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Address
Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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onf/ ]uH} oHk;yg;&Sdonf/ uHaumif;ap&ef rdrdu aumif;aom uHrsm;udk apwemrSefjzihf jyKvkyfaqmif&GufMu& avonf/ odrom urumwm aumif;aom Yk S uHonf udk,fydkifOpmjzpfrnf/ r[kwfwmawG vkyfNyD;r[yfwmawGjzpfjcif;onf aumif;aom uHr[kway/ rdrraumif;wmudk uHtm;yHrcsoihf f d k ay/ uHaumif;&ef apwemaumif;? apwemrSef &S&efv\/ apwem[lonf uHawGukd jyKvyap d kd k f &ef wdkufwGef;jcif;? aphaqmfjcif;jzpfonf/ uH onf apwemtajccH\/ xdaMumihf apwemaumif;rS uHaumif; Yk rnf/ uHaumif;atmif apwemaumif;ygap [k rdefYqdkjcif;jzpfavonf/ (p) Ak ' b k & m;tvd k a wmf u s tpm;tpm bk O f ; ay;oH k ; aqmif e nf ; rsm;ynmjzih f o ih f a vsmf p G m ES v H k ; oG i f ; qifjcif oH;k aqmifyg\/ aysmyg;jrL;wl;jcif;iSm f rpm;yg/ vufa0SYeyef;orm;rsm;uJhodkY tm;rmef ,pfjcif;iSm rpm;yg/ cEmudk,fwihfw,fajyjypf acsmarmvSyapjcif;iSm rpm;yg/ cEmudk,f touf&SifoefwnfwHhHk? rQwHk? tusdK;iSmom pm;oHk;yg\/ tpmaMumihfjzpfaom ab;a&m*g tE&m,frjzpfHk pm;oHk;yg\/ jrwfaomtusihf

FORE ARTICLES
"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ tusd K ;&S d p G m pm;oH k ; jcif ; (2) rsd K ; ]xrif;pm;ovdk a&aomufovdkygyJ} [k NyD;pvG,fudprsm;ESihfywfouf ajymqdk avh&SdMuonf/ tpm;tpmrsm; pm;aomuf oHk;aqmifMu&mwGif trIrJh? trSwfrJh rpm; oihfay/ awmifawG;? ajrmufawG; xif&mawG awG;NyD; rpm;oHk;oihfay/ xrif ; pm;enf ; (2) rsd K ;rS m (1) trS w f o wd & S d j cif ; (ty r m'w&m;jzih f pm;jcif;) (2) twdkif;twmodjcif; (csihfcsdefpm;jcif;) wdkYjzpfonf/ od k Y owd - ynm owd & S d j cif ; + twdi;f twmodjcif;wdjYk zihf pm;oH;k ygu- &&Saom k d tusdK;w&m;um;(u) wPkuH b0Ed a0'em- tem a&m*guif;&Sif;&jcif; (a&m*gwjznf;jznf;om jzpfjcif;) (c) tm,kygv,H- touf&Snfjcif; (toufudk apmifha&Smufjcif;) (*) oPduH ZD&wd- t&G,fEkysdKjcif;? t&G,wifjcif;? jznf;jznf;tdjk cif;/ f ("ry'? yaoe'Daumovrif;0wKrS) tjypf u if ; atmif pm;aomuf e nf ; (u) tpm;taomuf pm;aomufwi;f dk arwmydkYNyD;rS pm;aomufyg/ (c) &[ef;? omraPrsm;? ypa0u Pm qifjcifNyD; bkOf;ay;oHk;aqmifyg/ (*) a,m*Dy*Kd vrnforqdk 0dyem k f l IrSwfNyD; pm;aomufyg/ pm;oH k ; &mwG i f ES v H k ; oG i f ; qif j cif & ef (yp a0u P m) ]] onhfpm;zG,f? tr,fr,fudk? ]]onh jrL;&,f rmef<u? vSya&qif;? jynhfNzdK;jcif;iSm? roH k ; ygbl ; ? av;jzm"mwf a qmif ? ud k , f aumifonf? &Snfatmifwnfvsuf? touf rQwrf ; ? rarmyef ; jim;? bk & m;? omoem usihfESpfjzmudk usihfygEdkifap? a0'em a[mif; opf ? rjzpf a p&? ,myd k x f r Qvpf ? cyf o d r f ; jypf u d k ? rjzpf a patmif ? csrf ; ajrUaqmif [ k ? oHk;aqmifrSD0Jygownf;}} earm or m or K ' rH k & G m aeZm

