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8/ Mo'gwuok d P f ; (jzLaom tqif;ukdIjcif;) 9/ tmumouokP;f (aumif;uif d tykdif;tjcm; ukdIjcif;) 10/ tmavmuuokdPf; (ae v ponf w k d Y \ ta&mif t vif ; uk d Ijcif;)wkdYjzpfonf/ tok b q,f y g;rS m 1/ O'Krmwu (avjzifjh ynhaeaom f om;a&td w f u J h o k d Y zl ; zl ; a,mif aeaom tokbkyftavmif;taumifykyf) 2/ 0deDvu (nKdaomtqif;&Sdaom pufqkyf zG,fkyftavmif;) 3/ 0d y k A u (jynf r sm;,k d p D ; xG u f u saeaom pufqkyfzG,fkyftavmif;) 4/ 0dpd'u (tv,f ESpfykdif;jywfaeaom pufqkyfzG,ftaumifykyf) 5/ 0dum,dwu (acG;? ajracG; paom ow0g wkdYcJpm;xm;aom kyftavmif;) 6/ 0dudwu (tom;pkdifrsm; [kdwpfp 'Dwpfp tykdif;ykdif;jywfaeaom tokb) 7/ [w0duwu (us;D ajco@mef "m;vSwjYdk zifh d H xkd;ckwfowfjzwfxm;aom tokb) 8/ avm[dwu (aoG;rsm;,kdpD;usaeaom tokbkyftavmif;) 9/ ykVK0u (yk;d avmufrsm; pm;aomufxm;aom kyftavmif;) 10/ t|du (tkd;pkom&Sdaom pufqkyfzG,f tokbkyftavmif;) wdkYjzpf\/ tEk wd 10 yg;rS m 1/ Ak'g Ekwd (t&[H tp b*0gtqk;H &Saom d Ak'b&m;&Si\*kPawmfrsm;ukd tzefzefatmuf k f f arhyGm;rsm;jcif;) 2/ "rmEkwd (oGmumw tp a0'dwaAm 0dnL[d tqk;H &Saom w&m;*kPawmfajcmufyg; d f wkdYukd tzefzefyGm;rsm;jcif;) 3/ oHCmEkwd (oky#dyEwm tp yknacwH avmu tqk;H &Saom oHCmh*Pawmfu;dk yg; d k f wkdYukd tzefzefyGm;rsm;IrSwfjcif;) 4/ oDvmEkwd (rdrd\oDv*kPfukd tzefzef yGm;rsm;qifjcifjcif;) 5/ pm*gEkwd (rdrd\pGefYBuJay;urf;vSL'gef;rI rsm;ukd atmufarhjcif;)

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6/ a'0wmEkwd (ewfwkdY\o'g tp&Sdaom *kPfwkdYuJhodkY rdrd&Sdaomo'g tp&Sdaom *kPf wkdYukd tzefzefatmufarhjcif;) 7/ OyormEkwd (edAmef\0d&m* paom *kPf ukd tmkH,l tzefzefatmufarhjcif;) 8/ r&PmEkwd (aojcif;w&m;udk rMumcP atmufarhowdjyKjcif;) 9/ um,*wmowd (qHyif? arG;nif; paom cEmuk,&dS tpdwtyki;f rsm;ukd atmufarhjcif;) d f f d 10/ tmemygemEkwd (xGufouf0ifoufukd owduyf tzefzeftxyfxyf IrSwfjcif;) xGufav 0ifavukd owduyf tzefzef txyfxyf Irwaejcif;rSm orxur|mef;om S f jzpfaMumif; owdjyK rSwfom;yg/ ty r nm 4 yg;rS m 1/ arwm (twkdif;rod okcdwow0g 'kudw ow0gwkdYukd tnDtrQxm; arwmyGm;jcif;) 2/ ukPm (twkdif;rodaom 'kudwow0g ynwfudk tmkHjyK oem;jcif;) 3/ rk'dwm (twkdif;rodaom okcdwow0g ynwfukd tmkHjyK0rf;ajrmufjcif;) 4/ Oayum (twkdif;rodaom okcdw 'kudw ow0gwkdYukd vspfvsLIjcif;) wkdYjzpfavonf/ ]tyrnm} [lonf twkdif;rodjcif;? twkdif; twmyrmPr&Sdjcif;[k t"dym,f&ygonf/ onm 1 yg;rS m pm;aomufrsKdtyfaom tpmtm[m&rsm; puf q k y f & G H & S m zG , f trS w f o nmxm;jcif ; ]tm[ma& y#dulv onm} jzpf\/ 00w m ef 1 yg;rS m yx0D? tmayg? awaZm? 0ga,m[laom ajr? a&? av? rD; "mwfBuD;av;yg;wkdYukd ykdif;jcm; owfrSwfjcif; ]pwk"mwk 00wmef} jzpf\/ tmk y 4 yg;wk d Y u m; 1/ tmumomem,we 2/ 0dnmPm,we 3/ tmudnm,we 4/ ae0onmemonm,we- tlyav;yg;wkYd jzpfavonf/ odkYjzifh ur|mef;(40)? orx(40) wkdYukd ykdif;jcm;od&SdNyD;aemuf awm(40)wkdYum; tb,fenf;[k cGJjcm;od&Sd&ef vkdtyfayonf/ ,ck ]awm(40)} wkdYukd qufvufazmfjyygrnf/

]orxav;q,f} ESi]hf awmav;q,f} ukd a&maxG;em;vnfaeMuonf/ orxav; q,fukdyif awmav;q,f[k xifrSwfaeMuyg onf/ trSefrSm orxav;q,fu owfowf? awmav;q,fu oD;jcm;jzpfygonf/ orx av;q,fonf ur|mef;av;q,fjzpfonf/ ur|mef;av;q,fwkdYonf orxusifhpOfrsm; jzpf\/ awmav;q,fwkdYonfum; 0dyem usipOfrsm;jzpf\/ yGm;rsm;rIbm0em trnf&Mu hf aomfvnf; ur|mef;av;q,fwkdYonf orx bm0emjzpfNy;D awmav;q,fwum; 0dyem Ydk bm0emw&m;rsm;jzpfavonf/ ur | mef ; (40) - uokdPf;(10)yg;+tokb(10)yg;+tEkwd (10)yg;+tyrnm(4)yg;+onm(1)yg;+00wmef (1)yg;ESifhtmky(4)yg;=aygif;(40) wkdYjzpfonf/ odomkH ur|mef; 40 wkdYukd teuft"dym,f zGifhqkd&aomfuok d P f ; 10 yg;rS m 1/ yx0DuokP;f (ajrtxkudk tmko;D jcm;,l d H Ijcif;) 2/ tmayguokP;f (a&txkudk tmko;D jcm;jyK d H Ijcif;) 3/ awaZmuokdPf; (rD;ukdIjcif;) 4/ 0ga,muokdPf; (avukdIjcif;) 5/ eDvuokdPf; (nKdaomtqif;ukdIjcif;) 6/ yDwuokdPf; (a&Taomtqif;ukd Ijcif;) 7/ avm[dwuokP;f (eDaomtqif;ukjI cif;) d d

FORE ARTICLES
"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ ]awmav;q,f} ukd ]bm0emav; q,f} [kvnf;ac:onf/ ]0dyemav;q,f} [kvnf;ac:onf/ rdrdwkdYonf cEmukd,f? kyf emrfESpfyg;wkdY tzefwvJvJ pGJpGJNrJNrJyGm;rsm; okH;oyfqifjciftyfaom w&m;rsm;jzpfonf/ awm(40)wk d Y u m; atmuf y gtwk d i f ; jzpf onf / 1/ tedpawm (rNrJaomoabmukd IrSwfjcif;) 2/ 'kuawm (qif;&Jaomoabmukd Irwjf cif;) S 3/ a&m*awm (temrsm;aomoabmukd Irwf S jcif;) 4/ *Eawm (ykypyfeapmfaomoabmukd Irwf f H S jcif;) 5/ ovawm (udavom uyfNidwwfaom oabmukd IrSwfjcif;) 6/ tmAm"awm (temES d y f p uf w wf a om oabmudk IrSwfjcif;) 7/ 0,awm (ysufwwfaomoabmukd IrSwf jcif;) 8/ 0,avmuawm (avmuokH;yg;pvkH; ysuf wwfaomoabmukd IrSwfjcif;) 9/ pkwawm (cEm0efupewwfaomoabmukd d dk G Yf IrSwfjcif;) 10/ Oy ' 0 awm (ab;Oyg'f t E & m,f w d k Y ESdyfpufwwfaom oabmukd IrSwfjcif;) 11/ b,awm (ab;jzpfwwfaom oabmukd IrSwfjcif;) 12/ tbdlydawm (tvGefaMumufwwfaom oabmukd IrSwfjcif;) 13/Oyo*awm (uyfpD&ifwwfaomoabm ukd IrSwfjcif;) 14/pvawm (wkevyapwwfaomoabmukd f I f IrSwfjcif;) 15/ yb*kawm (rsm;aomtm;jzifh aysmufwwf F ysufwwfaomoabmudk IrSwfjcif;) 16/ t"k0awm (rNrJaomoabmukdIrSwfjcif;) 17/ twmPawm (uk d ; uG , f & mr&S d a om oabmudk IrSwfjcif;) 18/ tavPawm (ykef;atmif;vJavsmif;&m r&Sdaomoabmukd IrSwfjcif;) 19/ to&Pawm (qnf ; uyf & mr&S d a om oabmukd IrSwfjcif;) pmrsuf E S m 8 ok d Y

Ak'*wum D d
q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) wdwd, 0wK

Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0wdjynf aZw0efausmif;awmf aeawmfrlaomtcg qGrf;vSLaomtcg ponfwkdY &[ef;wkdY tEkarm'emw&m; a[mMum;onf&Sdaomf wdwd wkdYonf igwkum; rkeyyD qdwqwaetH[k Bupum;rajym w&m;ra[maeukeonf [l qkMd uuke\/ Yd d D f d f h H f f taMumif ; uk d bk & m;&S i f M um;awmf r l ]]e armaee rk e d a[mwd } } paom *gxmuk d a[mawmfrlonf/ e armaee rkeD a[mwd? rkVlayg t0d'ok/ a,m p wkvH0 y*,S? 0&rm'g, y@dawm/ ygyged y&d0aZwd? o rkeD awe aom rked/ a,m rkemwd Oabm avmau? ]]rked}} awe y0kpwd/ jref r muAsm awGa0rdef;arm Pfxdef;qdwfvQif? jrwfpGmwynfh rkedrwGif? csdefcGifukdifvsuf csdefpufonfhoGif? ynm&Sd ,lbd aumif;jrwfpOf/ ,kwfrmnpfusL a&SmifrIaMumifhom? xkdynm&Sd rkedrnfwm? ESpfjzmavmu usKd;&udkom? EIdif;,SOfod rkedrnfjyefwm/
Not by silence (alone) does he become a sage who is dull and ignorant, but he who, as if holding a pair of scales, embraces the best and shuns evil, is indeed a wise man. The sage avoids evils: for that reason he is a sage; he that understands both worlds is therefore called a sage.

pum;ajy/ / awGa0rdef;arm oabm&Sdonfjzpftodynmr&SdbJvsuf (wpfa,mufwnf;) pum;ajy qdwfqdwfaekHrQjzifh rkedrnfvwf (&[ef;jrwf) rjzpf/ odkY&mwGif tMuifynm&Sdonf csdefcGifukd ukdifcsD csdefpufumwnfouJhokdY oDvtpk jrwfaus;Zl;ukd ,kHMunfvufcH raumif;rIwkdYukd a&SmifMuOfvQif wu,fppfppf rkedjzpf\/ xkdraumif;rIukd a&SmifMuOfaomaMumifhomvQif xkdynm&Sdyk*Kdvfonf rkedrnfaomoljrwfjzpf\/ tMuifolonf ypKyef oHo&m ESpfjzmavmu (tw[dw y&[dw) ukd,fusKd;olYusKd;ukd EdIif;,SOfod\/ xkdYaMumifh xkdolukd rked[l qkdtyf\/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

vSL'ge;f jcif;ESihf pGeBYf ujJ cif;

&SifP(zsmyk) H
'ge yg&rDESihf oufqdkifaom ykn0d o,'get&m 'ge=vSL'gef;jcif;[k ajymqdkEkdif Muaom pum;ESi?fh pm*=pGeBYf ujJ cif;[kajymqdae k Muaom 'gew&m;? pm*w&m;wdkYrSm t"dyg,f oabmcsif;wlnDrI&Sdr&Sd? avhvmrSwfom;xm; oihMf uayonf/ toDweygwf r[HoZmwfawmf d d ..... ]]'ge oDvH y&dpm*H? tZ0Hr'0HwyH/ taum"Ht0d[d Ho? cEd t0da&m "eH/} [l'geESihf pm*(odkYr[kwf) y&dpm* taMumif; wpfyg;pDcGJjcm;vsuf? jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmf r l c J h o nf / xd k r [H o Zmwf r S jrwfpGmbk&m;\ pum;awmfudk Zmwft|uxm q&mwdkYu ]'o0wKum apwem 'geH? a',s "rpma*g? y&dpma*g...} [lzGihfqdkjy\/ 'ge0wKtaetm;jzihf xif&Sm;aom (1) tE=xrif;paom pm;zG,f? (2) yge= tazsmf,rum-aomufzG,f? (3) 0w=t0wf ouFef;? (4) ,me=xD;zdeyfpaom oHk;aqmif p&m 0wK? (5) rmvm=yef;? (6) *E=eHYomrIefY? (7) 0davye=eHomaysmif;-eHomysp?f (8) ao,s= Y Y tdyf&mae&m? (9) tm0ox=p&yfwefaqmif;? ausmif;? (10) y'Day,s=qDrD;-vQyfppfrD;paom 'ge 0wKq,fyg;udk vSL'gef;aomapwemrSm 'ge vSL'gef;jcif;jzpfonf[lvnf;aumif;? xdkrSwpfyg; vSLzG,f0wKwdkYudk pGefYypf aom apwemonf? pm*(odkY) y&dpm*=ay;pGefY jcif;jzpfonf[lvnf;aumif;? 'geESihf pm* (odkY) y&dpm*wdkY\ oabmt& ypnf;0wKodkY vdkuf cGJjcm;rSwfom;&ayonf/ r[HoZmwf #Dum\ tqdkt&rl -tem*wfoHo&mwGif cHpm;&rnfh tusKd;udkajrmfjrif vSLbG,f0wKudk pGevLS onfrm='ge? rsuarSmufb0 tusK;d udom Yf S f k arQmf a c: ol & J a umif ; trI x rf ; ol w d k Y t m; o*F[w&m;ESihftnD qkvmbfypnf;? 0wKrsm; ay;pGefYjcif;onf=pm*(odkY) y&dpm*=jzpfonf[k #Dumq&mwdkY txl;tm;jzihfzGifhqdkjyMuonf/ Zmwfom"utm;jzihf xyfrHajymqdk &vQirl aw&oedygwf Zmwft|uxm bk&m; f tavmif;tudwd[laom ykPm;ynm&Sdonf rdbESpfyg;uG,fvGefoGm;Muaomtcg usef&pfcJh onfrsm;pGmaom Opmypn;f wdMYk unh ]oHa0*} h f &awmfrum ]Opmypn;f rsm;udk pkaqmif;cJol l h

rdb bdk;bGm;wdkYum; Opmudk pGefY oGm;Muukef NyD? igonfum;? rdbbdk;bGm;wdkYESihf wrlxl;jcm; atmif Opmypnf;wdkYudk ,laqmif oGm;rnf} [ktBujH zpfawmfrNl y;D rif;xHciyefum EkiitESYH G fh d f H pnfvSnhfaMujimaponf/ xdkYaemuf a&muf&Sdvmaom tvSLcH yk*Kd vwtm; Opmypn;f wdukd ckepf&ufwiwif f Ykd Yk kd f kd udk,fwkdif udk,fMuvSL'gef;avonf/ ckepf&uf jynhfaomfvnf; vSLzG,fypnf;rsm; rukefcrf; Ekdifojzihf ]ypnf;awGudk taysmfjyKouJhodkY igapmihNf y;D vSLae tusK;d r&S?d rnforqdk tvdk l &Sdolrsm; vma&muf,laqmifMuyap...} [k BuHpnfNyD;vQif ol\ aetdrf wdkufwm b@m wdkufponfh taqmuftOD;rsm;udk zGihfvSpfxm; cJhNyD;aemuf awmodkYxGufoGm;awmfrlavonf/ aw&oed y gwf Zmwf a wmf v m tavmif;awmf? tudwd\ usihfBuHyHkrSm yxr ckepf&uftwGi;f ud,wiu,us tvSLcHy*Kd vf k f kd f kd f k wdtm; vSLzG,0wKypn;f rsm;udk vSL'gef;jcif;jzpf Yk f 'ge[k rSwfom;Mu&rnfjzpfNyD;? xdkYaemuf Opmypnf;rsm;udk tvdk&Sdolrsm; ,lMuygap[l pGefYypfvsuf ay;xm;cJhonfrSm pm*(odkY) y&dpm *pGefYBuJjcif;[k rSwf,laeMu&rnfjzpfonf/ taMumif ; rS m 'ge[l o nf (1) tvS L ay;yk * d K vf ? (2) vS L zG , f 0 w K yp n f ; ? (3) tvS L cH y k * d K vf ? (4) vS L 'gef ; vd k a om apwemponf h t*F g av;csuf E S i h f jynh f p H k aom aumif ; rI o nf 'ge rnf \ ?

tavmif ; awmf tud w d o nf ck e pf & uf vGefonfhaemuf teD;tyg; tvSLcHyk*dKvf ra&mufao;rD ypnf;OpmwdkYudk pGefYvTwfoGm; aomaMumihf aemufqHk;jyKaom aumif;rIonf 'ge[krajymombJ pm*=pGeBYf ujJ cif;[lac:a0: &ayawmhonf/ tjcm;ukokdvfa&;t&mr[kwfaom udprsm;vnf; wpfpHkwpfckaom ypnf;udk olwpfyg;tm; ay;vsif ygVdvdk a'wd-jrefrmvdk ]ay;onf} [koHk;pGJajymqdkMuonf/ rdrdypnf;udk ],lvdkol ,lap? r,lvdkMuvnf; jzpfvdk&mjzpf ap} [laom qEjzihfpGefYypfvkdufaom oabm udk vSLonf[k rajymMu? vTihfypfonf? pGefYypf onf[lom ajymMuayonf/ tcsKyf o abmajym&aomf rd r d y d k i f Opmypnf;rsm;tm; olwpfyg;udk ukd,fwdkif? ud,us ausauseyfeyf tNy;D tydiay;tyfrukd k f k f I 'ge=ay;vSLonf[ac:? rdryiOpmypn;f rsm; k d kd f udk ydkifqdkifvdkpdwfr&Sdawmhojzihf jzpfvdk&m jzpfap[k vspfvsLIpGefYvTwfjcif;udk pm*=pGefYBuJ onf[lac:onf/ onfrSm 'geESihf pm* (odkY) y&dpm*-udkcGJjcm;a[mMum;awmfrlcsuf jzpfonf/ avmua0g[m&t& 'geESihf pm*rSm wjcm;pDjzpfaomfvnf; w&m;oabmtm;jzihfrl wpfoD;wpfjcm;pDr[kwfEkdif? 'gejzpfvQif y&dpm *jzpfEkdifovdk y&dpm*jzpfvQif 'gevnf;jzpfEkdif pmrsuf E S m 10 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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11

