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Address
Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

vIiMf unfjzL"r0&pmaywkuf d D d zke;f - 0980 23992? 0950 01401? 01-507208 rk;d aumif;uifpmay? trSw(f 134)? tcef;(6)? 36-vrf;(v,f)? ausmufwwm;NrKd e,f? &efueNf rKd /YU H U k zke;f -01-253255 xGe;f OD;pmay(rEav;) zke;f 02-39801

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EDITORIAL
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FORE ARTICLES

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FORE ARTICLES
"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ c&D ; rS tNyD ; vG w f a jrmuf a tmif ul ; cwf &m\/ Oyrmtm;jzif h ]a&0if a eaomavS r S a&rsm;uk d z ,f & S m ; cwf x k w f N yD ; wpf z uf urf ; ok d Y ta&muf v S r f ; um ul ; cwf o G m ; ouJhokdY} jzpfav\/ Ak'bk&m;\Oyrmrsm;jzihfa[mMum; csufw&m;ukd Mum;em&aomtcg v,fukda& vTrf;ojzihf pD;yGm;ysufcef;BuKHum ,lBuKH;r& tylvkH;<uvsuf cHpm;csufjyif;xefaeaom v,form;onf ol\&ifwi;f rS ylyefaomursm; G ]aevm ESi;f aysmuf} [lboYdk uif;pifviaysmuf d G hf oGm;avonf/ v,f o rm;omru ZeD ; r,m;jzpf ol y g w&m;tjrif t vif ; ayguf u m ES p f a ,muf o m; aomwmyef r sm;jzpf o G m ; cJ h M uavownf ; / Op " euk d &S m azG y g/ &S m azG &vmaom Op m "e0w K tmkHwkdYukd owd? ynmjzifh okH;aqmifEkdifMu ygap/ okwedygwf? t|u0*f? umrokwfukd ukd;um; a&;om;onf/ earm or m or K ' rk H & G m aeZm

Ak'*wum D d
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(kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) or [ k v oD v m'd o r E bd u K 0w K

Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0wdjynf aZw0efausmif;awmf aeawmfrlaomtcg oDv&Sdukefaom? "lwifaqmufwnfukefaom A[kokwrsm;ukefaom? awmausmif;aeukef aom tem*grfjzpfueaom &[ef;wkonf t&[wzvf cufconfr[kw/ ,lvaom cP &tyf\/ k f Yd kd J f dk rcufNy[k avQmuf&mwGif xk&[ef;ukd qk;H rawmfrjl cif;iSm ]]e oDvAwrawe}} paom ESp*gxmukd D d f a[mawmfrlonf/ e oDvAwrawe? A[kape 0g ye/ tx 0g orm"dvmabe? 0d0dwo,aee 0g/ zkomrd aeurokcH? tykxkZeao0dwH/ bduK 0dmoryg'd? tyawm tmo0u,H/ jref r muAsm usifhoDv&Sd rsm;bdMum;jrif? jrwform"d wnf&SdkHyif? qdwfNidrf&m&yf rSDuyfckd0if? aekHjzifh roifha&mifh&Jtif/ ykxkZOfrsm; rSSDjim;rwef? tem*grfwef; zkdvfcsrf;omrSef? &kHrQjzifh tm;&r[ef? udavcef; &[ef;jzpfrS[ef/
Not only by mere morality nor again by much learning, nor even by gaining concentration, nor by lonely lodging, (thinking) "I enjoy the bliss of renunciation not resorted to by the worlding", (not with these) should you, O bhikkhu, rest content without reaching the extinction of the corruptions.

uH u k d Pf E S i h f j yKjyif a y;yg
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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\ "r&wemrsm;udk vdkufemusihfoHk;rI rygbJ awG;ac:BuHpnfNyD; zsufqD;aeMuygonf/ t&S i f r [muy rax&f o nf omoemawmf aemufydkif;ay:aygufvmrnfh tpm;acsmif taeacsmifvdkY 0ifa&mufvmaom okb'&[ef;? "rudk BuHpnfawG;ac:aeHkrQjzihf auseyfaeaom t&d|&[ef;uJhodkYaom wuD orm;wdYk ab;&efukd umuG,Ei&ef t&SnarQmf f dk f f bk&m;&Sif y&deAmefpawmfrNl y;D p oAy&d,wd d H "& yk*Kd vjf rwfrsm; tjynftpH&aecse vufO;D h k dS d f rI &atmif "r&wemrsm;udk oH*g,emwif&ef tpD t pOf u d k Bud K Bud K wif w if t a&;ay: aqmif&Gufawmfrljcif;jzpfygonf/ t&S i f r [muyax&f O D ; aqmif aom oH * g,emwif rax&f j rwf w d k Y o nf aqmifrSwf&m vG,fulap&ef jrwfAk'yg0pe wd k Y u d k "r 0d e ,[k a&S ; OD ; pG m owf r S w f awmfrlcJhMuygonf/ xdkwGif 0de,tkyfpkudk a&G;xkwf a&S;OD;pGm oH*g,emwif twnfjyK awmfrlygonf/ xdkYaemuf "rudk okw tbd"r[k ESpfpkcGJNyD; tbd"rrS <uif;aom okwudk- 'DCedum,=&Snfvsm;pGm a[mawmfrltyf aom okwfrsm; (34-okwf) -rZdredum,=r&Snfrwdk a[mawmfrltyfaom okwfrsm;/ (152-okwf) -oH , k w e d u m,= w&m;oabmtm;jzih f vnf;aumif;wlonfjzpf ,SOfwGJ oihfaom ok w f r sm;ud k ,S O f w G J x m;aom ok w f r sm; (7762-okw) f -t*Fkw&edum,=t*FgwpfckpD ausmfvGefaom okwfrsm; okdYr[kwf wpfyg; ESpfyg;oHk;yg; tp &Sdaom tm;jzihf 11-rsKd;txd w&m;oabm t*Fg&yfrsm;udk wdk; wdk; ausmfvGefydkrdkjyqdk tyfaom okwfawmfrsm;/ (9557-okwf) -ck'uedum,= twdi;f t&Snf yrmP tm;jzihf k wdkaom okwfawmfrsm;[k tkyfpk ig;pk cGJjcm; owfrSwfNyD; oH*g,emwif twnfjyKMuyg onf/ odkYvQif jrwfAk'yg0pewdkYonf- qif;&J'kurS vGwfajrmufjcif;[laom 0drkwd &otm;jzihf 1-yg;?

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10

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11

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CONDITIONAL RELATIONS OF THE CAUSE OF WORLDLY PHENOMENA

12

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jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf oreE&ypnf;\ yp,eda'oudk a[mawmfrlonf\ tjcm;rJh o[ZmwwdrsKd;twGif; yg&Sdonfh o[Zm w ypnf;\ yp,eda'oudk a[mawmfrlonf/ o[Zmw ypa,mwd? pwma&mcEm? tlydaem tnrnH? o[Zmw ypa,e ypa,m/ pwma&m r[mblwm tnrnH o[Zmw ypa,e ypa,m/ MouEduaP emrlyH tnHrnH o[Zmw ypa,e ypa,m/ pdwapwodum "rm pdwork|memeH lygeH o[Zmw ypa,e yp a ,m/ r[mblwm Oyg'glygeH o[Zmw ypa,e ypa,m/ lyaem "rm tlyeH "rmeH udumav o[Zmw ypa,e ypa,m/ d D d udumave o[mZmw ypa,e ypa,m/ d o[Zmw yp a ,mwd - o[Zmwyp n f ; [l o nf u m;? pwma&m-av;yg;ukefaom? tlydaem-emrfjzpfukefaom? cEm-a0'em uEm? onmuEm? ocFg&uEm? 0dnmPuEmwdkYonf tnrnH-tcsif; csif;? o[Zmw ypa,e-twlwuGjzpfMuonhf o[Zmwowdjzihf? ypa,m Oyum&aum-wuGjzpfrIaus;Zl;jyKonf? a[mwd-jzpfay\/ pwma&m-av;yg;ukefaom? r[mblwm-yx0D? tmayg? awaZm? 0ga,m[kqtyfaom r[mbkwwonf? tnrnH-tcsi;f csi;f kd f Ykd o[Zmwypa,e-twlwuGjzpfMuonfh o[Zmwowdjzihf? ypa,m -Oyum&aum-wuGjzpfrI aus;Zl;jyKonf? a[mwd-jzpfay\/ MouEduaP-ya0gum& y#doaEcP? emrlyH-y#doaE emruEmESihf [',0wKkyfonf? tnrnH-tcsif;csif;? o[Zmwyp a,e-twlwuGjzpfMuonfh o[Zmwowdjzihf? ypa,m Oyum&aum -wuGjzpfrI aus;Zl;jyKonf? a[mwd-jzpfay\/ pdwapwodum-pdwfapwodufjzpfukefaom? "rm-emruEm w&m;av;yg;wdkYonf? pdwork|memeH-pdwfvQifjzpfaMumif; &Sdukefaom? lyge-pdwZky?f y#doaEurZkywtm;vnf;aumif;? o[Zmwypa, f Ykd e-twlwuGjzpfMuonfh o[Zmwyp,owdjzihf? ypa,m Oyum& aum- wuGjzpfrIaus;Zl;jyKonf? a[mwd-jzpfay\/ r[mblwm-yx0D? tmayg? awaZm? 0ga,m[kqdktyfaom r[mbkwfwdkYonf? Oyg'glygeH- twlwuGjzpfMuaom Oyg'gkyfwdkYtm;? o[Zmwypa,e-twlwuGjzpfMuonfh o[Zmwyp,owdjzihf? yp a,m Oyum&aum-wuGjzpfrIaus;Zl;jyKonf? a[mwd-jzpfay\/ lyaem-kyjf zpfueaom? "rm-[',0wKywonf? tlyed k f k f Ykd D H emrf jzpfukefaom? "rmeH-ya0gum& y#doaEemruEmwdkYtm;? udd umav-y#doaEumv? o[mZmw ypa,e-twlwuG jzpfMuonfh o[Zmwyp , owd j zih f ? yp a ,m Oyum&aum-wuG j zpf r I aus;Zl;jyKonf? a[mwd-jzpfay\/ udumav- y0wdumv? o[Zmwypa,e-twlwuG jzpfMuonfh o[Zmwowdjzihf? ypa,m Oyum&aum-wuGjzpfrI aus;Zl;jyKonf? ea[mwd-rjzpfay/ rS w f o m;vG , f & ef t&trd u suf aqmif y k ' f v uF m 1/ emrfcEmrsm;? bkwfav;yg;? jzpfjim;o[ ypnf;&/ 2/ y#doaE? ['a,? rswfavo[? ypnf;&/ 3/ emrfcEmum;? kyfw&m;? jzpfjim;o[ ypnf;&/ 4/ r[mblwm? Oyg'g? rSwfygo[ ypnf;&/ 5/ wuGjzpfNyD;? csKyfysufpD;? Ienf;tedp yGm;rsm;Mu/ wpf e nf ; rS w f o m;&ef r S w f p k (1) wuGjzpfonfh emrfcEmtcsif;csif;ESifh pdwZkyf? y#doaE urZkyf wdkYtm; aus;Zl;jyK\/ (2) kyfr[mbkwftcsif;csif;ESihf Oyg'gkyftm; aus;Zl;jyK\/ (3) y#doaEESihf [',0wKkyftcsif;csif; aus;Zl;jyK\/ a&S; jyqdcaom teE&ypn;f u tusO;f csKyenf;ESifh ky0xd k hJ f f D emrf0DxdwdkYtwGJvdkuf jzpfMuonfhtpOfudk jycJhonfhtwdkif;? wNydKifeuf jzpfMuaom emrfcEmav;yg;wdkYuvnf; tcsif;csif; o[Zmw owdjzihf aus;Zl;jyKMu\/ wuGjzpfaom kyfr[mbkwfav;yg;wdkYuvnf; tcsif; csif; o[Zmwowdjzifh aus;Zl;jyKMu\/ ya0gum& y#doaEemruEmESihf [',0wKkyfwdkYuvnf; tcsif;csif;o[Zmwowdjzihf? tcsKdUaom y#doaEtcgrSmom aus;Zl;jyKMuukef\/ y0wdtcgrSm aus;Zl;rjyKMuukef/ kyfudkjzpfapwwfaom emruEmwdkYu if;pdwZkyfwdkYtm; o[Zmwowdj zihf aus;Zl;jyKMu\/ ya0gum& y#doaEemruEmwdu Yk vnf; twlwuGjzpfaom y#doaEurZkyfwdkYtm; o[Zmwowdjzifh aus;Zl;jyKMuukef\/ odkYaus;Zl;jyKaeMuaom y|mef;a'oemawmft& wdkYudk odapvdk ]]o[Zmwypa,mwd? pwma&m cEm tlydaem? tnrnH? o[Zmw ypa,e ypa,m}} ponfjzihf jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrl onfhtwdkif; rSwfvG,faqmifvG,fMu&ef &nfoef aqmifyk'f vuFm ]]emrfcEmrsm;? bkwfav;yg;? jzpfjim;o[? ypnf;&}} ponfjzihf a&;om;azmfjytyfygonf/ emrf c E m k y f c E m wd k i f ; rS m y|mef ; w&m;rsm;jzpf a eyH k a&SUujyqdkcJhNyD;aom y|mef;o[Zmwypnf;wdkY emrfcEm kycEmwdi;f rSm vufawGUrsuawGUtm;jzihf jzpfaeMuonfukd rjrifrodol f k f wdu y|mef;w&m;qdonfrm wu,ftxufwef;w&m;Bu;D jzpf tvGef Yk k S h w&mjrif h j rwf a om w&m;jzpf a vaomaMumih f vl Y j ynf v l Y X merS m ra[mMum;bJ wm0wd HomewfjynfrSm a[mMum;awmfrlonfjzpfojzihf vlwdkYESihf rtyfpyfaom w&m;toGifxifrSwfaeolrsm;vnf; &SdaeMu\/

CONDITIONAL RELATIONS OF THE CAUSE OF WORLDLY PHENOMENA

"r0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ kyfrSeforQ y|mef;w&m;tppfjzpfonfudk od&Sdem;vnfaeMu olwdkYu if;rjrifrodMuolwdkYtm; a[h...a[h rif;wdkY y|mef;w&m; tppfBuD;rsm;udk wufeif;xm;Muyguvm;[k ajymqdkygu if;wdkY\ ajcaxmufrsm;udk ajrmuf ckeaygufMuNy;D b,frm igwdy|mef;w&m;udk f S Yk eif;xm;MuygrvJ[k jyefvnfajymMum;Murnfjzpfonf/ ]]at;....tckrif;wdkYeif;xm;wJh atmufajcu ajrjyif? Murf;jyif? zsm? oifzsL;? aumfaZmpwmawG[m? kyfy|mef;w&m;ppfppf awGjzpfwmudk? jrwfpGmbk&m;u odapvdkawmfrlonfjzpf ]]pwma&m r[mblwm? tnrnH o[Zmw ypa,e ypa,m}} vdkYa[mawmfrlyg w,f}} vdkY &Sif;jy&rvdkjzpfaeygonf/ ,ckuREfkyfwdkYtm;vHk; eif;xm;Muonfh uvmyfwdkif;rSmygonfh cuf r myx0D ? zG J U pnf ; tmayg? at;vQif oD w awaZm? Nid r f v Qif axmufuef0ga,mwdkYjzpfaeonf/ wu,fawmh y|mef;w&m;tppfrsm; udk eif;xm;MuwmyJ[kaocsm*e &Sif;jyygrS ESdrfhcsaom pdwf"mwf&SdolwdkY u ]]aMomf...y&rwfppf y|mef;w&m;awGqdkwm txufewfjynfrSm a[mMum;awmfrlaomfvnf; txufewfjynfrSmom&Sdonfh w&m;rsm; r[kwfrlbJ igwdkY vlYjynfvlYavmurS ajcmuf'Gg&ponfwdkYrSm jzpfaeMu onfh emrfcEmkyfcEm[lorQ xdkxdkt&yfwdkif;rSm taumiftxnfj'yf ynwfwdkYtwGif; wif;usrf;jynhf&SdaeMuaom kyf"mwfuvmyfwdkif;[m tbd"rmy&rwftppf y|mef;w&m;awG jzpfaeMuyguvm;}} [k odjrif em;vnfMuayvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ o[Zmwyp n f ; 0d y emI E d k i f M uap&ef o[Zmwypnf; 0dyemIvdkMuaom a,m*DwdkYonf xdkxdkpMu0Vm o0dnmPu t0dnmPujzpfysuf aeMuonfh urm avmuBu;D tm;vH;k wd b,fyb,femrfrqdk o[Zmwypn;f ESiuif; Yk k f fh jzpfjcif;r&SMd uuke/ o[Zmwypn;f taMumif; &rSomvQif jzpfay:aeMu f NyD;rS cPwdkif; cPwdkif;wdkYrSm toD;oD;csKyfysufaeMuygaomfvnf; omrmefvpm;wdtzdYk cPysutedpukd rIEiMf uaomaMumih?f oEwysuf l Yk f dk d tedpudkom IMuukef&m\/ xdkoEwdysuftedprSmvnf; rdrdwdkY pdwfwGif aMumifaMumifBuD; xifjrifEkdifaom a&S;ujycJhonfh nmvSrf;vSrf;vdkygaomf wuGjzpfay: onfhpdwfESihf nmvSrf;? udk,ftrlt&mysuf/ b,fvSrf;vSrf;vdkaomf wuG jzpfay:aompdwEifh b,fvr;f ? ud,trlt&mysuponf oGm;wdi;f oGm; f S S k f f k wdi;f vSr;f wdi;f vSr;f wdi;f ud,pwtrlt&mysuwukd PfEifh xifatmif k k k k f d f f Ykd S jrifatmifMunhf ]]tedp? tedp? tedp}} [k Ium oGm;Muukef&m\/ jzpf a ysmuf y suf Pf E S i h f vd k u f I M unh f M u&ef xdkYtwl &yfvdkaom wuGjzpfonfhpdwfESihf &yfkyftrlt&m xdivaomwuGjzpfonfh pdwEifh xdiytrlt&m? tdyvaom wuGjzpf k f kd f S k f k f f kd onfh pdwfESihf tdyfkyftrlt&m xGufoufavudk tjyifzufodkY Ixkwfvkd aom wuGjzpfonfhpdwfESihf wpfudk,fvHk; HIUoGm;onfh trlt&m? 0ifouf avudk twGif;odkY dIufoGif;vdkaom wuGjzpfonfh pdwfESihf wpfudk,fvHk; yG<uvmonfh udk,fkyftrlt&mpaom udk,ftrlt&m trsKd;rsKd;? ajymqdk vkonfwuGjzpfaom pdwEifh ajymkytrlt&m trsK;d rsK;d paom rdrPf d h f S f d rSmxif&Sm;odomonfh udk,fpdwftrlt&m? EIwfpdwftrlt&mtjzmjzmwdkY jzpfay:jzpfay:vmMuNy;D aemuf aysmufaysmuf? ysuysuvuaeMuaom f f dk f jzpfaMumif;ysufaMumif;wkdYukd PfESihf rdrdIMunhfMuum ]tedp? tedp? tedp} [k xifjrifEkdifatmif BudK;pm;Muapvdkygonf/ uJoYkd xifjrifEiatmif IMunhMf uygu xdxemrfoEwysuf h dk f k kd d

