wpfyg;tjzpfjzihf? olonf ESpfaygif; (120) wdkifatmif (3) r[my&dedAmefumvwdkifatmif oufwrf;&Snawmfrygvsuf bk&m;&Sioufawmf f l f bk&m;&Sif\ tvkyftauR;wpfyg;tjzpfjzihfESihf? xif&m;&SpOfumvrSma&m? r[my&deAmefpawmf S d d H (4) r[my&deAmefumvvGeNf y;D aemuf rlNyD;onhfaemufydkif;rSmyg zvormywf0ifpm; d ydkif; &[Emwpfyg;tjzpfjzihf/ awmfr&ef tcGitcgodyNf y;D &awmfrrl&mygay/ l hf S According to his name 'A nanda', ol \ trsm;tusd K ;aqmif v k y f i ef ; rsm;ES i f h many were delighted with him. His life time omoemjyKvkyfief;rsm;aMumifhyifjzpfygonf/ can be divided into four main portions:(1) as a Sakyan prince who was a first cousin and was born on the same day with the Buddha for more than thirty five years in the palace, (2) as a common bhikkhu who was a Sotapanna during the First Bodhi period of the Buddha, (3) as a personal attendant of the Buddha up to the time of Mahaparinibbana, and (4) as an Arahant after Mahaparinibbana. He had not much apportunities to live in the Attainment of Fruition in the presence of the Buddha and also after the Mahaparinibbana although he lived for 120 years. It was because of his services for others and his missionary tasks.

olonf e,fajra'owGif ESpaygif; f av;q,fcefY oDwif;oH;k aexdiawmfrc &Gmol k f l hJ &Gmom;rsm;wGif ol\Oygoum? Oygodum r[kwfolwpfa,mufwpfavrQ rusef&Sdawmh aMumif; rSe;f qrSw,Eiygavonf/ taMumif; f l kd f rSm omuD0ifrif;om;wpfyg;tjzpfEifh eef;wGi;f S ESpfaygif;oHk;q,fausmfatmifaevmcJhNyD;aomf vnf;? cwd,EG,f0ifwdkY\tqifhtwef;cGJjcm; aom pdwf"mwf olYrSm&Sdawmfrrljcif;aMumihfyif/ pd w f a eoabmxm;aMumih f y if rnf o nf h a,musfm; rdef;r rqdk?qif;&Jcsrf;omra&G;? Bu;D i,fr[l? ZmwfjrihZmwferrcGjJ cm;bJ? zl;awGU f d hf vmMuolwdkif;u olYtm; dkaoav;pm;MuNyD; MunfnKd av;jrwfMuayonf/
He lived in this area for about forty, years and it can be presumed that there no one left among the villagers who were not his devotees. Because he had no

olb0wpfoufwmumv\ tyki;f Y d rsm;tm;vHk;wGif olonf trsm;tusdK;udkaqmif awmfrlcJhNyD;? Ak'omoemxm0&wnfwefYapa&; twGuf tm;oGefcGefpdkufBudK;yrf;awmfrlcJhyg\/ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;\ xif&Sm;aomvkyfief; rsm;rSm(1) olonf tvkyftauR;yk*dKvf

bk&m;&Sifoufawmfxif&Sm;&Sdawmfrl pOfumvrSm bk&m;&Sifaemufvkdufygae&ojzihf wpfae&mwnf;wGif MumMumraeEdicyg/ r[m k f hJ y&d e d A m ef p H v G e f a wmf r l N yD ; aemuf w G i f v nf ; wpfae&mwnf;wGif Mum&SnfoDwif;oHk;awmfrl onf? rrlonfudkajym&ef cufvSyg\/ odkYaomf a`EwdkYwGif rwnfNidrfr&ifhusufao;aomol \ wynhfrsm;ESifhtwl vSnhfvnfvmaeawmf rljcif;aMumifh t&Sir[muyu ajymqdk qH;k r f awmfrc&jcif;udk axmufq olonf &Hzef&cg l hJ H aemufvkdufaemufygrsm;ESihf vSnhfvnfaeonf

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"r0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/ [k aumufcsufqGJ,lEdkifygonf/
In the presence of the Buddha, he following the Buddha could not stay long at one place. After Mahaparinibbana, it is hard to say that he stay long at one place or he did not stay long. But it can be derived, due to the admonishment of Ven. Mahakassapa given to him because of his wandering together with his pupils who were unsteady in faculties that he occasionally wandered with his followers. Then Dasama, out of rejoicing, -offered alms-food to all monks in Vesali and -taliputta together with one robe to each. Pa But he offered three robes to the Ven. A nanda and he constructed a building at a cost of five hundred coins which he offered to A nanda. This was an outstanding example out of his services for others.

