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Address
Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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qGJqkyfvkduf&m vIdif;\t&Sdef avS\t[kef aMumihf jrufyifrsm;uRwxuom;cJ\/ pdr;f vef; f G f G h aom jrufopfyifukd rEIwf? rckwf&[laom odumyk'ft& ygpdwftmywfoihfEkdifavonf/ ,if ; onf h t mywf o nf v[k u tmywfomjzpf &[ef;wpfyg;ESifh tcsif;csif; a'oemMum;vkuygu ajyaysmufEiaomfvnf; d f dk f a'oemMum; tmywfajz&ef &[ef;wpfyg;rQ rawGU&avcJhay/ xkdtcg tusihfoDv&Sd w&m; tm;xk w f a eaom yk * K d v f y if j zpf a omf v nf ; xkoifa&mufaomtmywfudk rajzazsmufEibJ d h dk f pdwfxJrSm wpf0JvnfvnfpGJ&if; ]ighrSm tmywf oifhaeNyD? tmywfvnf; rajz&? tjypf&awmh rSmyJ}} [lonfh ukupjzihf ysHvGefawmfrloGm;&m e*g;BuD;jzpfcJh&zl;avonf/ O'ponf pdwfawmifa&muf? ajrmuf a&mufysHUvGifhjcif;jzpf\/ pdwrNiroufjcif;aMumifh ysUH vGijhf cif; f d f O'pjzpf&m pdwfNidrf;csrf;rI&Sdatmif jyKrlaexkdif &rnfjzpfayonf/ orm"dvevQixerd'j zpfwwfonf/ G f f d 0D&d,vGefvQif O'pjzpfwwfonf/ (t&SiftmeEm om"u jyKEkdif\/) o'gvGefvQif (uRHvQif) wPSmjzpf wwfonf/ qGHUwwfonf/

FORE ARTICLES
"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ ynmvGefvQif nTefYwwf? uGefYwwf (txGefYwufwwf) avonf/ owdonfum; ykdonf? vGefonfr&Sd/ t&SiftmeEonf aeYrtm;? nrem; BuKd ; BuKd ; pm;pm; 0D & d , tm;BuD ; pG m w&m; tm;xkwfcJh&m 0D&d,vGefojzifh pdwfysHUvGifhrIO'pjzpfcJhzl;yg\/ 0D&d,ukd avsmhcsvkdufaom tcgusrS avsmif;pufrnf tjyK OD;acgif;ESifh anmifapmif; rxdrD wifyg;ESihfanmifapmif; tvG w f w G i f r*f z k d v f w &m;xl ; &&S d a wmf r l c J h avonf/ ]pdwrNir;f at;rI} aMumifh O'p ukuK p f d w&m;awG jzpfyGm;wwfykHukd t*kFw&edum,f? {uedygwf? eD0&Py[me0*f? pwkwokwfwGif Ak'bk&m;a[mMum;xm;awmfrl\/ ]]&[ef ; wk d Y ]pd w f r Nid r f ; csrf ; jcif ; } onf rjzpf a y:ao;aom O' p u k u K p u k d jzpf a pwwf \ / jzpf a y:vmaom O' p uk u K p u k d wk d ; yG m ;apwwf \ / xk d u J h o d k Y rjzpfay:ao;aom O'pukupukd jzpfay: ap jzpf a y:vmaom O' p u k d wk d ; yG m ; aponf h tjcm;wpf p k H w pf c k a om w&m; uk d r Q igbk & m;jrif a wmf r rl a y}} ]]okcdaem pdwH orm"d,wd}} ok c d a em- csrf ; ompG m w&m;"r tm;xk w f & aom yk * K d v f t m;? pd w H pdwfonf? orm"d ,wd- wnfMunfvG,f\ (0g) orm"d & vG , f \ / odYk ponfjzifh qkxm;ay&m w&m; d "rtvkyfukdyJ tm;xkwf? tm;xkwf/ avmuD udp vlrIb0a&;&mawGudkyJ jyKvkyf? jyKvkyf/ pdwNf ir;f at;rI&rS Ny;D ajrmufEiaMumif; xif&m; d dS dk f S ayonf/ odkYjzpfay&m rdrdwkdYonf um,okc ac: ukd,fcsrf;omrIawGxuf pdwokcac: pdwfcsrf;omrIukd &&Sdatmif BuKd;pm;aqmif&Guf oifhayaMumif; apwemaumif;jzifh a&;om; wifjytyfayownf;/ pdwy'd- pdwf\Nidrf;csrf;jcif;/ earmor m or K ' b' E Z ed E o m& (rk H & G m aeZm)

Ak'*wum D d
q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) vu P w , 0w K
Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0wdjynf aZw0efausmif;awmfaeawmfrlaomtcg tedpvuPmukd Iueaom &[ef;ig;&mwkudk k f Yd taMumif;jyK ]]oaA ocFg&m tedpm}} paom *gxmukd a[mawmfrlonf/ 'kuvuPmukd Iukefaom &[ef;ig;&mwkdYukd taMumif;jyK ]]oaA ocFg&m 'kum}} paom *gxmukd a[m awmfrlonf/ tewvuPmukd Iukefaom &[ef;ig;&mwkdYukd taMumif;jyK ]]oaA "rm tewm}} paom *gxmukd a[mawmfrlonf/ xkd&[ef;wkdYonf &[Emjzpfukef\/ oaA ocFg&m tedpmwd? ,'g ynm, ywd/ tx edAdEwd 'kau? {ora*g 0dok'd,m/ oaA ocFg&m 'kumwd? ,'g ynm, ywd/ tx edAdEwd 'kau? {ora*g 0dok'd,/ oaA "rm tewmwd? ,'g ynm, ywd/ tx edAdEwd 'kau? {ora*g 0dok'd,m/ jrefrmuAsm cEmig;0 tedpyif? ynmjzifhMunhf jrifonhfcsdefwGif? oHomjzpfavh NiD;aiGUPfpOf? edAmefokdY oGm;zkdYvrf;rSefyif/
''Transient are all compound things": when this one discerns with wisdom, then is one disgusted with Ill; this is the Path to Purity.

xrf;aqmif&aom) oHo&m0#fqif;&Judk Ni;D aiGU \/ odYk Ni;D aiGUjcif;onf udavompifMu,f edAmefodkYoGm;&ef vrf;jzpf\/ jref r muAsm cEmig;0 'kuylyif? ynmjzihfMunhf jrifonhfcsdefwGif? oHomjzpfavh NiD;aiGUPfpOf? edAmefodkY oGm;zkdYvrf;rSefyif/
"Sorrowful are all compound things": when this one discerns with wisdom, then is one disgusted with Ill;this is the Path to Purity.

pum;ajy/ / cyfodrf;ukefaom taMumif; w&m;av;yg;wkdYonf jyKjyiftyfukefaom cEm ig;yg; kyfemrfw&m;wdkYonf qif;&Jukef\[k tMuiftcg 0dyemPfynmjzifh ykdif;jcm; xifxif odjrif\/ xkdtcg xkdyk*Kdvfonf oHo&m0#fqif;&J NiD;aiGU\/ odkYNiD;aiGUjcif; onf udavompifMu,f edAmefoGm;&efvrf; jzpf \ / jref r muAsm cEm"r tewyif? ynmjzifhMunhf jrifonhfcsdefwGif? odomjzpfavh NiD;aiGUPfpOf? edAmefokdY a&mufzkdYvrf;rSefyif/
"Everything that is, is without self"; when this one discerns with wisdom, then is one disgusted with Ill; this is the Path to Purity.

pum;ajy/ / cyfodrf;ukefaom taMumif; w&m;av;yg;wkdYonf jyKjyiftyfukefaom cEm ig;yg; kyfemrfw&m;wdkYonf tNrJr&Sdukef[k tMuiftcg 0dyemPfynmjzihf cGJjcm; odjrif\/ xkdtcg (cEm0efukd tm;oGefBuKd;yrf;

pum;ajy/ / jzpfjzpforQaom t&m0wK wkdif;onf (0g) cEmig;yg; kyfemrftm;vkH;onf ]]toufvdyfjym yk*Kdvfow0g oligr[kwf wrk[kwfrQ rwnfMujim; teww&m;}} om wnf ; [k tMuif t cg 0d y emynmjzif h jrif \ / (od j rif \ ) xk d t cg cE m 0ef u k d tm;oGefBuKd;yrf; xrf;aqmif&jcif; 0#fqif;&J NiD;aiGU\/ odkYNiD;aiGUjcif;onf udavom pifMu,f edAmefoGm;&ef vrf;jzpf\/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

csrf;omqif;&J rNrJwJY avmu"H

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avmu"Hw&m;&Spfyg;xJrSm tqkd;qkH; aMumufp&mtaumif;qkH; vltrsm; rESpfouf qkH; avmu"Hw&m;wpfyg;uawmh qif;&Jjcif; avmu"H j zpf y gw,f / tJ ' D avmu"H w &m; eJ Y a wmh rquf q H c sif ? rawG U BuKH c sif b J e J Y u k d awGUBuKHqufqHaeMu&w,f/ bmjzpfvkdY 'Dvkd awGUBuKqufqH aeMu&wmvJqawmh tajzu H dk wpfckwnf;yg/ vlom;awGtm;vkH; ykxkZOfawG jzpfaeMuvkdYygyJ/ qif;&Jjcif;avmu"Hw&m;uvnf; ESpfrsKd;&Sdw,f/ wpfrsKd;u pdwfqif;&Jjcif;jzpfNyD; wpfrsKd;uawmh ukd,fqif;&Jjcif;ayhg/ pdwfqif;&J jcif;? ukd,fqif;&Jjcif; pwJhqif;&Jjcif;jzpfpOf awG u k d pm&if ; aumuf , l M unh f r ,f q k d & if taMumif;t&mrsKd; trsKd;rsKd;&Sdovkd tawmf vnf;rsm;ygvdrfhr,f/ udk,fqif;&Jjcif;qkd&mrSmyJ a&m*ga0'emrsm;pGJuyfjcif;? olwpfyg;kdufESuf ypf c wf c H & vk d Y uk d , f q if ; &J & jcif ; rsKd ; awG ? tat;tylrrQvkdY cHpm;&wJhqif;&Jjcif;rsm;eJY uk d , f x J r S m rcH o matmif cH p m;&jcif ; rsm;

rSeforQ[m ukd,fqif;&Jjcif;rsm;ygyJ/ pdwfqif;&Jjcif;eJYyufoufvkdYajym& r,fqkd&ifawmh pdwfysufp&m? pdwfnpfnL;p&m awGukdawG;NyD; pdwfnpf&wmawG? tylaomu wpfrsKd;rsKd;eJY awGUBuKH&vkdY pdwfnpf&wmawG? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;? tdrfaxmifa&;? tcspfa&;? om;a&;? orD;a&; pwJh taMumif;udptrsK;d rsK;d eJY pdwfnpfp&mu rsKd;pkHvkdYygyJ/ tJ'Dpdwfnpfp&m rsKd;pkHaMumihf pdwfqif;&JMu&wmayhg/ 'gayr,fh avmuvlom;rSeforQ[m pdwfcsrf;omp&mawGeJY awGUBuKHqufqHMu&rSm jzpf o vk d pd w f a &muk d , f y gqif ; &J & wmeJ Y uif;vGwfvkdY r&Ekdifygbl;/ touf&Sifaeoa&GU awG U BuKH q uf q H a eMu&rS m jzpf y gw,f / vltm;vkH;uawmh csrf;omjcif;eJYqif;&Jjcif; avmu"H w &m;ES p f y g;teuf csrf ; omjcif ; avmu"Hw&m;ukdyJ vkdvm;ESpfoufMuw,f/ qif;&Jjcif;avmu"Hw&m;ukdawmh i,faMumuf rsm;yrm aMumuf&GHUNyD; tvkdr&SdMuygbl;/ csr;f omjcif;avmu"Hw&m;eJY awGUBuKH

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

a*gwrAk'ESihf rif;wdkY\ avmuobm0"r jyemajz&Sif;enf;rsm; (1)

wu o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r m p&d , ? B.A) ukeveapNy;D aomf wpf&ufwnf;jzihyif ,lZem f G f f (30) &Sdaom c&D;udk ajcusif<uawmfrlcJhonf/ tavmif;awmfonf &mZN*Kd [Nf rKd UwGi;f odYk qGr;f cH0if&ef NrKd U\ta&SUwHcg;&yfpOf;pm; qifjcifonfrSm ]igonf tu,fAdrdom&rif;w&m; tm; rdrd&mZN*dK[fjynfokdY a&muf&SdvmaMumif; owif;pum;Mum;odapcJaomf Adrom&rif;Bu;D h d onf oka'g'erif;BuD;\ om;awmf od'w rif;om;onf igwdkYjynfodkYa&muf&SdvmNyD} [k tav;*kjyKum rsm;pGmaom ypnf;wdkYudk ig\ xHarSmufodkY ydkYa&mufayvdrfhrnf/ &[ef;jzpf aom igYtm; Adrdom&rif;taMumif;Mum;odap ypn;f av;wef cH,&efroih?f ,ckyif igonf l qGrf;cHvSnhfvnfrnf[k BuHpnfrdNyD; C#dum& jA[mrif;uyfvSLxm;aom yHhoulouFef;udk Hk awmfrlum ajroydwfudk vufudkifpGJ ta&SU wHcg;jzihf NrdKUwGif;odkY 0ifawmfrlavonf/ &mZN*Kd [Nf rKd U0,f bk&m;avmif; qGr;f cH r0ifrD a&SU(7)&ufu yGJvrf;obif BuD;pGm qif,if aysmf&TifMuNyD; ,ckbk&m;avmif; qGr;f cH0ifvm aomaeYum; Adrom&rif;w&m;u d jynfoljynfom;wdkYtm; yGJvrf;obifNyD;pD;NyD jzpfojzihf tvkyfcGif0if&ef pnfvnfapaom aeYjzpfonfhtavsmuf vlrsm;taygif;onf rif;&ifjyif pka0;a&muf&aeqJumvjzpfonf/ dS Adrdom&rif;onfvnf; tvkyfudp t00 pD r H c ef Y c G J t rd e f Y a y;&ef jcaoF h p H a om avom eef;jywif;udk zGihf Adkvfygy&dowfudk MunhfIvwfaomf tvGefNidrfoufaom a`E jzihf &mZN*dK[fNrdKUwGif;odkY qGrf;cH0ifvmaom bk&m;avmif;udk vSrf;jrifawmfrlonf/ &mZN*dK[fjynfoljynfom;taygif;wdkY uvnf; bk&m;avmif;\ avmum"dywd twk r&Sdaom tqif;awmfudk zl;ajrmfawGUjrifMu& onftcg"eygvtrnf&aom emVm*D&qifrif; h dS d &mZN*Kd [Nf rKd UwGi;f odYk 0ifonf&aomf NrKd UolNrKd Uom; dS taygif;wdkY vIyfvIyf&G&Gajymqdk ajcmufjcm; ouJhodkY &mZN*dK[fwpfNrdKUvHk; vIyfvIyf&G&Gajymqdk Muukefonf/ bk&m;tavmif;onf q'efqifrif; wifhw,fjcif;jzihf &mZN*dK[fNrdKUtwGif; tdrfpOf

,cif t ywf r S t quf Ok a 0vuy? e'D u ywd k Y arsmvduaom &aohw\ y&du&mwdu wynhf k f Ykd Yk y&d o wf ( 200)ES i h f t wl a eaom nD i ,f *,muy&aohjrifvQif nDvwf e'D uy enf;wl &aohESpfyg;udk OD;pGmpHkprf;&ef vTwfNyD; rdrdESihfy&dowfu aemufuvdkufavonf/ tudkBuD; tudkvwfrsm;ESihfawGU &[ef;tjzpfudk ar;avQmufonfhtudkBuD;u &[ef;tjzpf jrwfaMumif;ajymMum;aomtcg rdrwvnf; ygvmaom &aohtoH;k taqmifwYkd d Ykd udk ae&&mjrpfwGif;okdYarsmMuNyD; Ak'xHoGm; Muum &Sif&[ef;tjzpfudk awmif;yefMuonf/ Ak'uvnf; *,muy tygt0if &aoh(200)udk {[dbuK ac: &Si&[ef;jyKay; d f vdkufavonf/ Ak'onf Oka0vawmtkyf &aoh nD a emif w pf a xmif t m; acscRwf NyD ; aomf *,m&Gm\teD; *,moDo(qifOD;uif;ESihfwl aom) ausmufzsm&Sd&mt&yfodkY &[ef;(1000) ESihftwl <uawmfrl oDwif;oHk;aexdkifonf/ &aohwpfaxmifwdkYonf rD;ylaZmfzl; Muolrsm;jzpf 'Gg&ajcmufyg;? tmHkajcmufyg;? 0dnmPfajcmufyg;? zajcmufyg; zyp ,m a0'em"gwf w pf q ,h f & S p f y g; w&m; tvHk;pHkudk &m*rD;? a'gorD;? arm[rD;? ZmwdrD;? Z&mrD;? r&PrD;? aomurD;? y&da'0rD;? 'kurD;?

a'grerD ; ? Oyg,morD ; ? wpf q ,h f wpfyg;aom rD;wdkYtoD;oD; awmufavmif aeyH k u d k t us,f T e f j yxm;aom tm'd w y&d,m, okwefudk xdk&[ef;wpfaxmiftm; a[mMum;oih f o nf [ k pOf ; pm;qif j cif N yD ; xdoweukd tus,a[mMum; awmfravonf/ k k f f l xdkokwefw&m;awmf\ tqHk;0,f &[ef;wpfaxmifwdkYonf r*fPfav;yg;udk tpOftwdkif;a&muf&SdMuum tmoa0gw&m; ukefcrf; &[EmjzpfMuavonf/ xd&[ef;wpfaxmifw\ pdwwonf k Ykd f Ykd wPSm? 'd|dwdkYjzihf wpfpHkwpf&mudkrQaemufxyf ig? igYOpm [k pGJ,lrItvsif;uif;jywfNyD;vQif rjzpf a om csKyf j cif ; jzih f csKyf N id r f ; Muaom tmoa0gw&m; wd k Y r S &S i f ; &S i f ; vG w f a jrmuf Muavonf/ avmu\ obm0ES i h f w&m;\ obm0&&SdrI cHpm;rIwdkYonf tHhzG,ftwd jzpfyg awmhonf/ a*gwrAk ' & mZN*d K [f N rd K Uod k Y &[ef ; wpfaxmifNcH&Hvsuf <ua&mufjcif;onfvnf; twdwfutaMumif;w&m;&SdcJh <ua&mufjcif; jzpfygonf/ twd w f t aMumif ; um; Ak'tavmif;awmfonf &[ef;jyKNyD; aomf tEkyD,rnfaom o&ufawm (7) &uf ywfvHk; &[ef;b0csrf;omjzihf tcsdefwdkYudk

