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Address
Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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FORE ARTICLES
"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ av\/ ow0gwkdY\ oGm;&m? vm;&mudk rod rjrifMubJ ikda<u;aejcif;jzihf tusKd;r&Sd/ ikda<u; jcif;jzihf tusKd;wpfpkHwpf&m&Sdbdrl ikda<u;jcif;ukd jyKoifh\/ ikda<u;jcif; pkd;&drfylaqG;jcif;jzifh pd w f \ Nid r f ; at;rI r&Ek d i f / uk d , f q if ; &J r I ? ukd,fyifyef;rI? pdwfqif;&JrI? pdwfyifyef;rIawG omjzpf\/ ylaqG;rI? pkd;&drfrI aomuukd ry,fEkdif ol o nf vG e f p G m pd w f q if ; &J \ / aool u k d taMumif;jyK w o vGr;f aqG; nnf;wGm;aeol onf aomuaemufokYdvkdufaeolomjzpf\/ ow0gwkonf rdru,udk temuif; Yd d kd f vdrrnf? touf&npmae&vdrrnf ponfjzifh hf S f G hf xifrSwfaeMuavonf/ okdYaomf xkdtxifrsm; vkH;0 rSm;,Gif;ay\/ avmu uHaumif; taMumif;vS toufwpf&m? wpf&mtxuf ausmveatmif ae&jim;aomfvnf; aemufq;Hk f G f wpfaeY ao&rnfomjzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh aoolukd jrifawGUvQif wpfzefjyefvnftouf&i&efrwwfEi/ aumif; S f dk f pG m od j rif q if j cif t yf \ / ik d a <u; wrf ; w jrnfwrf;jcif;ukd y,fazsmuftyf\/ rD;avmifaeaomtdrfukd a&jzifhNidrf; owfouJhodkY rdrdusa&mufaeaom ylaqG; aomuukd? ajimifhukd? rD;ukd todPfjzihf vsifpGm Nidrf;owfoihf\/ avonf 0g*Grf;ukd vT i f h x k w f wk d u f c wf o uJ h o k d Y aomuuk d vG,fulpGmzsufqD; z,f&Sm;ypfoifh\/ rdrd\ ukd,fusef;rmrI? pdwfcsrf;omrI ukd tvkd&Sdaomolonf idka<u;jcif;? ylaqG;jcif;? jrnfwrf;jcif;? ESvkH;rom,mjcif; wnf;[laom ajimifhukd? jrm;ukd? rdrdukd,fwkdifyifvQif EIwfypf tyf\/ aomuajimifu?dk jrm;ukd EIwypfEiol h f dk f onf wPSm? 'd|dukd rrSDrl pdwf\Nidrf;at; csrf ; omjcif ; uk d &&S d v suf aomuuif ; a0; Nidrf;csrf;a&;&&SdoGm;oljzpfavawmhownf;/ aomua0; Nid r f ; at;csrf ; omMuygap aomujrm;uk d Ek w f y pf y g/ earmor m or K ' rk H & G m aeZm

Ak'*wum D d
q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) tnw& jA[ P 0w K

Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0wdjynf aZw0efausmif;awmf aeawmfrlaomtcg ykPm;wpfa,mufonf wuwGef;xH &[ef;jyK bk&m;&Sifukd okdYavQmuf\/ tuREkfyfonf vnf; qGrf;cHtoufarG;ygonf/ tuREkfyfukdvnf; bduK[kac:awmfrlyg[k avQmuf&mwGif ]]e awe bduK aom a[mwd}} paom ESpf*gxmukd a[mawmfrl\/ e awe bduK aom a[mwd? ,m0wm bdua0 ya&/ 0dH "rH orm'g,? bduK a[mwd e wm0wm/ a,m p ykn ygy? Ama[wGm jA[p&d, 0g/ ocFg& avmau p&wd? o a0 ]]bduK}} wd 0kpwd/ jref r muAsm olwpfyg;xH qGrf;cHaMumifhuG,f? &[ef;pifppf rjzpfEkdifw,f? tqdyfwlvifh tusifh,lo,f? &Sif&[ef; ppfwef;rjzpfw,f/
He is not therefore a bhikkhu merely because he begs from others; by following ill-smelling actions one certainly does not become a bhikkhu.

pum;ajy/ / tMuifolonf tMuifrQavmuf aomtaMumif;jzifh tqdyfESifhwlaom tusifh pum;ajy w&m;ukd aqmufwnfaomtm;jzifh ,lqGr;f pm; umrQjzifh &[ef;jrwfrjzpfEiao;/ tvk;H pkaom dk f H 0denf;usifh0wf y#dywfukd vkdufemaomaMumifhom &[ef;jrwfjzpfEkdif\/ xkdqGrf;pm;umrQjzifh &[ef;jrwfrjzpfEkdif/ jref r muAsm avmuwGif tMuifolonf? PfjzifhyGm;rsm; w&m;usifhonf? aumif;raumif;jypf vTifhypfarQmNyD/ jrwf&[ef; ppfwef;qkdEkdifNyD/
Herein he who has abandoned both merit and demerit, he who is holy, he who lives with understanding in this world, he indeed is called a bhikkhu.

pum;ajy/ / avmu tMuifyk*dKvfonf ukokdvf? tukokdvf (aumif;rI-raumif;rI) pum;ajy ESpfyg;pkHukd (ypfvTifhaomtm;jzifh) cGmarQmNyD; jrwfaomtusifhukd qifjcifusifhokH;aeaom xkdyk*Kdvfukd pifppf&[ef;(bduK) [kqkdtyf\/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/ ygonf/ qkv&if;rSm jrefrmEkiirS q&mawmfBu;D d dk d f H rsm;\ tbd"rma'oemawmfudk uRr;f usiwwf f odawmfrlMujcif;onf t&aumufusrf;rsm;\ aus;Zl;aMumifhyifjzpfygonf/ ,if;t&aumuf usrf;rsm;ukd jrefrmhenf; jrefrmh[efrsm;jzifh a&;om;ykdYcsxm;ygonf/ tjcm; rnfonfhEkdifiH rSmrS r&Sdyg/ tbd " r m uk d &S m azG v d k v Qif Ak'jrwfpGmonf a0ae,syk*Kdvfrsm; qif;&Juif;uGm csrf;omokccHpm;Ekdifap&ef od& usifh&rnfh t&Sdw&m;rsm;ukdom a[mMum; awmfrcygonf/ xkaMumihf tbd"rmtaMumif; l hJ Yd odkYr[kwf tbd"rma'oemawmfukd &SmazGod&Sd vkdygvQif rdrd\ ukd,fcEmESifh ywf0ef;usifwGif &S m azG M unh f y g-[k o m tBuH j yKvk d y gonf / tbd"rma'oemawmf y&rwjzpfaom kyf? emrfobm0wkdYukd a0zefpdppf a[mawmfrl xm;ygonf/ xkdYaMumihfvnf; t&d,molawmf aumif;wkdYu ]]emrl y y&d a p ' uxm}} [k rdefYawmfrlcJhMuygonf/ tbd " r m uk d o if , l N yD ; tbd " r m y&rw o bm0uk d ususeeod & S d a tmif ravhvm rvkdufpm;bJ rodem;rvnfaom omoemzsuf ynm&Sifqkdolrsm;\ tqkdtrdefY rsm;onf tbd"rma'oemawmfESifh ax&0g' Ak'bmom uG,faysmufa&;oufoufjzpfNyD; xktqktrdersm;jzifh tbd"rmobm0ukd rnfoYdk d d Yf rQ rod&SdEkdifyg/ tbd"rmukd ususee avhvm oif,lNyD; tbd"rma'oemawmfvmaom k y f o bm0? emrf o bm0rsm; rd r d o E m ef wu,f&Sdr&Sdukd rsufjrifudk,fawGUjzifhjzpfap? Pfynmjzifhjzpfap &SmazGavhvmNyD; wwfod em;vnf y gu txuf y gjyemrsm; tvk d tavsmuf ajz&Sif;NyD;jzpfygvdrfhrnf/ xkdokdY rsufjrifvufawGUod&Sdatmif roifMum; ravhvm rvkdufpm;bJ ]]tbd"rm bk&m;a[mr[kwf}} [k rsufpdrSdwfNyD; atmf[pf a&;om;aejcif;onf ]]rdrdukd,frdrd Ak'bmom trnfcH vlvdrfvlnmtjzpf}} aMunmae&m a&mufygonf/ xkdokdY vufawGUr&SdrSajymvQif obm0usygonf/ "robm0rsm;ukd trSef wu,f awGUjrifEkdifygvsufESifh tbd"rmukd tjcm;enf;jzif&mazGcaomf b,fawmhrawGUjrif h S hJ S Ekirnfr[kwyg/ ae&m Pfynmrsuv;Hk d f f f Munfvifz?Ydk jrifatmifMunhwwfzYdk ta&;Bu;D yg f onf/ Ak'jrwfpGmonf tbd"rm\ y&rw kyemrfobm0rsm;ukd oAnKwPfawmfjrwf f jzifh od&SdNyD; a[mawmfrlxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ Pfr,SOaom tEyxZOfw\t&mr[kwyg/ f k k Ydk f t&Sifem*aoerax&fonf rdvdE bk&iftm; emrfw&m;wkdYjzpfaeonfhobm0ukd ]]tly "r00wme 'ku&yOm- emrfw&m;wkdYukd ykdif;jcm;jcif; cJ,Of;ykH}} jyemjzifh rdefYMum; ajz&Sif;awmfrlcJhygonf/ (rdvdE? jref? 102)/ xkdkYaMumifh tbd"rma'oemawmf (tbd"rm obm0 y&rw&kyfemrf"r) wkdYukd aocsmpGm BuKd;pm;tm;xkwf avhvmoif,lyg/ twy&? tZw? A[d'wkdY tbd"rma'oemawmfvm kyf+emrfobm0"rwkdYukd ukd,fykdifPfjzifh uk,wiojd rifvmygu ]]tbd"rma'oemawmf d f dk f bk&m;&Sif a[m^ra[m}} ukd od&Sdem;vnf oabmaygufvmygvdrfhrnf/
b' E ukrm& (t*r[my@dw) 'kwd,ygarmucsKyfq&mawmf(pDrH) EkdifiHawmfy&d,wdoHCwuokdvf(&efukef) (17-12-2009) Mumoyaw;aeY

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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]]aMomf acG;ow0gav; qmavmifae vkuwm? tpmpm;csive;f vkYd tNr;D weHeearQmf d f f G Y YH YJ ae&Smw,f? [kwf&SmrSmyJ? touf&SdwJhow0g wki;f [m cEmukjd yKpaeMuwmr[kwvm;? w&m; d k f oabmeJYMunhfvkdufawmh tm;vkH;[m cEm&JU aus;uRefawGygyJ? qmawmh pm;ay;vkduf&? yl t k d u f n pf a yawmh a&csKd ; ay;vk d u f & ? anmif ; nmuk d u f c J v mawmh ES d y f e ,f a y;&? a&qmawmh aomuf v k d u f & ? td y f c sif a wmh td y f a y;vk d u f e J Y . . tk d pk H a ewmyJ ? cE m uk d jyKpk & wm rvG , f b l ; ? tif r wef r S qif ; &J yifyef;ygw,f? wpfb0wnf;vnf; r[kwfbl;? b0quf w k d i f ; r*f z k d v f e d A m ef r&rcsif ; qk d awmh....}} pma&;olonf tpmpm;csifvGef; tNr;D weHeearQmaeaom acG;uav;ukMd unhNf y;D Y YH YJ f oH a 0*Pf y G m ;aerd o nf / awG ; Munh f a v ]]cE m BuD ; u 'k u w k H ; BuD ; ouf o uf y gvm;}} vk d Y oabmayguf a vjzpf a wmh o nf / ]]oaAowm tm[m&Xdwum- ow0gwki;f [m d d tpmtm[m&ukdrSDNyD; touf&SifaeMu&w,f? Mo'e ukrmo olypa,m- xrif; rka,mrkefY ponfwkdYjzifh BuD;yGm;pnfyif&w,f}} [k jrwfpGm bk&m;a[mawmfrlcJhonf/ oHa0*0wK&Spfyg; wGifvnf; tpm&Sm&aom'kuESifhyufouf ]]rjywf c k c g? jzpf a ewk e f ; rS m vnf ; ? tpm &Sm&? xkd'kuaMumifh? aeYnr[l? ukd,fpdwf

yl ? ol o l i gig? rouf o monf } } [k aus;Zl;&Sif r[m*EmkHq&mawmf t&SifZeum bd0ou rSwwrf;jyKawmfrconf/ rSeayonf/ H f l hJ f ypKyefwnfhwnfh ow0grsm; awGUBuKHcHpm;ae &aom'kuum; tjcm;r[kwf? tpm&Sm&onfh 'kuyifwnf;/ aeyl r a&S m if r k d ; &G m ra&S m if a>r raMumuf uif ; raMumuf acR;ayguf , k d p D ; ? rnnf ; pwrf ; avQmuf v S r f ; aeMu&ol w k d i f ; roufomvSacs/ av,mOfysEiwpfo,?f um;? H S hf G &xm;? oabF m ? vS n f ; ? avS E S i h f w pf z k H ? rsKd;pkHatmif &SmazG&aomfvnf; rSef;csufESifh ESrf;xGufukdufolenf;yg;vSayonf/ txifESihf tjrif y gpif a tmif vG J o G m ;wwf a yonf / vG,fawmhrvG,f? cEmtwGuf pD;yGm;Opm&SmazG ae&if;ESihf tpdEdwrd b0wd= rBuHbJvnf; jzpfwwf\/ pd E d w r d 0d e wd = BuH y gvsuf E S i f h v nf ; ysufoGm;wwf\/ e[d pdEm r,m abm*g= pnf;pdrfOpmwkdYonf BuHpnfwkdif; rNyD;pD;EkdifMu/ wd,m yk&do0g= 'Doabmw&m;onf rdef;r? a,musfm;tm;vkH;ESifh oufqkdifaeay\/ um; avmujzpf w wf a om oabmw&m;ukd jrwfpmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrl G xm;jcif;jzpfayonf/ xkdpum;onf rSefvSay onf/ Muufrsm;vkd ]]aumufwkdif;om tpm

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

10

"r0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/ onf/ Nrdefa&&Sufa&pm;aeaom acG;uav;ukd Munh f & if ; z&PmyD w d *G r f ; qD x d c J h & onf / ]]olwpfOD;\ pdwfcsrf;omrIukd jznfhqnf;ay;Ekdif aom ulnDaxmufyhHEkdifaomb0rsKd;ukd &&Sd ykdifqkdif&ygap}} [kvnf; &ifxJrSmqkawmif; aerdonf/ aemuf w pf v jynh f o G m ;aomtcg pma&;olwkdYoli,fcsif;okH;av;OD;wdkY oHCmBuD; 0kdif;qGrf;a0,sm0prS tem;,l&awmhonf/ wpfvwpfcg tvSnfhusa0,sm0pwm0efjzpf aomaMumifh rnforS wpforwfwnf; rjyKvyf l k &ay/ xkdokdY oHCmBuD;qGrf;pm;0kdif;a0,sm0prS tem;,lvkduf&aomfvnf; qGrf;pm;NyD;wkdif; acG;auR;&aom'geukokdvfvkyfief;ukd vspfvsL rIcJh? wwfEkdiforQ apwemarwmtjynhft0 xm;NyD; 0w&m;rysufauR;arG;cJhonf/ okdYaomf pmoifom;wkdYxkH;pHtwkdif; aumif;aumif;rGeref bkO;f ay;ok;H aqmif&aom f G tBuru rrsm;vSay/ qif;&JcsKUd wJaom pmoif d f h om;u rsm;ayonf/ xkuoYkd csKUd wJaompmoif d hJ h om; oHCmrsm;wGif pma&;olvnf; wpfyg; tygt0if j zpf a yonf / omoema&;uk d tm;ay;vkMd uaom omoemjyKy*K vwtaejzifh k d f Ydk pmoif o m; &[ef ; omraPrsm;\ b0uk d em;vnfol tvGefenf;yg;Muonf/ pm;0wfae a&;? omoemawmfokH; a0g[m&jzihfajym&vQif omoemawmf rjzpfraevkdtyfaom ypnf; av;yg; (qGrf; ouFef; ausmif; aq;) udpwGif pmoifom; &[ef;omraPwkdYrSm jzpfovkdESihf kef;uefaeMu&onf? ajz&Sif;Mu&onf/ omoemawmf \ t"d u a& aomuf j rpf u m; y&d , w d o moemjzpf a y onf/ jrwfpGmbk&m; (45) 0gumvywfvkH; a[mMum;xm;aom "r u E m aygif ; (84000)? yd#uwfokH;ykHukd ruG,faysmuf& atmif aeYrtm;? nrem; oiftH avhusuf aeol r sm;rS m tjcm;ol r sm;r[k w f y g? y&d,wd pmoifom; &[ef;? omraPrsm; yif jzpfayonf/ omoemawmfudk wu,f aqmif & G u f a eMuonf r S m vnf ; xk d y k * K d v f rsm;yif w nf ; [k {uef { uqk d & rnf o m jzpf a yonf / trsm;ol i g xif r S w f a eMuovk d omoemawmf u k d ol & wD a pmif h a e oa,mif ? od M um;rif ; apmih f a eoa,mif ? bk d ; awmf bG m ;awmf ? txuf y k * K d v f r sm; apmih f a eoa,mif ajymqk d a eMuonf r S m vGefpGmvGJrSm;Muayonf/ xkdyk*KdvfwkdYonf trS m ;uk d t rS e f ? trS e f u k d t rS m ; xif a eMu ayonf / ,aeY o moemawmf u k d wu,f wd w d u susxd e f ; xm;ol w k d Y u m; y&d , wf pmayuk d oif M um;aeMuaom &[ef ; omraPrsm;omjzpf o nf [ k twd t us xyf xyf pum;qk d y g&ap/ xk d p um; onf wu,f r S e f ? t[k w f r S e f ? wu,f h wu,f u k d t rS e f [ k vuf k H ; wef ; ajymqk d oifhvSayonf/ a<u;aMumfoifh vSayonf/ (opH ykeyd opEd? Am[k rkud y0kpa&) xkuoYdk oHCmBu;D 0ki;f qGr;f a0,sm0p d hJ d wpf v NyD ; qk H ; oG m ;aomtcg pma&;ol w d k Y r S m qGr;f bkO;f ay;&wm odytqifrajyawmh? yJjyKwf f csOfa&ESihftqifajyovdk ESpfyg;oGm;Mu&awmh onf/ okjYd zifh wpfaeYaomtcg aeYv,fqr;f G pm;NyD; pm;<uif;pm;usefrsm;ukd acG;auR;vkduf aomtcg acG;uerf;MunhNf y;D rpm;bJa&Smifxuf G oGm;avonf/ ]][m b,fvkdjzpfwmvJ? igauR;wm ukd qmavmifaewJhacG;u rpm;ygvm;}} ]]ukd,fawmf auR;wJhxrif;ukd acG;u erf ; Munh f N yD ; rpm;bJ e J Y a &S m if x G u f o G m ;wm [m;..[m;..[m;.. uk,awmfpm;wJqr;f ukd d f h G acG;uawmif rpm;ygvm;[kdU? tJ'Dtm[m& rsKd;ukd ukd,fawmfwkdY wynhfawmfwdkYpm;aeMu& w,f aMomf 'ku- 'ku- 'ku}} oli,fcsif; OD;em&'u pma&;oludk vSr;f ajymvkuao;\/ xktcgusrS pma&;olvJ d f d owdxm;rdvuonf/ dk f ]]tif; [kwawmh [kwom;yJ? igpm;wJh f f xrif;udk acG;awmifrpm;ygvm;? [kwfwmaygh av t&if oHCmBuD;0kdif;qGrf;a0,sm0pwm0ef uswkef;u qGrf;[if;eJY? tckig&xm;wJh qGrf; [if;u rk;d eJajrBu;D uGmjcm;aewmud;k ? [kwe;f u Y d k qGr;f [if;u ewfo'g rQ rGejf rwfvwhJ tm[m&? k S tck ig&xm;wmu csOa& yJNyKwf a&vHjk yKwqkd f f awmh b,fvkdrS EIdif;,SOfvkdYr&Ekdifbl;? pdwfawmh raumif;bl;aygh? 'gayr,fh bmwwfEirmwke;f }} dk f S pma&;olonf vkdESihf r[m*EmkH ausmif;wkdufwGif yxrBuD;wef;atmifNyD;onf txd y&d,wfpmayrsm;ukd (tpm;taomuf csKdUwJhonfhMum;u) wwfajrmufoif,lcJhNyD; aemuf tdEd,EkdifiH Am&mPoDNrKdUokdY ynm oif,l&efa&mufcJhayonf/ aexkdifa&;wGif ol i ,f c sif ; oD w if ; ok H ; azmf i g;OD ; wk d Y twl aygif;pyfNyD; wkdufcef; ig;cef;&Sdonfh taqmuf tOD;wGif iSm;NyD;aexkdif&aomaMumifh tvGef pmrsuf E S m 32 ok d Y