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ol\aemufq;kH ESpumvrsm; twGi;f ? f wpfaeYaomtcg? a0omvDteD;? a0VK0&GmBu;D oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrlpOf? rsdK;EG,fpktwGif;&Sd olaX;om;rsm;teuf tqihfwpfq,frSm&Sd ]'or} [k t rnf w G i f a vaom ] tw u } NrdKUom; olaX;wpfOD;olxHodkY a&muf&SdvmNyD; t&[wzdkvfudk &&Sd&ef rnfuJhodkY usihfBuH tm;xkwf&rnf udk ar;avQmufygavonf/ t&S i f t meE m u avmuD p smef r sm;&&S d y H k tqihfqihfESihf aemufqHk; edAmefudk&&SdyHk/ xdkYtjyif olonf tu,f 0dyemPfudk pGvrf;aecJygvQif tem*grd zdvuom &&SEiy?kH J h k f kd d dk f odkYaomfvnf; tu,f olonf pGJvrf;rI Oyg'gefrS vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; vGwfajrmufoGm; cJ h y gvQif &[E m tjzpf u d k &&S d E d k i f r nf j zpf aMumif;udk oltm;&Si;f vif;a[mMum; awmfryg Y l onf/
During his last years, one day -while he was in Veluva village near Vesali , a rich man called 'Dasama', a citizen of 'Atthaka' who was so called as he was in tenth position among the rich men of their clan, came to him and asked him how to practise to attain the Fruition of Arahatship. Ven. A nanda explained to him the step by step attainment of mundance Jhanas -na; and if he clung and finally the Nibba - Insight Knowledge (Vipassana ana) he . could only attain the Fruition of Non-returner; but if he were completely free from attachment he could attain Arahatship.

xdtcg 'oronf &Tivef;0rf;ajrmuf k f jcif;jzpfvsuf a0omvDESifh ygwvdykwfwdkYwGif &Saom &[ef;awmfrsm;tm;vH;k tm; wpfyg;vQif d ouFe;f wpfxnfpEitwl qGr;f qufuyfvLS 'gef; D S fh ygavonf/ t&SiftmeEmudkrlum; ouFef; oHk;xnfvSL'gef;NyD; aiG'*Fg;ig;&mwef ausmif; wpfaqmifaqmufvyvLS 'gef;ygonf/ onf k f rSm t&SitmeEm\trsm;tusKd ;aqmifvyief; f k f rsm;teufrS xif&m;ay:vGiaom Oyrmwpf&yf S f jzpfygayonf/

rnfqdkonhftay: ,ckrlwnfaeygonf/ xdkYaemuf tkyfpkESpfckvHk;udk rdefYMum;awmfrlonf rSm- ]]td- 'g,um? 'g,dumrtaygif;wd?Yk jrpf\ k wpfbufwpfcsufpDwGif aexdkifMuaom oifwdkY onf ihgtay: aus;Zl;rsm;pGmjyKNyD;cJhMuavNyD/ ighudk aus;Zl;rjyKzl;olqdk oifwdkYxJ wpfpHk wpfa,mufrQ r&Sdawmhygacs/ oifwdkYtkyfpk yxro*Fg,emwifyBJG u;D Ny;D aemufEpf ESpfckvHk;rS wpfpkcsif;onf udk,fhqdkif&mqdkif&m S av;q,fjynhajrmufavaomtcg t&SitmeEm bufurf;om twlwuG pkHk;aeMuygav/}} f f onf ouf a wmf w pf & mh E S p f q ,f & S d a vvQif On learning this news the Ven.A toufoabmw&m;udk xdef;odrf;xm;onfh nanda thought that both groups had done a`EpGrf;&nfudk jyefvnfoHk;oyfqifjcifawmf much benefit to him. If he were to pass rl&m touf&iwnfaeawmfr&ef ckepf&ufom away on one side of the river there would S f l usef&SdawmhaMumif; odjrifawmfrlygonf/ be strife between two groups. Then he would become the cause of the strife. If taMumif;udk wynftaygif;tm; rdeMYf um;awmf there be peace he would have to be the h rlvdkuf\/ a&m[deDjrpf (r[mor,okwfawmf cause of peace. It now depended on how [k trnfwGif&pfavaom bk&m;&Sif\ okwef he handled the matter. Then he said to both a'oemawmfBu;D tjyif aemufxyfowewpf&yf gorups: " O, male and female supporters, k f ESifh Zmwfawmfav;ckwdkYudk jzpfay:vmaponhf those of you who live on each side of the river have done me much benefit. There is omuD0ifrsm;ESihf aumvd,wdkYtMum; jrpfa&cGJ non of you who have not benefited me. a0rIESihfywfoufNyD; tjiif;yGm;rI\t&if;cH Let each of you two groups gather totaMumif;w&m;) \ jrpfurf;wpfbufwpfcsuf gether on your own side." xdkYaemuf ckepf&ufajrmufaeYwGif wGif aexkiMf uaom jynfotrsm;u owif; d l udk Mum;odMuavaomf jrpf\olwdkYESihfqdkif&m a&m[d e D j rpf \ tv,f a umif t xuf w G i f kd f l qdkif&mbufurf;om y&dedAmefpH0ifawmfrlap xuf0,fzUJG acGxiaeawmfrvsuf aumif;uif l Ykd vdkaMumif;jzihf olwdkY\qEudk xkwfazmfajymqdk wnfaeawmfrNl y;D jynfowtm; w&m;a'oem awmfwpf&yfukd a[mMum;awmfrygonf/ w&m; l Muygavonf/ D k On the fortieth year after the first a[mMum;jcif;Ny;qH;aomtcg? ol\"mwfawmf Synod, when he was 120 years of age, he arGawmfrsm;onf tnDtrQ ESpfpkcGJNyD; wpfpkpD reviewed his life maintaining faculty and rS m jrpf u rf ; wpf b uf w pf c suf p D a y:od k Y saw that he had only seven more days to usa&mufygap&ef t"d|mefjyKawmfrlygonf/ live. He told this fact to his pupils. When Yk G f kd d the people learned this news, those living xdaemufwif t&SitmeEmonf wefc;'yg'f wdkY &&Sdapjcif;\tajccHtaMumif;jzpfaom on either side of the River Rohini (the bone of contention between the Sakyans and awaZm"mwf (rD;"mwf? tyl"mwf) uodkPf;udk the Kolians concerning distribution of its 0ifpm;awmfrav&m ol\cEmud,rm rD;avmif l k f S water that led to the Buddha's discourse uRrf;oGm;ygavawmhonf/ xdktcgrSm t&Sif known as Mahasamaya Sutta and another Sutta plus four Jatakas proclaimed their tmeEmonf edAmefudk rsufarSmufjyK b0\ wish that he would pass into Parinibbana oJvGefprSeforQtm;vHk;\ tqHk;owfjcif;udk aqmif&uNf y;D y&deAmefjyKom;awmfrygavonf/ G d G l on their said of the river. f l owif;udk Mum;odawmfrlavvQif jrpfurf;ESpbufv;kH rS jynforsm;onf onf;xef t&SitmeEmpOf;pm;awmfronfrm? tkypEpck pGm idka<u;jrnfwrf;Muacsonf/ xdkolwdkY\ f l S f k S f vH;k onf oltay:wGif aus;Zl;rsm;pGmjyKcz;l av pdwfxdcdkufcHpm;rIkwfjcnf;aygufuGJjcif;onf Y hJ NyD/ tu,f jrpf\wpfbufurf;ay:wGif ajrNydKonhftvm; jrnf[nf;oGm;ygavawmh y&dedAmefjyKawmfrlcJhygvQif tkyfpkESpfcktwGif; onf/ Then on the seventh say he recdkuf&efa'gojzpfyGm;ayawmhrnf/ xdktcg ol mained aloft in the sky, sitting cross- legged onf y#dyu\tajccHtaMumif;&if; jzpf&acs above the middle of the River Rohini and awmhrnf/ tu,fom Nidrf;csrf;aeapygrl delivered a sermon to the people. At the olonf Nidrf;csrf;a&;\taMumif;&if; jzpfyg end of the discourse he made the will that avrnf/ udpudk olrnfodkYudk,fwG,fajz&Sif; his relics should be divided into two equal