13

wdkYtwGif;rSm o[mZmwypnf;ysufwdkYvnf; tukefygaeNyD;om; jzpfMu yHkudk odapvdkyg (wuGjzpfNyD;? csKyfysufpD;? Ienf;tedp? yGm;rsm;Mu) [k a&SUuaqmifyk'frSm azmfjycJhygonf/ onfwdkYum; ]]y|mef;a'oem 0dyem usifhpOf"r}} udk Ienf;yGm;rsm;enf;wdkYESihfwuG tusOf;rQ azmfjycsufjzpfayonf/ azmfjyyg ypnf;wdkYonfum; y|mef;a'oem o[Zmw ypnf;rsKd;csnf;jzpfay\/ ypnf;rsKd; wpfq,hfig;ypnf; oabmwl&&Sd Muonfhtjzpfudk a&SUuazmfjycJhNyD;jzpfaom a[wkypnf;wGif &Sif;jycJhyg onf/ wGif o[Zmwypn;f Ny;D pD;HrQru tnrn ypn;f wdvnf; k Yk o[Zmwypn;f emrfemrfcsi;f aus;Zl;jyKykH r[mbkwtcsi;f csi;f aus;Zl; f jyKyHk? y#doaEcEmESihf [',0wKcsif; aus;Zl;jyKyHk? oHk;csufwdkY yg0ifNyD; jzpfavonf/ ]]teEe, orErnfrSef; y|mef;usrf;BuD;\ 0dyemusihfpOf "renf;edo,udk BudK;pm;usihfaqmifatmifjrifawmfrlEkdifMuygapvdkY..}} [H o m0wD - OD ; tk e f ; Bud K if pmrsufESm 11 rS jrwf p G m bk & m; tm,k o cF g &vT w f a wmf r l a omtcsd e f jrwfpGmbk&m; tm,kocFg&vGwfawmfrlaom ckESpf? v? &uf? aeY tcsdefum;? r[mou&mZf 148 ckESpf? wydkYwGJvjynhf? aomMumaeY? aeYvnf aeoefY&mtcsdefjzpfygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf oufawmf (80) wGif y&dedAmefpHonf [k qdkaomaMumihf? zGm;jrifawmfrlaom ou&mZf (68) wGif? oufawmf (80) xnhfygu? (148) jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh r[mou&mZf (148) ckESpf [kqdkygonf/ aeYrS oHk;vvGefu igbk&m;y&dedAmefpHrnf[k rdefY awmfraomaMumihf Ak'&iawmfjrwf y&deAmefpawmfraom uqkevjynhf l S f d H l f rS oH;k vBuKd wif rdeawmfronhtwGuf wydwvjynhaeY[k qdygonf/ Yf l f Yk JG f k jrwfpGmbk&m;onf uqkefvjynhf t*FgaeY y&dedAmefpHonf[k qdkaomaMumifh uqkefvqef; (1) &uf t*FgaeYjzpf\/ uqkeft*Fgqef; u? wefcl;v wevFmqef;? wevFmuG,f\/ waygif;v paeqef;? we*FaEGuG,f\/ wydkYwGJv aomMumqef;? aomMumuG,f\/ xdkYaMumihf wydkYwGJvjynhf aomMumaeY[kqdkygonf/ pmud k ; usrf ; rsm; 1/ okwefyd#uwf? r[m0*oH,kwfygVdawmfESifh t|uxm/ 2/ t*Fkw&edum,fygVdawmfESihf t|uxm/ 3/ aewdygVdawmfESifh t|uxm/ 4/ r[mokw'DyeDusrf;/ (rHk&Gmta&SUv,fwDq&mawmfbk&m; BuD; b'Euk@v) "r x uf u k d

DHAMMA DEW

14

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ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;ESihf aygif;azmf&jcif;tusKd;
cif a rmif r d k ; (awmif B uD ; ) wpfcsdefaomtcgu owkvyum,dumrnfaom wm0wd Hom ewfom;BuD;ajcmufa,mufwdkYonf Ak'&SifawmfjrwfpGmbk&m;xH vma&mufMu ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;wdkY\ *kPfusufoa&udk xkwfazmf csD;usL;avQmufxm;Muavonf/ if;ewfom;wdkY vma&mufavQmufxm;Mujcif;taMumif;rSm ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;ESihfaygif;azmfaexdkif&ef xdkodkYaygif;azmfjcif;aMumihf tusKd;rsm;pGm&SdyHkudk avQmufxm;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ yxrewf o m;avQmuf x m;csuf oA d a &0 ormaox? oAd u k a A x oE 0 H ? owH o' r rnm,? aoa,sma[mwd eygyd a ,m/ ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;ESihf aygif;azmf&m\/ rdwfzGJU&m\/ ynm&Sd olawmfaumif;w&m;udkem,l& jrihfjrwfol jzpf&m\/ vl,kwfrmrjzpf &m/ 'k w d , ewf o m; avQmuf x m;csuf oA d a &0 ormaox? oA d u k a A x oE 0 H ? owH o' r ynm,? ynH v bwd emnawm/ ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;ESihf aygif;azmf&m\/ rdwfzGJU&m\? ynm&Sd olawmfaumif; w&m;udkem,l& todtvdrmudk &&Sd\/ tjcm;aom vlrdkufxHrS r&&SdEkdifay/ wwd , ewf o m; avQmuf x m;csuf oAd a &0 ormaox? oAd u k a A x oE 0 H ? owH o ' r ynm,? aomuraZ eaompwd / ynm&Soawmfaumif;ESiaygif;azmf&m\/ ynm&Soawmf aumif;w&m;udem,l aomursm; <u,f vlwtv,f ylaqG;aomu rjzpfay/ d l fh d l k Ykd rylryif &Tifvef;csrf;om&\/ pwk w e wf o m;avQmuf x m;csuf oA d a &0 ormaox? oAd u k a A x oE 0 H ? owH o' r ynm,? wd raZ0d a &mpwd / ynm&Sd olawmfaumif;ESihf aygif;azmf&m\/ ynm&Sdolawmf aumif;w&m;udk em,l aqGrsKd;wdkYtv,f wifhw,fpGmae&\/ y r ewf o m; avQmuf x m;csuf oA d a &0 ormaox? oA d u k a A x oE 0 H ? owH o'r? rnm,? owm*pEd ok*wd H/ ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;ESihf aygif;azmf&m\/ rdwfaqGzGJU&m\/ ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;w&m;udk em,l (olawmfaumif;w&m;udk usihf oHk;Muaom)yk*dKvftaygif;wdkYonf ok*wdrnfaom ewfjynfewf&GmodkY a&muf& jzpf&avukef\/ q|rewf o m;avQmuf x m;csuf oA d a &0 ormaox? oAd u k a A x oE 0 H ? owH o'r rnm,? owmwd|Ed omwwH/ ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;ESihf aygif;azmf&m\/ rdwfaqGzGJU&m\/ ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;w&m;udk em& (olawmfaumif;w&m;udk usihfoHk; Muaom)yk*dKvftaygif;wdkYonf xdkewfjynf tNrJxm0& pnf;pdrfcHpm; aysmfyg;pGmwnf&Sdukef\/

Ak ' & S i f a wmf j rwf b k & m; jznf h p G u f a wmf r l c suf

oA d a &0 ormaox? oAd u k a A x oE 0 H ? owH o'r rnm,? oA'kum yrkpwd/ bk&m;tp&Sdaom ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;wdkYESihf aygif;azmf qnf;uyf&m\/ q&mwum rdwfaqGo[m,zGJU&m\? bk&m;tp&Sdaom ynm&Sd olawmfaumif;wdkY\ w&m;udk em,lMu& tvHk;pHkaom ypu oHo&mESpfjzmaom qif;&J'kutaygif;wdkYrS uRwfvGwfxGufajrmuf&ygay\/ (okwefyd#uwf? o*gxm0*oH,kwfygVdawmf? a'0wm oH,kwf? oAdokwf) ESihf rHk&Gmta&SUv,fwDwdkuf y"me em,u q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; t*r[m y@dw b'Euk@vpD&ifawmfrlaom r[mokw'DyeDusrf;wdkYudk udk;um; azmfjyygonf/) cif a rmif r d k ; (awmif B uD ; )

TERAVADA PERSPECTIVE
"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ aemuf a usmzk H ; rS ygy tm&wdeJY ygy0d&wdudk xyfrHcGJjcm;NyD;Munhfr,fqdk&if 'DvkdawGUodMu &rSmjzpfygw,f/ ygytm&wd pdwfeJYBuHpnfpdwful;usL;vGefrIqdkwJh raem'kpdkuf 3-yg;u a&SmifMuOfrIudk tm&wdvdkYac:w,fvdkY qdkxm;cJh&mrSm tJ'Draem'kpdkuf 3- yg;qdkwmu? tbdZm? Asmyg'? rdpm'd|dwdkYyJjzpfygw,f/ tJ'DtxJrSmygwJh tbdZmqdkwmu? wpfyg;olawG&JU pnf;pdrf Opm b@mtaqmifta,miftcrf;tem;awGudk awGU&jrif&wJhtcgrSm? om,mrI? wyfrufrItaeavmufrSmom &yfwefYraebJ? ]]'Dpnf;pdrfOpm b@mawG[m ihgOpm ihgpnf;pdrfawGjzpfvm&if aumif;rSmyJ}} vdkY pdwfeJY BuHpnfrIrsdK;jzpfygw,f/ tJ'DvdkBuHpnfpdwful;vdkufwmeJYwpfNydKifeuf ur yxajrmufawmhwmygyJ/ olwpfyg;&JU pnf;pdrfOpmawGudk jrif&ifawGU&if? rdrdqDodkY pdwf rGwfapyJ? olwpfyg;&JU Opmypnf;taeeJYyJ oabmxm;NyD;? ]]'Dpnf;pdrf OpmrsdK;udk ig&cJh&if aumif;rSmyJ/ olrsm;xHu acwcPiSm;&rf;NyD;? ig oH;k aqmif&&ifawmhjzihf aumif;rSmyJ/ 'grSr[kwf 0,f,v&vdYk oH;k aqmif l Ykd &&if aumif;rSmyJ}} 'Dvdk vdkcsifwyfrufrIrygwJh om,mrIrsdK;uawmh tbdZmuHrQomjzpfvdkY? tbdZmuryx rajrmufyg/ rvd k c sif r wyf r uf w J h tebd Z m tJ'DtbdZmudka&SmifMuOf&if tebdZmjzpfygw,f/ olYydkifeuf? olYOpmudk olYydkifeuf olYOpmtaeeJY pdwfoabmxm;NyD;? MunfMunfjzLjzL jzpfrIrsdK;yJ jzpfygw,f/ tbd"rmoabmtvdkt&ajym&&if? olrsm;pnf; pdrfOpmudk rvdkcsifrrufarmapwwfwJh tavmbyJjzpfygw,f/ Asmyg'w&m;qd k o nf r S m Asmyg'qkdwmuawmh ]]'Dow0gawG aoausysufpD;Muygap/ 'Dow0gawGaoaMuysufpD;jyKef;wD;oGm;&ifaumif;rSmyJ/ aemifvJ rwdk; yGm;&if aumif;rSmyJ/ Mum&SnfpGm rwnfMu&ifaumif;rSmyJ/ 'Dow0gawG [m b,fawmhrsm;rS aoausjyKe;f wD;oGm;MuyhgrvJ...}} pojzih?f tjcm; wpfyg;aomow0gawG&UJ toufcEm? pnf;pdrOpm ysup;D rIqua&muf f f kd f atmif BuHpnfjcif;rsdK;yJjzpfygw,f/ 'DvdkBuHpnfwmrsdK;u Asmyg'uryx ajrmufygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk toufcEmysufpD;rIodkYra&mufyJ? BuHpnfrIpdwfqdk; trsufxGufrIoufoufavmufuawmh uryx rajrmufyg/ uHrQom jzpfygw,f/ 'DAsmyg'u a&SmifMuOfvkduf&if? tAsmyg'jzpfygw,f/ tjcm; wpfyg;aomow0gawGudk toufcEmpnf;pdrfcsrf;om pnfum;apvdkrI rsKd ;jzpfygw,f/ tbd"roabmtaeeJuawmh ow0gawG&UJ tusKd ;pD;yGm; Y udk vdkvm;wJh arwmac:wJh ta'goapwodufjzpfygw,f/ rd p m 'd | d q d k o nf r S m rdpm'd|dqdkwmuawmh uHeJY uH&JUtusdK;udkwm;jrpfwwfwJh ewd u 'd|d? ta[wku'd|d? tBud,'d|dqdkwJh 'd|d 3 yg;wdkYyJjzpfygw,f/ 'D'd|d 3-yg; wdkYuom uryxajrmufapygw,f/ oum,'d|d 20eJY jA[Zmv okwvmrdpmt,l 62-yg;wduawmh rdpm'd|uryxrsKd ;r[kwMf uyg/ rdpm f Yk d 'd|d uHawGomjzpfMuygw,f/ aemufb0rSm tusdK;r&SdvdkY tusdK;0dygufudk wm;jrpfwJht,ludk ewu 'd|vac:ygw,f/ 'Dewu'd|t,l&ouawmh ow0g[m ao&if d d Ykd d d dS l NyD;wmyJ/ jywfwmyJ/ bmrSjzpfp&mr&Sdbl;vdkY Oap't,lvJ &Sdygw,f/

15

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

16

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/ taumif;jrifwwfNrJjzpfonf/ ]][k w f u J h t ar}}[k NyKH ; Munf h tarh t m; auseyf a p Ny;D aemuf oltycef;wGi;f okYd ol0ifvuonf/ olwif tvkywpfck vky&ef Y d f dk f Y G f f usef a eonf / ol q mavmif r G w f o d y f p G m zwf c sif a eaom pmtk y f tcsKdU&Sdonf/ xkdpmtkyfrsm;onf olYzcif\ pmtkyfADkdESpfvkH; xJ&Sdrnf/ xk d p mtk y f t csKd Y t m;&S m azG N yD ; ? tarh x H r S cG i h f y ef &ef u k e f tjyef ,loGm;&efjzpfonf/ awGYNyD/ [H o m0wD y d # uwf y k H E S d y f w k d u f x k w f ? a&T a wmif N rd K U? usD;oJav;xyf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; pD&ifonfh ]]ZDewyumoeDusrf;}} pmtk y f / pmtk y f u k d xyf r H y k H E S d y f jzef Y c sd M uonf / twl w l y if / twlwlyif ta[mif;ukd olykdESpfNcdKufrdaejyefonf/ NyD;awmh q&mBuD ; yg&*l \ bmomjyef p mtk y f t csKd U ? NyD ; awmh *sme,f a usmf OD ; cspf a rmif ? *sme,f a usmf r rav;wd k Y \ topf j yef k d u f ? topf jyef x G u f a eonf h pmtk y f r sm; rsm;pG m &S d o nf / ok d Y a omf p mtk y f ta[mif;av;rsm;ukd ol,lcsifaeonf/ vD,kdawmhpwGdKif;\ ]]ppfESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;}} NyD;awmh a*:uD\ ]]tar}}ESifh yg;(p)bwf(cf)\ ]]tar}}/ bm;ewfa&Sm\ pmtkyfrsm;? olauseyfoGm;onf/ xkdYtjyif vGefcJhaom tESpf 20 ausmfcefYu wl? wlrav; rsm;twGuf ol&SmazG0,f,l ykdYay;cJhaom q&mBuD;OD;oef;vGif\ ]]om;&wem? orD;&wemjzpfvmap&ef vrf;tjzmjzm}}pmtkyEihf k;d rwdrf f S r[matmif a jrausmif ; q&mawmf OD ; oD v mpm& a&;om;awmf r l tyfaom ]] Ak' *Dwdum}}yxrwJGESifh 'kwd,wJG/ &Sm;yg;vSNyDjzpfaom pmaumif ; ayrG e f w k d Y o nf ol \ b0jzwf o ef ; csd e f t wG i f ; ol \ yp u b 0ES i f h oH o &mtwG u f ? avmuom;rsm;twG u f jyef v nf ay;qyf rukefEkdifatmif aus;Zl;BuD;aom aus;Zl;&Sifrsm;jzpfonf/