[lonf vkdcsifjcif;? wPSm [lonf wyfruf jcif ; ? avmbES i f h w PS m um; trnf o muG J ? xreJESifh ,m*kqkdwmvkd twlwlyifjzpfonf/ wPSm[lonf avmb\emrnfuGJwpfckyif jzpfonf/ a00kpfy&d,m,f (pum;vS,f) yk'f jzpfonf/ avmb wPSm\tmkHjyK&mum; avmuDtmkH umr*kPf[k qkdtyfaom tmkH ig;yg;wnf;/ tqif;rsKd;pkH- lygkH? toHrsKd;pkHo'gkH? teHYrsKd;pkH- *EmkH? t&omrsKd;pkH- &omkH? tawGUtxdrsKd;pkH- azm|AmkH wkdYjzpfayonf/ xkdavmuDtmkH umr*kPfawGtay:rSm tcsdef &S d o rQ ruf a rmaeMuonf / xk d t mk H r sm; &atmif rem;rae &SmazGaeMuonf/ 'Dae&mrSm aus;Zl ; awmf & S i f v,f w D q &mawmf B uD ; a&;pyfawmfrlaomig;tmkHtiftpk? cifrifrIESihfaeYukef eif,ckarhykHvkdY? awGUrBuKHpwrf;? yg,fav;0 aomubkHrSm? arsm&kH&Sdawmhcref;/ atmuft0Dpdaomif;tilrSm? acgif;rjyLpwrf;/ ESpt&Snepfrnfvrf;ukv? eifarQmprf;eifu,?f f f h d f h dk a'oemPftvif;&,fESifh? eifhzsif;vkdYykdxuf omyk/ d onfavmbpkutu?dk rvkuvkd a&SmifypfvUdk / d f dk d f aemiftopfwu,fjyifvQif? aumif;zkdYtpOf/ (tcGifhomckdufrSrvkdufcsifvQif? trkdufeifhjyif &Sdao;vdrfhvm;) (tcGifhomwkef;rS rkef;csifvQif? tIH;eifhjyif &Sdao;vdrfhvm;) (tcGifhomqJrS rcJcsifvQif? tvGJeifhjyif&Sdao; vdrfhvm;) -[laom aw;xyfukd oGm;owd&rd awmhonf/ ow0gwki;f oHo&mvnfae&onf d rSm avmbwPSmaMumifhjzpfayonf/ avmuD tmkHawGukd wyfrufESpfoufrI- wPSm? ig [l aom axmifvTm;rI- rme? ig ighOpm ighypnf; ponfjzifh pGJ,lrI- 'd|d? w&m;oHk;yg;um; oHo&me,fukd csJUwwfaomaMumifh yyw&m; [k ac:ayonf/ wPSm? rme? 'd|d [laom w&m;okH;yg;aMumihf ow0grsm; oHo&musif vnfaeMu&onf/ ]]aMomf avmb? avmb? avmu rS m aomu&J U jrpf z sm;cH & m[m avmbygyJ ? avmbaMumif h a omujzpf & w,f ? ab;&ef tE & m,f a wG j zpf & w,f ? jyemaygif ; pk H wuf & w,f ? &if q k d i f & w,f ? 'D a vmbom y,fEkdifcJh&if ...}} pma&;olonf acG;uav;ukdtpm auR;&mu tawG;,OfaMumrSm epfajrmoGm;cJh

PODIUM DHAMMA
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11

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rk o m0g' a0&rPd oD v um;? oD v yg&rD ? op m yg&rD taqmuftODBuD;ESpf&yfudk NyD;jynhfpHkapEdkif\/ xdkYaMumihf bk&m;avmif; yk*dKvfjrwf wdkYonf ig;yg;oDvwGif rkom0g'rS a&SmifMuOfaom oDvudk txl;apmihf a&SmufawmfrlMuukef\/ ]]bk&m;tavmif; yk*dKvfaygif;wdkY? raumif;rkom; ta&Smifrsm;\}} [k y&dbmomjyKoihfvSayonf/

bk&m;avmif; okwaomrrif; rkom;MuOfa&SmifopmaqmifyHk

xdkrif;onf ayg&dom'zrf;,lpOfu w&m;em&eftwGuf acw vTwfay;&efcGihfyef\/ w&m;emNyD;aomf oihfxHodkYvm towfcHvSnhfyg tHh[k ajymqdkcJhonf/ ajymqdkonfhtwkdif;yif w&m;em,lNyD;aomf ayg&d om'txHodkYoGm;avonf/ xdkrif;onf rdrdajymaom opmpum;udk apmihf rkom;pum;rjzpfbJ rkom0g'rS a&SmifaomoDvyg&rD? opmudk apmihfaom opyg&rD? ESpfyg;udk jznhfawmfrlonf/

r[mok w aomrrif ; ? rk o m0g'rS txl ; a&S m if y H k

oap yd0gawm? *d&drm 0a[,s? paEmp ol&da,mp? qrmyaw,sHK/ oAmp eaZm? y#daomwH 0aZ,sHK? eawG0[H &mZ? rkom baP,sH/ avjyif;rkefwdkif;onf awmifBuD;udk uRwfygoGm;atmifwdkuf aqmifoGm;apumrl? vrif; aerif;BuD;ESpfpif;? ajra<uusa&muf&Sdvm

NO AGEING, NO DEATH, NO FEAR

12

"r0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

living through Birth and Death

ZmwdESifhr&PMum;twGif; &Sifoefjcif;
[Hom0wD-OD;tkef;BudKif
Death, thy servant, is at my door. He has crossed the unknown sea and brought thy call to my home, The night is dark and my heart is fearful-yet I will take up the lamp, open my gate and bow to him my welcome, It is thy messenger stand at my door, I will worship him with folded hands, and with tears. I will worship him placing at his feet the treasure of my heart. He will go back with his errand done, leaving a dark shadow on my morning and in my desolate home only my forlorn self will remain as my last offering to thee. Rabindaranath Tagore, from Gitanjali.

r&Poeif; &Sifaorif;oif\uRef,Hkonf uREfkyfwHcg;0 a&muf&SdaeygNyD olonf tajymus,fpGmaom yifv,fudkjzwfum oif\qihfac:jcif;udk uREfkyftdrfodkY aqmif,lvmygonf/ oonf rdkufarSmifvGef;vSyg\/ uREkfyf\ESvHk;om; aMumuf&GHUpdk;xdwfrIwdkYjzihf jynhfvQHvsuf&Sd\/ odkYaomf uREfkyfonf rD;tdrfudkudkifqGJvsuf uREfkyf\aetdrfNcH0if;wHcg;udkzGihf olYtm; OD;Gwfvsuf BudKqdkrnfomjzpfonf uREfkyf\aetdrf0if;wHcg;0 &yfaeolonfum; oihfqihfac:pmudk aqmif,lvmaom qufom;jzpfygonf/ uREfkyfonf olYtm;vuf,Sufrdk; rsuf&nfpufrsm;ESihftwl uefawmhvkdufygrnf/ uREfkyfonf ol\ajc&if;ESvHk;om;&wemrsm;udk jzefYcif;vsuf oltm;ylaZmfvuygrnf/ Y dk f olonf uREfkyf\eHeufcif;udk t&dyfrnf;BuD;xdk;NyD; wm0efausyGefpGmjzihf jyefoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ uREfkyf\ NiD;aiGUzG,f&m txD;useftdrfwGif aMuuGJaeaom twmomvQif oiftm; aemufqHk;ylaZmf&mtjzpf usef&pfrnfjzpfygonf/ &mAifj'mewfw*dk;\ *DwvDrS/

b*FgvDpmqdk&SifBuD; &mAifj'mewfw*dk;onf tdEd,EdkifiHrS tausmftarmfpmqdkawmfwpfOD;jzpf\/ 1941 ckESpf Mo*kwfv 7-&ufaeY touf (80) jynhfwGif uG,fvGefcJhavonf/ olruG,fvGefrD r&Pmoeif; &Sifaorif;u olYtm;ac:awmh rnf[laom edrdwfvumtaMumif;Mum;pmudk ol\taptyg;qufom; jzpfaom tdkjcif;ESihfemjcif;? Z&mESihfAsm"dwdkYudkvTwf today;cJhrnfjzpf onf/ tkdjcif; (Z&m) ESihf emjcif; (Asm"d) wdkYonf aojcif; (r&P) \ t&dyfvuPmrsm;jzpfonf/ aorif;\a&SUajy;twdwfedrdwfvuf&m rsm; jzpfonf/ tdkjcif;? emjcif;[laom aojcif;\t&dyfvuPmrsm;udk awGU& BuHKMu&aomtcg ouf&Sdyk*dKvfwdkYonf tvGeftrif;aMumuf&GHU wk e f v I y f M uav&m? raoMu&zd k Y t a&;twG u f rnf o nf u d k r qd k vuftkyfcsDrdk;&Sdcdk; uefawmh wdkvQdK;awmif;yef&ef 0efav;Murnf r[k w f a y/ rd r d w d k Y tES p f E S p f t vvu pk a qmif ; xm;&S d c J h M uaom udk,fydkifOpma&TaiG&wemrsm;udk ay;urf;Mu aoavmufrl;rl;a0'emrS uif ; vG w f y aysmuf z d k Y t a&;? aorif ; vuf r S vG w f a jrmuf z d k Y t a&; &uf & uf a &ma&mtuk e f t uscH M urnf omjzpf o nf / wu,f a wmh aojcif;qdkonfrSm tdkrif;&ifha&mfjcif;wnf; [laom Z&mw&m;u taxmuftyHhjyKxm;om&Sdaeonf[k qdkEdkifrnf jzpfonf/ ygVdbmom ]]Z&m}} [laom yk'u?kd "rpMumokw&wpOf ed, f f G f udk jyKpawmfraom q&mawmfO;D Akpu ]]qd;k &Gm;a[mif;jrif; tdrif;&ifa&mf k l f k h jcif;}} [k zGifhqdkonf/ trsm;wumwdkYu ]]tdkjcif;}} [k vG,fulpGmac:qdk Muonf/ wu,fawmh ]]Z&m}} [lonfrSm? ZmwdESihfr&PpyfMum;? Mum; umvtcdkuftwefYumvwpf&yfomjzpfonf/ ow0gwdkY y#doaEwnf aeNyD;onfrS aoonftxd Mum;umvonf Z&m\e,fy,fjzpfonf/ odkYaomf oufBuD;&G,ftdkjcif;udk ]]Z&m}} [kac:aeMuonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ]]Z&myd'kum}} [l Z&mudk 'ku[k a[m awmfrlonf/ trSefpifppf Z&mom'kur[kwfay/ ZmwdESihfr&PwdkYonf vnf; 'kujzpfonf[k a[mawmfrlonf/ taMumif;um; ,if;w&m;wdkY onf rNrJaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ rNrJjcif;tedpjzpfaomaMumihf qif;&Jjcif; 'kujzpf&onf/ rNrJjcif;? qif;&Jjcif;wdkYudk aumif;pGmxifxifodjrif&ef tvGefcufcJayonf/ avmutjrifwGif oufBuD;&G,ftdkwdkY\ toGifu qif ; &J j cif ; 'k u w &m;ud k tvG , f u l q H k ; xif [ wf j yoaeonf j zpf oufBuD;&G,ftdkjcif;udk Z&m[l xif;ueJaxmufjyaeMujcif;jzpfrnf xifonf/

NO AGEING, NO DEATH, NO FEAR

"r0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ wnf o aE v uf & if ; aMumih f cuf j cif ; BuD ; cuf a cs? ysuf , G i f ; NyD ; ysuf a <uonf usuf o a&rJ h a &;? 0#f Z mwd b 0vmvQif Z&wm qd k u f a &muf r nh f a b;/ / oG m ;usd K ;vd k Y yg;yd e f y d e f tm;t&S d e f y suf a o;? pm;rNrd e f puf r arS ; Ed k i f b l Y tcuf a &;wef w ef ? qH y if j zLI y f a yG p G & ,f E S i h f 'k a u e 'k u w &H / / wk e f c snh f c snh f cg;ud k i f ; [ef em;xdkif;jyef ,dk,Gif;vdkY td k r if ; rI uk e f ; uG Z &m oH k ; rusyg/ &S i f a orif ; r,l v mawmif vl t &m 0if b l ; uG , f h a v;../ / v,fwy@dwq&mOD;armifBu;D zGUJ qdcaom ]Z&m'kAvbGUJ aw; D k hJ wyf} jzpfonf/ Z&m'kAvudk ]]tdkrif;rpGrf;}} [k ac:Muonf/ xdkYaMumihf apwem&SifwdkYonf ,if;tdkrif;rpGrf;ol[k orkwfcH&olrsm;udk oltdkHkrsm; zGihfvsuf apmihfa&SmufrIrsm;ay;aeMuonf/ Z&mudk ygVdtbd"mefrsm;u touft&G,ftdkrif;jcif; (ageing) BuD;&ihfjcif; (age) [k zGihfqdkMuonf/ jrefrmpmtbd"mefu tdkrif; &ifha&mfjcif;[kzGihfonf/ Z&m'kAvudk tdkrif;tm;enf;jcif; (infirmity) [k azmfjyonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlaom avmuoHk;yg;rS xGuf ajrmuf&m xGufajrmufaMumif; y#dporkyg'fa'oemawmf? taMumif; w&m;wdkYaMumihf tusdK;w&m;wdkYjzpfjcif;udk azmfjyawmfrl&mwGif? ]]wPSm vk d c sif w yf r uf r I a Mumif h ? Oy'gef p J G v ef ; rI j zpf \ / Oy'gef p J G v ef ; rI aMumifh? b0jyKvkyfrIESihfjzpfwnfrIonfjzpf\/ b0jyKvkyfrIaMumifh Zmwd y#d o aE a erI j zpf \ / Zmwd y #d o aE a erI a Mumif h Z&mr&P wnf;[laom tdkrIaorIwdkYjzpf\}} [l a[mMum;awmfrlonf/ odtaMumif;w&m;wdaMumifh tusKd ;w&m;rsm;jzpfjcif;wnf; Yk Yk [laom y#dporkyg'fudkMunhfvQif? csrf;om[l jrLwpfaphrQr&SdaMumif;? qif;&JwHk;? qif;&Jpk? qif;&JcJcsnf;omjzpfaMumif;awGU&Sd&ayonf/ onhftaMumif;w&m;rsm;rjzpfu? tusdK;w&m;wdkYrjzpfay: ay/ 'kurD;tm;vHk; Nidrf;at;oGm;rnf[k tjyeftvSeftm;jzihf a[mawmf rlaom y#davmra'oem y#dporkyg'fa'oem[kyif ac:qdkavonf/ onfudk&nf aus;Zl;awmf&Sifv,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; pD&ifawmfrlaom y#dporkyg'fvuFmBuD;? Zmwdyp,mZ&m r&Ptydk'f odkYazmfjypDuHk;awmfrlonf/ ]]oaEZmwd? wzefNid? BwdbHkol? wqlqlvQif? vlvlewf ewf ? rwf r wf r m;rm;? jzpf j yef j im;aomf ? oH k ; yg;t&G , f ? tv,f t qHk;? tNrJxHk;jzihf? tEIef;pOfpD? oaEcsDu? em&DpOfoifh? tqihfqihf vQif ? &ih f N rJ a &mf N rJ ? woJ o J w nh f ? rpJ a eY n ? w&G & G v Qif ? cPoE wd? t*dZ&m? ESpfjzmavmifrD;? &Sdef&SdefnD;? tBuD;ti,f? t&G,f jcm;em;? jcm;em;? tpm;pm;vQif? toGm;wGifwGif? rpJESif\/ av;tifaorI? wckckvnf;? rygtE&m,f? toG,foG,fESihf? ESD;EG,fHk;pnf;? wpfvHk;