rdwfaqGaumif;tm; rjypfrSm; av;pm;ylaZmfonhftusdK; rdwyZu zv'Dyem (10) *gxm l

"rxufukd (ITBMU) xdkrdwylZu zv'Dyem (10) *gxmwdkYum;? rl*yuZmwf[k ac:qdaom awrd,Zmwfawmf vm&Sav\/ ajrjrK wowf&ef ajrusi;f k d f wl;aeaom okeE&xm;xde;f tm;? tavmif;awmfawrdrif;om;u a[m Mum;aom *gxmjzpfonf/ taqGcifyGef;aumif;wdkYtm; jypfrSm; jcif;rjyK aus;Zl;wHqyfyaZmfaomol\ ylaZmfjcif;tusKd ;udk azmfjyaom *gxmrsm; Yk l jzpfavonf/ (1) y[l w bau m b0wd 0d y 0 k a |mouH C &m? A[keH OyZD0Ed? a,mrdwmeH e'kAwd/ taqGcifye;f wdtm; jypfrm;jcif;rjyK? aus;Zl;wifqyfyaZmfwwf G Yk S l aomolonf? rdrdtdrfrSxGufcGm? t&yfwpfyg;odkYa&mufonf&Sdaomf rsm;pGmaomtpm;taomuftoH;k taqmifwukd &&Sav\/ xdoukd trSD Ykd d k l jyK rsm;pGmaomta>ct&Htoif;tyif;aemufygvlwonfvnf;? tpm; Ykd taomuf toHk;taqmifwdkYtwGuf rSDcdktm;xm;oHk;aqmifMu&ukef\/ taqGcifye;f [lonf jrwfpmbk&m; yapuAk'g ? t&d,moHCm G G olawmfoljrwfESihf rdwfaqGaumif;rsm;udk qdkvdkonf/ ]]rdwmeEd Ak'g'DeH uvsmP rd w m eH } } (2) ,H , H Z ey'H , mwd ? ed * ar &mZ"med a ,m? oA w y l Z d a wm a[mwd ? a,mrd w m eH e'k A w d / taqGcifye;f wdtm; jypfrm;jcif;rjyK? aus;Zl;wifqyfyaZmfwwf G Yk S l aomolonf? oGm;&mvm&m? a&muf&ma&muf&m? t&yfa'otm;vHk; csD;ajrmufylaZmfav;pm;jyKrljcif;udk cH&av\/ (3) emapm&myom [E d ? emwd r nE d c w d , m? oaA t rd a w w &wd ? a,mrd w m eH e'k A w d ? taqGcifyGef;tm; jypfrSm;jcif;rjyK? aus;Zl;wifqyfylaZmfwwf aom oltm; (u) cdk;om;"m;jywdkY rESdyfpufukef/ (c) tpdk;&rif;wdkYonf vnf; rav;rpm;rjyKMuuke/ (*) tvH;k pHaom &efowuausmvevr;f f k l Ykd kd f G f T rdk;Edkifukef\/ (xdkolwdkY &efrrl0HhMuukef) (4) tw K a' g oC&H {wd ? obm,H y#d e E d a wm? wD e H Ow a rma[mwd ? a,mrd w m eH e'k A w d / taqGcifyGef;tm; jypfrSm;jcif;rjyK? aus;Zl;wifqyfylaZmfwwf aomolonf (u) trsufroef; pdwf&Tifvef;vsuf at;csrf;pGmtdrfodkY 0ifa&muf&m\/ (c) tpnf;ta0;? vlpkvla0;obif csD;rGrf;pum; Mum;&\/ ESpfoufMunfEl;&TifjrL;0rf;om&\/ (*) aqGpkrsdK;pkwdkY\ tBuD; tuJ tjrwfy"metjzpfodkY a&muf&Sd&\/ (5) ou w G m ou a wma[mwd ? *k a [mwd o*g&a0g? 0P u d w d b awma[mwd ? a,mrd w m eH e'k A w d / taqGcifyGef;rsm;tm; jypfrSm;jcif;rjyK? aus;Zl;wifqyf? ylaZmf wwfaomolonf? (u) tdktaocH,l&\/ (c) av;pm;jcif;cH,l&\/ (*) *kPfowif;udk r,Gif;&&Sdolaqmifxm;oljzpf&\/ (6) yl Z aum vbawyl Z H ? 0E a um y#d 0 E e H ? ,aomud w d yay g wd ? a,mrd w m eH e'k A w d / taqGcifyGef;tm; jypfrSm;jcif;rjyK? aus;Zl;wifqyfylaZmfwwf aomolonf? (u) ylaZmfoljzpf tylaZmfcH&\/ (c) &Sdcdk;oljzpf &Sdcdk;cH&\/ (*) tNcHt&HjynhfpHkjcif;odkY a&muf&\/ (C) aus;Zl;owif; ausmfaZmjcif;odkYjynfhpHkpGma&muf&\/ (7) t* d , xm yZ v wd ? a'0wm0 0d a &mpwd ? od & d , m tZ[d a wma[mwd ? a,mrd w m eH e 'k A w d / taqGcifyGef;tm; jypfrSm;jcif;rjyK? aus;Zl;wifqyfylaZmfwwf aomolonf? rD;onfxe;f vif;awmufajymifouJovnf;aumif;? ewfrif; G h Ykd onf wihw,fbouJovnf;aumif;? xGe;f vif;awmufajymifusuoa& f d h Ykd f udk tNrJaqmifav\/ (8) *ga0gwyZm,E d ? acaw 0 k w H 0d l [ wd ? 0k w m eH zvroG m wd ? a,mrd w m eH e'k A w d / taqGcifyGef;tm; jypfrSm;jcif;rjyK? aus;Zl;wifqyfylaZmfwwf aomol\ (u) arG;jrLxm;aomEGm;wdkYonf om;udkaygufzGm;ukef\/ (c) v,f,m pdkufysdK;tyfaom rsdK;aphonf toD;jzpfxGef;wdk;yGm;\/ (*) pdkufysdK;tyfaom v,f,mNcHwGif;opfyifoD;yifwdkY\ oD;ESHrsm;pGmudk oHk; aqmif&&Sday\/ (9) '&d a wm yA w mawm0g? k u a wm ywd a wmea&m? pk a wm ywd | H v bwd ? a,mrd w m eH e'k A w d / taqGcifye;f udk jypfrm;jcif;rjyK? aus;Zl;wifqyfyaZmfwwfaom G S l olonf (u) acsmufurf;yg;rS usaomfvnf;aumif;/ (c) awmifay:rS usaomfvnf;aumif;? (*) opfyifrusaomfvnf;aumif;? (C) xdxtjrihf S k kd ponfrS avsmusaomfvnf;aumif;? atmufora&muf axmufwnf&m Ykd udk &&Sday\/ (10) 0d l V rl v oE m eH ? ed a j*m"rd 0 rmvk a wm? trd w m ey o m[E d ? a,mrd w m eH e'k A w d / taqGcifye;f udk jypfrm;jcif;rjyK? aus;Zl;wifqyfyaZmfwwfaom G S l olonf? jyif;xefaomavonf pnfyifaomajratmuftjrpf? ajcaxmuf tjrpftpOf&aom anmifajcaxmuf yanmifyifukd rni;f qJEiouJoYkd dS dk f h &efolwdkYonf rESdyfpufrnif;qJEdkifukef/ onfum; awrd,rif;a[mMum;tyfaom rdwaqGaumif;wdYk f tm; jypfrSm;jcif;rjyK? aus;Zl;wifqyfylaZmfwwfaomolwdkY&tyfaom tusdK;rsm;udk azmfjyaom? ZmwuygVdawmfESifh t|uxmvm? rdwylZu zv'Dyem (10) uxmudk "r0D&w&m;cspfcifolawmfpifwdkYtm; od&Sdusihf oHk;awmfrlEdkifMuygap&ef a&;om;azmfjytyfygonf/ ]]rd w f a qG a umif ; tm;? rjypf r S m ;? av;pm;yl a Zmf o nf / tusd K ;w&m;? xd k o l t m;? trsm;jzpf x G e f ; rnf / }} "r x uf u k d (ITBMU)

CONDITIONAL RELATIONS OF THE CAUSE OF WORLDLY PHENOMENA

12

"r0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

tusKd;w&m;wdkY\ wnf&m 24 yg;aomtaMumif;w&m;wdkYjzihf wefqm qiftyfaom

y|mef;a'oem 0dyemusihpOf "r (5) f

[Hom0wD-OD;tkef;BudKif
oAnKwa&TPfawmfBuD;t&Sif jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf y|mef;a'oemawmfudk a[mMum;awmfrl&m t"dywdypnf;\ yp, eda'oudka[mawmfrlonf\ tjcm;rJhwGif teElyrsKd;wGif yg0ifaom teE&ypnf;\ yp,eda'oudk a[mMum;awmfrlygonf/ a,oH a,oH "rmeH? teE&m a, a, "rm? OyZEd pdw apwodum "rm/ awaw"rm? awoHawoH "rmeH? teE& yp a ,e yp a ,m/ a,oH a,oH-tMuiftMuifa&S;a&S;jzpfukefaom? "rmeHpdwfapwodufw&m;wdkY\? teE&m-tjcm;rJhjzpfukefaom? a,a, "rm-tMuiftMuif aemufaemufjzpfukefaom? pdwapwodum "rmpdwfapwodufw&m;wdkYonf? OyZEd-jzpfukef\/ awaw"rm-xdkxdk a&S;a&S;jzpfukefaom w&m;wdkYonf? awoH awoH"rmeH-xdkxdkaemuf aemufjzpfukefaom pdwfapwodufw&m;wdkYtm;? teE&ypa,etjcm;rJhpkaus;Zl;jyKonfh? teE&yp,owdjzihf? ypa,mOyum&aumaemufaemufw&m;jzpfyGm;avatmif aus;Zl;aqmifonf? a[mwd-jzpf ay\. u pkwdpdwfa&SU? pdwuP wpfq,hfckepfcsufusatmif? urZuvmyf udk;pnf;wdkYonf cPi,fwdkif;wdkY xdkufoihfonfhtm;avsmfpGmjzpf jzpf ysufMuavukef\/ y#doaEaemif yXrb0ifpdwfup? pkwdusatmif? kyfudk jzpfapwwfaom pdwfwdkY\ Oyg'fwdkif; Oyg'fwdkif;wdkYrSm pdwZkyfuvmyf ajcmuf pnf;wdkY xdkufoihfonhftm;avsmfpGmjzpfjzpfysufMuukef\/ y#doaEpdwf\ XDup? ysufaompdwZuvmyfrsm; ukefqkH;onfh wkiatmif cPwki;f cPwki;f wkrm? OwkZuvmyfav;pnf;wkYd xkuoifh d f d d Yd S d f onf h t m;avsmf p G m jzpf jzpf ysuf u k e f \ / A[d ' u tm[m& taxmuftyHh&onfup pkwdusonfhwdkifatmif cPwdkif; cPwdkif; wdkYrSm tm[m&ZuvmyfESpfpnf;wdkY xdkufoihfonfh tm;avsmfpGm jzpfjzpf ysufMuukef\/

emrf w &m;wd k Y j zpf p Of u m;

emrfw&m;wdkYjzpfpOfrSm wpfyg;csif;pDrjzpfMuyJ? pdwfapwoduf wdkYESihf ,SOfwGJum emrfcEmav;yg;pD? twGJvdkuf? twGJvdkufjzpfMuonf/ xdkodkYjzpfyHkudk odapvdk ]emrfcEmrsm;? jzpfavjim;? av;yg;qHkom} [l txuf azmfjycJhaom aqmifyk'fvuFmwGif azmfjycJhygonf/ xdkemrfw&m;av;yg;wdkY jzpfpOfrSmvnf; kyfrsm;uJhodkY uvmyf tpm;pm;wpfyl;wnf; wpfaygif;wnf;jzpfMuonfhenf;wl? emrfcEm av;yg;pD av;yg;pD tcsif;csif;wyl;wpfaygif;wnf; rjzpfMuyJ a&SUaemuf cEmwdkY wpfwGJpD wpfwGJpD jzpfay:aeMuonfudk &nf ]]pdwuPcsif;? jzpfwHkvsif;? yl;jcif;r&Sdyg/ ykwD;uHk;oGif? pDyif? jzpftif "rwm}} [k a&SUuazmfjycJhaom vuFmaqmifyk'fwGif a&;om;cJhygonf/ emrfcEmtaMumif; ypnf;ESihf teE&tusKd; yp,kyefw&m; odkYjycJhonfhtwdkif; emrfcEmav;yg;pD av;yg;pD tpOf twdkif;wpfpHkpD csKyfysufNyD;rS wpfpHkpDwpfpHkpDjzpfay: aeMu&mwGif a&S;csKyfNyD;aom emrfcEmu taMumif;ypnf;w&m;? aemufaemufrS emrf cEm av;yg;pDtopftopfjzpfay:vmMuwmu teE&tusKd;yp,kyef w&m;tjzpf jzpfyGm;Muavonf/ uJoYkd taMumif;tusK;d quf jzpfMuonfukd Oyrmwifpm; h qdk&aomf pMumrif;BuD;rsm; ewf&Gmvm;jcif;onf tcsnf;ESD;tvum; aooGm;onfr[kwfyJ? om;BuD;Mo&oudk xD;eef; tarGqufcH&&Sd&ef aumif;aumif;BuD; aus;Zl;jyKaomtm;jzihf ewf&Gmvm;&ovdk? a&S;a&S; emruEmav;yg;wdkY csKyfysufoGm;Mu&mvnf; tcsnf;ESD;rcsKyfMuyJ aemufaemufqufjzpfMurnfh emruEmav;yg;wdkYtm; aumif;aumif; BuD;jzpfcGihfudkay;aomtm;jzihf aus;Zl;jyKMuonfudk odapvdk? y|mef; ygVdawmfBuD; ]]a,oH a,oH "rmeH teE&m? a,a,"rm OyZEd? pd w a pwod u m "r m ? awaw"r m awoH awoH "r m eH teE&ypa,e ypa,m}} [k jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlonfudk

aqmif y k ' f v uF m rS w f p &m

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) emrfcEmrsm;? jzpfavjim;? av;yg;qHkom/ pdwcPcsif;? jzpfwHkvsif;? yl;jcif;r&Sdyg/ ykwD;uHk;oGif? pDyif? jzpftif"rwm/ a&SUcEmrsm;? ypnf;xm;? aemufum;ypKyfom/ pMumrif;ao? eef;&ap? tarGom;BuD;om/ yrm&? csKyforQ? jyKMuaus;Zl;om/ a&S;csKyforQ? tedp? IMu0dyem/

teE & yp n f ; wd u f y k ' f t &ES i h f tusOf ; rS w f & ef u m;

1/ a&S;a&S;ukokdvfu aemufaemuf tjcm;rJhukokdvf? tAsmuwwdkYtm; aus;Zl;jyK\/ 2/ a&S;a&S;ukovu aemufaemuftjcm;rJh tukov?f tAsmuwwdtm; dk f dk Yk aus;Zl;jyK\/ 3/ a&S;a&S;tAsmuwu aemufaemuftjcm;rJh tAsmuw ukodkvf? tukodkvfwdkYtm; aus;Zl;jyK\/ onfum; y|mef;a'oemawmftvdkwnf;/ od&SdawmfrlEkdif Mu&ef jyqdk&rl? avmuBuD;tm;vHk;udk y&rwfe,fu tusOf;csKH; jy&vQif kyfemrfESpfyg;om&Sdukef&m\/

k y f e mrf c E m wd k Y j zpf p Of t usOf ; csKyf

kyfemrfESpfyg;wdkYwGif kyfw&m;wdkYjzpfMuyHkrSm wpfckpD wpfck pDrjzpfMuyJ tenf;qHk;&Spfyg;pk? udk;yg;pk? q,fyg;pk? q,hfwpfyg;pk? q,fhESpfyg;pk? q,fhoHk;yg;pktm;jzihf? ajcmufrsKd;ajcmufpm;wdkY? tpkvdkuf tpkvdkufjzpfysuf aeMu&mwGif kyf0DxdjzpfpOfum; y#doaEpdwf Oyg'f

CONDITIONAL RELATIONS OF THE CAUSE OF WORLDLY PHENOMENA

"r0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

13

tusOf;tm;jzihf odapvdk (a&S;cEmrsm;? ypnf;xm;? aemufum; teE & yp O f ; 0d y em I u G u f ypKyom/ pMumrif; ao? eef;&ap? tarGom;Bu;D om/ yrm&? csKyorQ? f f teE&ypnf; 0dyem IvdkMuaom a,m*DwdkYonf jyKMuaus;Zl;om) [kaqmifyk'fjyK a&;jytyfygonf/ a&S;u jycJhonfh wpfckwpfckpDaom emrfcEmwdkYonf tjcm;rJhw&m;udk aus;Zl;jyKaomtm;jzihf csKyfysufMuonfh ypKyefcPysuf tedpudk emru E m wd k Y j zpf p Of t usOf ; dk D d onfwkdYum; wdufESihfrydkif;jcm;yJ? omrnemrfcEmwdkY? tpOf rxifjrifEiMf uaomfvnf; odv;kH emrf0xwYkd a&SUaemufoEwd tpOftm; jzpf aus;Zl;jyKyHkudk jyjcif;jzpfonf/ wdufESihf ydkif;jcm; jy&ygrl? a&S; jzihf jzpfysufMuonfudkrl 0dyemPfrsufpdjzihf rdatmif zrf;EkdifMu&m a&S;ukokdvfemrfcEmwdkYu aemufaemuf tjcm;rJhemrfcEmukokdvftm; \/ a&S;a&S;u tedp 0dyem IvdkufNyD; csKyfcsKyfoGm;aom vnf;aumif;? aemufaemuftjcm;rJh b0if? w'gHk? pkwd? zdkvftAsmuw f f f f G emrfcEmwdkYtm;vnf;aumif;? teE&owdjzihf aus;Zl; jyKMuonf/ pdwu?kd aemufaemuf 0dyempdwu ]tedp} [k INy;D csKyysuom;onfh (wpfenf;) a&S;a&S;tukodkvfemrfcEmwdkYu aemufaemuf tjcm;rJh a&SU0dyem pdwftqufqufwdkYudk PfESihfrdatmifMunhf aemufu tukodkvf emrfcEmwdkYtm;vnf;aumif;? aemufaemuftjcm;rJh b0if? uyfvkdufaeaom 0dyempdwf tqufqufwdkYjzihf ]tedp? tedp} [k w'gHk? pkwd? tAsmuw emrfcEmwdkYtm;vnf;aumif;? teE& owdjzihf xifatmifjrifatmif 0dyemaZmcsif;xyfaeatmif qufaeatmif aus;Zl ; jyKMu\/ (wpf e nf ; ) a&S ; a&S ; 0d y guf ? Bwd , m? tAsmuw IMu&ef&nf (a&S;csKyforQ? tedp? IMu0dyem) [k aqmifyk'f emruEmav;yg;wdkYu aemufaemuftjcm;rJh 0dyguf? Bwd,m? tAsmuw vuF m rS m a&;jycJ h y gonf / onf I e nf ; um; tusOf ; rQjyjcif ; emrfcEmav;yg;wdkYtm;vnf;aumif;? aemufaemuf tjcm;rJh 0dyguf? jzpfayonf/ ypnf;um; teElyed, ypnf;rsKd;csnf;aywnf;/ Bwd , m? tAsmuwemrf c E m av;yg;wk d Y t m;vnf ; aumif ; uk o d k v f ,if ; teE l y ed ,rsKd ; &xd k u f a om yp n f ; wd k Y u m; emruEmav;yg;wdkYtm;vnf;aumif;? aemufaemuf tjcm;rJh tukodkvf (1) teElyed,? (2) teE&/ (3) oreE&? (4) tmao emruEmav;yg;wdtm;vnf;aumif;? teE&owdj zihf aus;Zl;jyKMuonf 0e? (5) ewd? (6) 0d*w[lonfh ajcmufyg;aom ypnf;w&m;wdkYonf Yk \ tjzpfrsm;udk ygVdawmf a[mjyonfhtwdkif; aqmif&GufvG,fMuap rdrdwdkY\ tjcm;rJhjzpfjim; emrfcEmav;yg;wkdYtm; xkdufonfhtm;avsmfpGm jcif;tusKd;iSm ]a&S;a&S; ukodkvfu aemufaemuf tjcm;rJh ukodkvftAsm rdrdwkdY\ owdjzihf aus;Zl;jyKMuukefav\/ onfum; teE&ypnf; uwtm; aus;Zl;jyK\} pojzihf azmfjycJhyg\/ um; emruEmwdkY tusOf;rQ jycsufNyD;\/ oreE&ypnf;onfvnf; enf;twdkif;yif jzpfpOf (0g) emrf0DxdwdkYjzpfpOftusOf;aywnf;/ rSwf,lEkdifrnfjzpfayonf/ [H o m0wD O D ; tk e f ; Bud K if aemuf a usmzk H ; rS
. - - 4. musavada veramani-abstinence from falsehood. .

(5) ydokP0gpm a0&rPd- ukef;wdkufjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/

. - 5. pisunavaca veramani-abstinence from committing .

(6) zko0gpm a0&rPd- Murf;wrf;,kwfrmaom pum;udkajymqdk jcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ (7) oryvmy0gpm a0&rPd-tESpfuif;jcif;? odrfzsif;jcif;pum;udk ajymqdkjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;[l okpkduf0pDuHqdkif&m (4)yg; (8) tebdZm -olwpfyg;Opmudk rdrdOpmjzpfvdkrIjzihf rBuHpnfjcif;/
. 8. anabhijjha veramani-abstaining from being covetuous; .