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ rouf0ifr,HkMunfrIudk &Sif;vif;y,fazsmuf ypfNy;D MunfnKd o'gwd;k yGm;vmap&ef aqmif&uf G awmfrlcJhygayonf}} [k t"dym,foufa&muf aom uAsmwpfyk'fudk atmufygtwdkif; zGJUqdk xm;awmfrlygownf;]]0demo,wdto'?H o'H0awd omoae/ {0Harokw rdap0H? 0'Ha*gwr om0aum/}}
The great commentator, the Ven. Maha Buddhaghosa, in honour of the Ven. A nanda, composed a verse which means to the effect that the Ven. A nanda, the disciple of the Buddha of the Gotama clan, with the introductory word "Thus have I heard" relating thoroughly what he had heard from the Buddha and had borne in mind, got rid of unfaith and offered his service to increase the faith in the Buddha's Dispensation as follows:"Vinasayati asaddham, . Saddham vaddheti Sasane; .. . . Evam me suta miccevam, . Vadam Gotama Savako."
THE END

halves and one of them should fall onto each side of the river. He then entered into the Jhana of Tejodhatu (fire element) which is the basis of attaining supernormal power and his body went up in flames. Then he passed away realizing Nibbana and making an end of all traces of existence. People on both sides wailed wildly. The outburst of their emotion sounded as if the earth were crumbling.

onfrSmvnf; ol\trsm;tusdK; aqmif&GufrIrsm;xJu wpfckygay/ xdkYtjyif a&m[dejD rpfurf;wpfbufwpfcsupwif aexdif f D G k Muaom omuD0ifrsm;ESihf aumvd,wdkYtMum; tjiif;yGm;rIukd wm;qD;awmfrcaom ol\q&m l hJ ocif b k & m;&S i f \ ajc&mvrf ; pOf t wk d i f ; avQmufvSrf;awmfrlcJhjcif;jzpfyg\/ xdkYtjyif t&SitmeEmonf wpfO;D qdrS wpfO;D wnf;aom f k aumif;uif y&dedAmefpH0ifawmfrlonhf yk*dKvf jzpfawmfrlygonf/
This also was one of his services for others and it was also as stepping along his Master's foot print who avert the dispute between the Sakyans and Kolians living on either side of Rohini River. And he was one and only who passed away into Parinibbana in the sky.