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/ av;a,muf\ pum;udk y,fjrpf ]olum; vjynhf0ef;vnf;r[kwf? umrewfvnf;r[kwf? rsufpdwpfaxmiftjrif aqmifaom odMum;rif;vnf;r[kw?f jA[mrif; vnf ; r[k w f ? pif p pf ol u m; avmu oHk;yg;\ a&SUoGm;acgif;aqmif q&mwpfql jzpfawmfrlaom tvGeftHhMozG,faumif;ol vlxl;vlrSL;wpfOD;jzpfacsonf} [k ajymqdkav onf/ odkY&mZN*dK[fjynfom;taygif;wdkY tcsif;csif; olwpfrsKd; igwpfzHkajymqdkaeMuukef pOfyif rif;csif;a,musfm;wdkYonf rif;BuD;xHodkY oGm;a&mufMuNyD;vQif ]t&Sifrif;BuD; txufrdk;&yfu ewf rif;avavm? *EAewfavavm odr[kwf e*g; Yk rif;avavm? bDv;l avavm rnfo[ cGjJ cm; l l ajymqdkjcif;iSm rodEkdifol tHhMozG,fvlwpf a,mufonf uREywYkd &mZN*Kd [Nf rKd UwGi;f qGr;f cH kf f vSnhfvnfaeygonf} [k avQmufxm;ajymqdk Muukefonf/ Ad r d o m&rif ; BuD ; onf xd k o l w d k Y \ pum;ukd Mum;awmfrlNyD;jymom'ftxufjyif &yfawmfrl&if;uyif bk&m;tavmif;udk MunhfI zl;jrif&ojzihf tHhzG,fo&Jrjzpfpzl; xl;uJaom pdwfjzpfawmfrlum rif;csif;a,musfm;trwfudk ]tcsi;f wdYk oGm;MunhMf uukef xdtz,f k hH G aumif;aomoludk aocsmaphik MunhfIpHkprf;cJh Muukef? xdkolonf tu,f bDvl;jzpfvQif NrdKUjyifodkY ta&mufuG,faysmufvdrfhrnf? e*g; rif;jzpfvQif ajrtwGif;odkY ikyfvQdK;uG,faysmuf oGm;vdrhfrnf? vlom;ppfppfjzpfvQif rdrd&aom qG r f ; ud k wpf a e&m pm;oH k ; vd r f h r nf } [k rdefYMum;ajymqdk pHkprf;cdkif;vdkufavonf/ bk&m;tavmif;onf Nidrfoufaom a`E Nidrfoufaom pdwf&Sdawmfrlonfjzpf av;awmifcef;rQudkom MunhfvsufteD? tjzL? taMumiftMum;? tMurf;? tEka&m `yGrf;aom rdu qGr;f udk rQwHom cHawmfrNl y;D vQif NrKd Uol k NrdKUom;wdkYudk ]NrdKUokdY qdkufa&mufvmMuaom &[ef;wdkYonf tb,ft&yf aeprSwf jyKMu oenf;} [kar;jref;onf/ ]y@0awmif x d y f ta&S U buf o d k Y rsufESmrlaeaom *l00,f NrdKUodkY qdkufa&muf vmMuaom &[ef;rsm; aeprSwfjyKMuygonf} [k ajymMum;ay;Muonf/ tavmif;awmfonf xdpum;udk rSwf k NyD; ta&SUNrdKUwHcg;rS xGuf xdkawmifxdyf&Sd *l oDwif;oHk; qGrf;cH&vmaom qGrf;wdkYudk bkOf; ay;oHk;aqmif&ef tm;xkwfpDrHavonf/ rMumrD&uftwGif;u pMurif;pnf; pdrfrQ BuD;us,fcrf;em;vSygaom rif;pnf;pdrfudk cHpm;oHk;aqmifcJh ,cktvGefw&m Murf;wrf; tEktMurf;a&m a&mifrsKd;pHk a&m`yGrf;aom qGrf; udk bkOf;ay;awmfrl&ef tm;xkwfpDrH cHwGif; awmfwGif;odkY oGif;rnfhtjyKwGif xdkqGrf;rsKd;udk a&S;tcgu jrifHkrQ rjrifzl;ojzihf txl;ojzihf puf q k y f & G H & S m &um; tavmif ; awmf \ tl tonf ; wd k Y r S m ajymif ; jyef v suf ysKd U tef xGufrnfavmuf qif;&Ja&mufawmfrlonf/ ]tavmif;awmf od'w oifonf pm;zG,f? aomufzG,f? tomwMunf&vG,f vsuf oH;k ESpcsKUd aom eHomoav; qef;xrif;udk f Y txl;xl; tjym;jym; rsm;jrwfaom t&omwdkY jzihf tvdkawmf&Sdwdkif; oHk;aqmifpm;aomuf&m a&Teef;awmf xD;eef;tkyfcsKyf rif;jyKvkyfcJhol jzpfvsufvnf; yHhoulaqmif &[ef;wpfyg;udk jrif&ojzihf igonfvnf; &[ef;twl &[ef; jyKNyD;vQif tdrfpOftwdkif; vSnhfvnf qGrf;cH um &orQaomqGr;f udk tb,ftcgrQ pm;&rnf enf; xdoqr;f cHpm;&tHaomtcgonf igonf k Ykd G h tb,ftcgrSm jzpfvwHhenf;[k BuHpnfvsuf awmxGuf &[ef;jyKcJhNyD; r[kwfygavm? ,ck rdrdtBuHatmifjrifNyD;ajrmufonfh tcsdefodkY a&mufawmhrStb,faMumihf odkY azmufjyef jcif; trIudk oifjyKbdoenf;} [k rdrd udk,fudk rdrdyif qHk;rawmfrlum Murf;wrf;aom qGrf;udk pwifbkOf;ay;avonf/ Adrdom&rif;BuD;u pHkprf;vTwfvdkuf aomrif;csif;trwf a,musfm;oHk;a,mufwdkY onf bk & m;tavmif ; awmf \ xH y g;od k Y uyfa&mufvmaom tavmif;awmf\ tjcif; t&mtvH;k pHukd pHprf;MuNy;D aemuf ESpa,mufu k k f bk&m;tavmif; ywf0ef;usif aecJhNyD; wpf a,mufu rif;Bu;D xHoom;a&muf owif;ydajym Ykd G Yk Mum;Muavonf/ Adrdom&rif;BuD;onf wrefpum;udk Mum;Ny;D aemufyi;f tcseukd rqdi;f apbJ rGejf rwf kd d f k aom ,Of&xm;jzihf tavmif;awmf&Sd&m y@0 awmifodkY xGufcJh ,mOfjzifhoGm;Ekdifoavmuf oG m ;NyD ; vQif ,mOf r S q if ; ouf u m ajcusif c&D;jzihf tavmif;awmf&Sd&m *lodkYvmonf/
(quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

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usrf;ukd;/ r[mAk'0ifusrf; rif;uGe;f wdy#u"& d q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf avmuD avmukw&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

ynmtvif;a&mif xGef;ajymifap&ef (7)

t&S i f ' d u mbd 0 H o (t* r [my@d w )
,m0ZD 0 r d ap Amavm? y@d w H y,d k y gowd / e aom "rH 0dZmemwd? 'A d ol y &oH ,xm/ ]]vlzsif; vlt vlEkH vle vlnHh vlrkduf onf toufxufq;Hk wpfoufv;Hk ynm&Soudk d l rS0qnf;uyfaeygaomfvn;f ynm&SEitwlae D J d S fh &ygaomfvnf; [if;ukarT&aoma,mufronf d [if;\t&omukdrodovkd vlzsif; vlt vlEkH vle vlnhH vlrkdufonf w&m;ukd vkH;0xifxif rodjrif/}} jrwf p G m bk & m;onf om0w d j ynf aZw0efausmif;awmf oDwif;ok;H aeawmfrpOf l tcgu t&S i f O 'g,D u k d taMumif ; jyK txuf y g *gxmawmf w&m;awmf u k d rdefYMum;awmfrlonf/ t&SifO'g,Donf aZw0efausmif; wkdufxJ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifukd,fawmfjrwfESifh twlwl wpf a usmif ; xnf ; wpf w k d u f w nf ; oD w if ; ok H ; aeaom &[ef ; jzpf o nf / aZw0ef ausmif ; wk d u f a wmf jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f o nf aeYrtm; nrem; w&m;a[mawmfrlonf/ rSefygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf qGrf;cH<u jyef v maomf ajcaq;awmf r l o nf / ajcuk d ajcaq;tif;ysOfawmfay: &yfawmfrlvsuf &[ef ; awmf r sm;tm; 'k v b ig;jzm w&m; a'oemawmfukd aeYwkdif;aeYwkdif; a[mawmf rlonf/ aeY 12 em&DcefY acwrQ em;aeNyD;aomf tNrJae &[ef;awmfrsm;ESifh &yfa0;rS bk&m;zl; vma&mufMuaom &[ef;awmfrsm;tm; odoihf od x k d u f a om w&m;awmf r sm;uk d rd e f Y M um; awmfrlonf/ nae csrf;ESifh nOfhOD;,Htcg 'g,um 'g,d u mr taygif ; tm; w&m; a[mMum;awmfrlonf/ oef;acgif,Htcsdef tar;ykpm jyemukd ar; avQmuf&efjzpfap? w&m;em,l & ef j zpf a p? vma&muf z l ; ajrmf M u ukefaom ewf jA[mwkdYtm; w&m;ESifhpyf ajzMum;awmfrlonf? rdefYawmfrlonf/ oduvkd aZw0efausmif;awmf aeYn Yk toHrpJ w&m;yGrsm;&Sygaomfvnf; t&SiO'g,D J d f onf w&m;ukd rSwrwom;om; em,lavhr&Syg/ f S f d

t&SiO'g,Dacgif;xJrm w&m;tod bmrQr&Syg/ f S d jrwfpmbk&m;vufxufawmfu &[ef;awmfrsm; G onf w&m;a[m&m w&m;jy&m w&m;em,l&m w&m;aqG;aEG;&mjzpfaom "robif pka0; w&m;a[mMuonf? w&m;jyMuonf? w&m;em ,lMuonf? w&m;aqG;aEG;Muonf/ jrwfpGm bk & m;onf "r o bif o k d Y <uawmf r l v m &[ef;awmfrsm; tcsif;csif; aqG;aEG;ajymqkd onhf taMumif;t&mudk ar;awmfronf/ ,if; l aqG ; aEG ; ajymqk d o nf h taMumif ; t&muk d ar;awmfrlonf/ ,if; aqG;aEG;ajymqkdonhf taMumif ; t&mES i f h p yf a om w&m;awmf u k d a[mMum;awmfrlavh&Sd onf/ wpfaeYaomtcsdeftcg0,f "robif tcrf;tem;NyD;qkH; ax&fBuD; 0gBuD; oHCmawmfBuD;rsm; rdrdwkdY\ ausmif; aqmif toD;oD;okYd jyef<uoGm;Muonf/ xktcg d t&S i f O 'g,D o nf "r o bif o k d Y o G m ; w&m;a[myv i f a wmf a y: xk d i f a eonf / tjcm; tjcm;aomNrKd U &G m wk d Y r S aZw0ef ausmif;awmfodkY bk&m;zl;vmMuaom tm*EK &[ef ; awmf w k d Y o nf jrwf p G m bk & m;tm; zl;ajrmfMuonf/ aZw0efausmif;wkduf twGif;

vS n f h v nf M unf h I M uonf / "r o bif o k d Y a&mufaomtcg w&m;a[myvifawmfay: xkdifaeaom t&SifO'g,Dukd &Sdckd;OD;cs *g0&jyK Muonf / 'D o H C mawmf B uD ; onf A[k o k w <u,f0aom tMum;tjrifrsm;aom w&m;tod tjrif&Sdaom oHCmawmfBuD;jzpfvdrfhrnf[k awG;rdMuonf? ,lqrdMuonf/ xkdYaMumifh t&SifO'g,Dtm; cEm? tm,we? "mwftp &S d o nf w k d Y E S i f h pyf a om w&m;taMumif ; uk d ar;jref;avQmufxm;Muonf/ t&SifO'g,Donf tm*EK&[ef;awmf rsm;ar;aom lyuEm? a0'emuEm? onmuEm ocFg&uEm 0dnmPuEm[laom cEmig;yg; wkdY\ okyfrQukdyif trnfrQudkyif rodyg? rajzwwfyg? xktwl tm,we wpfq,fEpyg;? Yd h S f "mwf wpfq,fh&Spfyg;wkdYukdvnf; vkH;0rodyg? vkH;0 rajzwwfyg/ kyf 28 yg;onf lyuEm rnf\/ a0'emapwod u f o nf a0' emuEm rnf\/ onmapwodufonf onmuEm rnf\/ a0'emonmrS<uif;aom apwoduf ig;q,fonf ocFg&uEm rnf\/ pdwfwpfck ,kwfukd;q,f (0g) 89

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

10

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DHAMMA DEW
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THUGHT ABOUT THE DHAMMA

12

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DHAMMA VIRA ADVERTISE

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15

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qk j ynf h p k H v d I i f ukodkvf tukodkvfjyK&m aZmckepfcsufjzpf&m? yxraZm apwemonf yxrb0 tusdK;ay;\/ owraZmapwemonf 'kwd, o0tusKd ;ay;\/ tv,faZmig;csuapwemonf wwd,b0rS &[Em f jzpfonhfwdkifatmif ig;b0tusdK;ay;\[laomp;um; aZmapwem ,lyHkrSm? tvGefyifrSwfom;p&maumif;ojzihf? "r0D&rmru w&m;cspfcif olawmfpifwdkYtm; "rvufaqmifa&;om;wifjytyfygonf/ ynm&S d o l a wmf a umif ; BuD ; rsm; rd e f Y q d k a wmf r l c suf um,uH? 0pDuH? remuHwnf;[laom uHoHk;yg;wdkY\apwem udk aumuf,&m? aZm0g&udvnf;aumif;? y0wtusKd ;? y#doaEtusKd ; l k d udkvnf;aumif; a0zefaumufMu&rnf[k ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;BuD; rsm; rdefYqdkawmfrlygonf/ aZm0g&qd k o nf r S m aZm0g&qdkonfrSm? ukodkvfodkYr[kwf tukodkvfudkjyK&m? aZmckepfcsuf wpfpOfwpfwef;udk aZm0Dxdwpfck? aZmckepfcsufwpfBudrf pmudk aZm0g&wpfck[k ac:qdkygonf/ y0w d u sd K ;ud k jzpf a paomapwemud k aumuf a omtcg aZm0g& wpf c k t wG i f ; ? aZmck e pf c suf apwemck e pf c suf p vH k ; ud k aumuf&rnf jzpfygonf/ xdkapwemckepfcsufpvHk;onf y0wdtusdK;udk jzpfapEdkif aomaMumifhjzpfygonf/ y#doaEtusdK;udkjzpfapaomapwemudk aumufaomtcg y0wdusdK;udkjzpfapaom apwemudkaumufovdk aumufr&ay/ aZm 0g&wpfcktwGif;? y#doaEudkjzpfapaom apwemonf wpfcsufom yg&SdaomaMumifhjzpfygonf/ pH E I e f ; Oya'o owraZmapwemudkaumufvQif? tv,faZmapwemudk raumuf&/ tv,faZmapwemudaumufvQivnf;? owraZmapwem k f udk raumuf&ay/ aZm0g&wpfck y#doaEjzpfapaom aZmapwem wpfcsuf[laom pHEIef;Oya'oudk rSwf,lyg/ 'geuk o d k v f w pf c k apwemaumuf , l y H k ,if;tcsufudkxif&Sm;ap&efrSm? 'geukodkvfwpfck OyyZa0 'ed,uH? ty&my&d,a0'eD,twGuf apwemaumuf,yukd jyqdygrnf/ l kH k 'geukodkvfudkjyKaomtcg (1) ykAapwem/ (2) rkapwem? (3) ty&apwem[l oHk;rsdK;&Sdonf/ ay;vSLaeqJcP jzpfaom apwemonf rkapwemrnf\/ if;\a&SUtzdkYjzpfaomapwemonf ykAapwemrnf\/ aemuftzdkYjzpfaomapwemonf ty&apwem rnf\/ rk t cgonf u m;? OyyZ a 0'ed , uH \ e,f y ,f j zpf \ / xdkYaMumihf rkapwemckepfcsufwGif owraZmapwemwpfcsufudkom aumuf? if;onf OyyZa0'ed,uHjzpf\/ ykAty&tcgwdum;? ty&my&d,uH\e,fwnf;/ xdtcgwd Yk k Yk aZm0g&rsm;pGmwGif? tv,faZmapwemig;csufwdkYrS wpfcsufwpfcsuf aom aZmapwemudkaumuf/ xdkapwempkonf ty&my&d,uHrnf\/ aZm0g&wpfckrS 'kwd,wpfcsuf? aZm0g&wpfckrS wwd,wpfcsuf ponf jzihf pkaygif;pyf,laomtcg tv,faZmig;csuf[k qdkavonf/ aZmaumuf , l y H k o m"ursm; xk d o d k Y a umuf & m om"uum;? t*k F w d & f t |uxmES i h f aumovoH,kwft|uxmwdkYjzpf\/ t*FkwdK&ft|uxm y0wd? y#d oaEtusdK;ESpfcsufa&m,Suf omrntm;jzihf apwemaumuf,lyHkudk jyqdkonf/ (u) {uZ0e0Dxd,H ow okpdawok? ukovm0g tuk rod ovm0g? yxrZ0eapwem? 'd|"ra0'eD, urHemr? wHrod H a,0? tw b ma0 0d y guH a 'wd / (c) tw o m"d u mye ow r Z0eapwem? OyyZ a 0'eD , ur H e mr/ wH t eE a & tw bma0 0d y guH a 'wd / (*) ObdEH tEa&ye yZ0eapwem? ty&my&d,urH emr? wH t em*aw ,'gMuumoH v bwd ? w'g 0d y guH a'wd ? owd oH o m&y0w d , m? ta[mod u r H e mr ea[mwd / (tH? 3? |? 'ktkyf? 104^5) oH o &mrqH k ; ao;oa&G U ta[mod u H r jzpf E d k i f y H k aZm0DxdwpfcktwGif;? ukodkvftukodkvf yxraZmapwem onf 'd|"ra0'eD,uHrnf\/ if;uHonf yxrb0 tusdK;ay;\/ ukodkvftukodkvftrIudpNyD;pD;xajrmufapaom owraZmapwem onf OyyZa0'eD,uHrnf\/ if;uHonf 'kwd,b0 tusdK;ay;\/ tv,fjzpfaom aZmapwemig;csufonf ty&my&d,uHrnf\/ if; uHonf tem*wfb0oHo&m tusdK;ay;cGihf&aomtcg tusdK;ay;\/ oHo&mrqHk;ao;oa&GU ta[moduHrjzpfEdkif[kqdkvdk\/ omrn aumufyHkudk rSwf,l&efjzpfygonf/ y#d o aE t usd K ;tm;jzih f apwemaumuf r l y H k y#d o aE t usd K ;tm;jzih f a0zef apwemaumuf y H k u d k aumovoH,kwft|uxm atmufyguJhodkYjyqdkonf/ ,Hacgaom r[m&mZ ao|d*[ywd? w*&odcd H yapu or K ' H ? yd@ygawe y#dyga'od? wur0dygaue owu wHK? ok * wd H o* a vmuH OyyZ d wa0? ur 0d y gum0 aoaoe? rd ma,0 om0w d , m ow u w H K ? ao|d w H uma&od / (oH? yg? aumov? ytkyf? 92^3) ewf c k e pf B ud r f ? ol a X;ck e pf B ud r f j zpf & yH k oH,wygVdawmfjzih?f tykwuolaX;avmif; ayg&Pola|; k f onf? w*&odcDyapu yapuAk'gtm; qGrf;wpfBudrfvSLaomaMumifh? pmrsuf E S m 17 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

16
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tEkavmrIaxmifht& yyrsufpdjzihf b0udk Munfhaom tcg b0ES i f h y wf o uf jrif a omtjrif [ l o rQ tm;vH k ; onf 0dZmtay:tajcwnfonfcsnf; jzpf\/ y#davmrIaxmifht& r*if rsufpdjzihf b0ukdMunhfaomtcg b0ESifhywfouf jriforQ tjrif tm;vH k ; onf t0d Z m tay:tajcwnf o nf c snf ; jzpf y g\/ t0dZmtay: tajcwnfvQif ,if;tjriftay: t0dZm\ owvr;f rk;d aeonf rSm txl;azmfjyp&mrvdk atmif rSeuefaomtrSef jzpf\/ d T f t0dZm[lonfrSm odtyfonfudkrod/ rodtyfonfudkodaomoabm jzpfonf[lvnf;qkd\/ xdkYtjyif 'eusrf;rsm; t0dZm[lonf ]twod HwAK'd}xdk[mr[kwfonf xdk[m[lodjcif;rsKd;jzpfonf[k vnf;qkdyg\/ xdkYtjyif t0dZm owEprsK;d &Sonf [lvnf; qdyg\/ d S f d k xdkowd ESpfrsKd;wGif wpfrsKd;aomowdrSm 0dauyowdjzpf tjcm; wpfrsK;d aomowrm tm0&Powd jzpf\/ d S 0dauyowd[lonfrSm ]azmfxkwf} aomowdjzpf\/ tm0&P ow[onfrm ]zH;k uG,}f aomowjd zpf\/ xdaMumifh t0dZmonf b0ESihf d l S Yk ywfoufvmvQif ]azmf}vnf; azmf\/ ]zH;k }vnf;zH;k \/ odYk vQif t0dZmonf owEprsK;d jzifh vkyief;ESprsK;d udk vky\/ azmfaom0dauy owt& t0dZmonf dSf f f f d t"rukd "rjzpfatmifvy\/ r[kwukd t[kwjf zpfatmifvy\/ trSm;udk k f f k f trSejf zpf atmifvy\/ tjyeftvSetm;jzifh t0dZmonf "rukd t"r k f f jzpfatmifvkyf\/ t[kwfudkr[kwjf zpfatmif vky\/ trSeukd trSm; f f jzpfatmifvy\/ zH;k aom tm0&Powt& t0dZm onf "rukd "rtwdi;f k f d k rod &avatmifz;kH \/ t"rukd t"rtwki;f rod&avatmif zH;k \/ d t[kwukd t[kwf twdi;f rod&avatmif zH;k \/ xktjyif trSeuvnf; f k Yd f kd trSeftwkdif; rod&avatmifzHk;\/ trSm;udkvnf; trSm;twkdif; rod&avatmif zH;k \/ t0dZm\ owd ESprsK;d pGr;f tm;aMumifh vlonf rdru,wiu f d kd f kd f t"rudkvkyf aeygvsuf "rjzpfatmif azmfxkwf ajymqdk\/ t"r vkyaerSe;f rod&avatmif zH;k uG,\/ r[kwvyaeygvsuf t[kwf f f f k f jzpfatmif azmf xkwajymqd\/ r[kwvyf aerSe;f rod&avatmif f k f k zH;k uG,\/ trSm;vkyaeygvsuf trSejf zpfatmifazmfxw ajymqd\/ f f k f k trSm;vkyaerSe;f rod&avatmif zH;k uG,\/ f f tEkavmrIaxmifh t& b0udk yyrsupjd zihf Munhowi;f \ f f l kd oEmef owEprsK;d wd\ pGr;f aqmifrrsm;udk azmfjyygtwdi;f awGU d S f Yk I k &onfcsn;f jzpf\/ rdru,wiu ol,wrmtusiukd usiaeygvsuf d dk f dk f k f hf fh olawmfaumif; jzpfoa,mif yg;pyfu pmay usr;f *efrsm;udk atmfBu;D [pf us,f &Gwq\/ rdr\tusK;d pD;yGm;udk vkyaeygvsuf yg;pyfu trsm;\ f kd d f tusKd; pD;yGm;udkaqmifaeygonf [lvnf;aumif;? trsKd; bmom omoemtwGuf vkyaeygonf[ vnf;aumif; xkwfazmfajymqdk\/ f l odjYk zpf& onfrm t0dZmaMumifyif jzpf\/ S h t0dZm\ zdtm;ay;rIaMumihf ol,wrmu ol ,kwrmrSe;f k f f rodEkdifatmif zHk;uG,f\/ olawmfaumif; jzpfoa,mif azmfxkwf\/ tw[worm;u tw[worm;rSe;f rodEiatmif zH;k uG,\/ y&[dw d d dk f f orm;jzpfoa,mifazmfxw\/ ok&mwGif avmu b0udk yy rsupjd zihf k f Yd f Munh f w wf o l r sm;u trsm;pk j zpf a v&m xd k x d k y k * d K vf w d k Y \ oE m ef t0dZmtay:pD;&cdu ajymolrsm;uvnf; azmfjyygtwdi;f ajymMuovdk k f k Mum;olrsm;uvnf; Mum;wki;f ,HMk unfwwfMuyg\/ d trSetm;jzifh t0dZm[lonf wu,fwrf; cdirmaom w&m; f k f