. - 6. pharusavaca veramani-abstinence from using abusive language. . . - 7. samphappalapavaca veranmani-abstinence from indulging . inanities.

aygif;vdkufwJhtcg ok*wdom;vrf; aumif;rIuovjf yKvyjf cif;? ukovuryxw&m;(10)yg; G k dk k &&Sdygw,f/ w&m;rQwrI u d k ud k , f j zih f j yKusih f j cif ; (3)yg; 1/ olYtoufudk owfjcif;rSa&SmifMuOfjcif;? oem;Muifemwwfjcif;? ow 0gtm;vHk;wdkY&JU tusKd;pD;yGm;udk vdkvm;aexdkifjyKrljcif;/ 2/ ydkif&Sifray;wJh Opmypnf;udk cdk;,lrIrS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ b,ftcg b,fae&mrS awGUawGU olwpfyg; ypnf;udk cdk;vdkaompdwfjzihf r,ljcif;/ 3/ umrrIwrm rSm;rSm;,Gi;f ,Gi;f jyKusijfh cif;wdrS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ tapmifh Ykd S Yk ta&Smuf&SdwJh rdef;r? umrydkif&SdwJh rdef;rawGudk usL;vGefrjypfrSm;jcif;/

some mental Actions (Kusala-mano-kamma)?

w&m;rQwrI u d k EI w f j zif h ajymqd k j cif ; (4)yg;

1/ r[kwfrrSefajymqdkrIrS a&SmifMuOfjci;f/ b,fae&m b,ftcsdefrSmyJ jzpfjzpf oufaotaeeJY ac:,lar;jref;cJh&ifawmif? rodwmudk rod? rjrifwmudk rjrifb;l vdajymjcif;? odwmudk odw,fvajymjcif;? jrifwmudk Yk Ykd jrifw,fvajymjcif;/ 'Dvkd ud,twGuaMumihyjJ zpfjzpf? wHp;kd vufaqmif Ykd k hf f f twGufaMumihfyJjzpfjzpf? odygvsuf jrifygvsuf rkom;rajymjcif;/ 2/ &efwdkufpum;ajymMum;jcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ cifrifaeMuolrsm; tcsi;f csi;f pdw0rf;uGjJ ym;atmif? wpfO;D xHu Mum;wJpum;udk tjcm;wpf f h OD;tm; rajymMum;jcif;/ nDTwfaphpyfa&; pum;rsKd;udkom ajymqdkjcif;/ 3/ rMum;aumif; remom Murf;wrf;,kwfrmaom qJa&;wdkif;xGmaom pum;rsKd;udk ajymqdkjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ tjypfuif;pifNyD; ESpfvdkzG,f &SdwJhpum;rsKd;udkom ajymqdkjcif;/ 4/ tESpfryg? odrfzsif;ao;EkyfwJhpum;udk ajymqdkjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ tusKd;ESihfpyfwJhpum;udkomajymqdkavh&Sdjcif;/ w&m;"reJY pyfwJh pum;

(9) tAsmyg' -olwpfyg; ysufjym;ap&ef rBuHpnfjcif;/

. - 9. avyapada veramani-abstinence from harbouring ill-will against . others;

10. samaditth1- abstaining from entertaining wrong views, and .. realizing that a person is heir to his karma ie volitional activities from the past or in the present; kamma assakatasammaditthi. .. ukovuryxw&m;(10) Dasa-Kusala-Kammaphaqdkwm

(10) orm'd|d-uH uH\ tusKd;udk,HkMunfjcif;[l raemuHqkdif&m (3) yg;tm;jzihf aygif;(10)yg;jzpfonf/

txufygw&m;(10)yg;wdukd aygif;ke;f vduwtcgrSm? ud,eYJ Yk k f hJ k f jyKusih f w J h w&m;rQwrI ( 3)yg; 3 Wholesome Bodity Actions? EIwfeJYajymqdkwJh w&m;rQwrI (4)yg; Wholesome Vorbal Actions (Kusala-Vaci-kamma)? pdweYJ BupnfwhJ w&m;rQwrI (3)yg; 3 Wholef H

TERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

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"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ (9) Asmyg'-olwpfyg;ysufpD;atmifBuHjcif;/ (10) rdpm'd|d -t,lrSm;jcif;/
- 9. byapada-thinking of bringing about someone's downfall. 10. micchaditthi-entertaining wrong views. ..

tqHk;treJYpyfwJhpum;wdkYudkom ajymqdkavh&Sdjcif;/ oihfawmfwJh tcsdef tcgrSm usK;d aMumif;qDavsmwrwom;avmufwhJ pum;rsK;d udom ajymqdk f hJ S f k avh&Sdjcif;/ w&m;rQwrI u d k pd w f j zih f BuH p nf j cif ; (3)yg; 1/ olwpfyg; ypnf;Opmudk udk,hfOpmjzpf&ef rBuHpnfjcif;/ 'DvlYpnf;pdrf OpmawG[m igYOpmawGrsm;jzpf&ifaumif;rSmyJ &,fvYkd a&S;IrBupnfjcif;/ H 2/ olYudkysufpD;apvdkwJh pdwfr&Sdjcif;/ vHk;pHkrsm;pGm? ow0g? ab;uGm&ef rmefuif;ygap? aMumihfMucyfodrf; at;Nidrf;Muygap? qif;&Jcyfodrf; at;Nidrf;Muygap/ csrf;omudk,fpdwfNrJMuygapvdkY rysufpD;apvdkwJh pdwf tBuHtpnf&Sdjcif;/ 3/ rSefaomt,l&Sdjcif;/ ay;vSLjcif;&JU tusKd;&Sdw,f? ylaZmfjcif;&JU tusKd; &Sw,f/ aumif;rI-raumif;rI&UJ tusK;d &Sw,f/ 'DavmuqdwmvJ&w,f/ d d k dS wrvGeavmuvJ&w,f/ trdaus;Zl;&Sw,f? tzaus;Zl;&Sw,f/ aovdYk f dS d d wpfzefjyefjzpfMuwJh ow0gawGvJ&Sdw,f/ 'Davmuudka&m wpfyg;aom avmuuda&m? ud,wix;l wJh PfeYJ odNy;D rsuarSmufjyKum? jyefvnf k k f kd f f a[majymawmfrlEkdifwJh? rSefuefnDGwfaom tusihfodum&SdawmfrlMuwJh &[ef;olawmfaumif; ynm&SdBuD;awG avmurSm&SdaeMuygw,f&,fvdkY razmufrjyef rSefuefwJhtjrif&Sdjcif;/ 'gawGu aumif;jrwfwJh? wenf; olawmfaumif;awG usihfoHk; aqmufwnfwJh "rp&d,tusihf ukovuryxw&m;? aumif;jrwfwJh okpdkufw&m; tusihfjrwfrsm;jzpfygw,f/ avmurSm 'Dvaumif;jrwfwhJ tusiw&m;rsm;jzpfwhJ okp&dw kd fh vdkYac:wJh? ukovuryxw&m;(10)yg;&Sdovdk? tjcm;wpfzufrSmvJ raumif;wJhtusihf? raumif;rIppfppf? 'kp&dwvdkYac:wJh tukov ur yxw&m;qdk;awGvJ&Sdygw,f/ 'Dvkd 'kp&dwac:wJh raumif;wJ'pduf (ducarita- evil)w&m; h k k uvJ (10)yg; (Ten types of evil= akusala kammapatha) &Sdygw,f/ ud k , f e J Y q d k i f w J h um,'k p d k u f ( 3)yg;

w&m;rQwrI & S d & if t* b H k r S m pH p m;Ed k i f w ,f / txufrSmazmfjycJhwJh w&m;rQwrI&SdwJh um,uHrI? 0pDuHrI? raemuHrI okpdkufukodkvfuHudk jyKvkyfusihfaqmifjcif;aMumihf? 'Davmu 'Db0rS cEmysuausu,veNf y;D wJaemuf ewfjynfewf&mpwJh jrihjf rwfwhJ f G f G h G t*bHkawGrSm pHpm;cHpm;EkdifMuygw,f/ tvm;wl w&m;rrQwrI&SdwJh um,uHr?I 0pDur?I raemuHrI tukov'pduuawGukd jyKvyusL;vGef H kd f k k f H k f jypfrSm;Mujcif;aMumifh raumif;wJhtyg,fi&JpwJh 'k*wdbHkawGrSm yifyef; qif;&JBuD;pGm cHpm;Mu&ygw,f/ tvd k & S d o vd k bH k p Of p H 0 if E k d i f M uyH k 'gwG i f r uyg/ 'D w &m;rQwrI uk o vur y xw&m;ud k usihfaqmifMujcif;aMumifh tJ'Dyk*dKvfawGu tvdk&SdcJhMuyg&if aoqHk;NyD; onf\aemuf rif;rsKd ;rSmvJjzpfEiMf uygw,f/ rsm;aomOpm<u,f0csr;f om kd wJh olaX;ol<u,frsdK;rSmvJ jzpfEdkifMuygw,f/ pwkr[m&mZf? wm0wd H ompwJh ewfjynfajcmufxyfe?YJ jA[mjh ynfrmvJyJ jzpfEiMf uygw,f/ tvdk S kd &ScMhJ uyg&if tmoa0guif;uGmwJ&[Emrsm;vJjzpfEip&m taMumif;awG d h kd f trsm;tjym;yJ &SdMuygw,fvdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif a[mMum;awmfrlyg w,f/ uk o d k v f w &m;usih f a qmif w m[m "r p &d , mrnf w ,f tJ'b&m;a[mpum;awmfukd taxmuftxm;jyKv?Ykd t|uxm D k q&mawGuvJ 'D ]]ukovuryxw&m;q,fyg;}} udk usiaqmifjcif;[m fh "rp&d,mrnfygw,fvdkY qdkrdefYawmfrlMuygw,f/ 'Dvdk ukovuryxw&m;q,fyg;wdkYudk usihfaqmifjcif;[m? ewfjynf? jA[mhjynf? vlYjynfpwJh t*bHkawGrSm csrf;omjcif;okct00eJY pHpm;cHpm;Edkifjcif;&JUtaMumif;jzpfwJhtwGuf BuD;yGm;csrf;oma&;r*Fvm -yamma) rnfygw,fvdkYvJ t|uxmq&mrsm;u qdkrdefYawmfrlMuw,f/ Three types of evil committed through deeds(Ka (1). ygPmwdygw -olYtoufudk owfjcif;/ csrf ; omjcif ; &J U taMumif ; &if ; w&m; - -- 1. panat1pata-killing. 'gayr,hf t|uxmq&mrsm;udk,fwdkif udk;um;azmfjywJhygVd (2). t'dEm'ge- olYOpmcdk;jcif;/ awmfawGxJrSmyJ? ]]tvdk&SdcJhr,fqdk&if tmoa0guif;uGm&[EmyifjzpfEkdif - 2. adhinnadana-stealing. p&mtaMumif;&Sdw,f}} vdkY qdkwJhpum;udk axmufcsihfygu? 'Dw&m;"r (3) umarokrdpm pm&- olYom;r,m;jypfrSm;jcif;/ ukovuryxw&m;udk usiaqmifjcif;[m? 'Db0rSmyif Bu;D yGm;csr;f om hf - 3. kamesumicchacara- committing adultery with another man's jcif;&JUtaMumif;vJjzpfw,fvdkY qdkawmfrlMuygw,f/ wife. w&m;apmih f o l u d k w&m;ujyef a pmif h j cif ; EI w f e J Y q d k i f w J h 0pD ' k p d k u f ( 4)yg; -kamma) rsdK;EG,foDv? apmihfwHku? i,fuaodk;r&Sdyg/ Four types of evil committed through speech(Vaci okpdkufq,fyg;? jrwfw&m;? apmihfjim;ouf&Snfvm/ (4) rkom0g'- vdrfvnfajymqdkjcif;/ -vada-telling lies. (Zmwf? |? 4-49) 4. musa (5) ydokP0gpm- ukef;wdkufajymqdkjcif;/ w&m;"r u sih f a qmif j cif ; tusd K ; - 5. pisunavaca-formenting trouble between people. oDvyrm? tm;udk;&m? vlY&GmvGef&Sm;yg;/ (6) zko0gpm- Murf;wrf;,kwfrmqJa&;wdkif;xGmjcif;/ cPrQwm? oufpGefYum? apmihfygcsrf;omyGm;/ - 6. pharusavaca- using abusive language. ("H? |? 2? 328) (7) oryvmy0gpm- tusKd;r&Sd ydefzsif;wJh pum;udkajymqdkjcif;/ ukovuryxw&m;u toufi,fi,f&,&,eYJ raoaMumif;? G fG f 7. samphappalapa- engaging in idle talk. tm,k0#aq;pGrf;aumif;wpfvufozG,fjzpfw,fqdkwmudk txufyg pd w f e J Y q d k i f w J h raem'k p d k u f ( 3)yg; vuFmaqmifyk'fu? Zmwu|uxmvm"rygv 0wKaxmufjyNyD;awmh? Three types of evil intent(Manokamma) w&m;"r a qmuf w nf u sih f a qmif j cif ; qd k w m[m? 'D r suf a rS m uf b 0 (8) tbdZm-olwpfyg;ypnf;udk rw&m;&vdk a&S;IBuHjcif;/ csr;f omjcif;&JUtaMumif;jzpfwtwGuf Bu;D yGm;csr;f oma&;r*Fvmrnfygw,f/ hJ 8. abhijja-covetuousness.

TERAVADA PERSPECTIVE
"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ e*dku qdk;npfayawaewJh cdk;om;"m;jyawGuawmifrS acw cPuav;rSm ig;yg;oDvw&m;udk cH,laqmufwnfusihfaqmifMuwJh twGuf? olwdkYwawGaoqHk;oGm;wmeJYwpfNydKifeuf ewfjynfewf&GmrSmyJ jrefpGmbk&m;ESpfqlwkdY&JU tMum;umvywfvkH;rSm pkefqefvl;vm ewf pnf;pdrfawGudk cHpm;aeMu&ygw,f/ a*gwrjrwfpGm yGihfawmfrlwJhtcg vljzpfvmMuNyD;awmh uRwfwef;0ifoGm;Muw,fvdkY? "r o*FPDygVdawmf? t|uxmvm0wKwpf&yfu Tefjyygw,f/ ok p d k u f t usd K ;rsm; 'ghtjyif? ukovuryxw&m;? 'grSr[kwf okpduw&m; (10) k f yg;udk apmifhxdef;vkdufemjyKusihfol[m? ukd,feJYra&GU&Sm;? EIwfeJYra&GU&Sm;? pdwfeJYvJ ra&GU&Sm;yJ olY&JUum,uH[mvJ ajzmifhw,f/ 0pDuHvJ ajzmihf w,f/ raemuHvJ ajzmihfw,f/ vm;&m*wdvJ ajzmifhw,f/ b0rSm jzpfrI awGuvJ ajzmihfw,f/ vm;&m*wd a jzmih f r wf aumif ; jcif ; tJ'Dvdkvm;&m*wdajzmifhvdkY? b0rSm jzpfrIajzmifhwJhol[m? ewfjynfeJYvlYjynfu ypnf;Opm<u,f0csrf;omwJhtrsdK;qdkwJh? vm;&m*wd ESpfrsdK;xJu wpfrsdK;rsdK;aomvm;&m*wdudk a&mufMu&ygw,f/ uH & J U tarG c H a wG j zpf M u&wJ h t wG u f 'Dvdkukovuryxw&m; (10) yg;&JU oabmobm0taeeJY tusKd ;ay;wJh xif&m;&SwuaMumih?f ow0gjzpfMu&wJae&mrSm aumif;rGef S d hJ H h jrihfjrwfcsrf;omwJhb0rSmjzpfvmMu&wmjzpfw,f/ 'g[m udk,fjyKwJhuH&JU tusdK;&v'faMumifhyJ jzpfvmMu&wm jzpfygw,f/ 'DvdkjzpfvmMu&wJhae&mrSm ow0gawG[m olwdkYjyKcJhMuwJh uH&JUtusdK;udk cHpm;Mu&ygw,f/ ow0gawGqdkwm[m uH&JUtarGcHawG jzpfMu&ygw,f/ aumif;wJhokpdkufvkyfMu&if aumif;wJhuH&JUtusdK;udk cHpm;Mu&r,f/ raumif;wJh'kpdkufawGudk jyKvkyfMu&if raumif;wJhuH tusdK;ay;udk cHMu&rSm rvGJ{uefjzpfygw,f/ b0qd k o nf r S m ow0gwdkY&JUjzpfjcif;? ow0gwdkY&JU jzpf&mbHkXmeawGrSm? tJ'Dvdk aumif;uHraumif;uHtusdK;awGudk cHpm;Mu&wJhtjzpfudk b0 bhava (animate) existence; life vdkY ac:ygw,f/ realm of existence; domain of sentient beings; plane or level inhabited by a certain class of beings (plane and forme of existence have been categorised as- tJ'Db0awGqdkwmuexistence,

15

(*) ae0onD e monD b 0- onmpaom emrf w &m;&S d o nf v nf ; r[kwf? r&Sdonfvnf;r[kwfaomb0/ 0gum&b0(C) ya0gum&b0 cEm (5) yg;&Sdaom b0/

- (c) nevasai nasai bhava- existence with neither perception nor non-perception; perception nor non- perception; (d) pacavokarabhava- existence in the shape of five aggregates. (e) catuvokarabhava- existence in the shape of four aggregates; (f) ekavokarabhava-existence with only one aggregate; (g) kamabhava- existence in the abodes of sensual pleasure; (h) rupabhava- existence in physical form only; (i) arupabhava- existence without physical form.

(i) pwka0gum&b0- cEm (4) yg;&Sdaom b0/

{ua0gum&b0(p) {ua0gum&b0 cEm (1) yg;om&Sdaomb0/ umrb0(q) umrb0 umrbHkjzpfrI/ (Z)lyb0- lybHkjzpfrI/

b0(ps) tlyb0 tlybHkjzpfrI/

tJ'azmfjyygbHb0awGrm usivnfjzpfwnfaeMu&wJh ow0g D k S f awG[m? rdrdwdkYjzpfwnfusifvnfMu&mb0udk wyfrufESpfoufom,m aewwfMuygw,f/ 'gudk b0wPSmvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ bhavatanha= . craving for the present existence.

wPSmqdkwmu wyfrufjcif;jyif;wJh avmbw&m;jzpfygw,f/ tJ'DwPSmrSm (3) yg;? (3) pm;&SdMuygw,f/ tanha= craving are con. sisting of the following:- tJ'DwPSmawGuawmh(1) umrwPSm- umr*kPftmHkrsm;udk wG,fwmESpfoufrI/
1. kamatanha= craving for sensual pleasure. . -

(2) b0wPS m = rd r d j zpf w nf & mb0ud k wyf r uf E S p f o uf o m,mrI oabm/

2. bhavatanha= craving for life in this existence, . -

(3) 0db0wPSm= avmu vlewfjA[mow0g[lr&Sd/ ,if;wdkYjzpf &m wnf&mb0vnf;r&Sd/ kyfemrfwdkY\jzpfrIysufrIrQom&Sdaeonfudkyif vufrcHEdkifyJ? vuf&SdynwftmHkb0pGJwef;vef;BuD;rS uif;vGwfcsifrI/

3. vibhavatanha= craving for non- existence founded on a nihilis. tic view of existence.