usrf;ukd;- r[mAk'0ifusrf; pmrsuf E S m 31 rS Am&mPoDjynf jA['wfrif;BuD; xD;eef;pkd;pHpOfu bk&m;avmif;onf xkdrif;\ yka&m[dwfykPm;jzpfonf/ xkdyka&m[dwfonf uk,usiovaumif;rGe aA'ifo;Hk ykuvnf; d f fh D f H dk wwfajrmufojl zpfonf/ rif;Bu;D onf tjcm;ol rsm;xuf olYukd vGefpGmyif MunfnKdav;pm; onf/ wpfaeYwGif ykPm;BuD;u ]]rif;onf tjcm;olrsm;xuf ightm; ykdav;pm;jcif; &SdonfrSmtwwf ynmaMumifhavm? ukd,fusihf oDvaMumifhavm pkHprf;MunhfrSjzpfrnf}} [k pOf;pm;rdonf/ okdYjzpf wpfaeYaomtcg ykPm;BuD;onf eef;wGif;rS tjyefwGif rif;BuD; yef ; xd r f a wmf t d r f o d k Y 0if o nf / tjyef w G i f aiGtojymwpfusyfukd wdwfwqdwf ,lvm cJ h o nf / rif ; BuD ; \ yef ; xd r f a wmf 0 ef o nf ykPm;BuD;\vkyf&yfukd odaomfvnf; ykPm;\ *kPfodumukd av;pm;ojzihf rod[efaqmif aevkdufonf/ aemufaeYwGif tojymESpfusyf xyf,ljyefvnf; onf;cHNrJyif/ wwd,ajrmuf aeYwGif vufwpfckyfpm tojymukd aumuf,l aomtcg yef;xdrfawmf0efonf onf;rcHEkdif awmhbJ ykPm;BuD;tm; zrf;qD;um rif;xHodkY ac:aqmifvmcJhonf/ vrf;wGif tvrm,fq&mwpfpkudk

t&SiftmeEmonf vltrsm;csrf;om a&;twGuf ta&;w,l *kwpdu&awmfraom k f dS l yifu,Mf uifemwwfrEifh ukPmw&m;Bu;D rm; kd I S aom aMumifMh uw&m;wdjYk zihf Ak'bmom0ifw\ Ykd r[maus;Zl;&Siwpfyg;jzpfawmfrygonf/ bk&m; f l &Sif\ omoemawmfwGif t&SiftmeEm\ b0 jzpfpOfukd csefxm;cJh&efrjzpfEdkifovdk? tjyeft vSefyif t&SiftmeEm\b0jzpfpOfxJrS Ak'om oemudk csefxm;cJh&ef rjzpfEdkifyg/
He was a great benefactor of all Buddhists, with natural kindness and compassionate concern, who was solicitous for the welfare of others. It is impossible to leave out his life in Buddha's Dispensation which in turn could not be left behind in Ven. A nanda's life.

t|uxmq&mBuD;wpfqljzpfawmf rlaom t&Sir[mAk'aCmoonf t&SitmeEm f f tm; *kPjf yKvsuf ]a*gwrtEG,awmfA'b&m; f k k &Sif\ om0ujzpfawmfrlaom t&SiftmeEm onf}} odkY uREfkyfMum;emvkduf&ygonf}} [l aom ed'gef;pum;jzihf bk&m;&SifxHawmfrS Mum; emcJh&NyD; pdwfxJrSwfom;aqmifxm;onf (w&m;awmf) wdkYudk aphaphpyfpyf? wdwdusus jyefajymjyjcif;jzihf Ak'b&m;&Si\ omoemawmf k f

awGU&onf/ ykPm;u olwkdYtm; ]]tarmifwkdY a>rukdrupm;vifh? a>rukdufvQif oifwkdY onf toufukefjcif;odkY a&mufMu&avrnf}} [k qkdaomftcg tvrm,fq&mwkdYu]]ykPm; a>ronf igwkdYukdrukduf? a>ronf oDv&Sdonf[laomtrnfukd cH,l xm;\/ vlwwif oDv&Saomoljzpfygrl qkz,f Ydk G d d G r&S d a cs/ avmu oD v onf o mvQif jrwf\/ oDvxuf ykdjrwfaomw&m;onfr&Sd}} [k jyefajymMuonf/ rif;a&SUawmfarSmufodkY a&mufoGm; aomtcg rif;onf tojymck;d cJaom ykPm;Bu;D h tm; tjypfay;&ef trdeay;vkuonf/ xktcg Yf d f d ykPm;BuD;u]]rdrdonf ckd;olr[kwfyg/ Opm? trsKd; tEG,Eihf oDvwkwif rnfonft&mu jrifjh rwf f S Yd G h onf u k d od v k d pk H p rf ; jcif ; omjzpf y gonf / avmuwGif oDvonfom tjrwfqkH;jzpfyg onf/}} [k wifavQmufavonf/ xkdYaemuf ykPm;Bu;D onf rif;xHciawmif; &aoh&[ef; G hf jyKum [dr0EmokdY 0ifoGm;cJhavonf/ xkdYaMumifh avmuwGif tjrwfqkH;rSm oDvjzpfaMumif;ukd oDv0DroZmwfu rD;armif; H xk;d jycJayonf/oDvtrsK;d rsK;d \ tusK;d tmedoif h rsm;uvnf; rsm;jym;vS\/ oDvESifhjynhfpkHaom olonf1/ rarhravsmhjcif;[laom taMumif;aMumihf BuD;pGmaom pnf;prfOpmtpkudk &&SdEkdifonf/ 2/ aumif;aom*kPfowif; jyefYESHYausmfapm onf/ 3/ rif;? ykPm;? ol<u,f? &[ef;[laom y&dowf av;yg;okdY csOf;uyf&onf&Sdaomf raMumufr&GUH &J&if&ivef;aomrsuEmjzifh csO;f uyf0ifa&muf h T f f S &onf/ 4/ rdrdjyKcJhzl;aom aumif;rIwkdYukdom xifjrif vsuf rawGra0ao&onf/ 5/ aoNy;D aemuf aumif;rI&ow\ vm;a&muf dS l Ydk &mjzpfonhf ok*wdb0okdYom vm;a&muf& onf/ xkdYtjyif jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu oDv tusKd;ESihfpyf]]cspf o m;&[ef ; wk d Y oD w if ; ok H ; azmf w k d Y \ cspf c if M unf n Kd c H & ol ? tjrwf E k d ; cH & ol ? tav;tjrwf x m;cH & ol ? tcsD ; rG r f ; cH & ol j zpf y g&ap[k vk d v m; awmif h w jim; tHh? oDvwkdYomvQif tjynhftpkH jznhfusihf oljzpf&m\}} [k a[mawmfrlaomaMumifh oDvESijfh ynhpaom olonf rsm;pGmaomtusK;d f Hk