Ak'*wum D d
q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) [w u 0w K
Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0wdjynf aZw0efausmif;awmf aeawmfrlaomtcg wdwwEihf t,lNyKiaom [wu&[ef;onf taMumif;wpfyg;jzifh taMumif;wpfyg;ukd zk;H vTr;f jcif; d Ydk S d f rkom;qkjd cif;ukjd yKvsuaeonfukd Mum;od awmfr xk&[ef;ukd qk;H rawmfrjl cif;iSm ]]e rk@aue f l d oraPm}} paom ESpf*gxmukd a[mfawmfrl\/ e rk@aue oraPm? tAKawm tvduH bPH/ pmavmb ormyaEm? oraPm ud Hb0dwd/ a,m p oarwd ygyged? tPkH xlvmed oAan? ordwwm [d ygygeH? ]]oraPm}} wd y0kpwd/ jrefrmuAsm acgif;ajymifjzpfqef; &[ef;rwGif? "lwifoDv ESpf0uif;pif? rkom;ajymvsuf &rufpkHvif? &[ef;um; b,frsm;jzpftHhxif/
Not by a shaven head does an undisciplined man, who utters lies, become an astecic. How will one be an ascetic who is full of desire and greed?

pum;ajy Hk S hf pum;ajy/ / acgif;ajymifO;D jynf; &dwjf zwfrQEihf &[ef;rjzpf/ oDv"lwiftusirS uif;a0;aom rk o m;ajymqk d a om tvk d & r u f j ynf h E S u f a eaomol o nf tb,f r S m vQif orPrnf v wf &[ef;jrwfjzpfEkdifygtHhenf;/ jrefrmuAsm tMuifolum; ESpfyg;BuD;i,f? ,kwfrmnpfusL raumif;rI&,f? tcgcyfodrf; at;Nidrf;apw,f? xkdYaMumifhrSef; &[ef;qkdEkdifw,f/
He who subdues evil deeds both small and gread entirely, because he has overcome all evil deeds, is called an ascetic.

pum;ajy/ l k f f Ydk pum;ajy / tMuifoonfum; Bu;D Bu;D i,fi,fjzpfueaom ,kwrmnpfusL raumif;rIwudk tcgcyfodrf;Nidrf;ap\/ xkdolum; ,kwfrmnpfusL raumif;rIwkdYukd Nidrf;ap wwfaomaMumifh omvQif &[ef;[kqkd\/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

onf;cHjcif;taMumif;
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vnf; vlomrefwdkYonf rxDrJhjrifrI? apmfum;rI jyKvmvQif rcHcsifMu? a'gojzpfwwfMu\/ jrwfEdk;rIESihftdktaojyKjcif;udkum; wpfOD;wpf a,mufrQ rcH,lcsifolr&Sdovdk? a'govnf; rjzpfwwfMuay/ trsm;vufrcHEionhf a'go kd f xGufaprnhft&mudk a'gorxGufbJ? cH,lEdkifrS omvQif ]onf;cHol} [k qdkxkdufayonf/ tu,f ygVdawmfvmtwki;f jrwfE;kd d rI? rxDrJhjrifjyKrI ESpfrsdK;pvHk;udk ]onf;cH&rnf} [k ,lvQif cEDyg&rDonf? ]Oayumyg&rD} ESihf xl;rjcm;em;jzpfawmhrnf[k jyqdMk u\/ xdynm k &SdwdkYonfvnf;? p&d,myd#ut|uxm? rlv #D u musrf ; wd k Y u d k tm;ud k ; jyKajymqd k M ujcif ; jzpfaomaMumifh t|uxmynm&SdwdkY\ pum; udkvnf; rjypfomacs/ odkYaomf cED-onf;cHjcif;w&m;ESihf Oayum-vspfvsLIjcif;w&m;ESpfyg;ukd uGJjym; ap&efum;? ow0gocFg&wdkYjyKtyfaom trIudk ]onf;cHjcif;}onf cEjD zpfonf[vnf;aumif;? l ow0gocFg&wdtay:-rke;f vnf;rrke;f ? cspvnf; Yk f rcsp?f vGwvwf vspvsLIaejcif;onf Oayum f G f [lvnf;aumif; cGJjcm;rSwf,loihfayonf/ v,f w D q &mawmf b k & m;BuD ; url r*Fvokwfed, cEDp-okcESihfawGUaomf vnf; pdwfrwuf? 'kuESihfawGUaomfvnf; pdwf