1/ (u) umrb0- umr (11) bHk/

1. (a) kammabhava- the eleven planes of existence given to sensual pleasure ie, the four miserable states of existence, that human world and the six celestial abodes;

(c) lyb0- ly (16) bHk/

(b) rupabhava- the 16 planes of (Brahma) existence where its inhabitants assume physical form; (c) arupa- bhava- the four planes of (Brahma) existence where its inhabitants do not assume material form;

(*) tlyb0- tly (4) bHk/

onf w d k Y o nf u m; b0 (3) yg;wnf ; / 2/ (u) onDb0- emrfom&Sdaomb0/ (c) tonDb0- kyfom&Sdaomb0/

2.(a) sai bhava- existence without physical form, conscious existence; (b) asaibhava- existence without consciousness; physical

'gawGuawmh ow0gtm;vHk; rdrdwdkYjyKcJhMuwJhokpdkuftusdK;? 'kpdkuftusdK;awGt& jzpfwnfcHpm;Mu&wJh jzpf&musifvnf&mb0 tusdK;ay;awGyJjzpfygw,f/ ]]ig;rnf o D v ? oH k ; 0ok p d k u f ? ES p f N cd K uf r S w f o m;? w&m; aumif ; jrih f ? usih f & jcif ; onf ? wpf y g;rnf \ }} rHka&G;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u "rp&d,r*Fvm&JU tESpfom& oabmt"dym,fudk qdkrdefYawmfrlcJhygw,f/ ig;yg;oDveJY um,okpdkuf? 0pDokpdkuf? raemokpdkufqdkwJh okpdkufw&m; (3) yg; aumif;rGefjrihfjrwfwJh 'Dw&m;udk rSwfom;NyD; ESpfoufpGmusihfaqmifMu&jcif;[m? ukovuryxw&m; (10) yg;wdkYudk aumif;pGmusiaqmifjcif;qdw?hJ "rp&d,r*FvmrnfaMumif; wifjytyfyg fh k onf/ ]]pif M u,f a omvrf ; ay: avQmuf v S r f ; Ed k i f M uygap..}} "r 0 D & -oE m atmif tjynf j ynf q d k i f & max&0g' Ak ' o moemjyKwu o d k v f &ef u k e f N rd K U/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

"r0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/ onfvnf; raumif;aomtusKd;udkay;\[lvnf;aumif; qdk&rvdk jzpf\/ xdkodkYqdkEdkif&ef avmu oufaotjzpf taxmuftxm; rsm;pGm&dS\/ 'kpdkufvkyfief;jzifh csrf;om<u,f0olrsm;pGmudk awGU&\/ okpdkufvkyfief;jzifh qif;&JrGJawaeolrsm;pGmudkawGU&\/ xdkYaMumifh rsuf j rif t axmuf t xm;rsm;t& tuk o d k v f u raumif ; usKd ; ud k ay;onf[laom a'oemonfvnf;aumif;? ukodkvfu aumif;usK;d udk ay;onf[aom a'oemonfvnf;aumif; ure,mrt& rvGJraoG l d rkcs{uefrSefonf[k qdk&efcufaMumif;jyEkdifyg\/ tu,f xdkodkYqdkyg uvnf; vufcH,HkMunf&ef cufonf[l taMumif;jyEdkifyg\/ xdkodkY rsufjriftaxmuftxm;rsm;t&vnf; 'kpdkuform; rsm;u csrf;omNyD; okpdkuform;rsm;u qif;&Jonf[kqdkvQif xdkodkYqdk onf r S m rS e f y g\/ ord k i f ; taxmuf t xm;rsm;t&vnf ; aumif ; ? pnfolrif;BuD;ESifh om;awmfe&olwdkY\ om"uudvnf;aumif;? bmom k a&;pmayt&vnf; Adrdom&rif;BuD;ESifh om;awmftZmwowfwdkY\ om"uudvnf;aumif; axmufojzifh tukovf vkyief;u aumif;usK;d k I kd f udkay;Edkifonf[k qkdzG,f&dSonfrSm trSefyifjzpfyg\/ od&mwGif tukovfvkyfief;jzifh aumif;usKd;udk &csifrS&\/ Yk kd r&olrsm;vnf;&dS\/ ukokdvfvkyfief;jzifh raumif;usKd;udk &csifrS&\/ r&olrsm;vnf;&d\/ tukovvyief;jzifh toufarG;olwi;f Bu;D yGm;onf S kd f k f kd r[kwf? ukodkvfvkyfief;jzifh toufarG;olwdkif;vnf; qif;&JrGJawonf r[kw/ f trSeftm;jzifh tukodkvfvkyfief;aMumifh BuD;yGm;csrf;om jcif ; onf vnf;aumif;? ukodkvfvkyfief; aMumif h qif ; &J r G J a wjcif ; vnf onfvnf;aumif; "rtay: opm azmufjcif;jzpf\/ uHESifhuH\ tusKd ; wd k Y vd k u f a vsmnD a xG r I r&d S j cif ; onf "r t ay:op m azmuf j cif ; rnf \ / "r t ay:op m azmuf j cif ; rS e f o rQ "r \ 'Pf c wf j cif ; ud k c H & rnf r S m rvG J r aoG r S e f v S a y\/ ouf a &muf t m; ESihf wefjyefoufa&muftm;wdkY\ ed,mrt& tykyfcsjcif;cH&aom "ronf rdrdtay: tykyfcsoltm; jyef'Pfcwf&onfrSm ra&Smif vGJEdkifaom ed,mrt&jzpf\/ xdked,mrtwdkif; "ru 'Pfcwfrnf aocsmyg\/ rSm aocsmyg\/ odkY&mwGif ]]rnfonfh tcsdef'Pfcwfrnfenf;}}[l tcsd e f u mvES i f h y wf o uf NyD ; pOf ; pm;p&mom&d S \ / xd k Y a Mumif h umvt& raocsmaomf v nf ; ed , mrt& 'Pf c wf r nf u awmh tvG e f y if aocsmyg\/ tuk o d k v f v k y f i ef ; aMumif h csrf ; om&mwG i f tuk o d k v f u aumif;usKd;ay; csrf;omonfr[kwf/ ukodkvfjyKpOfu tukodkvf a&maESmoGm;ojzifom tukovvyief; ukovu aumif;usK;d ay;jcif; h kd f k f kd f jzpf \ / uk o d k v f v k y f i ef ; aMumif h qif ; &J r G J a wjcif ; rS m vnf ; rl v tukodkvfjyKpOfu ukodkvf a&maESmyg0ifoGm;ojzifh ukovvyief; kd f k f tukovu raumif;usKd;ay;jcif;jzpf\/ oabmudk ]]yuwly ed kd f , yp,owd}}jzifh tukodkvfu uk o d k v f u d k aus;Zl ; jyKonf [ l vnf ; aumif ; ? uk o d k v f u tuk o d k v f u d k aus;Zl ; jyKonf [ l vnf ; aumif ; qk d & \/ tbd"ra'oemawmft& "ronf aumif;usKd;udkay;\/ t"r o nf raumif ; usKd ; ud k a y;\/ ed , mrud k rnf o l u rQ azmuf v G J a zmuf j yef r jyKEd k i f / tu,f azmuf v G J a zmuf j yef j yKEd k i f onf [ k ,l v Qif v nf ; xd k t ,l o nf rd p m 'd | d t ,l o mjzpf \ /

udk,fujyKvkyf&mwGif EIwfESifhudk,f a&SUESifhaemuf nDGwf jcif;wdkYyif jzpf\/ onfudkyif ]]uH}}rsm;tcsif;csif; opm &dSonf[kqdk&\/ "rtay:op m &d S j cif ; [l vnf ; qd k & \/ t ay:op xdkodkYr[kwfbJ pdwfuwpfrsKd;BuH EIwfuwpfrsKd;ajymjcif; onf v nf ; aumif ; ? pd w f u wpf r sKd ; BuH ud k , f u wpf r sKd ; vk y f j cif ; onf v nf ; aumif ; ? EI w f u wpf r sKd ; ajym ud k , f u wpf r sKd ; vk y f j cif ; onfvnf;aumif; ]]uH}} tcsif;csif;tay: opmazmufjcif;rnf\/ vnf \/ uH t csif ; csif ; tay: op m azmuf j cif ; onf y if "r t ay: op m azmuf j cif ; rnf \ / avmuaMumif ; t& ajymvQif v nf ; yk * d K vf t csif ; csif ; wpfOD;OD;ay:wpfOD;u opmazmufjcif;onfvnf; "rtay:opm azmuf j cif ; rnf \ / "r a Mumif ; t& ajymvQif v nf ; uH r sm; tcsif ; csif ; wpf c k t ay:wpf c k u op m azmuf j cif ; onf v nf ; "r tay:op m azmuf j cif ; yif r nf \ / oufa&muftm;ESihf wefjyefoufa&muftm;wkdY\ ed,mrt& yk*dKvfujzpfap? uHujzpfap "rtay: opmazmufygu "ronfrvGJ raoGwkefYjyefrnfjzpf\/ "ronf wdkufcdkufjcif;cH&ygu "ruvnf; jyefvnfwdkufcdkufrnfjzpf\/ onfrSm ed,mrjzpf\/ ed,mrudk "ronf rausmfvGefEdkif/ "rtay:opmazmufjcif;ESifhywfouf tbd"Zr[m&|*kk awmifav;vH;k q&mawmfBu;D u ol\ynm yg&rDtvif;jyusr;f ? pmrsuEm fS (50) odkYazmfjyxm;onfukd awGU&\/ ausmf M um;rI ? bk e f ; uH B uD ; rm;rI ? vmbf a ygrsm;rI r sm;ud k riJhuGufrl rdrdwwfodovdk wwfygap[laom &nf&G,fcsufjzifh pmayyd k Y c sjcif ; onf 'geyg&rD j zpf \ / ausmf M um;rI ? bk e f ; uH B uD ; rm; rI ? vmbf v mbaygrsm;rI r sm;ud k &nf & G , f pmayyd k Y c sjcif ; onf 'geyg&rD r jzpf ? pmayyd k Y c saejcif ; xuf ryd k Y c sbJ t d y f a ejcif ;ujrwf mrsm; ao;onf [ l t*F k w d K &f t|uxm? om&w ' D y eD # D u m rsm; wdkufdkufqdkxm;ygonf/ pmayydkYcsaeygvsuf aovGefvQif i&Jus rnf q d k v d k o nf / onfrm 0pDuEihf raemuHwdkYtcsif;csif; a&SUESifh aemuf S H S rnDwojzifh "rtay:opmazmufjcif;jzpfaMumif; azmfjyvd&if;jzpf\/ G f k "rtay: opmazmufaomtcg "r\jypf'PfcwfrIt& aovGefvQif i&Jus\/ tusK;d um; jiif;y,fr&aom tusKd;jzpf\/ jiif;y,f &aomtusKd;um; raovGefrD ypKyefb0rl jzpfaumif;\/ pmaytydkYtcsaumif;ojzifh rl&if;&nf&G,fcsuf rnfodkY&dSap umrl ausmMf um;csivnf; ausmMf um;Edi\/ vmbfvmbaygrsm;csivnf; f k f f aygrsm;Edkif\/ bkef;uHBuD;rm;csifvnf; BuD;rm;Edkif\/ oabmudk avmujrifEdkif\/ pmay ydkYcsrIvkyfief;omru tjcm;aom"rtay: opmazmufvkyfief;rsm;vnf; ypub0wGif BuD;yGm;onfudk awGU&\/ "rtay: opmazmufjcif;vkyfief;qdkonfrSm 'kpdkufvkyfief;rsm;jzifh BuD;yGm;jcif;jzpf\/ trSetm;jzifh "re,mrt& tukovvyief;onf qif;&Jjcif; f d kd f k f tusKd;udkomay;&NyD; ukodkvfvkyfief;onfom csrf;omjcif;tusKd;ukd ay;&rnfjzpf\/ okdYygvsuf avmu tukovvyief;jzifh csrf;om kd f k f jcif;tusKd;udk &&dSMuolrsm;pGmudk awGUae&\/ odkYjzpfvQif tukodkvf onfvnf; aumif;aomtusKd;ukday;\[lvnf;aumif;? ukodkvf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/ xdkrdpm'd|dt,lt& tukodkvfvkyfief;jzifh BuD;yGm;onf[l rSwf,l ol t m; avmavmq,f ' k u u d k r awG U vQif aocgeD ; umv r&Pm oE a Zm apmcsd e f r S p aemuf y d k i f ; wG i f rd r d j yKcJ h r d a om tuk o d k v f rsm;u BuD ; pG m aom 'k u u d k a y;rnf j zpf \ / tZmwowf r if ; tm; vnf ; BuD ; pG m aom'k u u d k a y;cJ h \ / e&ol r if ; tm;vnf ; BuD ; pG m aom 'k u u d k a y;cJ h \ / ,H k r S m ;zG , f r &d S / xdenf;twlyif ukovvyief;jzifh qif;&Jonf[,yguvnf; k kd f k f k l xdkt,lonf rdpm'd|dt,lyifjzpf xdkt,l,HkMunfouf0ifol\ b0onfvnf; Zmwfodrf;aumif;vdrfhrnfr[kwf? tu,fukodkvf vkyfief;jzifh qif;&Jrawaeapumrl qif;&J rGJawjcif;onf tukodkvf\ JG tusKd;jzpfonf? ukodkvf vkyfief;\ tusKd;r[kwf[l orm'd|dt,ljzifh rS w f , l o l t m; avmavmq,f u k o d k v f v k y f i ef ; \ aumif ; usKd ; ud k rcHpm;&vQif aocgeD;umv r&PmoEaZmapmcserp aemufyi;f wGif d f S kd rdrdjyKcJhaom ukodkvfrsm;u BuD;pGmaom csrf;omokcudkay;rnfjzpf\/ ,H k r S m ;zG , f j zpf \ / xd k Y a Mumif h "r t ay:op m azmuf o l t wG u f wpf c k a omaeY w G i f "r u 'Pf c wf "r t ay: op m &d S o l t wG u f "rucsD;ajrmufrnfjzpf\/ rsuf E S m zk H ; pmrsuf E S m rS tbkd;eJY taz\ ocFsKdif;ajrokdY uefawmh&ef vmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ rSefonf trsKd;bmomomoemtwGuf? ukd,fhwkdif;jynf uk,vrsK;d twGuf wm0efauscaom yk*Kd vvnf;jzpf? teEaus;Zl;&Sirsm; d hf l hJ f f vnf; jzpfonfh tbk;d ESihf taztm; oluefawmhvsuf uwday;&OD;rnf r[kwfygvm;/ ]]trsKd;bmom omoemtwGuf? ukd,fhEkdifiH ukd,fhvlrsKd; twGuf? opmapmifhodygrnf}} [l/ MunfnKdxkdufaom yk*Kdvfrsm;um; qlBuHKedrfhjrifhra&G; &SdMurnf/ tMunfnKdcHxkdufolqkd&mvnf; oDv? orm"d? ynm &S d y grS ? trsKd ; bmomomoemES i f h Ek d i f i H E S i f h v l r sKd ; twG u f trS e f wu,f vGwfvGwf pGefYvTwftepfemcH ay;qyfEkdifpGrf;ol jzpfygrS Munf n Kd x k d u f o l [ k ol c H , l x m;onf ? ol o nf awG ; awm&if ; yif quf a vQmuf a erd o nf / tarhtrEihf reD;ra0;wGif rD;&xm;oHvrf;&Sonf/ taemuf d f S d bufuefBuD;? uefaygifkd;\ teD;awmifbufwGif ? wrmtkdyifrsm;ESifh xef;awmtkyftkyf&dSonf/ xdkae&m a&TOrifausmif;ESifh a&S;,cifu w&m;usifhonfh OriftcsKdU&SdMuonf/ xdkae&mwpf0kdufrSyif omoemh tmZmenfrsm; arG;zGm;oefpif vlvm;ajrmufcNhJ y;D aemuf? avmuwGif Y "rw&m;xGef;um;zkdY? avmuwm0efukd o,fykd;aqmif&GufoGm;aom yk*dKvfrsm; renf;awmh/ wpfr*fwpfzkdvf qkuom;cJMh uaom yk*Kd vx;l d f G f rsm;vnf;&Srnf/ d aenKdnKd avEkat;wGif olawmfpifwkdY\ taiGYtouf onfvnf;aumif;? tbkd;wkdY? tazwkdY\ wkdif;cspfjynfcspfpdwf taiGY toufwkdYonfvnf;aumif; jzefYMuufaeonfukd oltrdt& IIduf aerdonf/ a&uef B uD ; \ a&T O rif a usmif ; buf o k d Y OD ; wnf a om uefaygifwpfavQmuf? refusnf;yifESifh xaemif;yifwkdY &SdaeMuqJ? &Sioefq/ olwi,fi,fuawmh uefaygiftajc&Sd refusn;f yifBu;D ay:rS f J Ydk uef a &jyif o k d Y 'k d i f A if x k d ; csNyD ; a&ul ; cJ h z l ; onf / ]]'k d i f A if w if v S w k d Y ? a&TbBuD;wkdY}}ukd tm;usonf r[kwfygvm;/

17

avmu EIwfu "rudk azmifazmif&GwfNyD; udk,fESifhpdwfu t"rudk usifh oHk;aeMuolrsm;vnf;rsm;pGm &dS\/ rdrdwdkY\t"rvkyfief; udyif "r[ rSm;,Gi;f pGm ouf0if,MkH unfaeMuolrsm;vnf; rsm;pGm&d\/ k l S xdkyk*dKvfrsm;onf "rtay:opmazmufMuolrsm;jzpf\/ "rtay: opmazmufolrsm;onf wpfckaomaeYwGif "r\ 'Pfcwfjcif;udk rkcsraoG cHpm;&ayvdrhfrnf/ xdkwpfck aomaeY um; avmavmq,f rsufarSmufypuwGifjzpfcsif jzpfrnf/ rsufarSmufypuwGif rjzpfygu aocgeD; umv r&PmoEaZmcsdefrSp wrvGefwGifrl rkcsraoG jzpfay vdrfhrnf? ,HkrSm;zG,f r&dS/ xdkYaMumifh EIwfu "rudkajymvQif udk,fESifhpdwfuvnf; "r t wd k i f ; jzpf & avatmif or y " mef x d k u f a om 0D & d , ud k o H k ; usif h B uH t m;xk w f t yf y g\/ xd k o d k Y r[k w f b J EI w f u om "r u d k atmf u s,f [ pf u s,f a jymNyD ; ud k , f E S i f h pd w f u t"r u d k wd w f w d w f yk e f ; usif h B uH t m; xk w f r nf q d k y gu "r t ay:op m azmuf j cif ; jzpfojzifh opmazmufjcif;cH&aom "ruvnf; jyefvnf'Pfcwf rnf j zpf a Mumif ; av;euf p G m ,H k M unf t yf y g\/ OD;a&Tatmif jzwfoef;csdefrsm;u rwlMuawmh? vli,fwkdYobm0? olwkdY acwf? olwkdYjzwfoef;csdef jrif&Mum;&od&orQ twk,l? twkckd; wwfMu pNrJ/ olwkdYi,fi,fuawmh ]awmykef;BuD; pHzJ}onf olwkdY\ [D;kd;yif/ ajr;wkdYacwfrSmawmh ]usefausmif;}jzpfaeavNyD/ ol i,fi,fu ]pHzJ}um; ]]r[kwfrcH trSefvkyfaom pHzJonf? &yf&Gm ta&;? ukd,fhta&;uJhokdY}} [laom pmom;jzifh ol\ESvkH;om;wGif ]]pH}}jzpfcJhonf/ tw \ tusOf ; om;rsm; ol o nf awmif p Of a &r& awG ; awm&if ; ? rD ; &xm;ES i f h vS n f ; vrf ; ul ; ae&muk d jzwf v suf nmbuf & S d ocF s Kd i f ; uk e f ; ajrok d Y roG m ;ao;bJ a&S U wnf h w nf h u syf w D ; uk e f ; ay:ok d Y wuf v mcJ h o nf / ae&ma'owpf0uf tjrifq;Hk urlBu;D jzpfNy;D ? i,fi,fu ae&mwGif dk h olwkdYwpfawG? oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifhtwl ppfwkdufwrf; upm;zl;onf/ cifwef;awmtkyfESifh MuufvQmql;yifrsm;? oQm;apmif;vufywfyifrsm; tpDt&D aygufaeqJjzpfonf/ awmifurlxdyf wrmyiftkdBuD;onf pdrf;vef;rIuif; txD;usefvsuf &Sdaeonfukd olpdwfraumif;pGm jrifvkduf&onf/ ol\pdwfwGifawmh wrmyiftkdonf taemufbuf a*:&muRef; qDokdY OD;wnfqif;aeonfh aerif;BuD;tm; vGrf;qGwfpGm Munfhaeonf [k xifrd\/ nmbuf , G e f ; ,G e f ; rvS r f ; rurf ; wG i f Z&yf t k d w pf v k H ; ? topfaqmufxm;onfh Z&yfwpfvkH;? tkwf*lrsm;ESifh tedrfhtjrifhrnD tusnf;wefovkd&Sdaom ajrykHrsm;ESifh ikwfwkdifav;rsm;ukd txift&Sm; vSrf;jrifae&onf/ xkdae&mwGif tbkd;ESifh taz\ tkwf*lrsm;&Sdonf/ aetkdtkdonf pkH;pkH;jrKyfvkwGif teD&ifhESifh MuufaoG;a&mif a&mvsuf ol Y t m; EI w f q uf a eonf / aetk d t k d w G i f ? yif u k d , f t yl "gwfr&Sawmh/ ol\ pGr;f &nftyl"gwfonf avsmenf;ysujf ym;p jyKaeNyy?J d h D tkNd yav? rMumcifavmu"gwftjrifrS olaysmufom;& avOD;awmhrnfyJ D G [k oHa0*,lvkdufrdcsdef - - - -/ ol \ tjrif o k d Y ta0;wpf a e&mu rD ; &xm;oH v rf ; ? wH w m;jzLjzLav;onf a&muf v monf / 'D o H v rf ; wH w m;av;u