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

35

t"du uawmh t"du[m t"duygyJuG,f

rd;k aomufMu,f (zm;uef-wdi;f &if;aq;) Y k
zm;uefYNrKdUe,f? vkH;cif; ar"dum&mr ausmif;wkdufBuD;twGif;u jzpf&yfwpfckyg/ bkef;BuD;ausmif;&JU a0,sm0pawGukd jyKvkyfay; aewJh vlysKdBuD; uyd,armifuHaumif; wpf a,muf qD;a&m*g (qD;ausmufwnf) wm cHpm; ae&w,f / qD ; toG m ;tvmcuf ? qD ; yl N yD ; aerxd xkdifromygyJ/ 'umawmf uyd,armifuHaumif; cHpm;ae&wJa0'emukd q&mawmfu rMunh&uf h f Ekib;l / 'ghaMumifh vk;H cif;rSm&SwhJ wkue,faq;kH d f d d f aq;cef;awGrm ukapw,f/ roufomjyefygbl;/ S aemufNyD;awmh vkH;cif;rSmr&Ekdifawmh zm;uefY NrKd U ay:u txl ; uk a wG e J Y uk o apygw,f / aiGodef;*Pef;csDNyD;om ukefoGm;w,f/ 'gvnf; xl;rjcm;em;ygyJ/ aemufqkH;awmh jrpfBuD;em;? rE a v;rS m cG J p d y f N yD ; uk o zk d Y t BuH a y;wmeJ Y atmufykdif;ukdqif;zkdY jyif&ygawmhw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSmyJ vrf;ab;aebdef;pm; wpfOD;u q&mawmfOD;eaEmbmotm; ]]t&Sif bk&m;&JUuyd,qD;a&m*gtwGufawmh bmrS rcufyg? qyfoGm;zl;yifyig;yg;vkH;ukd okH;cGuf wpfcGufwifusKdNyD; wkdufygu aysmufygw,f bk&m;}} [k avQmufwifav\/ bdef;pm;BuD;\ tajymukd rnfolrQvufrcHcsifMu/ tav; rxm;Muyg/ ok d Y a omf v nf ; [k w f a omf & S d ? r[kwaomf&dS aysmufvQiawmh tjrwfy[aom f f J l tmedoifwkdYukd &&SdEkdifayrnf/ odkYaomf a&Tusifq&mawmfBuD;u]]qDrD;onf vif;ckduf vlv,fwifh\/ Nidrf;vQif arSmifanmfeHYxGuf\/ oDvonf apmifhxdef;cdkuf vlv,fwifh\/ ysufvQif arSmif anmfeHYxGuf\/}} [k rdefYawmfrlcJhzl;onf/ xkaMumifh Ak'bmom0ifwonf oDv Yd Ydk jynhfpkHjcif;\tusKd;wkdYukd od&efvkdtyfouJhodkY oDvysufpD;jcif;\ tjypfwdkYukdvnf; odxm;&ef vkdtyfygonf/ oDvysufaMumif;tjypfwkdYukd Ijrifqifjcifjcif;jzihfvnf; oDvpifMu,fEkdifyg onf/ rnfoyifjzpfap Ak'bmom0ifwi;f onf Ykd dk aiG r uk e f b J tusKd ; yk d r sm;aomoD v uk d ZGJtm;oefoefjzihf apmihfxdef;aqmufwnfoifh vSayonf/ / armif q ef ; opf (bk d u av;)