17

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DHAMMA VISION

18

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D kd d wwd,aeYrm tem*grf ponfjzihf tpOftwdi;f wnfcw,fvYkd qdygw,f/ S k hJ k yxraeY&ufawGwkef;u ZeD;onf "r'dE[m jrwfpGmbk&m; ausmif;awmfrS jyefa&mufvmwJh vifawmfarmif0domcolaX;udk aetdrf t0uae apmihfBudKEIwfqufavh&SdNyD;? cifyGef;onf 0domcolaX;eJYtwl a&TvufwvYkd aysm&iMf unfE;l pGm aetdrtwGi;f odYk 0ifa&mufcMhJ uygw,f/ JG f T f 0domcolaX;[m wwd,aeY tem*grfwnfvmNyD;wJhaemuf aetdrfodkYjyefvm&mrSm? ,cifaeY&ufawGutwdkif; ZeD;onf"r'dEmu qD;BudKEIwfqufjcif;jyKwmudk vufcHtodtrSwfjyKjcif;r&SdawmhbJ? tpm t[m&udvJ cgwdi;f aeYawGvr[kwawmhb?J eHeufpmwpfeyfukd owdBu;D k k kd f pGm csyfvsuf? w&m;"rqifjcifNyD;oHk;aqmifum? aeYpOf&Spfyg;oDvudk apmifhxdef;aew,fvdkYqdkygw,f/ olaX;uawmf "r'dEmcjrmvnf;? cifyGef;jzpfol&JU rsufESmudk MunhfNyD; trlt,mawGajymif;aewJh olaX;0domctay:rsm oHo, aMumifhMurItawG;rsm;eJY aomua0'emudk usdwfrSdwfNyD; cHpm;ae&&Smyg w,f/ Mumvmawmhvnf; rsKd oyrxm;Ediawmhy?J ol&UJ oHo,pdwukd d f k f Y f ajyajymufap&eftwGuf 0domcolaX;tm;ar;jref;pl;prf;ygawmhw,f/ ]]t&SifolaX;rif;../ uRefawmfronf t&SifolaX;rif;&JU tay:rSm tjypfwpfpHkwpf&mjyKrSm;rdwmrsm;&Sdygovm;/ 'grSr[kwf? tjcm;wpfa,mufa,mufursm;? uReawmfrwdpw0rf;uGatmif *k;H acsm f Yk d f J pum;ajymqdkwmrsm;&Sdygovm;..}} "r'dEmu cspfolvifawmfarmifolaX;tm;? odkYar;jref;av aomtcg? 0domcolaX;u wdwwwwwjf zihf jyefvnfajzMum;vduav\/ k kd k f k k f ]]'Dvr[kwygbl;}} dk f ]]'gqdk&if? uRefawmfreJY pum;wkefYvS,ftb,faMumihf rajym rqdygovJ..}} k xdtcg w&m;&jcif;taMumif;rajymaumif;bl;[koxm; aom k d 0d o mcol a X;cjrm tcuf a wG U &awmh a v\/ w&m;xl ; &vm pum;rajymbJ cyfrqdwaevdonfomjzpfonf/ rdr\tjzpfukd zGirajym f k d hf jyefvQifvnf; rdrd\yg&rDjznhfbuf Muifzufoufvsm"r'dEmcjrmrSm pdwxcuNf y;D aozG,&momjzpfonf/ xdaMumihf "r'Emtm; tyGivif; f d kd f Yk d fh qHk;aompum;jzihf ajymqdkvkdufawmhonf/ ]]&Sifr? "r'dEm../ igonf jrwfpGmbk&m;&SifxHrS w&m;awmf udk em,l&wJtwGuf avmurSveajrmufaom w&m;xl;ud&&Scygw,f/ h G f k d hJ 'ghaMumihf 'DuaeYup igydiqicaom uka#&Spq,frQ&aom ypn;f k f kd f hJ f dS Opmt&yf&yfwdkYudk oifydkifqdkiftkyfcsKyf pDrHuGyfuJygavavmh/ 'Dvdkjzpf onhtwGuf oifaemuftraxmifjyKvuvnf; jyKyg/ iguawmh wpfaeY f d f kd xrif;wpfeyfom rSefrSefpm;&&if auseyfvSygw,f..}} xdktcg "r'dEmu jyefvnf ar;jref;ygawmhonf/ ]]t&SifolaX;? jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif&JU w&m;awmfqdkwm[m t&SifwdkY a,musfm;om;rsm;om tm;xkwfaumif;ygovm;/ uRefawmfr wdkYvdk rdef;rom;rsm;a&m tm;rxkwfaumif;bl;vm;...}} ]]'Dvdkr[kwfyg? &Sifr"r'dEm/ jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif&JU w&m;awmf [m? a,musfm;bJjzpfjzpf? rdef;rbJjzpfjzpf? o'gw&m;xufoefpGmeJY enf;rSefvrf;rSefusihfBuHBudK;ukwftm;xkwfr,fqdkyg&if? vlwdkif;tm;xkwf EdiMf uygw,f..}} k ]]'Dvdk'DuJhodkYqdkyg&if? ,aeYyif uRefawmfrtm; &[ef;rtjzpf 0wfcGihfjyKyg? t&SifolaX;rif;...}} 0domcolaX;uvnf; olaX;uawmf "r'dEmawmif;yefonhf twdkif; o'gMunfjzLpGmjzihf cGifhay;vkdufavonf/ "r'dEmt&Sifrvnf; rdr\cifye;f onfxrS tcGi&onfEihf bduK et&SirwdxH &[ef;rjyKum? d G H hf S D f Yk jrwfpGmbk&m;&SifxHawmfrS ur|mef;w&m;awmif;NyD; BudK;pm; yGm;rsm; tm;xkwav&m? rsm;rMumrD y#dor'gPfav;yg;ESiwuG t&[wr*f f d fh zdkvfodkY qdkufa&mufNyD; &[Emax&DrBuD;jzpfoGm;ygawmhw,f/ xduoYkd "r'Em &[Emax&Drjzpfom;&jcif;taMumif;rSm? a&S; k hJ d G twdwfuHyg&rDwpfckxJaMumifhr[kwfyJ? cifyGef;onf0domcolaX; w&m; xl;&oGm;ovd?k olu,wiuvnf; w&m;xl;&vdjk cif; o'gw&m;aMumifh kd f kd f &&SdoGm;jcif;jzpfygw,f/ tJ'gtjyif uvsmPrdwqdkwJh? oyK&doac:rdwfaqGjrwfjzpf wJh 0domcolaX;eJYaygif;azmf&jcif;[mvnf; taMumif;wpf&yftaeeJY yg0ifcJhygw,f/ avmurSm ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;eJY aygif;azmf&jcif;[m Bu;D yGm;wd;k wuf&mwd;k wufaMumif;r*Fvmwpfyg;jzpfw,fvYkd jrwfpmbk&m; G udk,fawmfwdkif r*FvokwfawmfrSm a[mawmfrlygw,f/ uvsmPrdwvdkYac:wJh oyK&dordwfaqGjrwfynm&Sdolawmf aumif;awGrm&S&r,ft*Fg&yfawGuawmh (1) oDvqdwhJ ud,usiw&m; S d h k k f fh odum&Sjd cif;/ (2) orm"dqwhJ NiroufwnfMunfr&jdS cif;/ (3) ynmvdqkd kd d f I Yk wJh ky?f emrf? "r? y#dporkyg 'fwuojd cif;/ (4) "r'geqdwhJ opmav;yg;? Ykd kd k bm0emw&m;awGudk udk,fwdkifa[mMum;Edkifjcif;/ (5) ay,s0gpmqdkwJh vdkufemzG,faompum;wdkYudk ajymqdkwwfjcif;/ (6) twp&d,qdkwJh olwpfyg;aumif;usdK;udk usihfoHk;Edkifjcif;qdkwmeJY (7) ormewwmvdkYac: wJh rdrdeJYwlnDaomtusdK;w&m;udk jzpfapEdkifjcif;qdkwJh t*Fg&yf (7) csuf yJjzpfygw,f/ 'DuvsmPrdwt*Fg&yfawG[m 0domcolaX;xHrm&Sw,fvYkd S d qdygw,f/ k 'DvdktaMumif;&if;awGeJYomru? cifyGef;onf 0domcolaX; w&m;xl;&&SdoGm;ovkd? rdrdvnf;w&m;xl;&vdkwJhqEaMumifhvJyJ &[Em ax&DrjzpfoGm;&jcif;jzpfygw,f/ twdwfyg&rDuHwpfckxJaMumifhvnf; r[kwfygbl;/ 'gu "mwfcHtaeeJYawmh yg&rSmjzpfygw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif a&Tvufxufawmfwkef;u yg&rD&ihfoefol awG trsm;tjym;&SdMuygvsuf ,ckb0rSm BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIr&SdwmeJY ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;eJY raygif;Mu&jcif;wdkYaMumifh yg&rDrsdK;aphawG tcsnf;ESD;tv[ jzpfukefMuwmawG rsm;pGm&SdcJhygw,f/

DHAMMA DEW
"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ 'gaMumifh aus;Zl;awmf&ir;kd ukwq&mawmfb&m;Bu;D u ]]'um S f f k 'umrawG/ cifAsm;wdkYu avmb? a'govdkYqdk&if raumif;bl;BuD;bJ rSwfraeMueJY/ w&m;udkvdkcsif&csifwJhavmb? a'goawGMuawmh jzpf aumi;fygw,fAs..}} [k a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh rjyKvkyf&ao;wJh aumif;rIukodkvfawGtwGuf aumif;rIjyKcsifwJhavmbjzpfay;Muyg/ ]]aMomf../ ihgrSmawmh wpfaeYvmvJ om;a&;orD;a&;? BuD;yGm; a&;? pD;yGm;a&;awGeJYcsnf; tcsdefawGukefaeNyD/ aocsdefuvJ eD;aeNyD/ 'Dvdkqdk? taorOD;cif PfOD;&atmif? bm0emtvkyfudkvkyfrS ae&mus r,f}} vdkY w&m;vdkcsifwJhavmbawmhjzpfoihfMuygw,f/ omoemawmfjrwfBuD;eJY awGU&usdK;eyfatmif? vljzpfvmMu& usdK;eyfatmif? rdrdwdkY&JUcEmig;yg;? kyfemrfESpfyg;tay:rSm? igyJ? olyJ? a,musm;yJ? rde;f ryJ&,fvYkd pG,xm;MuwJh tpG'|jd yKw&ef 0dyemw&m; f J l J d f yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfEdkifMuzdkY&m? ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;q&mxH enf;emcHMu ? qEm"dywdxm;&SdNyD;? BudK;pm;tm;xkwfoifhygw,f/ "r'dEmax&Dr &[EmjzpfNyD; rMumcifrSmyJ? 0domcolaX;BuD; u w&m;"reJYpyfvsOf;wJh jyemawGudk ar;jref;NyD;? ax&Dr&JU oabm Pfudk pl;prf;cJhygw,f/ ax&Druvnf; ar;jref;pl;prf;orQjyem tm;vkHk;udk vsifjrefxufjrufaomPfjzihf ausausnufnufajzqdkEdkif cJhygw,f/ 0domcolaX;[m "r'dEmax&Dr&JU PfxufjrufyHktvHk;pHk tjcif;t&mwdukd od&&wJtwGu?f t&[wr*fzvwiatmif ykpmxkwf Yk dS h kd f kd f ar;jref;cJhygw,f/ ]]'g,um 0domc? jyemvGeoGm;Ny/ jyem\tqH;k tydi;f f D k tjcm;udk ,l&efrpGr;f Edi/ rSeygonf? 'g,um0domc? oH;k yg;odumomoem k f f wnf;[laom jrwfaomtusionf edAmefoouf0if\/ edAmefvQivm; fh Ykd f &m&S\/ edAmefvQif tqH;k &S\/ oiftvd&cygrl jrwfpmbk&m;xH oGm;a&muf d d k dS hJ G zl;ajrmf ar;jref;avQmufxm;ygavmh..}} ae&m "r'Emax&Dru ]]jyemvGeoGm;Ny}D } [k qd&mrSm? d f k 0domcolaX;onf tem*grfrr*ftqih?f "r'Emax&Dronf t&[wzvf d d kd tqihjf zpfjcif;aMumihf tajccHynmtxufwef;tqihatmifausmif;om; f u bGJU&NyD;ol\ t&nftcsif;udk ppfaq;jcif;uJhodkYjzpfaejcif;aMumifh xdkuJhodkY jyefMum;jcif;jzpfonf/ r*fav;yg;wGif atmufr*fjzpfaom aomwmywr*f? ou'g*g d *grdr*fyk*dKvfwdkYu? tem*grfrdr*f? t&[wr*f[lonhf txufr*frsm;udk rodEdkifao;onhfoabmudk qdkvdkygonf/ 0domcolaX;onfvnf; jrwfpmbk&m;xHawmfoYkd oGm;a&mufNy;D G xdkr*fudpjyemwdkYudk ar;jref;avQmufxm;av&m? jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif u "r'dEmax&DESihfywfouf rdefYawmfrlav\/ ]]ig\cspforD; "r'dEmax&Dr\oEmefrSm twdwf? ypKyef? tem*gwf? cEmig;yg;wdkY wyfrufrIwPSmavmbr&SdawmhNyD..}} jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf ]]om"k}} oHk;Budrfac:awmfrlNyD;aemuf "r'dEmax&Drtm;? w&m;a[mjcif;t&m bduKeDrwdkYwGif tjrwfqHk; {w'*fbGJUudk csD;jrihfawmfrlavonf/ odaom taMumif;csi;f &mrsm;udk qifjcifvsu?f "r'Emax&D Yk d ronf wyfrufrwPSmr&Sjd cif;aMumif?h cifye;f onfjzpfcb;l aom 0domc I G hJ olaX;tay:omru? rdrd\cEmig;yg;tay:rSmyguyfNidwG,fwmrI uif;qdwfcsKyfNidrf;oGm;avNyDjzpf&m? ]]aMomf...? tckawmhvnf; wpdrf; w&HpHawGvdkygbJvm;..}} vdkY "roHa0*yDwdjzpfrdygavawmhonf/ a&T n mol (a&T b d k )

19

ykxkZOfteuf - wpfq,fhESpfcsuf
0if ; vG i f ({'if ) (1) yk x k u d a vao? ZaeE D w d yk x k Z e m/ ykx-rsm;pGmaom udavomwdu?kd Ze-jzpfapwwfaomaMumih?f k Yk ykxZOfrnf\/ k (2) yk x k t0d [ w? ou m ,'d | d u mwd yk x k Z e m/ ykxk-rsm;pGmaom ry,fowf&aom? oum,'d|d&Sdaom? Zeow0g? ,if;teufaMumifh ykxkZOfrnf\/ (3) yk x k ememow m &meH ? rk c rk a v m ud u mwd yk x k Z e m/ ykxk- txl;xl;aomq&mwdkY\ (rsufESmudk wpfarmharmhESihf arQmfMunhfMuukefaom)/ Ze-ow0g/ xdkYaMumihf ykxkZOfrnf\/ (4) ykxkoA*wD[d? t0k|dwmwd ykxkZem/ ykxoA*wD[- tvH;k pHaom *wdwrS (rxajrmufao;aom)? k d k Ykd Ze- ow0g/ xdkYaMumihf ykxkZOfrnf\/ (5) yk x k e membd ocF g a&? tbd o cF a &mE D w d yk x k Z e m/ ykxkemembd ocFga& tbdocFa&mEDwd- txl;xl;aom tbd ocFg&uHw&m;pkwdkYudk? Ze-jzpfapwwf? pDrHjyKvkyfapwwfaomaMumihf? ykxZOfrnf\/ k (6) ykxkemem MoaC[d 0k,SEDwd ykxkZem/ ykxk- txl;xl;aom MoCw&m;wdkYonf (oHo&ma&tvsOf aMumarsmtyfaom)? Ze- ow0gwdkYjzpfjcif;aMumihf ykxkZOfrnf\/ (7) ykxkemem oEmaywd oEyEDwd ykxkZem/ ykxk- txl;xl;aom ylyefjcif;wkdYjzihf? odkYr[kwf ylyefapwwf aom udavomw&m;wdjYk zihf (ylyefwwfaom)? Ze- ow0gjzpfjcif;aMumihf ykxZOfrnf\/ k (8) yk x k e mem y&d V ma[[d y&d ! ,S E D w d yk x k Z e m/ ykxk- txl;xl;aom ylavmifwwfaom udavomwdkYonf (avmiftyfaom)? Ze- ow0gjzpfjcif;aMumifh ykxkZOfrnf\/ (9) yk x k y o k umr*k a Pok ? &w m *d ' g *"d w m? ykpdwm taZmoEm v*g? v*dwm yvdAk'gwd ykxkZem/ ykxk-rsm;pGmukefaom umr*kPfwdkY (wyfrufNiduyfawGa0 oufa&mufNiuyfzUJG ,Suf vH;k axG;wwfaom)? Ze-ow0gjzpfjcif;aMumihf d ykxZOfrnf\/ k (10) yk x k y [ d eD 0 &aP[d tm0k w m ed k w m? Moyk&m yd[dwm y#dpEm y#dukZdwmwd ykxkZem/ ykxk- rsm;pGmaom? ig;yg;aom eD0&Pw&m;wdkYonf (wm;jrpf tyf? ydwfqdkYtyf? zHk;vTrf;tyf? zHk;tkyfxm;tyfaom)? Ze-ow0gjzpfjcif; aMumihf? ykxkZOfrnf\/ (11) yk x k e H 0g *Pe yxrwD w meH t&d , "r y&r K cgeH ? eDp"r ormpm&meH ZemeH taEm*"wmyd ykxkZem/ ykxk- a&wGuf rqHk;Edkifatmif rsm;vSukefaom t&d,mwdkY\ w&m;udk rsufESmvTJukefaom? ,kwfrmaomtusifh&Sdaom ow0gwdkY (tusHK;0ifaom)? Ze- ow0gjzpfjcif;aMumihf? ykxkZOfrnf\/ (12) ykxk 0g 0doHka,0 ocsF H*awm 0doHoa|m oDvokwm'd *kP ,kaw[d t&da,[d Zae [Dwd0g ykxkZaem/ (oDv okw tp&Saom *kPwEi,Oueaom t&d,myk*Kd vf d f Ykd S fh S f k f wdr)? ykx-toD;tjcm;ra&m,Suaom? Ze- yk*Kd vow0gjzpfjcif;aMumihf Yk S k f f ykxZOfrnfavownf;/ k (tbd " r m yd # uwf t|omvd e D E S i f h t|uxm? ed a u y ESm- 383? 384 rS xkwfEkwfwifjyygonf/) 0if;vGif ({'if)