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

18

"r0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ ol o nf xk d i f & mrS x vk d u f o nf / tbk d ; wk d Y tazwk d Y \ ocsK i;f ajr&S&mokYd rsuEmrlajcOD;vSnhf vkuonf/ rdrw\ *kPoumjzifh d f S d f d Ydk f d jynfh0aomorkdif;ukd wnfaqmufxdef;odrf;vsufwefzkd;xm;jrwfEkd; wwfolrsm;aexkdif&m wkdif;EkdifiH\ vkHNcHKrIESifh vGwfvyfrIonf xkdokdYaom yk*dKvfwkdY &SdaeorQ wnfwHhaernfom r[kwfygvm;/ Nidrf;csrf;OD;

rajymif;vJygvm;/ wHwm;av;onf acsmif;kd;eufeufav; wpfckukd jzwf wnfaqmufxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ oli,fi,fu wHwm;atmuf wGif ig;avmif;NyKd if vlowfrBI u;D wpfck tonf;Mum;u rJwpfjym;twGuf ay:aygufcJhzl;onfukd BuHKcJh&zl;onf/ 1958 ck0ef;usif[k olxifonf/ zqyv tuJG? EkwifESifh aqGNidrf;tkyfpkwkdY tNydKifrJqG,faomumv? ysLapmxD;? ppf&J? cg;ykdufaqmifwyfrsm; vuf&JZuf&J&Sdaecsdefukdrl olaumif;aumif; rSwfrdaeonf/ cg;ykdufaqmifwyfrsm; awmwGif;vufeufukdif tzJGYrsm;? yxp? zqyv? yrnw ponfrsm;? wpfEkdifiHvkH; twkdif;twmjzifh ay:aygufaeaom jrefrmh vlYtzJGYtpnf;\ jzpfpOfwGif ae&m a'o xl;jcm;cg;oD;zG,fwkdY ay:aygufcJhzl;onf/ xkdpOfu wyfrawmf taejzifh uspfvspfodyfonf;rI? ckdifrmrI&SdcJhom azmuf0ifcJGxkwf r&EkdifbJ &SdcJhonf/ wyfrawmfonf ckirmrI&com tdrapmiftpk;d & acwfEihf d f dS hJ f h S a&G;aumufyJGumvwGif jynfolYb0vkHNcHKrItwGuf twwf EkdifqkH; jznfhqnf;&if; jzwfoef;EkdifcJhMuonfr[kwfygvm;/ 'gawmif Rival-force ac:wJ h Nyd K if b uf v uf e uf u k d i f t zJ G Y a wG u k d z J G Y & if ; acgif ; jzwf ukd,f,lpepfqkdwmrsKd;usifhokH;zkdY? BudK;pm;cJhMuwm&Sdzl;onfukd? awG;vkduf rdawmh olMuufonf;xrdonf/ tif;av ]]ukef;abmifacwfrSma&m eef;wGif;a&;awGu IyfaxG;MuygbdeJY}}[k txif;om; cHpm;vkduf&onf/ ol o nf jref r mh o rk d i f ; aMumif ; \ ygvD r ef ' D r k d u a&pD acwf u k d aMuuJ G 0 rf ; enf ; pG m awG ; awm&if ; wrmyif t k d t m;rS D &yfaevkdufrdonf/ wu,fawmh &ufpufrItaygif;o&zlaqmif;cJh Muaomacwf u mvrsm;? tw E S i f h tmPmrS t y bmuk d r Q rjrif EkdifMuaom yk*dKvfwkdY BuD;pkd;aom umvrsm;ukd ol&GHU&Sm rkef;wD; vS N yD j zpf o nf / tawG ; xJ 0 if v mrnf u k d y if pk d ; &d r f a ewwf o nf / 'Dawmhvnf; jzwfoef;csewi;f wefz;dk &Satmif? wefz;dk &Saom d f dk d d rsKd;qufukd wnfaqmufvsuf? wefzkd;&Sdaom tarGrsm; xm;&pfEkdifzkdY? y"metusqkH;jzpfaeonf/ ol\tawG;wGif oltvGefyifav;pm; MunfnKdvSaom ]]r[m*EmkH q&mawmfBuD; t&SifZeumbd0Ho}} a[mMum;cJhaom ]]tvum;vlawGom&Sdaom? tvum;avmuBuD;? tvum;aekHjzifh tvum;aumif;vmOD;rnfxifovm;/ avmurSm aumif ; w,f q k d w m uk d , f h u sif h y grS aumif ; w,f ? uk d , f u sif h r ygu raumif;Ekdif}} qkdonfh tqkdtrdefYu pD;qif;oGm;onf/ ]]igwk d Y a &S U uvl a wG a &m igwk d Y w awG y g Ak ' \ avmuD avmukw&mtusKd;twGuf tqkH;trawGukd b,favmufrsm; vkdufem usifhBuHcJhMuovJ? usifhBuHtm;xkwfaeMuovJ/ vlYwefzkd;? vlYusifh0wf? avmueDw?d jynfoewawGua&m wefz;dk xm; jriwifwwfao;&JUvm;/ Yl D d dk hf EkiieYJ vlrsK;d uda&m wu,fcsp&UJ vm;? wu,fwefz;dk xm;jrwfE;dk Mu&JUvm;/ d f H k f om;orD ; ? ajr;jrpf rsKd ; quf a wG t wG u f tarG a umif ; ay;NyD ; ? ol w k d Y u k d w u,f w ef z k d ; xm;jrwf E k d ; rI jyKEk d i f & J U vm;}} ponf ponf ]]vm;}}aygif;rsm;pGmaom tar;wkjYd zifh ol\tawG;onf jrefrmhvabmif\ Yl orkdif;aMumif;wpfavQmuf arhaysmufzG,fr&Sdonfh taumif;tqkd; rsm;pGmukd jyefvnfqifjcif awG;awmaerdqJ? ae0ef;eDBuD;onf pkH;pkH;jrKyf cJhavNyD/ wu,f p if p pf vl Y a bmif a vmu\ taumif ; tqk d ; uk d zef w D ; ol r sm;onf xk d a cwf x k d u mvuk d zef w D ; wnf a qmuf jzwf o ef ; aeMuol r sm;omjzpf M uonf /

aus;Zl;w&m; ay;qyfxm;
rmwmydw- rdbq&m &wemum;- oljrwfrsm;rdkY w&m;rJhpGm- jypfrSm;ygu i&Jvm;rnhf tjypfrsm;..../ vlYbHkXme- b00,f tz,mvuf- trdvuf0J tNrJxrf;&Guf- ycHk;xuf wifvsufvkyfauR;-jyKpkay;vnf; aus;Zl;ruke-Bu;D rm;yH/ / f k tdkbJh vlom;-vljzpfjim;vsuf w&m;uif;pif- olYjzpftifum; r wiftxl;- olYaus;Zl;udk jyKzl;uwd- vGJrSm;rdu &SdNyD;Opm- ysufpD;&Sm/ arwmarmfusL;-jyKcJhzl;ay aus;Zl;odwwf-xdkolxufyif qkdwwfajymwwf-xkwfazmfwwfu oljrwf[kqdk-aus;Zl;ydk/ aus;Zl;usKd;&Sd- *kPfowdudk r odwwfu-rdkufrJvSNyD vlr orm-ac:rnfomrdkY csrf;ompD;yGm;-ysufvGihfoGm;rnf &Sdxm;aus;Zl;-qyfayzl;/ {'if - aomif ; ZH

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

19

tyg,fwHcg;ydwfvrf;pOf
auwkrwDjr[oFm (vkyfom;rsm;aumvdyf)
qkdawmh r*ifig;yg; oGm;ygrnf/ orm'd|d? orm ouFy? orm0g,r? ormowd? ormorm"d tp&Sdaom r*ifig;yg;cEmESihf PfESifhIrSwfjcif;aMumifh wnfhoGm;NyD? cEmu ]tedp} vkajymjyae wmukd Pfu Yd odvkdufygonf/ tJ'Dhvkd trSef qkH;jzwfcsuf csvkdufawmh ]orm'd|d} jzpfygNyD/ 0dyem r*f&ygNyD/ 'Dawmh ]ighpdwf} qkdwm rvm awmhbl;/ r&Sdwmu ]tedp}? odwmu ]r*}? rodwmu ]ork',}? aemifcEmrvmwmu ]eda&m"}? olY[molwef;aewmygyJ/ w&m;xk d i f w J h t cg Pf u av;eJ Y apmifhMunhfaeawmh cEmukd,fu ,m;wm? emwm? BuH p nf w m? Mum;wm? eH w m? pm;csifwJh pdwf ponfhpdwfuav;rsm;ay:vm wmuk d cE m uajymygw,f / 'D v k d c E m u ajymwmudk r*ifig;yg;eJYIvkdufawmh cEm&JU ]tedp} ukd jrifNy?D igjrifw,f? igMum;w,f ponfh oum,'d|d ]ig olwpfyg; a,musfm; rdef;r} xifrSwfrSm; aewmawGaysmufoGm;ygw,f/ cEmeda&m" jzpfygw,f/ 'gu 0dyemPfeJ Yjrif&wJh w'*Fr*ifvrf;pOfjzpfygw,f/ wu,fh r*f t ppf r[k w f a o;ygbl ; / wu,f h r *f tppf M uawmh tyg,f a v;yg;wH c g;yd w f w J h cEmeda&m" jzpfygw,f/ tckPfuav;eJY cEmukdMunhfvkduf awmh ]cEmonf 'kuopmtppf} vkdY Pfu odvkdufonf/ ]oaA o cF g &m ted p m ,'g ynm, ywd } tI c H u oaA o cF g &m ted p m ? I Pf u ,'gynm,ywd } } cE m ujywJ h tcgumv ynm,0d y emynmjzif h ywd - I a y;yg? Munh f a y;ygwJ h / cE m u rjywJ h t csd e f usawmh ]tmeyge} I a y;yg/ td r f o nf pd w f j yef I w mjzpf o nf / 0if a v? xG u f a v jyef I a e&if ; orm"d j yef & vmawmh cE m u ted p j yvm&if tJ ' gtuk e f j yKwf y gNyD ? ynmESifhomvdkufayawmh? cEmBuD;u tedp cEmukd,frkdY ]tedp} jyaewmukd b,fxdatmif vku&rvJq&if cEm\tysuudk Ni;D aiGUatmif d f dk f vkduf&ygrnf/ ]]jzpf-ysuf}} NiD;aiGU&if awmfygNyD/ ]]txed A d E w d 'k a u } }? txxkdIqJ cP? 'kau- jzpf-ysuf'kuopm? ed A d E w d - NiD ; aiG U atmif I & rnf / jzpf - ysuf I z ef r sm;vmawmh ]jzpf - ysuf } awG u k d rk e f ; vmrS m aocsmygonf / yxrtqifhu jzpf-ysufudkjrifwm? 'kwd,tqifhu jzpf-ysufrkef;wm/ qufNyD;I awmh cEmukd,fBuD;udk rvkdcsifawmhbl;qkdawmh r*f&NyDomrSwfvkdufyg/ ]0d&ma*gwd ra*g}}? 0d&ma*g- &m*uif;jcif;onf (0g) cEmuk,f rvkd d csifawmhjcif;onf? ra*g- r*frnf\/ rvkdcsif awmhwtcserm cEmaysmuf edAmefay:ayguf hJ d f S vmonf/ {ora*g 0do',m? 0do'jd zpfom; k d k G ygNyD ? cE m pif o G m ;ygNyD ? ud a vomvnf ; pif N yD / 0d o k ' d , m- pif M u,f a omed A m ef o k d Y ? ra* g -oG m ;&mvrf ; aMumif ; rnf \ / r*f & ygNyD/ cE m ud k , f u k d NiD ; aiG U onf h w k d i f a tmif vkuawmh 0dyemudpN y;D ygonf/ qufawmh d f I 'DcEmBuD; rvkdcsifvkdYaysmufoGm;&if r*if&Spfyg; jynhfygNyD/ xkdYaMumifh a,m*DolawmfpifwkdYonf ukd,fhtodonf ukd,fhcEmxJrSm&Sdygonf/ ukd,fh todu cEmig;yg;xJrSm&Sdygonf/ kyf- emrfwkdY \ jzpf - ysuf r I t qk H ; rS m ed A m ef & S d y gonf / xkdYaMumifh ]tm,we} ay:orQ jzpf - ysuf Iay;yg/ cEmig;yg;u jzpfwkdif;- ysufwkdif; jzpf y suf I a y;yg/ tm;vkH;aomw&m;rsm;ukd jzpfysuay;yg/ xkaMumihyif rk;d ukwq&mawmf f I Yd f f BuD;u bmrS&Snf&Snf a0;a0;awGvkyfraeeJY? ajymraeeJ Y ? vk d & if ; uawmh ]]jzpf - ysuf } } jrifatmifomIay;yg [k rdefYMum;xm;ygonf/ xkdtcg a,m*Donf tyg,fwHcg; ydwfygNyD? oHo&m0#fqif;&JrS vGwfuif;NyDjzpfygonf/ jyK/ / rk d ; uk w f q &mawmf B uD ; \ rS D N id r f ; jyK Oyed,twki;f a[mMum;tyfaom NrKUd a[mif;? d rE a v; rk d ; uk w f 0 d y em ur | memp&d , toQifEu\w&m;awmf/ ]]Ak ' o moeH pd & H w d | wk } } auwkrwDjr[oFm (vkyfom;rsm;aumvdyf)

a,m*DwYkd w&m;tm;xkww,fqwm f dk onf cEmuajymaewm jyaewmukd PfeJY apmihfMunhf&wJhtvkyfjzpfygonf/ ]]cEmig;yg;ukd Pfuav;eJYowdxm;? 0D&d,pkduf? ynmeJY Munhay;&ygonf}}/ oGm;&if oGm;w,fvkdY od& f rnf/ &yf&if &yfw,fvkdYod&rnf/ xkdif&if xkdif w,fvkdYod&rnf/ tdyf&if tdyfw,fvkdYod&rnf/ avmbpdwfay:&if avmbpdwfay:w,fvkdY od&rnf/ a'gopdway:&if a'gopdway:w,f f f vkdYod&ygrnf/ arm[pdwfay:&if arm[pdwf ay:w,fvkdYod&ygrnf/ ysHUvGifhwJhpdwfay:&if ysUH vGiwpway:w,fvo&ygrnf/ tdycsiwhJ hf hJ d f Ydk d f f pdwfay:&if tdyfcsifwJhpdwfay:w,fvkdYod&yg rnf/ tIcua&SU IPfu aemufjzpfygonf/ H a,m*D w k d Y w&m;tm;xk w f o nh f t cg uk d , f h pd w f u k d tuJ c wf v k d u f a wmh ]]r&S d w m}} awG U &w,f / r&S d w monf ]]ted p } }yg/ tuJ c wf w J h Pf u r*f Pf jzpf y gonf / w&m;tm;xkwcsionfh pdwuav; f f f u ]tedp}? rdatmifzrf;wJhPfu ]r*f}yg/ w&m;xkdifwJhtcgMuawmh SLIdufwJhpdwfvnf;I? yxrwpfcsufrd&if aemuftukefrdwmygyJ/ ][kwmtbm0a|e tedp} qkawmh tck'ae&m G d D ay: 'Dae&myJ ysuom;w,f/ w&m;tm;xkwf f G csifwJhpdwfuav;u ]tedp} IwJhPfu r*f

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

20

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

v,fwDq&ma

The Ledi Dham

D d v,fweAmefw

a&;om;jyKp

MAHA THERA L
(edAme'DyeD)
(,cif t ywf r S t quf ) tcsd K Uq&mwd k Y t ,l w pf r sd K ;/ / tcsdKUaom q&m wdum; ygVdawmfrmvmaom edAmef (2) yg;wGif oOyg'daoo edAmef Yk S qdkonfum;- udavomwdkY\ ukefcef;jcif;wnf;[laom cDPmum& ynwfrQudkvnf;aumif;? udavomwdkY\ r&Sdjcif;wnf;[laom tbm0 ynwfrQuvnf;aumif; oOyg'daooedAmefqonf/ xdaMumihf t|uxm kd kd Yk ]]&m* ca,m cdPm uma&m tbma0g}} [l zGifhawmfrlonf/ tEkyg'daoo edAmefonfrum;- y&rw tppftrSejf zpfaom l tocFwedAmefBuD;yifwnf;/ xdkedAmefBuD;udk ]]or&m,dum}} [l a[m awmfrlonf/ / t|uxmvnf;]]or&m,dumwd or&ma, cEab'awm y&bma* b0g 0wrmem}} [k zGihfonf/ or&m,dumwd? or&m,dum [lonfum;/ cEab'awm? cEmcsKyysuonfr/ or&ma, y&bma*? aemuftzd/ b0g0wrmem? f f S Yk jzpfaom edAmefwnf;/ (um;teuf/) ygVd t|uxmwdkYudkaxmuf y&rwtppftrSefjzpfaom edAmefonf a&S;a&S;oHo&murm uaru wpfckwnf; wpfyg;wnf;jzpf tpOfxm0&&Sdaeonfr[kwf/ bk&m;? ypuAk'g? &[Emyk*dKvfwdkY wpfyg;wpfyg; y&dedAmefpH&mwGifrS olYedAmefESihfol toD;oD; pkwdpdwf csKyf onf r S a emuf tvG e f o d r f a rG U aom tjcif ; t&mtm;jzih f jzpfay:vm aom tocFw"mwfBu;D aywnf;/ jzpfay:onfraemuf S tpOfxm0& NrJaeaomaMumifh edp"k0oo [lqdktyfownf;/ (um; ygVdawmf tcsdKUaomq&mwdkY\ t,laywnf;/) igwd k Y t ,l / / igwdkYt,lum; ygVdawmf oOyg'daoo ed A m ef rS m vnf ; ]]wa,m&m*u a ,m}} [l vmonf / xdkodkYvmonfwGif t|uxm a&SUyk'fudkom ]]a,m&m*ua,m}} [l vmonf / xd k o d k Y vmonf w G i f t|uxm a&S U yk ' f u d k o m ]]a,m&m*ua,mwd &m* ca,m? cDPmuma&m? tbma0g? tpErEkyga'g}} [lzGihfonf/ aemuf yk'fudk rzGifhNyD/

(Nibbana Di pan

(Continue from last week) Another view of some teachers Of the two nibbanas which come from this pali, saupa . ~~ -na is the ending of defilements, khinakara, pannatti, disesa nibba ~~ and the mere absence f defilements, abhavapannatti. Therefore in - the comentary it is commented as 'ragassa khayo khinakaro abha Whereas anupadisesa nibbana is the ultimate truth, -nibbana. That great nibbana is expounded as asankhata maha -yika." In the commentary too it is commented as: "sampara - "samparayikati samparaye khandhabhedato parabhage - vattamana". - bhava - - samparayikati = samparayika means - vattamana = the nibbana that becomes - bhava -ye parabhage= soon after sampara khandhabhedato = the breaking up of the body [meaning] Referring to this pali and its commentary, nibbana, the . ultimate truth, is not the only that exists for ever since the former round of rebirths, world cycle. Each nibbana appears separately in the very fine state only after the cessation of cuti citta, deathconsciousness of each Buddha, of each individual buddha, and of each arahat when passing into parinibbana. Soon after appear-nas only exist for ever, nibbanas are called nicca ing, as their nibba dhuva sassata, permanent, firm, lasts for ever. [This is the view of some teachers on that pali.] . Our view In this pali, also for sapadisesa nibbana there comes the . -gakknayo." Also for anupadisesa nibbana passage "tassa yo ra -gakkhayo." In the commenthere comes the passage "tassa yo ra tary, the only former passage is commented as "yo ragakkhayoti -gassa khayo, khinakaro, abhavo, accantamanuppado" whereas - ra the latter passage is not commented in any way. 1. Should there be a special meaning in the latter passage quite different from the former, the latter passager would have been commented specifically; but the latter passage had not been vo."