rysuf? trsufrxef? onf;cHjcif;onfvnf; aumif; [l teufjyefqdkawmfrlcJh&m ]orm em0 rmeuarm}- [laom ygVdawmfEinvay S hf D S onf/ t|uxmq&mjrwfwziqcsuEifh ygVd Ykd G hf kd f S awmfrl rqefYusifatmif cED-onf;cHjcif;oabmteufudkaqmif,l&ygrl-/ a&S;u bk&m;tavmif;awmfBuD;rsm; rSm yifudk,fuyif eufeJaom oabm&Sdawmf rlMuaomaMumihf okc- csrf;omzG,fESihfawGUBuHK &aomfvnf;? avmbpdwfwufjcif; r&Sd? 'ku qif;&Jjcif;ESifh BuKH &aomfvnf; pdwudk txl;qH;k r f jyKjyif cEDyg&rDajrmufatmif onf;cHawmfrl Muonf/ wpfenf;qd&aomf ]cED yg&rD} jznhusifh k f awmfrlMuaom bk&m;tavmif;awmfwdkYonf um;? okc-'kuESpfyg;pvHk;udkyif? avmbw&m;? a'gow&m;ray:xGufatmif onf;cHjznhfusifh awmfrlMu&ayonf/ bk&m;tavmif;awmfwdkY\ ]cED yg&rD0g'} udk &nfe;f ormem0rmeuarm= T jrwfE;kd rIuvnf; avmbrxGubJ onf;cHEi& kd f kd f rnf/ rxDrJhjrifjyKrlapmfum;rIudkvnf; a'go rxGufbJ onf;cHEdkif&rnf} [l a[mawmf rljcif;jzpf\/ odkY&mwGif bk&m;tavmif;awmf Bu;D rsm;rSm yifu,yuwdtm;jzifyif eufeaom kd f h J pmrsuf E S m 10 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

ynmtvif;a&mif xGef;ajymifap&ef (6)

t&Sif'dumbd0Ho

om0wdNrdKU od&d*kwESifh *&['dEwdkY oli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf&SdMuonf/ od&d*kwu jrwfpGmbk&m;\ wynfhjzpfonf/ *&['dEu ed*PwdkY\ wynhfjzpfonf/ *&['dEonf ed*PwdkY\ wdkufwGef;csuft& od&d*kwtm; ol\q&m ed*PwdkYrSm rodaomtaMumif; t&mrSeorQuoaMumif;? ed*Pwtm; ay;vSLzkYd f kd d Ykd taMumif; tNrJajymjyonf/ od&d*kwonf *&['dE\ &yf&mxdkif&mpaom ae&mwdkif; ae&mwki;f wd em;nD;rwwf ajymjycsuaMumihf d Yk f ed*PwdkYtm; qGrf;pm;yihfcdkif;onf/ od&*wonf tdrEpv;kH wd\tMum; d k f S f Yk wGi;f &Sn&nw;l rpifwjYkd zihjf znhxm;onf/ f S f f tay: tcif; cif;xm;onf/ tdraemufaz; f pOf;tdk;BuD;i,fwdkYudk iSufaysm&GufwdkYjzihf tkyf xm;onf/ xrif;[if;wdkYjzihf okwfvdrf;xm; onf/ xrif; [if;wdkY &Sdav[efjzpfonf/ wu,fawmh xrif;ESi[if;wdYk vH;k 0r&Syg/ *&[ fh d 'dEonf od&d*kwwdkYtdrfodkY vmMunhf q&m jzpfaom ed*PwdkYudk oGm;yihfonf/ ed*Pw<Ykd uvmMuaomtcg od&d*w k onf tdrrxu ed*Pwtm; vuftycsum f S G f Ykd k f D ]]t&SifwdkYonf a&S;jzpfaemufjzpf ,ckjzpfaom taMumif;t&mwdkYukdodvQif tdrfodkY r0ifMu