oabmjzih f qyf o G m ;zl ; yif u k d ck w f p if ; NyD ; usKd c suf u m a&aomuf o vd k aomufapavonf/ (3) &ufajrmufaeYwGif ausmufrsm; aMuuGJNyD; qD;oGm;wkdif; te,ftESpfrsm;ygvm avawmhonf/ qD;yljcif;? anmif;jcif;? qD;oGm; cufjcif;rsm; r&Sdawmhyg/ aq;kHaq;cef; txl;ukawGompkom;w,f? aiGoe;f q,f*Pef; H G d csND y;D omukeom;w,f/ aysmufr,faysmufawmh f G h vnf; bmr[kwfwmav;eJY aysmufoGmw,f[k ywf0ef;usifrSm ajymprSwfjyKMuw,f/ xk d t cg q&mawmf u ]]igh u y d , armifuHaumif;&JUtjzpfu EGm;xkd;BuD;NrKdUe,f? ql;jzLukef;&Gmu ausmif;trBuD; a':TefY&JU tjzpfeJY qifqifwlaeygayhgvm;uG,f}} [k rdefYMum;av \/ ]]xkdtaMumif;tus,fukd odyg&ap bk&m;}} [k OD;Zif;OD;Zmae,su avQmufxm;av onf/ ]]'DvuUJG vGecwhJ (15) ESpavmufu dk f hJ f ql ; jzLuk e f ; ar"d u m&mr pmoif w k d u f u k d tvnfa&mufwe;f uayhg/ 'umrBu;D a':Teudk k Yf awGUw,f/ bke;f Bu;D ra&mufcif &ufyi;f twGi;f Y dk rSmyJ a':TefY&JUtrsKd;om; ausmif;'g,umBuD; [m 0rf;awGavsmNy;D aoqk;H oGm;cJw,f a':GeYf h rSm aeYpOfeJYtrQ wikdikdeJY acwfopf ry#mpm&D vkdYajym&if &ygw,f/ aemufNyD; olrtNrJwrf; ,lusKH;r& jzpfNyD; xnhfxnfhidkwmu... wynhawmfr&JUvifaowmu wjcm; f oleYJrwlbl;bk&m;? 0rf;awG 'va[moGm;NyD; rcsrqefcpm;&Ny;D qk;H wm tjzpfu odyq;dk vGe;f d Y H f w,fbk&mh... tJ'pum;ukd awGUwJowi;f ukajymNy;D D h l dk d tNriaewmrkYd bke;f Bu;D tygt0if wjcm; w&m; J kd a[m"ruxduawG? q&mawmfawGtpkH wpfyg;

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

36

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DHAMMA V IRA ADVERTISING

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37

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

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TefMum;ay;vdkuf vlYXme/ ]okpdy&d0g&} olaX;qD OD;qHk;a&mufoGm; ]umVuPD}/ jrifvdkufonfESihf xdkolr olaX;rif;BuD;u oabmrus/ wGHU &Sifr b,f&yf&Gm? bmtaMumif;&Sd uREfkyfxHvm/ b,folb,f0g&JUorD;/ ajymjyapcsifownf;/ tdk olaX;BuD; tuRefYrSm r[m&mZfewfrif;orD;&wem oDvynm r&Sdyg/ Murf;wrf;&mrSm emrnfBuD; tMurf;wumhxyo;D / d f ,ckvmNyD;ajymjcif;rSm? toihfxHudk uREfkyftvnfvm/ toihfxHrSm tuRefYtm; aecGihfay;ygvm;/ pdwfxm;,kwfnHhMurf;cufrm? oDv ynmr&Sdyg/ tb,frSmvQiftoihftm; uREfkyfvufrcHEkdifwum;/ &Suftm;ydkpGmr,fumVD? aemufqkwfjyef<uoGm;avNyD/ od&DrnfewforD; olaX;BuD;xHjyefvmownf;/ olaX;BuD;u Munhfav&m? dkusKd;ESdrfhcsrmefuif;pGm? oDv ynm ajrmfjrifBuD;? cspfzG,fewforD;? olrudkvnf; ar;avyg? rif;b,ft&yfu bmaMumihfvm/ ynmoDvjynhfpHkNyD; od&DtrnfwGifownf;/ r[m&mZfewfrif;BuD; &Spfyg;\orD;/ jrifuwnf;u odaeyg? oDv ynm tvdrm/ odkYjzpfygrl olaX;BuD; od&DrnfwJh ewforD; oD;oefYae&may;avownf;/ ntdyfNyD;awmh rdk;aomufcg? pwkr[m&mZfewfjynfjyefoGm;yg/ ]te0wwf}tdkifrSm olwpfa,muf wnf;/ od&Drnfac: ewforD; OD;pGma&csKd;&avownf;/ /