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/ jzpf\/ yxrrsKd;rSm okwPf jzpf\/ 'kwd,rsKd;rSm tEkrdwPf jzpf \ / wwd , rsKd ; rS m op d u wPf j zpf \ / Pf oHkH;rsKd;rSm o ynm&SifwdkY\ tqdktrdefYt& azmfjyjcif;jzpf\/ t& okwPfjzihf b0udkoHk;oyfvQif avmu txufwef; ususaeEkdifa&; omy"me? ypnf;Opmcsrf;oma&;om y"me? &mxl; BuD;BuD;&&Sda&;om y"me[ljrif\/ xdktjriftwkdif;tm;xkwf\/ tEk r d w Pf j zih f b 0ud k oH k ; oyf v Qif avmu pmay usrf;*ef wwfajrmufa&;om y"me? aMumif;usKd;qifjcifEkdifaom ynm&Sdjzpfa&;om y"me[ljrif\/ xdktjriftwkdif; tm;xkwf\/ opduwPfjzihf b0udkoHk; oyfaomtcgavmu udk,fusihfodum aumif;rGefa&;om y"me[ljrif\/ xdktjriftwdkif; tm;xkwf\/ trSeftm;jzifh PfoHk;rsKd; wdkYwGif opduwPfonfom vQif y"mejzpf \ / op d u wPf & S d o l r sm;onf o m yp n f ; Opmrsm;udkjzpfap? &mxl;BuD;rsm;udkjzpfap? todynm ESifhtwwf ynmrsm;udk jzpfap? rdrd tusK;d pD;yGm;xuf avmu\ tusK;d pD;yGm;udk OD ; pm;ay; toH k ; cswwf \ / op d u wPf r &S d v Qif ynm b,f a vmuf y if & S d a pumrl t&m&mwd k i f ; trsm;\tusKd ; ud k ta,mif jyNyD ; rd r d \ tusKd ; ud k O D ; pm;ay;aqmif & G u f w wf a om ]tw [ d w } orm;rsm;omjzpf a v\/ yg&rD o abmt& ]tw [ d w } orm;rsm;onf vl Y b 0ud k xdkufxdkufwefwef &olr[kwfbJ ]y&[dw}orm; onfom vlYb0udk xkuxuf wefwef&oljzpf\/ xkaMumifh vlb0udk xduxuwefwef d f kd Yd Y k f kd f &aom vl w pf a ,muf j zpf v mEk d i f a p&ef y#d a vmr I a xmif h t & avmuudk r*ifrsufpdjzifh Munhfwwfatmif BudK;yrf;tyfyg\/ OD ; a&T a tmif pmrsuf E S m 15 rS ewfjynf ckepfBudrf? om0wdNrdKU olaX;ckepfBudrfjzpf&onf[k jyqdk \/ ygVdawmf qGrf;'geukodkvfwpfckaMumihf vlewfy#doaE (14) Budrf jzpfonf[laom pum;twGuf oHo,jzpfzG,f&Sd\/ ,if;udk t|uxmu atmufyguJhodkY ajz&Sif;jyqdk\/ (u) yk A y p d r apwem0aoe apw t aw m a0'd w aA m / qGr;f vSLcduapwemwpfcsu?f ykAty&apwemwpfq,fo;kH csuf k f h aygif;apwem 14-csufaMumifh vl? ewfy#doaE 14 Budrfjzpf&onf/ (c) {uyd @ ygw 'geod H O d ? {um0apwem? a'G y #d o aE a ,m e a'wd vSL'gef;qJ rkapwemwpfcsufu 14 b0rqdkxm;bd? ESpfb0 y#doaEEpcuyif ray;Edi/ wpfb0y#doaEwpfcsuom ay;Edionf/ S f k kd k f f k f xdkvSL'gef;qJ rktcdkuf aZmapwemckepfcsuf&Sdaomfvnf; {um0 apwem[kqaomaMumif?h y#doaEujkd zpfapEdiaom owraZmapwem kd k f wpfcsufonfom y#doaEjzpfapEdkifonf/ tv,faZmapwemawG y#doaErjzpfapEdkifMu[k jyqdkonf/ aZm0g&wpfck y#doaEudk jzpfap Ed k i f a om apwemwpf c suf o mygonf / xd k a pwemwpf c suf u d k o m aumuf[kqdkvdkonf/ (*) yk A y p d r apwem[d y aeo? ow u w H K oa* ow u w H K ao|d u k a v ed A a w m / (oH? |? ytkyf? 148)

17

rkapwem (owraZmapwem) aMumifh? 'kwd,b0 ewf jzpfonf/ ykAapwem ty&apwemydkif; aZm0g& (13) wGif yg0ifaom tv,faZmapwem (13) csufaMumifh <uif;aomewf? vl (olaX;) b0 y#doaE (13) ckjzpf&onf[k jyqdkonf/ aygif; vlewfy#doaE (14) ck jzpfonf/ t|uxm y#doaEusdK;jzihf aZmapwemaumuf,l&yHk udk jyqdkonf/ um; 'd|"ra0'eD,? OyyZa0'eD,? ty&my&d, a0'eD,uHwdkY aZmapwemaumuf,lyHkjzpfygonf/ oN*K[f#Dum? oN*K[ftaumufusrf;? oN*K[foHcdyfusrf;wdkY? apwemjyqdkyHkrSmvnf;? ,if;t|uxmwdkYudk rSDjirf;? 0daooteuf twGi;f ikwaomomrnenf;jzihf vG,upmrSw,EiMf u&ef? omrnyif f f l G f l kd okyfxkwfaqmif jyMuukef\/ 'd|"r OyyZm ty&m&d? ta[mod? &SdonhfuHav;jzm/ rsuf a rS m uf b 0? tusd K ;&? 'd | aZmOD ; om/ jcm;rJ h b 0? tusd K ;&? OyaZmqH k ; om/ y&Hr& terw*f tqufquf0,f? tusdK;<u,f? tv,f aZmig;jzm/ uH ta[mod ? usd K ;r&S d ? Bwd a pwem/ (y&rwoHcdyfusrf;) rd k i f ; cd k i f q &mawmf b k & m;BuD ; \ aumuf , l y H k r S w f c suf rdi;f cdiq&mawmfb&m;Bu;D \ wdy#u 0dep,usr;f ? 'kw,wGJ k k f k d d d pmrsufESm 241? ykAypdrapwem0aoe? a&SUapwem aemufapwem wdkY\ tpGrf;jzihf? (0g) ykAapwem? rkapwemwdkY\tpGrf;jzihf[k? ypdr apwemudk rkapwem[k teufjyefqdk\/ tykwuolaX;avmif; ayg&mPolaX;\qGrf;tvSL? ykA apwem rkapwemom&S\/ ty&apwemr&S[k ,lq ,if;odqjkd cif; d d Yk jzpfonf/ 'wGmypm0dy#om&Da[mwd[aom ygVdawmfjzih?f ty&apwem d l vH;k 0rjzpf[k jyonf[? ,if;odteufa,mZemjcif;jzpfonf/ oifh roifh l Yk pOf;pm;Mu&efvdkonf/ olaX;\ tvSL'ge odkY,loihfao;\/ {uEvSL&ef pdwful;aomoltm; apcdkif;qJcPudk rkapwem[kqdkoihf\/ xdkYaMumihf xdkolaX;onf xdkyapuAk'gudkjrifaomtcg vSLvdkaompdwfjzpf\/ ykA apwemjzpfaomtcgaywnf;/ cdkif;pJcP rkapemjzpf\/ ckdif;apNyD; aemuf yapuAk'g ESijfh yefvnfrawGUrDtwGi;f ty&apwemjzpfci&onf/ G fh dS xdaMumihf xdoaX;\ tvSL'gewGif ykAapwemenf;enf;? ty&apwem Yk k l enf;enf;jzpfonf[k rSwf,loihf\/ xdkYaMumihf ykAypdrapwem 0aoe [k t|uxmqdkonf[k ,loihfonf/ yapuAk'qGrf;cHtjyefESihfawGUaomtcgusrS ESvHk;rom,mrI vGefuJ ty&apwemjywfpJoGm;onf[k ,loihfonf/ jywfpJoGm;jcif; udk ygVdawmf? 'wGmypm0dy#dom&Da[mwd[k a[mawmfrljcif;jzpf&m\/ xdk0dy#dom&DaMumifh? aumif;aom0wKudk roHk;aqmifvdkjcif;? roHk;aqmif&jcif;tusdK;ay;onf[k rSwf,l&rnf/ odkY,laomf ykAypdr apwemt&? ykAty&apwemudkyif ,l&rnf/ ty&apwemenf;enf; jzpfNyD;rS jyqdkcJhonhftwdkif; 0dy#dom&jzpfonf[k EdIif;EdIif;qq rSwf,l oihfonf[k xifayonf[l rdkif;cdkifwdyd#u 0dedp,wGif azmfjyonfudk rSwfom;&ayonf/ qk j ynf h p k H v d I i f

TERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

18
aemuf a usmzk H ; rS

"r0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

The liar will have to suffer in the four miserable realms, apaya, at the time of his death. If he wear to be reborn in the human world he will be afflicted with the following: (1) poor enunciation, (2) Uneven teeth, (3) foul breath (halitoses), (4) unhealthy complexion, (5) poor eyesight and hearing, (6) defective personal appearance, (7) lack of influence on others, (8) harshness of speech, and (9) a flippant mind.

- man other than her husband is sexual misconduct. kamesumicchacara, which is, indeed, a heinous crime. The wages of committing sexual misconduct are(1) being reborn in the four miserable existences, apaya; (2) being reborn as a woman or as a sexunal pervert; (3) having to face enemies; (4) being hated by many; (5) having difficulty in obtaining the three basic needs of food, clothing and shelter. (6) having difficulty in getting a good might's rest; (7) having a bed temper; (8) inability to acquire Supramundance knowledge; (9) dissolution of wealth and property; (10) inability to gain others conridence; (11) meeting with danger; (12) being doubted by others; (13) having to stay apart from loved ones; (14) dying young; and (15) having to suffer great hardship.

4/ rk o m0g'- r[k w f r rS e f vd r f v nf a jymqd k j cif ; EIwfjzihfjzpfap? pmjzihfjzpfap? udk,fvufvIyfjyjzpfap? ol wpfyg;tusdK;ysufpD;atmif r[kwfrrSefvdrfnmvQif rkom0g'jzpfonf/ olwpfyg;tusdK;pD;yGm;tenf;i,fysufpD;vQif tjypfi,f\/ rsm;pGmysufpD;vQif tjypfBuD;\/ 1/ r[k w f r rS e f a om pum;jzpf j cif ; / 2/ vd r f n mvd k a om apwem&S d j cif ; / 3/ vd r f n m ajymqd k j cif ; / 4/ ajymrnh f t "d y m ,f u d k ol w pf y g;uod j cif ; / if;t*Fg (4) yg;ESinu uHajrmufonf/ aovQif tyg,fb hf D kH qif;&JpGm cH&rnf/ wzefvm vljzpfaomfrS atmufygqdk;usdK;rsm;udk cHpm;&rnfjzpfonf/ (1) pum;ryDojcif;/ (2) oGm;rnDGwfjcif;/ (3) cHwGif;ykyfnDjcif;/ (4) tom;ta& rGJajcmufjcif;/ (5) rsufpd? em;? rMunfvifjcif;/ (6) kyftqif;csdKUwJhjcif;/ (7) MoZmtmPmrwnfjcif;/ (8) EIwf? vQm ajymqdkrIMurf;wrf;jcif;/ (9) pdwfrwnf vQyfay:avmfvnfjcif;/
- 4. Musavada, Falsehood. Untruth; telling lies. Telling lies with malicious intent is - musavada. The gravity of that offence corresponds to the amount of harm done. There are four factors which make this offence complete: 1. The statement is not true; 2. There is the intention to lie; 3. It is actually spoken; and 4. Others understand what has been spoken.

5/ ok & mar&,- ao&nf a o&uf p onf w d k Y u d k aomuf p m;jcif ; / rl;,pfarhavsmhapwwfaom ao&nfao&uf? bdef;? bif;? uapmf? avSmfpm? ukwfuif;? aq;ajcmuf? bdef;jzLpaom rnfonhfypnf; wdkYudkrqdk aomufpm;oHk;pGJrIrsdK;udk ok&mar&,[kac:onf/ xdkt&mrsm; udk aomufpm;oHk;pGJjcif;onf ukodkvfaumif;rIwdkY arhavsmhjcif;\ taMumif;jzpfonf/ ao&nfao&ufponfrsm;udk aomufaomolonf rl;,pfrI tm;BuD;vmaomtcg? tcsif;csif;udkjzpfap? tjcm;oludkjzpfap? dkufrI? owfrI? cdk;rI? vdrfnmrI? tdrf&mjypfrSm;rI ponfrsm;udk qufvufusL;vGef rdwwfonf/ olonf b0rSmyif toufqHk;IH;&onftxd qdk;usdK; rsm;jzpfapNy;D aoqH;k aomtcg ty,fi&J usa&mufwwfonf/ jzpfav &m b0wdkif;rSm atmufygqdk;usdK;rsm;udk cHpm;&wwfonf/ (1) ta&;tcGihf oihfroifhudk rodjcif;/ (2) ysif;&dwwfjcif;/ (3) arhavsmhrl;a0wwfjcif;/ (4) olYaus;Zl;udk rodjcif;/ (5) t&SuftaMumufuif;jcif;/ (6) l;oGyfjcif;/ (7) raumif;rIudk usL;vGefvG,fjcif;/
5. Surameraya- taking intoxicants. Taking intoxicants and narcotic drugs such as alcohol, hashish, cocaine, marijuana, heroin and the like result in forget fulness to deeds of merit and excessive use can lead to the committing of wrongful assault, murder, lying, adultery, etc. The consequences of using intoxicants and narcotics can be fatal, cause one to be reborn in the four woeful states and suffer from the following evil consequences in successive existences: (1) being divorced from reality; (2) laziness; (3) torpidity and forgetfulness; (4) being ungrateful to one's benefactor; (5) not being ashamed or afraid of being immoral; (6) insanity; (7) propensity for evil.

'gawGuawmh Ak'bmom0ifolawmfpifyk*dKvfwkdif; rvGJraoG tpOfvdkufemapmifhxdef;Mu&r,hf oDvodumyk'frsm;yJjzpfygw,f/ ,ck qufvufNyD;awmh azmfjy&rSmu ]ygy 0d&wd} qdkwJh raumif;rI'kpdkuf w&m;wdkYrS a&SmifMuOfMu&r,hf tydkif;jzpfygw,f/

TERAVADA PERSPECTIVE
"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ ygy0d & wd - raumif ; rI r S a &S m if M uOf j cif ; raumif;rI'kpdkufw&m;qdk;wdkYrS udk,f? EIwfESpfyg;wdkYjzihf txl; a&SmifMuOfjcif;jzpfygw,f/ tJ'ygy0d&wd a&SmifMuOfrrm raumif;rIwpfpkH D I S wpfcurQ ud,jf zihjf zpfap? EIwjf zihjf zpfap? rusL;vGerap&ef txl;aMumihf k kd k f d Mu pdkufxkwfNyD; a&SmifMuOfjcif;rsdK;jzpfygw,f/

19

Papa- Virati- Avoidance of evil Papa- Virati are avoidance through deeds and speech. -pa means All ten kinds of Evil action (Duccarita). Virati means Pa Especial, extraordinary avoidance.

0d & wd (3) rsd K ; tJ'D udk,f? EIwf ESpfyg;wdkYeJY txl;a&SmifMuOfwJh 0d&wdudk t| uxmq&mwd k Y u atmuf a zmf j yygtwd k i f ; (1) or w 0 d & wd / (2) orm'ge0d&wd/ (3) orkap'0d&wd&,fvdkY tbd"rmt|uxmrSm 3-rsdK; cGJjcm;NyD; jyqdkxm;wm awGU&ygw,f/ 0d & wd - raumif ; rI r S a&S m if M uOf j cif ; 0d&wdoHk;rsdK;&Sdygw,f/ (1) orw0d&wd- oDvaqmufwnfrxm;yJ? jyKvkyf&eftcGihf qdkufaomfvnf;? raumif;rIrS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ (2) orm'ge 0d&wd- oDvaqmufwnfxm;vsu?f raumif;rIrS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ (3) orkap' 0d&wd- tukodkvfw&m;rsm;udk r*fjzihft<uif;rJh y,fowfxm;NyD;jzpf a&SmifMuOfjcif;/
Varati- Avoidance or refrained from evil. There are three kinds of Virati (Avoidance) (1) Sampatta- virati- Avoidance on facing evils without necessarily observance of moralconduct. - (2) Samadana- Virati- Avoidance of moral conducts. (3) Samuccheda- Virati- Avoidance through destruction by Maggas.

wJhtwGuf? 0d&wda&SmifMuOfjcif;vdkY t"dym,f&ygw,f/ ork a p ' 0d & wd orkap'0d&wdqdkwmuawmh? t<uif;rJhy,fjzwfxm;wmeJYpyf vdkY a&SmifMuOfwmrsdK;jzpfygw,f/ 'kpdkuf'k&mZD0tEko,"mwfawGudk t<uif;rJowfjzwfwtaeeJjY zpfwhJ avmukw&m0d&wduyJ orkap'0d&wd h hJ kd vdkY ac:wmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'0&wdjzpfNy;D wJh t&d,myk*Kd vawGrm? oltoufuowfr,f/ D d f S Y kd olYOpmudkcdk;r,f pwJh pdwfrsdK;vHk;0rjzpfawmhygbl;/ olYtoufowfrIpwJh ab;&ef 5- rsdK; Nidrf;NyD;jzpfygawmhw,f/ udk,fwkdif? wdkufwGef; csD ; rG r f ; ? pd w f w l ? av;yg;-[l ? rS w f , l 'k p d k u f / / wpf y g;yg;om? Nid p G e f ; vm jzpf y g'k p d k u f / / wpf y g;yg;rQ? rNid u vG w f & 'k p d k u f / / 0d & wd w &m;ud k , f raumif;rI'pduw&m;qd;k udk ud,EwEpyg;pvH;k rSm rjzpfay: k k f k f I f S f vmap&ef txl;a&SmifMuOfwmudk 0d&wdvYkd txufrmqdcygNy/ tJ'D 0d&wd S k hJ D [m tbd"rma'oemawmftvdkt&qdk&yg&if? 0d&wdapwoduf? aom bPapwoduf 25 yg;wdkYrSm yg0ifwmudkawGUMu&rSmjzpfygw,f/ w&m; udk,ftm;jzihf(1) orm0gpm- aumif;jrwfreuefaompum;udk ajymqdjk cif;/ S f orm0gpmapwoduf/ (2) ormurE- aumif;jrwfreuefaomtvkyukd vkyuijf cif;/ S f f f kd ormurEapwoduf/ (3) ormtmZD0- aumif;jrwfrSefuefaomtoufarG;jcif;/ ormtmZD0apwoduf[l (3) yg;&Sdygw,f/
Virati main factors There are three Virati-Cetasika (Mental Factors of Avoid ance Abstinence)- - (1) Samma- vaca (Right Speech)- avoiding four evil verbal actions; (2) Samma -kammanta (Right Action)- avoiding three evil bodily actions; - (3) Samma- agiva (Right livelihood)- avoiding all evil verbal and bodily actions.