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/ jynfjzpfaomoltm; todPfynm xufjruf onf/ jA[mjh ynf csr;f omjcif;&Saom vlb0u d Y tvGefYtvGef w&m;tm;xkwfcJhaomoltm; a&xJ opfom;ponfrsm; aygavmay:aeovdk aygavmarsmaeovdk w&m;tpkwdkYudk w&m; todwYkd xifxif&m;&Sm;jzpfMuonf/ vlb0wke;f S Y u w&m;udk BudK;BudK;pm;pm; tm;xkwfcJhaom aMumihf owd&jcif; trSw&jcif;u av;aeao; f onf? aES;aeao;onf/ w&m;udk atmufarh vdkufonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf vsifvsifjrefjrefyif w&m;xl;udk &&Sonf/ r*fw&m; zdvw&m;wdukd d k f Yk vsivsijf refjrefyif odjrifonf/ jyqdcNhJ y;D onf f k um; jA[mhjynfjzpfaom yk*dKvfwdkYtm; jA[m wdkYtm; todPfynm vsifjrefpGmjzpfay:&yHk todPfynmxufjrufyHkjzpfonf/ (3) ynda`E\ &ihfusufjcif;odkYa&muf aom ynm'ou- Pfynm\wdk;wuf&m tckduftwefYPfynm\ xufjruf&mt&G,f odkYa&mufaom yk*dKvfrsm;tm; ynda`E\ &ifh usufjcif;udkrSD taMumif;jyK ukodkvfjzpf aomtcg todPfynmjzpf&onf/ todPf ynm xufjrufonf/ 'ouq,f r sd K ; ynm'ouESihfpyf 'ouq,frsdK; udkvnf; rSwfom;oihfygonf/ 1/ rE'ou El;nHaom uav;b0\ t&G,?f ouh (1-ESpfrS 10-ESpftxd) 2/ cdm'ou jrL;wl;aysmfyg;&mt&G,f? (11m'ouESpfrS 20 ESpftxd) ou3/ 0P'ou b0\tvSyqHk;t&G,f? (21ESpfrS 30 ESpftxd) 4/ Av'ou tm;taumif;qHk;t&G,f? (31Av'ouESpfrS 40 ESpftxd) ynm'ou5/ ynm'ou todPfynmxufjruf&m t&G,f/ (41-ESpfrS 50 ESpftxd) 6/ [med'ou ta&tqif;ESihf cGeftm;wdkY ouqkwf,kwf&mt&G,f/ (51-ESpfrS 60-ESpftxd) 7/ yAm&'ou cg;ukef;&m cg;udkif;&mt&G,f? &'ou(61-ESpfrS 70-ESpftxd) 8/ 0uF'ou cg;ukef;Hkwifru aumuf&m out&G,f? (71-ESpfrS 80 ESpftxd) 9/ arm['ou owdarh oli,fjyef&m arm['out&G,f? (81-ESpfrS 90-ESpftxd) 10/ o,e'ou tdyf&mrS rxEdkifawmh&m o,e'out&G,f? (91-ESpfrS 100-ESpftxd) (4) ud a vomwd k Y a0;uG m ol w d k Y t m; todPfynmjzpfonf/ tjrihfqHk;jzpfaom r*fynm zkdvfynmtxdjzpfonf/ udavom qdkonfrSm pdwfudkylyefapwwf? ESdyfpufwwf? npfEGrf;apwwfaom w&m;rsm;jzpfonf/ ,if; pdwfudk ylyefapwwf ESdyfpufwwf npfEGrf;ap wwfaom udavomw&m;rsm; jzpfyGm;aeol tm; udavomaomif;usef;aeoltm; tod Pfynm rjzpfEiyg/ udavomESihf todPf kd f ynmonf jy'g;wpfvrf; oHwpfvrf;jzpfonf/ orxbm0em 0dyembm0emwdkY udk BuKd ;pm;yGm;rsm;tm;xkwowtm; udavom f l Ykd tjzpf enf;onf? udavomwdkYrS a0;uGmonf/ ]]0d&ZH 0DwrvH "rpuKH O'yg'd}} udavom jrL ud a vomtnpf t aMu;uif ; ol w d k Y t m; aomwmyw d r *f Pf ou'g*grd r *f Pf tem*grdr*fPf t&[wr*fPf[laom tjrihfqHk;aom Pfynmrsm;yif txift&Sm; jzpfay:Muonf/ avmuDtodPf? avmuD ynmwdkYjzpfay:&efum; txl;qdkzG,f&m rvdk awmhyg/ a,m*ga0 Zm,wD bl&D? ta,m*g bl&docFa,m? orxbm0em 0dyembm0emudk BudK;pm;yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfjcif;jzihf ajrBuD;ozG,f xkxnfBuD;rm;aom todPfynmjzpf\/ orxbm0em 0dyembm0emudk rBudK;pm; ryGm;rsm; tm;rxkwfjcif;aMumihf ajrBuD;ozG,fxkxnfBuD;rm;aom todPf ynm ukecef;ysup;D &\[k ("ry'? |? 2? 262) f f jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrlxm;ygonf/ odkYjzpf ajrBuD;ozG,f xkxnfBuD; rm;aom todPfynmjzpf&avatmif ynm tvif ; a&mif xG e f ; ajymif a p&avatmif avmuDtodPfynm avmukw&mtodPf PfynmwdkY wdk;wuf&avatmif orx bm0em 0dyembm0emwdkYudk BudK;pm;yGm;rsm; tm;xkwf&ygrnf/ t&S i f ' d u mbd 0 H o