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

20

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

v,fwDq&ma

The Ledi Dham

D d v,fweAmefw

a&;om;jyKp

MAHA THERA L
(edAme'DyeD)
(,cif t ywf r S t quf ) 'k w d , ok w f / / 'kwd,okwf tvsm;? teH? tapmuf ,lZem (50) &Saom tukejf ynfaom a&&Saoma&tdiBf u;D rSm oref;jruf d h d k zsm;jzihf xkw,aom a&aygufi,fwpfcEifh wpftiv;kH &Sa&udk Edi;f ,SOf f l k S kd f d I aom Oyrmvm\/ wwd , ok w f / / wwd,okwfrSm jrpfBuD; 5 oG,f&Sda&ESihf xdkjrpfBuD; (5) oG,frSxkwf,ltyfaom (2) ck? (3) ckaom a&aygufi,f Oyrmvm\/ pwk w o k w f / / pwkwokwfrSm (2) ck? (3) ckaom a&ayguf i,fudk csefvSyf jrpfBuD; (5) oG,f&Sd tukefcef;ajcmufav&m usef a om a&ayguf i ,f (2) ck E S i h f (3) ck E S i h f uk e f c ef ; avaom a&pkOyrmvm\/ y r ok w f / / yrokwfrSm qD;aphcefY&Sdaom ajrvHk;i,f (7) ck ESihf r[myx0DajrBuD; Oyrmvm\/ q|rok w f / / q|rokwfrSm qD;aphcefY&Sdaom ajrvHk;i,f 7 ckudk csefvSyf r[myx0DajrBuD;ukefav&m usefaomajrESihf ukefaom ajr Oyrmvm\/ ow r ok w f / / owrokwfrSm r[mork'&m 4 pif;a&ESihf xdkrSxkwf,ltyfaom a&aygufi,f (2) ck? (3) ck Oyrmvm\/ t|rok w f / / t|rok w f r S m (2)ck ? (3)ck a om a&aygufi,fukd csefvSyf ork'&m(4)pif; a&ukefcef;avaom Oyrmvm\/ e0rok w f / / e0rokwrm rkenif;aphcef&aom ausmufom; f S f Y dS i,f (7) ckESihf ,lZem (3000) &Sdaom [dr0Emawmif Oyrmvm\/ 'orok w f / / 'orokwfrSm xdkausmufom;i,f (7) ckudk csef vSyf [dr0Emawmif ukefjcif;a&mufav&m xdkusefaom

(Nibbana Di pan

(Continue from last week) Second sutta In the second sutta, there comes an example of a lake, 50 yojanas each in length, breadth and depth, full of water, compared with a tiny drop of water taken with a tip of the grass. Third sutta There comes an example of the water of five great rivers and two or three tiny drops of water taken from it. Fourth sutta There comes an example of the water of five great rivers all dried up except two or three tiny drops; the remaining two or three tiny drops of water are compared with the water which has already dried up. Fifth sutta There comes an example of seven small pieces of earth about the size of a plum-seed and the great earth. Sixth Sutta There comes an example of the great earth which has already perished except seven small pieces of earth about the size of a plumseed. The remaining seven small pieces of earth are compared with the whole earth which has already perished. Seventh sutta The comes an example of the water of four great oceans and two or three drops of water taken from it. Eighth sutta There comes an example of the water of four great oceans, all drys up except two to three tiny drops of water. Ninth sutta There comes an example of seven small pebbles about the size of a mustard seed and the Himalia mountain of three thousand yojanas. Tenth sutta There comes an example of the Himalia mountain, all per-

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

"r0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

awmfbk&m;BuD;

usrf;jyKtausmf urmausmf

w&m;awmfrsm;

awmf pawmfrlaom

ma on Nibba na
i = The Manual of Nibbana)
ausmuf o m; i,f (7) ck E S i h f uk e f j cif ; a&muf a v&m [d r 0E m &S d ausmufpkOyrmvm\/ a'oemawmfpum;- aomwmywr*foYkd tqduwif tem k d k f G *wf oHo&m cEm'ku terw*w\ csKyNf ir;f rIukd y"mejyK a[mawmf Ykd d rlaom okwefa'oempkaywnf;/ wG i f a &G U um; <uif ; aom'k u E S i h f csKyf N yD ; 'k u Ed I i f ; ,S O f y H k N yD ; \/
ishes except seven small pebbles; the reamaining seven small pebbles are compared with the rock in Himalia mountain that has already perished. These desanas are the suttanta discourses mainly expounded the cessation-appeasement of the future round of rebirths infinite dukkha-sufferings, at the attainment of sota pattimagga. [Here ends the comparison of the remaining dukkha sufferings with the dukkha sufferings which have already ceased.] The cessation appeasement of khandha is not the main thing In the niddesa of nirodhasacca shown before, the saupa disesa nibbana, the cessation appeasement of defilements is mainly expounded whereas, in the ten suttas of this nidanavagga -li, the anupadisesa nibbana, the cessation appeasesamyutta pa ment of the resultant khandha constituent groups of existence is mainly expounded. Of these two cessation appeasements, the only cessation appeasement of defilements expounded in the nirodhasacca niddesa is the main thing. Whereas the cessation appeasement of khandha constituent groups of existence is included altogether in the cessation appeasement of defilements. Therefore in the abhidhammapali, only kilesadefilements are expounded as -tabba dhamma, which deserves to be abandoned by magga, 'paha the noble path. Whereas the resultant Khandha-constituent groups of existence are expounded as 'apahatabba dhamma' which deserves not to be abandoned by magga, the noble path. Therefore kilesanibbana, saupadisesanibbana, the cessation-appeasement of defilements which has been mainly expounded in the catusacca desana, nirodhaarrya sacca niddesa . -, asankhatadhatu not be said that it is not nirodhaariyasacca -nibbana. paramattha maha The defilements which have already ceased and appeased at the moment of sotapattimagga, the noble path of a stream-enterer, will never lie latent again and will never arise again;

by

LEDI SAYADAW

cE m csKyf N id r f ; rI r S m tyrm"jzpf y H k
a&S;qdkjycJhaom eda&m"opm\ eda'owdkY udavomwdkY\ csKyNf ir;f jcif;[laom oOyg'daooedAmefukd y"mejyKa[mawmfronf/ d l ed'ge0*oH,kwfokwfaygif; (10) wdkYum; tusdK;jzpfaom cEmwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;[laom tEkyg'daoo edAmefudk y"mejyK a[mawmfrl onf/ xdk (2) yg;wdkYwGif eda&m"opm\ eda'owdkYvmaom udav omwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rIonfom y"mejzpfonf/ cEmwdkY\csKyfNidrf;rIonf um; udavomwd\ csKyNf ir;f rIrmwpfcsuwnf; wpfv;kH wnf;ygavawmh Yk d S f onf/ xdaMumifh tbd"rmygVdawmf udavomwduom r*fjzihy,fjcif; Yk Yk kd f iSmxkuaom ]]y[mwA"r}} wd[ a[mawmfronf/ tusKd ;cEmwdukd d f Yk l l Yk rlum; r*fjzihy,fjcif;iSmrxkuaom ]]ty[mwA"r}} wd[ a[mawmf f d f Yk l rlonf/ xdkYaMumihf pwkopa'oemwdkY eda&m"t&d,opm\ eda'o wGif y"mejyK a[mawmfrlaom udavomwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rI[laom udavoedAmef[k qdktyfaom oOyg'daooedAmefudk eda&m"t&d, opmxdkufaom tocF"mwf y&rwfedAmefBuD;r[kwf[k rqdkxkduf/ aomwmywr*fcP csKyNf ir;f Muukeaom udavomwdonf d d f Yk vnf; b,ftcgrSm NrHKvmvdrfhOD;rnf/ wpfzefjzpfay:vmvdrfhOD;rnf[k r&SNd y/ tNy;D tqH;k csKyNf ir;f Muavuke\/ tEkyg'daooedAmefEiwpfquf D d f S fh

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

22

"r0D&onf oEdokcodkY a&S;Ijy|mef;onf/

they have completely ceased and appeased forever that cessation appeasement is readily connected with the anupadisesa nibba na, one and the same thing. It exists forever as it has already . - ceased in the infinite round of rebirths, samsara. It will never lie latent again, the sakkayaditthi, personality belief never will arise -, secptical doubt never will arise again. In the again and vicikicca same way the apayadukkha, vattadukkha woeful round of suffer.. ings which have already ceased and appeased at the moment of sotapattimagga never will arise again as if the cessation-appeasement perishes. In order to get an advantage of such cessation appeasement, to attain to it, he has to practise the paramidhammas for many births, for many kappaworld cycles. He cannot get it yet within one birth, can neither yet attain to it. He cannot get it yet within two births; can neither yet attain to it. After so many births, only when he attain or attains to the sotapattimagga, the noble path of strem-enterer, he can attain or attain to that cessationappeasement. Therefore when he becomes sotapanna, streamenterer, he indeed attains partly to the asankhatadhatu paramattha . -nibbana, saupadisesa nibbana. maha A man, being burnt with fire all over the body, goes into a big river or a big lake, full of very cold water, reaches the water at the shore, deep about the breadth of a finger till the whole body is dipped in water, all the heat of the fire ceases and appeases in his body beginning with the breadth of a finger. That cessation-appeasement of the heat is connected with the cessation-appeasement of the heat all over the body and becomes one and the same appeasement. Thus it should be noted. [This issaupadisesa nibbana is also asankhatadhatu -na is also attained by the ariyas paramattha ultimate. That nibba noble ones beginning with a stream-enterer, sotapanna. This is our view. You may take whichever you like.] Here ends how the cessation appeasement of khandha is not the main thing.

wnf; wpfjyifwnf; wpfaygif;wnf; wpfckwnf; qufavawmhonf/ csKyNf ir;f rItwki;f terw*oo&mESitrQ tNrwnfavawmhonf/ b,f d d H fh J tcgrS csKyfNidrf;rINrHKjyef oum'd|djzpfay:vmjyefonf/ 0dpdudpmjzpfay: vmjyefonf[k r&SNd y/ xdtwl aomwmywr*fcP csKyNf ir;f Muavukef D Yk d d aom tyg,'ku0#f'kuwdkYonfvnf; aemifwpfzefcsKyfNidrf;rI ysufjyef ay:vmjyefonf[k r&SdukefNyD/ odkYaom csKyfNidrf;jcif;tcGifhudk &jcif;iSm a&mufjcif;iSm? b0 rsm;pGm? urmrsm;pGm yg&rDw&m;wdkYudk jznhfusihfvm&onf/ wpfb0 ESihfvnf; r&Edkifao;/ ra&mufraygufEdkifao;/ 2 b0ESihfvnf; r&Edkif? ra&mufEkdifao;/ b0rsm;pGmMumvS aomwmywdr*fudk&rS &Edkifav onf/ aomwmywr*foa&mufrS a&mufEiavonf/ xdaMumihf aomwm d Ykd kd f Yk yeftjzpfodkY a&mufaomtcg tcsdKUaom udavomwdkY\ tNyD;csKyfNidrf; rI[laom oOyg'daoo trnf&aom tocFw"mwf y&rwfedAmefBuD; odkY wpfpdwfwpfa'otm;jzihf {uEa&mufonfomjzpfownf;/ wpfudk,fvHk;rSm rD;avmif tvGefat;jraom a&&Sdaom jrpfBu;D wGi;f ? tdiBf u;D wGi;f odYk qif;aomolonf urf;em;tp vufwpfopf k cef&dS a&oda&mufonfrp ud,v;kH jrKyatmif qif;avikwav rD;yl Y Yk S k f f f tukefvHk;Nidrf;av&m udk,frSmvufwpfopfcefYup rD;ylNidrf;av\/ wpfudk,fvHk;Nidrf;onfESihf wpfqufwnf; qufrd tNidrf;wpfckwnf; jzpfavouJhodkY rSwfav/ (um; oOyg'daoo edAmefonfvnf; tocFw"mwf y&rwftppftrSefjzpf\/ aomwmyeftjzpfrSp &\? a&muf\[k qdkvdkufaom igwdkY\t,laywnf;/ ESpfNcdKuf&m,lav/ cE m csKyf N id r f ; rI r S m ty"mejzpf y H k N yD ; /

]]a'G r m}} paom ygVd a wmf t & pd p pf y H k } }

y&d e d A K w yk * d K vf t jym;/ / t&m y&dedAmefpHNyD;? Nidrf;NyD;[k qdktyfaom y&dedAKwyk*dKvftjym;udk jyqdkOD;tHh1/ udavomwdkY\ tukefcsKyfNidrf;jcif;[laom oOyg'daoo edAme"mwfjzihf y&dedAmefpHNyD;aom y&dedAKw (1) yg;/ 2/ cEmwdkY\ tukefcsKyfNidrf;jcif;[laom tEkyg'daoo edAme "mwfjzihf y&dedAmefpHNyD;aom y&dedAKw (1) yg;? odkYtm;jzihf (2) yg;&Sd\/ xdk (2) yg;wdkYwGif t&[wzdkvfudk& oOyg'daoo edAme "mwfjzihf udavoy&dedAmefpHNyD;aom &[Emyk*dKvfudkvnf; usrf;*efwdkY y&deAK wyk*Kd v[ vm\/ t&d,myk*Kd vtjzpfoa&mufvQiyif edAmef d f l f Ykd f udk &onf/ edAmefodkYa&mufNyD? &[EmtjzpfodkY a&mufvQifyif edAmef wnfaeNyD/ (um;- t&d,myk*dKvftjzpfodkYa&mufvQifyif edAmefudk &aomol? edAmefodkYa&mufaomolqdk&aMumif;udk ,kwdOyrmwdkYjzihf jyqdk csufwnf;/) (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

With regard to the pali "dvema" etc. .

Parinibuta puggalakinds of parinibbuta puggalas, who have already attained to nibbana and appeased will be shown here 1. The parinibbuta puggala who has already attained saupa disesa nibbana, the cessation-appeasement of all definlments, 2. The parinibbuta puggala who has already attained anupadisesa nibbana, the cessation-appeasement of all khandha constituent groups of existence. Of the two, the arahat who has already attained the arahattamagga and attained to kilesaparinibbana in saupadisesa nibbana element is also called parinibbutapuggala in the text. On becoming ariya noble one, he attains nibbana. On becoming -na. arahat, he exists in nibba [This is the explantion with example yutti reasons that on becoming ariya noble one, he is called one who has already attained, attained to nibbana.] (To be continue)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Ak'\"rw&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/

23

taMumif ; Mum;xm;ygu um;? qk d i f u ,f ? puf b D ; ? bD ; pwif ; tcrJ h a pmif h a &S m uf N yD ; ukodkvf,laeMuonf/ tcsKd U tcsKd U aom yk * K d v f r sm;u t&SifacrmoD&d (v,fa0;ajr) xkdvli,farmifr,frsm;tm; tvkyftudkifr&Sd vkyfaeMuonfqkdum rwlovdk rwefovkd qufqHaeMuonf/ xkdokdYjyKrljcif;onf vli,f armifr,frsm; &SdaeygrS tem*wfomoem armifr,frsm;ukd bmom? omoemESifh a0;oGm; t&SnfwnfwHhjyefYyGm;ayvdrfhrnf/ atmif &if;ESD;rIr&Sdatmif vkyfcsifukdifcsif pdwf vli,f? vl&G,farmifr,frsm;wpfpk enf;yg;oGm;atmifjyKrlojzifh ,if;tjyKtrl onf pae? we*FaEG &ifjyifawmfoefY&Sif;a&; ajymqkdqufqHrIawGrsm;ukd a&Smif&Sm;oifhay tzGJUwpfzGJU? zGJUpnf;NyD; rdrdpD;yGm;a&;rygbJ onf / uk d , f u sKd ; pD ; yG m ;a&;rygbJ bmom? k dk k f pma&;olonf (84) vrf;&Sd xGef;OD; bmom? omoemtwGuf tm;BuKd;rmefwuf omoemtwGuf oufoufuovjf yKvyaeMu aqmif&uaejcif;ukd awGUjrif&ojzifh ESpaxmif; aom vli,farmifr,frsm;ukd pdwf"mwfrus G f f pmayokdY rMumcPqkdovkd a&mufwwfay d d d d H h onf/ vpOfxuf aeus "rr*Zif; bmoma&; tm;& auseyfrygonf/ om"kvnf;tBurBf urf atmif ajymqkqufqum tm;ay;oifayonf/ G ac:rdonf/ pae? we*FaEG bk&m;&ifjyifawmf pae? we*FaEG &ifjyifawmftzGJUonf pmapmifrsm;ukd oGm; a&muf0,f,ljcif; jzpfay k f S Y S onf/ xkduJhokdYaom"rr*Zif; bmoma&; oef Y & S i f ; a&;tzG J U onf vl i ,f a v;rsm;jzih f bk&m;y&d0PtwGi;f wHjrufvn;f jcif;? oef&i;f pmapmif rsm;pGmxGuf&SdaewJhtxJrSm "r0D& zGJUpnf;xm;aom tzGJUtpnf;jzpfygonf/ xkdodkY pif M u,f a tmif j yKvk y f & aomaumif ; rI \ *sme,fbmoma&; pmapmifwpfckvnf; tyg vl i ,f r sm;onf taysmf t yg;vk d u f p m;rI u k d ukodkvftusKd;w&m; (5) yg;ukd &&SdcHpm;& t0if j zpf o nf / "r v rf ; aMumif ; ay:uae z,f&Sm; rdrdvlrsKd;? rdrdbmom? omoem ayonf/ ,if;wdkYrSm (1) rdrdpdwfMunfvifjcif;? rm;rm; rwfrwf&yfwnf BuKd;pm;aeMuaom twG u f uk d , f u sKd ; rzuf trsm;tusKd ; (2) olwpfyg;pdwfMunfvifapjcif;? (3) ewfwkdY &[ef;ynm&Sd? vlynm&Sd yk*Kdvfrsm;ukdvnf; &Gufaqmifaejcif;jzpfonf/ bmom? omoem av;pm;cspfcifjcif;? (4) MunfnKdzG,f&m*kPfukd w&m;udk olwkdY&JUESvkH;om;xJrSm a&SUwef;wifNyD; aqmifapjcif;? (5) ewfjynfa&muf&jcif; tp&Sd pma&;oltaeeJY rsm;pGmrS *kPf,laerdonf/ tbd"mefwGif "rwpfyk'f 0D&wpfyk'f ypnf;? 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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