ygy0d & wd q d k w mu owfjzwfjcif;? cdk;0Sufjcif;? umrudpwdkYrSm rSm;rSm;,Gif;,Gif; jyKusijfh cif;qdwhJ um,'kpduf (3) yg;/ vdrnmajymqdjk cif;? &efwujf cif;? k k f kd Murf;wrf;wJpum;udajymqdjk cif;? odrzsi;f ao;Ekwwpum;udajymqdjk cif; h k f f hJ k qdkwJh 0pD'kpdkuf (4) yg;wdkYu a&SmifMuOfrIudk ygy0d&wdvdkY ac:qdkwmjzpf ygw,f/ or w 0 d & wd raumif;rI'kpdkufw&m;wdkYrS txl;ojzihf a&SmifMuOfjcif;udk 0d&wdvac:qdygw,f/ 0d&wdw&m;u (3) rsKd ;&Sygw,f/ tJ'xrygvmwJh Ykd k d D J S orw0d&wdqdkwmu wdkufqdkifBuHKBudKufvmwJh0wKu a&SmifMuOfwmrsdK; jzpfygw,f/ oDvodumyk'aqmufwnfxm;wm r[kwygyJ? vGeusL;p&m f f f tmHeYJ wduqiBf uKH BuKd uvmwJtcgrSm? rdr&UJ trsKd ;tEG,?f touf? A[k k k f kd f h d okw? *kPfodumwdkYudk qifjcifNyD;a&SmifMuOfwmrsdK;udk ]]orw0d&wd}} vdkY ac:qdkwmjzpfygw,f/ orwu BuHKBudKufwdkufqdkifvmwJh0wKrS? 0d&wda&SmifMuOfjcif;vdkY teufxGufygw,f/ orm'ge0d & wd orm'ge0d&wdqdkwmu oDvodumyk'faqmufwnfxm;wJh twGuf raumif;rI'kpdkufrS a&SmifMuOfwmrsdK;yJjzpfygw,f/ odumyk'f aqmufwnfwe;f rSmyJjzpfjzpf? aqmufwnfNy;D wJaemufrmyJjzpfjzpf? odum k h S yk'aqmufwnfxm;wJtwGuf vGeusL;p&mtcsuu a&SmifMuOfwm[m f h f f orm'ge0d&wdrnfygw,f/ orm'geqdwmu odumyk'aqmufwnfxm; k f

aumif ; jrwf r S e f u ef w J h t ajymeJ Y t vk y f tJ'D0d&wdapwoduf (3) rsdK;wdkY&Sd&mrSm? (1) vdrfvnfvSnhfywf jcif;/ (2) qJa&;wdkif;xGmjcif;/ (3) ukef;wdkufajcxdk;jcif;/ (4) twif;? tzsif;? tacsmf? t&Twfajymjcif;qdkwJh 0pD'kpdkuf (4) rsdK;rS a&SmifMuOf vQif ]]orm0gpm}} qdkwJh aumif;jrwfrSefuefpGmajymqdkjcif;jzpfNyD;? (1) olYtoufowfjcif;/ (2) olYOpmudk cdk;,lwdkufcdkufvk,ufjcif;/ (3) olY r,m;olvifom;eJY olwpfyg;&JU orD;ysKd om;ysKd wukd taysmvuzsuq;D Y Ykd f kd f f jcif;qdkwJh um,'kpdkuf (3) rsdK;wdkYrS a&SmifMuOfvQif ]]ormurE}} qdkwJh aumif;jrwfrSefuefwJhtvkyfudkvkyfudkifjcif;jzpfygw,f/ pmrsuf E S m 27 ok d Y

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

20

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? usrf;

v,fwDq&maw

The Ledi Dhamm

by

D d v,fweAmefw

a&;om;jyKpkawm

MAHA THERA LED

(edAme'DyeD)
(,cif t ywf r S t quf )
odYk tp&Sonfjzihf &[EmtjzpfoYkd a&mufNy;D aom yk*Kd vukd d f oOyg'daoedAme"mwfjzihf udavo y&deAmefpNH y;D jzpfayonfEifh y&deAK d S d w yk*dKvfac:qdkaom tdk;tpOfonf usrf;*efwGif txift&Sm; trsm; tjym;vm&Sdyg\/ xdkrSwpfyg;vnf; e0edygwft*kFwdK&fygVdawmfacryawm acryawmwd tm0kaom 0kpwd? udwm0wm Ekacgtm0kaom acryawm 0kawm b*0wmwd/ "m0kaom 0d0dap0 umar[d 0d0dp tukoav[d "ar[d o0dwuH o0dpm&H 0da0uZH yDwdokcH yXrH psmeH OyorZ 0d[&wd? {wm0awm acg tm0kaom acryawm 0kawm b*0awm y&d,ma, emwd/ tp&Sdonfjzihf yxrpsmefudk&aom yk*dKvfrSp eda&m"orm ywfukd 0ifpm;aomyk*Kd v?f &[Emtjzpfoa&mufaom yk*Kd vwiatmif Ykd f kd f 0g&aygif; (9) 0g&? acrywyk*dKvfaygif; wpfusdyfvm\/ / (acry awm? ab;uif;&medAmefodkY a&mufaygufNyD;aom yk*dKvfudkqdkvdkonf/) xdkacryyk*dKvf wpfusdwfwGif a&SU (7) a,mufum; 0dure edAmefodkY a&mufonf/ xdkYaMumihf ]y&d,ma,e} [k a[mawmfrlonf/ aemuf (2) a,mufum; tem*grfy*Kd v?f &[Emyk*Kd vaywnf;/ eda&m" k f ormywfEihf oOyg'daooedAmefoa&mufonfukd ]]acryw} } qdayonf/ S Ykd k xdkYaMumihf aemuf0g& ]]edy&d,ma,e}} [k a[mawmfrlonf/ xdtwl ]]trwyawm trwyawmwd tm0kaom 0kpw}d } cs Yk D 0g&aygif; (9) trwywy*Kd vaygif; wpfusyvm\/ k f d f / (trwyawm? ab;uif;&m edAmefodkYa&mufaom yk*dKvfqdkvdkonf/) xkaemuf]]tb,yawm tb,yawmwd tm0kaom 0kpw}d } d csD 0g&aygif ; (9)? tb,y w y k * d K vf a ygif ; wpf u sd y f v m\/ (tb,yawm? ab;uif;&medAmefokdY a&mufaomyk*dKvfqkdvkdonf/) odvQif ygVdawmfEifh edAmefa&muf yk*Kd vaygif; (3) usyvm Yk S f d f \/ xdo;kH usywivnf; (2) usyf (4) a,mufrm 0dureedAmefoYkd a&muf k d f G f d S onfuqonf/ (6) a,mufrm eda&m"ormywfwnf;[laom rkcseAmef? kd kd S d oOyg'daoo edAme"mwfwnf;[laom rkcsedAmefodkY a&mufonfudkqdk

(Nibbana Di pani = T

(Continue from last week) -l Thus, there are many instances shown clearly in the pa.i-l a texts that as the arahat has already attained to kilesaparinibban with the element of saupadisesa nibbana, he is usually called parinibbuta puggala. Moreover, in the navanipata anguttara pali;. -vuso vuccati, khemappatto khemappattoti a - kittavatanukho avuso khemappatto vutto bhagavatati. -vuso vivicceva kamehi vivicca akusalehi idha . . - . dhammehi savitakkam savicaram vivekajam . -nam upasamapajja viharati, etta p1tisukham pathamam jha - kho avuso khemappatto vutto bhagavata pariyayenati etc. vata There come nine va ra-sentences, ten khemappatta puggalas, counting from the first jha na-attainer up to the nirodhasamapatti attainer, the arahatta puggala. [Khemappatta= the person who has already attained to nibbana, the state of nodanger] Of the ten khemappatta puggalas, eight persons have already attained to vikkhambhana nibbana; there for the Buddha -yena'. Whereas the remaining two persons said in a way 'pariya - are anagami puggala, arahatta puggala, never returner and the arahat. The attainment to nirodha samapatti and saupadisesa nibba -ra senna is called 'khemappatta' Therefore in the remaining va tences the Buddha said chiefly 'nippariyayena'. In the same way, there come nine vara sentenes, ten amatappatta puggalas beginning with 'amatappatto amatappattoti avuso vuccati'. [amatappatto=the person who has already attained to the deathlessness, nibbana.] Then there come nine vara-sentences, ten abhayappatta puggalas beginning with "abhayappatto abhayappattati avuso vuccati" [abhaya-ppatto= the person who has already attained to the state of no danger, nibbana.] -li, there come thirty attainers of nibbana. Thus in this pa. It means that of those thirty, also tweenty-four attainers have already attained to vikkhambhana nibbana. Six attainers are said

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

"r0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urmausmf

m;jyKpkawmfrlaom

mma on Nibba na
by

efw&m;awmfrsm;

A LEDI SAYADAW
onf/ 0dureAmefoYkd a&mufonfuyif edAmefa&mufy*Kd v[k qd;kd qdk d kd k f k pOf&aywNy;D um; orkap'edAmefoa&mufaom aomwmyefy*Kd v?f ou dS Ykd k 'g*grfyk*dKvfwdkYudk edAmefa&mufyk*dKvf[k rqdkoihfbJ &SdygacstHhenf;/ (onfum; oOyg'daoo edAmefonfvnf; tocFw"mwf y&rwftppftrSefjzpf\ [lvnf;aumif;? xdkoOyg'daooedAmefodkY a&mufaom &aomt&d,myk*dKvfpkudkvnf; edAmef&yk*dKvf? edAmefa&muf yk*Kd v[vnf;aumif; qdoihqxuaMumif; usr;f *efq;kd trsm;tjym; f l k f kd kd f kd xif&Sm;&SdaMumif;udk jyqdkvkdufaom igwdkYt,laywnf;/ / ESpfNcdKuf &m,lMuav/) wGifa&GUum; ]]a'Grm}} paom ygVdawmft& pdppfyHkNyD;\/
they have attained to chiefly mukhya nibbana, nirodha samapatti; -nas saupadisesa nibbana elements. chiefly mukhyas nibba Since the attainement to vikkhambhana nibbana is usu-na, why should't the stream-enterer ally called the attainer of nibba and once-returner who have already attained to samuccheda nibba -na? na be called the attainers of nibba [This is our view showing that there are many instances of enough evidence in the pali-texts usually saying that. . -l isesa nibbal a is also asankhata paramattha ulti-n 1. saupad mate,2. the ariyas, noble ones who have already attained, at-n tained to saupadisesa nibbal a are also called the attainers of nibbana. 3. the arahatta puggala should also be called the parinibbuta puggala. Please take whichever you like.] Here ends the explanation with regard to pali 'dvema, etc.' Different views with regard to udana pali . Now, the passages from uda na pali will be produced . here . - . (a) atthi bhikhave aja tam abhutam akatam asankhatam. . . . -tam abhutam akatam - . (b) no cetam bhikkhave abhavissa aja . . . asankhatam, na yidha jatassa katassa asankhatassa nissaranam -yetha. paa . - . - . (c) yasma ca kho bhikkhave atthi ajatam abhutam akatam . . . - ja lassa bhutassa katassa sankhatassa asankhatam , tasma . nissaranam paayatiti. . (a) bhikkhave = bhikkhus. - . ajatam atthi = there is non appearing or the cessation-ap peasement of jati-birth; - . abhutam atthi = there is also non-arising or the cessationappeasement of arising. . akatam atthi = there is also non-doing or free from doing . . asankhatam atthi = there is also non-repeated formation or free from the sufferings of repeated formation

pani = The Manual of Nibbana)

O'gef ; ygVd a wmf t & emem0g'jyqd k y H k

,cktcg O'gef;ygVdawmfwdkYudk xkwfjyaytHh/ (u) twd bdua0 tZmwH tblwH tuwH tocFwH/ (c) aem apwH bdua0 tb0d tZmwH tblwH tuwH tocFwH? e ,dc Zmw blw uw ocFw ed&PH ynma,x/ (*) ,o p acg bdua0 twd tZmwH tblwH tuwH tocFw?H wom Zmw blw ocFw ed&PH ynm,wDw/ d (u) bdua0? &[ef;wdkY/ tZmwH? rjzpfjcif;onfvnf;/ 0g? Zmwd\ csKyNf ir;f jcif;onfvnf;/ tw?d &S\/ tblw?H rjzpfay:jcif;onf d d vnf;/ 0g? jzpfay:rIcsKyfNidrf;jcif;onfvnf;/ twd? &Sd\/ tuwH? rjyK& jcif;onfvnf;/ 0g? jyKrIvkyfrI\ uif;Nidrf;jcif;onfvnf;/ twd? &Sd\/ tocFwH? tzefzefrjyK&jcif;onfvnf;/ 0g? tzefzefjyKjyifrI[laom ocFg&'kurS uif;jcif;onfvnf;/ twd? &Sd\/ (c) bdua0? &[ef;wdkY/ {wH tZmwH? rjzpfjcif;onf/ {wH tblwH? rjzpfay:jcif;onf/ {wH tuwH? rjyK&jcif;onf/ {wH tocFwH? tzefzef rjyKjyif&jcif;onf/ aemaptb0d? tu,f r&Sdjim;tHh/ {0H? odkYr&SdcJhonf&Sdaomf/ "? avmu/ Zw? jzpfrI \/ blw? yGm;rI\/ uw? jyKr\/ ocFw? I

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

22

"r0D&onf oEdokcodkY a&S;Ijy|mef;onf/

(b) bhikkhave =bhikkhus noce abhavissa =hadn't there been . - . etam ajatam =this non-appearing . - . etam abhutam =theis non-arising . . etam akatam =this non . . . etam asankhatam =this non-repeated formation . evam =then idha =in this world na paayetha =there wouldn't have been nissaranam =the overcoming jatassa =of the appearing bhutassa =of the arising katassa =of the doing . sankhatassa =of the repeated formation [meaning] (c) bhikkhave =bhikkhus yasma ca kho = For there in non-appearing - . ajatam atthi abhutam atthi =there is non-arising . akatam atthi = there is non-doing . . asankhatam atthi =there is none repated formation tasma =therefore . nissaranam =there is the overcoming paayati jatassa =of the appearing bhutassa =of the arising katassa = of the doing sankhatassa = of the repeated formation [meaning] Our view At first our view on this pali will be shown. In accor. dance with the anuloma paticcasamuppada desana, the law of -paccaya sankhara, - . - dependent origination in direct order: "avijja . sankhara paccaya vianam" etc., if there is vivdly the cause, avijjaignorance; kamma formations will surely appear. If there are vividly kamma-formations, the viana-consciousness will ap-na-consciousness, nama-rupa mind- - pear. If there is vividly via matter will surely appear, Thus, so long as there are causes which conduce to all tebhummaka vattadhammas, existence in the three .. stages of beings, they will be appearing in the anamatagga end. -less round of rebirths, samsara. . -ta, bhuta, kata sankhata] [This is the way of ja . Way of asankhata In accordance with the patiloma pat icca samuppada . -, the law of dependent origination in reverse order, when desana - ~the yogi tries hard and attains the vijjan ana knowledge, the avijja ignorance will cease and appease without remaining anything. If . there is no avijja-ignorance, sankhara kamma formations never . ~~ will appear. As there are no sankhara kamma formations, vinn-naa. ~ ~consciousness never will appear. As there is no vinnana-con. sciousness, namarupa, mind-matter never will appear. Thus, if the causes which can conduce to all tebhummaka vatta dhammas .. cease and appease without remaining anything, they never will appear. . [This is the way of ajata, abhuta, akata, asankhata.] (To be continue)

jyKjyif r I \ / ed &PH ? uRwf v G w f j cif ; rnf o nf / eynma,x? rxifav&m/ (*) bdua0? &[ef;wdkY/ ,om p acg? tMuifaMumihfvQif/ tZmwH? rjzpfjcif;onf/ twd? &Sd\/ tblwH? rjzpfay:jcif;onf/ twd? &Sd\/ tuwH? rjyK&jcif;onf/ twd? &Sd\/ tocFwH? tzefzefrjyKjyif &jcif;onf/ tw?d &S\/ wom? xdaMumih/ Zmwjzpfjcif;\/ blw? d Yk f jzpfay:jcif;\/ uw? jyK&jcif;\/ ocFw? tzefzefjyKjyif&jcif; \/ ed&PH? uRwfvGwfjcif;onf/ ynm,wd? xif\/ (um;teuf) Yk k hH igwk d Y t ,l / / ygVdawmf igwd\t,lukd a&S;OD;pGm jyqdt]]t0dZmyp,m ocFg&m? ocFg&yp,m 0dnmPH}} tp&Sdaom tEkavmr y#dporkyg 'fa'oemawmfEitnD t0dZm[laomtaMumif;w&m; xif&m; S fh S &SdcJhonf&Sdaomf ocFg&wdkYonf {uEjzpfukef\/ ocFg&wdkYonf xif&Sm;&Sd cJhonf&Sdaomf 0dnmOfonf {uEjzpf\/ 0dnmOfonfxif&Sm;&SdcJhaomf emrf? kyfonf {uEjzpf\/ odkYtp&Sdonfjzihf tvHk;pHkaom awbkru 0#fw&m;wdkYonf rdrdwdkYudkjzpfay:atmif aus;Zl;jyKEdkifaom taMumif; w&m; xif&Sm;&SdaeorQumvywfvHk; terw* b0oHo&m jzpfay: omaeukef\/ (um; Zmw? bl w ? uw? ocF w vrf ; aywnf ; /) tocF w vrf ; / / ]]t0dZmeda&ma"m ocFg&eda&ma"m? ocFg&eda&ma"m 0dnmP eda&ma"m}} tp&Saom y#davmr y#dporkyg'f d a'oemawmfESifhtnD tMuiftcg 0dZmPfudk &atmiftm;xkwf 0dZmPfudk&\/ xdktcg t0dZmonf t<uif;r&Sd ukefqHk;csKyfNidrf;\/ t0dZmr&Sdonf&Sdaomf ocFg&wdkYonf rjzpfukefNyD/ ocFg&r&SdaomaMumihf 0dnmOfrjzpfNyD? 0dnmOfr&SdaomaMumihf emrf? kyf rjzpfNyD? odkYtp&Sdonf jzihf tvHk;pHkaom awbkru 0#fw&m;wdkYonf rdrdwdkYudkjzpfay:atmif aus;Zl;jyKEdkifaomtaMumif;w&m; t<uif;tusefr&Sd csKyfysufuG,fqHk; cJhonf&Sdaomf rjzpfMuukefNyD/ (um; tZmw? tbl w ? tuw? tocF w vrf ; aywnf ; /) (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / ) "r0D&onf Ak'\ ax&0g'"rw&m;ppf w&m;rSef xGef;um;&efjzpfonfqkdonfh cH,lcsufESifhtnD vdIiMf unfjzL"r0D&pmaywkdufESifh 'D*spfw,fpmMunfhwkdufrS jzefYcsdxkwfa0vkdufNyD
1/ "r0D&\ "roHpOfrsm; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESihf wuodkvfoQifoD&d) (Nidrf;csrf;OD;) ('kwd,tBudrf) (wuodkvfoQifoD&d) 4/ q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif\ pmayaumufEkwfcsufpmpk ("ry') (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESifh pkd;jrifhvwf) 5/ Ak',Ofaus;rI&wem 6/ olawmfaumif;wkdYtvSLay;enf; 7/ a*gyuESifh Ak'b@mawmf t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY) t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY) (wuodkvfoQifoD&d)

2/ jzwfoef;csdefed'gef;ESihf yxrydkif;

3/ urmhvlom;rsm;ukd;uG,f&m bmomBuD;rsm;ESifh 0g't,ltqrsm;