13

wnf ; vQif ? BuD ; BuD ; i,f i ,f ? t&G , f r axmuf ? tcsd e f a &muf u ? csKyf a ysmuf c E m ? rjiif ; omonf ? Z&mr&PpG r f ; &nf w nf ; /}} avmu urmBuD;twGif;0,f ouf0ifvIyf&Sm;aeMuaom vlom;rSeforQwdkY onf wpfaeYwpfcsdefusvQif tkdMu&rnf/ a&m*g rsKd;pkH tESdyfpufcHMu&vsuf emMu&rnf/ avmu tyl&Sdu tat;&Sdonf/ tat;&S d u tyl & S d onf / xk d e nf ; wl tk d j cif ; w&m;&S d u rtk d j cif ; w&m;&Sd&rnf/ emjcif;w&m;&Sdu remjcif;w&m; &Sd&rnf/ tvm;wl aojcif;w&m;&Sdu raojcif; w&m;&Sd&rnf[k rtkd&m? rem&m? rao&m w&m;tppfw&m;trSefukd ynm&SiftcsKdUu &SmazGaeMuonf/ rnfokdYyif&SmazGMuygaomfvnf; rtkd &m? rem&m? rao&m w&m;ppfw&m;rSefukd rawGU &SdMuygyJ tkdNrJtkdaeMu&? emNrJemaeMu&? aoNrJ aoaeMu&monf/ avmuok H ; yg; w&m;tvk H ; pk H u k d od j rif a wmf r l a om oAnKwPfawmf&Sif jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifyGifhawmfrlvmaomtcg rtk d & m? rem&m? rao&m (tZ&m? tAsm"d ? trw) w&m;ppf w&m;rS e f w k d Y u k d jrwf p G m bk & m;a[mMum;awmf r l o jzih f vl t csKd U wk d Y od e m;vnf c J h M u&onf / 0d e nf ; yd # uwf r[m0gygVd a wmf r[m y&dedAmeokwfwGif jrwfpGmbk&m; odkYa[mMum;awmfrlonf/ ]]tmeEm? ,cktcg igonf tkdrif;BuD;&ihfvSygNyD/ t&G,fvGef aeygNyD/ tqkH;ykdif;okdY a&mufaeygNyD/ ightouf&Spfq,f&SdaeygNyD..}} ]]tmeEmvSnf;tkdonf zGJUpnf;wkyf aESmifjcif;jzihfwnfwHh ouJ h o k d Y ? twl y if ig\ cE m uk d , f o nf zG J U pnf ; wk y f a ES m if j cif ; ES i h f w l a om zvormywf j zih f wnf w h H v suf & S d \ ..}} ]]tmeE m tMuif t cg igonf tvk H ; pk H a om tmkHedrdwfwkd Yukd ESvkH;roGif;jcif; aMumifhvnf;aumif;? tcsKdUaom a0'emwk d Y \ csKyf j cif ; aMumih f v nf ; aumif ; ? ocF g &ed r d w f w k d Y u k d tmk H r jyKaomorm"d o d k Y a&muf ae\..}} ]]tmeE m ..? ig\cE m uk d , f o nf xk d t cg omvG e f csrf ; om\}} onf h t jzpf r S m Z&mok c jzpf \ / tk d j cif ; csrf ; omjzpf \ / jrwfpmbk&m;Tejf yawmf rlaom onhenf;ukvuem usio;Hk Muyg G f d dk f hf vQif tkdumrSomcsrf;omaomtjzpfukd cHpm;EkdifMurnfjzpf\/ if;enf;pOfrSm ocFg&edrdwfwkdYukd ESvkH; roGif;jcif;? tmkH rpk d u f j cif ; ? vuf r cH j cif ; ? rod r f ; yk d u f j cif ; yif j zpf \ / rcsrf ; rom qif;&Jyifyef;onfoabmjzpfMu&jcif;taMumif;&if;rSm ocFg&edrwwudk h d f Ydk vufcHodrf;ykduftmkHpkdufjcif;aMumifhjzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh if;w&m;wkdYukd y,fcGmvQif trSefyifcsrf;omrnfjzpf\/ oltkdwkdYonf ,if;w&m;wdkYukd y,fcGmpGefYypfoifh\/ tkdrif;rpGrf;jzpfae Muojzifh y,fcGmypfjcif;onf taumif;qkH;jzpf\/ ocF g &ed r d w f [ l o nf r S m ]]t0d Z m yp , m ocF g &m}} [k a[mawmfronftwki;f t[kwf trSeudk rodrjrifjcif;aMumifh ypKyetrI? l h d f f oHo&mtrIwkdYukd rpdppf rqifjcif ra0zef rykdif;jcm; EkdifyJvsuf jyKpkysKd;axmifjcif;wkdYonfjzpf\/ xkoabmwkudk aus;Zl;awmf&if v,fwq&mawmfb&m;Bu;D u d Yd S D k uJhodkY zGifhqkd&Sif;jy awmfrlcJh\/ ]]trS e f a v;csuf ? oabmeuf u k d ? zk H ; 0S u f u G , f u m? t0d Z m [k ? r[mwr? arS m if B uD ; usvsuf ? b0NrKH o k d u f ? &S d e f & S d e f t k d u f o m;? trI d u f r D ; pm? cE m uk d ? wG , f w morI ? pmrsuf E S m 18 ok d Y

DHAMMA DEW

14

"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

jrwfpGmbk&m;oHk;aqmifawmfrltyfaom twdkif;t&SnfyrmP &Sdonhf ouFef;awmf? xl;jcm;aomoydwfawmf? awmifa0S;awmf? zdeyfawmfwdkYudk jrefrmjynf tb,fyk*dKvfwdkY vSL'gef;Muygoenf;/
cif a rmif r d k ; (awmif B uD ; ) jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif oHk;aqmifawmfrltyfaom twdkif;t&Snf yrmPyHkpHtwdkif;&Sdonhf ouFef;awmfudk rEav;&wemyHkNrdKUwnf eef;wnf yro*Fg,emwif rif;wkef;rif;w&m;BuD;onf r[mrkedbk&m;? r[mous 0Hobk&m;? r[mousrm&ZdefausmufawmfBuD;bk&m; tp&Sdaom kyfyGm; awmfjrwfBuD;wdkYtm; vSL'gef;awmfrlonf/ jrwf p G m bk & m;\ouF e f ; awmf y rmPyH k p H csKyf p yf e nf ; rif;wke;f rif;w&m;Bu;D onf jrwfpmbk&m;\ ouFe;f awmfyrmP ESihf ouFef;yHkpHcsKyfpyfyHkcsKyfpyfenf;wdkYudk usrf;*efvmxHk;pHESihftnD odvdk G onfjzpf rEav;NrdKUajrmufjyifpHausmif;q&mawmfxH pmoGif;csD;ajrmuf yg&ef avQmufxm;avonf/ ajrmuf j yif p H a usmif ; q&mawmf pmoG i f ; csD ; ajr m uf j cif ; pmoGif;&rnhfaeY&ufrSm? jrefrmou&mZf 1233-ck awmfovif; vjynhfausmf (10) &ufaeYjzpfonf/ pHausmif;q&mawmfonf jrwfpGm bk & m;&S i f \ ouF e f ; tvsm;teH y rmPud k v nf ; aumif ; ? ]]0d p m&Praw emwd? yuH0g owuH0g? e0uH0g {um'ouH0ga[mwlwd/ {0H0pm&P rawe}} [laom 0denf;r[m0guwdeuEu t|uxm ESifhtnD 5-cef;? 7-cef;? 9-cef;? 11-cef; tvGefqHk;csKyfpyfygu 0denf;awmf d ESifhnDrnf[k ouFef;tcef;yrmPudkvnf;aumif;(1) ukod- wvkwfajrmif;&Snf teHtem;ywf (2) tukod- uefYvefYwvkwfajrmif;udk (3) r@v- tcef;wdkif;ygaom tdrf0ef;BuD; (4) tr@v- tdrf0ef;i,f (5) 0d0- tv,fA[dkacgifpyf (6) tEk0d0- if;ab;wzufwcsuf acgif&Hpyf (7) *Da0,su- txuftvsm;tem;ywf (8) ZaCF,su- atmuftvsm;tem;ywf (9) Am[E- tjyifpGef;wzufwcsufvufvdyftpyf (ig;pyf ouFef;twGufjzpfonf) ouF e f ; csKyf p yf y H k e nf ; yH k p H e J Y w uG wif j yjcif ; ajrmufjyifpausmif;q&mawmfb&m;onf? uJoaomouFe;f \ tpdwftydkif;rsm;yg&Sdaom ouFef;yHkpHawmfudkyg? yHka&;qGJ? rif;wkef;rif; H k h Ykd w&m;xH pmoGif;awmfrlonf/ (0de,orl[ 0dedp,usrf;? 'kwd,wGJ? ESm- 488) xl ; jcm;aomoyd w f a wmf B uD ; rsm; xl;jcm;aomoydwfawmfrsm;udk? a&S;acwfu bk&m;ykxdk;apwDawmf kyfyGm;awmfBuD;rsm;teD;? BuD;rm;aomausmufoydwfawmfBuD;rsm; udk jrefrmrif;rsm;ESifhwuG jynfoljynfom;taygif;wdkYu xkqpfjyKvkyf vSL'gef;avh&SdMuygonf/ ppfudkif;wkdif; rHk&GmNrdKUe,fausmumajrmuf&Gma&T*leDbk&m;BuD;0if; twGif;? ausmufoydwfawmfBuD;? oifykwfyvif? oifykwfcGuf? ausmuf vifyef;BuD;rsm;udk a&S;rif;rsm;ESihf a&S;vlBuD;rsm;wnfvkyfvSL'gef;xm;&SdcJh Muonfudk? t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUrsm; jrefrmEdkifiHawmfudk odrf;ydkufNyD;onfacwf umvtxd awGU&SdcJhMu&ygonf/ xl ; jcm;aomawmif a 0S ; awmf B uD ; ES i h f z d e yf a wmf B uD ; xl;jcm;aomawmifa0S;awmfBuD;ESifhzdeyfawmfBuD;wdkYudk? jrefrm pmqdkausmf usnf;uef&SifBuD; (udk&ifBuD;) &SifeE"Zonf ppfudkif;aumif;rI awmfbk&m;BuD;wGif vSL'gef;xm;&SdcJhonf[k ordkif;rSwfwrf;rsm;t& od&Sd &ygonf/ usnf;uef&SifBuD; &SifeE"Zonf tvsm; 12 awmif_vHk;ywf 8-vufqkyfyrmP&Sdaom rSefpDa&Tcsawmifa0S;awmfBuD;udkvnf;aumif;? tvsm;oHk;awmif_ teHwpfawmifxGmyrmP&Sdaom rSefpDa&Tcs zdeyfawmfBuD;udkvnf;aumif;? ppfudkif;aumif;rIawmfbk&m;tm; vSL'gef;awmfrlcJh onf[k opmbm0Dusrf;? pmrsufESm- 192 wGif azmfjyyg&Sdonfudk avhvm od&Sd&ayonf/ cif a rmif r d k ; (awmif B uD ; )

DHAMMA TALKS
"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

15

bk&m;taeuZmwiftaMumif; - odaumif;p&m
oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm) bk&m;taeuZmwiftaMumif;um;? jrwfpGmbk&m;jzpfawmfrl Ny;D aomtcg y|ryvuowm[ty&mZdwyviawmf pHawmfrvsuF f l f (1) ]]taeuZmwdoHom&H}} tpcsDaom*gxmawmfudk pdwfjzihf O'gef;usL;awmfrlygonf/ (2) xdaemuf y#dporkym'fa'oemawmfukd tEkvy#dvo;kH oyf Yk kH kH qifjcifawmfrlygonf/ (3) xdaemuf ]],'g[a0}} tpcsaom*gxmwdukd EIwjf zih&wf Yk D Yk f G qdk O'gef;usL;awmfrlygonf/ (4) xdkYaemuf pwkw&wemC& owm[ewfwdkYzefqif;tyf aom &wempHtrawmfausmif; tbd"rmckepfusr;f tydi;f tjcm;rsm;pGm d f k aom w&m;wdkYudk oHk;oyfawmfrl\/ y|mef;usrf;odkYa&mufaomtcg udk,fawmfrS ajcmufoG,faoma&mifjcnfawmfwdkY xGuf<uuGefYjrL;vmMu ukef\/ (5) xdkYaemuf yrtZygvowm[tZygvanmifyif&if;? ]]a,mjA[aPmAm[d wygy"arm}} tpcsDaom*gxmawmfudk O'gef;usL; awmfrlygonf/ (6) xdaemuf q|rkvEowm[ rkvEtif rkvEe*g;rif; Yk d d kd d \ yg;ysOf;rdk;aome*g;tacG oDwif;oHk;awmfrlaomtcg ]]okacg0dyg aum wk|}} tpcsDaom *gxmawmf 2 *gxmwdkYudk O'gef;usL;awmfrl ygonf/ bk & m;taeuZmwif t p yk * H a cwf u O'gef;*gxmawmf (4) rsKd ;? oH;k oyfawmfrtyfaomw&m;awmf l (2) rsdK;wdkYudk bk&m;jzpfawmfrlptcg? &GwfqdkoDusL;jcif;? oHk;oyfqifjcif jcif;jyKawmfrbouJoYkd Ak'yiawmfry?kH Ak'0ifjzpfawmfpOftcrf;tem;udk l d h G fh l owd&MunfnKd apjcif;tusKd ;iSm jrefrmq&mawmfoCmawmfwonf? yk*H H Ykd acwfup bk&m;apwDawmf? ykxdk;awmf? kyfyGm;awmfwdkYwnfvkyfNyD;p tcg? xdygVdawmf (6) rsKd ;wdukd &GwzwfyaZmfjcif;? txl;xl;aom ylaZmf k Yk f l zG,fwdkYjzihf ylaZmfjcif; Ak'ylZmr*FvmudkjyKvkyfawmfrlMuavonf/ taeuZmwif a0g[m& ]]taeuZmwdoHom&H}} tpcsDaom O'gef;ygVdawmf*gxmudk ]]taeuZm}} [k twdkaumufowfrSwfac:qdkMuonf/ EIwfxufwif[l aompum;udk twdkcsHK; ]]wif}} [k owfrSwfac:qdkMuonf/ odkYtusOf;csHK;oauFwa0g[m&jzpfaom ]]taeuZm}} ESihf ]]wif}} [laompum;ESp&yfukd wGpyfvsu?f apwDawmf? kyym;qif;wkawmf f J f G rsm; wnfvkyfNyD;ptcg ylaZmfaomtcrf;tem;udk ]]taeuZmwif}} [k jrefrma0g[m&jzpfay:cJhonf/ ,if; ]]taeuZmwif}} [laom a0g[m&onf apwDawmf? kyfyGm;awmftopfwdkYtm; ]]taeuZmwdoHom&H}} tpcsDaom O'gef;ygVd awmfEiwuG ,cifygVdawmfrsm;udk EIwxufwif&wqyaZmfonf[aom S fh f G f kd l l pum;tjynhtpHukd azmfjyayonf/ wdy#u"&"rb@*g&du aus;Zl;&Sif f k d rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; t&Sif0dpdwom&mbd0Horax&fjrwfu? taeuZmwif[l&m? ]]wif}} udk pwifonf[k teuft"dym,f ,lq awmfrlygonf/ onfudkvnf; rSwfom;oihfMuonf/ onf w d k Y u m; ]]taeuZmwif } } [l a om a0g[m&\ t"dym,fjzpfonf/ y|ryvuFowm[pHawmfrlNyD;? &Spf&ufajrmufaomaeY ewfjA[mtcdsKUwdonf jrwfpmbk&m;&Sium; rdr\yvi|meudpvef;ae Yk G f d f k JG ao;a,mifygwum;/ Oyg'gefruif;ao;a,mifygwum;[k ,Hrm;oHo, k S jzpfMuojzih?f xd,rm;oHo,udy,fazsmufjcif;iSm Ak'&iawmfjrwfb&m; k kH S k S f k onf aumif;uifxuf a&rD;tpHkpHkwefcdk;jym#d[mudk jyawmfrlonf/ xdu&nf&,vsuf a&S;acwftcgumvrsm;u taeuZmwif k kd G f yGJusif;yMu&m? a&csrf;tdk;? qDrD;cGufwdkYudk tjyeftvSef a&rD;tpHkpHk pDwef; vSL'gef;ylaZmfMuukef\/ (,ckacwfumv a&csrf;cGuf? qDrD; za,mif;wdkif? vQyfppfrD;vHk;wdkYjzihf ylaZmfMuav\/) xdktcg ewfjA[m wdkYonf ewfyef;aygufaygufwdkYjzihf BuJyufjzef; ylaZmfjcif;/ wHcGef? ukum;? rkav;yGm;? yef;qdi;f wdjYk zihf ylaZmfjcif;/ eHomtcd;k tvQwjYkd zihf ylaZmf k Y H jcif;/ ewfwl&d,mwdkYudk wD;rIwfylaZmfjcif;/ yoDcewfom;\ aAvk0 y@Kewfapmif;udk wD;cwfylaZmfjcif; paom? tHhzG,fxl;qef;crf;em; aom Ak'ylaZmfyGJBuD;udk usif;yjyKvkyfMuukef\/ xdktjcif;t&mwdkYudk&nf&G,f(u) taeuZmwif&[ef;oHCmawmfw\vuf wHceuum;? Ykd G f k rkav;yGm;wdkYudk udkifaqmifylaZmfMuonf/ (c) aygufaygufyef;wdkYudk BuJjzef; ylaZmfMuonf/ (*) bk&m;qif;wkawmfa&SU? yef;tdk;? yef;qdkif;? yef;ckdifwdkYudk vSL'gef;ylaZmfMu\/ (C) eHomxif;? tcd;k ? eYomwditarT;txHwjYkdzihf ylaZmfMuuke\/ Y H k f k f (i) yoDcewfapmif;oHjzihf ylaZmfbdouJhokdY? taeuZmwif t&SifjrwfwdkY ygVdawmfwpf&yfNyD;wdkif;? a&Tzvm;aiGzvm;xJodkY a&TwHk;a&T cJ? aiGwHk;aiGcJ? aiG'*Fg;jym;rsm;udk (cRif)ueJ (cRif) ueJjrnfatmif ypfcs ylaZmfMuonf/ xdkwl&d,moHwdkYjzihf ylaZmfjcif;udk bk&m;wumbk&m;tr om;orD;wpfOD;OD;u jyKvkyfylaZmfMuonf/ tcsdKUu bk&m;wpfqlyGihfvQif a&S;bk&m;wdkY\ a&TcGufudk bk&m;avmif;t"d|mefvTwfvkdufaom a&TcGuf ESihfxdckdufrdaomtoHaMumihf umve*g;tdyfaysmf&mrS Edk;vm&aMumif;qdk &m? xdka&TcGufoHESihfwlatmif taeuZmwifaomtcg a&TcGufoHaiGcGuf oHay; ylaZmfMuaMumif;qdkavonf/ xdaemuf bk&m;wumbk&m;wumrwd\ qGr;f cJb,abmZOf Yk Yk G f wdukd &[ef;oHCmawmfwu a&S;OD;pGm bk&m;qGr;f awmfBu;D yGwifvLS ylaZmf Yk Ykd J Muonf/ bk&m;apwDBu;D ? kyym;awmfBu;D rsm;ylaZmfywum; twD;trIwf f G JG Ykd tutckef aysmfyGJ&TifyGJrsm;jzihf obifBuD;pGmcif; ylaZmfMuavonf/ taeuZmwif y gVd o wf r S w f c suf tif;0acwfaemufydkif;wGifum;? ,ciftaeuZmwifygVd (6) rsKd ;wGif yrq|ow[ O'gef;usL;awmfraom*gxmrsm;udk csevyxm; l f S f NyD;? (1) uaeuZmwd tpcsDO'gef;*gxmawmf/ (2) y#dporkym'f tEkvHk y#dvHkygVdawmf/ (3) ,'g[a0csDoHk;*gxmawmf/ (4) tbd"rmy|mef;

THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

16

"r0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/ jcif;vJr&Sd? ESajrmwGefYwdkwJhpdwf? wpfpHkwpfcktwGuf rausreyfjzpfaewJh pdwf? rdrd*kPfowif;BuD;rm;ausmfaZmvdkwJh pdwf? xifay:0Hh0gvdkwJhpdwf tp&SwhJ tukovpwawGeom a&SUaqmifaewwfMuygw,f/ tJ'tvSL d dk f d f YJ D 'ge ukokdvfaumif;rIjyKvkyfNyD;wJhaemuf ty&apwemjzpf&r,fh tcdkuf rSmvJyJ rdr'tvSLudk jyKrwm rSm;avjcif;? rdrrm pkaqmif;xm;wJh pnf;pdrf d D d d S OpmawG ukefcrf;oGm;&avjcif;pojzihf ESvHk;romr,mjzpfvmwwfyg w,f/ 'DukokdvfrsKd;uawmh a&SUrSma&m aemufrSmyg tukodkvfawG Nc&umyg0ifaewJtwGuf rsm;pGmrSyJ tm;r&Sygbl;? ,kwnatmufwef;us H H h d f hH wJh Moru ukodkvfomjzpfvm&ygw,f/ yifudku wd[dwfjzpf&if wd[dwf Moru-wd[dwfatmufwef;pm;ukodkvf? 'Gd[dwfjzpf&if 'Gd[dwfMoru 'Gd[dwfatmufwef;pm;ukokdvfjzpfygw,f/ tckazmfjywJh ukovf 4 rsK;d wdu ay;wJh tusK;d aMumifh y#doaE kd Yk vJyJ oH;k rsK;d oH;k pm;jzpfvm&ygw,f/ wd[wOu|ukovuaMumihf vljY ynf d f dk f H eJY ewfjynfajcmufxyfrSm r[m0dygufPor,kwfpdwf 4 yg;xJu wpfyg;yg;eJY y#doaEae&wJh wd[dwfyk*dKvfjzpf&ygw,f/ 'Dvdk wd[dwf yk*Kd vrsK;d jzpfrom y#doaEuyif todPfygvmoljzpfwtwGuf ynm f S hJ &Sd olawmfaumif; rdwaumif;aqGaumif;awGeYJ awGU&Ny;D w&m;"r yGm;rsm; f tm;xkwvYkd r*fzvuvJ &Ekiygw,f/ psmeftbdnmOfuvJ &Ekiygw,f/ f kd f kd d f kd d f 'gaMumihf wd[wOu|ukovjf zpfatmifvLS wwfrom tusK;d &Srmjzpfygw,f/ d f dk S dS aemufwpfrsKd;jzpfwJh wd[dwfMoru ukokdvfeJY 'Gd[dwf Ou| ukokdvfuHaMumihf vlYjynfeJY ewfjynfajcmufxyfrSm r[m0dygufP0dy ,kwf 4 yg;xJu wpfyg;yg;eJY y#doaEae&wJh 'Gd[dwf yk*dKvfjzpf&ygw,f/ 'Gd[dwfyk*dKvfqdkwmu y#doaEuwnf;u tod PfygrvmwJhtwGuf taeuZmwdoHom&H *gxmrsm;? (3) acguf&Gwf/ (2) y#dporkym'ftEk vHygVd&w/ (3) y#dporkym'fy#dvygVd&w/ (4) ,'g[a0y|r*gxm&Gw/ k G f kH G f f (5) ,'g[a0'kwd,*gxm&Gwf/ (6) ,'g[a0 wwd,*gxm&Gwf/ (7) y|mef;Oa'oygVdawmf&Gwf/ trG r f ; wif y gVd a wmf r sm; (1) ykAPSokwf ,Hudd0dwH 3-*gxm/ (2) r[mumkPdaum *gxmpup? ykAPSokwftqHk;txd&Gwf/ ]awtwv'gokcdwm}} aemufqHk;*gxmudk (3) Budrf&GwfqdkMu\/ tcsdKUaomt&yfwdkY? oaAowm oaAygPm tpcsDaom arwmydkYygVd/ tcsdKUaomt&yf arwmokwfudk &GwfMuao;\/ onf wdkYum; a&S;acwfup bk&m;taeuZmwifyHkwdkYyifjzpfonf/ tajctjrpf r &S d ajymqd k M uaompum;rsm; jyqdkcJhaompum;tpOfukdaxmufq? taeuZmwifjcif; um;? bk&m;kyym;awmftm; toufoi;f jcif;[kvnf;aumif;? taeuZm f G G rwifyJ bk&m;rud;k uG,&[kvnf;aumif;/ taeuZmwifaomtcg earm f wudk tptqH;k r&Gwq&[kvnf;aumif;? tajctjrpfr&Saom ax& f kd d 0g'ESifh qefusiaompum;wdukd y,fNy;D jzpfom;avNy[k rSw,oihMf uyg Y f Yk G D f l onf/ y&d a bm*apwD r sm; taeuZmwif j cif ; a&TxD;awmf? pdefzl;awmf? iSufjrwfem;awmf? rudk#fawmf? pvG,f awmf ponfwukd taeuZmwifjcif;wdonfum;? Ak'&iawmfjrwfb&m; Ykd Yk S f k \ toHk;taqmify&dabm*apwDwdkYudk taeuZmwifjcif;jzpf rsm;pGm oihfjrwfonfjzpfaMumif; rSwfom;&ygonf/ oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm)

aemuf a usmzk H ; rS w,f/ tvSLudptNyD;tqHk;odkY a&mufNyD;wJh vSL'gef;NyD;wJhaemuf rdrd vSLxm;wJh tvSL'geudk owd&wdkif; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om aemufqufwGJ jzpfvmorQ pdwf? apwemawGudkawmh ty&apwemvdkYac:ygw,f/ rvSLrDjzpfwhJ ykAapwemeJY vSLNy;D aemufrmjzpfwhJ ty&apwem S awGuvJ y#doaEtusKd;udkay;Ekdifygw,f/ yef;wpfyGihfudk vSLcJhvdkY Oykof wpfBudrfapmihfcJhvdkY b0aygif;rsm;pGm 'k*wdbHkb0rSm rjzpf&yJ edAmefwdkif atmif a&mufvm&w,fqwhJ taMumif;awGukd ax&max&D ty'gefrm kd S trsm;tjym;yJawGUMu&ygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk ok*wdbHkb0awGrSm tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGm jzpf&wm[m ykAapwem? ty&apwemwdkYu y#doaEtusKd;udkay;wJh twGuf aMumihfvJ yifjzpfEkdifygw,f/ 'gYtjyif tJ'DvSL'gef;ylaZmfrI? OykofoDwif; apmiho;kH rI pwJh ukovaumif;rIawGaMumihf ok*wdbb0rSm jzpfMu&wJh f kd f kH tcg tJ'D bHb0awGrm &SaeMuwJh ynm&Soawmfaumif;awGeYJ aygif;rdvYkd k S d d l aemufxyf ukokdvftqihfqihfyGm;rsm;cGihf&&SdMuwJhtwGufaMumihfvJyJ jzpfEkdifygw,f/ vSL'gef;wJae&mrSm apwemoH;k wefjy|mef;Ny;D vSLEdiMf uwJh 'Dvkd h k ukokdvfrsKd;[m a&SUrSma&m aemufrSma&m ukokdvfawG NcH&HNyD;yg&SdvmwJh twGuf tvGeftm;&SdwJh ukokdvfrsKd;jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumihfvJ jrifhjrwf txufwef;uswhJ Ou| jzpfvm&ygw,f/ e*du wd[wy*Kd vjf zpfae&if k d f k wd[dwfOu|? wd[dwftxufwef;pm;ukokdvf? 'Gd[dwfjzpf&if 'Gd[dwfOu |? 'Gd[dwftxufwef;pm;ukodkvfjzpfvmygw,f/ wpfcsKdUyk*dKvfawGu ykAapwemtcdkufrSm 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om Oa'oygVdawmf? ygVdawmfav;&yfudkom taeuZmwifygVdtjzpf owfrSwfylaZmfcJhMuukef\/ y#d p o rk y m 'f & G w f q d k e nf ; 0denf;r[m0gygVdawmf? (1) y#dporkym'f tEkvHky#dvHk? xdkYaemuf ],'g[a0} y|r*gxm/ (2) y#dporkym'f tEkvHky#dvHk/ xdkYaemuf ],'g[a0} 'kwd,*gxm/ (3) y#dporkym'f tEkvHky#dvHk/ xd k Y a emuf ],'g[a0} wwd , *gxm? od k Y y gVd a wmf t pOf t vm xm;&SdMuonf/ xdkwGif y#dporkym'f tEkvHky#dvHk oHk;Budrfudk tusOf;csKyf? y#dporkym'ftEkvy#dvkH wpfBurom&GwqyaZmfNy;D aemuf ],'g[a0} kH d f f kd l oHk;*gxmudk quf&GwfqdkylaZmfonf/ tpOfum; a&S;acwfup? ,ck q|oH*g,emacwfwdkifatmifjzpfonf/ O'gef ; ygVd a wmf (1) y#dporkym'ftEkvy#dv?kH xdaemuf ],'g[a0} y|r*gxm/ kH Yk (2) y#dporkym'f y#dvHk? xdkYaemuf ],'g[a0} 'kwd,*gxm/ (3) y#dp orkym'f tEkvHky#dvHk? xdkYaemuf ],'g[a0} wwd,*gxm odkY tpOf tvm&Sdavonf/ ,cktcg O'gef;ygVdawmfenf;jzihfvnf; taeuZmwifaeMu avNyD/ bmPuax&f tqufqufw\ enf;twdi;f ? taeuZmwif Ykd k ygVdawmftpOfESpfrsdK;wnf&Sdvmonf/ xdkESpfrsdK;teuf ESpfouf&menf; twdkif; &GwfzwfylaZmfMuukef&monf/ taeuZmwif y H k t pD t pOf a&S;OD;pGm earmw (3) Budrf &GwfqdkylaZmfNyD;aemuf? (1)

THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE
"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/ rdwaumif;aqGaumif;eJawGU&Ny;D w&m;yGm;rsm; tm;xkwayr,fh r*fzvukd f Y f kd f r&Ekdifyg/ psmeftbdnmOfudkvJ r&Edkifyg/ tajccHyg&rDukokdvfrQom jzpf E k d i f y gw,f / tif r wef a tmuf w ef ; usoG m ;w,f v d k Y u d k a jym&rS m jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'Dwd[dwfMoru ukokdvfeJY 'Gd [dwfOu|okdvf qdkwmu wu,fudk tm;udk;avmufwJh ukokdvfr[kwfyg/ tJ''[wMf oruukovuaMumihf txufewfjynfrm rjzpfEif D dG d dk f H S dk awmhyg/ vljY ynf vlavmurSm&SwhJ bkrp;kd ewfawGukd rScuyf&yfaexdiMf u Y d D kd k &wJh 0dedygwdu tok&mac:wJh ewfao;ewfrTm;ti,fpm;avmufom jzpfEiygw,f/ tJ'vjkd zpfvmwJtcgrSmvJ t[dwuov0dygwf Oayum dk f D h f k o[*kwf oED&PpdwfeJY y#doaEae&wJh ok*wdt[dwfyk*dKvfrsKd;omjzpf vm&ygw,f/ tJ'o*wdt[dwy*Kd vrsK;d [m y#doaEuwnf;u rsupuef; D k f k f f d ol? em;yif;ol? qGHUtol? vlpifrrDolpwJh 0rf;wGif;yg tuef;tt? tqGHU tyif;? ZpEyk*dKvfrsKd;awGjzpfvmwwfygw,f/ ajymjy&&ifawmh twdkif; xuftvGeftawmfhudk atmufwef;usoGm;wJh tjzpfrsKd;awGjzpfoGm;Mu &ygw,f/ 'gYaMumihf ukokdvfjyKwJhtcg 'Gd[dwfMoru ukodkvfrsKd;rjzpfMu &atmif txl;owdxm;Mu&rSmjzpfygw,f/ 'geqdkwm[m pGefYvTwfjcif;vuPm&Sdygw,f/ vSLzG,f&m 0wK wdkif;ay:rSm NidwG,faewwfwmudk zsufqD;ypfwJh udp&ovJ&Sdygw,f/ NidwG,fwm r&SdwJhoabmomxif[wfwJh tjcif;t&mvJ&Sdygw,f/ pGevwtyfwhJ ypn;f 0wKtay:rSm eD;pGmaomtaMumif;&Sygw,f/ 'gu Yf T f d 'geudk vuP? &o? ypKy|mef? y'|mefqdkwJh wdkif;qpdppfjcif;oabm eJY xif[wfNyD;azmfjywmjzpfygw,f/ pGevway;vSLjcif;qdwhJ 'ge oabmteufukd ESpyg;tpk? oH;k yg; Yf T f k f tpkponftm;jzihf ydkif;jcm;a0zefwmawGvJ&Sdygw,f/
Dana:- act of giving; donation. The act of giving may be categorised in 5 sets of contrasting pairs as:

17

3. (a) sainghika dana- donation made to the monastic order in general. (b) pugglika dana- donation made on a personal basis.

4/ (u) t*'ge pm;OD;pm;zsm; ay;vSLaom'ge ge(c) Op|'ge pm;<uif;pm;usefoHk;NyD;rsm;udk ay;vSLaom 'ge'ge[l (2)yg;/

4. (a) agga dana-giving the first fruits and the choicest portions of food before one pertakes of it. (b) ucchittha dana-giving of one's leaving after a meal .. or cast-off things.

5/ (u) oup'ge dkdkaoao ay;vSLaom 'ge/ ge(c) toup'ge- rdkraoay;vSLaom 'ge[l(2)yg;/ ge onfwdkYum; (2)yg;pktm;jzihf 'gersm;jzpfMuonf/
5 . (a) sakkacca dana-giving a respectful manner. (b) asakkacca dana- giving disrespectfully.

xdk'geonf oHk;yg;tpktm;jzihf
It dana have viewed in set of three levels from 2 aspects.

It dana have categroised in 2 groups of contreasting pairs as:-

xdk'geonf ESpfyg;tpktm;jzihf-

1.(a) hina dana- the inferior kind of giving for the sake of appearances only and thus lacking in nobility of purpose, perspicacy or earnestness, (b) majjhima dana-the midding kind of giving with the expectation of material gain. (c) panita dana- the superlative kind made with the . -na. aim of attaining nibba

1/ (u) [De'ge yumoevdkvm;NyD; pdwf? qE? 0D&d,? ynm? 'ge,kwfavsmhpGmjyKvkyfaom 'ge/ (c) rZdr'ge pdwf? qEponf tv,ftvwfjzpfvsuf 'geavmuDpnf;pdrf csrf;omavmufudkom &nfrSef;jyKvkyfaom 'ge/ 'ge-pd (*) yPDw'ge wf? qEponf xufjrufNyD; edAmefudk &nfrSef; ay;vSLaom 'ge[l (3)yg;/

1/ (u) 0eddw'ge vlewfpnf;pdrf csrf;omrQudk awmifh 'ge= w jyKvkyfaom 'ge/

2/ (u) 'ge'go uReuay;auR;ovdk ,kwnpmay;vSLaom 'ge'go- f kd f hH G 'ge/

(c) 'geo[m, rdwfaqGudk ay;auR;ovdkESihf rdrdESihf 'geo[m,wef;wl ay;vSLaom'ge/ (c) 0d0eddw'g 0wfqif;&JrS uif;vGwf&m edAmefudk 'ge(*) 'geomr- t&Sifocifudk ay;auR;ovdk rGefrGefjrwfjrwf 'geomrd awmihfw jyKvkyfaom'ge[l (2)yg;/ ay;vSLaom'ge [l (3)yg;/ onfwdkYum; (3)yg; pktm;jzihf 'gersm; (b) vivattanissita dana- giving with the aim of libera- jzpfMuonf/ .. tion from the endless round of rebirths and achieving nibbana.

1. (a) vattanissita dana- giving with the aim of enjoying .. the worldly pleasures of a human being or god.

2/ (u) tmrdo'ge 0wKypKypnf;rsm; ay;vSLaom'ge/ to a slave; 'ge(c) "r ' ge w&m;aypmtvS L ? w&m;a[mjcif ; ? ge(b) dana sahaya-giving in the manner of giving to a w&m;emjcif;? w&m;tm;xkwfjcif;? w&m;aypmoif,lydkYcsjcif;'ge[l friend or one's equal; (c) dana sami - giving deferentially in the manner of (2)yg;/
2. (a) amisa dana- donation of material requisites such as food, clothing etc, (b) dhamma dana- donation of doctrinal sustenance such as religious literature, giving or participation in lectures on religious learning, leading a devout life in keeping with the tenets of Buddhis etc; making an offering to one's lord and master.

2. (a) dana dasa- giving in the manner of throwing scraps

oHo&mwpfzufurf;udk ul;ajrmufaMumif; jznhqnf;tyfaom f tusihfudk yg&rDvdkYac:ygw,f/ yg&rDtusihfjrwfrSm (10) yg;&Sdygw,f/ tJ'Dyg&rDtusihfjrwf (10)yg;rSm 'geyg&rDudk atmufygtwdkif; a&S;OD;pGm azmfjyygw,f/

3/ (u) oHCdu'ge oHCmtm;ay;vSLaom'ge/ 'ge(c) yk*vdu 'ge- yk*dKvftm; ay;vSLaom'ge[l (2)yg;/

parami- practice towards crossing the ocean of recurrent rebirths; perfection of virtue, composed of the following ten aspects:-

THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

18
(1) 'ge -ay;urf;pGefYBuJjcif;/
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. dana-giving;

"r0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ pmrsuf E S m 13 rS taMumif ; jyK? tuk o v? "r n pf q k d ; ? tjypf r sKd ; uk d ? BuKd ; BuKd ; yrf ; yrf ; ? aeY p Of w rf ; onf ? yg,f v rf ; AD Z ? tyk n ES i h f ? b0aemif c g? oH o &m0,f ? vl Y & G m ewf j irf ; ? pnf ; pd r f o G r f ; uk d ? csrf ; omtwd ? txif N id v suf ? uwd a emif u k d ? aumif ; apvk d [ k ? uk o d k v f t k d ; ? trsKd ; rsKd ; uk d ? BuKd ; BuKd ; pm;pm;? jyKwk H j im;u? q,f y g;yk n ? te [ k ? b0ES D ; &if ; ? yG m ;wk H v Qif ; onf ? 0#f c if ; 0#f E G , f & S n f o wnf ; ..}} if;vuFm&SnBf u;D \qkv&if;t"dym,frm rdrwu,usK;d twGuf d dk S d Ykd kd f aumif;rI? raumif;rI awGukd jyKvkyfMu\/ *wdaemifukd aumif;apvkd ukodkvfaumif;rIawGjyKvkyfMujcif;ukd trsm; tm;jzifh ocFg&[k rxifMu/ pifppf ,if;ukovaumif;rIjyKjcif;onf ]]yknmbdocFg&}} yifjzpf\/ rodrI kd f em;rvnf r I t0d Z m aMumif h uk o d k v f u k d ud k , f u sKd ; twG u f tok H ; csMujcif ; jzpf \ / bk & m;a[m "r u m; rsuf E S m rvk d u f y gacs/ ukd,fusKd;ukd arQmfvQif ukokdvfaomfvnf; ]]t0dZm yp,m ocFg&}} yifjzpf\/ tkdrif;olwkdYonf ,if;ocFg&edrdwfwdkYukd tmkHpkdufwwfMu\/ tcsKdUaomtmkHwkdYukd ESpfoufMurnfjzpfonf/ xkdtcg avmbjzpfrnf/ tcsKd U aomtmk H r sm;uk d r l rES p f o uf / xk d t cg a'gojzpf r nf / tcsKd U tcsKd U wk d Y a om tmk H r sm;wG i f r l awG a 0aernf / xk d t cg arm[jzpfrnf/ okdYvQif xkdvltkdwkdY\pdwf0,f avmb? a'go? arm[ w&m;wkYd xkuonftm;avsmpm jzpfaeMuygvQif tb,frmcsr;f omokc d f h f G S jzpfEkdifMuygrnfenf;/ xkdvltkdwdkYukd t,kt,? taz;trwkdYjzifh jyKpk a pmif h a &S m uf a y;aeMu a&T b k H a y:rS m pH a eMu&vif h u pm; csrf;omokc&&SdMuvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/ xkdolwkdY csrf;ompGmaeenf;ukd jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf odkYvQif qufvufa[mMum;awmfrlonf/ ]]tmeE m ? xk d Y a Mumif h oif w k d Y o nf rd r d u k d , f u k d o m rS D c d k & mjyK rd r d r S w pf y g; uk d ; uG , f & mr&S d b J rd r d o mvQif ukd;uG,f&m&Sdonfjzpf aeukefavmh/ xkdonfhaemuf w&m;ukdom rS D c k d & mjyK w&m;rS w yg; uk d ; uG , f & mr&S d b J w&m;omvQif uk d ; uG , f & m&S d o nf j zpf aeuk e f a vmh . .}} Ak ' \ vrf ; T e f a wmf r l c suf o nf od M um;? ewf ? jA[ m ? zefqif;&Sifwefcdk;&Sif ponfwkdYukd rSDckdtm;ukd;aom 0g'r[kwfbJ ukd,fhajcaxmufay: ukd,f&yfaomvrf;pOfomjzpfonf/ ukd,fhudk,f ukd tm;uk d ; jcif ; rS m w&m;uk d t m;uk d ; jcif ; yif j zpf o nf / w&m;uk d tm;ukd;jcif;rSmvnf; ukd,fhukd,fukd tm;ukd;jcif;jzpfonf/ ]]tmeE m ? &[ef ; onf jyif ; pG m tm;xk w f v suf ? qifjcifvsuf? owd&Sdvsuf? kyfukd,f kyfukd,f[k tzefzefIvsuf cH p m;rI a 0'em cH p m;rI [ k tzef z ef I v suf pd w f pd w f [ k tzef z ef I vsuf ? oabmw&m;wd k Y oabmw&m;[k tzef z ef I v suf avmu vk d c sif w yf r uf j cif ; ES i h f ES v k H ; rom,mjcif ; uk d y,f a zsmuf ae\/ tmeE m od k Y a evQif &[ef;onf rdrdukd,fukdom rSDckd&mjyK rdrdrSwyg; ukd;uG,f&mr&Sd? rd r d o nf o mvQif uk d ; uG , f & m&S d o nf j zpf aeonf r nf \ / w&m;uk d o m rS D c k d & mjyK w&m;rS w pf y g; uk d ; uG , f & mr&S d b J w&m;omvQif ud k ; uG , f & m&S d o nf j zpf aeonf r nf \ }} wGif rSwfom;vkdufem&efrSm ]]vkdcsifwyfrufjcif;ESihf

(2) oDv- udk,fusihfoDvapmihfxdef;jcif;/

s1-la- conduct;

(3) edur-awmxGufjcif;/
nikkhama- taking to the forest;
~pann a- perception; ~
v1riya-diligence;

(4) ynm ynm-ynmqnf;yl;jcif;/ (5) 0D&d,-BudK;pm;jcif;/ (6) cED-onf;cHjcif;/

khanti-patience; sacca-truthfulness; adhitt.hana- resolution; .