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wpf a eY r S m awmh armif a omif ; u jzL;NrdKUxdoGm;&if; taygif;toif;aumif;NyD; wdkufwGef;wmESihf t&ufaomufNyD; rl;aMumif rl;aMumifEifh jyefvmowJ?h tJ'gudk r,m; r,fpef S d u a'gojzpfNyD; ylnH ylnH vkyfowJh? tJ'Dtcg rSm armifaomif;uvJ wpfcgwav taygif; toif;aumif;vdkY t&ufaomufrdwm olYudk vlwumMum;atmif vlwumu olYudk t&uf orm;xifatmif qlnHqlnHvkyf&rvm;qdkNyD; r,fpdefudk eD;&mwkwf,lNyD; xdkufawmhowJh? tJ'DtcgrSm r,fpdefu trav;awmf "mwfBuD; av;yg; t&uf o rm; vl q d k ; u "mwf a v; av;yg;uRerudEypufaeygw,f t&yfuwda& f k dS f Yk ulMu qHk;rMuygOD;vdkY atmf[pfidka<u;NyD; xGuf ajy;owJh? Mum;&oltaygif;u &[ef;vlxGuf ESihf oDv&SifvlxGuftjzpftysufudk MunhfNyD; &,farmMuum armifaomif;udk xdef;odrf;xm; Mu&owJh/ ,ckvbJ pmcsbe;f Bu;D armifoE&udk J k k udk&ifvmbu kyfemrfBuD;u kyfemrfav;udk d k u f o yqd k a wmh r,f p d e f E S i h f armif a omif ; "mwfBuD;"mwfav; dkufovdkaygYuG,f} [k rdefY Mum;&m ausmif;om;udk&if OD;yif;wdkYrSm pmcs q&mawmfO;D okE&ESifh ud&ifvmbwdukd MunhNf y;D k Yk waomaom &,farmMuavawmhonf/ cif o l Z mjrih f

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf "ropmudk Tefjyonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

26

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Mu&ygrnf / csD ; usL;zG , f u m; MopaMw;vs t,fvfudktm (Alcoa) tvlrDeD,HukrPDjzpf onf/ if;uab;xGuq;kd usK;d umAGe'iatmuf f f kd f qdk'f"mwfudk z,f&Sm; abmhqdk'frS ajrMoZm ESihf tdrfaqmufvrf;cif; ausmufrsm; wpfjzpf vJ xkwfvkyfay;Ekdifjcif;jzpfonf/ tzsufudk &Si;f tusK;d jyKaqmif&ujf cif;jzpfonf/ r*Fvm G w&m;awmfvm wumeo*Fa[m jzpfyg onf/ vlom;wdkYtm; axmufyHhonf/ odkYjzpfjcif;aMumihf xdkukrPDonf
Green House Emission (or) effect

rSefvHktdrftmedoif xkwfvTwfrIudk okn txd avsmhcsEkdifcJhonf/ aemifESpfaygif; ig;q,fMum vQif Ekiirsm; xduyfab;rS vGwajrmufrnf[k d f H k f arQmf r S e f ; xm;onf / ,ck t cg avmuud k u,fwifrnfh Green Fuel ZD0avmifpm Green Energy ac: obm0av? a&? aea&mifoHk; pGr;f tif xkwvyzYdk prf;oyfpi;f jyif;aeMuonf/ f k f kd y@dwmeao0em-ynm&Sdenf;emudk rSD0J & vmaom tusKd;tjrwfudk wume o*F a[m-taqGtrsKd;wdkYtm; axmufyHhjcif;onf aumif;jrwfvSygayonf/ vlom"k-ewfomac:&ygonf/ ]]wd0d"H-b,H}} oHk;yg;aom uyfab; wdkYonf? cdyH-vsifjrefpGmyifvQif? tE&"mayod -uG,faysmufapcJhNyD[k Ak'a[mMum;cJhygonf/ avmuqdk;usKd;udky,fvQif aumif;usKd;csrf;om &EkdifMuygap[k qEjyK&ygonf/ temukvmp urEm-avmutm; taESmihft,Sufr&Sdatmif ynm&S i f w d k Y Bud K ;yrf ; rI a tmif j rif y gap[k xyfavmif;ywemjyK&ygonf/ armif Z if a ,mf pmuk d ; / &wemok w f ? r*F v mok w f /

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

28

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/ tvkyfrvkyfbJeJY pmESihfyJajymaevdkYuawmh b,fvrS em;rvnfEiyg/ em;rvnforsm; pdwf kd kd f l r0ifpm;olrsm;\a&SUrSm ajymaeuvnf; tusKd ; r&SdEdkifyg/ Ak'bmomudk em;vnfEi&ef pmwwf kd f &ygrnf / pmrwwf b J E S i h f w&m;r&Ed k i f y g/ b,fvdk pmwwf&rnfenf;? avmuDbGJUawG ajrmufjrm;pGm &xm;olukd pmwwfovYkd ac:qdk l Ediygovm;/ pmwwfoljzpfcsifvQif pmzwf k f wwf & ayrnf ? pmzwf w wf a tmif q d k v Qif pmzwfenf;awGudk oifMum;&ygrnf/ pmzwf enf;awGrSefvdkY pmzwfwwfNyDqdkvQif awmh udptm;vHk;NyD;NyD[k qdkEdkifygonf/ pmb,fvdk wwf&rnfenf;/ pmtkyfawG zwfHkESihf pmawG wwf a &mvm;? jrwf p G m bk & m; vuf x uf u pmtk y f q d k o nf r &S d y g/ pmtk y f p may r&S d v d k Y pmwwf w J h v l a wG r&S d a wmh b l ; vm;/ yd # uwfoHk;yHkwGif y&d,wdqkdonfrSm w&m;pmay rsm;omvQif jzpf y gonf / pmayrwwf b J yd#uwf pmayrsm;udk rnfodkYaqmifxm;Edkif ygoenf;/ 'kw,oHCm,emwifonhtcsexd d f d f pmaytu&mwifcJhEdkifjcif;r&Sdyg? yd#uwfoHk;yHk aqmif y k * d K vf r sm;rS m EI w f i H k t m*H k a qmif o,faqmifvmcJhjcif;om jzpfyg\/ yd#uwf oH;k yHaqmif yk*Kd vwi;f a&m pmwwfcygovm;/ k f kd hJ rnf o d k Y y if q d k a p pmwwf r S o m w&m;&Ed k i f ygonf[k qdkcJhygNyD/ pmrwwf&ifawmh w&m; r&Edkifyg/ pmzwf w wf r S v nf ; pmwwf o nf ac:&ygonf/ pmzwfwmudk t*Fvdyfa0g[m& rSmawmh Read vdkY oHk;ygonf/ Read qdkwm pmzwfjcif;wpfckwnf;udk rqdkvdkyg/ Reading the face; Reading the behavior; a*gufoD; upm;&mwGif Reading the green [k oHk;yg onf/ twGif;tjyif teD;ta0; tao;pdwf avhvmIrwjf cif;jzpfygonf/ Ak'bmomrSmawmh S Reading the body and mind cEmemrfkyfBuD; udk IrSwfjcif;? bk&m;vufxufu zwfp&m pmtkyfr&Sdayr,hf jrwfpGmbk&m;TefjywJhtwdkif; cEmpmtkyBf u;D udk zwfEicw,f/ cEmqdwhJ wDAGD kd f hJ k zefom;jyifBuD;ay:u jyaewmawGudk &Sif;&Sif; vif;vif;jrifoGm;Muw,f/ b0aMu;rHkrSefxJrSm jyaewJh yuwdt&Sdw&m;rsm;udk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm vdkY odoGm;MuNyD? 'gqdk&if olwdkYpmwwfoGm;Mu wmygyJ? pmwwfoGm;awmh t&d,molawmfpif awGjzpfoGm;Muw,f/ 'gaMumihf pmrwwf&if awmh w&m;r&Edkif[kqdk&jcif;jzpfygw,f/ pmwwfoGm;jcif;qdkonfrSm jrifoGm; jcif;udkqdkvdkygonf/ tvif;&oGm;jcif; puHKO' yg'd? PHO'yg'd? ynmO'yg'd? 0dZmO'yg'd? tmavmaumO'yg'd jrLtcdk;awGuif;pifvdkY MunfMunfvifvifjzpfoGm;&jcif;? w&m;&oGm; jcif;jzpfygonf/ tnmod0w abmaum@anm aum@njrifoGm;NyD[k jrwfpGmbk&m;csD;usL; O'gef;usL;&ihcygonf/ zwfwpm emwJw&m;udk f hJ hJ h t"dym,faumufawGvom;&ifvnf; w&m;ESihf JG G tvSrf;a0;aeOD;rnf/ rdpm'd|de,fy,fodkYom a&mufoGm;rnf/ xdkYaMumihf pmwu,fwwfrSomvQif Pftvif;&Edkifygonf/ w&m;&Edkifygonf/ rSeuefaom r*ivrf;aMumif;ay:rSm r,dr;f r,dif f f k cdkifckdifNrJNrJ a&muf&SdoGm;rSomvQif pmwu,f wwfonf[k qdkEdkif&um; uRefawmfwdkYqxuf xrf;ydk; BudK;pm;tm;xkwfoGm;&ygOD;rnf/ wu o d k v f v S a rmif pmrsuf E S m 6 rS ol w d k Y o l i ,f c sif ; ES p f a ,muf o nf eHeufpmEkYdCemxrif;ukd tm;yg;w&pm;okH;NyD; aemuf wpf a &;wpf a rmtd y f p uf M uNyD ; rS &mZN*Kd[fokdYc&D;quf&ef Am&mPoDO,smOf awmf o d k Y jyef c J h M uonf / rif ; O,smOf a wmf a&mufvQif r*Fvmopfyifajc&if;&Sd ausmufzsm xufwGif vJavsmif; tem;,l&if; t&dEr tdyfarmusoGm;onf/ onfaeYum; Am&mPoDrif; ewf&Gm pHaom ckepf&ufajrmufaeY jzpfonhftwkdif; rif;avmif;&Sm&ef rSL;rwfwkdYu r*Fvm&xm; apvTwfaomaeYjzpf\/ Am&mPoDeef;NrKdUrS xG u f c G m vmaom&xm;onf O,smOf a wmf a&mufvQif wHcg;0&yf\/ xkdtcsdef r*Fvm opf y if ausmuf z smxuf r S m t&d E r um; acgif;Nr;D NcKvsuf tdypufaeqJ? aomPuum; H f rtdyf? oli,fcsif;ab;rSmxkdifvsuf pOf;pm;ae onf/ ]t&dErum; 'DuaeYrif;jzpfawmhr,f igukvnf; ppfaoemywd&mxl;ay;awmhr,f.. d 'gayr,fh ig[m&mxl;XmeE&ukd tvd&or[kw?f k dS l r*Fvm&xm;rqkdufrD wpfae&mrSm oGm;a&muf yk H ; a&S m if a eum r*F v m&xm;xG u f a wmh r S igvnf;... &[ef;jyKNyD;w&m;tm;xkwfwm aumif;w,f..}}[k BupnfNy;D aemuf aomPu H onf O,smOfawmfNcKHuG,fwpfae&m oGm; a&mufaeavonf/ xkdtckduf wl&d,moHwkdYukd aomPuMum;vku&\/ oloi,fcsi;f t&dEr d f Y l rif;om;twGuf r*Fvm&xm;vmacsNyD../ aomPuonf oli,fcsif;zGm;zuf awmf t&dErrif;om;tm; Am&mPoDeef;rS

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yk a &m[d w f y k P m ;BuD ; ES i f h w uG rS L ;rwf w k d Y u O,smOfawmf&dS r*FvmausmufzsmxufyifvQif tbdodufoGef;um rif;tjzpfajrmuf BuD;pGm aomtNcH t &H j zif h Am&mPoD e ef ; awmf o d k Y ac:aqmifoGm;Muonfukd O,smOfawmfwpfae &mrS MunhfI&if; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfaerd\/ odaomf olu,wium; &mxl;XmeE&wkudk Yk dk f dk f Yd cHpm;vkdjcif;? &,lvkdjcif; r&Sdacs/ xkdYaMumihf vnf;olr*Fvm&xm;vmrSe;f odvsuf a&Smifwr;f d aecJhjcif;jzpf\/ r*Fvm&xm;pD;vsuf tNct&Hrsm;ESihf H O,smOfawmfrS xGufcGmoGm;aom zGm;zufawmf oli,fcsif; t&dErrif;om;wkdY cyfvSrf;vSrf; a&mufoGm;awmhrS aomPuonf usa&muf vmrnhf 0efxkyf0efykd;wpf&yfukd vGwfajrmuf atmifa&SmifvuEi 0rf;ajrmuf&ivef;aom dk f dk f T f pd w f j zih f r*F v mausmuf z smqD j yef v mcJ h N yD ; ausmufzsmxuf xkiaevkuonf/ xktckuf d f d f d d aomPu a&S U wnf h w nf h o d k Y a&T t k d a &mif tif M uif ; &G u f a &mf w pf & G u f avwG i f y sH 0 J u m usvm\/ ]]tif;... igvnf;yJ 'DtifMuif;&Guf a&mfvkd Z&mnif;qJvkdY &ifha&mftkdrif;aojcif;eJY rcRw{ueftrSeyifqufq&ayvdrr,f..}} [k f f H hf oHa0*xdwvefrw&m;&&Sum 0dyemw&m; f Y I d ukd r*Fvmausmufzsmxuf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf av&m xkdcP wpfxkdifwnf;yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf pOfrSmyif yg&rD&ifhoefcJhNyD;jzpfaom aomPu onf yapuaAm"dPfyGihfxGef; aomPu yapuAk'g jzpfawmfrlavawmhonf/ yapuAk'g jzpfawmfronfEihf wpfNyKif l S d euf aomPurnfaom vltoGiu,aysmuf Y f G f vsuf &[ef;toGif wrk[kwfcsif;ay:ayguf cJ h \ / &[ef ; toG i f & aomtcg aomPu yapuAk'g onf ]]ewd 'ged ykeAa0g= ,cktcg ightm; b0opfwpfzef y#doaEae&ef r&Sd awmhNywum;}} [k 0rf;ajrmuf&ivef;pGm O'gef; D T f usL;&if h a wmf r l v suf t&S i f y ap u Ak ' g wk d Y arGUavsmpaysm&mjzpfonhf [dr0Em awmifay: f H f &Sd eErvu vkP*oYkd <ujref;awmfravonf/ l d f l l aomPuyapuAk'g t&Sifjrwf\ oli,fcsif; jzpfol zGm;zufawmf t&dErrif;om;onfvnf; xk d a eY r S m yif Am&mPoD j ynh f & S i f r if ; tjzpf pnf;pdrfcsrf;omukd cHpm;&aomaMumihf O,smOf awmf use&pfcaom oli,fcsi;f aomPuukd f hJ vk;H 0owdr&awmhbJ arhavsmaecJavawmh\./ h h (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) &S i f P(zsmyk H ) usrf ; uk d ; - "r y 'a'oemawmf

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"r0D&onf avmuD avmukw&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

pdwfaumif;apwem
rsd K ;jrih f (atmif v H ) BuD;yGm;a&;? pD;yGm;a&;eJYywfoufNyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif..a[mMum;xm;wJh om"u vnf;&Sdygw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif aZw0ef ausmif;rSm oDwif;oHk;awmfrlpOf? om0wdjynf &Sd olaX;wpfOD;rSm ynmt&mvdrmvSwJh ckepf ESpt&G,f om;i,fav;wpfa,muf&cw,fuUJG / f dS hJ wpf a eY r S m om;i,f u zcif o l a X;BuD ; tm; tusdK;pD;yGm;jzpfjcif;taMumif;&if;udk ar;jref; ygowJhuG,f/ zcifolaX;BuD;[m rajzEdkifwm aMumihf om;i,fuac:Ny;D jrwfpmbk&m;xH oGm; kd G a&mufavQmufxm;ygw,f/ ]]t&Sib&m;..oli,fum; ynm&Sd f k \/ tusdK;pD;yGm; vdrm\/ tusdK;pD;yGm;jzpf aMumif; jyemar;jref;&m rajzEdkifygojzihf t&Sifbk&m;xHodkY vmcJh&ygonf/ ajzMum;ay; awmfrlygbk&m;..}} jrwfpmbk&m;vnf;..]]olaX;Bu;D / G oli,fum; a&S;tcgu jyemudk igbk&m; tm; ar;zl;NyD/ igbk&m;vnf; ajzMum;cJhzl;NyD/ oli,frm jyemtajzudk odcz;l aomfvnf; S hJ ,cktcg b0wpfyg; zHk;vTrf;cJhojzihf rrSwfrd}} jcif;jzpfonf[k rdefYawmfrlum twdwfZmwfudk jyefajymif; a[mMum;awmfrlygw,f/ "rrdwfaqG wlav;? wlrav;wdkYa&/ vGefavNyD;aomtcgu Am&mPoD jynfrm jA['wfrif;Bu;D pd;k pHpOf bk&m;tavmif; S [m olaX;jzpfygowJh/ olaX;&JUom;i,f[m vnf; ynm&SdjzpfNyD;? tusdK;pD;yGm;t&mrSm vdrm ygw,f/ wpfaeYrm om;i,fu zciftm; tusKd ; S pD;yGm;jzpfjcif;taMumif;&if;udk ar;jref;wJhtcg bk&m;tavmif;olaX;Bu;D u pmrltpydi;f rSm k azmfjycJhwJhtwdkif; ]]tusdK;pD;yGm;jzpfaMumif; ajcmufyg;}} udk ajymMum;cJJhygw,fwJhuG,f/ wl? wlrav;wdkYa&../ avmurSm BuD;yGm;a&;? pD;yGm;a&;t wGuf tusdK;pD;yGm;jzpf&mjzpfaMumif;? rdrdynm PfeJY qifjcifoHk;oyfNyD; apwem&SdpGmjzihf okpduo;kH yg;udk usiBfh utm;xkwMf uzdYk wduwe;f k f H k f G vkuygw,f/ d f usrf ; ud k ; ig;&mh i g;q,f e d y gwf ? tw 'G m &Zmwf / rsd K ;jrih f (atmif v H )