awmfrlonf/ a'oemawmf\tqHk; *&['dE ESifh od&*kwwdkY aomwmyefwnfMuonf/ ynmpu K jzpf a y:&ef tod Pf ynmjzpfap&ef PfynmjzpfaMumif;av;rsdK; wdkYudk rSwfom;oifhygonf/ jznhfusihfqnf;yl; oifhygonf/ PfynmjzpfaMumif; av;rsdK; wd k Y r S m 1/ a&S ; a&S ; b0ujyKcJ h a om aumif ; rI u H ? 2/ jA[ m bH k y#d o aE a ejcif ; ? 3/ ynd a `E \ &if h u suf j cif ; ? 4/ udavomwdkYrS a0;uGmjcif;-wdkYjzpfonf/ (1) a&S;b0ujyKcaom aumif;rIuaMumihf hJ H PfynmBuD;rm;&m0,f tMuiftrsdK;om; trsKd ;orD;onf a&S;a&S;b0u olwpfyg;wdtm; Yk w&m;a[mcJonf/ ur|mef;w&m; Irwym;rsm; h S f G enf;udk TeMf um;jyoay;cJonf/ pmayy&d,wf h udk oifMum;ay;cJonf? ydcsay;cJonf? edAmefaqmf h Yk h jyKvkyfcJhonf/ tjypfuif;aom tjypfr&Sdaom twwfynm vufrIynm? EIwfrIynm? touf arG;0rf;aMumif;ynm tp&Sdaom ynmtrsdK;rsdK; wdukd oifjyay;cJonf/ "ruxdutm; vSL'gef; Yk h ylaZmfrIudkjyK w&m;a[mapcJhonf/ yifr "r 'geukov&if jyKvyconf/ w&m;yGjJ zpfatmif kd f S k f hJ OD;aqmifOD;&Guf jyKvkyfcJhonf/ w&m;yGJESihfpyf a0,sm0paqmif&uconf/ jyKvyz,toG,f G f hJ k f G f oG,ukd jyKvyconf/ xdtrsKd ;om; trsKd ;orD; f k f hJ k tm; jzpf&mjzpf&mb0 todPfynmxuf jrufonf/ todPfynmBuD;rm;onf/ tMuiftrsdK;om; trsdK;orD;onf vnf; ukodkvfaumif;rIjyKaomtcg oufawmf xif&Sm; jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; &nfrSef; yef;? a&csr;f ? qDr;D ? opfo;D qGr;f ? tarT;wdif ponfwYkd k jzihf uyfvSLylaZmfaomtcgjzpfap? oHCmawmf rsm;tm; qGrf;avmif;aomtcg qGrf;uyfaom tcgjzpfap? 'geukodkvfjyKwdkif; OykofoDv usihfoHk;aqmufwnfwdkif; bm0emur|mef; pD;jzef;wkdif; ]]ukodkvfaMumifh jzpf&m jzpf&m b0wkdif;rSm todPfynmxufjrufol tod PfynmBuD;rm;ol jzpf&ygvdk\[k qkawmif; 'geuk o d k v f u d k j yKonf ? oD v uk o d k v f u d k usihfoHk;aqmufwnfonf/ bm0emur|mef; pD;jzef;yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfonf/ xkdtrsdK;om; trsdK;orD;tm; jzpf&mjzpf&mb0 todPf ynm xufjrufonf? todPfynmBuD;rm; onf/ (2) jA[mjh ynf pdwnpfr?I pdw"mwfusr?I f f pdwfzdpD;rI a'go? a'gre r&Sdyg/ ,if;jA[mh