(7) opm-rSefuefjcif;/

(8) t"d|me JNrJaqmufwnfjcif;/ me-pG (9) arwm -cspfcifoem;jcif;/

metta-loving kindness;

(10)Oayum-vspfvsLjyKjcif;[l (10)yg;&Sdygonf/ Oayu

10. Upekkha-detachment.

]]tEH ygeHC&H 0wH? ,meH rmvH 0davyeH? *aE m aoa,sm? y'D a ygp? '0w K ? aumif ; rI o nf tvS L uH a uR;? ay;&jcif ; onf wpfyg;rnf\/}} vdkY rHka&G;aZw0efq&mawmfu 'ger*Fvm&JU oabm /}} teufudk zGihfqdk&Sif;jyygw,f/ ]]xrif;? tazsmf? tdrf? t0wf? ,mOf? yef;? eHYomaysmif;? eHYom? tdy&m? ae&m? qDr;D qdwhJ tvSL0wK(10)ckukd aumif;rIqwhJ tvSLuHauR; f k kd csay;jcif;? aemifoHo&mtusKd;twGuf &nf&G,fay;vSLjcif;[m 'ge r*Fvmrnfw,f&,fvkdY qdkygw,f/ ay;urf;jcif;onf vlwdkYjynf0,f? cspfMunfapvdk? rsufcspfoQdKwnhf? o'gra&S;? ray;rvSL? rkef;aq;[l\? ay;vSLwwfaomf? cspaq;ausmwnf;? vlabmf|me? avmu pdwu f f Y f MunfpGm? apwemESihf? o'g0rf;wGif;? ay;urf;jcif;um;? &jcif;xufom? 0rf;ajrmufpmonf? r*FvmvGejf rwf? jzpfowwf&ivYkd rCa'0vuFmopf G S fh rSm refvnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;qdkrdefYawmfrlygw,f/ b,f E d k i f i H b,f w d k i f ; jynf r S m rqd k tpm;qif ; &J j cif ; 'k u ? taeqif;&Jjcif;'ku? t0wftpm;qif;qif;&J&J 0wfpm;Mu&wJh 'kuqkdwJh vlr'utaygif;wdrS tvH;k pHuif;Nir;f csr;f omEkiMf uygrS Nir;f csr;f om,m I k Yk k d d d zGUH NzKd ;aom Ekiiawmfukd wnfaqmufEiMf urSmjzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh ulnD d f H kd vSL'gef;ay;urf;axmufyHhMujcif;[m EkdifiHwpfckwnfaqmufwJhae&mrSm tvGeta&;yg t&ma&mufwhJ r*FvmvkyaqmifrBI u;D wpf&yfjzpfygw,f/ f f
In any country there can be peace only if there are no poor people. Dama is, indeed, rery important in the building of a country. How important is dana to the people of those days. Indeed, any gift or donation given for the welfare of the country is dane mangala, an act of charity. Charity beings at love.

]]rcspf r vS L cspf v Qif vS L Mu 'getp cspf j cif ; u...}} "r 0 D & -oE m atmif tjynf j ynf q k d i f & m ax&0g'Ak ' o moemjyKwu o d k v f ? &ef u k e f N rd K U/

PODIUM DHAMMA
"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ ESvkH;rom,mjcif;ukdy,fazsmuf ae&ef jzpf\/ tcsKdUaomtmkHukd vk d c sif w yf r uf \ / BuKd u f E S p f o uf \ / tcsKd U aomtmk H r S m rl ESvkH;romr,mjzpf\/ rBuKdufrESpfoufjzpf\/ okdYjzpfygu BuKdufonfrSm avmbjzpf\/ rBuKdufonfrSm a'gojzpf \ / avmb? 'grS r [k w f a'gojzpf a evQif tb,f r S m csrf;omokc&ygrnfenf;/ okdYqkdvQif avmb? a'gorjzpfap&ef rnfokdY ae&ygrnfenf;/ jrwf p G m bk & m;a[mMum;awmf r l o nf h t wd k i f ; k y f u k d , f kyfukd,f[k IMunhfqifjcifae&ygrnf/ kyfukd,fukd vkdcsifwyfrufjcif; rjzpfygapESihf? ESvkH;romr,mjcif;vnf; rjzpfygapESifh/ okdYae ygvQif kyfukd,fESifhyufouf tb,frSmjyem&Sdygawmhrnfenf;/ tvm;wl a0'emvnf ; cH p m;rI [ l om od z k d Y v d k o nf / ,if;a0'emukd wyfrufjcif;? ESvkH;rom,mjcif;rjzpfvQif csrf;om rnfomjzpfonf/ pdwfESifhoabmw&m;wdkYukdvnf; olYtwkdif; wkdif;om I j rif qif j cif w wf a tmif avh u sif h a y;zk d Y v k d r nf j zpf o nf / rd r d \ tvk d p k d u f B uKd u f r BuKd u f aemuf r vk d u f r d a p&ef t"d u jzpf o nf / vkdufaeygu trSefyifavmb okdYr[kwf a'gojzpfaeayrnf/ ]]tqif ; tmk H ? jrif & wk H v nf ; jrif k H j rif c k d u f ? jrif a vvk d u f toH t mk H ? Mum;&wk H v nf ; Mum;k H M um;ck d u f ? Mum;avvk d u f teH Y t mk H ? eH & wk H v nf ; eH k H e H c k d u f ? eH a vvk d u f &omtmk H ? pm;&wk H v nf ; pm;k H p m;ck d u f ? pm;avvk d u f tawG U tmk H ? awG U &wk H v nf ; awG U k H a wG U ck d u f ? awG U avvk d u f w&m;tmk H ? awG ; &wk H v nf ; awG ; k H a wG ; ck d u f ? awG ; avvk d u f BuKd u f - rBuKd u f 0 ,f ? rcif w G , f v Qif tb,f j yem&S d r nf e nf ; / tmkHajcmufrsKd;pvkH;rSm BuKduf-rBuKdufudk y,fazsmufNyD;ae wwf y gvQif uk d , f h u k d , f u k d o m rS D c k d & mjyKaeonf r nf a vonf / rdrdukd,frSwpfyg; ukd;uG,f&mr&SdyJaeonfrnf\/ ,if;odkYaejcif; ukdyif w&m;ukdom rSDckd&mjyKaeonfrnf\/ w&m;rSwpfyg; udk;uG,f&mr&SdbJ aeonfrnf\/ xk d o k d Y a ewwf y gvQif xk d t cg0,f cE m uk d , f o nf omvG e f csrf ; omvsuf Z&mok c wnf ; [l a om tk d u mrS o m csrf;omonfh r&Poeif; &Sifaorif;ESihfa0;&m aumif;jrwfaom wpfenf;tm;jzifh ocFg&edrdwfrSeforQwkdYrS vkH;0uif;qdwfaeaom oEdokc"mwfudef; csrf;omaeNyDjzpfavonf/ ]]t0dZmeda&ma"m- ocFg&eda&m"m"rm}} q&mBuD;OD;aomfZif\ okwvDrS Z&mukd ukd;um;a&;zGJUygonf/ [H o m0wD - OD ; tk e f ; BuKd i f

19

pmrsuf E S m 11 rS upm,evkvifonf igYudk odkYaum&Asrif;\ uRefavm? aqGrsKd;avm[kar;jref;aeacsNyD/ igonf aum&Asrif;\ taqGawmfrsKd; awmf[kvnf;aumif;? tvGefjrwfaomol[kvnf;aumif;? bmrQrawmf pyf[vnf;aumif;? xdupm,evkvifukd rkom;pum;jzihf ,HMk unforwf k k d S apjcif;iSm pGrf;Ekdifyg\/ xdkodkYpGrf;Ekdifaomfvnf; avmu opmESihf wlaom rSDcdktm;xm;&mw&m;r&Sdacs/ rSefaomopmpum;udkom qdkjcif; iSmoihf\[k BuHpnfqifjcifavonf/ rmP0 ae0g[H &anmwd ? eOw & d wa&m pwk E H y e/ 'gomeH tnwa&mwd ? 'awH k *gxm'G , rm[/ (Zm? |? ow r -185) xdkodkYqifjcifqHk;jzwfNyD; ]tdk..vkvifigonf aum&Asrif;\ aqGrsKd;r[kwfyg/ rif;xufvGefjrwfaom olvnf;r[kwfyg/ uRefav;rsKd; wdkYwGif wpfyg;tygt0ifjzpfaom rdrdbmom vpm&dum,l cpm;aom uRefomvQifjzpfonf[k &J0hHpGmqkdavonf/ odkYvQif bk&m;tavmif; 0d"k&trwfynm&Sdonf rkom0g'udk a&Smif opmw&m;udkaqmifawmf rlavonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;tavmif;awmfonf uJhodkY rkom;pum; roHk; cJh[kqkdygaomfvnf; ae&m cRif;csufrSwfzG,ftjzpf Zmwu t| uxm? yrZmwf? |m-460vm? r[mukPmvZmwfudk azmfjyvdkyg\/ bk&m;tavmif;awmfonf b0toacsF? urmtoacsFrsm;pGm wd wpf&wpfcg wpfb0rkom0g'udk qkcz;l onf[qygonf/ r[muk Yk H d hJ k kd PmvZmwf opuygyDtrnf&Sdaom t0wfjzL0wfy&dAdkZfrudk zsufqD; pOfu rkom;pum; oHk;pGJcJhzl;aMumif;jzihf azmfjyyg t|uxmwGif jyqdk onf/ vnf; urmtoacsF b0toacsFrS wpfb0wpfcg wpfBudrf om rkom;pum;oHk;cJhonf[k qkdygaMumif;rSwfom;&ayonf/ tavmif;awmfjrwfBuD;rsm;aomfrS b0taoacsF? urmteE wdkY uJhodkY wpf&Hwpfcg rkom;pum;ajymrSm;cJhao;onfqdkygu uREfkyf wduoaom ykxZOftEwtzd?Yk ,if;rkom0g'uHukd rnfoapmihxe;f Edif Yk hJ Ykd k Ykd Ykd f d k MuygtHhenf;/ twwfEkdifqHk;awmh BudK;pm; xdef;odrf;Mu&rnfomjzpfyg onf/ ]]ow0gtaygif; oljrwfavmif;wdkY ig;yg;oDv pGJNrJpGmapmihf xdef;awmfrlEkdifMuygap}} Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf &J&ifhwnfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh b0ukd &ifqkdifvsuf atmifjrifpGmjzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY "r0D&*sme,f zwfMupkdU

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

20

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

v,fwDq&ma

The Ledi Dham

D d v,fweAmefw

a&;om;jyKp

MAHA THERA L
(edAme'DyeD)
(,cif t ywf r S t quf )
Oyrm/ / Oyrmum; wpfa,mufaomolonf terw*oHo&mwGif wpfem&D? wpfcPrQ oufom&mr&aom ElemBuD;? yef;emBuD;pGJ ter w* b0urmywfvHk;? wvl;vJvJ wnnf;nLnLESihfom ae&&m\/ xdk ElemBu;D ? yef;emBu;D tuketpif aysmufNir;f vQivnf; cEmud,vnf; f d f k f tNyD;uG,faysmufawmhrnf/ aemufudk wpfpHkwpf&mrQ jzpf&awmhrnf r[kwf? {uEOpdEjzpf uG,fqHk;avawmhrnf[l&m\/ 1/ olrSm ElemBuD;? yef;emBuD; rjywfrpJtNrJESdyfpufrIESihf &uf&Snf? v&Snf? ESpf&Snf? b0&Snf? urm&Snfwnf aerI (1) yg;/ 2/ ElemBu;D ? yef;emBu;D csKyNf ir;f vQif csKyNf ir;f onfEiwpfNyKd ieuf d d S hf f tNyD;jywfawmuf uG,faysmuf OpdEjzpf oGm;rI (1) yg;/ ar;/ / (2) yg;wGif xdkolrSm tb,ftrIonf okc jzpfrnfenf;/ tb,ftrIonf 'kuj zpfrnfenf;/ xdoonf tb,ftrI k l udk &vdvrrnfenf;/ tb,ftrIukd pGevvrrnfenf;/ tb,ftrIukd k d hf Yf kd d hf txGwftjrwfjyK csD;rGrf;tyfownf;/ ajz/ / OpdEjzpf wpfpHkwpfckaom 'kurnfonf t>rufavoHrQ r&Sd? cHpm;rI? pHpm;rI[lvnf; t>rufavoHrQr&Sd? ylyef yifyef;rI cyfodrf;vnf;r&Sd/ cHpm;rI? pHpm;rI cyfodrf;vnf;r&Sd? xdkYaMumihf xdka&m*gBuD;onf OpdEtjzpfudkom txGwftjrwf csD;rGrf;tyfownf;/ (Oyrm) y#d o r d ' gr*f / / y#d o r d ' gr*f y gVd a wmf ]]y u a E ted p a wm? 'k u a wm/ v/ oH u d a vod u "r a wm}} [l vnf ; a[mawmf r l t yf a om (40) twd k i f ; t&S n f & S d a om tBuD ; tus,f aMumufzG,f? vefYzG,fjzpfaom tjypfa'go tm'De0wdkYonf &Sdukef\/ vlYb0? ewfb0? jA[mhb0[k qdktyfaom xdkcEm 5 yg;wdkYonf xdktjypfa'go tm'De0wdkYESihfjynhfpHk ukef\/ xdkElemBuD;? yef;emBuD;ESihf ae&aomolrSm tema&m*g 'kuwpfrsdK; rQom cHpm;&onf/ oHo&m usifvnfarsmyg aeMu&aomcEm (5) yg; w&m;&SifwdkYrSmrlum; tedprIaMumihf vlYb0wGif tNrJaecGihfr&? ewf b0wGif tNrJaecGifhr&/ jA[mhb0wGif tNrJaecGihfr&? tyg,fi&JodkY tzefwvJvJ usa&muf &av\/ toufwpfSLrQ oufom&mr&bJ rD;i&J tESpfwpfodef;

(Nibbana Di pan

(Continue from last week) Example A man is suffering from leprosy and asthma and always suffering incessantly without a break for relief even for an hour or even for a moment in the incalculable round of rebirths impatiently groaning. If those leprosy and asthma are completly cured, that body will also disappear forever; there will be no more becoming anything and indeed it will cut out and disappear. 1. This man with the incessant torture of leprosy and asthma living for long days, months, years, rebirths in world cycles. 2. With the cessation-appeasement of leprosy and sathma, the complete disappearance and cut for ever. Q. Ofthese two, which will be happiness for him? Which will be suffering? Which will he wish to get? Which will he wish to abandom? Which is to be praised as the noble thing? A. In the disappearance and cut out (ucchinna), there is not even any trace of suffering; there is neither even any suffering nor enjoyment too; there is neither worry nor tiredness altogether; not at all suffering nor enjoyment too. Therefore the disappear1 ance and cut out (ucchinna) of leprosy and asthma are the only refuge for happiness. He will wish for only disappearance and cut 1 1 out (ucchinna); for him only those disappearance and cut out (ucchinna) are to be praised as the noble thing. [example] In patisambhidamagga pali As being stated: "paneakkhande aniccato . dukkhatao....pa....samki-lesikadhammato," there are 40 fearful de-dinava). Those five constituent groups of existence, which fects2 (a are the rebirths of human beings, devas and brahmas are full of those fearful defects. The man who is living with those leprosy and asthma has to suffer from disease only. Whereas the owners of the five constituent groups of existence, who are wandering in . the round of rebirths, samsara, being impermanent, cannot live for evers as a human being, neither as a deva, nor as a brahma, but have to fall into the apayaniraya hell again and again; they never

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

"r0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

awmfbk&m;BuD;

usrf;jyKtausmf urmausmf

w&m;awmfrsm;

awmf pawmfrlaom

ma on Nibba na
i = The Manual of Nibbana)
ponf t zef z ef cH p m;&av\/ i&J r D ; rS m wpf e m&D a e&onf x uf ElemBuD;ESifh vlYabmifrSm tESpfwpf&mae&jcif;onf aumif;jrwfao;\/ awrdZmwf igwdb&m;avmif;onf Am&mPoDjynfrm tESpf Yk k S (20) rQ rif;vkyfcJhonhftwGuf O'i&JrSm tESpf 8 aomif;cH&onf[k vm\/ olol? igig ow0gwdkYrSm qdkzG,f&mr&Sd? odkYjzpf&jcif;onf tedptwGufaywnf;/ odkYvQif xdk (40) aom tjypfa'go tm'De0wdkYwGif tedp twGuf wpfckESifhyif xdkvl? ewf? jA[mcEm (5) yg;onf tvGefaMumuf rufzG,faumif;avpG/ xdkodkY tBuD;tus,f aMumufrufzG,fjzpfaom xdcEm (5) yg;wd\ csKyNf ir;f jcif;Zmwfor;f jcif;trI[aom r[mtocFw k Yk d d l edAmefBuD;rnfonf b,f[mwpfckrQcsD;rGrf;p&mr&Sdaom tbm0rwm rQomjzpfonf[k rIHUcsxkduf? tcsnf;tESD;omjzpfonf[k rIHUcsxkduf? xdkcsKyfNidrf;rI Zmwfodrf;rIonf usrf;*efwdkYvmaom *rD&? 'k'o? 'l&Ek aAm" oE yPDw? y&rokc tp&Sdaom edAmef\ *kPfaus;Zl;wdkYESihf rxdkufrwef[k rIHUcsxdkuf/ terw*oHo&m0,f tMuifrQavmuf cEm (5) yg;\ tjypf a'go tm'De0wdkYonf BuD;us,fukef\/ xdkrQavmuf csKyfNidrf;rI\ *kPf usufoa&wdkYonf BuD;us,fukef\/ tMuifrQavmuf cEm (5) yg;wdkY\ 'kue,fonf BuD;us,f\/ xdkrQavmuf xdkcsKyfNidrf;rI\ okce,fonf BuD;us,f\/ (um; cH p m;rI ? pH p m;rI r &S d a om oE d o abm\ y&rok c trS e f j zpf a Mumif ; ud k xif & S m ;od o mapjcif ; iS m bm0em (40) ES i h f pyf z uf jyqd k v k d u f a om tcef ; wnf ; /) wG i f a &G U um; y&rok c oabmNyD ; \/ wG i f 0d w m &u@NyD ; \/
find any relief even for a breath but have to suffer in the fires of hell again for one lakh years, etc., living with leprosy in human abode for one hundred years is better than living in the fires of hell for one hour. In the Temiya jataka story, as our Buddha-to-be ruled -- the country, the city of Baranas1 for twenty years had to suffer in the ussada niraya hell for 80,000 years. Not to mention about the common beings. Why is it so? Because of anicca impermanence. - Hence, of those 40 fearful defects1, (1. defects= ad1 nava),even with regard to impermanence, anicca, only, those five constituent groups of existence of human beings, of devas and - . of brahmas are much more fearful. The mahaasnikhata-nibbana, the cessation or the end of those five much more fearful constituent groups of existence should not be debased as non-existence, mere nothingness, abhavamatta, which is not to be praised; it should not be debased as vain. It should not be debased as if not deserving the qualities namely, deepness, hard to know, peace, noble, noble happiness (gamb1hra duddasa duranubodha, santa, pan1ta, paramasukha) as stated in the text. . . In the endless round of rebirths, anamatagga samsara, so great are the defects of the five constituent groups of existence; so great are the glories of the cessation appeasement. So great is the domain of dukkha suffering; so great is the domanin of that cessation appeasement happiness. [This is the chapter showing the exposition with regard - to 40 developments (bhavana) to understand clearly the sense of appeasement, santi is the noble happiness, parama sukha, neither suffering nor enjoyment.] Here ends the sense of noble happiness. Here ends vitharakanda, detail chapter. -nagantha nanavada visodhanakanda. - - Na .. The Chapter on different books, different views and emending Different views on itivuttaka pali . Now the third chapter on different books, different views

by

LEDI SAYADAW

emem*E emem0g'0d a om"eu@

wd 0 k w f y gVd a wmf t &- emem0g'jyqd k y H k ,cktcg emem*E emem0g' 0daom"e u@[laom wwd, u@udk jyqdktHh/ / tMuifygVdawmfwdkY q&mwdkYonf txl;xl; taxGaxG ,lMuajymqdka&;om;Muukef\/ xdk ygVdawmfwdkYudk xkwfjy