"rrdwfaqGwlav;? wlrav;wdkYa&/ 'Dwpfcg BuD;yGm;&mBuD;yGm;aMumif; tusdK;&Sdr,hfudp ajymjycsifygw,f/ tusdK;pD; yG m ;jzpf a Mumif ; w&m; ajcmuf y g;&S d y gw,f wJ h u G , f / tJ ' gawG u awmh . . (1) tema&m*gr&S d j cif ; / (2) tusih f o D v ES i f h j ynf h p H k j cif ; (3) ynm&Sw\ tqH;k tr? Mo0g' d Ykd ud k vk d u f e mjcif ; / (4) tMum;tjrif r sm;jcif ; / (5) ok p d k u f o H k ; yg;ud k usih f j cif ; / (6) rysif ; &d j cif ; ..qd k w mygyJ / vl&,fvkdYjzpfvm&if tusdK;rJhudpawG udk a&SmifMuOfEdkifzdkYawmh vkdwmayhg/ tusdK;rJhudk a&SmifNyD;? tusdK;&Sdr,hf taMumif;w&m;awGudk usihfBuHaqmif&GufMuzdkY vdktyfvSygw,f/ a&S;,cifu vlBuD;awG[m pdwf&if; tvGefaumif;Muw,f/ tifrwefdk;om;vSyg w,f/ pdwaumif;&Sawmh apwemvnf;aumif; f d Muwmaygh/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu apwemudk uH vdYk a[mMum;awmfrcwmyJav/ apwemaumif; l hJ awmh uHygaumif;wmayhgaemf/ apwemaumif;yHav; ajymjy&OD;r,f/ k [d;k wke;f u..BuKd Uyifaumufrm bBu;D wpfa,muf S &SdcJhzl;w,f/ bBuD;[m..tyfcsKyfpufjyifwwf awmh teD;tem;u pufjyifzdkYvmtyfMuw,f uGUJ / tdre;D csi;f rsuEmodq&if- olpufjyifaewJh f f S kd &ufrSm tvkyftudkifrysufatmifqdkNyD; tvkyf tyfESHoludk tyfcsKyfpufwpfvHk; tpm;ay;xm;

owJh/ pufjyifNyD;rS olay;xm;wJhpufudk jyef,l w,f/ apwemaumif;awmh bBuD;u tyfcsKyf pufjyifvyief; tusKd ;ay;w,f/ &efuewufNy;D k f k f tvHk bufrSm tyfcsKyfpufacgif;0,fw,f/ puf y p n f ; 0,f w ,f / Bud K Uyif a umuf r S m olYbmomol jyefNyD;qifw,f/ tJ'Dumvu*smrefpuf taumif;qHk;vdkY bBuD;ajymzl;w,f/ bBuD;a&mif;wJh qef;vdkuftyfcsKufpuf[m (wk w f ) bwf w mzvd k i f ; puf e J Y (td E d , ) pif;*g;pufawGxuf ydaumif; owJ/ bBu;D [mk h tyfcsKypufjyifvnf;jyif? a&mif;vJa&mif;awmhf tyfcsKyfpufeJYywfoufvm&if emrnfBuD;wm ayhg/ 'ghtjyif-apwemaumif;vkdufyHkrsm; vufzsm;cgavmufw,f/ &yfa0;jzpfwJh ZD;ukef;? ewfwvif;NrdKUe,fawGu tyfcsKyfpufjyifzdkY a&mufvmwJvawGukd oltrrmpufjyifvYkd rNy;D h l Y d f S rcsif ; ntd y f w nf ; cd k c G i h f j yKxm;NyD ; ? xrif ; csd e f x rif ; ? a&aEG ; csd e f a &aEG ; ? vuf z uf o k y f ? aq;vd y f ? uG r f ; rvpf [ if ; &atmif {nh f c H a uR;arG ; xm;w,f qd k y J / aq;vdyfqdk&ifvnf; awmfHkwefHkaq;vdyf r[kwfyg/ xdkacwfu wpfrwfzdk;-oHk;vdyfwef py,f&S,f usm;ysHraumufaq;vdyfudkcsNyD; {nhfcHwmyg/ tJ'Dvdkapwemaumif;vGef;vdkY tyf c sKyf p uf e J Y ywf o uf v m&if ol Y q D u d k y J ajy;vmMuwmygyJ / apwemtusd K ;ay;yH k ajymcsifwmyg/ wl? wlrav;wdkYa&.../

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,f tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

jrwfAk'\tvkyftauR; t&SiftmeEm
jrifhodef;(armfuRef;)
tcef ; (5) yxro*F g ,emwif y G J B uD ; wG i f yg0if a qmif & G u f o l t&S i f t meE m 1/ o*F g ,emwif y G J B uD ; \ tzG J U 0if w pf y g; tjzpf a&G ; cs,f c H & awmf r l j cif ; bk&m;&Sif r[my&dedAmefpH0ifawmf rljcif;NyD;aemuf ckepf&ufajrmufaeYwGif t&Sif r[muyonf ukodemHkodkY <uvmawmfrl &mvrf;c&D;wGif oufBuD;&G,ftdkjzpfcgrS &[ef; jyKvmaom ]]okb'}} u bk&m;&Si\ w&m;awmf f rsm;udk Iwfcsajymqdkaom armufrmapmfum; onfh pum;vH;k rsm;udk Mum;awmfr&yg\/ t&Sif l r[muyESitwlygvmMuaom &[ef;awmf hf rsm;tjyif tjcm;aom&[ef;awmfrsm;onf ukodemHkodkYtoGm; vrf;c&D; bk&m;&Sif\ r[m y&dedAmefpHawmfrlonhfowif;udk Mum;od awmfrl Muaomtcg 0rf;enf;aMuuGJNyD; idk,dk wrf ; wMuav&m ax&f B uD ; 0gBuD ; rsm;u w&m;awmfESihf tnD ESpfodrfhay;awmfrlvsuf &S d c sd e f r S m ? om0w d ES i h f uk o d e mH k t Mum;&S d ]tmwkrmNrKd U} Zmwdjzpf aom ]okb'} u ]]ihg&SiwYkd f ridkMuygeJYawmh igwdYk udk 0denf;Oya'awGESihf zdEycsKycs,aom&[ef;Bu;D a*gwr\ xde;f csKyf dS f f f rIrS igwdtck vGwajrmuf MuavNyD/ ,ckigwdkY Yk f rvkyfcsifwmudk rvkyfawmhyJ? vkyfcsifwmudk vkyfEdkifMuayNyD}} [k ajymvmyg avonf/
_ CHAPTER- V _ Ananda as a participant of the First Buddhist Council 1. He was selected as a member of the Buddhist Council. It was on the seventh day after the Buddha's Mahaparinibbana, Ven. -kassapa, on his way to Kusinara, Maha heard the insulting words of Subhadda, who became a bhikkhu in his old age, disparaged the Buddha's Teachings. While the bhikkhus who came along with Ven. Mahakassapa and the others who were on the way to Kusinara, when they heard about the Buddha's Mahaparinibbana, wept and lamented and the Elders solaced them according to the Dhamma, Subhadda of 'Atuma Town', native of Subhadda which was between Kusinara and Savatthi, said

"Friends, wept no more, now we are free from the control of the monk Gotama who oppressed us with rules, now we can do what we want and shall do not what we do not want."

odaMumihyif t&Sir[muyonf Yk f f yxro*Fg,emwifyBJG u;D usi;f y&ef qH;k jzwfawmf rl&ygavonf/ r[my&dedAmefjyKawmfrlonfrS wpf q ,h f i g;&uf a jrmuf a eY w G i f ? naecif ; t&Sir[muy OD;aqmifawmfronhf &[ef; f l awmfrsm;onf tpnf;ta0;wpf&yf usi;f yawmf rlMuygonf/ &[ef;awmfrsm;tm;vHk;u bk&m; &Si\ w&m;a'oemawmftm;vH;k udk oHCmhpnD f kH tpnf;ta0; twlwuG? wnDwGwfwnf; &GwqawmfrMl u&ef oabmwlawmfrMl uygonf/ f kd
So Ven. Mahakassapa decided to hold the first Great Council. On the fiteenth day after Mahaparinibbana, in the evening, the bhikkhus headed by Ven.Mahakassapa, held a meeting. All the bhikkhus agreed that all the Teachings of the Buddha should be recited together in the . Samgha Assembly.

vnf; tmeEmonf bk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfwkdif a[mMum;oifjyay;awmfrconhf "rEifh 0denf; l hJ S ESpf&yfvHk;wGif ESHYpyfuRrf;usifrI A[kokwtBuD; us,fqHk;aom yk*dKvfwpfOD;jzpfaMumif; ajym Mum;awmfrMl uvsuf aouy*Kd vomjzpfaeao; k f aomfvnf; t&SiftmeEmudka&G;cs,fawmfrlyg &ef tqdkjyKawmfrlMuygonf/ odkYjzihf o*Fg ,emwify*Kd vrsm;pm&if; xnhoi;f jcif;cH&yg k f f G avonf/

xdktcgrSm t&Sifr[muyonf "rEi0enf;awmfwtm; &Gwqrukd aqmif&uf S fh d Ykd f kd I G awmf r l & ef &[E m t&S i f j rwf (499) yg;ud k a&G;cs,fawmfrlvkdufygonf/ pka0;a&muf&Sdae aom oHCmu wnDwGwfwnf;yif t&Sif tmeEmonf aouyk*dKvfwpfOD; (udavom vH;k 0uif;Nir;f a&; vrf;aMumif;ay: usiBfh utm; d H xkwfqJ yk*dKvf) tjzpfyif&Sdao;aomfvnf; t*wdw&m;av;yg;teuf wpfyg;yg;tay: rSm;,Gif;aomt,ltqoabmxm;jzpfap&ef vSnpm;rnfowpfO;D r[kwygaMumif;? xdtjyif fh h l f Yk

Then Ven, Mahakassapa selected (499) Arahants to carry out the reciting of the Doctrine and Discipline. The congregation unanimously proposed the Ven.Ananda to be selected to the Council in spite of his still being a Sekkha (a learner, one who is in the course of perfection), saying that although Ananda was still Sekkha, he was not one who was likely to be misled into wrong judgment on any of the four unjust ways (agati). Moreover, he was the one with the greatest learning imparted by the Buddha both on the Doctrine and Discipline. Thus he was also put on the list of . - the reciters (Samgi tikaraka).

o*Fg,emwify*Kd vrsm;ESihf o*Fg,em k f wifyJG usi;f yrnhae&mudk &mZN*Kd [Nf rKd UawmfteD; f ]a0bm&awmif} ay:&Sd ]owyPdvdkPf*l} udk a&G;cs,fawmfrlNyD;aemuf t&Sifr[muy onf w&m;0iftqdkjyKjcif; (ur0gpm) udk jyKawmfrNl y;D qufvuf o*Fg,emwify&dowf \ w&m;0iftwnfjyKcsufudk &,lawmfrlyg onf/ xdtcsurm "rEi0enf;udk &Gwqo*Fg k f S S fh d f kd ,emwifMurnhf &[ef;awmfig;&mwdkYomvQif 0gwGif;umvwGif &mZN*dK[f oDwif;oHk;awmf rlMu&efESifh umvtwGif; tjcm;&[ef;awmf

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"r0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/ 'g,dumrrsm;\ 0rf;enf;vduzi,jkd rnfa<u;yGJ I f kd kd BuD; jzpfay:ygavawmh&m? xdkolwdkYtm; ocFg& w&m;\ rNrykH (tedp)? qif;&JykH ('ku) ESifh ud,f J k rydkifyHk (tew) wdkYudk taMumif;cH w&m; After the selection of reciters and a'oemawmfrsm; a[mMum;ESpfodrfhapawmfrl& the venue of the holding of recitals which &Smygonf/ rsm;onf &mZN*dK[fwGif oDwif;oHk;awmfrrlMu &efjzpfygonf/ xdkaeYonf bk&m;&Sify&dedAmef pHawmfrNl y;D aemuf ESpq,hwpf&ufajrmufaeYyif f f jzpfygacsonf/
2. Return to Jetavana After those strict instructions, Ven.A nanda carrying as usual the almsbowl and robe of the Buddha went to Savatthi accompanied by five hundred bhikkhu disciples. Whenever he went devotees lamented and wailed, Ven. A nanda solaced them by menas of Dhamma. When he reached Savatthi there were lamentation and wail of the devotees, to whom he solaced with discourses on the impermanence, suffering and nonself of conditioned things.

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xdar;jref;avQmufxm;jcif;tay: t&SitmeEm k f u jyefvnf tus,w0ihf &Si;f vif;a[mMum; f awmfrlonhf a'oemawmfudk 'DCedum,? oDvuE0*? 'orokwwif ]okbokw}f tjzpf f G rSwwrf;wifxm;ygonf/ f
While he was weary both physically and mentally, he had to go to an offering of alms-food offered by 'Subha', son of 'Todeyya', the Brahmin (then deceased). The rich Bramin youth asked him question about the Doctrine after taking alms food. Ven.A nanda's discourse in relply to that question was on record as 'Subha Sutta,' the tenth discourse in the Si lakkhandha -ya. Vagga of the Di gha Nika

was 'Sattapanni Cave' on 'Mount Vebhara' .. -jagaha, Ven. Mahanear the city of Ra kassapa made his formal proposal reading - (Kammavaca) and got the formal approval of the congregation, that only five hundred bhikkhus who were to recite the Doctrine and the Discipline were to stay in Rajagaha during the vassa (rains retreat) and that no other bhikkhus were to stay in Rajagaha during the same period. It was twenty one days after the Mahaparinibbana.

xdaemufrmawmh t&Sir[muy Yk S f onf o*Fg,emwify&dowf&[ef;awmfrsm; tm;vHk;wdkYtm; ]]igh&SifwdkY? ihg&SifwdkY=udk,fa&; udk,fwmaqmif&Guf&ef&Sdonhf wm0ef0w&m; rsm;udk tmHpuvkyaqmifEiMf uap&ef igh&if k kd f f kd S wdkYudk &ufaygif;av;q,f? igcGihfjyKonf/ &ufaygif;av;q,fveavaomf o*Fg,emwif G f jcif;vkyief;wm0efowufa&muf&ef ysuuurI f Ykd f G f twGuf taMumif;jycsufwpfpHkwpf&mudk rnf onhftaMumif;aMumifhrS vufcHrnfr[kwf/ &ufaygif;av;q,fukefqHk;csdef igh&SifwdkYonf udk,fpDukd,fiS tpDtpOfrsm; pwif&eftoifh jzpfaeMuzdYk igarQmvifygonf}} [k aMunmawmf f h rlvuygonf/ dk f
gation thus: "Friends, I allow you forty days to enable to attend to any of your personal obligations. After these forty days, on no account will be any excuse accepted for failure to attend to the task of the recitations. Every one of you is expected to be ready to being the proceedings at the end of forty days,"

xkaemuf t&SitmeEmonf aZw0ef Yd f ausmif;awmfx0if? bk&m;&Si\ *Eu#ukd wHcg; J f k D a&SUrS &Sdcdk;uefawmh? *Euk#Dtcef;wHcg;udkzGihf? ckwifESihfxkdifcHkudktjyifxkwf? oefY&Sif;a&;vkyf? *Euk#D\y&d0kPfudk wHjrufvSnf;NyD;aemuf ndK;EGrf;ajcmufaoGUaeaomyef;rsm;udk z,f&Sm; awmfrlygonf/ xdkYaemuf t&m&mudk aeom; wusxm;Ny;D bk&m;&Sioufawmfxif&m;&Sawmf f S d rlpOfu aeY&ufrsm;uJoyif bk&m;&Si\ ausmif; h Ykd f awmf? vkyfaqmifaeusvkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk aqmif&GufawmfrlNyD;aemufwGifawmh bk&m;&Sif \ ckwifay:acgif;wifvsuf wpfyg;wnf; pdwf &Svuf&dS tm;&atmif0rf;enf;ylaqG;ida<u;awmf 3. His social dealing with the Ven. Mahad k Then Ven.Mahakassapa prorlygavNyD/ kassapa claimed to all the bhikkhus of the congreThen he entered the Jetavana Monastery, paid homage before the Buddha's fragrant Chamber, opened the door, took out the cot and seat, cleaned them, swept the precincts of the Chamber, and removed the withered flowers. Then he placed everything and performed the routine duties at the Buddha's residence as in the days when the Buddha was living and he putting his head on the Buddha's cot, wept and lamented alone, to his heart's content.

3/ t&S i f r [muyES i h f q uf q H a &; bk&m;&Sifudk qHk;IH;vkduf&jcif;aMumihf rdru,awmfwiyif jyif;xefaomylaqG;0rf;enf; d kd f kd f aMuuGjJ cif;'kuukd cHpm;ae&csermyif bk&m;&Sif d f S y&deAmefjyKawmfrom;jcif;aMumifh ylaqG;aomu d l G a&mufMuvsuf rdrtm;zl;ajrmfMu&ef a&mufvm d Muol OygoumoDwif;onfrsm;udk ESporray; f d hf I &ef twGufudkvnf; tcsdefrsm;pGmay;awmfrlyg onf/ rdru,witwGuf wm0efwpf&yfwnf; d kd f kd f rQomusef&SdawmhaMumif; odjrifawmfrlygonf/ xdkwm0efrSm bk&m;&SifAsm'dwfawmfxm;cJhonhf twkdif; t<uif;rJhvGwfajrmufrI&&Sda&;twGuf yifjzpfygonf;/ t&Sifr[muyuvnf; ]rv}rsm;ESihf ]omuD0if} rsm;\ EdkifiHteD;rSm&Sd aom ]aumov} wkdif;twGif;rS awmxJwGif oDwif;oHk;&ef tBuHjyKawmfrlygonf/
While himself suffering intense grief and lamentation over the lass of the Buddha, he was also giving much time to offer solace to the devotees who came to see him in sorrow on account of the Buddha's passing away, He saw only one duty left for himself which was to attain total liberation as prophesied by the Buddha.Ven. Mahakassapa had also advised him to live in the forest in the province of 'Kosala' which was near the country of 'Mallas' and the 'Sakyans.'