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf avmuD avmukw&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

aumvm[vESihf a&mifawmfjyefBuD;rsm;
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jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ okar"m&aoh b0rSp av;oacsFESihfurmwpfodef; yg&rD q,fyg;jznhfusihfcJhNyD;jzpfaom a0E&mb0 \ aemufumv tESpfwpfaxmiftxuf oAnKbk&m;yGihfxGef;awmfrlayawmhrnf[k vl trsm;wdkY\ aumvm[vpum;BuD;onf tkwf tkwfuRufrQ ausmfapmvsuf&Sd\/ aumvm[v[l o nf u m; ig;rsd K ; &Sday\/ tb,fwdkYenf;[lrl1/ uyaumvm[v= ,ckESpfrSp aemif tESpfwpfodef;jynhfaomumv urmysufacs rnf / arw m ?uk P m? rk ' d w m? Oayu m wnf ; [l a om jA[ 0 d [ m&w&m;av;yg;ud k yG m ;rsm;Muapuk e f [ k avmuAsL[mewf w d k Y a<u;aMumfjcif;onf vnf;aumif;/ 2/ Ak ' a umvm[v= ,ckESpfrSp aemif tESpwpfaxmifjynhaomumv jrwfpmbk&m; f f G yGixe;f awmfrayrnf/ "rmEk"ry#dy'gudk dao fh G l k pGm usihfBuHtm;xkwfMuukefaom &[ef;oHCm taygif;wdkYudk NcH&Hvsuf a'oemtNrdKufaq; wdkufauR;awmfrlvdk <ucsDawmfrlvmvwHU[k