PODIUM DHAMMA
"r0D&onf Ak'\"rw&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/ pmrsuf E S m 14 rS 0#fawmfcH&onf/ 8/ t|r0wf a wmf ? a'0'wf a usmuf a rmif ; qif v S d r f h c spOf u ajcawmf x d c d k u f ' Pf & mtemw&jzpf & m q&mZD 0 uAk ' \ ajcawmf u d k "m;cG J u k o jcif ; ud k cH & aom0#f a wmf bk&m;avmif; EkpOftcgu Murf;wrf;rdkufrJaom ypE&mZfrif; jzpf vrf;avQmufoGm;pOf tjypfrJhaom jynfolrsm;\ ajcudk "m;jzihf ckwjf zwfx;kd "m;upm;cJaom tukovuaMumihf 0#fawmfc&onf/ h kd f H H 9/ e0r0#fawmf? Ak'j rwfpmOD;acgif;tjyif;txefuucaom 0#fawmf G kd f J bk&m;tavmif;awmfonf EkpOftcgu wHigonf\ om;jzpf onf/ wHigonfwdkY ig;udkacgif;xkowfonfudkjrif 0rf;omtm;&jzpfrd aom tukokdvfuHaMumihf 0#fawmfcH&onf/ 10/ 'or0#fawmf? Ak'jrwfpGma0&mNrdKU0gqdkpOf rka,mqGrf;bkOf; ay;&aom 0#fawmf bk&m;avmif; EkpOftcgu rdkufrJao vlnHhjzpf zkbk&m; \ wynh&[ef;wdYk qGr;f bkO;f ay;onfujkd rif td..uwH;k wdYk oifwonf f k Ykd qGrf;aumif;awGeJY rxdkufwefMuyg? rpm;Muukefvihf? rka,mxrif;udk om pm;Mu[kapmfum;ajymqdkaom uHaMumihf 0#fawmfudkcH&onf/ 11/ {um'r0#fawmf? Ak'j rwfpmausmawmfcg;awmfem&aom0#fawmf G twdw?f taMumif;EkpOftcgu bk&m;tavmif;onf vufa0SU orm;vlyav;jzpf\/ tNrKd UNrKd UatmifEivmaom csey,vufa0SUorm; k dk f f D H xGm;xGm;Bu;D udk vufa0SUyG vufuuiaumif;uifrm vSn&rf;ypfvuf J kd kd f S fh dk aomtcg xdkvufa0SUorm;BuD; ycHk;dk;usKd; usoGm;av\/ atmifyef; ,lNy;D rS bk&m;tavmif;onf xdvufa0SUorm;Bu;D udk yuwdtwdi;f jyefjzpf k k atmif jyKay;av\/ tukokdvfuHaMumihf 0#fawmfudkcH&\/ 12/ 'G g 'or0#f a wmf ? Ak ' j rwf p G m 0rf ; awmf v m;&aom0#f a wmf twdwtaMumif;EkpOftcgu bk&m;tavmif;onf aq;q&m f jzpf\/ olaX;om;udk aq;uko&m aq;zd;k 0g;cray;aomaMumihf 0rf;avsm aq;ay; 'kuBuD;pGma&mufapcJh\/ xdktukokdvfuHaMumihf 0#fawmf udk cH&\/ (ty? |? y 128? 141) &S i f a rm* v mef 0 #f a <u; vuf0Jawmf&Ht*om0uBuD; t&Sifarm*vmefausmufjzihf xkowfc& y&deAmefp&onf/ t&Sijf rwfonf EkpOfb0u r,m;pum; H d H em;axmifrd rdbudk ausmufwHk;jzihf xkowfcJhaom tukokdvfaMumifh Budrfzefrsm;pGm ausmufjzihfxkowfcH& aemufqHk;tBudrfwGif odkY towfcH&onf/ &S i f a vmouwd qG r f ; r0? iwf j ywf & aom0#f a <u; twdwfb0u xdkt&Sifonf awm&Gmbkef;BuD;jzpf\/ tm*EK &[Emudkausmif;'umu MunfndKaomaMumihf remvdkjzpfum xdk&[Em qGrf;rpm;&atmif jyKvkyfcJhaom tukokdvfuHaMumihf arG;vmuwnf;u if;aexdkif&m wpftdrfvHk;wpf&GmvHk;? iwfjywfojzihf if;udkpGefYypfxm;cJh &mrS t&Sifom&dykMwmu &[ef;jyKay;\/ &[ef;b0vnf; qGrf;r0? iwfjywf 'kuBuD;pGmcH&\/ y&dedAmefpHrnfhaeY pwkr"kt0 bkOf;ay; oGm;&onf[kqdkavonf/ &S i f u k @ "merd e f ; rt&d y f a Mumif h 'k u a &muf & aom0#f a <u; xdkt&Sif\ teD;rdef;rwa,muftNrJ&Sdaeonfudk jrif& vltaygif;wdkYu rMunfndKMuojzihf qGrf;cHr& 'kua&muf&\/ twdwf b0uif;onf kupdk;jzpf\? tvGefoihfjrwfMuaom &[ef;ESpfyg;wdkYudk

23

prf;oyfvdkojzihf &[ef;wpfyg;udk,fvufudpjyK&eftwGuf awmNcHKxJodkY 0ifoGm;&mwGif if;\aemufrS rdef;ra,mifzefqif; xdkawmNcHKxJodkY 0ifom;[efjyK\/ rMumrD uydu,dEifh awmNcKH xrS xGuvm[efjyKjyefav G k k S J f \/ tjyifusecaom &[ef;onfawmNcKH xrS xGuvmaom oli,fcsi;f f hJ J f &[ef;udk oDvysufcJhavNyDavm[k ,HkrSm;pdwf0rf;uGJav\/ xdkkupdk; onf taMumif;pHkudk &Sif;jyaomfvnf; xdk&[ef;ESpfyg;wdkY rlvtwdkif; rjzpfMuawmhay/ tukokdvfuHaMumifh 0#f'kuudkcH&av\/ xdre;f rudk aumovrif;Bu;D zrf;aomtcg aysmufaysmufom; k d G ojzihf t&dyfrSef;odvdkuf\/ xdkrif;onf xdk&[ef;udk qGrf;jzihf zdwf jyKpkojzihf xdk'kuNidrf; pdwfwnfwHhoGm;um 0dyemyGm;rsm;tm;xkwf NyD; &[EmjzpfoGm;avonf/ &S i f O ygvd q w m onf b 0a&muf & aom0#f a <u; t&S i f j rwf o nf twd w f b 0u t m ornf a om rif ; \ om;awmfjzpf\/ xdkrif;om;onf oD&durnfaom qifudkpD;O,smOfodkY oGm;aomtcg a'0vrnfaom yapuAk'gudkawGUav\/ rdrdtm; tdk taoray;aomaMumihf rif;onf yapuAk'gtm; trsufxGufum qifESihfwdkufav\/ qifonf yapuAk'gxHodkY rwdk;bJ wefY&yfomae \/ rif;om;vnf; ydktrsufxGufum yapuAk'gudk trsKd;rsKd; nif;qJ ESdyfpufNyD;aemuf O,smOfodkYoGm;av\/ odaomtukovuaMumihf &SiOygvdonf &[Emjzpfonfh Yk dk f H f wdiatmifyif ,kweraom eef;wGi;f qwmonftrsK;d jzpf&aom0#fa<u; k f f d hf udkcH&av\/ tr y gvd ? y'k r 0wD ? tumod &[E m ax&D r wd k Y jynh f w ef q mr jzpf & aom 0#f a <u; xdkax&DrBuD;wdkYonf &[Emjzpfonfh b0yif jynhfwefqmr jzpfMuuke\/ if;wdonf twdwb0u &[Emax&DrBu;D wdukd ]]'Djynhf f Yk f Yk wefqmrawG...}} [k rdkufrJpGm qJa&;zl;aomaMumihf b0odkYa&muf Mu&ukef\/ dkif;ysaom EIwfaMumifhb0tqufquf 'kua&mufwwf onfukd txl;owdjyK EIwapmihqnf;oihvayownf;/ (ax&Dty'gef? f f f S ygVdawmf? t|uxm) 0#fvnf? 0#fa<u;qyf? tukodkvfBuD;rm;vQif ,ckb0rSmyif tjypfBu;D pGmjzpfwwf\/ if;tjypfukd ur0#frS 0dygu0#fvnfaomaMumihf 0#fvnfonf[q\/ umv0dyguf aemufy;kd wuf[vnf;qd\/ aemuf k kd k k aemufb0wdkY 'kuBuD;pGm awGUBuHK&onfudk 0#fa<u;qyf&onf[kqdk\/ 0#f v nf M u&ol r sm; 1/ EGm;t&Sifvwfvwf vQmjzwfcsufpm;aom eEEGm;owform;onf xdb0yif EGm;vdatmfNy;D 0#fvnfumaoqH;k i&Jusav\/ ("ry'- |) k k 2/ om;owfa&mif;0,fa&;tvkyf&SifwpfOD;onf a&m*gaMumihfAdkufcGJum uko&mwGif 0rf;AdkufxJrSm cGJpdwfud&d,musefaeojzihf wzefxyfrHcGJNyD; xkwf,l&aomaMumihf om;aumifowfjcif;ESihf xyfwl0#fvnf&av\/ 0#f v nf & ol a wG ? umv0d y guf a emuf y d k ; wuf c H & ol a wG ,ckypursufarSmufb0yif 0#fvnf&olawG umv0dyguf aemufydk;wufcH&olawG tvGefyifrsm;vS\/ tukokdvf[lonf &ufpuf ,kwfrmrIBuD;rm;vQif tcsdefrMumrDyif 0#fvnfwwf\/ ysufpD;wwf\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif vufxufawmftcgu csufcsif;tjypf&? 0#fvnf? umv0dygufaemufydk;wuf ajrrsKdcH&olig;OD;&Sd\/ a'0'wfwdkYom;tz? eEwdkYESpfa,muf? pdrmPwpfa,muf? aygif; ig;a,mufwdkYajrrsKd\? if;wdkYrSm

DHAMMA VISION

24

"r0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

t&d,maomwmyefwdkY\ 0rf;wGif;odkY t&ufao&nfr0ifEkdif

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(ITBMU)

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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NETWORK MEDIA NEWS

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27

Shaolin Temple's Kaung Fu monks prepare IP0

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/ aomwmyef? ou'g*grf? tem*grf yk*Kdvfrsm; vnf; avmu"Hw&m;qkd;rsm;eJY awGUBuKH&wJh tcg pdwfrcsrf;romjzpfwwfaMumif; pmay usrf;*efawGrSm azmfjyxm;wmawGU&Sd&ygw,f/ temxydPfolaX;BuD;[m aomwmyef yk*K vyg/ tJ'y*K vBf u;D awmif ol&UJ orD; ]okrem d f D k d a'0D}aoqk;H oGm;wJtcg? 0domcgausmif;trBu;D h olYajr;rav; uG,fvGefoGm;wJhtcg? bk&m;&Sif y&deAmefpawmfrwtcg nDawmf tmeEmwkyif d H l hJ Yd pk;d &dryaqG;ida<u;cJMh uygw,f/ aomwmyefb0 f l k a&mufaeMuayr,fh avmu"H&UJ xk;d ESucsu'Pf f f ukd cHpm;Muao;wJhtcsufukdMunhfr,fqkd&if avmu"Hw&m;&JU'PfcEizYdk tawmhudk BuK;d pm; H dk f f Mu&rSmjzpfygw,f/ omref v l w d k Y y if j zpf v if h u pm; avmu"H w &m;&J U 'Pf u k d umuG , f E k d i f a &; twG u f I j rif e nf ; uRrf ; usif v d r m Buzk d Y vkdtyfrSmyg/ avmuvlom;awG avmu"HeJY awG U BuKH & if q k d i f & wJ h t cg wk e f v I y f w m[m avmu"Hw&m;ukd ykxkZOftjrifeJY Munhfjrif wwfMuvkdYomjzpfygw,f/ avmu"Hw&m;eJY awG U BuKH & wJ h t cg wk e f v I y f j cif ; r&S d a wmh w J h t&d , myk * K d v f a wG u awmh avmu"H u k d Munhjf rifwtcg t&d,mtjrif eJMY unhMf uwmyg/ hJ 'gaMumifhvnf; avmu"Hw&m; eJY awGUBuKH &wJhtcg ]wkefvIyfrI} rcH&wmjzpfygw,f/ ykxZOfwtjrifeYJ t&d,m om0uwkYd k Ydk avmu"Hw&m;eJY awGUBuKH&wJhtcg cHpm;&csuf uG J v G J w meJ Y y uf o uf N yD ; ajym&r,f q k d & if avmu"H w&m;&S p f y g;u yk x k Z Of a vmu om;awGyJ qufqH awGUBuK&wmrsK;d r[kwygbl;/ H f bk & m;eJ Y w uG t&d , mom0uawG v nf ; quf q H M u&wmygyJ / avmu"H w &m;uk d b,folb,fyk*KdvfrS a&Smif&Sm;vdkYr&ygbl;/ bk & m;? &[E m ? t&d , m om0ursm;eJ Y yk x k Z Of r sm;avmu"H w &m;uk d a&S m if & S m ;vk d Y r&wmcsif ; wl a yr,f h avmu"H w &m; uk d MunhfjrifcHpm;ykHjcif;usawmh qefYusifbuf jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ avmuvlom; ykxkZOfrsm;u Opm ypnf;rsm;&&Sdvm&if ]'Dypnf;ukd ig&NyD? ig&wJh ypn;f [m rwnfNrwhJ oabmygwum;? qif;&J J tpkrQomygwum;? azmufjyefajymif;vJwwfwhJ oabm&Sdygwum;} vkdY bk&m;? &[Em? t&d,m om0ursm;uJhodkY rqifjcif? rIjrifwwfMuwJh twGuf avmu"Hw&m;oabmukd trSetwki;f f d rodjrifMuawmh &&SdvmwJh Opmypnf;tay:rSm wyfrufpGJvrf;pdwfjyif;jypGmeJY Opmypnf;wkdYukd odrf;ykdufxm;Muw,f/ tJ'Dvkd Opmypnf;&&Sd aewmukdvnf; oabmusESpfouf0rf;ajrmuf aeMuw,f/ rdrdwdkY vkdvm;ESpfoufwJh Opm ypnf;awG xifovkd&SmazGvkdYr&jyef&if wpfcg a'gow&m;awGjzpfvmNyD; rSm;,Gif;pGm jyKrl wwfMu w,f/ tJ'Dvkd&&if avmbwufum? r&&if a'goxG u f v mwwf M uwmaMumif h avmu vlom;ykxkZOfawG oHo&m0#fqif;&J xJu rvGwajrmufEiMf uwmvnf; jzpfygw,f/ f dk avmu"Hw&m;&JUoabmtrSefukd od&SdMuwJh t&d , myk * K d v f B uD ; awG u awmh csrf ; omjcif ; avmu"HeJYyJawGUawGU qif;&Jjcif;avmu"HeJYyJ qk H & qk H & wk e f v I y f r I r jzpf a wmh y gbl ; / 'D v k d wkefvIyfrIrjzpfawmhwmu bk&m;? &[Em? t&d,mom0utaygif;wkdY avmu"Hw&m;eJY ywfoufNyD;]avmu"H w &m;awG [ m rNrJ w J h oabm? qif;&JwJhoabm? azmufjyefajymif;vJ wwf w J h oabmw&m;&S d a vpG w um;} vk d Y qif j cif x m;MuwJ h t wG u f csrf ; omjcif ; = avmu"H e J Y awG U BuKH & wJ h t cgrS m vnf ; ESpfouf0rf;ajrmufjcif; rjzpfovkd qif;&Jjcif;= avmu"Hw&m;eJY/ rvGJra&Smifom awGUBuKH qkHqnf;rdMuwJhtcgrsKd;rSmvnf; rESpfNrKdUrI? pdwnpfnL;rI? pdwqif;&JrrjzpfawmfrMl uygbl;/ f f I tJ'Dvkd avmu"Hw&m;ukd qifjcifIjrifEkd if MuwmaMumifh bk&m;trSL;jyKwhJ wynht&d,m f om0uawG oHo&m0#fqif;&Ju vGwfajrmuf awmfrlMu&wmyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'Doabmw&m;awGukd Ijrifavhvm qif j cif y G m ;rsm;um avmu"H w &m;wk d Y u k d ausmvm;jzwfoef;Mur,fq&if avmu"Hw&m; f T dk eJY ywfoufwJh t&d,myk*KdvfwkdY&JU tjrifw&m; rsm; rdrdwdkYESvkH;om;rSm 0ifpm;arGUavsmfvm atmif BuKd;pm;Mu&rSmjzpfygw,f/ 'DvkdBuKd;pm; tm;xkwfrSvnf; t&d,myk*KdvfwkdY avmu"H w&m;tay: Ijrifqifjcifenf;awG &&SdvmNyD; bk & m;? &[E m ? t&d , mom0ursm;uJ h o k d Y avmu"H w &m;rsm;eJ Y awG U Y B uKH q k H q nf ; &wJ h tcsdefrSm]avmu"H w &m;awG [ m rNrJ w J h oabm? qif;&JwJhoabm? azmufjyefajymif;vJ wwfwoabmw&m;&SavpGwum;} vkYd qifjcif hJ d okH;oyfEkdifMuNyD; avmu"Hw&m;ESpfyg;jzpfwJh csrf;omjcif;eJY qif;&Jjcif;'Pfukd cHEkdifpGrf;&nf &SdMurSmjzpfygw,f/ tT e f ; r*F v ok w f y &d w f a wmf E S i h f tjcm;a[mMum; csuf r sm; &S i f P (zsmyk H )

pmrsuf E S m 6 rS csrf;om aeolrsm;u ]ig 'Dwpfouf rqif;&J awmhbl;} vkdY,lqNyD; owdvuf vGwfxifovkd rjyKoif h w J h t aMumif ; oabmayguf x m;zk d Y vkdygw,f/ tJ'grS csrf;omjcif;avmu"H&JU 'PfukdcHpm;Ekdifol jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ qif;&Jolu vnf; rdrdudk,fukd rdrd tTefwkH; opfwpfyifvdk rrS w f , l b J BuKd ; pm;tm;xk w f r I p G r f ; tm;eJ Y qif;&Jjcif;avmu"Hudk wGe;f vSeNf y;D csr;f omjcif; avmu"HeJY qufqH&atmif pGrf;aqmifMu&rSm jzpfygw,f/ avmu"Hw&m;oabmt& avmu"Hw&m;uvnf; rwnfrNrJajymif;vJ wwfovkd tvif;eJtarSmif aeYenawGuvnf; Y YJ wpfvnfh wpfjyefajymif;vTaew,f/ 'Denf;twl S J csrf;omjcif;eJY qif;&Jjcif;uvnf; 'GefwGJaewm aMumifh csrf;omjcif;aemufrSm qif;&Jjcif;vkduf ygaew,f/ qif;&Jjcif;aemufrSmvnf; csrf;om vkdufygaewwfw,fqkdwm tav;tjrwfjyK qifjcifNyD;aeMu&ygw,f/ vl Y b 0qk d w mvnf ; tcuf o m;? wpfcgwpf&H Bupnfwi;f ajrmuf? xifwi;f ayguf H dk dk ayr,fh wpfcgwpf&usjyefawmhvnf; vk&mqE H d rjynhf0bJ&Sdwwfygw,f/ 'Dtjyif rdrdykdifqkdifwJh Opmypnf;rsm; taMumif;wpfrsKd;rsKd;aMumifh ysufpD;qkH;IH;&wmrsKd;vnf; &Sdygw,f/ Oyrm ajym&r,fqkd&if 2010-ck Zefe0g&DvtwGif; a[wDEkdifiHrSm tiftm;jyif;ivsif'PfcHvkduf& avawmh Op m yp n f ; qk H ; I H ; oG m ;cJ h M u&wm vltrsm;odMuygvdrr,f/ 'DtajctaeukMd unhf hf jrifNyD; csrf;omjcif;avmu"Hw&m;eJY qufqH &w,f q k d N yD ; avmu"H w &m;uk d , k H p m;aevk d Y r&bl;/ csr;f omjcif;&JUaemufausmrSm qif;&Jjcif; uyfygaew,fqkdwm oufaojyvkdufwmygyJ/ 'DuaeY rdrwyiqiMf uwJh Opmypn;f d Ykd dk f dk awG[m &efolrsKd;ig;yg;aMumifhyJjzpfjzpf? wjcm; taMumif;wpfckckaMumihfyJjzpfjzpf wpfoufwm vk;H rysup;D cJb;l qk&ifvnf; rdru ysup;D qk;H I;H f h d d f um Opmypnf;awGukd pGefYvTwfoGm;&rSmjzpfvkdY avmu"H e ,f o m;awG [ m avmu"H w &m; vS n h f p m;jcif ; 'Pf u k d a&S m if v G J r &bJ awGUBuKHcHpm; Mu&rSmaocsmygw,f/ tJ'Dvkd avmu"Hw&m;eJY &ifqkdif awG U BuKH M u&NyD q k d & if avmu"H e ,f o m;yif jzpfayr,fh ykxkZOf udavomw&m;ukd yGm;rsm; cifwG,faeolrsm;NyD; vlom;awGtm;vkH; tBuD; tus,wevywwfygw,f/ avmu"Hw&m;eJY f k f I f awGUBuKHMu&vkdY wkefvIyfMu&olawG[m ykxkZOf vl o m;awG w if v m;qk d a wmh ruao;bl ; /