2/ aZw0ef o d k Y t jyef xdkodkYaom ,wdjywfTefMum;rItNyD; wGif t&SiftmeEmonf tpOftvmtwkdif;yif bk&m;&Si\ oydwEiouFe;f wdukd o,fy;kd vsuf f f S hf Yk wynh&[ef;ig;&mwdEitwl om0woYkd <uoGm; f Yk S fh d awmfrlygonf/ a&mufawmfrlav&mwdkif;wGif 'g,um 'g,dumrrsm; 0rf;enf;ylaqG;idka<u; jrnfwrf;Muygavonf/ t&SitmeEmrSm olwYkd f wawGudk w&m;jy ESpfodrhfawmfrl&ygonf/ om0w d o d k Y a &muf a wmf r l a vaomf 'g,um

t&SiftmeEmonf pdwfa&mudk,fyg EGrf;e,fyef;vsaeawmfrlcsdefrSmyif? ,cktcg uG,fvGefoGm;NyD;jzpfaom ]]awma',s}} ykPm; \om; ]okb} uyfvLS aomqGr;f tvSLodYk <ua&muf awmfr&ygao;onf/ qGr;f bkO;f ay;Ny;D avaomf l xdk<u,f0aomykPm;vkvifu w&m;awmfESihf pyf v sOf ; ar;jref ; avQmuf x m;ygonf /

t&Sifr[muyESihf t&SiftmeEm wdkYonf wpfyg;ESifhwpfyg; BuD;rm;aomcifrif av;jrwfr&awmfrMl uygonf/ t&SiEpyg;wd\ I dS f S f Yk qufqHa&;wGif bduKeDrsm;yg0ifvmaomtcg rvdkvm;tyfaom jyemtcsdKUjzpfay:vm& ygavonf/ wpfcg t&SiftmeEmonf t&Sif r[muytm; bduK ewukd w&m;a[mMum; D Ykd

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"r0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ qH;k t&Sir[muyu ]]'Doi,fav;[mjzihf ESpfxJrSmyif y&dedAmefjyKMu? ewf&GmpHMuav f l ud,twdi;f t&SnyrmPudawmif ud,[mudk NyD/ aeYa&mnOfhyg? &GmxJrSma&m awmxJrSmyg k fh k f k k fh t&SitmeEmonf Oygoumwdukd ESporawmf f Yk f d hf roda,mifwum;}} [k qdkawmfrlygavonf/ f Soon after the Buddha's Demise rlae& wpfyg;wnf; rnfonhtcgrS aeawmf he had been touring 'Dakkhinagiri' with a rrl&ygay/ .
large company of young monks, who later left the Order. Mahakassapa reproached him for not guarding them sufficiently, while they were still unrestrained in the senses, immoderate in eating, not devoted to wakefulness. Finally he said: "This boy does not know his own measure." When it became known that the Buddha's personal attendant was living in solitude in the forest mearby, he was inundated with visitors. The devotees wanted to be consoled about the death of the Buddha, Ven. Sariputta, and Ven.Moggallana, other elder bhikkhus and bhikkhuni s and of their just and beloved King Pasenadi . All of them had passed away within the year. Day and night in the village and in the forest, he had to console the devotees and was never alone.

ay;awmfrl&eftwGuf bduKeDausmif;odkY rdrdESihf twl vkdufyg<ua&mufawmfrlyg&ef yefMum; avQmufxm;awmfrlygonf/ tpwGif tenf; i,f wHqi;f aeNy;D aemufawmhoabmwlawmfrl Yk kd ygonf/
He and Ven Mahakassapa had great affection on each other. When bhikkhunis were in their relation there came some unnecessary problems. Once Ananda asked Ven. Mahakassapa to accompany him to a bhikkhuni monastery in order to give a discourse to them. After initial hesitation he agreed.

w&m;a'oemtNyD ; wG i f ]xk v w d m} trnf&aom ZGww&GwEionhf bduK er dS f f kd f D wpfO;D u? ynm&St&SitmeEmudawmh wpfce;f d f k G wpfavrQajymMum;cGifhray;yJ wpfyg;wnf; tuk e f o d r f ; usH K ;NyD ; a[moG m ; avjcif ; [k tjypfwifygavonf/ t&yfwum vnf tyfa&mif;olwpfOD;u tyfvkyfol\ a&SUwGif tyfawGom; a&mif;aeonfEifh wlvacsonf[k G S S xd k b d u K eD r u qd k v k d u f y g acsao;onf / xd k b d u K eD u d k cG i h f v T w f a wmf r l y g&ef t&S i f r[mutm; t&SiftmeEmu awmif;yef awmfrlav&m? t&Sif r[muyu oHCmh tzGJUtpnf;rS t&SiftmeEm\ tjyKtrltay: pH k p rf ; ppf a q;rI w pf & yf u d k pwif a qmif & G u f vmrnfudk pdk;&drf& rdrdudk,f rdrdxdef;xdef; odr;f odr;f aejy&ef oihayNy[k jyefvnfreMYf um; f D d awmfrlygonf/
When the discourse was over, a stubborn bhikkhuni called 'Thullatissa' blamed Ven. Mahakassapa for doing all talking without letting the wise Ananda utter a single word. It was, she said, as if a needle peddler had tried to sell his wares in the presence of the needle maker. Ananda begged the Ven.Mahakassapa to forgive her, he replied that he sould show restraint . lest the Simgha should initiate an inquiry into his behavior.

To this rather strong reproach, Ananda only replied that gray hair had grown on his head and yet he still was called a 'boy'. A bhikkhuni called 'Thullananda' heard of this incident and said, "How dare Mahakassap, who was once a heretical teacher, reproach the wise Ananda, by calling him 'a boy'?" So Ananda had to apologize him on her behalf. But Ven. Mahakassapa had never been a heretical teacher.

odkYjzihf cyfjyif;jyif;av; jypfwif qHk;rrItay: t&SiftmeEmu acgif;jzLaewm awmifrS ]]oli,fav;}} [ktac:cH&qJygvm;[k om jyefvnfwjYkH yefawmfrygonf/ taMumif; l udk Mum;avaom ]xkveEm} ac:onhf bduKeD wpfa,mufu ]]wpfcgu wdwdq&mBuD;jzpfcJh zl;ol t&Sir[muyu rnfrQ0pm; t&Sif f hH tmeEmynm&Sukd ]]oli,fav;}} qdum qH;k rjypf d k wif&ygoenf;}} [k qdygavonf/ xdaMumihyif k Yk f t&SitmeEmu t&Sir[muytm; xdbuK eD f f k d udk,fpm; awmif;yefawmfrl&ygavonf/ odkY&m wGif t&Sifr[muyrSm b,faomtcgurQ wdwdq&mBuD; rjzpfcJhzl;ygacs/

wGif awmapmifhewforD;wpfyg; onf t&SitmeEm\ w&m;"rqi&mwd;k wuf f kd f a&;twGuf ylyefaomujzpfum t&SiftmeEm tm; kwfw&ufudk,fxifjy tBuHjyKavQmuf xm;onfrSm]]tdk-a*gwrEG,fawmf0ifwpfOD;jzpf awmf r l a om t&S i f b k & m;? qd w f N id r f & mopf wpfyif &if;odkY csOf;uyfawmfrlygavawmh? pdwfudkedAmef odkY ydkYvTwfxm;vsuf (ur|mef;) tmHEifh xdtmH\yifuvuPm (tedp? 'ku? k S k k kd tew)wdYk tay: orm"dtm;jzihf xl;jcm;onhf oGifjyifvuPmudk aqmifaom psmefw&m; arGUavsmfpHaeawmfrlygavawmh/ a&mufav orQaom t&Sifbk&m;\y&dowfudk ESpfodrfhap &ef tm;xkw&if; ]]Avpf Avpf}} ajymqdaejcif; f k rSm tb,foaomtusKd ;&Sygavoenf;bk&m;}}/ Ykd d
There upon a forest diety, concorned about Ven. Ananda's spiritual progress, appeared to him and advised him as follows:"O Ven-One of the Gotama clan, resort to seclusion at the foot of a tree, immerse your mind in Nibbana and abide in the Jhana characterized by concentration on the object (of meditation) and on its characteristics (of impermanence, woefulness and insubstantiality.) What good is there in your 'title-tatting' with your visitors in your effort to solace them?" To be continued

bk&m;&Si\ tvkytauR;ud,awmf f f k f onf rdrwteD;tem;&Sd awmxJ wpfyg;wnf; d Ykd oDwif;oH;k aeawmfraMumif; vlwoom;Muav l Ykd d G aomf {nhfwkef;kef;ESifh &Sdaeygavawmhonf/ OygoumwdkYrSm y&dedAmefpH0ifoGm;awmfrlMu onhf bk&m;&Sif? t&Sifom&dykw&m? t&Sifarm *vmef? tjcm;rax&fBuD;rsm;? ax&f&Drsm;ESihf bk & m;&S i f y &d e d A m ef p H 0 if a wmf r l N yD ; ewf&mpHom;NyjD zpfaom olwcspcifjrwfE;kd aom G G Ykd f rMumrDyif? t&SiftmeEmonf aemufyg&[ef; w&m;rQwaom yaoe'Drif;BuD;wdkYESifhpyfvsOf; ysdK y&dowfBuD;jzihf ]'udPm*d&d} odkY vSnhfvnf ESpfodrfhrIcH,lvdkMuyg\/ bk&m;&SifESifhwuG vsuf&Sd&m? aemifwGif xdk&[ef;ysdKrsm; vlxGuf t&SifjrwfBuD;rsm;? yk*dKvfBuD;rsm;tm;vHk;rSm oGm;Muygavonf/ xdk&[ef;ysdKrsm;onf tmHk wdkY rxdef;odrf;EdkifMuao;yJ? tpm;taomuf &mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf vGefusL;vsuf Edk;Mum;x<urI tav;teuf &J&ifhwnfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh xm;rIr&SdMuao;cifrSm olwdkYudkEdkifEdkifeif;eif; b0ukd &ifqkdifvsuf atmifjrifpGmjzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY rtkyfxdef;cJhjcif;aMumihf t&Sifr[muyu "r0D&*sme,f zwfMupkdU t&SitmeEmtm; jypfwifq;kH rygonf/ aemuf f

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"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

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"rrdwfaqGtaygif;wdkY ppfudkif;wdkif;? azmif;jyifNrdKUe,f? u&m;&Gm? tb,m&mrausmif;wdkuf q&mawmf t&Sifpm&dE (b0tvif;a&mif) v,fwDur|memp&d,? "rmp&d, OD;pD;wnfaxmif 1372-2010 wGif zGifhvSpfrnfh azmif;jyif? [krvif;? cED;(ppfudkif;wdkif;txufydkif;) oHCmawmfrsm; 0gwGif;umvtcrJhESifh tajccH ynmausmif;om;rsm;twGuf zGifhvSpfrnfh b0tvif;a&mif uGefysLwmoifwef;twGuf oifwef;oHk; uGeysLwm wpfpvQif usy(350000d^-wdw) (usyo;kH ode;f ig;aomif;)jzifh ynmyg&rDjznfvLS 'gef;EdiaMumif; f kH f d f h k f te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS ynmyg&rDjznfhqnf; vdkolrsm;tm; edAmeftusKd;ajrmf EId;aqmf tyfygonf/ qufoG,fvSL'gef;Edkifonfh vdyfpmrsm; &efukef q&mawmfb'EPdE omoe"Z"rmp&d, y-oH;k vH;k 0dyemuxdu ur|memp&d,? "ruxdu taomum&mr "r&udwausmif;wdkuf ewfacsmif;? wmarGNrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKU/ zke;f -0950 82208 vSKiMf unfjzL"r0&pmaywduEi'*spw,fpmMunfwuf d D k f S hf D f h kd taqmif(1)? tcef;(6)? jrefrmtifzdkwuf? vSKdifNrdKUe,f? &efuewi;f / k f kd zke;f -01- 507208 rE a v; OD;rsK;d rif;ode;f +a':pEmeef; trSwf (259) 32 vrf;(82_83)vrf;Mum; rEav;NrdKU/ zke;f -0920 01210? 0221557 02-34227/

t&Sipm&dE(b0tvif;a&mif) f v,fwDur|memp&d,? "rmp&d, tb,m&mrausmif;wdkuf? u&m;&Gm? azmif;jyifNrdKUe,f? ppfui;f wdi;f / kd k wpfqifze;f - 01-3334644? h k 01-3338580

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"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

t&if;cHw&m;
eE m rk d ; Mu,f
yaoe'D a umovrif ; BuD ; tzk d Y jrwfpGmbk&m;&Siftm; zl;awGUcGifhBuKHonhftckduf olodvkdaomjyemudk ar;jref;avQmufwif zkdY&m pdwful;xm;avonf/ tqkygpdwu;l tm; taumiftxnf d f azmfEkdifrnfh aeYwpfaeYokdY qkdufa&mufvmcJhyg acsNyD/ bk&m;&SifESihfawGUqkHavaomf OD;pGmyxr xdjcif;ig;yg;jzihf jrwfjrwfEkd;Ekd; kdusKd;o'gjzifh &Sdckd;ylaZmfcJhavonf/ NyD;avrS ol\qEukd azmfxkwfygav\/ ]]t&Sib&m; wynhawmfar;avQmuf f k f vkdonfukd cGifhjyKawmfrlygbk&m;..}} ]]aumif;NyD rif;Bu;D ? ar;avQmufavmh}} ]]t&Sib&m; rsuarSmufb0rSm cHpm; f k f &wJtusK;d ? wrvGeb0rSm cHpm;&wJtusK;d qkNd y;D h f h ]tusKd;w&m;ESpfyg;pvkH;} ukd NyD;ajrmufapEkdifwJh wpfckwnf;aomw&m;qkdwm &Sdygovm;..}} yaoe'D aumovrif ; BuD ; tzk d Y olqE&SdorQ zGihfazmfavQmufxm;vkduf&ojzihf av;vH o rQ ayh g yg;vef ; qef ; oG m ;awmh \ / NyD;awmh bk&m;&SifxHrS rnfokdYaomtajzpum; Mum;&avrnfenf;[k iHhvifhaecJhonf/ ]]rif;BuD;? &Sdygw,f.. rsufarSmuf omru wrvGeftusKd;w&m;ESpfyg;pvkH;ukd Ny;D ajrmufapEkiwhJ wpfcwnf;aomw&m;qkwm d f k d &Sdygw,f}} ]]tb,f o k d Y a om w&m;ygvd r f h . . t&Sifbk&m;}} ]]rif;Bu;D .. tJonf wpfcwnf;aom k w&m;qkwmuawmh ]tyrm'} qkwhJ rarhravsmh d d wJh w&m;yJjzpfygw,f? aocsmpGm em,l&pfyg rif;BuD;? Oyrmjy&r,fqkd&ifjzifh ukef;ow0g tm;vkH;wkdY&JU ajc&m[lorQ[m qifajc&mrSmyJ aygif;pkjcif;ukd a&mufueMf uygw,f? qifajc&m k [m Bu;D rm;vSygw,f? tJonfvdk Bu;D wJtwGuf h aMumifh tJonfqifajc&mukd uke;f ow0gawG&UJ ajc&mtm;vk;H wkxuf ykruvew,fvYdk qktyf Yd d dk J G f d vSygw,f? rif;Bu;D rsuarSmufumvrSmyJjzpfjzpf f wrvG e f u mvrS m yJ j zpf j zpf cH p m;&wJ h tusK;d w&m; ESpyg;ukd odr;f BuK;H Ny;D awmhwnfwhJ f wpf c k w nf ; aom w&m;qk d w muawmh rarhravsmhrIqkdwJh tyrm'w&m;yJjzpfygw,f}}

]]wifygh bk&m;}} aumovrif ; BuD ; tzk d Y tmk H x if v if ; um ]]rif;BuD;.. touf&Snfjcif;ukdvnf; &Sif;vif;oGm;cJh&ayNyD/ onhftwGuf tEIdif;rJh aumif;? tqif;vSjcif;? tema&m*guif;jcif;? oAnKwPfawmf&Sif jrwfpGmbk&m;&Siftm; tqif h q if h t m;jzif h jrif h j rwf B uD ; yG m ;jcif ; uk d MunfnKdOD;ckdufNyD; eef;awmfodkY jyef<uawmfrlcJh vnf;aumif; awmifhwwJhol[m rarhravsmh avonfwum;/ jyKvyusio;Hk tyfayw,f}} k f fh eE m rk d ; Mu,f ]]wifyghbk&m; wynhfawmf &Sif;vif; usrf ; uk d ; oGm;ygNyDbk&m;}} aumovoH,kwf trS e f w u,f v nf ; yaoe'D tyrm'okw/ f

ysKdaA'g
vGiv;l vGiEUJG hf hf yGifhzl;0ifhwJh aA'gysKd a&jymydkaESm,Suf a&TMumzdkawmpyf aocsmudkarsmxyfvdkY0if----/ c&rf;&ifh&ifh vSyef;pGifhpGifh ysKdaA'g zdka&TMum axG;tHkqifh aoG;pHk0ifh aysmfzl;vTmMum; ]]aMomf}} xl;pGmtm;ui,f rsm;tv,f---oem;pzG,faygh---/ ]]aMomf}}NrJudkvGrf;ae&Sm azmfuJGysKdyef;aA'g ---prf;a&jymat;aiGUudk uRrf;a0um axG;ayGUcdk vGrf;awGwmaqG;ajrUydkvIdufarm--/ ysKdaA'ga& udka&TMumawG Mum;tv,f tm;ri,fESifh-----tHudkcJ rmefudkpGJNyD; tjrefwm trSef&SmvdkY avmutv,f aomur<u,f avmbrcs,fbJ a&SUqufyg---/ / vif;jrwf(jrefrmpm)

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

37

aESmifzJGUonfrSm rkef;om
aZmfaemif
om;zGm;NyD;u wpfrsdK;qdk? om;EdkYjywfrS oGm;apvdk/ xkdodkYjzihf aemufwpfaMumh? oaExyf ,ljyefayhg/ wpfaMumhESpfaMumh tvDvD onftwkdif;awmh rjzpfNyD/ qkBuD;yef&nf vifa,musfm;? olUZeD;udk taMumif;rMum; wdwfwqdwfyif xGufcGmoGm; awmrSD&[ef;jyKvkdufwum;/ w&m;tm;xkwf &[ef;vQif? psmeformywf tbdnmOf/ aygufa&mufatmifjrif psmefupm; pdwfvufcsrf;om olaysmfyg;/ ol igtrsm; txifwGif? oHajcusOf;? ]]axmif}} BudK;wdkYvQif? tvGefyif odyfcdkifNrJ jzwfzdkY&efcufcJ/ eufeufeJeJ pOf;pm;cg? Opmpdefa&T&wem vGefpGmwyfrufjcif;BuD;yg/ xdkt&mvQif pdwfwGifNrJ jzwfzdkY&mcufcJ/ aemufwpfckvJ xdkYtwlyg? udk,fhom;r,m; pGefYzdkY&m/ tb,frSmvQif wwfEdkifyJ? pGefYvTwf&ef cufcJ/