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

22

"r0D&onf oEdokcodkY a&S;Ijy|mef;onf/

and em ending will be shown. On some pali, the teachers have . different views and have written their own views. Those pali will . be produced here and their views will also be shown; and our view will also be shown; you may take whichever you like. dvema bhikkhave nibbanadhatuyo, katamadve, saupa disesa ca nibbanadhatu, anupadisesa ca nibbanadhatu. - idha bhikkhave bhikkhu araham hoti khi1nasavo, tassa . ~ tit thanteva pancindriya ni, yesam avighatatta manapampi .. -pampi paccanubhoti, manapamanapampi paccanubhoti, amana paccanubhoti, tassa yo ragakkhayo, dosakkhayo mohakkhayo, . ayam vuccati bhikkhave saupadisesa nibbana dhatu. katama ca bhikkhave anupadisesa nibbanadhatu. - idha bhikkhave bhikkhu araham hoti kh1nasavo tassa idheva . sabbavedayitani siti bhavissanti ayam vuccati bhikkhave anupa -nadhatu. disesa nibba - - - dve ima cakkhumata pakasita nibbanadhatu anissitena tadina, eka . -tu idha ditthadhammika saupadisesa bhavanettisankhaya, hi dha - anupadisesa samparayika yamhi nirujjhanti bhavani sabbaso. -li, produced leaving inessential words] [Itivuttaka pa - (a) yo ragakkhayoti ragassa khayo khinakaro, abhavo, accanta-do. manuppa (b) s1ti bhavissantiti accantarupasamena sankhara daratha pati. - passaddhiya s1tali bhavissanti, appati-sandhikanirodhena niru. jjhissantiti attho. - (c) dit.thadhammikati imasmin attabhave bhava vattamana. . (d) sampar1yikati samparaye khandhabhedato parabhage bhava -na. vattama [The essential words of the commentary] View of some teachers With reference to the passage from the pal.i: "ekahi dha - saupadisesa, anupadisesa samparayika" - tu idha dit t ha dhammika .. - and the commentary: "yo ragakkhayoti ragassa khayo, kh1nakaro, -vo, accantama-nuppado, ditthadhammikati imasamin attabha abha - - ve bhava vattamana samparayikati samparaye khandhabhedato -ge bhava vattamana," the two nibbanas which come from - parabha . this pal.i text are the unconditioned, the asankhata dhamma only ~~ two abhavapannatti, the concept the nothingness only. No more ~~ appearing of the defilements, abha vapannatti, is called -na; no more appearing of the five constituent saupadisesa nibba ~~ groups of existence, abhavapannatti, is called anupadisesa nibba na. They are not the two asankhata nibbanas, nirodhasacca , the noble truth of cessation of suffering, as mentioned in the . abhidhammattha-sangaha. As that asankhata nibbana, the ulti-, the noble truth of cessation of suffering, is mate, nirodhasacca the only dhamma existing forever, it should not be called - "ditthadhammika" or "samarayika". As it is bhava dhamma, prominent in ultimate sense, it should not be called, too,, "ragassa khayo khinakaro abhavo". [This is the view of some teachers on that pali.]

q&mwdkY,lMuyHkudkvnf; jyqdktHh/ igwdkY ,lyHkudkvnf; jyqdktHh? ESpfouf&m ,lMuavukef/ a'Grm bdua0 edAme"mwka,m? uwrm a'G? oOyg'daoom p edAme "mwk? tEkyg'daomom p edAme"mwk/ " bdua0 bduK t&[H a[mwd cDPoa0g? wwd|aE 0 y`Ed,med? a,oH t0dCmwwm remyrd ypEkabmwd? tremyrd ypEabmwd? remygremyrd ypEabmwd? w a,m&m*ua,m a'go k k ua,m arm[ua,m? t,H 0kpwd bdua0 oOygaoom edAme "mwk/ uwrmp bdua0 tEkyg'daoom edAme"mwk/ " bdua0 bduK t&[H a[mwd cdPoa0g? w a"0 oAa0',dwmed oDwDb0dEd? t,H 0kpwd bdua0 tEkyg'daoom edAme"mwk/ a'G rm puKrwm yumodwm edAme"mwk- teddawe wm'dem? {um [d "mwk " 'd|"rdum oOyg'daoom b0aewd ocF ,m? tEkyg'daoom or&m,dum ,rSD edkZEd b0ged oAaom/ (vdk&if;r[kwfaom yk'fudkcs xkwfjytyfaom wd0kwfygVd awmf/) (u) a,m &m*ua,mwd &m* ca,m? cDPmuma&m? tbma0g? tpErEkyga'g/ (c) oDwD b0dEdwd tpE0lyoare ocFg& '&x y#dy 'd,m oDwvD b0dEd? ty#doEdueda&ma"e edkZED wd tawm/ (*) 'd|d"rdumwd rod H twbma0 b0g 0wrmem/ (C) or&m,dumwd or&ma, cEab'awm y&bma* b0g0wrme/ (if ; t|uxm vd k & if ; ygXf p k / ) tcsd K Uq&mwd k Y t ,l / / ygVdawmf tcsdKUaomq&mwdkYonf ]]{u[d "mwk "'d|"rdum oOyg'daoom? tEkyg'daoom or&m,dum}} [laom ygVdawmfyk'frsm;udk axmufvnf;aumif;/ ]]a,m &m*ua,mwd &m* ca,m? cDPmuma&m? tbm a0g? tpErEkyga'g/ / 'd|"rdumwd rod H twbma0 b0g 0wrm em/ / or&m,dumwd or&ma, cEab'awm y&bma* b0g 0wrmem}} [laom t|uxmygXfrsm;udk axmufvnf;aumif;/ ygVdawmfrSm vmaom edAmef (2) yg;um; tocFwjzpfaom tbm0ynwf (2) yg;omwnf;/ udavomwdkY\ wpfzef rjzpfjcif;[l aom tbm0ynwfudk oOyg'daooedAmefqdkonf/ cEmwdkY\ wpfzef rjzpfjcif;[laom tbm0ynwfudk tEkyg'daoo edAmefqdkonf/ oN*K [usr;f rSmuJoYkd y&rwf tppftrSejf zpfaom eda&m"opm f h [k qdtyfaom tocFwedAmef (2) yg;udk qdonfr[kw/ xdy&rwftppf k k f k trSefjzpfaom eda&m"opm[k qdktyfaom tocFwedAmefonfum;tpOfxm0&wpfyg;wnf; tNrJwnfaeaom w&m;jzpfay ]]'d|"rdum}} [lvnf;aumif; ]]or&m,dum}} [lvnf;aumif; qkxuaom tcGihf d kd f r&Sd/ y&rw"rtaetm;jzihf xif&Sm;&Sdaeaom bm0w&m;jzpfay ]]&m* ca,m cDPmuma&m tbma0g}} [lvnf; qdkxdkufaom tcGifhr&Sd/ (um; ygVd a wmf tcd s KUaomq&mwd k Y \ t,l a y wnf ; /) (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / )

(To be continue)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Ak'\"rw&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/
rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

23

xdkYaemuf ydk&ifhusufaom tyrm'w&m;udk tajccH jzpfysuukd Munhjf yefaomtcg jzpfysuuyif rjrifawmhbJ jzpfysuf f f kd wkdY\ ukefqHk;&m edAmefudk jrifawmh\/ jrifaomrsufpdum; t&[wr*fPfrsupwnf;/ t&[wr*fPf rsuponfvnf; f d f d yuwd rsufpdvdkyif edAmefudk jyufjyuf xifxifjrifyg\/ rGef;wnfh csef tvif;a&mif jrifjcif;rsK;d jzpf\/ xktcg udavom oHa,mZOf d d [lorQonf BuD;onfjzpfap? i,fonfjzpfap t<uif;rJh csKyfNidrf; av\/ onfrSm tyrm'w&m;udk tajccH vludkMunhf &mrS jA[p&tqihronft&[wr*f tqihwiatmif tqifqifaom kd f f S f dk f h h ukodkvfw&m;rsm; jzpfyGm;vmyHkjzpf\/ wpfzef yrm'w&m;udk tajc cH vluMkd unhjf yefaomtcg vludk vltjzpf rjrifawmhbJ {u&mZftjzpfvnf; jrifwwf\/ tusOf;pHtjzpfvnf; jrifwwf\/ olaX;tjzpfvnf; jrifwwf\/ ygarmu t jzpf v nf ; jrif w wf \ / ausmif ; om;tjzpf v nf ; jrifwwf\/ jrefrmtjzpfvnf; jrifwwf\/ wkwftjzpfvnf; jrifwwf\/ xkdodkYjrifaomtcg jrifolESihf tjrifcH&olwdkYonf tcsif;csif; rwlbJ uGJjym;jcm;em;oGm;Mu\/ uGJjym;jcm;em;oGm; onfESihf wpfNydKifeuf olY tkyfpkESihf ightkyfpkonf jzpfay:vm\/ ightkyfpkudk cspf\/ jrwfEkd;\/ tm;udk;\/ olYtkyfpkudk rkef;wD;\/ &GH&Sm\/ ysufpD;apvdk\/ onfrSm yrm'w&m;udk tajccH vludkMunhf&mrS tqifhqifh aom tukodkvf oHa,mZOfrsm; jzpfyGm; vmyHkudk azmfjyjcif;jzpf\/ a'oem awmf t&yif tnw& &[ef;onf y#dord'gav;yg;ESiwuG t&[wzvoYkd a&mufawmfrl fh dk f oGm;\/ vlYavmuwGif ae&olrsm;onf aeYpOfyif vlrsm;udk Munhae&\/ xkoYkd Munfae&aomtcg tyrm' w&m;udk tajccH f d h MunhfygvQif jA[pdk&fw&m;rSonf t&[wzkdvfwkdifatmifaom w&m;jrwfrsm;udk &&Sd\/ yrm'w&m;udktajccH Munhfygu avmbtkyfpk&Sd cspfjcif; ]]wPSm}} jrwfEkd;jcif;]]rme}}? tm;udk;jcif; ]]'d|d}} wkdYonf vnf;aumif;? a'gotkyfpk&Sd rkef;wD;jcif;]]a'go}}? rdrdxuf omoGm;rSmudk pkd;&drfjcif; ]]m}} ? rddrduom tNrJ wrf;tay:pD;&,lvkdjcif; ]]rp&d,}} wkdYonfvnf;aumif; rjzpfrae ay:aygufvmrnf jzpf\/ xkdYaMumihfrdrdywf0ef;usif&Sd vludkMunhf&mwGif tyrm' w&m;udk tajccH MunhfygrSrdrdonfvnf; aumif;? avmuonf vnf;aumif; Nidrf;csrf;ayvdrhfrnf/ r*fzkdvftqifhudk r&apumrl jA[pkd&ftqihfudk &vQifyifavmuonf aecsifhpzG,fjzpfvm ayvdrrnf/ yrm'w&m;udk tajccH Munfygrlum; avmuonf hf h i&J avmuES i h f od y f N yD ; jcm;em;vS r nf r[k w f / xk d Y a Mumih f vludkMunhf&mwGif tyrm' w&m;jzifh Munhf&ef jrwfpGmbk&m;u *gxmudk a[mMum;awmfrljcif;jzpf\/ vludk tyrm'w&m;jzifh Munhf wwfvdk ygu ocFg&mw&m;wkdY\ rNrJaom oabmudk em;vnf&efvaMumif;dk 0,"rm ocFg& tyrma'e orma'x [l a[mMum; awmfrchJ jcif;jzpfaMumif; rSwom;tyfyg\/ trSetm;jzifh avmu l f f [lonf w&m;ud,tm;jzifh ocFg&w&m;rsm;omwnf;/ k f OD;a&Tatmif

]]pum;xJrS avmutjrifw&m;awGygovkd w&m;xJu pum;awGjzpfvvnf; Ydk b0twGuf vufawGtusK;d &Srm aocsmygw,f}} Y d S rk&m-aeZm H G pum;pk ya'ompmtkyf (t*Fvy-jrefrmESpbmom) d f f xGuNf yD wefz;dk 700d^&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf &J&ifhwnfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh b0ukd &ifqivsuf dk f atmifjrifpGmjzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY "r0D&*sme,f zwfMupkdU

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"r0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

jrwfAk'\tvkyftauR; t&SiftmeEm
jrif h o d e f ; (armf u Ref ; ) (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) 18/ uk o d e mH k o d k Y <ucsD & mc&D ; vrf ; 0,f 0domcgeuwfESihf,SOfaom uqkef vqef; (14) &uf (arvcef) wevFmaeY? r[m Y ou&mZf 148 ckwGif bk&m;&Sifonf rsm;pGm aom &[ef;y&dowfjzihf ]]abm*}} &GmBuD;rS ]]yg0g}} NrKd UodYk <uoGm;awmfrNl y;D yef;xdronf ]]pkE} } f \ o&ufO,smOfwGif oDwif;oHk;awmfrlonf/ aemufaeYeHeufwGif bk&m;&Sifonf pkEu quf uyfaom 0ufysdKom;qGrf;udk cH,lawmfrlonf/ bk&m;&Sifu xdkqGrf;udk tjcm;olrsm;tm; ruyf vSLyJ usetm;vH;k udk ajrBu;D xJ jrK yypfvu&ef f f dk f pkEukd rSmMum;awmfrygonf/ xdaeYyif bk&m;&Sif l k onf jyif;xefaomaoG;0rf;a&m*gudk cHpm;awmf rl&ygavNyD/ 0ufysdKom;aMumifhr[kwfygacs/ twdwb0u raumif;rIu\tusKd ;qufaMumihf f H bk&m;&SifcHpm;awmfrl&jcif;om jzpfyg\/ qGrf;udkbkOf;ay;awmfrl&jcif;aMumihfom xdkjyif; xefaom a0'emudk cHEipr;f &Sawmfrjl cif;jzpfyg kd f G d onf/

18. On the journey to Kusinara On the fourteenth waxing day of Visakha (about May), Monday, 148 Maha Era, the Buddha together with a large company of bhikkhus left 'Bhoga' village for 'Pava' city and stayed at the mango grove of the goldsmith 'Cunda'. Next morning, the Buddha accepted the alms-rice with tender pork (Sukara-maddava) offered by Cunda. The Buddha told Cunda not the offer it to others, but to bury all the left over in the ground. On that day the Buddha suffered from a severe attack of dysentery with the discharge of blood. Not because of the tender pork but, the Buddha had to suffer, because of the consequence of an evil deed in his past existence. He was able to resist the severe attack by taking this food.

onf/ bk&m;&Sifa&iwfawmfrl acsmif;xJrS aomufa&oGm;cyf&ef t&SitmeEtm; rdeMYf um; f awmfrlygonf/ vSnf;ig;&mwdkY acsmif;udkjzwf oGm;NyD;HkrQjzpf a&rSmvGefpGmrSyif AGufx aemuf u sd a eojzih f aomuf & ef r oih f y g[k t&SiftmeEmu jyefvnfavQmufxm;onhf tjyif ]uuk"m} jrpfoa&mufonhtcgusrom Ykd f S a&aomufawmfrlNyD; a&oHk;oyfawmfrlyg&ef awmif;yefavQmufxm;awmfrygonf/ od&mwGif l Yk bk&m;&Sifu ]]a&omoGm;cyfygacsavmh}} [k rd e f Y a wmf r l y gonf / t&S i f t meE m a&oG m ; cyfawmfracsaomf a&onf Munfvifoef&i;f Ny;D l Y S at;jrvsuf & S d a eonf u d k awG U &ygacs\/ odkYjzpf&onfrSm bk&m;&Sif\ BuD;us,fjrihfjrwf aomtHrcef;zG,wefc;kd &Seapmf tmEkabmfawmf h f d f aMumifhygay/
Even though he was suffering from severe dysentery with the discharge of blood, the Buddha went on his journey to Kusinara. As it was the hot season the Buddha felt exhausted. They took a short time rest under a big tree near a small stream, he felf thirsty, asked Ananda to get drinking water from the stream. Ananda replied that five hundred carts had just crossed the stream and the water was so turbid and muddy that it would not be good to drink and aslo supplicated him to drink and bathe only when they arrived at the 'Kakudha River.' But the Buddha said, "Go and fetch the water." When Ananda went and fetched it he found water clean, pure and cool. It was because of very great and marvelous super normal glory of the Buddha.