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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ygVdbmomudk odyHenf;us bmomaA'enf;jzihf oifMum;oihf

t&S i f a &0w(a&T o maygif ; ) ]Oa&my? tdE,} wduBf u;D oH;k bmompum;rsm; d k ESihf bmomrsKd;dk;rwlnDMuaomaMumihf xdkEkdifiH om;wdkYonf Oa&mybmompum;rsm;? tdEd, bmompum;rsm;udk oifMum;&mwGif tcuf tcJ r sm;awG U &ayonf / oif M um;enf ; pepf aumif;ygrS tcuftcJrsm; avsmhyg;oGm;Ekdifay rnf/ oifMum;enf;pepf nHhzsif;aevQifum; (tcsdefukef-vlyef;)rsm;pGmcH&ayrnf/ ygVdbmomudk tcsdefwdkwdkjzihf wwf uRrf;&ef oifenf;trSefum; ]emrf*dkPf;pOf? tmcswfBud,m*dkPf;pOfrsm;udkom t&usufap udwfyk'frsm; wnfaqmufyHkudk em;vnfNyD; aemuf? ygVd0gusrsm;udk jrefrmokdYjyefapjcif;? jrefrm0gusrsm;udk ygVdodkY jyefapjcif;? ygVdbm jziha&;enf;? ajymenf;rsm;udk vufawGUrsm; rsm; f avhusihfay;onfhenf;} yifjzpfonf/ ,if ; od k Y y gVd u d k oif a y;NyD ; aemuf wqifhwuf ]ygVdESihf bmomrsKd;dk;wl? o'g pnf;urf;wif;usyfvSonhf} ouwbmomukd (acwf r D e nf ; jzih f quf o if bmomaA' (obm0edkwd)enf;jzihf ygVdESihf ouwudk Edi;f ,SOoifay;vduvQif ,if; 2 bmomvH;k udk I f k f wwfajrmufoGm;rnfomru ygVdyk'fygXfrsm;udk Edieif;aom (ygVd)ygXfrm; ygXfrersm;udk wduspm k f S S f G qHk;jzwfEkdifaom o'gyg&*lq&mrsm;jzpfoGm;yg vdrrnf/ fh urmESihf &ifabmifwef;vdk? urm wpfvTm;wGif (tqihftwef;jrihfjrihf) omoem jyKvaom jrefrm&[ef;awmfwi;f onf Ak'w&m; kd kd awmfrsm;ESihfwuG ]ygVd? ouw? bmomaA'? t*F v d y f p m} wd k Y u d k acwf r D e nf ; aumif ; jzih f uRr;f usiwwfajrmufz&ef tcsewefaeNyjD zpfyg f Ydk d f onf/ ouwbmomudk acwfrDoifMum; enf;pepfaumif;aumif;jzihf oif,wwfajrmuf l xm;vQif jymuwrsKd;0if ygVdpaom bmom pum;rsm;udk oufawmifhoufomjzihf tvG,f wulyif oif,lwwfajrmufoGm;Ekdifavonf/ odkYjzpf ouwudk tajccH odyHenf;us bmomaA'enf;jzihf ygVdbmomavhvmenf;udk oifMum;oihfaMumif; wdkufwGef;tyfygonf/ t&S i f a &0w(a&T o maygif ; )

us,f0ef;vSaom tdEd,wdkufBuD; a&S;ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmrSp ay:xGef;oHk;pGJvmcJh aom bmompum;rsm;pGmwdkYudk pkaygif; bmomaA'ynm&Sifrsm;u ]]tif'dk-tm&d,mef bmomrsKd;}} (Indo-Aryan family) [k trnf ay;xm;Muonf/ ,if;bmomrsKd; (1) bDpD 1500 cef Y r S p ay:xG e f ; vmcJ h a om ]a0' bmomESifh ouwbmomwdukd ouwbmom Yk rsK;d [kvnf;aumif;? (2) ygVd? rm*"D? tErm*wD? aom&aoeD? r[m&|D? ayompD? tyBbHo ponf h b momwd k Y u d k jymwubmomrsKd ; [k vnf;aumif;? tkypk 2ckcJG trnfay;xm;onf/ f ,if;tkyfpk 2 ckonf a&S;ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmrSp ,aeYacwftxd tvGee;D uyfpm qufE,vsuf f G G f twlwuG ,SOfwGJxGef;um;vm a&maESmoGm; cJhonf/ xdkwGif(1) ouwbmomrsKd;onf o'genf;pepf wif ; usyf w d u spG m vd k u f e musih f o H k ; ojzih f ajymif;vJ ,dk,Gif;rI tvGefenf;yg;onf/ (2) jymwu bmomrsKd;onfum; o'gpepf wif;usyfwduspGm vdkufemusihfoHk;rIr&Sdjcif;? umv? a'o? yk*dKvftrsKd;rsKd;tvdkuf toHk; tEIef;uGJjym;jcif;wdkYaMumihf ajymif;vJ,dk,Gif;rI rsm;jzpfay:vmcJhonf/ ,if;uJhodkY ajymif;vJ,dk,Gif; uGJjym;rI rsm;pGm &SdvmcJhaom jymuwbmomrsKd;0if ygVd tp&Sdonfh bmompum;wdkYudk ajcajcjrpfjrpf oifMum;wwfajrmufvdkvQif o'genf;pepf

wif;usyfrI&Sdaom ouwbmomudk ususee oifMum;wwfajrmufzdkY&ef vdktyfvSygonf/ ,if;odYk ]ouwESifh jymuwbmom} wdukd oif Yk Mum;&mwGif enf;pepfaumif;pGm &&SdzdkY&efvnf; vdtyfao;onf/ oifMum;enf;pepfaumif;vQif k odyHbmom&yfudkjzpfap? 0dZmbmom&yfudkjzpf ap tvG,fwul vsifvsifjrefjref wwfajrmuf Ekionfomwnf;/ d f taemufOa&mywdkufBuD; ajymqdk oHk;pGJvmcJhonfh bmompum;rsm; ]Oa&my bmomrsKd;} onfvnf;aumif;? tdEd,wdkufBuD; ajymqdo;kH pGcaom bmompum;rsm; ]tdE, k J hJ d bmom} rsK;d onfvnf;aumif;? bmomrsK;d d;k 2 ckonf tajccHtm;jzihf tHMh o&avmufatmif qifwlrI rsm;pGm&Sdaeojzihf ,if;bmomrsKd;dk; 2 ckuaygif; ]tif'-Oa&mybmomrsK;d } (Indokd kd European family) [k bmomaA'ynm&Sif wdkYu trnfay;xm;cJhayonf/ wdkufBuD; 2 wdkufoHk; bmomrsKd; 2 ckonf tajccHtm;jzihfrsm;pGm qifwlrI&Sd aomaMumihf tdEd,wdkufom;wdkYu Oa&my bmompum;rsm;udk oif,lvQif tvG,fwul vsifvsifjrefjref wwfajrmufoGm;Ekdifonf/ xd k Y t wl y if Oa&mywd k u f o m;wd k Y u td E d , bmompum;udk oif,vQivnf; tvG,wul l f f vsif j ref p G m wwf a jrmuf o G m ;Ek d i f M uonf / tdE,Ekii\ ta&SUbuf&dS jrefrm? wkwponfh d d f H f Ekiiw oH;k pGonfbmompum;wdonf tqdyg d f H Ykd J h Yk k

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"r0D&onf avmuD avmukw&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

tvif;a&mifukd t&dyfrrkd;rdygapESifh
okw- a&Tovif H G
odr;f usK;H Ny;D ajymqkaeykrm ewfyJG okuyJG usi;f y d H S d f aeouJhokdYjzpfae\/ pma&;ol\ uk,awGUjzpf&yfwpfcrm d f k S pma&;ol E S i f h td r f j cif ; uyf v suf rd w f a qG wpfOD;\ tdrfukd tdrfiSm;wifay;&ef tultnD awmif ; vmaomaMumih f td r f i S m ;&S m ay; &ygonf/ tdrfiSm;&ef &ufowfrSwf p&H ay;NyD ; ajymif ; vm&ef E S p f & uf t vk d w G i f tdrfiSm;vifr,m;onf vkdtyfonfrsm;jyKjyif &ef [ k td r f a omh a wmif ; um wpf a euk e f xkkdufaeawmh\/ naeykdif;wGif pma&;ol oGm;a&mufwufMunh&m acgif;&if;zufwpfjcrf; f vk;H tjynhf bk&m;aqmifEitnD pifwef;&SnBf u;D S hf vkyfxm;aomaMumihf ]]'gu bmvkyfzkdYvJ}} [k ar;Munfh&m tdrfiSm;trsKd;orD;u (uRefrwkdYu Ak'bmomtppfawGqkdawmh 'DvkdyJ rdkd;zvm tpOftvmkd;&mawGukd ukd;uG,fw,f? txuf yk*KdvfBuD;awGeJY bkd;awmfawGukdvnf; tkef; iSuaysmyGewifajrmufxm;wmyg/) [k jyefvnf f J YJ &Sif;jyaomtcg pma&;olvnf; ukd,fhukd,fukd igAk'bmomrS ppf&JUvm; [k tajy;tvTm; uref;uwef;pOf;pm;&awmh\/ (pma&;oltdrf wGif bk&m;aqmifwpfrsKd;om&Sd jzpfyg\/) a&S;vlBuD;olrrsm;\ tqkdtrdefYjzpf aom ]tl;u wpfrl;om? olckd;u vlvkd[pf} qkdovkd ,aeYtcsdefwGif ax&0g'w&m;yGJrsm;? ax&0g'pmayrsm; jzpfxGef;ay:aygufrsm;jym; vmumrS ]aMumifoawmf} wku ajymavuJav l Yd jzpfvmaeonfukd jrifawGU Mum;odae&yg onf/ tcsKdUaom NrKdUv,f &Gmv,f NrKdUOD; &Gmxdyf awmifay:wkdY a&S;tcgu wnfxm; ukd;uG,fcJhaom apwD? ykxkd;? bk&m;rsm;teD; 0ef;usifwGif ,cifur&Sdavaom ol&wD? uGrf&if? vcsfrD;? wefbD? OD;wDbGm;? tef;ukef;? r[mydEEihf atmifav;atmif? acgifav;acgif? J S 0dZm"kd&f? &aoh? tif;bkef;BuD;? aq;bkef;BuD; k y f w k y k H a wmf r sm; yk d r k d r sm;jym;acwf p m;vm onfukdvnf; jrifawGU&onf/ oHCmh*kPfukd tmkHjyKNyD; MunfnKd ukd;uG,fwmvm;/ rdrdwdkY\ pD;yGm; BuD;yGm;

Ak'bmomukd ,kHMunfudk;uG,fol taygif;wkdYonf Ak'omoemawmfjrwfBuD;tm; "ra&mifjcnf? omoemha&mifjcnf? omoemh tvif ; a&mif [ l ajymqk d o k H ; EI e f ; um ]Ak ' omoem vif ; a&mif j zm &S n f M umaeok d Y vif;apaomf}qkdum &nf&G,fqkawmif;jyKvkyf aeMuygonf/ avmuBu;D tv,f bk&m;&Siyiawmf f G hf rl v m&jcif ; onf vuG , f n oef ; acgif , H tarSmifwuBf u;D twGi;f rk;d onf;xefpm &GmoGe;f dk G aecsewif vif;vufvuaom vQyppftvif; d f G dk f f a&mifuojYkd zpfonf[k EIi;f ,SOziqMdk uygonf/ hJ d f G hf avmu &cJjcif;ig;rsK;d &S&m bk&m;yGihf d aomtcgESifhBuKHcJjcif;onf wpfrsKd;tygt0if jzpfonf/ jrwfAk'ukd,fawmfwkdif ]tED blawm t,H avmaum} avmuBuD;tm; trkduf wkdufu zkH;vTrf;xm;onf[k bk&m;jzpfawmfrlp rSmyif qifjcifawmfrygonf/ xkaMumifh (&wem l Yd 'DyH) ynmtvif;a&mif oef;apcJhygonf/ ok d Y Ak ' b mom omoem\ ta&mift0gwkudk ykrxe;f vif;awmufyBu;D rm; Yd d dk G ckdifcHhatmif 0kdif;0ef;BuKd;yrf;oltcsKdUwkdYonf ]ayghapvkdaMumifkyfxkd; aq;aMumihfykdav;} qkdouJhodkY bmom omoemtwGuf o''ge taejzifh Ek;d aqmfwuwe;f tvSLcH qkay;Mu&m dk f G wGif rdrdwkdYpdwful;&ovdk awG;qum tvSLaiG rsm;rsm;&Ekia&;ESihf aqmif&uaeaom vkyief; d f G f f rsm; tqifajyatmifjrifa&;ukom pdwapmum d f

Ak'bmomt,ltqESihf ukdufnDrI&Sdr&Sd? bk&m; a[m [k w f r[k w f ? rS e f rrS e f w k d Y u k d a0zefqef;ppfraebJ NyD;ajrmufzkdY? atmifjrifzkdY wpf c k w nf ; uk d o m &nf & G , f ajymqk d jyKvkyfaeMuonfukd ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm; jrifae Mum;ae&ygonf/ qifajczkH;&yfuGufwpfck\ bk&m;0if; twGif; apwDawmfa&TouFef;uyfvSLEkdif&ef tvSLaiGaumufcMH u&mwGif apwDawmftwGuf a&TouFe;f wefz;dk jynhpom;aomfvnf; N*K[wif f Hk G d f dk N*Kd[fkyfESifhN*Kd[faxmifhbk&m;trsKd;rsKd;twGuf vkdtyfaeaomaMumifh tusKd;aqmifvlBuD;rif; rsm;\ tvSLcHaqmfMovkdufykHrSm - (Ak'bmom tppftrSeqvQif N*K[wif N*K[b&m;rSm yef;? f dk d f dk d f k a&csr;f ? qDr;D ? a&TouFe;f uyfvLS ylaZmf&ygrnf/ xkaMumifh N*K[b&m;rsm;twGuf vktyfaeaom Yd d f k d a&TouFe;f vSL&ef wefz;kd aiGrsm;ukd Ak'bmom0if rsm;yDyD vma&mufyg0ifvLS 'gef;Muyg&ef Ek;d aqmf wkdufwGef;tyfygonf/ )[k t,lrSm;? tjrifrSm;? todrSm;jzihf tvSLcHajymqkdae\/ tjcm; tvS L cH X mewpf c k vnf ; rkdufukdiftusKd;aqmifwpfOD;onf tvSLaiG xnfh0ifvSL'gef;olrsm;tm; jyefvnfqkawmif; arwmyk&mwGif crf;crf;em;em; okuou0ef;0ef; Yd d f dk f jzpfap&efxifyg\/ (,ck vSL'gef;olESihfwuG &Gmawmf&Sif? NrKdUawmf&Sif? ukd;NrKdU&SifESifhwuG ukd;odef;? ukd;aomif; ukd;axmif ukd;&m ukd;q,fh ukd; okdufeef;&Sifrsm;ygrusef) [kqkdum tm;vkH;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/ csrf;omzkdYtwGuf taqmiftjzpf tokH;jyKwm vm; qkdonfukdawmh um,uH&Sifrsm;omodMu ygvdrfhrnf/ oHCmh*kPfukd tmkHjyK MunfnKd ylaZmfvkdvQif wifhw,foyf&yfaom &[ef; toGifukd xkvkyfrnfqkdvQif vkHavmufygNyD? b,fbkef;BuD;? bmukd,fawmf? [kd[maumif; onfqNdk y;D yk*K vEitusK;d ukom tmkjH yKaevQif d f S fh d oHCmqkdaom *kPfawmfukd xda&mufodjrifEkdif rnfrxifyg/ omoemtwG u f &wuf r at; &ifav;pGmeJY omoemhwm0efrsm;ukd aqmif&Guf awmf r l & if ; trsKd ; bmom omoemtwG u f rdefYMum;awmfrlcJhaom awmifNrKdU r[m*EmkH t&S i f Z eumbd 0 H o q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; \ tqkH;trtcsKdUrSm]]bk & m;omoemrS m aeNyD ; awmh bk&m;&JUtqkH;tr Oya'twkdif;raeMuwm uawmh bk & m;uk d a pmf u m;wmyJ ? tazu om;ukdaumif;apcsifvkdY qkH;rwm rvkdufem bl ; qk d & if 'D o m;[m tazuk d apmf u m;&m usovk d j zpf a eawmh tazh t d r f r S m aew,f ? 'gayr,f h tazh pum;uk d e m;raxmif b l ; ? tazh t d r f r S m ae&if tazh p um;awmh em;axmif & rS m ayh g ? t&d y f a wmh v mNyD ; ckdw,f? pum;ukdawmh em;raxmifbl; qkd&if 'g[m apmf u m;wmyJ } } qef;opfjcif;? wDxijf cif;? twk,jl cif; G rsm;ESihfywfoufvnf; ]twk,lw,fqkdwm awmh ,l&ygw,f? 'gvnf; jzpfEif rjzpfEicse& dk dk f d f ao;w,f? wpfcgwkef;u usD;uef;u tom;jzL csifowJh? AsKdif;jzLaewmukdvnf; tm;usrdowJh? 'Dawmh olpOf;pm;w,f? AsKi;f jzLaewm[m a&xJ d rSm MumMumikyfEkdifvkdYyJ? igu tJvkdrikyfbJaevkdY rnf;aewm? olvjdk zLatmifqNdk y;D ikwcsvuwm Y f dk f ray:vmawmhb;l }}/ tvSLcHo?l tvSLay;olrsm; od&Ei&ef dS dk f ]tvS L 'geaMumif h tusKd ; ay;&m 'ge &Sif\apwemtay: rlwnf tusKd;ay; ygw,f ? vS L zG , f 0 w K ponf w k d Y u vnf ; taxmuf t ul j yKMuygao;w,f / cspf ay;jcif;? aMumufay;jcif;? *kPfvmbfukd arQmf ay;jcif ; ? wpf r sKd ; rsKd ; jzpf a evQif tvS L 'gerqk d & ? 'getusKd ; ppf p pf r&Ek d i f } [l owdjyK? qifjcif? rSwfom;? vkyfaqmif wwf&ef a[mMum;cJhygonf/ Ak'bmom0ifrsm;ESifh bmom? omoem tusKd;ukd aqmif&GufolwkdYtm; (Oygoum) [lvnf; ac:qkowfrwMf uyg\/ ,if;Oygo d S um trnfcH,lxm;olrsm;twGuf oajyuef q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u o&P*kHw&m;awmf usrf;pmtkyfwGif Oygoum*kPf(10)yg;ukd od&Sd Ekdif&ef a&;om;awmfrlcJhygonf/ 1/ &[ef;oHCmESifh wlrQaom csrf;om qif;&J ukd cHEkdifrI&Sd&rnf/ 2/ w&m;awmfom tBuD;trSL;&Sdoljzpf&rnf/ 3/ pGrf;tm;tavsmuf a0zefvSL'gef;jcif; arGUavsmf&rnf/ 4/ bk&m; omoemqkwf,kwfrnfukd awGUjrif& aomf BuD;yGm;wkd;wufatmif BuKd;pm;tm;xkwf &rnf/ 5/ orm'd|d? rSefuefaomtjrif (bk&m;a[m twkdif;) vkdufemoljzpf&rnf/ aumwk[v r*Fvmac: txl;tqef;jrif&? Mum;&? eH&? pm;&? awGUxd&aomtm;jzihf r*Fvmjzpfonf aumif;usKd;&onf[k r,lq? touf[laom taMumif;aMumifhaomfvnf; omoemawmfrS wpfyg;aom q&mukdrTefMum;/ 6/ ukd,fEIwfESpfyg;ukd aumif;pGmapmifhpnf; xde;f odr;f &rnf/ 7/ nDTwfatmif usifhaqmif rjiLplwwfbJ omoemawmfudk tHMh ozG,f txl;tqef;tjzpf rjyKvkyf/ 8/ bk&m;&Siuom uk;d uG,&m[k todtrSwjf yK f dk f qnf;uyf\/ 9/ w&m;awmfuom uk;d uG,&m[k todtrSwf dk f jyK qnf;uyf\/ 10/ oHCmawmfukdom ukd;uG,f&m[k tod trSwfjyK qnf;uyf\/ xkdokdYaom OygoumwkdYonf (avmuD) o&P*kHav;rsKd;wGif wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzifh vufcHusifhokH;olvnf; jzpf&ygrnf/ 1/ tw oE,smwe o&P*kH= igonf ,aeY d rSp rdrdukd,fukd bk&m; w&m; oHCmtm; tyfESif;yg\/ &wemokH;yg;tm; rdrdukd,fudk pGefYvSLvsuf aqmufwnfaomo&P*kH/ 2/ wy&m,Pwm o&P*k= igonf ,aeYrSp H bk&m; w&m; oHCmtm;omvQif yke;f atmif; rSDcdkyg\/ &wemjrwfokH;yg;rSvGJ tjcm;bmukd rS rqnf;uyf rudk;uG,f/ 3/ od bm0ly*re o&P*kH= ,aeY rSp bk&m; w&m; oHCm\teD;ae wynhftjzpf cH,l\/ 4/ yPd y gw o&P*k H = wynh f a wmf o nf ,aeY r S p &S d c k d ; jcif ; ? c&D ; OD ; BuKd q k d j cif ; ? vuftkyfcsDjcif;? tkdtaojyKjcif;trIwkdYukd bk & m; w&m; oH C m tm; omvmvQif