ewfwdkY a<u;aMumfjcif;onfvnf;aumif;/ 3/ pu0wdaumvm[v= ,ckESpfrSp aemif tESpfwpf&mjynhfaomumv uRef;av;uRef; ukdtpdk;&aom &wemckepfyg;ESihfjynhfpHkaom? wpfaxmifausmfrQ&Sdaom om;&wemtaygif; udk NcH&Hvsuf pMum0aw;rif;ay:xGef;vwHU[k ewfwdkY a<u;aMumfjcif;onfvnf;aumif;/ 4/ r*Fvmaumvm[v= ,ckESpfrSp aemif (12) ES p f j ynh f a omumv r*F v mw&m; xG e f ; um;vw H U [k ewf w d k Y a <u;aMumf j cif ; onfvnf;aumif;/ 5/ armae,saumvm[v= ,ck E S p f r S p aemif(7)ESpfjynhaomumv armae,stusifh f udk usiBfh uHaomol xGe;f um;vwUH [k ewfwa<u; Ykd aMumfj cif ; onf v nf ; aumif ; / onf u m; aumvm[vig;rsdK;wdkYaywnf;/ od k Y aumvm[vig;rsd K ; Ak ' aumvm[vausmapmaecsewif om0wjd ynf f d f G 0,f yk&mPuy? ruvda*gomv? tZdw auourv? yuk"upm,e? ed*@em#ykw? o,aAv|ykw[ktrnf&Sdaom *dkPf;q&m

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

10

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ykpmrsm;udk ajz&onf&Sdaomf igwdkYajzMum;onhf twd k i f ; rif ; BuD ; oabmusvd r f h r nf r [k w f / xdktcg rif;BuD; tukodkvftjypfwdkYonf rsm;ukevwUH / xdaMumifh rif;Bu;D tm; oem;aom f Yk tm;jzihf igwdkYbk&m;r[kwf[k ajzqdkcJhMujcif; jzpfay\/ pifppfaomfum; igwdkYonf bk&m; {uefjzpfayownf;}} [k *dP;f q&mBu;D wdonf k Yk vltaygif;tm; vSnpm; pnf;H;k aeMujyef\/ fh tcsdefwGif a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m; onf yGihfxGef;aeNyDjzpf tjcm;aomwdkif;jynf rsm;okdY a'opm&D<ucsawmfraeay\/ wpfaeY D l wGif jrwfpmbk&m;&Sionf om0wjd ynfoYkd <ucsD G f qdkufa&mufa wmfrlvm\/ xdktcg yaoe'D aumovrif ; onf bk & m;&S i f t xH a wmf o d k Y csOf;uyf avQmufxm;awmfrlav\/ ]]bk e f ; awmf B uD ; awmf r l a yxaom jrwfpGmbk&m;? t&Sifjrwfbk&m;onf twkr&Sd twdkif;rodaom oAnKwPfawmfjrwfudk trSefxdk;xGif;odjrifawmfrlay\avm}} ]]rif;Bu;D igonf oAnKwPfawmf jrwfukd rSepmpifppfyif odjrifawmfrayonfref f G l S \/}} ]]tdk bkef;awmf&Sifyif jrwfpGmbk&m; ocif? *dkPf;q&majcmufOD;wdkYonf tNcHt&H vnf;aumif;? a&mif&jJ cif;vnf;aumif;? tvdk h enf;jcif;vnf;aumif;? ud,t0wfruyf[ k f l vnf;aumif;? ausmapmMuyguke\/ vltaygif; f f wdkY\ aumif;csD;ay;rIudkvnf; cHMu&ygukef\/ odkYygaomf tjyifom ]]bk&m;}} [k qdkMuaomf vnf; wynhfawmf\ rsufarSmufrl ]]bk&m;}} [k rqdMk uyguke/ t&Sib&m;onfum; touf f f k t&G,ftm;jzihfvnf; i,fao;\/ &[ef;jzpf onfrSvnf; rMumjrihfao;? odkYtwGufaMumihf t&Sib&m;onf oAnKwPfawmfukd &onf f k [k 0efrcHvwHU[l wynhfawmfxifrdjcif;jzihf ar;avQmufrday\}} ]]rif;BuD; avmu txifrao;tyf aomt&m(4) &Sd\/ tb,fwdkYenf;[lrl(1) rif ; om;i,f u d k i,f \ [l txif a o;vsuf raxrJ h j rif r jyK&m/ (2) tqd y f x ef a oma>rud k wH j ruf p nf ; f d k ; rQ&S d \ [k txif a o;vsuf cEmudk,f ywfapjcif;? vQmudkudkufapjcif; jzih f raxrJ h j rif r jyK&m/ (3) rD ; ud k qD ; aph c ef Y o m&S d \ [l aqmh u pm;jcif ; jzih f raxrJ h j rif r jyK&mo wnf ; /}} (4) Op m "e<u,f 0 aom

q&mawmfBu;D rsm;\ Mo0g'