]y&dAdkZf} q&mBuD;\wynhf? rvmrif;om; ]yuK o} a&mufvmNyD; olYq&mBuD;\ avmuDpsmef taMumif; avQmufxm;ygonf/ bk&m;&Sifu cyfodrf;aompsmefw&m;wdkY\ txGwftxdyf jzpfavaom ]eda&m"ormywf} udk olYtm; &Sif;vif;a[mMum;awmfrlygonf/ olu bk&m; &Sifudk ouFef;wpfpHkvSLygonf/ bk&m;&Sifu wpfxnfudk t&SiftmeEtm; vSL&ef olYudk rdefY Mum;awmfrygonf/ t&SitmeEtm; bk&m;&Sif l f \ tvkyftauR;tjzpf cefYtyfawmfrlonhf aeY r S p bk & m;&S i f t vS L cH & &S d a wmf r l a om ouFef;udk t&SiftmeEmtm; ay;awmfrrlyg&ef bk&m;&SifESifh t&SiftmeEmwdkYcsif; oabm wl n D c J h N yD ; jzpf a omf v nf ; ,ck r l b k & m;&S i f u t&SiftmeEmudk ouFef;ay;aeygacsNyD/
At that time, 'Pakkusa', the Malla -- -Prince, a disciple of ' Alarakalama Paribba. jaka', came and said about mundane Jhana of his teacher. The Buddha explained to him the Attainment of Extinction (Nirodhasamapatti), the pinnacle of all Jhanas. He donated a pair of robes to him. The Buddha asked him to donate one to Ananda. Although they agreed not to give Ananda the robe he received since the day of appointment of Ananda as personal attendant to the Buddha, now he gave him the robe.

jyif;xefvSaom aoG;0rf;oGm;jcif; a&m*gudk cHpm;awmfrlae&ygvsuf bk&m;&Sif onf ukodemHkodkY c&D;pOfudk qufvuf<ucsD awmf r l y gonf / yl j yif ; aom&moD j zpf o nh f tavsmuf bk&m;&Sifonf ajcukefvufyef; usawmfrl&&Smygonf/ acsmif;i,fwpfckteD; opfyifBuD;wpfyifatmuf acwem;awmfrlMu

odkYay;awmfrljcif;rSm yuKoonf bk & m;&S i f u d k aemuf q H k ; ouF e f ; vS L ol j zpf csD;ajrmufvjkd cif;aMumifjh zpfygonf/ t&SitmeEm f onf "r\ouf&jdS y,k*jf zpfojzihf t&SitmeEm f tm; vSL'gef;jcif;onf w&m;awmf("r)udkom ru rl oHCmudkygay;vSLjcif;ESifh xyfwlnD ygonf/ xdaMumihf yuKoonf &wemjrwfo;kH yg; Yk xdonhtckuwif ]tmVm&umvmr udk vSL'gef;&jcif;wnf;[laom ukodkvftrIudk k f d f G

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"r0D&onf "ropmudk Tefjyonf/ jyK&ygacsNyD/ xdkYjyif rdrdwm0efrsm;udk EdkifEdkifeif; eif;ESihf ausyGefatmifxrf;aqmifcJhNyD;aom bk&m;&Sif\tvkyftauR;tjzpf aemufqHk;aeY jzpfavaomaMumifh t&SitmeEmudk cs;D ajrmuf f &ef twGufvnf; odkYjyKawmfrljcif;ygwnf;/
Such was to honour Pakkusa, as he was last robe- donor to the Buddha. As Ananda was the living embodiment of the Dhamma, to donate Ananda was similar to donate not only the Dhamma but also the . Simgha, the Order. Therefore Pakkusa had done the merit of donation to Triple Gem. And such was to honour Ananda also, as it was the last day as personal attendant, who had done his duties efficiently. was washing and wringing robes. He lay down on the robe spread by Ven. Cunda (Younger brother of Ven, Sariputta under whom he joined the Order. He won Arahantship after arduous and strenuous effort, while yet a Samanera. He attented Ven. . Sariputta in his last illness and after his Parinibbana, brought his bowl, other robe and relics wrapt in his water-strainer, to his teacher Ananda at Jetavana.), under a tree and took rest.

25

t&S i f t meE m onf xd k o uF e f ; ud k tvSLcHawmfrlygonf/ yuKo zJcGmoGm;av aomf t&SiftmeEmonf ouFef;ESpfxnfvHk; jzihf bk&m;&Sif\udk,fawmfay:rSm vTrf;NcHKay; vdkuf&m ouFef;\jrwfEdk;zG,ftaoG;ta&mif onf bk&m;&Sif\ Munfvif0if;yNyD; a&mifjcnf awmf u G e f Y j rL;aeonh f t om;ta&awmf E S i h f vd k u f z uf w if h a rmvsuf &S d a eygawmh o nf / onfyif bk&m;&Sif\ aemufqHk;crf;em;BuD; us,fpGmaom xl;jcm;jrihfjrwfrItoa&awmf jzihf wihfw,faejcif;yifjzpfyg\/

nDaemifESpfyifMum; ajrmufbufodkY acgif;jyK jyifqifcsxm;ay;awmfrlygonf/ ,ckrSmawmh oH;k avmuxGwwif twkr&Sd bk&m;&Siu,awmf f f kd f jrwfBuD;onf ae'Pf? av'Pf? rdk;'PfwdkY atmufwif tcseumvMumjrihpm trd;k tum G d f f G rJh [if;vif;jyif xm; xm;avonhf tzd;k rwef omref opf o m;anmif a pmif ; av;ay:wG i f vusmeHawmif;jzihf avsmif;awmfraeygNy/ uJh f l D odkY anmifapmif;av;udk cscif;ay;vdkuf&jcif; onf a&Tbkef;awmfocifbk&m;&Siftay: t&Sif rMumcifrSm bk&m;&Sifonf rsufvHk; tmeEm\ aemufqHk;0wfBuD;0wfi,fjyKvkduf& awmfukd zGiawmfr ]]tmeEm? ol\qGr;f aMumihf hf l jcif;jzpfygawmhonf/ aea&mift<uif;ESifh xGuf bk&m;&Sif y&deAmefp0ifom;awmfr&avonf[k d H G l ay:vmonh f va&mif j cnf w d k Y u tif M uif ; xifNyD; yef;xdrfonfpkE? tu,f 0rf;enf; O,smOfBu;D udk vGr;f armzG,f wefqmqifxm;ygav\/ aMuuGJaeygu ]pkE? oifonf uHaumif;avpG? Ananda, as the Buddha inoif\qGr;f udk bkO;f ay;oH;k aqmifawmfrNl y;D aemuf structed, laid the couch with its head to bk&m;&Sifonf y&dedAmefpH0ifoGm;awmfrlcJhav the north between the twin Sal trees. Now, NyD / bk & m;jzpf a wmf r l o nh f a eY ]ok Z mwm} the Nonpareil, Supreme Being of the three vSLaom qGr;f ESihf oifvLS aomqGr;f wdonf wlnD worlds was lying down on his right said Yk aom tusdK;aus;Zl;&Sdygayonf/ oifonf BuD; on the little, cheap, ordinary wooden couch us,crf;em;aom aumif;rIuovukd jyKcracs that had been exposed to the sun, wind f k kd f hJ d and rain for a long time. This laying the NyD[k igonf bk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfwdkifxHrS Mum; couch was his last service to the Blessed emcJh&ygonf/} odkYvQif pkEtm; ESpfodrfhvdkuf One. The rest of sun light and the rays of the moon rising up, adored the Sal Grove ygav}} [k bk&m;&SifrdefYrSmawmfrlygonf/
to deserve yearning.

Ananda received it. When Pakkusa left, he overspread the Budha with two robes, the golden hue of which matched well with the Buddha's clear and radiant complexion. That indeed was the last glorious sublimity of the Buddha.

xd k Y a emuf w pf z ef bk & m;&S i f o nf uuk"mjrpfodkY <uoGm;awmfrlNyD; jrpfwGif a&oHk; oyfawmfrlum? ouFef;awmfudk avQmfzGyfNyD; a&npfaeaom t&SiftmeEmtm; apmifhawmf rrlbJ urf;odwufom;awmfrygonf/ bk&m;&Sif Yk G l onf opfyifwpfyifatmuf t&SifpkE (t&Sif om&dyw&m\nDawmf? t&Siom&dyw&mxHwGif k f k &[ef;jyKc/ cufcMJ urf;wrf;pGm? tm;oGecepuf hJ f G f kd tjyif ; txef B ud K ;pm;tm;xk w f N yD ; aemuf omraPtjzpfESihfyif &[EmjzpfawmfrlcJh/ t&Sifom&dykw&m aemufqHk; emrusef;jzpfpOf olu jyKpkcJhNyD;? y&dedAmefjyKoGm;avaomf t&Sif jrwfBuD;\ oydwf? ESpfxyfouFef;BuD;ESihf "mwf awmfwdkYudk ol\a&ppfESihfxkyfydk; aZw0ef&Sd ol\q&mt&SiftmeEmxHodkY,lvm/) u cif; ay;awmfrlaom ouFef;ay:wGif vJavsmif; vsuf tem;,lawmfrlygonf/
Then the Buddha went to Kakudha River where he took bath and went up without waiting for Ananda who

Sooner, opening the eye, the Buddha said, Ananda, if the goldsmith Cunda grieved; thinking Tathagata passed away because of his alms-food, sooth him thus:'Cunda', you are fortunate, the Buddha had entered into Parinibbana after taking your alms-food. The food offered by 'Sujata' on the day of his Enlightenment and the food you offered are of equal benefit. You have done a great merit. Thus have I heard from the Buddha himself."

tifMuif;yiftm;vHk;rSmvnf; tcg r[kwf? yifvHk;uRwfzl;yGihfaeMuygavNyD/ arT;ysHU oif;BuKd iaom tifMuif;yef;wdrmvnf; ajrjyif f Yk S tESBYH ujJ yefaeygonf/ ]]rEm&0} ewfyef;wdonf Y Yk vnf; aumif;uifrusvmMuygonf/ wpfawm S vH;k rSm yef;&eHwjYkd zifh oif;ysUH arT;BuKd iaeygav\/ Y f aumif;uifwGif ewfwdkY\ om,mNidrfhajimif; aom *DwoHpOfrsm; wD;rIwfaeygonf/ pMu 0Vmwd k u f w pf a omif ; rS ewf j A[ m rsm;onf xkrwpfzef c&D;qufawmfrMl ujyef&m bk&m;&Siftm; aemufqHk;ylaZmfMu&ef bk&m;&Sif d S ][d&n0wDjrpf} udk jzwful;vsuf ukodemHk \ ywfvnfwGif pka0;a&muf&SdvmMuygonf/ tifMuif;awmodYk a&muf&awmfrcsewi?f aevH;k tH h r cef ; xl ; jcm;vS N yD ; 0rf ; enf ; aMuuG J z G , f dS l d f G vHk; 0ifoGm;ygavNyD/ ukodemHkonf yg0grS c&D; taumif;qHk;aomylaZmfyGJBuD;wpf&yfygay/ oH;k wdif (ajcmufricef) om a0;uGmaomfvnf; k kd f Y All of the Saltress completely bk&m;&Sifonf yifyef;EGrf;e,fawmfrlvGef;vS bursh forth in bloom out of season. The vrf;c&D;wGif ESpq,hig;Burwiwif &yfwefum fragrant Sal flowers scattered all over the f f d f dk f kd Y ground. 'Mandarava', the celestial flowers, em;aeawmfrl&ygonf/

Then they went on and crossing over 'Hiraavati River', arrived at Kusina -ra Sal Grove, when the sun set completely. Although Kusinara was three leagues - (about six miles) away from Pava, the Buddha felt so weary that he had to stop and rest for twenty five times on the way.

t&SitmeEmonf bk&m;&SieMf um; f f T awmfrlonhftwdkif; anmifapmif;udk tifMuif;

fell from the sky. The whole forest was perfumed with fragrant flowers. A gentle celestial music was played in the sky. Many devas and Brahmas from the ten thousand world systems gathered around the Buddha to pay their last homage to him. It was an extraordinary and most grievous worship to him. to be continued

jrif h o d e f ; (armf u Ref ; )

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"r0D&onf t"rw&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

acwfodyHtode,fy,fudk Ak'tbd"rmjzihf xdef;csKyf&efvdkygonf

wu o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r m p&d , ? B.A) odyynm&Siu odyenf;jzihf prf;oyf H f H cJhMuonf/ obm0w&m;ESihf csdefxdk;MunhfcJh onf/ odyHynm&SifwdkY\ vufawGUavhvm rIt& t&m0wKwdkif;onf taMumif;tusKd; qufoG,frI&SdpNrJjzpfonfudk awGU&ygonf/ rd;k bmaMumih&mygoenf;? aMuif;usK;d f G quf o G , f r I r &S d ? &G m csif o vd k & G m ygoavm? tu,f&Gmcsiovd&mygonfqvQiue;f wGi;f f k G kd f k usaom tmz&d u wd k u f t v,f y d k i f ; wG i f bmaMumihf rdk;r&Gmygoenf;? trSefrSmaMumif; usKd;rJhaomt&m[l r&Sday/ yifv,fork'&m a&rsuEmjyifay:odYk f S aeyl&Sdefusa&mufojzihf a&ylvmonf? a&yl ojzihf a&cdk;a&aiGUysHwufonf/ a&cdk; a&aiGU wdkYonf avESihftwla&GUvsm;onf/ jrifhaom aumif;uifodkY a&mufMuonf/ aumif;uif&Sd avat;ESihfawGUqHkaomtcg aEG;aoma&aiGU wdkYonf a&aiGUysHum rdk;a&ayguftjzpf&Gmcs onf/ rdk;&GmrIwGif uJhodkY aMumif;usKd;&Sd onf/ avwdkufcwfrIrSmvnf; aMumif;usKd;&Sd onf? rnfonft&mrqdk aMumif;usK;d qufpyfrI h &SdpNrJjzpfygvsuf aMumif;usKd;rJhjzpfay:&ygonf [laom wpf,loeft,ltqrsKd;udk a*gwrAk' u vufrcHcovdk ,aeYoyynm&Siwuvnf; hJ d H f Ykd vHk;0rESpfouf vufrcHawmhyg/ a*gwrAk ' \ tvk y f ( ur ) 0g'xk w f a zmf r I a*gwrAk'\ ur0g'udk avhvmMunhf ygu ur0g'onf &Sif;ygonf/ vlwdkif;wGif udk,f? EIwf? pdwf uH(tvkyf)? (3)rsKd;onf &Sdae ygonf/ vlwdkif; xdktrlt&moHk;rsKd;jzihf em&D puervyf vkyaeMuonf? jyKrajymqdk Bupnf Yf f l H aeMuonf/ vlwpfOD;\ jyKrlajymqdkBuHpnfrIonf olwpfyg;udk xdcdkufoGm;vQif raumif;aom tvkyf(tukokdvfuH)jzpfrnf? tukokdvfuHjyK vkyfvQif rdrdvnf; raumif;usKd;udk wHkYjyefcHpm; &rnf/ vlwpfO;D \ jyKrajymqdk Bupnfronf l H I olwpfyg;udk ud,pwf ESpjf zmcsr;f om at;jrap k f d vQif aumif;aomuHvkyf (ukokdvfuH)jzpfrnf? ukokdvfuHjyKvkyfvQif rdrdvnf; aumif;usKd;csrf; omudk wHkYjyefcHpm;Mu&rnf/ xdkuHonf oHo&mwpfavQmufb0 rsm;pGm jyKvycojzihf twdwu?H ypKyeu[ k f hJ f f H l uGJjym;onf/ twdwuaMumihf vl? ewf? jA[m b0 f H jynhprukd &Ekiovdfk i&J? wd&pmef? Nywm? tol f kH I d f d &um,f vlrGJvlqif;&J 'kudwb0vnf; &Ekdif onf/ vl o mref w d k Y t zd k Y ol \ twd w f u H aumif;jcif;aMumif; t*FgvuPmjynhfpHkol vltjzpfudk&cJhNyD? b0wpfckatmifjrifrI&&Sd&ef qufvufvIyf&Sm;kef;uef&rSmu rdrd\ypKyef b0 wm0efomjzpfonf/ PfESihf0D&d,udk csdefqBudK;pm;awG;ac:ygvQif ypKyefuHaumif; rsm; wdk;yGm;vmygrnf/ vlom;wdkY tusKd;jzpfap&eftwGuf twdwu?H ypKyeuac:aom uH? Pf? 0D&,? f f H d oHk;yg;nDrS atmifjrifMurnf[laom Ak'\ur 0g'onf aMumif;usK;d qufE,um obm0us G f odyHynm&SifwdkYu vufcHMuonf/ vlb0wGif aeYpOfEitrQ awGUBuKH ae Y S hf &aom qif;&Jcsr;f om uGmjcm;rI? ky&nftqif; f uGmjcm;rI? Opm"e <u,f0rIjcif;uGmjcm;rI? ynm wwf? rwwfuGmjcm;rIpaom vlYb0jyem tm;vHk;wdkYtwGuf aMumif;usKd;qufEG,frIrsm; &SaMumif; a*gwrAk'u twdtvif; ur0b*F d d okwf - olrsm;touf owfonfhtwGuf touf udk,frSmwdk? rowf a&Smif&m;? xdorsm; &Snvsm;toufu?d k S k l f -ESdyfpufuvl nOf;qJol? ajymxla&m*gqdk? oem;pdwfoGif;? rESdrfeif;? uif;&Sif;a&m*gudk? -xefjyif;a'go? BuD;wwfu? tvSysufrnfqd?k a'gouif;pif arwm,SOf? MunfvifvSyoudk? -remvdfkjyef? mxef? NcH&Huif;rnfqdk? mrxm;? 0rf;ajrmufjim;? aygrsm;a`cG&Hud?k -rvSLr'gef;? ray;urf;? ajcmufcef;Opmudk? pGefYBuJavwHk? jyKygukef? uHkvHk<u,f0vkd? -rmefrme<u,f? xdkol0,f? rsKd;ES,fnHhrnfqdk? xdkufoldkusKd;? rmefudkcsKd;? tusKd;jrwfoudk? -odzG,f[lorQ rar;u zsif;t ynmqdk? Mum;jrif r sm;atmif a r;avaqmif ? ck a emif wwfodvdk [la[mMum;NyD; tvkyf\ obm0 jcm;em;rIEifh &vmaom vlb0 jcm;em;rI urukd S Y pmrsuf E S m 28 ok d Y

odyHynm&Sifavmu urmhordkif; xif&m;cJaomodyynm&Sia'gufwmtki;f pwdi;f S h H f d k \ qufpyfrIoDtkd&D (Einstein's Theory of Relativity)t& &nfTef;csuf abmifwpfck (Reference frame) udk a&G;cs,fowfrSwfNyD;rS t&m&m\wefzdk;udk qHk;jzwfEkdifoavm/ Oyrm ta&SUt&yfudk owfrSwfNyD;rS ,if;\qefYusifbuft&yfudk taemufrsufESm [kac:qdrnfavm? ta&SUt&yfr&SbJ taemuf k d rsufESmonf oD;jcm;&SdEkdifoavmponfjzihf aqG;aEG;Muonf/ jyemwpf&yf&yfukd qH;k jzwf a&;onf vG,fulaomudpr[kwfyg/ w&m;rQwrIonfaumif; rw&m; jcif;onf qdk;onf[k ynm&SifwdkYu vufcHvm Muonf/ odkY&mwGif rnfodkYaomtjcif;t&m onf w&m;rSvm rnfodkYaomtjcif;t&m onf w&m;rQwrIr&Sd[k owfrSwf&mwGifrl oabmwlnDrIr&Muygay/ w&m;rQwrI (Justice)udk a&SUwef; wif a[majymcJhMuaom a&S;*&dawG;ac:&Sif BuD ; yavwd k (Plato)ES i f h t&p w d k w ,f v f (Aristotle)wd k Y u yif v Qif ppf o H k Y y ef ; rsm;ud k uReftjzpf cdkif;apjcif;onf w&m;rQwonf[k a<u;aMumfcJhMuonf/ od k Y j zpf wpf , l o ef 0 g'[l a om pum;&yfudk pOf;pm;qHk;jzwf&m bmomwdkif; vlrsK;d wdi;f onf rdrw\ 0g'udomtrSe[k qdMk u k d Ydk k f onf/ jrifhjrwfonf[k ,lqMuonf/ odkYaomf obm0w&m;\ e,fy,fwGif aocsmpGmpdppf MunhfygrS trSm;trSefudk cGJjcm;odvmEkdifonf/

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"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