31

jyKygawmhrnf/ uJhodkYaom o&P*kHwpfrsKd;rsKd;ESifh jynhpygrS Ak'bmom0if OygoumwpfO;D jzpfEif f Hk dk ygrnf / o&P*k H w nf E k d i f & ef t wG u f v nf ; o'gw&m; [kqkdaom bk&m; w&m; oHCmESifh uHuH\tusKd;wdkYukd ,kHMunfvufcH&ygrnf/ 'd|dZkur qkdaom ajzmifhrwfrSefuefpGmjyKvkyf Ekdifaom todynmESifh usifhBuHtm;xkwfrI &Sd& ygrnf/ yknud&d,m0wK (10)yg;jzpfaom 'ge? oDv? bm0em? typm,e? a0,sm0p? yw'ge? d ywmEkarm'e? "ro0e? "ra'oem? 'd|dZkur qkdaom taMumif;w&m;rsm;ESihf jynhfpkHatmif BuKd;pm;usihfaqmif&ygrnf/ xktaMumif;t&mwkudk odem;vnfNy;D d Yd vkuemusio;Hk ygrS (Por,w) ynmo'g d f fh k f wGvsuf o&P*kwnfaom ]]&wemhOygoum}} J H jzpfNyD; azmfjyygtaMumif;tcsufwkdY tm;enf; csKUd ,Gi;f cJygu (P0dy,w) ynmr,SOf o'g h k f oufouf o&P*kH ]'Gef;p@m; Oygoum} jzpfygawmhrnf/ xkdYaMumifh bk&m;&Sifukd ]t*'udaP ,s} jrwfaomtvSLcH trSewu,frejf rwfaom f G yk*K vtaejzifh &Sc;dk rS o&P*kwnfyg\/ bk&m; d f d H ukd uk;d uG,xm;aomolonf jyifyyk*K vwpfO;D ? f d f t&mwpfck? ewfjzpfjzpf? q&mjzpfjzpf? t,lvGJ rSm;aeolujdk zpfjzpf jrwfaomtaejzifh uk;d uG,f vQif o&P*k H y suf \ / o&P*k H q k d o nf r S m jrwfaomtpGrf;tm;jzifhwnfum jrwfaom tpGrf;tm;jzifh ysufpD;av\/ o&P*kHrysufpD;aomfvnf; (oHud avo) [lonfh o&P*kHnpfEGrf;jcif; av;rsKd; &Sdygao;\/ 1/ tnmP &wemokH;yg;\t&[Hpaom tnmP*k P f awmf w k d Y u k d rod j cif ; arm[aMumif h npfEGrf;\/ P2/ rdpmP &wemok;H yg;\ *kPaus;Zl;wdudk f Yk aus;Zl;rJhjzpfatmif BuHaqmif azmufjyefpGm ,ljcif;? ajymjcif;jzifh npfEGrf;\/ 3/ tem'& &wemok;H yg;ukd rkaojcif;aMumihf tem'&d vnf; npfEGrf;\/ 4/ t*g&0 &wemokH;yg;ukd awmfpG? avsmfpG? t*g&0rcefYav;pm; rxDrJhjrifjyKrljcif;aMumifhvnf; npfEGrf;\/ o&P*kHwnfNrJjcif;\ tusKd;w&m; taejzifh ]b0or'g} ok*wdb0ESifhjynhfpkHjcif;? ]abm*or'g} pnf;pdrfOpmESifhjynhfpkHjcif;wkdY jzpfygonf/ oH,kwfygVdawmf t&Sifr[m pmrsuf E S m 34 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,f tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

jrwfAk'\tvkyftauR; t&SiftmeEm
jrifhodef;(armfuRef;)
,cif t ywf r S t quf

tcef;(5)
t&S i f t meE m tm; pG J q d k c suf r sm; 1/ t&S i f t meE m tay:pG J q d k c suf i g;csuf 0denf;udk o*Fg,emwifawmfrlMuNyD; aemuf "rukd o*Fg,emwifaepOftawmtwGi;f acw&yfem;csdefwpfck t&SiftmeEmonf olY twGuf bk&m;&Sifcsefxm;awmfrlcJhonhfaqmif &Guajz&Si;f &eftaMumif;udprsm;udk wifjyawmf f rlygonf/ ta&;rBu;D onfh ti,fpm;pnf;urf; Oya'wdukd 0denf;awmfrEwy,f&ef bk&m;&Siu Yk S I f f cGifhjyKawmfrlcJhaMumif; avQmufxm;ygonf/ ]]ta&;rBuD;onfh ti,fpm;0denf;pnf;urf; rsm;}}\ qdv&if;t"dym,ftay: oabmwlnrI k kd D &&Sd awmfrrlMuyg/ _
CHAPTER- V _ Charges against Ananda 1.Five charges against him After recitation on the Vinaya, and during the recitation of Dhamma, at an interval, Ven. A nanda mentioned those matters which the Buddha had left a legacy with him to settle. He said that the Buddha had allowed the minor and lesser rules to be abolished from Vinaya Rules. The Bhikkhus could not agree what was meant by 'the minor and lesser rules.'

cJavNy/ odysuuujf cif;onf igh&i\tjypf h D Yk f G S f jzpf igh&Sifonf xdktjypfudk0efcHygavmh}}

"Friend, Ananda, you have failed aMumihfom tjypf[k wynhfawmf0efcHygonf to ask to Buddha what was meant by mi- bk&m;}} And the second offence was imnor and lesser rules. This failure is your posed by the elders: offence and you cofess it." "Friend, A nanda, you have trSefpifppf xdkudprSm tjypfwpfck r[kwfyg/ rnfonhf0denf;pnf;urf;wGifrSmrS stepped on the Buddha's rainyseason robe when sewing it. This kind of sewing is your ryg&Sdyg/ rax&fBuD;rsm;tm; av;pm;orIjzihf? offence and you concede it." ]]t&Sifbk&m;wdkY xdkpOfu wynfhawmfonf In fact it also is not an offence. 0rf;enf;aMuuGru vTr;f rd;k xm;ojzihf bk&m;&Sif But he responded: J I "Venerable Sirs, it was so done udk avQmufxm;ar;jref;&efarhavsmhoGm;cJhyg as there was no one who would hold at the onfbk&m;/ bk&m;&SifESifh oHCmudk rdkao other end of the robe. It was not due to rav;pm; r[kw&ygaMumif;bk&m;/ xdaMumihf disrespect for the Buddha and I cannot f Yk wynhfawmfujzihf udpwGif trSm;rjrifrdyg see myself wrong doing in this act. But I bk&m;/ odkYygaomfvnf; rax&fBuD;rsm;tm; admit it as wrong doing only out of redkaoav;pm;jcif;aMumihf trSm;[k wynhfawmf spect for the elders."

0efcHygonfbk&m;/}}
Actually, it was not an offence. It does not include in any Vinaya Rules. Out of respect for hte elders, he replied; "Venerable Sirs, at that time as I was overwhelmed by sorrow and lamentation, I forgot to ask the Buddha. It was not because of disrespect for the Buddha and the Order. Therefore I myself could not see wrong doing in this case. But I confess it as wrong doing only out of respect for the elders."

odjYk zpfjcif;aMumifh t&Sir[muy f u bk&m;&Sionf rnfonhpnf;urf;Oya'rsm; f f udk qdkvdkawmfrlaMumif;rSm raocsm wpfck wpfavrQ rEIwfy,fvQif taumif;qHk;jzpfvdrfh rnfjzpfaMumif;ESifh rdrwonf q&mocifb&m; d Ykd k &Sif\tvdkawmfESihf qefYusifaqmif&Gufjcif; r[kwonfrm aocsmaMumif;rdeMYf um;awmfryg f S l onf/ odjYk zihf xdupN y;D qH;k oGm;ygonf/ od&m k d Yk wGif rax&fBuD;rsm;u olwdkY\tjrif tjypf jzpfaeaom t&SitmeEm\ vkyaqmifrtcsKd U f f I twGuf pGJcsufwifawmfrlMuygacsonf/ odkY jzih f t&S i f t meE m onf jypf r I i g;ck j zih f pGJcsufwif cH&ygavonf/ pGJcsufwifonhf yxrjypfrIrSm]]ihg&SitmeEm? ihg&Sionf ta&;rBu;D f f onfh ti,fpm;0denf;awmfrsm;rSm bmudkqdkvdk aMumif; bk&m;&Sifudkar;avQmuf&ef ysufuGuf

rax&fBuD;wdkYu 'kwd,jypfcsufudk xyfrH csrSwfawmfrlMujyefonf]]ihg&SiftmeEm? igh&Sifonf bk&m;&Sif \ rdk;a&cHouFef;udkcsKyf&mwGif ajcjzihfeif;xm; NyD; csKyfcJhayonf/ uJhodkYcsKyfjcif;rSm igh&Sif\ tjypfjzpf ihg&Sif0efcHygav}}/ trSeftm;jzihf xdktaMumif;t&mrSm vnf; tjypfr[kwfyg/ odkYaomf t&SiftmeEm u jyefvnfavQmufxm;ygonf/ ]]t&S i f b k & m;wd k Y b k & m;? ouF e f ; \ tjcm;wpf z uf p G e f ; ud k i f x m;ay;rnh f o l wpfa,mufwpfavrQr&Sd xdkuJhodkYvkyfaqmif cJ&ygonfb&m;? bk&m;&Sitm; rav;pm;? rcefY h k f nm; r[kwf&ygaomaMumifh wynfhawmfu jzihf vkyf&yftay: tjypf[krjrifEdkifygbk&m;? odkYayrJh rax&fBuD;rsm;tm; dkaoav;pm;rI

xdaemuf wwd,tjypfukd rax&fBu;D Yk rsm;u aMunmawmfrlMuygonf/ ]]ihg&SitmeEm? igh&ionf trsKd ;orD; f S f rsm;udk bk&m;&Sif\tavmif;awmftm; OD;pGm yxr *g&0jyK&ef cGijfh yKcavNy/ odjYk zpf bk&m; hJ D &Si\tavmif;awmfukd rde;f rom;wd\ rsu&nf f Yk f rsm;jzihf pdkpGwfapcJhonf/ odkYrsuf&nfpdkap jcif;onf igh&i\trSm;jzpf ihg&Si0efcygavmh}}/ S f f H odkYjzpf&um; t&SiftmeEmu jyefvnfajzMum; &jyefyg\/ ]]t&Sifbk&m;wdkYbk&m;? trsdK;orD;rsm; rarSmifciftdrfjyefEdkifMuapvdkaomapwemjzihf xdkodkYjyKcJhjcif;jzpfygonf/ odkYyg jzpf&yf wynhfawmfonf udk,fhudk,fudk trSm;rjrifEdkif aMumif;ygbk&m;/ od&mwGif rax&fBu;D rsm;tay: Yk tav;*kjyKaomtm;jzihfomvQif trSm;[k wynhfawmf0efcHygonfbk&m;/}}

Then the third offence was declared by the elders: "Friend, Ananda, you have allowed the Buddha's body to be first saluted by women, so that the Buddha's body was wetted by their tears. This tearwetness is your misdeed and you admit it". Where on he answered: "Venerable Sirs, it was out of an intention that would enable the women to

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"r0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/ r,fawmf r[mrm,ma'0Dewf&GmpHuHawmfukef oGm;awmfrlaomtcg? wynhfawmf\ta': r[myZmywda*gwrDu bk&m;&Sif\r,fawmf t&if;yrm bk&m;&Sifudk auR;arG;apmihfa&Smuf xd k Y a emuf w G i f rax&f B uD ; rsm;u awmfrlcJhygonfbk&m;/ bk&m;&Sifudk EdkYcsdKwkduf oltay:pwkwpcsuukd wifawmfrMl uygonfY JG f auR;awmfrcygonfb&m;/ xdaMumihyif wynfh l hJ k Yk f ]]ihg&SiftmeEm? bk&m;&Sifu ihg&Sifudk awmfonf r[myZmywda*gwrDESihftrsdK;orD; ruG,raxmuf? ay:ay:xifxifEioomay: f S fh d rsm;twG u f &[ef ; jyK&ef c G i h f j yKcsuf & &S d a pzd k Y vGiaom t&dyt>rufay;awmfrygvsuf ihg&Sif f f l BuKd ;yrf;cJ&jcif;jzpfygaomaMumihf aqmif&uf h G onf bk&m;&Siftm; tm,kuyfywfvHk;wnfae csutay: wynhawmfu,wynfawmf trSm; f f kd f h awmfrlyg&ef avQmufxm;awmif;yefjcif;rjyKcJh [k tjypfrxifEdkifaMumif;ygbk&m;/ odkYyifjzpf ay/ ysuuuronf igh&i\tjypfyifjzpf f G f I S f vihfupm; rax&fBuD;rsm;udk tav;tjrwfjyK ihg&Si0efcvuygavmh/}} t&SitmeEmonf f H dk f f Ny;D trSm;[k wynfawmf0efcygonf t&Sijf rwf h H pGcsurS olu,ol odumuG,awmfrygonf/ J f Y kd f Yk f l wdb&m;/}} Yk k ]]t&SifjrwfBuD;wdkYbk&m;? xdktcsdefu Finally the fifth one was put forwynhawmftm; ylyefaomuESi0rf;enf;ylaqG; ward by the elders:f fh "Friend, Ananda, you have exrIuoaom ]]udavormef}} \ yl;uyfaESmuf,uf hJ Ykd S rI cHcJh&ygonf/ xdkYaMumihf qufvufwnfae erted yourself to procure the admission of . awmfrlyg&ef bk&m;&Sifudk ravQmufxm;ryef Bhikkhuni Samgha. This attempt is your offence and avow it." To this point he exMum;Edicygbk&m;/ odjYk zpf&onfrm wynhawmf plained the elders:k f hJ S f onf bk&m;&Sitm,kuyfywfv;kH wnfaeawmfrl f "Venerable Sirs, my aunt Mahajcif;iSm qEr&Sdr[kwf&aMumif;ygbk&m;/ pajapati Gotami had taken care of our Lord xdaMumihf udp wynhawmftaejzihf trSm; Buddha, as if she were the Buddha's own Yk f - - [k r,lqrdygbk&m;/ odkYaomfrax&fBuD;rsm; mother when the mother Mahamaya Devi passed away; she gave brest-feeding to tm; *g&0w&m;a&SUxm; trSm;[k wynhf the Buddha. Therefore I tried to get this - awmf 0efcHygonfbk&m;/}} permission for Mahapajapati Gotami and
return home before dark. So I cannot see myself wrong doing in this event, but I grant it as wrong doing only owing to respect for the elders." Next the fouth accusation was put on him by the elders: "Friend, A nanda, although the Buddha gave you the plain and broad hints, you did not beg him to live out the life-span. This abscence is your offence and you grant it." To this accusation he defended himself thus:"Venerable Sirs, I had been possessed by 'Kilesa Mara,' such as sorrow and lamentation at that time. So I could not beg the Buddha to remain. It was not because I did not want the Buddha to live out the life- span. Therefore I cannot see myself wrong doing in this case, but I acknowledge it as wrong doing only through respect for the elders." the women to join the Order, and I cannot see my self wrong doing in this act, but I confess it as wrong doing only over the respect for the elders."

33

yif csrway;xm;awmfrconhf 'kw,TeMf um; S f l hJ d csufudk today;wifjyawmfrlygonf/ twd tusqygrl &[ef; ]qE} tay: tjypf'Pfjyif; kd jyif; (jA[mh'Pf) csrSwfawmfrljcif;jzpfygonf/ tpnf;ta0;u t&SiftmeEmudk,fwdkif qHk;jzwfcsufudk qEtm; taMumif;Mum;ap&ef arwm&yfcHvkdufygonf/ jypf'Pfudk t&Sif tmeEmu qEtm; ajymMum;awmfrlaomtcg xdwvefwevyve;f qErm arharsmoGm;yg f Y k f I f G S avonf/ owdjyef&vmavaomf olonf&Suf vGef;vS oHo&mrStNyD;tydkifvGwfajrmufrIudk &&Sd&eftwGuf tm;oGefcGefpdkuf tpGrf;ukef BudK;yrf; tm;xkwfav&m rMumrDyif &[Em t&S i f j rwf B uD ; wpf y g;jzpf o G m ;awmf r l y gav onf/
2. He and the Arahant Channa Subsequently Ananda reported the second instruction that the Buddha had given immediately before his Parinibba -na namely, imposing the higher penalty (Brahamadanda) on the bhikkhu Channa. .. The assembly asked Ananda himself to present this decision to Channa. When he told about this penalty to Channa, who became so horrified that he fainted. When he regained his sense, he was so ashamed that he put forth his strenuous effort for gaining Total Liberation from Samsara and .soon he became an Arahant.

odkYjzihf yxro*Fg,emwifyGJBuD; tawmtwGif; olonf ol\vkyf&yfrsm;udk ckcHumuG,fxkacsjcif;ESihf 0efcHjcif;[laom wpfckESihfwpfckqefYusifbufjzpfNyD; rxl;jcm;em; aom vkyfaqmifrIESpf&yfudk aqmif&Gufawmfrl cJygonf/ xdtjyif vky&yfrwpfqihf rax&f h Yk f S Bu;D rsm;udk olrnfrQav;pm;jrwfE;kd MunfnKd aMumif; ESifh rax&fBuD;rsm;tm; dkaoav;pm;rIaMumifh usdK;EGHpGmtavsmhay;&ef toifh&SdaeaMumif;udk azmfxkwfjyoawmfrlcJhygonf/
Thus during the First Buddhist Council, he had performed two different acts which were contrary each other that defending and confessing his actions. And through this act he showed how he admired and adored the Elders, and his readiness to surrender out of respect for the elders.

xdaMumihf jypf'Pfoufoufonf Yk yifvQif bk&m;&Sify&dedAmefpH0ifawmfrloGm;NyD; onhfwdkif qEtzdkY&m tusdK;w&m;ESihfcsrf;omrI twGuf tusdK;oufa&mufapcJhonfh bk&m;&Sif \ twdkif;rod r[mukPmawmfudk azmfjy vkuygavonf/ t&SiqEonf t&SitmeEm d f f f xHodkY <uoGm;awmfrlNyD; jypf'Pfudkkyfodrf;ay; yg&ef avQmufxm;awmif;yefawmfrlygonf/ xdktcg t&SiftmeEmu tmoa0gw&m;wdrS Yk oluif;Nidr f ; vG w f a jrmuf o G m ;vQif o G m ;csif ; jypf'Pfonf olYtvdkvdkyif &yfpJoGm;NyDjzpf aMumif; olYtm; rdefYMum;awmfrl\/
So this penalty showed itself to be the Buddha's last act of compassion for benefit and happiness of Channa, being effective even after the Buddha's Parinibba -na. Ven. Channa went to Ven. A nanda requested him for a repeal of the penalty. Then Ven. A nanda said him that as soon as he had attained Release from Cankers the penalty itself had ceased instinctively. (To be continue)

aemufqHk;rSm rax&fBuD;rsm;u yr ajrmufpGJcsufudk wifawmfrlMuygavonf/]]ihg&SiftmeEm? ihg&Sifonf bduKeD oHCmudk cGijfh yKcsu&,lay;&eftm;xkwBf uKd ;yrf; f cJhavNyD/ BudK;yrf;rIonf igh&Sif\tjypfjzpf igh&itwdtvif; 0efcygavavmh/}} tcsuf S f H ud k rax&f B uD ; rsm;tm; t&S i f t meE m u 2/ t&S i f t meE m ES i h f & [E m t&S i f q E wqufwnf;rSmyif t&SiftmeEmu &Sif;vif;avQmufxm;onfrSmbk&m;&Sionf y&deAmefp0ifawmfrcgeD;qJqrm f d H l J S ]]t&SifoljrwfwdkYbk&m;? bk&m;&Sif\