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

"r0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

awmfbk&m;BuD;

usrf;jyKtausmf urmausmf

w&m;awmfrsm;

awmf pawmfrlaom

ma on Nibba na
i = The Manual of Nibbana)
1/ a&SUyk'f? aemufyk'f txl;&SdcJhvQif toD;toD; jcm;em;pGm zGihf&monf/ rzGihfcJhyg/ vnf;wpfaMumif;/ 2/ ]]&m* ca,m? cD P muma&m? tbma0g? tpEtEkyga'g}} [l&m ]]tpErEkyga'g}} [laom aemufqHk;yk'fonf y&rw tocFw edAmefBuD;\ trnfjzpfayonfwpfaMumif;/ 3/ xdeAmefBu;D onf &[Emyk*Kd v\ cEm (5) yg; xif&m;&SpOf k d f S d vnf;&Svsuf wnfvsuyif&avonf/ cEmysuq;kH onfrS aemufvnf; d f dS f &Sdvsuf wnfvsufyif&Sdavonf/ xdkYaMumihf ]]'d|"rdum or&m,dum}} [lqdkxdkufayonfwpfaMumif;/ 4/ t|uxmrSmvnf; &Sdjcif;teuf wnfjcif;teufwdkYESihf qufqHaom b0o'g0wrmeo'gwdkYESihfom zGifhqdkonf/ OyEo'g Zmwo'gwdkYESihf rzGihfavonfwpfaMumif;/ odkYaom taMumif;rsm;aMumihf ygVdawmfrSmvmaom edAmef 2 yg;onfvnf; oarm[0daem'eD t|uxm 0do'r*ft|uxm k d oN*K [usr;f wdrmvmaom edAmef (2) yg;ESixyfwxyfrQ y&rwtocFw f Yk S fh l edAmefBuD;yifjzpfonf[k igwdkY,layonf/ Yk k kd f q&mwd k Y t ,l / / tMuif q&mwdonf xdx&[Emyk*Kd vwYkd cEm urZkyfcsKyfNyD;aom aemufrSom y&rwtocFw edAmefBuD;\jzpfay: jcif;udk tvd&MdS uuke\/ xdq&mwd\ t,l &[Emtjzpfoyif a&muf k f k Yk Ykd aomfvnf; pkwurZkyf rcsKyrtwGi;f edAmefr&Sao; edAmefoa&muf d f D d Ykd onf[l rqdk&ao;/ edAmefodkY qdkufonf[l rqdk&ao;/ edAmefudk &aomol[l rqdk&ao;/ pkwdurZkyfcsKyfonf\ tjcm;rJhrSm jzpfay: vwHUaom tem*wfudkvSrf; jrif&HkrQom &Sdao;onf[k qdkvdk\/ udavomwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rI? cEmwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rI (2) yg;&Sdonf wGif r*fcP? zdvcPwd udavomwdonf csKyNf ir;f avuke\/ xdtcg k f Yk Yk d f k y&rwtocFwedAmefBuD;&Sdyif r&Sdao;/ xdk&[Emyk*dKvfonf rdrdudk,f cEmrSm a&m*gwdkY\ jzpfay:vmjcif;? temwdkY\ jzpfay:vmjcif;? txl; xl;aom ted|kyf 'kua0'emw&m;wd\ jzpfay:jcif;[laom Zmwd'urS Yk k vnf; rvGwfao;/ tdk&jcif;wnf;[laom Z&m'kurSvnf; rvGwfao;/ ao&jcif;wnf;[laom r&P'kurSvnf; rNidrf;ao;/ cEmudk,fBuD;udk
commented in any way. This is a fact. - - 2. In the passage "sagassa khayo, kh1nakaro, abhavo, . accantamanuppado", the last term "accantamanuppado" is the -nibbana. This is another fact. name of paramattha asankhata maha 3. That mahanibbana is still present and does exist when the five constituent groups of existence of an arahat are present and exist. And also after the breaking up of his body the maha -na is still present and does exist. Therefore mahanibbana nibba - deserves to be called "dittha-dhammika, samparayika." This is .. another fact. 4. In the commentary, too, mahanibbana is commented only with -na" which convey the meaning "presthe terms "bhava, vattama ence and existence;" it is not commented with the terms "uppanna, jata." This is another fact. On account of the facts stated above, we take the two nibba nas in this pa l i text and the two nibba nas in . sammogavisodani commentary, in visuddhi magga commentary . and in abhidhammattha sangaha are also one and the same thing, paramattha asankhatanibbana. The view of teachers The teachers accept the becoming of paramattha asankhata mahanibbana just only after the cessation of khandha -kammajarupa, the kamma-produced materiality of an arahat. In their view, even though reaching the stage of an arahat as there is not yet nibbana before his cutikamma-jarupa, the cessation of kamma-produced materiality, still he should not be said "he has reached nibbana, he has attained to nibbana, he is the one who -na". He merely foresees that nibbana will arise has attained nibba in the future immediately after the cessation of his kamma-produced materiality cutikammajarupa. This is what they mean. Of the two cessations namely the cessation of defilements and the cessatio of khandha, the constituent groups of existence: at the moment of the noble path and of the noble fruition, magga phala, the defilements cease. At that moment the . paramattha asankhata mahanibbana is not yet present; that arahat is not yet free from rebirth suffering, jatidukkha namely, the aris-

by

LEDI SAYADAW

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

22

"r0D&onf oEdokcodkY a&S;Ijy|mef;onf/

ing of some diseases and some illness, the appearing of various kinds of the undesirable, physical suffering; he is not yet free also from the suffering of old age, jara dukkha; also from marana dukkha, the suffering of death has not yet been appeased; he is not yet free from the suffering of bringing up his body; he is not yet free from the dangers of fire, flood, tyran, thieves robbers, etc.... There is not any suffering danger, dukkha bhaya in the paramattha asankhata mahanibbana. The arahat lives still in the infinite suffering of dangers; only when his cutikammajarupa ceases, and that body disappears, those suffering dangers cease altogether. Only then nibbana arises and he should be said "he has reached nibbana, he has attained nibbana." [This is the view of the teachers] Here ends different views on itivuttaka pali. . The cessation of defilements is the main thing Of the two cessations, namely, the cessation of defilements and the cessation of khandha, the four constituent groups of existence; the only cessation of defilements is indeed the main thing. Whereas the cessation of khandha is always the follower only. If a man who kills the poisonous tree happens to cut only its trunk, branch and twig without digging and cutting its roots, he is not fit enough to be called the killer of poisonous tree. Without cutting any trunk, any branch and any twig, the man who only uproots all the roots of it and cuts them and burns them to ashes and throws them away, is indeed the killer of the poisonous tree. The destruction of the roots is the main thing. The destruction of the trunk, of the branch and of the twig if forever the follower only of the destruction of the roots. The dhamma expounded with various examples of trees, . great fire and oil lamp in the ten suttas from nidanavagga samyutta pali, that the only destruction of the defilement roots if the main . thing has already been shown clearly in the second chepter of this Manual of nibbana, Nibbana D1pan1. Moreover also in the abhidhamma saccavibhanga pali, -ra sentences of nirodhamnirodha saccavibhanga there come 60 va . . . saccavibhanga; "cakkhum loke piyarupam satarupam, ettesa tanha -na pah1yati, nirujjhanana nirujjhati" etc., which shows - pah1yama mainly the cessation-appeasement of defilements. In the same way, also in the Mahasatipatthana Sutta, -ya; Mahasatipatthana Sutta, Satipatthana Samyutta, Dighanika .. Majjhima-Nikaya, etc., there comes mainly the cessation-appeasement of defilements. Moreover, also in the dhamma cakkappavattava sutta, nirodha sacca niddesa (a) tattha katamam dukkhaniorodha ariyasaccam (a) you tassa yeva tan ha ya aseas vira ganirodho, ca go, . -layomainly there comes the only cespatinissaggo, mutti, ana . sation-appeasement of defilements. Also throughtout the suttas of suttanta pitaka: . . . - . (b) nibbanam nibbanati avuso vuccati, katamam tam nibbananti. . -vuso ragakkhayo, dosakkhayo, mohakkhayo, idam (b) yo kho a . vuccati avuso nibbanam, etc., in expounding thus about nibbana, there come so many cases showing mainly the cessation-appeasement of defilements. (To Be Continue)

arG;jrLrI'ku? aqmif&GufrI'kuwdkYrSvnf; rvGwfao;/ rD;ab;? a&ab;? rif;ab;? olcdk;? "m;jyab; tp&Sdaomab;wdkYrSvnf; rvGwfao;/ y&rw tocFwedAmefBuD;rnfonf wpfpkHwpfckaom 'ku b,r&SNd y/ &[Emyk*Kd vrm qdcNhJ y;D aom 'kub,teEwif;vif;ae\/ D f S k pkwurZkycsKy xdcEmBu;D uG,aysmufrS xd'ub,cyfor;f uif;Nir;f d f f k f k k d d av\/ xdtcgrS edAmefBu;D ay:vm edAmefoa&mufonf/ edAmefu&onf k Ykd kd [k qdktyfayownf; (um; q&mwd k Y \ t,l w nf ; /) wGifa&GUum; wd0kwfygVdawmft& emem0g' jyqdkyHkNyD;\/

ud a vomcsKyf N id r f ; rI o m y"mejzpf y H k /
udavomwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rI? cEmwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rI (2) yg;&Sdonf wGif udavomwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rIonfomvQif rkcsy"meaywnf;/ cEmwdkY \ csKyfNidrf;rIrSmum; udavomcsKyfNidrf;rI\ tNrJwpdkuf aemufvkduf aemufygomvQifwnf;/ tqdyyifukd owfaomolonf tjrpfurwl;rjzwfr tyif? f kd l tudi;f ? tcufuom jzwfct?hH tqdyyifukd owfaomol[ rqdavmuf/ k kd hJ f l k tyif? tudkif;tcufwdkYudkrlum; rxdyg;rl tjrpf[lorQwdkYudk wl;azmf jzwfawmufrD;IdUjymjyK ypfaomolonfom tqdyfyifudk owfaomol pifppfjzpfonf/ tjrpfwdkY\ ysufqHk;rIonfom y"mejzpf\/ tyif? tudi;f ? tcufw\ ysuq;kH rIonf tjrpfysuq;kH rI\ tNrwpduf aemuf k Ykd f f J k vkdufaemufygonfomjzpf\/ 'kw,u@ ed'ge0*o,wf okwaygif; (10) wd udavom d H k f Yk [laom tjrpft&if;jywfjcif;onfom rkcsy"mejzpfaMumif;udk opfyif OyrmtrsdK;rsdK;? rD;yHkBuD;Oyrm qDrD;OyrmwdkYjzihf a[mawmfrlaomt&mudk xif&Sm;pGmjyqdkcJhNyD/ xdrwpfyg; tbd"rmop0bif;ygVdawmf eda&m"opm\ 0dbif; k S d vnf;- puKH avmau yd,ly?H omwly?H {awom wPSm y[D,rmem y[D,wd? edkZrmem edkZwd/ tp&Sdonfjzihf 0gus 0g&aygif; (60) rQ eda&m"opm0dbif; vmonfrSmvnf; udavomwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rIudkom y"mejyKvmonf/ xdtwl 'dCedum,f r[mowdy|meokw?f rZredum,f r[m Yk d owdy|meokw?f owdy|meoH,wf tp&Sonfwrmvnf; xdtwl udav k d Ykd S Yk omwd\ csKyNf ir;f rIuom y"mejyKvmonf/ xdrwpfyg; "rpMumokwf Yk d kd k S eda&m"opm\ eda'owdkYrSmvnf;(u) ww uwrH 'kueda&ma"m t&d,opH/ (c) a,m wma,0 wPSm, taoo0d&m*eda&ma"m? pma*g? y#deda*g? rkwd? temva,m/ [l udavomwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rIudkom y"mejyKvmonf/ xdkxdkokwefwpfavQmufwdkYrSmvnf;/ (u) edAmeH edAmeEd tm0kaom 0kpwd? uwrH wH edAmeEd/ (c) a,m acg tm0k a om&m*u a ,m? a'gou a ,m? arm[ua,m? 'H 0kpwd tm0kaom edAmeH/ tp&Sdonfjzihf edAmefudk a[mawmfrl&m udavomwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rIudk y"mejyK vmaomt&m tvGefaygrsm;vS\/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Ak'\"rw&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/

23

jrwfAk'\tvkyftauR; t&SiftmeEm
jrifhodef;(armfuRef;)
(,cif t ywf r S t quf )
xdktcg bk&m;&Sifu ]]tmeEm olwdkY wawGu igbk&m;udk odkYaom NydKifbuf uif ; BuD ; us,f c rf ; em; x,f 0 gaom tcif ; tusif ; jzih f yl a Zmf M uayrJ h ? igbk & m; ud k trS e f w u,f y l a Zmf & m ra&muf a y/ rnf o l r qd k avmuk w & mw&m; ud k ; yg;ES i f h tnD ed A m ef u d k rsuf a rS m uf j yKEd k i f a &; twG u f usih f B uH t m;xk w f o l o nf o m igbk & m;ud k trS e f w u,f y l a Zmf o l jzpf a y onf / xd k Y a Mumih f y if v Qif oif c spf o m;wd k Y tm;vH k ; onf enf ; twd k i f ; omvQif usihfBuHtm;xkwfvsufom rvGJraoGaeMu &ayrnf}} [k rdefYMum;awmfrlygonf/
Then the Buddha said, "A nanda, although they worship me such a unique and magnificent pomp, it does not mean to honour me actually, any one who practices in accordance with the nine transcendental Dhammas (nava lokuttara dhamma), in order to attain Nabbana, he actually honours me. Therefore you all have to abide practising in this way."

formerly bhikkhus dwelling afar came to the Buddha twice a year, threrfore he had chance to see and serve them. After his great Demise he could not get these chances. The Buddha replied that there were fore places which would cause awareness and apprehension of the nature of impermanence where to a clansman with clear faith in the Buddha should go and develop remorse according to the Dhamma.

morse according to the Dhamma, would come to these places and he, waiting at these four places, could have chance to meet them.

xdkYaemuf olwdkY (&[ef;rsm;) onf rde;f rom;rsm;ESiywfouf rnfuoYkd jyKrquf hf hJ l qH&ygrnfv[k bk&m;&Sitm; ar;avQmufawmf J f rljyefygonf/
Next, he asked the Buddha how they should conduct themselves with regard to women?

19/ bk&m;&Sif\ aemufqHk;tcsdef bk&m; &S i f t m; ar;avQmuf c J h o nh f a r;cG e f ; rsm; &yfa0;wGif oDwif;oH;k awmfrMl uaom &[ef;awmfrsm;onf a&S;,cifu wpfESpfvQif ESpfBudrf bk&m;&SifxH a&mufvmMuojzihf? ol onf xdt&Sirsm;udk zl;awGUcGi?fh 0wfBu;D 0wfi,f k f jyKpkcGihf&cJhaMumif;/ bk&m;&Sif y&dedAmefjyKNyD; aemufwGifrl tcGihfta&;rsm;udk olr&Edkif awmhaMumif; t&SiftmeEmu bk&m;&Siftm; avQmufxm;ygonf/ bk&m;&Sifu rNrJavaom tedpw&m;\ oabmobm0udk owdrlapNyD; xd w f v ef Y w k e f v I y f j cif ; ud k jzpf a pEd k i f a om ae&m Xmeav;&yf & S d a Mumif ; ? bk & m;&S i f Munf v if a om o' g w&m;&S d a om trsd K ; aumif;om; wpfa,mufonf xdkav;Xme od k Y oG m ;a&muf N yD ; w&m;awmf E S i h f t nD oH a 0*w&m;yG m ;rsm;oih f a Mumif ; jyef v nf rd e f Y M um;awmf r l y gonf /
19. His questions to the Buddha in his last hours. Ananda said to the Buddha that,

xdkav;XmerSm 1/ bk & m; tavmif ; awmf ( aAm"d o w ) ud k awm}}? zG m ;jrif & m ]]vk r e D t if M uif ; awm}}? 2/ bk & m;tjzpf o d k Y a&muf a wmf r l & m ]aAm"d y if } ? 3/ yxrOD;pGmaom "rpMuma'oemawmf BuD;udk a[mMum;awmfrl&m ]]odywerd* 'g0k e f a wm}}ES i h f 4/ bk & m;&S i f y &d e d A m ef pH 0 if a wmf r l & m ]]uk o d e mH k } } wd k Y j zpf a Mumif ; / tem*wfumvwGif Munfvifaom o' g w&m;jzih f cyf o d r f ; aom om0uav; rsKd ;wdonf av;yg;aom Xmewdukd zl;jrif&ef? Yk Yk w&m;awmfEitnD? oHa0*w&m;yGm;rsm;EdiMf u S hf k &ef av;XmeodkY vma&mufMuvdrfhrnfjzpf t&SitmeEmonf av;XmerSapmihvsuf xdk f f t&SifwdkYudk zl;awGUcGihf&EdkifaytHh[k jyefvnf rdefYMum;awmfrlygonf/
They were 'Lumbani Sal Grove' where the Bodhisatta (the Buddha-to-be) was born, the 'Bodhi Tree' where he was enlightened, 'Isipatana Migadavana' where he gave his First Sermon and 'Kusinara' where he entered Parinibbana. In future, all four classes of disciple with clear faith, to see these four places, to develop re-

]]tmeEm? olwdkYudk rawGUrqHkaveJY/}}

''Not seeing them, Ananda."

]]bkef;awmfBuD;awmfrlaom jrwfpGm bk&m;? wu,fvdkY awGUqHkrd&ifaumbk&m;/}}

"But if we see one, Bhagava?"

]]olwukd pum;rajymaveJ?Y tmeEm}} Ykd

"Not speaking to them, Ananda."

]]wu,fvYkd wpfa,mufa,muf pum; vmajymvmcJh&ifaumbk&m;/}}

"But if one talks to us, Bhagava?"

]]owdw&m;vufuixm; rdru,f kd f d dk rdrd xdef;odrf;ygavawmh}}

"Keep mindfulness and self contorl."

xdaemuf olonf a&Tbe;f awmfocif Yk k bk&m;&Sif\ tavmif;awmfudk rnfuJhodkYjyKrl aqmif&Guf&ygrnfvJ[k bk&m;&Siftm; ar; avQmufawmfrlav&m bk&m;&Sifu tmeEm? ig bk&m;\ kytavmif;awmfukd ylaZmf&eftwGuf f oifcspfom;wdkY raMumifhMuukefvihf? trGefjrwf qH;k tusijfh rwfwnf;[laom y"mew&m;om oifcspfom;wdkY BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfMuygukefav? igbk&m;\ kyftavmif;awmfudk ylaZmfyorI jyKMuayrnhf ynm&Sdyk*dKvfrsm;&SdMuyg\/}}[k

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

24

"r0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/ uJhodkYaqmif&Gufvdkuf&jcif;rSm ol onf rMumrDyif &[Emwpfyg;jzpfvmvdrfhrnf [k bk&m;&Sifodawmfrlonhftjyif ol\prf;oyf umvtwGuf apmifhqdkif;&efrSm bk&m;&Sifudk,f awmfwdkiftzdkY tcsdefr&awmh jzpfayonf/
This was done so, because the Buddha knew that he, soon, would become an Arahant and there was no time for himself to wait for his probationary period.

odkY ajymqdkaeMuonfudkMum;awmfrlaom bk&m;&Sifu okb'onf aESmifh,Suf&eftwGuf r[kwfbJ todynmtvdkYiSm w&m;awmfESihf ywf o uf N yD ; pl ; prf ; vd k jzpf o jzih f ol Y t m; Then he asked how to deal with qnf ; uyf c G i h f j yKvk d u f & ef t&S i f t meE m tm; the body of the Blessed One who replied rdefYMum;awmfrlygonf/ thus: "Do not worry yourselves, A nanda in hono-uring the body of the Tathagata. Exert yourselves in the essential, most excellent practice. There are wise persons who will render honour to the body of the Tathagata." Then the Buddha continued instructing detail about the cremation and the erection of a Stupa (pagoda).

jyefvnfreMYf um;awmfrygonf/ xdaemuf bk&m; d l Yk &Sifu rD;oN*K[fylaZmfjcif;ESihf apwDwnfxm; udk;uG,frIwdkYjzihf ywfouf tao;pdwfquf vuf TefMum;awmfrlygonf/

20/ t&SitmeEmESih f bk&m;&Si\aemufq;k H om0u f f bk&m;&Sifu apvTwfawmfrlojzihf t&SitmeEmonf ukoemHrS rvjynfowxH f d k l Ykd <uoGm;Ny;D rvjynfowtm; bk&m;&Siy&deAmef l Ykd f d jyKawmf r l r nf j zpf a Mumif ; ud k taMumif ; Mum;awmfrlygonf/ bk&m;&Siftm; rvwdkY ylaZmfuefawmhMuygonf/ xdkYaemuf ukodemHk wGif aexdkifaom y&dAdKZfwpfOD;jzpfol ]okb'} onf bk&m;&Sif y&dedAmefpHawmfrlawmhrnfh taMumif;udk Mum;odcJhonf/ avmuwGif oAnKwbk&m;&Sif wpfqyixe;f awmfrz&mrSm l G fh G l Ykd vG e f p G m jzpf a wmih f j zpf c J 'k v b w&m; jzpf aMumif; odxm;NyD;jzpf okb'onf olYudk bk&m;&Sixyg;odYk oGm;cGijfh yKyg&ef t&SitmeEm f H f tm; awmif;yefygonf/ olonf ESpfaygif; av;q,frQMumatmif bk&m;&Sifudk a&Smifwdrf; aecJhygonf/
20. He and the last dicsiple of the Buddha The Buddha sent him to inform Mallas of Kusinara his Mahaparinibbana, and he did so. After Mallas paid homage to the Buddha, a wandering ascetic, 'Subhadda' who lived in Kusinara, hearing about the forth coming Parinibbana of the Buddha, knowing how are it was for a Buddha to appear in the world, begged Ananda to let him approach the Buddha. He had evaded the Buddha for about forty years long.