27

NrJckdifowd wnfMunform"d
[d e f ; rif ; xuf (pd e f u ef Y v ef Y ) (2) o'gpaom a`EwdkYudk nDrQatmifvkyf& jcif;/ (3) uodkPf;edrdwf,l&m uRrf;usif&jcif;/ (4) usaeaompdwfudk jrihfwifay;&jcif;/ (5) wuf<uaeaompdwfudk ESdrfay;&jcif;/ (6) oHa0*jzpfaMumif;w&m;wdkYudk qifjcifum pdwfudk &Tifvef;ap&jcif;/ (7) pdwujkd riz?Ykd ESrz?Ykd &TiapzdrvdbJ nDrQaeyg f fh d f f Yk k u IrSwfNrJIrSwf&jcif;/ (8) pdwfysHUvGihfoludk a&SmifMuOf&jcif;/ (9) pdwfwnfNidrf (wnfMunf) oludk rSD0J&jcif;/ (10) orm"djzpfatmif pdwfGwf&jcif;..wdkY jzpfMu\/ (oH? |? w? 199) ]]orm"d \ 0d a oorsm;}} orm"d\ 0daootcsdKUrSm(1) {u*wm= tmHkwpfckwnf; pdwfwnfae jcif;/ (2) ormorm"d= aumif;pGmwnfMunfjcif;/ (3) orm"dNEd,= wnfMunfrI tpdk;w&&Sdjcif;/ (4) orm"doarmZ*= r*fPf&jcif;\taMumif; F jzpfaom wnfNidrfrI&Sdjcif;/ (5) orm"d,k*= psmeform"d orxw&m;ESihf ,SOfaomtcsdefumvjzpfjcif; wdkYjzpfMu\/ ]]r* & S p f y g; yg0if y H k } } r* i f w &m;&S p f y g; or m 0gpm (0pD ' k p d k u f a v;yg;ud k a&S m if M uOf j cif ; ) ormurE (um,'kpduo;kH yg;udk a&SmifMuOf k f jcif;)? ormtm ZD0 (0pD'kpdkufav;yg;? um, 'k p d k u f o H k ; yg;ud k a&S m if M uOf aumif ; pG m touf a rG ; jcif ; ) [l a om r* i f o H k ; yg;onf oD v r* i f (oD v od u m ) rsm;jzpf M uonf / orm'd|d (aumif;pGmjrifjcif;)? ormouFy (aumif;pGmBuHjcif;) [laom r*ifESpfyg;onf ynmr*if (ynmodum) rsm;jzpfMu\/ orm"dr*if (orm"doum) oH;k yg;rSm d rl? orm0g,r (aumif;pGmtm;xkwfjcif;) orm owd (aumif;pGmatmufarhjcif;) ormorm"d (aumif;pGmwnfMunfjcif;) wdkYjzpfMuonf/ odkY aMumihf orm"donf orm"dr*io;kH yg;wGif yg0if f avonf/ oDv? orm"d? ynm[kqdktyfaom odumoHk;&yf? tusihfjrwfwdkYjzifh 0dwdurudav om? y&d,k|meudavom? tEko,udavom oH;k yg;udk y,fowftyfayonf/ 0dwurudav d omrSm um,uHrI? 0pDuHrIwdkYjzihf vGefusL;jcif; jzpfonf/ y&d,|meudavomrSm raemuHrjI zihf k qlyGufx<uaejcif;jzpf? tEko,udavom url taMumif;wduqiygu um,uHr?I 0pDuH k f kd f rI? raemuHrIwdkY jzpfay:vmaponhf rsdK;aphyrm yifjzpfonf/ 0dwurudavomudk oDvodumjzihf d vnf;aumif;? y&d,k|meudavomudk orm"d odumjzihfvnf;aumif;? tEko,udavomudk ynmodumjzihvnf;aumif; y,fowf&ayonf/ f ]]vG e f u sL;ql y G u f ? rsd K ;rysuf oH k ; csuf ud a vom? oDv? orm"d? ynm owf & moH k ; od u m ? temES i h f a q;? ud k u f a tmif a y;? [l aysmuf a&;rcuf y g}} a &;rcuf g}}r[mNrd K if a wm&q&mawmf OD ; y@d w u op m av;yg;usih f p Of u srf ; wG i f aqmif y k ' f xkwxm;ayonf/ f ]]orm"d & apaMumif ; }} orm"d w &m;&ap&ef ? tzef z ef atmufarhjcif;? tzefzefowd&jcif;jzpfaponhf Ak ' g Ek wd ? "r m Ek wd ? oH C mEk wd ? oDvmEkwd? pm*gEkwd? a'0wmEkwd? um,*wmowd? r&PmEkwd? tmemyge Ekwd- [laom tEkwd (10) yg;jzihf yG m ;rsm;tm; xk w f & rnf o mjzpf a yonf / xdktEkwd (10) yg;wGif um,*wmowd [l a om tEk wd j zih f rd r d c E m ud k , f \ aum|mo (32) rsdK;udk tzefzef atmufarh? qif j cif y G m ;rsm;jcif ; jzih f pd w f u d k j zLpif a pNyD ; orm"dudkjzpfay:aponf/ tmemygemEkwd [laom ]]xGuouf0ifoufav;}} udk owdxm; f Iym;jcif;jzihvnf; pdwujkd zLpifapNy;D ? orm"dukd G f f jzpfapEdkifonf/ ]]orm"d w ef c d k ; }} pdwfwnfHkrQIrSwfjcif;onf ]]orx bm0em}} jzpfkyf? emrf\ rwnfNrJrIudk Pf jzihf ouf0ifIrSwfjcif;onf ]]0dyem}} jzpf onf/ 0D&,enf;? orm"dveuygu? xderd' d G f J (ysif;&didkufrsOf;jcif;) 0ifwwf? orm"denf;NyD; 0D&d,vGefuJygrl? O'p (ysHUvGihfjcif;) jzpfwwf

]]orm"d}} (concentration) tmHkwpfckwnf; pdwfwnfaerI? ]]{u*wm}} udk ]orm"d} [kac:\/ (Fixity of

mind. The one- printedness of mind on a single object, ekaggata, is called concentration.)

]]orm"d}} [laompum;onf ygVd pum;rS v mjcif ; jzpf o nf / ]]{um&r a Pwpfckwnf;aomtmHk? pdwapwodumeHapwoduw\ orH tnDtGwf (t0do&P f Ykd 0aoe? zdkz&J? ruGJrjym;? ra&GU&Sm;onf\ tpG r f ; tm;jzih f ) tm"meH - xm;jcif ; onf ? orm"meH emr? aumif;pGmxm;jcif;rnf\}} [l 0d o k ' d r *f ? ur | me* [ Ped a ' o tyd k i f ; azmfjyxm;yg onf/ wpf c k w nf ; aom tmH k q d k & m ]]ukovpdawu*wm}} ukodkvfjzpfaompdwf wpftmHkwnf;&Sdjcif;? wnfMunfjcif;onfom orm"drnfay\/ ]]tmHktrsm;? pdwfroGm;bJ? wpfyg;xJwGif pl ; pd k u f 0 if ? ac:wG i f o rm"d / }} ]]BuD ; rS L ;wwf a om? oabm&S d o nf ? zd k z &J ? rusJ w wf N yD ? rysH U vG i h f b J ? NrJ N rJ p d k u f w nf ? orm"d & S d \ *k P f o H k ; rnf } } -[l csrf ; ajrUq&mawmf u aqmifyk'f xkwfxm;ayonf/ orm"djzpfapaMumif; t*Fg (10) yg;&Sd\/ ]]orm"d j zpf a Mumif ; t*F g (10) yg;}} (1) cEmudk,fESihftoHk;taqmif? ywf0ef;usif oefY&Sif;pifMu,f&jcif;/

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"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/ aomaMumihf ]]t&SifodMum;rif; tom;ta& rnf;eufjcif;onf? rnf;eufonf[k rqdkxdkuf yg/ udk,fwGif; raumif;rIrsm;jynhfaeolom rnf;eufjcif;rnfayonf/ oDv? orm"dtESpf w&m;rsm;jzihf jynhfpHkaeolonf jzLpifolom jzpfayonf}} [k jyefvnfajymqdkvkdufonf/ odMum;rif;onf &aohBuD;\ tajz pum;udk Mum;&aomtcg &aohBuD;tay: o'gw&m;wdk;yGm;vm &aohBuD;rSDcdkaexdkif&m E0gkPD (eyJyif) tyifrS toD;rsm;onf tpOf x m0&toD ; oD ; Mu? csd K Nrd e f a om t&om jzpfap[k wefcdk;jzihf pDrHay;NyD;aemuf wm0wd omewfjynfoYkd jyefcavonf/ xdZmwf H hJ k 0w K t& oD v ? orm"d \ tES p f o m&&S d y H k u d k od&SdrSwfom;&onf/ ]]jrwf p G m bk & m;\a'oem}} ]]bdua0- &[ef;wdkY? wkarS- oifwdkY onf? edyum- ynm&Sojl zpfuevsuf (qefusif d k f Y bufudavomwdkYudk ajcmufcef;apwwfaom ynm&Sdyk*dKvfjzpfMuukefvsuf)? ywdwmowdpuyf txyfxyftrSw&Muukevsuf (0g) JG f f pmrsuf E S m 26 rS a0zefcGJjcm;pdwfjzm a[mMum;xm;ay;cJhyg onf/ a*gwrAk'\ ur0g'onf tvky0g' f jzpfonf/ vlavmuudk taumif;bufu Ijrif Y jcif; oufoufr[kwovdk tqd;k bufuvnf; f Ijrifo;kH oyfaom 0g'r[kway? rdrjd rifcsionf f f udk rdrdvkyf&onf/ olwpfyg;udk tm;udk;ae jzpfvmrnfr[kw[k trSetwdi;f obm0t&Sd f f k wdkif; a0zefcGJjcm;jyxm;onf/ ,aeYodyHynm&SifwdkYu odyHenf;us tajzxk w f M uonf u d k tvG e f o abmusMu onf/ a*gwrAk'\ ur0g'onf urm avmuBu;D \ppfreaom wd;k wufrukd azmfaqmif Sf I Ekdifonf/ a*gwrAk'\ ur0g'onfodyHenf; usaom bmoma&;0g'wpf&yfjzpfonf/ xkaMumihvnf; 20 &mpkoyynm&Sif Yd f d H avmu0,f ae v toGif tvGetvGexif&m; Yf f S ausmMf um;aom odyynm&Sif *smreDEiizm; *sL; H dk f H G (tpa&;)vlrsKd; tkdif;pwdkif;onf ol\&Dav; wpfAwD;oDtdk&D(Relativity Theory) udkwifjy cJhurmausmfodyHynm&SifjzpfcJhovdk a*gwr Ak'\ 0g'udkvnf;tav;teuf avhvmcJhNyD; ]aemifwpfcsdefrSm pMu0VmwpfckvHk; udk;uG,f Muaom bmomw&m;wpfckjzpfay:vmvdrfh rnf / xd k b momw&m;onf xm0&bk & m; t,l t qud k vT r f ; rd k ; oG m ;vd r h f r nf ? wpf , l owd & S d M uuk e f v suf ? ty r mPH - ty r mP rnf a om avmukw&mw&m;jzpfaom (0g) rdr\wnfae&m ow0gwd\ tusi*Ptwdi;f d Yk fh k f k twmyrmPudk azmfjyjyKvywwfaom? udav k f omr&S d a om? avmuk w & mw&m;jzpf a om? orm"d H- t&[wzdkvform"dudk? bma0xjzpfyGm;apMuukefavmh}} (t*FkwdK&fygVdawmf? orm"dow) ]]orm"d bua0 bma0x? orm k f H d [dawm bdua0 bduK ,xmblwH yZmemwd}} bdua0- cspfom;&[ef;wdkY? orm"d H- orm"d ud?k bma0x- yGm;rsm;Muygukeavmh/ bdua0f cspom;&[ef;wd?Yk orm[dawm- orm"d&dS onhf f yk * d K vf o nf ? ,xmbl w H - razmuf r jyef ? [kwwi;f rSepm? yZmemwd- uGujJG ym;jym;od\}} f dk f G J [l a[mxm; awmfrlcJhygownf;/ suf rSwfcsu- pmrsufESm 2- oHa0*jzpfaMumif; w&m;wdkYrSm- Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P? twDw? tem*w? ypKyE wdkYjzpfMuonf/ pmukd; (oH-2- 12? oH- 3- 363) [d e f ; rif ; xuf (pd e f u ef Y v ef Y )

onf/ 0D&d,ESihform"dudk nDrQpGmxm;&Sd&rnf jzpfonf/ orm"d\t[kef (wefc;kd ) qef;Mu,frI udvnf; Ak'usr;f *efrsm;wGif rSwom;&ayonf/ k f orm"dwefc;kd aMumih.. (1) ormywf f 0ifpm;aeaom t&Sifom&dykw&m\ ajymifae aom OD;acgif;ud?k bDv;l u vufo;D jzihx;kd aomf f vnf; emusifrIr&Sdacs/ (2) eda&m"ormywf 0ifpm;aeaom t&Sio0udk aoNyxif EGm;ausmif;om;wdu f D D Yk rD;dIUaomfvnf; ouFef;pudkyif rD;ravmifacs/ (3) ormywf0ifpm;aeaom ]]t&Sif cgPkaum@n}} tay: olcdk;ig;&mu txkyf ig;&mwifxm;aomfvnf; wpfpHkwpf&m emusif jcif; r&Sdacs/ (4) Ow&mtay: oD&rmu yGuyuf d f G qlaom axmywfESihfoGef;avmif;aomfvnf; ylavmifjcif;r&Sdacs/ (5) orm0wDudk Oawerif;u jrm; jzihfypfaomfvnf; ypfr&acs/ xdkig;rsdK;onf orm"dwefcdk;tpGrf; aMumihfyifjzpf\/ (y#doH? | 'k? 282? 290) ]]uPS Z mwf a wmf o m"u}} oDv? orm"dESifhjynhfpHkoludk odMum; rif;uyif csD;ajrmuf&aMumif; jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]uPSZmwf}} 0wK a[mMum;cJayonf/ Am&m h PoDjynf jA['wfrif;BuD; xD;eef;pdk;pHaecsdef wGif bk&m;avmif;onf ]]uPS}} [laomtrnf &Sdonhf olaX;om;jzpfavonf/ (tom;rnf ; ol j zpf ? rd b rsm;u uPS [ktrnfay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/) rdbrsm; uG,veom;aomtcg use&pfaomypn;f Opm f G f G f wd\ tESpr&Syukd qifjcifojd rif&onhtwGuf Yk f d kH f ypnf;OpmwdkYudk vSL'gef; pGefYBuJNyD;aemuf &aoh jyK [dr0EmodkY0ifum E0gkPD (eyJyif) atmufwif w&m;usiBfh uaeavonf/ xdtcg G H k tbdnmOformywfrsm;&&SdcJhonf/ uPS&aoh\ oDv? orm"dwefcdk; aMumihf odMum;rif;\ y@Kurvmjrausmufzsm onf yljyif;vm&onf/ uPS&aoh\jyif;xef aomtusihfaMumihf yljyif;vm&onfudkodaom od M um;rif ; onf &aoh B uD ; \tusih f o D v orm"dudk prf;oyfvdkaomaMumihf &aohBuD;&Sd &modkY qif;oufcJhonf/ &aohBuD;\aemuf ausmzufrSae ]]vlrnf;BuD;onf rnf;euf aom ajrjyif rnf;eufaomtqif;&Sdonhf opfoD;udkpm;aeonf? vdkvlrsdK;udk jrwfEdk; cifrifrIr&Sdyg}} [k ajymqdkvdkufonf/ &aohBuD;vnf; odMum;rif;rSef;od&Sd

oef0g'? w&m;ao0g'rsm;udvnf; a&SmifvEif k JT dk vdrhfrnf/ obm0w&m;ESihf bmomw&m;ESpfck pvHk;udk vTrf;NcHKrdaom bmomw&m;onf kyfemrfESpfyg;udk udk,fawGUcHpm;odjrifrIESihf t"dyg ,fjynh0aom aygif;pnf;nDwrtay: f G f I wGif tajccHvdrfhrnf/ tcsuftvufrsm;udk a*gwrAk' \ t,l 0 g'u tajzxk w f a y;vd r h f r nf / tu,fom acwfopfoyenf;us vdtyfcsuf d H k rsm;udk tajzxkwf jznhqnf;ay;Ekirnfh bmom f d f w&m;wpfc&vmrnfqvQif ,if;bmomw&m; k dS kd onf a*gwrAk'\ Ak'bmomyJjzpfrnf[l urmausmfodyHynm&SifBuD; a'gufwm tv,f bwftkdifpwdkif;u edrdwfzufa[mcJhygonf/
COSMIC RELIGION "The religion of the future will be a cosmic religion. It should trancend a personal God and avoid dogmas and theology. Covering both the natural and the spiritual, it should be based an a religions sense, arising from the experience of all things natural and spiritual and a memory full unity Buddhism answers the description. If thre is any religion that would cope with modern sciencetific need, It would be Buddhism. Dr Albert Einsteim The Greatest Scientist

DHAMMA VIRA DONATION "r0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

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"rrdwfaqGtaygif;wdkY ppfudkif;wdkif;? azmif;jyifNrdKUe,f? u&m;&Gm? tb,m&mrausmif;wdkuf q&mawmf t&Sifpm&dE (b0tvif;a&mif) v,fwDur|memp&d,? "rmp&d, OD;pD;wnfaxmif 1372-2010 wGif zGifhvSpfrnfh azmif;jyif? [krvif;? cED;(ppfudkif;wdkif;txufydkif;) oHCmawmfrsm; 0gwGif;umvtcrJhESifh tajccH ynmausmif;om;rsm;twGuf (vQyfppfrD;&&Sd &ef 'DZ,fqD toHk;p&dwfom aumufcH) zGifhvSpfrnfh b0tvif;a&mif uGefysLwmoifwef;twGuf oifwef;oHk;uGefysLwm wpfpHkvQif usyf(350000d^-wdwd) (usyfoHk;odef;ig;aomif;)jzifh ynmyg&rDjznfhvSL'gef;EdkifaMumif; te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS ynmyg&rDjznfhqnf; vdkolrsm;tm; edAmeftusKd;ajrmf EId;aqmf tyfygonf/ qufoG,fvSL'gef;Edkifonfh vdyfpmrsm; &efukef q&mawmfb'EPdE omoe"Z"rmp&d, y-oH;k vH;k 0dyemuxdu ur|memp&d,? "ruxdu taomum&mr "r&udwausmif;wdkuf ewfacsmif;? wmarGNrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKU/ zke;f -0950 82208 vSKiMf unfjzL"r0&pmaywduEi'*spw,fpmMunfwuf d D k f S hf D f h kd taqmif(1)? tcef;(6)? jrefrmtifzdkwuf? vSKdifNrdKUe,f? &efuewi;f / k f kd zke;f -01- 507208 rE a v; OD;rsK;d rif;ode;f +a':pEmeef; trSwf (259) 32 vrf;(82_83)vrf;Mum; rEav;NrdKU/ zke;f -0920 01210? 0221557 02-34227/

t&Sipm&dE(b0tvif;a&mif) f v,fwDur|memp&d,? "rmp&d, tb,m&mrausmif;wdkuf? u&m;&Gm? azmif;jyifNrdKUe,f? ppfui;f wdi;f / kd k wpfqifze;f - 01-3334644? h k 01-3338580

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r0D&onf avmuD avmukw&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

apwD kyfyGm; wnfxm;udk;uG,f ylaZmf&jcif;taMumif;

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DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

38

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

39

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a*[dwayr (0g) rdom;pktcsif;csif;cspfaom cspfjcif;arwm

'getp-cspfjcif;u
Charity begins at love
By Dhamma Vi-ra Thandar Aung, ITBM University, Yangon,

,cif t ywf r S t quf

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THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

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