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34

"r0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

aowJholu usKyfavmufrembl;As
rd;k aomufMu,f(zm;uef-wdi;f &if;aq;) Y k
aow,f/ tjcm;c&D;onfwpfO;D u 'Pf&mawG eJY twl ql;NcHKay:rSmwifaew,f/ c&D;onf trsm;pkuaoNyD;jzpfwJh oludk jyef&Sifvdk&Sifjim; jyKpkay;aeMuygw,f/ NcHKay:wifaewJh c&D; onfudkawmh owdrxm;rdMuygbl;/ tJ'Dtcg NcHKay:wifaewJh c&D;onf u ]uRefawmfhudkvnf; u,fMuygOD;As? pl ; awG ql ; vk d Y e mvS c snf & J U ? aowJ h o l u d k y J *krpduygeJY Asm/ usKytjzpfuvnf;MunhygOD;/ k f f kd f aowJhol [m usKyfavmufremygbl;Asm? olu toufxuvomaooGm;wm usKyu olxuf G f Ykd f Y ydkemygw,f} wJh/ ]tif; wdu&ifa&0wu pmar;yGom Yk kd J tBud r f B ud r f u swm omraPausmf a wG u olavmufrawmfb;l qdawmh 'Pf&mawGeYJ ql;NcKH Y k ay:u c&D;onfvdk ]aowJholxuf usKyfuydkem w,f} qkdwJh yHkpHrsKd;jzpfaeygyaum} ]bkef;BuD;&JUtjrifajym&&if nHhwJhzsif; wJae&mrSmawmh igYu&ifa&0wu ydawmfw,f h kd k a[h } [k ajymvk d u f & m tjcm;aom ud k & if ausmif;om;wdkYrSm w0g;0g;ESihf yGJusvsuf.../ rd k ; aomuf M u,f ( zm;uef Y - wk d i f ; &if ; aq;) tcsd e f & vQif a omf v nf ; aumif ; rjzpf r ae vkyaqmif&rnftvkywpfc[k oabmxm;um f h f k ukd,fwkdifusifhBuHtm;xkwfNyD; ukd,fykdiftod Pf E S i f h j ynh f p k H u m Ak ' o moem awmf u k d t&dyfrkd;ol? t&dyfrkd;cH&oltjzpfrS uif;vGwfEdkif ygap/ ok w = a&G T o H v G i f

zm;uefYNrdKU&Sd OD;oDvmpm&(yJcl;)wnf remygbl;? olu aovdkYomaowm usKyfu axmifaom NrdKUOD;awm& y&d,wdpmoifwdkuf olYxufydkemygw,f} qdkwmvdkjzpfaeNyDuGJU}} BuD;onf ucsifjynfe,fwGif tvGefemrnfBuD; xdktcg teD;tem;&Sd udk&ifynmeE \ q&mawmf\ oDv? orm"d? ynmodum u (3) yg;ESihf nDTwfrI pdwfapwemaumif;rI? ]]t&Sib&m; wynhawmfwYkd tus,f f k f pnf;urf;aumif;rIrsm;aMumihf tcsdefwdktwGif; uav; odyg&apbk&m;}} rSm rsm;pGmwdk;wufvm\/ ouFef;? qGrf;? aq;? wpfcgwkef;u rdk;nif;bufuaeNyD; ausmif;? ypnf;av;yg;'g,um? 'g,dumrrsm; qd k i f ; awmif a usmuf p d r f ; wG i f ; ud k x G u f v mwJ h vGefpGmaygrsm;\/ um;wpfpif;[m a0ScgywfauGUawmifem;rSm pmoifwdkufBuD;\ yxrqHk;ESpfrSmyif wdrf;arSmufcJhw,f/ c&D;onfwpfOD;yGJcsif;NyD; EdkifiHawmftqifh omraPausmfrsm;ay:xGuf atmifjrifcJhygonf/ zm;uefYNrdKUay:&Sd ausmuf vdIif*lq&mawmfu rdrd\udk&if&Sifa&0wtm; pmrsuf E S m 31 rS yxr yxr i,fwef;tBudrfBudrfusaeojzihf arm*vmefrax&fu odMum;rif;tm; ]tMuifol Yd k f rdrd\ udk&if &Sifa&0wtm; pdwfysufvSayNyD/ wkonf bk&m; w&m; oHCmukd qnf;uyfue\ d l Ykd NrdKUOD;awm&ausmif;rS omraPausmfrsm;udk xkowonf tyg,fav;yg;okYd rvm;rl vl\ twk,Nl y;D BuKd ;pm;&eftBurBf urajymavonf/ ukd,fukdpGefYonf&Sdaomf ewfjynf jynhfpkHpGmjzpf d d f vwHU/ xkdrSwpfyg; ewfjynfjzpfaom touf? xdktcg udk&ifa&0wu ]tJ ' D a usmif ; u ud k & if a wG u tqif;? csrf;om? tNcHt&H? tpkd;&jcif;? ly? omraPausmfomjzpfoGm;wm wynhfawmf o' ? *E ? &o? azm|A q,f y g;wk d Y j zif h Ydk d f k f avmufudk rawmfbl;bk&m;} [kavQmufav\/ o&P*kH rwnfaom ewfwudk vTr;f rk;d Ekiue\} xdktcg q&mawmfu a'govnf; [k today;a[mMum;ygonf/ ok d Y y gaomaMumif h bk & m; w&m; xGuf &,fvnf;&,fcsifvsuf ]tif; a&0w rif;tjzpfu pmar;yGJ oHCm &wemjrwfokH;yg;ukd ESvkH;om;rSm pl;epf om tBudrfBudrfusaewm avuawmh vHk;0 aeatmif taoG;tom;rSmpdrfh0ifae atmif ravQmhygvm;? rif;ajymyHkuuGm [dkwkef;u todpdwfrSm oefYpifaeatmif ckdifrm uspfvspf a0S c gbuf r S m um;arS m uf a wmh od & S d a eEk d i f z k d Y t wG u f w&m;emjcif ; ? w&m; c&D ; onf w pf O D ; ajymwJ h p um;vd k j zpf a eNyD ? pmayrsm;ukd zwfIjcif;? ar;jref;jcif;? aqG;aEG; tJ'Dc&D;onfu ]aowJhol[m usKyfavmuf jcif;rsm;ukd tcsdef,l aomfvnf;aumif;?

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

35

b0ed*kH; tNyKH;yef;qif
trSwrm;? txifrm;aeaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ f S S rdrw\ aqGrsK;d rsm; xJrS b0wpfck ed*;Hk yki;f wGif d Ykd d ema&;vkdufykdYMu&if; oHa0*Pfr,lEkdifbJ &if b wf p nf w D ; jzif h ab;rS v l E S p f a ,muf w G J ,l&atmif ikdyGJqifaeMuonf/ w&m;rod? todw&m;r&Sdygu olwpfyg;\b0ed*kH;tqkH; owfyGJrSm ikdyGJqif&kHomru pma&;ol tyg t0if avmuvlom;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\b0 wpf c k e d * k H ; tqk H ; owf y g id k y G J q if M u&rnf r S m aocsmvS a yonf / b0wpf c k \ ed * k H ;wG i f ik d y G J t pm; tNyKH ; yef ; vS v S q if E k d i f atmif BuKdwifjyifqifxm;Mu&rnf/ b0ed*kH; tNyKH; yef;qifEkdifaom taumif;qkH;w&m;? tom vGeq;Hk aomw&m;rSm 0dyemw&m; jzpfonf/ f trGefjrwfqkH;ESifh usufoa&r*Fvm &Sywudk rlvyPmoygVdawmf ,ru0*f? r[m d Hk Ydk a*god*Fokwfawmfvm jrwfbk&m;ESihfwuG t* om0u? t*r[mom0u paom rax&fjrwf wkdY csD;rGrf;ajymqkdykHrsm;ukd pmzwfoltaygif;ukd wifjyvkygonf/ d tcgwpf y g; t&S i f o m&d y k w & m rax&fjrwfonf tifMuif;awmBuD;ukdMunhfNyD; vQif tifMuif;awmBuD;onf azG;azG;vIyfrQ tzl;tyGiwjYdk zihf wpfavmuvk;H wifw,fcsif hf h I pzG,fjzpf MunfEl;arGUavsmfzG,fjzpfaeyg\/ odYk vSywifw,fvsu&aom tifMuif;awm h f dS BuD;ukd onfxufykd a0qm? usufoa&tjzm jzmwkdYESifh jynhfpkHaeap&ef rnfodkYjyKvkyf&aomf ydkaumif;rnfxifygoenf;}}[l taygif;yg usefrax&fjrwfwkdYtm; ar;awmfrlavonf/ xktcg rax&fjrwfwu rdrwtjrif d Ydk d Ykd toD;oD;ukd jyefvnfavQmufwifcJhMuygonf/ wpfyg;csif;pD\ avQmufxm;csufrsm;rSmrax&f 1/ t&SiftmeEmrax&- ]]t&Sifbk&m; tp tv,f tqk;H aumif;jcif;ok;H jzmESijfh ynhpaom f Hk w&m;awmf w k d Y u k d a[majymem,l M uNyD ; vQif 0dyembm0emukd yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaeygu okdY vSywifhw,f IUcsifpzG,fjzpfaeaom tifMuif;awmBu;D um; ykyif usuoa&ESihf d f jynh f p k H aernf o mjzpf y gonf b k & m;[l avQmufxm;avonf/ 2/t&Sifa&0wrax&f-]]orxukd tm;xkwf

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

36

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37

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

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onfrSwpfcg aysmfaMumif;&Sm? wufcJhygayhg wm0wd Hom? ewfjynfewf&Gm ESpfpkpk? tv,fykdif; olrif;jyK/ odMum;rif;BuD; pkaw&Sm? okH;uka#ajcmufoef;ESpftMum/ aemufa&mufvm xkdodMum;? olvnf; pkawoGm;/ xkdenf;tm;jzifh aemufa&mufvm? odMum;rif;wkdY pkaw&Sm/ tm;vkH;aygif;um pm&if;aumuf?

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ onfowif;rSefrcRif;csef rjzwfrawmufrl&if;trSef/ jynfolod&efxkwfjyefMu tJh'gaemufqHk;ighqE/ /) twd w f \ yH k & d y f ,ck a zmf j yygZmwf u d k tcgwpf y g; jrwfpmbk&m;&Sif aZw0efausmif;awmf oDwif; G oHk;cdkuf]]omoemawmfwGifNiD;aiGUonfqdkaom &[ef;wpfyg;}}udtaMumif;jyK a[mMum;awmf k rljcif;jzpfonf/ xd&[ef;onf om0wdj ynfwi;f qGr;f cH k G <u\/ xkdpOfrdef;rwpfOD;udkjrif ESpfouf aomaMumif h omoemawmf NiD ; aiG U vm\/ w&m;obif tjcm;aom&[ef ; wd k Y o nf xd&[ef;\taMumif;udk ajymjyavQmufxm;\/ k bk&m;&Sifu 4if;&[ef;ukd ]]olwdkY\pum;rSm trS e f j zpf o avm}}[k a r;&m &[ef ; uvnf ; ]]rS e f y gaMumif ; k d ; om;pG m jyef ajzonf } } xd k t cgjrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f u ? ]]umrwPS m qdkonf ork'&m BuD;tvm; rnfonfhtcgrQ jynf h o nf r &S d / a&S ; a&S ; urif ; wd k Y r S m uRef ; av;uRe;f udyiqi&onfh pMu0aw;rif;jzpf k kd f kd f umrwPSmudk tpGrf; ukefcHpm; pHpm;apumrl? ,if ; rQjzif h rwif ; wd r f E d k i f / xd k Y a Mumif h pwkr[m&mZfewf jynfwGif ewfrif;tjzpfoGm; a&mufcHpm; avonf/ odkYaomfvnf;xdkrQjzifh rauseyfjyef wm0wd HomodMum;rif;&Sd&modkY wpfqifhwuf odMum;rif;vdkcHpm;jyefonf/ xd k r Qavmuf a om umrwPS m ud k c H p m;& aomfjim;? 4if;onf tvdkrjynfhonfjzpf aemufqHk;xdkpdwfjzifhyif aoukef\/ oif& [ef;vnf; rnfonfhtcgusrS umrwPSm udk jynf h a pEd k i f r nf v J [k a r;um? ,ck u J h o d k Y twdwfZmwfudk rdefY>rufawmfrlygonf/ urmOD;wGi?f r[morwrif; rif;jyK&m 4if; om;awmf(5)yg;&Sd\/ xdktxJrS]]rEmwk}} rnf a omom;awmf w pf y g;onf &wem ckepfoG,f ESifhtwl? wefcdk;av;yg;udk ydkifqdkif oljzpf\/ aemifpMu0aw;rif;jzpfvmonf/ 4if;tvd& awmifwvdujkH zifh rd;k aumif;uif k dS h k f rS &wemrd;k wdYk NzKd iNf zKd iusapEdionftpGr;f &S\/ f k f h d xdrif;]]uav;b0tESp&paomif;av;axmif}} k f S f aeum? tdrfa&SUrif;b0]]tESpf&Spfaomif;av; axmif}} yifxyfaejyefNyD;? pMu0aw;rif; b0wGifvnf;? tESpf&Spfaomif;av;axmifyif ae\/ ol\toufrSm toacsF,syifjzpfawmh onf/ wpfaeYaomtcgwGif 4if;\umrqE wd k Y t vd k r jynf h o nf j zpf rnf o nf h t &yf umr*kPfwdkY arGUavsmf&m&Sdoenf;[k trwfwdkY tm;ar;vQif trwfwu ]]ewfjynf}} jzpfaMumif; Ykd avQmufxm;\/ xdkYaMumifh rEmwkrif;onf &xm;ysHjzifh pwkr[m&mZfewfjynfodkYwuf\/ "mwkr[m&mZfewfrif;wdu? ewfyef; ewfeom Yk YH wduuip xdrif;udBk uKd qMkd uonf/ rEmwkrif; Yk kd kd f JG k onf pwkr[m&mZfewfjynf umv &SnfMum pGmrif;jyK umrpnf;pdrfudkcHpm;av onf/ wG i f v nf ; umvMumaomf xk d a e&m xufaumif;aom ae&mukd tvkd&Sdjyefonf/ okjYd zifh odMum;rif;pH&m ewfjynfowufvsuf Ydk odMum;rif;pnf;pdrudk odMum;rif;ESifh wGzufum f J cHpm;jyefonf/ olEifh wGzuftyp;dk aom odMum; S J k f rif;onf okH;uka#ajcmufoef;aomESpf pkaw \/ aemufxyf odMum;rif;wpfa,muf xyf a&mufvmonf/ okdY aomtpOfjzifh okH;usdyf ajcmufa,mufaom odMum;rif;wkYd wufa&muf vmMuNyD; pkawom oGm;Muaomfjim;? vlYjynfrS vl t jzpf j zih f v maom rE m wk r if ; um; ewf p nf ; pd r f cH p m;vsuf & S d w k e f ; yif j zpf \ / olonf aemufxyf wufvmaom odMum;rif; ES i f h ewf p nf ; pd r f u k d rQa0cH p m;&onf u k d rwif;wdrfjzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh xkdodMum;rif;tm; owf&efBuHpnf\/ okdYaomf olYtBuHtpnfrSm ratmifjrifcJhyg/ okjYd zihf olonfvnf; wjznf;jznf; jzihf tkdrif;vmcJh\/ ]tkd} &mrS ]em} vmcJh onf/ ]em} &mrS aozkdYjzpfvmonf/ ewfjynf wGif vltaejzifh uG,fvGefr&/ vlonf vlYjynfomjyef uG,fvGef&rnf/ xkdYaMumihf ol o nf ewf b k H r S avsmusum rd r d a e&m jzpfaom vlYjynf&Sd O,smOfokdY oufqif;us a&muf&av onf/ if;ukd O,smOfrSL;jzpfolu awGUrif;aqG rif;rsKd;rsm;ESihf rSL;BuD;rwf&mrsm;

39

ukd oGm;a&muf owif;ykdYonf/ csufcsif;yif tm;vkH;a&mufvm Muonf/ rSL;rwfrsm;u if;wk\rif;Bu;D ukd ajymMum;p&m&Su ajymMum; Yd d rS m Mum;zk d Y avQmuf xm;awmif ; yef o nf / xk d t cgusrS rif ; BuD ; u atmuf y gtwk d i f ; rSMum;oGm;avonf/ ]]rE m wk r if ; rnf a om igonf uRef;i,fESpfaxmif0kdif;&Hvsuf&Sdaom uRef;BuD; av;uRef;ukd ykdifqkdif&onhf pMu0aw;rif; jzpfcJhonf/ pMu0aw;rif;tjzpf ESpfaygif; rsm;pGm aomfvnf;aumif;? pwkr[mewfjynf ewfwkdY\ tBuD;tuJtjzpf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm vnf ; aumif ; ? wm0wd H o mewf j ynf w k d i f atmifyifwuf odMum;rif;tjzpf ESpfaygif; rsm;pG m vnf ; aumif ; ? umr*k P f p nf ; pd r f taygif;ukd cHpm; pHpm;cJh&ygaomfjim; rdrd\ umr&m*qEwkdYonf jynfhonf[lr&SdcJhbJ pkawuG,fvGefcJhayonf[k wkdif;oljynfom; rsm;tm; rdrdajymcJhorQ pum;wkdYukd rcRif;rcsef owif;trSeudk jyefvnf ajymMum;ygav}} [k f rSmMum;um uHukefawmf rl\/ Zmwf a ygif ; vQif jrwf p G m bk & m;\ a'oemawmftqkH; omoemawmfukd NiD;aiGU onfqkdaom &[ef;rSm aomwmyefjzpfoGm; onf/ wpfjcm;aom &[ef;rsm;pGmonfvnf; aomwmyefjzpfukefMu\/ [kd,cifu ]rEmwk}} rif;jzpfolum; ,ck igbk&m;awmfyifwnf;[k Zmwfaygif;awmfrlygonf/ aZmf a emf usrf ; uk d ; ig;&mhig;q,fZmwf (rEmwkZmwf) (anmifuefq&mawmf)

apwD ykx;dk ausmif; "rmkH toD;oD;wkwif Yd G ukov,l aqmif&uaeMuolrsm;twGuf dk f G f wuovoQio&(r[mo'raZmwdu"Z) dk f f D d a&;om;aom @mawmf a*gyuESihf Ak'b@mawm pmtkyxuNf yD f G
pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf rsufESmzkH;zGifhjyKcsuftrSwf 3207461107 3203320708

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THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

The Noble Advice ever given to Mankind

By Dhamma Vi-ra Thandar Aung , ITBM University, Yangon,

vlom;wdtwGuf tjrihjf rwfq;kH aom b0vrf;Tef Yk

" r 0D & - o Em atmif
(1) dire poverty; (2) need to work incessantly; (3) hunger and starvation; (4) wishes being unfulfilled; (5) loss of fortunes; (6) destruction at the hands of the five enemies.

(,cif t ywf r S t quf )

The gravity of the offense will very according to the morality and conduct of the owner and the value involved. Committing the offense of theft results in being consigned to the woeful states and to suffer the following evil consequences in successive existences:-

3/ umarok r d p m pm&- umr*k P f w d k Y rS m ;,G i f ; pG m usih f j cif ; a,musfm;rsm;taejzihf? rdrd\ZeD;r,m;rSwpfyg; usefrdef;rrsm; ESihf usL;vGefazmufjym;jcif;onfvnf;aumif;? rdef;rrsm;taejzihfvnf; rdrd\cifyGef;onfrSwpfyg; tjcm;a,musfm;rsm;ESifh azmufjym;jcif;onf vnf;aumif;? tvGeftjypfBuD;av;aom umarokrdpmpm&jzpfonf/ umarokrdpmpm&usL;vGefygu atmufygqdk;usdK;rsm;ESihf BuHK awGU&rnfjzpfonf/ (1) tyg,fav;yg;odkY vm;&jcif;/ (2) rdef;ry@Kwfjzpf&jcif;/ (3) &efolESihfawGU&jcif;/ (4) vltrsm;rkef;jcif;/ (5) tpm;t0wf tdyf&mae&m&cJjcif;/ (6) qif;qif;&J&J tdyf&Edk;&jcif;/ (7) trsufa'goBuD;jcif;/ (8) avmukw&mw&m; r&&SdEdkifjcif;/ (9) pnf;pdrfOpmysufjyKef;&jcif;/ (10) ,HkMunfrIuif;rJhcH&jcif;/ (11) ab;awGU&jcif;/ (12) ,HkrSm;oHo,rsm;jcif;/ (13) cspfolwdkYESihf cGJae&jcif;/ (14) toufwdkjcif;/ (15) qif;&JBuD;pGmawGU&jcif;/
- 3. Ka mesumiccha ca ra, Sexual misconduct. Misconduct in sexual relations. A man having sex with a woman other than his wife, or a woman having sex, with another

pmrsuf E S m 18 ok d Y