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ twd w f \ yH k & d y f ,ck ]od&DumVuPDZmwfudk? tcg wpfyg; jrwfpGmbk&m;? aZw0efausmif;awmf oDwif;oHk;awmfrlpOf? temxydPfolaX;BuD;udk taMumif;jyK a[majymjcif;jzpfonf/ temxydPoaX;Bu;D onf aomwm f l yefjzpfonfrSp ig;yg;oDvudk rysufatmif apmihf\/ olomvQif xdkodkYjyKjcif;r[kwfbJ? if;\ tdrf&Sdvltm;vHk; aus;uReftapyg;wdkYudk yg rusef if;uJhodkYyifjzpfap\/ wpfaeYaomw&m;obifwGif &[ef; wdkYonf temxydPfolaX;BuD;\ oDv orm"d ynmtaMumif ; ud k ajymqd k a eMu&m jrwfpGmbk&m;<uvmNyD; temxydPfolaX;BuD; taMumif; &[ef;wdkYajymMum;aeMuaMumif;udk odojzihf &[ef;wdkYtm; &[ef;wdkY? ,cktcg om ynm&SdwdkYonf oDvpifMu,f pifMu,f aom ta`cGt&H&Sdonfr[kwf? a&S;ynm&SdwdkY onfvnf; odkYomvQifwnf;[l ,ckuJhodkY twdwfudk aqmifjcif;jzpf\/ a&S ; oa&mtcg Am&mPoD j ynf wGif jA['wfrif; rif;jyKpOf Ak'avmif;vsmonf olaX;Bu;D b0 jzpfwnfaeawmfronf/ olaX; l Bu;D onf oDvaqmufwnf w&m;bm0emudk tNrrjywf yGm;rsm;awmfronf/ xdoYkd jyKusi&m J l k fh if;wpfOD;wnf;om r[kwfbJ if;\ tdrf&Sd tdrom;tm;vH;k taptyg;rsm;tqH;k txd ig;yg; f oDvudk aqmufwnfaponf/ xdkolaX;BuD;\ trnfrSm ]okpdy&d0g&} [ljzpfonf/ xdkolaX; BuD;udk vltrsm;u MunfndKav;pm;Mu\/ wpfcgaomf olaX;BuD;onf odkYpOf;pm;rd\/ ig\xHodkY igYxuf oDvpifMu,fjrifhjrwfol wpf O D ; OD ; <ua&muf c J h y gu rnf o nf h a e&m ae&mcsxm;ay;&rnfenf;/ igYxuf oDvpif Mu,foljzpf igESihfwpfwef;pm;wnf; xm; ae&mcsroihf/ xdkodkYpOf;pm;NyD;vQif tu,f xdkyk*dKvfrsKd; vma&mufygu wnf;cdktdyfpuf &ef oD;oefYae&mwpfckudk tqifoihfjyifqifNyD; ay;xm;avonf/ 0dlyuewfrif; umVuPDtrnf &Sdaom orD;wpfyg;&Sd\/ aemufewfrif;wpfyg; jzpfaom pwk&|ewfrif;wGivnf; od&[aom f D l orD;awmfwpfyg;&Sd\/ xdkewforD;ESpfyg;onf ]te0wwf} a&tdioYkd a&csK;d oGm;Mu&m olt&if k f csKd;rnf? igt&ifcsKd;rnf[k tjiif;yGm;Muav onf/ xdjk yemonf ewfrif;Bu;D av;yg;xHoYkd wuf o G m ;&m if ; wd k Y v nf ; ra0cG J w wf ,if;jyemudk odMum;rif;xHtyfvdkuf&onf/ odMum;rif;vnf; rBuHwwf/ okdYaomf odMum; rif;onf vljY ynf&dS ]okpy&d0g&} olaX;udk owd& d vdkufonf/ xdkrif;onf tusihfoDvESihf jynfhpHk aomrif;jzpf if;wGif if;xufoDvpifMu,f olrsm;udk vufc&ef zefw;D ay;xm;aom oD;oefY H ae&m&Sdonfr[kwfoavm/ xdkYaMumihf vlYjynf odkY qif;NyD; ]okpdy&d0g&} xHewforD;ESpfyg;udk vTwfvdkufavonf/ umVuPDewforD;u vsif \ / ol u xd k o l a X;xH O D ; atmif ta&mufoGm;onf/ olaX;Bu;D onf umVuPewforD;udk D jrifvdkufHkrQjzihf oabmrus/ xdkYaMumifh oif b,f o l ? b,f u vm? bmtaMumif ; &S d [ l ewforD;tm; ar;vduonf/ ewforD;u olaX; k f BuD;udk if;rSm ewfjynf&Sd r[m&mZfewfrif;BuD; \ orD;wpfyg;jzpfaMumif; rdrdwGif oDvynm [l r&Sd/ rdrdrSm Murf;wrf;aomtrIudp emrnfBu;D Ny;D xdyo;D ewforD;wpfyg;jzpfaMumif; f oihxoYkd rdrtvnfvmjcif;jzpfaMumif;? tuReYf f H d tm; oif\ {nhfonftjzpf vufcHay;yg[k jyefvnf ajymMum;onf/ olaX;BuD;u jywfom;onf? oifuJh okdY pdwfxm;,kwfrm Murf;wrf;cufxefaom oDvynmr&Sdaom oludk vufcH&eftwGuf rdrd wGif ae&mr&SdaMumif;ajym xdkewforD;udk ESivwvuonf/ umVuPuvnf; &Su&uf f T f kd f D f S ESihfyif ewfjynfodkY jyefoGm;avonf/ rMumrD xdkolaX;BuD;xH aemufxyf ewforD;wpfyg;a&mufvmjyefygonf/ olu od&Drnfaom ewforD;wnf;? olaX;BuD;onf

39

xdkewforD;udkjrifvQifjrifcsif; ESpfouf oabm usom;onf/ xdewforD; rmefrmeuif;Ny;D oDv G k ynmBuD;rnfhtrlt&mudk jrifawGUae&onf/ odkYaomf olaX;BuD;rSm if;udkcsufcsif; vufrcH ao;bJ xH;k pHtwdi;f oluar;Munhonf/ b,f k Y kd f t&yfu bmaMumihf bmudpvmoenf;/ rnfol \ orD;enf;[kar;vduonf/ ewforD;uvnf; k f trSeftwdkif;ajzonf/ olonf r[m&mZfewf rif;BuD;wpfyg;\ orD;awmfwpfyg;jzpfaMumif; ynmoDvwdkYudk apmihfpnf;onfh od&Drnfaom ewforD;jzpfaMumif;udkajymjyygonf/ olaX;BuD;onf pjrifuwnf;u if; udk oDv ynm orm"d&Sdrnfholtjzpf ,lq owfrSwfNyD;jzpf xdkewforD;udk if;jyKvkyfpDrH xm;aom oD;oefYae&mcef;r em;aetdyfpuf cGihfjyKvkdufavonf/ od&DewforD;onf olaX; BuD; ]okpdy&d0g&} \ txl;{nhfonftjzpf olaX;rif;\ oD;oefYae&mwGif wpfntdyfpuf NyD;aemuf eHeufrdk;aomuftvif;a&mifvQif ewfjynfodkY jyefwufum ]te0wuf} a&tdkif olwpfO;D wnf;vGwvyfpm a&upm;awmfrav f G l onf/ Zmwfaygif;aomf ,ck ]Oyv0Pf} onf xd k t cgu od & D e wf o rD ; jzpf c J h N yD ; igbk&m;url xdkpOfu ]okpdy&d0g&} olaX;jzpf cJhavonf[k Zmwfaygif;awmfrlygonf/ aZmf a emif usrf ; ud k ; ig;&mh i g;q,f (od & D u VuP 0 w K ) anmif u ef q &mawmf