(AE e m*g&Zmwf ) a&S;oa&mtcg? jynfAm&m? jA['wfrif; rif;jyKcg/ Ak'avmif;vsm xdkpOfu olqif;&Jb0/ t&G,fa&mufp tcsdefrSm ol\tb uG,fvGef&m/ olrsm;xHrSm tcpm;? tvkyfvkyfum trdtm; jyKpkapmihfa&Smuf auR;arG;wum;/ odkYygaomfjim; olYrdcif olYom;tvdk r&SdbJvQif/ olpDpOf olYqE? om;udk tdrfaxmifcs/ om;tdrfaxmifus rMumrwif? uG,fvGef&Smayhg olYrdcif/ xdktcsdefwGif olYZeD; y#doaEwnfownf;/ olYZeD;\ onfjzpfaxG olYa,musfm;u rodav/ odkYaMumihfay olYr,m; &[ef;jyKzdkY cGihfyefMum;/ olYr,m;u olYvifudk? y#doaE&SdaMumif;qdk/ olYvifudk olajymMum; oGm;ygeJO;D wm;/ Y om;zGm;NyD;u oifhom;udk? awGUoGm;ygOD;; olawmif;qdk/ tajymcsdKcsdK olYpum; vlYvifoabmwl&wum;/

odkYygaomfvJ jywfom;pGm? umr*kPfcsrf;om? pGefYy,fum vGwfatmifkef; ynm&SdwdkYxHk;/ / twd w f \ yH k & d y f ,ck AEem*g&Zmwfudk? jrwfpGmbk&m; aZw0ef a usmif ; awmf oD w if ; oH k ; aeaom umvwGif ]]aESmiftr}f } udk taMumif;jyK a[m d Mum;awmfrljcif;jzpfygonf/ xdktcsdefwGif if;t&yf olcdk;rsm; aomif;usef;aeonf/ aumovrif;onf xdk

ol c d k ; wd k Y u d k zrf ; ap? axmif w nf ; [l a om taESmiftzGJU? BudK;wnf;[laom taESmiftzGJU? oHajcusif;wnf;[laom taESmiftzGJUwdkYjzihf xm;avonf/ qGrf;cH<uaom&[ef;wdkYonf odaom taESmiftzGUJ wdukd awGUjrifMu&onf/ Yk Yk xdktaESmiftzGJUwdkYonf ckdifcHhvSojzihf cdk;olwdkY onf xdktaESmiftzGJUwdkYudk jzwfawmuf xGuajy;jcif;iSm rpGr;f EdiMf u[kawG;rdNy;D jrwfpm f k G bk&m;tm; xdktaMumif;udk avQmufxm;wifjy NyD;? ]]xdkYxufckdifcHhaom taESmiftzGJU&Sdygao;\ avm}} [k ar;jref;avQmufxm;Muonf/ jrwf p G m bk & m;u &[ef ; wd k Y t m; &S d \ [k j yef ajzawmf r l o nf / (avmuwG i f udavomwnf;[laom taESmiftzGUJ onf&\/ dS xdtaESmiftzGUJ rSm oifwjYkd rifcaomtaESmiftzGUJ k hJ wdxuf tq&m axmifru omvGe\/ if;udk Yk f jzwfawmuf&ef rvG,ful/ ,if;taESmiftzGJUrS k e f ; xG u f & ef tvG e f c uf c J \ / xd k Y a Mumif h a&S;a&S;aomynm&Sd taygif;onf jzwfcvonhf J S xdkt&mudk&atmif jzwf a wmuf awmrS D &[ef ; jyKMuav\[k qd k u m? ,ck u J h o d k Y twdwZmwfukd a[mMum;jyawmf rlygonf/ f a&S;tcgu Am&PoDjynfwGif jA[ 'wfrif;-rif;jyKaomumv? bk&m;tavmif; onf ol q if ; &J r sd K ; jzpf \ / if ; t&G , f a&muf c gpwG i f y if zcif j zpf o l u G , f v G e f oGm;ojzihf wpfOD;wnf; aomom;jzpfolif;u? olwpfyg;xHwGif tcpm;vkyfvsuf? usef&pfol rdcifudk vkyfudkifauR;arG;ae\/ waeYaomf trdjzpfolonf olYom; ESifh oifhawmfrnf[kxif&onhf trsdK;orD; wpfa,mufukd &SmazG olom;tm; tdraxmif Y f jyKaponf / om;jzpf o l u vnf ; rd c if u d k av;pm;MunfndKaomtm;jzihf rdcif\pum;udk em;axmifNyD; xdkoli,frESihf tdrfaxmifjyKvkduf onf/ aemufrsm;rMumrDwif rdcifBu;D uG,vef G f G oGm;\/ wdkufwdkufqdkifqdkifyif xdktcsdef ol q if ; &J \ rd e f ; rwG i f y#d o aE w nf aeavonf/ xdktaMumif;udk vifa,musfm; tm; rajymjy&ao;? if;udk,f0ef aqmifae &onhftjzpfudk olYa,musfm;urod/ xdkYaMumihf if;\ a,musfm;jzpfolu rdrd&[ef;0wfawmh rnf[k ol\rdef;rudk zGifhajymNyD; cGifhawmif; onf / xd k t csd e f a &muf r S rd e f ; ru ol Y w G i f ud,0ef&aeaMumif; ajymjy xduav;arG;Ny;D k f dS k om;uav;rsuf E S m ud k M unh f N yD ; rS oG m ;yg&ef awmif;yefojzihf olqif;&J\ &[ef; 0wf&ef tpDtpOfonf ysufpD;oGm;&onf/

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

38

"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/

uav;arG ; NyD ; aomtcg uav;ud k v nf ; awGUNyD;jzpf rdrdoGm;awmhrnhf taMumif;udk rdef;rjzpf oltm; ajym\/ xdktcg rdef;ru? ,ck r oG m ;ygES i f h O D ; ? uav;Ed k Y j ywf o nh f tcsdefa&mufrS oGm;yg[k qdkjyefonf/ xdkodkY wm;NyD; xdka,musfm;ESihf y#doaE aemufxyf ,l j yef a vonf / wG i f ol q if ; &J o m; a,musfm;u pOf;pm;onf/ onf yHktwkdif; awmhrjzpf/ taMumif;wpfckr[kwf wpfckudk jy ihgtm;qGJxm;rnfomjzpf\/ xdkYaMumihf xdre;f rudk todray;yJ rdrbmom wdwwqdwf k d d f xG u f o G m ;rS j zpf r nf [ k q H k ; jzwf u m wpf n xGufajy; awmwGif; &[ef;jyK aeav onf/ olqif;&Jonf wu,f&[ef; tppfjzpf vdkaomqE&Sd ZGJBuD;pGmjzihf w&m; tm;xkwf &m psmeftbdnmOf&onhftxd atmif jrifoGm; avonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;tqHk;wGifw&m;emy&dowfwdkYteuf? tcsdKUrSm aomwmyef tcsdKUrSm ou'g*grf? tcsdKUrSm tem*grfjzpfMu tcsdKUaom&[ef;wdkYrSm &[Emrsm; jzpfoGm;Muukef\/ Zmwfaygif;aomfum;,ck r[mrm,ma'0Donf xdtcgu k trd? ,ck oka'g'erif;Bu;D onf xdtcgu k tz? ,ck &m[kvm\r,fawmfonf xdtcg k u r,m;? ,ck igbk&m;um; xdkpOfu olqif;&J a,musfm;jzpfzl;cJhayonf[k Zmwfaygif;awmfrl ygonf/ usrf ; ud k ; ig;&mig;q,f Z mwf (AE e m*g&Zmwf ) (anmif u ef q &mawmf ) aZmf a emif

apwD ykx;dk ausmif; "rmkH toD;oD;wkwif Yd G ukov,l aqmif&uaeMuolrsm;twGuf dk f G f wuovoQio&(r[mo'raZmwdu"Z) dk f f D d a&;om;aom f G a*gyuESihf Ak'b@mawmpmtkyxuNf yD @mawmf
pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf rsufESmzkH;zGifhjyKcsuftrSwf 3207461107 3203320708

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

39

2 ]]avmuNir;f csr;f rIEihf om,mpnfyifzNYGH zKd ;wk;d wufr&&Sap&ef}} Ak' "rw&m;xGe;f um;a&;? avmuygvw&m;ukd avmuom;tm;vk;H d S I d
ESvkH;oGif;vufcHusifhokH;EkdifMuapa&; vkdtyfygrnf/ 2 pmrsuEmae&mwGi?f q&mBu;D OD;a&Tatmif\ ]]Ak'avmuom;wk\ tEIi;f rJaus;Zl;&Sif (uk,usiA'0if)}}rS yg&rDawmfrsm;ukd f S Yd d h d f hf k jznfhusifhawmfrljcif;}} tykdif;\ tESpfxJrS tESpftpktcsKdUukd zwfrSwfvG,fulusifhokH;Ekdifap&ef a&G;xkwfazmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/ t,f'DwmtzJGY
Oayumyg&rD\tusKd;ydkif; tusKd;ydkif; tewoabmonf ydkxif&Sm;\/ rdrd\ tvdk twdkif; bmrQrjzpf/ olYoabmtwdkif;om oljzpf\/ odkY&mwGif taMumif;ydkif;um; yk*vAsmyg&udk rdrdwdkYESpfouf ovkd rdrdwdkYtoHk;jyK Ekdif\/ onfrSm twoabmjzpf\/ tusK;d ydi;f um; yk*vAsmyg&udk rdrwEpoufovdk rdrwtoH;k k d Ykd S f d Ykd rjyKEdkif/ tusKd;w&m;wdkYrnfonf yk*vAsmyg&tay: tm;rjyKbJ "rAsmyg&t&om oljzpfcsiovdk jzpf av\/ onfrm tewoabm f S jzpf\/ [if;csuf&mvnf; qm;udkrdrdxnfhcsif ovdkxnfh&\/ qDudkvnf; rdrdxnfhcsifovkd xnfh&\/ tjcm;aom[if;tr,frsm;udk vnf; rdrd xnfhcsifovdkxnfh&\/ odkY&mwGif [if;jzpf&m um; rdrjd zpfapcsiovdk jzpfrnfr[kw/ rdru [if;udk taumif;qH;k jzpfapcsif f f d aomfvnf; [if;url yg0ifaom ]tr,f}rsm;\tcsKd;tqtwdkif; oljzpf csiovkjd zpf\/ aumif;csivnf; aumif;\/ raumif;csivnf; raumif;/ f f f [if;aumif;jcif;ESihf raumif;jcif;onf yk*vAsmyg&ay:rwnf/ "r Asmyg&tay:om wnf\/ olaX;om;avmr[Hojrifaom 'kuoHk;rsKd; avmr[Hoonf b0\tedpoabmudk jrif\/ xdkYaMumifh b0 oHa0*jzpf\/ b0\tedp oabmudkjrifvQif b0\ 'ku oabmudvnf; jrifav\/ arG;zGm;jcif; (Zmwd) onf 'kuj zpf\/ tkrif; k d &ifha&mfjcif; (Z&m)onf 'kujzpf\/ rusef;rmjcif; (Asm"d)onfvnf; 'kujzpf\/ aojcif; (r&P)onf vnf; 'kujzpf\/ 'kursm;udk ]b0zGJYpnf;rI'ku} [l qdk&\/ rcspfaomolrsm;ESifh aygif;oif;&jcif; onf vnf; 'kujzpf\/ csp&aomolrsm;ESihf auGui;f & jcif;onfvnf; 'kuj zpf\/ 'kursm;udk f G ]ywf0ef;usif'ku}[l qkd&\/ rdrdvdkcsifwdkif; r&jcif;onfvnf; 'kujzpf\/ 'kuudkrl ]uHMurm'ku} [l qkd\/ 'kuo;kH rsK;d udrl avmr[Hoonf ydi;f jcm; ur k k od\/ b0[lonf Oyg'gefaMumifhjzpf\ Oyywdb0 [lESpfrsKd;yg0if\/ wpfzef urb0[lonf ukodkvfESifh tukodkvfyif jzpf\/ ukodkvfESifh tukodkvfwGif todyg0if\/ xkdYaMumifh ukodkvfodjzpfap? tukokdvf odjzpfap Oyg'gefaMumifh jzpfav\/ odkYjzpf&m b0odonf Oyg'gefaMumifh jzpfonfrnf\/ xdkYaMumihf rdrdukd,fudk rSm;aomudk;uG,f jcif;ESihf rSeaomud;k uG,jf cif;onfvnf; Oyg'geftay: wnfonf[yif f l qdk&\/ yyE yyESSifh aAm"dyud, Ak ' a 'oemawmf t & tw [ k qd k p &mrS m ES p f r sKd ; &S d \ / w&m;udk,ftm;jzihf urb0twdkif; ]ukodkvfESihf tukodkvf}yif jzpf\/ ,if;udkyif yy ESifh aAm"dyud,[l ESpfrsKd;cGJjcm;Edkif\/ ,if;ESpfrsKd; vH k ; onf y if ow 0 gwd k Y \ oE m ef tpOf p G J x if v suf ygav\/ ,if;odkYpGJxifvsufygaejcif;udkyif Oyg'gef [l qkd&\/ yy E S i f h a Am"d y ud , ES p f r sKd ; wG i f yy u d k tajccH a om b0todt& rdrdudk,fudkrSm;aom udk;uG,fjcif;jzifh udk;uG,fwwf\/ aAm"d y ud , ud k tajccH a omb0tod t & rd r d u d k , f u k d rS e f a om udk;uG,fjcif;jzifh udk;uG,fwwf\/ vspfvsLIjcif; trS e f t m;jzif h jrwf p G m bk & m;tavmif ; awmf o nf jzpfav&mb0rsm; Oayumyg&rDudk jznfhusifhonfyif jzpf\/ odkY&mwGif avmr[Hob0um; Oayumyg&rDukd txGwtxdyoa&muf atmif f f Ykd jznfhusihfawmfrlcJh\/ trSetm;jzihf ow0grsm;onf rdrw\ b0&nfre;f csursm;udk f d Ykd S f taumif txnfay:atmif aqmif&Guf&m &nfrSef;csuf yef;wdkifudk rsujf cnf jywfroGm;atmif tm;xkwzv\/ rsujf cnfjywfroGm;jcif;onf f Ykd kd Oayumyg&rD\ tESpfom&jzpf\/ ,if;udkyif ]vspfvsLIjcif;}}[l qkdMujcif;jzpf\/ cEDESifh Oayum

vlonf ADZpdwf"mwftm;jzifh pdwfqdk;p&m ESifhawGYvQifvnf; pd w f q d k ; vd k u f \ / 0rf ; omp&mES i f h awG Y v Qif v nf ; 0rf ; omvd k u f \ / aysmfp&mESifhawGYvQif vn;f aysmfvkduf\/ trSeftm;jzihf pdwfonf rdrd\ ADZowdt& tmHkrsm;\qGJaqmifcsuftwdkif; vdkuf aejcif;omjzpf\/ onf;cHjcif; (cED)url pdw\ADZ owdukd qefusiaomtm;jzihf f Y f rnfonfhow0grqkd ]twm[d twaem emaxm} ifhtnD tmHkrsm;\qGJaqmif&maemufodkY rvkduf? tmHkrsm;\qGJaqmifrIudk emaxm}ES rdrdudk,frdrd udk;uG,forIjyKonf csnf;jzpf\/ xkdodkY udk;uG,f&mwGif tav; teufrxm;/ onf;cHjcif; (cED)ESihf vspvsLIjcif; (Oayum)onf f rSm;aomudk;uG,f jcif;vnf;&dS\/ rSefaomudk;uG,fjcif;vnf; &dS\/ usefyg&rDrsm;\ rdbozG,ftpHkvdkufjzpf\/ ESpfrsKd;vHk;yif b0todESifhpyf\/ odkYjzpf cED&dSrS Oayum&dS\/ cEDu avmu"H\ tE&m,f b0todEihf ywfouf y#dporkyg 'f a'oemawmf ]Oyg'ge rsm;udk ckcHumuG,fay;\/ Oayumu rdrd\vrf;twdkif; wnfhwnfh S ba0g}[l yp a ,m ba0g} a[mMum;awmf r l x m;\/ trS e f tm;jzif h rwfrwfom;Ediatmif aqmif&uay;\/ odvQif cEDEihf Oayumonf G k f G f Yk S b0[l o nf Oyg'gef a Mumif h j zpf & \/ b0wG i f v nf ; ur b 0ES i f h tjcm;yg&rDrsm;udk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufay;av\/

The Noble Advice ever given to Mankind

By Dhamma Vi-ra Thandar Aung , ITBM University, Yangon,

vlom;wdtwGuf tjrihjf rwfq;kH aom b0vrf;Tef Yk

" r 0D & - o Em atmif
keep away from are: killing someone, stealing, sexual misconduct, and telling lies. Some people may think that these four rules of restraint and abstinence are instructions related only to religion. Indeed,

(,cif t ywf r S t quf ) tm&wd ygyg= raumif;rIrS (pdwfjzihf) a0;pGma&SmifMuOfjcif;/ 0d&wdygyg= raumif;rIrS txl;ojzihf (udk,fEIwfjzihf) a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ arm= rZygemp oH,arm t&ufaopmaomufpm;jcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ tyrma'gp "arok= ukodkvfw&m;wdkY rarhravsmhjcif;/ {wH r*Fv rkwrH= (4) yg;aomw&m;wdkYonf aumif;jrwfaom r*Fvmjzpfonf/
To cease from evils, To abstain from evils, To refrain from intoxicants, To be rigilant in righteous acts, This is the Noblest Blessing. . There are four Man galas concerning restraintand absti- - - nence. They are: (1) Arati papa, (2) Vi rati papa, (3) Majja pana ca . samyamo and (4) Apamado ca dhammesu. In this world, one cannot do everything just as one pleases. There are things which cannot be done because it is not proper to do so. . - - - (12) Arati papa, Vi rati papa Mangala requires one to keep away and abstain from evil. The four things which one must

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THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

r* i f & S p f y g;yk H

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