The Buddha came to Kusinara for many a time. He always lived in there, but he stayed away from the Buddha. Finally he came to the Buddha. but Ananda, saying that the Buddha should not be troubled on his death bed, refused permission three times out of love for his Master. But the Buddha who overheard the conversation, told Ananda to let him approach, as he wanted to inquire about the Dhamma for the sake of knowledge, not to cause trouble.

w&m;oHa0 qifjcifav
rk d ; aomuf M u,f (zm;uef Y ) i,fcguvQif ighkyfoGifonf kyf&Sifrif;om; rsm;tjym;xuf om;em;vSy Munfhr0cJh/ i,fwpfcsdefu ighlyonf um,armifrsm; IH;edrfhoGm;atmif zGHUxGm;om usef;cHhrmvnf; ckcgMunhfvQif ighkyfoGifonf t&ifuvkd rEkkysKdawmh aemifqkdjzpftif rSef;qvQifrl rsufjrifrIef0g; qHjzLMum;ESifh ukd,fom;ukd,fa& wGefYvdyfaevsuf oGm;a<ucg;ukdif; em;uxkdif;ESihf Munhfwkdif;rvS tkdem&rnf/ xkdrSwpfzef aorif;xHokdY trSefigum; c&D;oGm;rkdY rif;om;ru acsmarmvSvnf; zGHUxGm;om usef;cHhrmvnf; rmefrmeawG avsmhyg;avNyD/ oHa0w&m; qifjcifyGm;aomf wkdYrsm;&vm wkdYcEmonf csdefcgrpJ azmufjyefvJNyKd rNrJjyefMu tedprsKd; qif;&JjyefMu tkd-'kursKd; tpkd;r& tewrsKd; okbxifvQif trSm;yifrkdY tpOfIMu tokb/ rk d ; aomuf M u,f (zm;uef Y )

]]okb'? wpfO;D wpfa,mufonf t&d ,mr*if&Spfyg;udk awGUjrif&onhfae&mwdkif;? xdkolonf t&d,myk*dKvfav;rsdK;udk awGU&Edkif ayonf/ &[ef;wdonfum; w&m;awmfukd Yk usihfBuHtm;xkwfMuNyD; w&m;enf;vrf;uspGm vuf q ih f u rf ; oG m ;MuvQif avmuBuD ; wG i f rnfonhtcgrQ &[EmwdrS qdwoO;f vdrrnf f Yk f k hf r[kway/ igbk&m;onf ESpfaygif;ig;q,fausmf f rQ &[ef;b0ESifh&SdaecJhNyD;vsuf w&m;"ra[m Mum;cJhNyD;avNyD/}} a'oemawmfwdkwdkav; onfyif okb'twGuf "rudkoabmayguf&ef vHkavmufoGm;NyD;? olonf &[ef;jyKcGifhawmif; cH y gavonf / bk & m;&S i f u prf ; oyf u mv pnf;rsOf;pepfrsm;udk olYtm;&Sif;vif;rdefYMum; awmfrlaomfvnf; aemufqHk;taejzihf cRif;csuf jyKum okb'udkcsufcsif;yifvufcHawmfrlNyD; aemuf rdepfydkif;twGif;rSmyif? bk&m;&Sif\ aemufq;kH bdwf b0rSm &[Emjzpfom;ygav G awmhonf/
"Subhadda, wherever one finds the Eightfold Noble Path there, one can find the four kinds of Noble Persons," said the Buddha. "If these bhikkhus practise and pass on the Teaching rightly, the world will never be devoid of Arahants. Over fifty years I have been a bhikkhu and expounded the Dhamma" This short discourse was sufficient for subhadda to realize the Dhamma and he asked for admission into the Order. The Buddha told him about the rule on probation, but he was accepted immediately, making a last exception, and with in minutes this very last disciple of the Buddha became Arahant.

bk&m;&Sifonf ukodemHkodkY Bufdrfzef rsm;pGm <uvmawmfrlcJhygonf/ okb'onf ukoemHwif tNraexdiygvsuf bk&m;&Sitm; d k G J k f f a&Smif&m;aecJygonf/ aemufq;kH awmh bk&m;&Sif S h xHawmfodkY ola&mufvmcJhygNyD/ odkYaomfvnf; t&SiftmeEmu q&mocifbk&m;&Siftay: arwmt&if;cHjzihf y&dedAmefpH0iftHhrl;rl;tcsdef bk&m;&Siftm; raESmifh,SufoifhaMumif;ajym oHk;Budrfwkdif jiif;y,fawmfrlygonf/ odkY&mwGif

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apmfum;rI apmfum;cH&rIwkdhukd jzwfoef;jcif;

t&Sif0dpdwmvuFm& (a&Tpkef;acsmif;)
oif;oif;jrjrrkd;&eHYwkdYonf tmkHukd rl;aemuf&Da0vmap\/ ]]'DvkdaeYwkdif;BuD; rk d ; &G m aewmawmh b,f a umif ; ygh r vJ } } [k awmifxdyfyef; uaz;qkdifykdif&Sif ol&defvif; uajym\/ zwfvufp*sme,fukd olYqkdifwHcg; wG i f c sd w f x m;onf h jcif ; awmif ; tpk w f uav;xJypfxnfhvkduf\/ jcif;awmif;tpkwf uav; wk e f c goG m ;av\/ ]]rk d ; &moD y J u G m rkd;&Gmwmaygh? tqef;rSr[kwfwm}} [k pma&; olu jyefajymvkdufaomtcg .. ]]"r a qmif ; yg;a&;wmqk d a yr,f h em;vnfvG,fatmif ykH0wKav;awG awG;p&m av;awGxnfa&;&ifaumif;r,f}} [k rqDrqkif h d jyefajymonf/ apmapmupum;onf pma&;ol xHrS pum;tpwpfpukd qGJxkwfjcif;aywnf;/ ausmif;ukdjyefa&mufvm\/ pma&; pm;yGJwGifxkdifvkdufonf/ vufzuf&nfqkdif&Sif qGJxkwfay;vkdufaomtpBuD;u acgif;xJokdY0if a&mufvm\/yk0wKav;awG? awG;p&mav;awG H xnf h a &;&rnf / trS e f a wmh awG ; p&mu xnfha&;aep&mrvkd/ a&;xm;wmukdzwfNyD; pmzwfolu BuKdufovkdawG;oGm;vkdufkHom &Sdonf/ pma&;olu pmzwfolukd ]]'DvkdawG; yg? 'DvkdrawG;&bl;}} ajymykdifcGifhr&Sdyg/ pma&;ol u vlwwfBuD;vkyfNyD; ae&mwumvkdufawG;ckdif; vkdYvnf;r&/ pmzwfy&dowfukd avsmhwGuf&m a&muf\/ txifao;&ma&muf\/ pmzwf olukd apmfum;ovkdjzpfaernf/ 'gu pma&; ol\ (uREkfyf\) tawG;jzpfonf/ okdYwnf; r[k w f cH p m;csuf E S i h f cH , l c suf j zpf y gonf / pmzwfy&dowfonf avsmwu&avmufatmif h G f EkcsmolawG r[kw/ txifao;r&paumif;/ H f pmzwf j cif ; onf y if v Qif txif B uD ; p&m *kPfj'yfBuD;wpfck r[kwfygavm/ apmfum;zkdY awmh a0vma0; awG;yifrMunfhoifhay&m/ pma&;olrsm;onf pmzwfy&dowfukd av;pm; aompd w f E S i h f a &;rS o m pmaumif ; aumif ; a&;onfrnfyg\/ ykH0wKav; awGwdkif;rSm awG;p&myg0ifNyD;om;jzpfonfh twGufvnf; pmzwf o l u k d pma&;ol u b,f v k d awG ; yg? nmvkdawG;yg[k ajymp&mrvkd/ yk0wKqonfEihf wpfNyKd ieuf owd&rd H dk S f

avh&Sdaom q&mawmfBuD;wpfyg;&Sd\/ emrnf ausmfq&mawmfBuD;wpfyg;yifjzpf\/ jrefrm pmzwfy&dowftaygif; olawmfaumif;wkdif;\ ES v k H ; om;xJ w G i f xk d q &mawmf B uD ; &S d a e\/ o*FZmq&mawmfjzpfonf/ o*FZmq&mawmf\ yk H 0 w K rsm;tm; pma&;q&mtoD ; oD ; wk d Y a&;om;Mu xk w f a 0ol r sm;pG m wk d Y u ... xkwfa0cJhMuyg\/ 1/ OD;jrwfvS o*FZmq&mawmf pum;ykH? ykHjyif rsm; 2/ Oyrmorl[ *D&urusr;f (cifcsKxe;f pmay) d G 3/ xGe;f atmifausm(jrif;Nc)\o*FZmq&mawmf f H 4/ OD;aumif;xl;\o*FZmq&mawmf 5/ wuokdvfoQifoD&d? q&mawmfBuD;rsm;\ [mo&o ykHwkdywfprsm;/ 6/ aebkef;a0 o*FZmq&mawmf/ pma&;olxHwGif&Sdaeaom o*FZm q&mawmf t aMumif ; pmtk y f p m&if ; jzpf \ / tm;vkH;xJwGif cifcsKdxGef;pmayrSxkwfa0aom Oyrmorl[*D&urusrf;onf a&S;tusqkH; jzpfrnf[k ,lqrdygonf/ o*FZmq&mawmf\ ykH0wKrsm;onf awG;&\/ oHa0*,lp&m? twk ,lp&m? a&SmifMuOfp&mawGvnf; rsm;pGmyg0if \/ emvnf;em eHvnf;eHy0wKqvQif pma&;ol Hk dk tvG e f o abmus\/ 0vk H ; tu & mygryg [laomykH0wK\ tquf[kqkdvQifvnf;&\/ xky0wK (2) yk'rm atmufygtwki;f jzpfygonf/ d Hk f S d o*F Z mq&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; onf uaemif? jrefatmif? BuHcif;? [oFmw? ykodrf?

bD;vif; paomNrKdUrsm;okdY rMumcPw&m;a[m <uavh&Sd\/ a&SUNrKdUrsm;wGif w&m;a[mawmfrl pOf t cgu rnf o nf h j yemrQrwwf c J h b J [oFmwa&mufcgrS jyemwwfawmhonf/ jyemrSm.. jyemrSm q&mawmfw&m;a[mae ckdufwGif armifom0qkdolu q&mawmftm; aoewfESihfypfjcif;yifjzpf\/ 'umrsm;u vkduf zrf;Muaomfvnf; rrdvuay/ armifomEk;d qkol dk f d uvnf; q&mawmftm; ausmufcEixav\/ J S fh k omEk;d ukawmh rdvuonf/ q&mawmf\wynhf d dk f 'umrsm;u ]]acG;rom; omEkd; q&mawmfukd cJeJY xkwJhaumif aoayawmh}}[k Budrf;0g;um xk d ; Mu Bud w f M u uef a usmuf M uawmh \ / q&mawmfBuD;\ 'Pf&mu aoavmufaom 'Pf&mr[kwf? aoewfusnfqHu &Syfxd oGm;jcif;jzpf q&mawmfxvm\/ omEkd;ukd rxk d ; rBud w f M u&ef arw m &yf c H a y;av\/ tHhMozG,faumif;aypG/ o*FZmq&mawmfBuD;\ cEDyg&rDukd tHhMoMunfnKdrdygonf/ rdrdtm; aoaMumif;BuHpnfoludkyif cGifhvTwfEkdifpGrf;&Sd avpG w um;/ aoewf E S i h f y pf o l om0tm; ykvdyfuzrf;\/ tcsKyfxJxnfhxm; vkdufonf/ q&mawmfu XmeykdifxH<uawmfrlNyD; om0ukd vTway;zkYd rdeawmfravonf/ ynm&Sd olawmf f Yf l aumif ; wk d Y \ pd w f x m;um; rk d ; aumif ; uif xufyif ykdjrifhrm;aeayao;\/ o*FZmq&m awmf\ xkdtjzpftysufuav;onf pma&;ol pd w f x J w G i f pG J ae\/ pmayavmuxJ o k d Y 0ifa&mufvmaomtcg apmfum;rIrsK;d pkudk cHpm; H &ygonf/ xkwfa0olwpfcsKdU..? pma&;q&m wpfcsKUd ..? t,f'wmwpfcsKUd ..? a&SUwGiwpfrsK;d D f uG,&mwGiwpfrsK;d apmfum;Mu\/ enf;rsK;d pkEifh f f H S apmfum;Muonfomjzpf\/ ]]tapmfum;cH&rSm

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"r0D&onf t"rw&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/ jzpf o if h j zpf x k d u f w m jzpf v mvd r f h r ,f v k d Y taMumif ; eJ Y t usKd ; jywf j ywf o m;om; quf o G , f N yD ; awmh ,l w wf w ,f / awG ; ac:wwf w ,f / tJ ' guk d ur uwmor m 'd | d v k d Y ac:w,f / ur uwm or m 'd | d [ m Ak ' b mom&J U tajccHynmygyJ/ uru wm orm'd|d &S d r S o mvQif Ak ' b momtppf v k d Y ac:yg w,f / (wd y d # u a,mq&mawmf \ pd w f p G r f ; &nf w&m;awmf r S ) rdru olEiaygif;Ny;D vkyoifvyxuf d S hf f h k f dk onf[k ,lqaom tvkywpfcuvyvu\/ f k dk k f dk f jzpf o if h j zpf x k d u f o nf h t usKd ; ujzpf r vmyg/ xkdtcg pdwfESihfEIwfESihf ukd,fESihfapmfum;rdawmh onfomjzpf\/ trSeu ]vkyoifvyxuwm f f h k f dk f yJ}} [k rdrdbmomrdrdawG;ac:xm;onfhtawG; tac:rSm csKUd ,Gi;f csu&aeygvdrrnf/ xkcsKUd ,Gi;f f dS hf d csuf r S m tjcm;r[k w f / ae&mwumwk d i f ; rd r d b uf tyk d t om,l awG ; wwf a om twpdwfyif jzpfyg\/ twonf edAmefokdY rsufarSmufrjyKrcsif; &SdaeOD;rnfjzpf\/ xk d t w a Mumif h ol w pf y g;tay: apmfum;vkjd cif;rsm;? apmfum;cH&jcif;rsm;jzpfay: vmyg\/ twr&SdvQif apmfum;rI&Sdawmhrnf r[kwf/ twukdz,fcGm&ef vkdtyf\/ rnfokdY z,fcGm&rnfenf;/ ]]tw}} ae&mwGif ]]y&}} ukd wwfEkdifoavmuftpm;xkd; z,fcGm&rnf jzpf\/ rdrdzkdY rdrdtwGuf[laom wpfukd,f aumif ; pd w f x m;\ae&m ol w pf y g;zk d Y olwpfyg;twGuf[laom trsm;aumif;pm;a&; uk d tpm;xk d ; &rnf [ k qk d v k d j cif ; jzpf y g\/ tenf;qk;H .. ]]vltcsi;f csi;f ? apmfum;jcif;? uif;&Si;f Muygap}} [k olwpfyg;aumif;pm;a&;awG; arwmyGm;vQiyif apmfum;rIEitapmfum;cH&rI f S hf rsm; enf;yg;oGm;rnfjzpfyg\/ okdYwnf;r[kwf ]]wpfa,mufewpfa,muf vlrqefpm apmfum; YJ G aeMuwJ h a vmutv,f r S m igb,f o l Y u k d r S rapmfum;bJ &J&ifhpGmaexkdiftouf&Sifrnf}} [laom cH,lcsufuav;ukd av;eufpGm ESvkH; om; xkrr;f vkuygav/ apmfum;rIrsm;? tapmf H T d f um;cH&rIrsm;ukd tvG,fwul jzwfoef;vGef ajrmufEkdifrnfjzpfyg\/ apmfum;cH&rnfukd aMumufonfjzpfap? raMumufonfjzpfap? apmfum;rdrm? tapmfum;cH&rSmuawmh aocsm S \/ rk d ; &moD rd k ; &G m &G m ouJ h o k d Y y if w nf ; / jzwfoef; vGwajrmufwwfzom vdtyfaMumif;? f Ydk k NyD ; awmh jzwf o ef ; &J z k d Y E S i h f jzwf o ef ; enf ; rS e f u ef a Mumif ; wk d Y u k d v nf ; vkdtyfaMumif; odaptyfygownf;/ vltcsif;csif; apmfum;jcif; uif;&Sif;Muygap/ usrf ; uk d ; rsm; pmayynm&Siw\o*FZmq&mawmfpmtkyrsm;/ f Ydk f wdyd#ua,mq&mawmf\ pdwfpGrf;&nfw&m; awmf/ t&S i f 0d p d w m vuF m & a&T p k e f ; acsmif ;

raMumufyg? olwpfyg;ukd apmfum;rdrSmukdom aMumufygw,f}} [laompum;ukd vltxifBu;D atmifajymolwpfcsKdUvnf; pma&;olESihfawGU &\/ pum;vk;H tapmif;tcswav;rsm;ESiawmh d f hf apmfum;Muonfomjzpf\/ pmayavmuonf wpfrsKd;cuf\/ pma&;oufEkol &[ef;pmqkdu pma&;ouf & if h a om pma&;q&m vl ' um 'umruk d jyef v nf & S d c k d ; &rwwf or m 0g pum;tvGefajym\/ aoaomtcg ypfxm; cJh&rnfhcEmudk,fESihfrsm; bmrmefwwfp&m taMumif ; &S d y goenf ; / wpf a ,muf E S i h f wpfa,muf tjyeftvSef wpfvSnfhpDapmfum; aeawmha&m bmtusK;d &Srnfenf;/ pOf;pm;p&m d wpfckygay/ wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tjyeftvSef apmf u m;rI o nf avmutoD ; oD ; &S d \ / k y f & S i f a vmu? pmayavmu? Zmwf o bif avmu? EkdifiHa&;avmu? pD;yGm;a&;avmu? ynma&;avmu vl w d k Y ork w f x m;aom xk d x k d a vmursKd ; pk H w d k Y w G i f tjyef t vS e f apmfum;rIrsm; &SdaeMuyg\/ avmu tapmf um;rcH&Ekdifol[lr&Sd/ wkbufrJh Ak'jrwfpGm onfyifvQif pdrme? okE&D? a'0'wf? okyAk' omuD0if tp&Sow\ apmfum;rIudk cHc&ao; d l Ydk hJ onf r [k w f y gavm/ onf a wmh wpf p k H w pf a,mufu wpfpkHwpfa,mufukd wpfcsdefcsdef wpfae&m&mrSm wpfpkHwpfckaomudp&yftm; taMumif;jyK EIwfESihfjzpfap? ukd,fxdvuf a&muf j zpf a p? tenf ; qk H ; pd w f E S i h f j zpf a p apmfum; rnfrSmaocsm\/ xkdokdYapmfum;jcif; cHcJh&aomf apmfum;cH&olu &[EmqkdvQif udpr&Sd/ onf;cHEkdifpGrf;&Sd\/ &[Emr[kwfao; aomf wpfenf; enf;jzihf wkefYjyefrdrSmyifjzpf\/ ESv;Hk om;ukd ESv;Hk om;csi;f ? "m;ukd "m;csi;f wkejYf yef uvJhpm;acsrI oHo&mqkH; awmhrnfr[kwf awmifxyay:rS yDygwkiursm;tm; wGe;f csvuf d f d f D dk ouJhodkY t&Sdefjyif;pGmoHpkHjrnf vdrfhqif;oGm; rnfjzpfygonf/ wpfa,mufwpfvSnfhapmfum; jcif;onf tukodkvfjzpf\/ ukokdvfr[kwf/ xkdYaMumifh i&Ja&mufzG,f&mom&Sdavonf/ tjyeftvSefapmfum;jcif;jzihf ewf&Gmok*wdESihf edAmefwkdYukd arQmfrSef;r&paumif;/ tcsKdyifpkdufolu tcsKdoD;pm;&NyD; tcg;yifpkdufolu tcg;oD;pm;&rnfomjzpfay ownf;/ jzpf o if h j zpf x k d u f w muk d jzpf a p csif&if vkyfoifhvkky f x k d u f w muk d vk y f & vd r f h v r,f / vk y f o if h v k y f x k d u f w muk d v k y f r S

"r0&onf Ak'\ ax&0g'"rw&m;ppf w&m;rSef D xGef;um;&efjzpfonfqkdonfh cH,lcsufESifhtnD vdIifMunfjzL"r0D&pmaywkdufESifh 'D*spfw,fpmMunfhwkdufrS 2009 ckESpftwGif; jzefYcsdxkwfa0vkdufNyD
1/ "r0D&\ "roHpOfrsm; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESihf wuodkvfoQifoD&d) 2/ jzwfoef;csdefed'gef;ESihf yxrydkif; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;) ('kwd,tBudrf) 3/ urmhvlom;rsm;ukd;uG,f&m bmomBuD;rsm;ESifh 0g't,ltqrsm; (wuodkvfoQifoD&d) 4/ q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif\ pmayaumufEkwfcsufpmpk ("ry') (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESifh pkd;jrifhvwf) 5/ Ak',Ofaus;rI&wem t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY) 6/ olawmfaumif;wkdYtvSLay;enf; t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY)

qufvufxGufrnfhpmtkyf
a*gyuESifh Ak'b@mawmf (wuodkvfoQifoD&d)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