q&mawmf t&Siovmpm& f D (zm;uef) a&;om;aom Y Ak ' , Of a us;rI &wem pmtkyftm; vdIifMunfjzL pmaywkuf ESihf 'D*spw,f d f pmMunfwurS h dk f xkwfa0vkdufNyD;

5432109876543210987654321 5432109876543210987654321 5432109876543210987654321

THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

There is no excess of Mindfulness.

By Dhamma Vi-ra Thandar Aung , ITBM University, Yangon,

owdw&m;xuf omvGefaomt&monfr&Sd
" r 0D & - o Em atmif
Dhamma-Appamada Not being negligent in meritorious acts. Dhamma-Appamada means. Non-negligence of Merito rious/Good Deeds. Dhamma-Ten Bases of meritorious action. Appamada- Vigilance, earnestness, heedfulness, care fulness.

ty r ma'g trwH y'H ? yrma'g yp K aemy'H rarh r avsmh j cif ; onf aojcif ; uif ; &m\ taMumif ; jzpf ? arh a vsmh j cif ; onf aojcif ; \ taMumif ; jzpf a v\/
Heedfulness non-negligence is the way to Deathlessness; Heedlessness negiligence is the way to Death.

ty r ma'gp "ar o k "arok-aumif;rIukokdvfw&m;wdkY? tyrma'g-rarhravsmh jcif;/ aumif;rIukokdvfw&m;awGrSm rarhravsmhwmudk tyrm'vdkYac:yg w,f/ 'DtxJrSmygwJh ukodkvfw&m;awGqdkwmu t&yfoHk;pum;eJYajym &&if aumif;wJtvkyawGyjJ zpfygw,f/ rarhravsmjh cif; tyrm'qdwmu h f k trSwf&jcif;? atmufarhjcif;? wpfpHkwpfckaomtmHkudk tpOfrjywf odaejcif; pdwfyg0ifpm;aejcif;qdkwJh owdyJjzpfygw,f/

yrm'ES i h f tyrm' tyrm'vkdYac:wJh owdw&m;[m yrm'&JUqefYusifbufjzpfyg w,f/ 'gaMumihf tyrm'udk &Sif;jywJhae&mrSm yrm'uaepNyD; ajymjyzdkY vdkrSmjzpfygw,f/ yrm'qdwhJ ygVdy'ukd jrefrmvdk wduujf yefr,fq&if ]arhavsmh k k f k f kd kd jcif;} vdkY t"dyg,fxGufygw,f/ ]arhavsmhjcif;} qdkwmuvJ raumif;wJh tukokdvftvkyfawGrSm pdwfyg0ifpm;rI? aumi;fwJhukodkvftvkyfawGrSm awmh pdwfrygr0ifpm;rI&,fvkdY ESpfrsKd;&Sdygw,f/ t|uxmrSmawmh aumif;wJhukokdvftvkyfrSm pdwfr0ifpm;rIwpfckwnf;omjyygw,f/ 'gayr,fh raumif;wJhtvkyfrSm pdwfyg0ifpm;aew,fqdk&if aumif;wJh tvkyfrSm arhavsmhaygYq&ma&mufwJhtwGuf 'Dae&mrSm ESpfrsKd;pvHk;udk ajymjyvdkygw,f/ yrm'- arh a vsmh a ygY q rI olYtowfowfrI? olwpfyg; Opmudk cdk;0Sufvk,ufrI? rl;,pf aq;0g;aomufpm;oH;k pGr?I avmif;upm;rI? umrvdupm;rIpwJh raumif;wJh J k f tvkyfawGrSmom pdwfyg0ifpm;aerI? pdwfrSmtNrJpGJvef;aerIwdkYudk ]yrm'} aumif;wJhtvkyfrSm ]arhavsmhaygYqrI} vdkY qdk&ygr,f/ ay;urf;vSL'gef;rI? oDvapmihxe;f rI? rdrvyuiaqmif&uae f d d k f kd f G f wJh ukefpnfa&mif;0,frI? qefpyg;oD;ESHpdkufysKd;rI tp&SdwJh aumif;wJh tvkyfawGudk zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufatmif av;av;pm;pm; *kwpdkufrvkyfjcif;? tNrwrf;rSerervkyjf cif;? wGeqwjf cif;? vkyuiaqmif&uvwhJ pdwqE J f S f Yf k f kd f G f kd f r&Sjd cif;? rBuKd ;pm;jcif;pwmawGuvJ ]yrm'} vdYk qdwhJ aumif;wJtvkyrm kd k h f S arhavsmhaygYqrIjzpfw,fvdkYyJ qdk&rSmjzpfw,f/ ]yrm'} udk tusOf;csKyfNyD;ajym&&if? jrefrmbmomjzihf arhavsmh pmrsuf E S m 18 ok d Y