27

]]OKH}} ESifh Ak'bmom

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28

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29

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30

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/ tcg olcHpm;&yHkudk q&mBuD; OD;okcu odkY a&;jycJhygonf/ ]]xdaeYu udwifarmifEifh aAGaqmfO;D k k S awGU&onf/ emrnfausm'gduwm? olaX;om;? f k f Zmwfvkdufrif;om;rdkY [dwfESifh[efESihf pwdkifBuD; wpfcom;ESifh aevdrrnf[xifc&m yGiyivif; JG hf k hJ fh G hf vif; azmfazmfa&Ga&GqufqHonfudk awGU& ojzihf cifrifESpfvdkMunfndKcJh&onf/}} q&mBu;D OD;wifarmifu t*Fvyy&if d f k f S Zmwfum;rS wpfq,h&p&mpku jyifopftxuf f S f wef;vTm vlwef;pm;\tdraxmifa&;Zmwfvrf; f tusO;f uday;tyfNy;D jrefrmrIjyKum 0wKa&;ay; k zdkY tyfonf/ xdkacwfu jrefrmkyf&Sifavmu wGif kyf&SifZmwfTef;ray:ao;/ 0wKrSkyf&Sif tjzpf wdkufdkuf dkuful;Muonf/ rl & if ; Zmwf v rf ; tusOf ; csKyf r S m jyif o pf o l a X;BuD ; onf nD t pf r ES p f a ,muf teuf i,f&G,faomacwfqefaom nDrESihf vufxyfcJh&m om;av;wpfa,muf&onf/ olaX;uawmfonf udvacsmwpfO;D ESivuajy; k l hf dk f oGm;onf/ udkvlacsmu tpm0awmh Xmejyef um olaX;uawmfudk ypfxm;cJhonf/ olaX; uawmfrm pdwaxmif;ud,aMujzpfum tdy&m S f k f f xJ Akef;Akef;vJavonf/ olr-raorD om;av; ESihf awGUcGihfay;&ef tpfrxHpma&;onf/ tpfr u olaX;BuD;xH wifjyawmif;yefay;&m yxr awmh olaX;BuD;u cGihfrjyK/ tpfru tBudrf Budrfawmif;yefajymqdkawmhrS om;av;ESihfawGU cGijfh yKomru olygvduawGUNy;D ZeD;udcivwf kH k f k G fh T aMumif; ajymMum;cJhonf/ olaX;uawmfrSm vifEiom;udawGUcGi&Ny;D aemuf uG,veom; S fh k fh f G f G &Smavonf/ 0wKudk cspftrQ trnfay;um rQ[k 'gdkufwmOD;wifarmifu kyf&SifZmwfum;dkuf ul;cJhonf/ okyfaqmifrsm;rSm olaX;BuD;= OD;wifarmif? tpfr= ar&Sif? nDr= arjrihf? udkvlacsm= udkjrihfaqG wdkYjzpfMuonf/ q&mBuD;OD;wifarmifonf cspftrQ kyf&SifZmwfum;udk dkuful;&mwGif pma&;q&m ukd olYtem;wGif tNrJ&Sdapvsuf pma&;q&mESihf wdiyifNy;D duvonf/ xdaMumifq&mBu;D OD;okc k f k f kd Yk h udk aiGaMu;axmufyxm;Ny;D at0rf;Ncwiaeap hH H G f um cspftrQkyf&SifZmwfum;udk dkuful;cJhonf/ q&mBuD;OD;okcu ]]taumif;qHk;jzpf atmif Bud K ;pm;a&;xm;aom ol \ 0w K ud k jyifvQifrBufdKuf/ kyf&Sifqdkwmuvnf; 0wKt wdkif; wpfoa0rwdrf;dkufjy&wmrsdK;r[kwf/ wGif q&mBu;D OD;wifarmifEifh q&mBu;D OD;okc S wd k Y \ 0d a &m"d p wif a vawmh \ / q&mBuD ; a&Tnmarmif ('gdkufwmOD;csif;pdef) uq&mBuD; OD;wifarmifbufrS&yfwnfum odkY&Sif;jyav onf/ ]]'DrSm zdk;okc/ cifAsm; ]]kyf&Siftxm}} udk rodao;vdYk usKyjf rifcovdk jrifaewm/ usLyf hJ vnf; ukd,fwkdif'gdkufwmrvkyf&ao;cifu ]]txdrcH a&Tyef;uef}} vkycz;l wmayhg/ aemufrS f hJ q&morm;rsm;&JU ]]vkyenf;udienf;}} avhvm& f k f NyD; ]a&;wmeJYdkufwm} wcsdKUae&mrSm ajymif;jyef avmufjzpfwmawGU&awmhw,f/ usKyfvnf; pma&;q&mqdkawmh pum;wpfvHk;? ZmwfuGuf wpfckjzKwfypfwmudk tonf;emcJh&zl;ygw,f}} od k Y q&mBuD ; a&T n marmif u pmayESihfkyf&Sif rwluGmjcm;yHkudk &Sif;jycJhaomf vnf; q&mBuD;OD;okcrSm igawGUr[kwf pmawGU rdkY oabmaygufvufcHEdkifjcif; r&Sdao;acs/ csptrQ ky&iZmwfum;duu;l cJpOfu olq&m f f S f k f h Y ESifholYtaMumif;udk q&mBuD;OD;okcu odkY a&;om;azmfjycJhygonf/ ]]udwifarmifu uReawmftom;ay; k f dkufxm;aom pmwpfrsufESmESpfrsufESmudk cJwH teDBuD;jzihf MuufajcmufzsufvdkufNyD; jzKwf vkuonfukd uReawmfu tjyif;txefuefuuf d f f Y G aeonf/ olu pdw&nvuf&nf &Si;f jyonfukd f S f S uReawmfu qifajcwufavh&onf/ xdaMumifh f dS Yk uifr&maxmifNyD; ZmwfaumifawGtqifhoihf &SdaeMuvsuf uRefawmfwdkYESpfa,muf\ pum; ppfxdk;yGJudk apmifhaeMu&onf/ vkyfouf&ifh aeMuaom uifr&mrif; udkvSarmif (oma*gif BuD;) u ]uJ-'DaeY 'Dkyf&SifdkufjzpfMuODrSmvm;} [k axhMuaihgMuonftxd/ Mumawmh udkwif armifu uReawmhtm; ]cifAsm;um;ay:usawmh f MunhfAsm}} k[k ADwdktmPmoHk;vkdufawmhonf/ 'gudk uRewmfrm tonf;emem &ifatmifatmifh f h S h jzihf cHvu&aomaMumihf Oayumvkyaevku& dk f f d f onf/ xdktcg olu &,fBuJBuJjzihf pum;ajym aemufajymifusDp,favh&Sdonf/ trSetm;jzifq&vQif txufua&; f h kd om;azmfjycJhovdk tvkyform;ESifhtvkyf&Sif[l aom twef;tpm;cGjJ cm;rIr&SbJ rdom;pkqufqH d aygif;oif;ovdk &SMd uonhtajctaewdaMumifh f Yk omru udwifarmifu,wiu 0wKa&;q&m k kd f kd f wpfa,muftaejzihf tcGita&;ay;onhtjyif fh f oli,fcsi;f aygif; aygif;oif;aeojzihf uReawmf f rSm ajym0Hhqdk&J&SdcJh&onf/ wpfcgwpf&Hawmh vnf; uReawmfqifajcwufjcif;aMumihf tcsuf f tvufwpfcsdKUrSm t"dym,fayguf? &oajrmuf

31

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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

32

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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ (jzpfoGm;)NyDqdkygu csrf;omjcif;? ta`cGt&H aygjcif;? touf&Snfjcif;wdkYonf rnfodkYvQif t"dyg ,f&ygOD;rnfenf;/ dS xdkYaMumihfvnf; vlom;wdkif; b0ul; aumif;vdkMujcif;yifjzpfonf/ odkYaomf vlom; wdkif; b0ul;raumif;Muacs/ onfudkvnf; vufoJawmfzsm;rS ajrrIefYOyrm? vdyfuef;wHydk; wHk; OyrmwdkYjzihf odtyfygonf/ xdkYtjyif ,ck vuf&rsujf rif vlOa&ESifh ow0gaygif;pHk ta& dS D twGufudk EdIif;,SOfMunhfygu vlom;wdkif; b0 ul; raumif;Ekdifjcif;um; aocsmvS\/ odqvQif b0ul;aumif;rGeap&ef Yk kd f rnfuJhodkY usihf&ygrnfenf;/ taumif;qHk;enf; vrf;um; ]ynmor'g} ynmESifh jynhfpHkatmif usihf&rnfjzpfaMumif; bk&m;&SifTefMum;awmf rl c J h y gonf / wG i f ynmES i h f y wf o uf (5)rsKd;&SdaMumif; usrf;*efwdkY azmfjyxm;Mu onf/ odkYaomf aqmif;yg;wGif t"du usonfh ynmESpfrsKd;udkom wifjyygrnf/ ,if; ynmESpfrsKd;um; ]uruwmorm'd|dynm} ESifh ]0dyemPfynm}ESprsK;d yifjzpfonf/ Ak' f bmom0if[u uHEiu\ tusK;d ay;udk vufcH l S fh H ,HMk unfEiMf uonfh todPfynmESifh tenf; dk qHk;jynhfpHk&rnfjzpfonf/ xdkorm'd|dPfESihf 0dbZPfwdkYudk ,SOfwGJay;&rnf/ 0dbZPf qdkonf pOf;pm;qifjcifa0zef cGJjcrf;Ekdifonfh Pfyifjzpfonf/ ]Ak'0g'onf rnfowpfO;D wpfa,muf l udrQ t&rf;,HMk unf&ef twif;rwduwe;f cJay} k k f G h ud,wivufawGUusio;kH NyD;rSomvQif t,l k f kd f hf 0g'wpf&yfudk vufcHzdkY bk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfwdkif ]auorkw} okwefwGif &Sif;vif;a[mMum; awmfrcygonf/ uREywA'bmom0ifrsm;onf l hJ kf f Ykd k vnf; yk*dKvfxl;qdkwdkif; t&rf;rJh tuef;rJh r,Hk MunfoihfMuay/ a0zefqef;ppfNyD;rSomvQif udk;uG,fqnf;uyfoifhMuonf/ onfrSm yxrtqihfjynhfpHk&rnfh Pfynmomjzpf onf/ 'k w d , tqif h t aeES i h f vl o m;wd k Y onf oH o &mwpf a vQmuf v H k ; u k y f e mrf tpOf w G i f ud e f ; atmif ; vd k u f y gvmonf h ud a vomawmif x k B uD ; ud k Nzd K cG J E k d i f o nf h ]ed a A " d u m,} 0d y emPf y nmES i h f jynh f p H k a tmif Bud K ;pm;&rnf j zpf o nf / xdkPfynmESihf jynhfpHk&ef owd 0D & d , wd k Y u d k tcsd e f j ynh f t oH k ; cs cE m u jyonf h w&m;ud k jrif a tmif Munh f & \/ k y f e mrf E S p f y g;? cE m ig;yg;wd k Y \ rNrJ j cif ; ? qif ; &J j cif ; ? tpd k ; r&jcif ; ? vu P m (3)rsKd;xJrS wpfrsKd;rsKd;udk PfESihf jrifonf txd Munh f & rnf j zpf o nf / cE m t&S d u d k PfESihf odjrifNyD[kqdkygu xdkol b0ul; aumif ; &ef aocsm\/ xd k Y t jyif y&rw rEk vl o m;ppf p pf jzpf N yD [ l vnf ; vuf c armif ; cwf aMujimEk d i f a vNyD / PfrsKd;ESihfjynhfpHkygu vlom;wdkY vdcsionfh b0ul;aumif;zdum; aocsmavNy/ k f Yk D xdkYaMumihf vlom;wdkif; vdkcsifMuonfh (1) csrf ; omjcif ; ? (2)/ ta`cG t &H a ygjcif ; ? (3)/ touf & S n f j cif ; ES i h f (4) b0ul ; aumif ; jcif ; wd k Y u d k {uef r k c s&&S d a pEk d i f o nf h ]o' g ? pm*? oD v ? ynm} or ' gw&m; av;yg;wdkYESihfjynhfpHkatmifBudK;pm;tm;xkwf Ek d i f M uap&ef tvd k Y i S m pG r f ; orQ a&;om; wif j yvd k u f & jcif ; jzpf y gonf / jrwf r S L ;oG i f

35

&m; t&d y f w &m ; udk,fjyKum,uH? udk,fqDjyef trSefBuHK&NrJ udk,fjyK 0pDuH? udk,fhqDjyef trSefBuHK&NrJ udk,fjyKraemuH? udk,fhqDjyef trSefBuHK&NrJ tr&yl& r[m*EmHkq&mawmff OD;paEmbmo (jrefrm 1283) om;aumif ; orD ; aumif ; ]]tbdk;&mZm vlwdkYwGif rdaumif;? zaumif;om; orD;um;jzpfv,\/ om;aumif;? orD;aumif; G f wdkY\ rdburlum; tvGefyifjzpfcJonf r[kwf wHkavm}} [krif;BuD;rif;acgifrS ar;awmfrl\/ (rPd&wemyHkusrf;rS) om;a&T a wmif q H k ; rpm 1/ om;a&T a wmif ? armif i ,f o av;? tBuauG;onf? awG;awG;qq? raMumifMh uESi?hf H rd b q&m apmif r ygtH h ? ynmOmPf a &mif ? xG e f ; ajymif u suf o a&? wwf r sKd ; axG u d k ? pHkapBudK;pm;? q&mhyg;0,f? a&Tom;oufa0? r,fhzatvQif? oifapcsifvS? armifhbwpfoD;? igvnf;wpfoG,f? bGm;i,fbGm;BuD;? 0&D;wluG? &TifysvlpHk? vSaMu;rHkudk? tukef<uif;rJh? oHk;q,fh &Spfjzm? r*Fvmu? awZm0da0? Zmwfaygif; axGESifh EIdif;zG,fvdrm? o'g&Spfapmif? tukef aqmif? vif;ajymif&Tef;&Tef;? wufaexGef;odkY? usrf;tbd"rm? ckepfjzmudk? &GwfumoGifoGif? wwfapcsif\? ig;tif0denf;? vGefodrf;qnf;rS? crnf;armifrif;? ESvHk;oGif;? 0rf;wGif;jyif;pGm? rSwfpdrfhiSg[k? q&mjrwfxH? tyfESHxm;onf/ oufESHa&Tawmif? tr,fharmif/ 2/ om;a&Tawmif? armifi,frsufyGifh? csecgoifukd armifrifq&m? ausmif;awmfomu? d f h h arQmfumvnf;Munfh? ighwynfh[k? a&TYrnfhod*Fg usrf;aypmudk? tomvnf;zGifh? iHhayvifhtHh? rjrif h r Mum? td r f r S m rae? ausmif ; rS m ae[k ? ckavoGm;yg? qdkaomcgvnf;? rmwmrdcif? aus;Zl;&Sifvnf;? xdyfwGifa&TMum? yef;yrmodkY? wif u m0yf w G m ;? jrwf x H y g;od k Y ? rjcm;ck y if ? oGm;apcsif? a&Tpifoufay;? rMumaES;ESifh? vla&;vl&m? &SdygrnfhaMumif;? rdcifarmif;? om;aumif;a&TavSm?f rdrsuazsmu?kd ausmif;awmf f f Adrmef? aZw0efo?Ykd jrwfretxH tyfxm;ESonf/ G f H oufESHa&Tawmif? tr,fharmif/ &wemyH k p H a usmif ; ud k & if B uD ;

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

36

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DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

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37

tuREfkyfonf? twmeH- rdrdudk,fudk? Ak'jrwfpGmbk&m;tm;? ed,sma'rd- tyfESif;vSL'gef; yg\/ 2/ tZtm'd uwGm- ,aeYukd tpNyK H ? t[H- tuREfkyfonf? twmeH- rdrdudk,fudk? "r- w&m;awmftm;? ed,sma'rd- tyfESif; vSL'gef;yg\/ 3/ tZtm'd uwGm- ,aeYukd tpjyK H ? t[H- tuREfkyfonf? twmeH- rdrdudk,fudk? oHC- oHCmawmftm;? ed,sma'rd- tyfEi;f S vSL'gef;yg\/ 4/ ZD0w y&d,Ew- toufq;kH onhf d d H wkdifatmif? Ak'H-jrwfpGmbk&m;udk? o&PHudk;uG,f&m[l? *pmrd- qnf;uyfyg\/ 5/ ZD0w y&d,Ew- toufq;kH onhf d d H wkdifatmif? "rH-w&m;awmfjrwfudk? o&PHudk;uG,f&m[l? *pmrd- qnf;uyfyg\/ 6/ ZD0w y&d,Ew- toufq;kH onhf d d H wkiatmif? oHC- oHCmawmfjrwfu?kd o&PHd f H udk;uG,f&m[l? *pmrd- qnf;uyfyg\/ o&P*HkoHk;yg;udk oGm;av&m&m (9) acguf &GwfyGm;ygu ab;uif;&efuGm csrf;om&m\/ 1/ Ak'o&PH *pmrd 2/ "rH o&PH *pmrd 3/ oHCHo&PH *pmrd 4/ Ak'o&PH *pmrd 5/ "rH o&PH *pmrd 6/ oHCHo&PH *pmrd 7/ Ak'o&PH *pmrd 8/ "rH o&PH *pmrd 9/ oHCHo&PH *pmrd '*H k q &mxG e f ;

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DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

38

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39

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Walking in the path of Purity

By Dhamma Vi-ra Thandar Aung , ITBM University, Yangon,

oE u ma,m oE 0 gapm? oE 0g ok o rm[d a wm/ 0E avmumrd a om bd u K ? ]OyoaE m } wd 0k p w d / um,'k p d k u f u if ; ojzih f Nid r f o uf a t;csrf ; aomud k , f / 0pD'kpdkufuif;ojzihf Nidrfoufat;csrf;aomEIwf/ raem'kpdkufuif;o

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THERAVADA PARSPECTIVE

pifMu,fvrf; avQmufvSrf;jcif;
" r 0D & - o Em atmif

jzihf Nidrfoufat;csrf;aompdwf&Sdonfjzpf? aumif;pGmwnfMunfaom avmuD p nf ; pd r f t&S d e f t apmf p onf u d k y,f N yD ; jzpf a om &[ef ; ud k ]Nid r f o uf a t;csrf ; aomyk * d K vf } [kac:onf/ ("ry'ygVdawmf? bduK0*f)
The Bhikkhu who is calm in body, calm in speech, calm in mind, who is well composed and has given up (lit, vomited) worldly pleasures. is called a "Tranquil One". (Dhammapada, Bhikkhuvagga)

"rp&d, tusihfjrwfusihfaqmifwJholudk OyoEvdkYac:wJh ]Niroufat;csr;f aom yk*Kd v}f &,fvqMkd uygw,f/ tJ'OyoEy*Kd v[m d f Ykd D k f um,'kpdkuf? 0pD'kpdkuf? raem'kpdkufwdkYudk b,faomtcgumvrQ rjyKrvkya&SmifMuOfapmihxe;f wJtwGuf ]"rp&d,yk*Kd v}f vdvac:qdMk u f f d h Yk J ygw,f/ tJ'D"rp&d,yk'ft& "rqdkwmu ukovuryxw&m; (10) yg;udk p&d,musihfjcif;vdkY teufxGufygw,f/ ]ukovuryx}qdkwmu ok*wdom;vrf; ukovaumif;rIw&m;? 'grSr[kwf 'kpduw&m; (10)yg; G dk f k f rS a&SmifMuOfjzpfaom y#doaEtusKd;ay;aMumif; ukokdvfuH(10)yg; wd k Y u d k u sih f a qmif w m[m "r p &d , tusih f r nf y gw,f / 'kusala
kammaptha' means-abstinence of ten immoral acts which have the restult of bening consequences at rebirth; ukovuryx

w&m;(10)yg;wdkY[m aumif;jrwfwJh tusihfjzpfwJhtwGuf okpdkufw&m; (10)yg;vdkYvJac:ygw,f/ tJ'D ukovuryxw&m;(10)yg;(Ten Types of kusala kammaptha)uawmh atmufygtwdkif; jzpfygw,f/ (1) ygPmwdygwm a0&rPd -olYtowfudkowfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/
- - -1. panatipata veramani-abstinence from killing.

(2) t'dEm'gem a0&rPd- olYOpmudk cdk;,ljcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/

. - - 2. addinadana veramani- abstaining from taking what is not given. .

d (3) umarokrpmpm&m a0&mrP-olwpfyg;om;r,m;udk usL;vGefjcif;rS a0&mrPd a&SmifMuOfjcif;[l okpkdufum,uHqdkif&m w&m;(3)yg;/

. - -3. kamesumicchacara veramani-abstinence from sexual misconduct; .

(4) rkom0g'g a0&rP -vdrfvnfajymqdkjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ a0&rPd pmrsuf E S m 13 ok d Y