ESvkH;om; omoemh"rwnf&SdrS
vlom;rsm;onf ajcaxmufcicefY dk f rI ukd,fum,BuHhckdifawmifhwif;rIrsm;&SdygrS OD;acgif; armhNyD; wifhw,fvSyusufoa&&Sd ovkd? rdrd\ pifMu,foefY&Sif;aom ukd,frI? EIwrqi&m ]oDvomoem} pdwyi;f qki&m f I dk f f dk d f wnf M unf Nid r f o uf a t;csrf ; rI [ l a om ]orm"domoem}rsm; ukd,f,fcEm wnf&Sd jynf h p k H v mvQif avmuD ynm? avm ukw&mynm-[laom ]ynm omoemjynfpHk h &&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ Ak'jrwfpGm\ oDvorm"dynm omoemh"rrsm; vlom;wkdif;\ ESvkH;om; uk d , f c E m 0,f u d e f ; atmif ; jynf h 0 vmvQif Nidrf;csrf; om,maom urmavmuBuD; ay:aygufvmNy;D ow0gwki;f avmuqif;&J d oHo&mqif;&J tm;vkH;rS vGwfajrmufMu rd r d w k d Y & ,l c H p m;vk d M uaom csrf ; omok c t&omuk d tm;vk H ; tjynf h t 0cH p m; okH;aqmifMu&ygrnf/ xkaMumifh Ak'j rwfpm\ tqk;H tr d G oDvorm"dynmomoemh"rrsm; vlom;wki;f d \ ES v k H ; om; uk d , f u m, tNrJ x m0& wnfwhH jyefym;aeatmif BuKd ;pm;aqmif&uf Y G G Muyg/
b' E ukrm& (t*r[my@dw) 'kwd,ygarmucsKyfq&mawmf(pDrH) EkdifiHawmfy&d,wdoHCwuokdvf(&efukef)

&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf &J&ifhwnfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh b0ukd &ifqkdifvsuf atmifjrifpGmjzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY "r0D&*sme,f zwfMupkdU

PODIUM DHAMMA
"r0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,f tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

11

Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

urmavmu rmefrmerxm;oifh? tkdtaoruif;oifh aom yk*Kdvfxl;wkdYum; trd? tb? tpfukdBuD;? q&m? av;OD;wdkYESifh bk&m;? &[Em? yk*KdvfoljrwfwdkYjzpfMuonf/ a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;ocif yGifhawmfrlpOfumv wpf&Ha&m tcgu om0w d N rKd U tvG e f r meBuD ; aom rmex' t rnf & S d a om ykPm;wpfO;D onf jrwfpmbk&m;xHarSmufoom;a&muf &Sia*gwronf G Ydk G f igESipum;rajymygu iguvnf;olEipum;rajymayth[k rmefwif;xm; fh S fh H av\/ rmecJ y k P m ;BuD ; wpf a ,muf xkyPm;onf rdb? q&m? tpfuBdk u;D wktm; kao&Sc;dk avhr&S/ d k Yd d d d olwpfyg;u oltm; pum;rajymvQif oluvnf; pum;vkH;0rajym rqkdaomrmecJjzpfavonf/ yk P m ;rme axmif ; ueJ x avNyD jrwfpmbk&m;onf qdwqwaeaom xkyPm;tm; EIwquf G f d f d k f pum;aomfrQrajymbJ vspfvsLIxm;vdkufav\/ xkdtcg ykPm;onf rmeaxmif;ueJxvmavawmh\/ ]]tif;.... 'D&SifBuD;a*gwruvJ bmrQrodygvm;}} [k xjyefom;vkpwjf zpfay:vmav\/ xktcgjrwfpmbk&m;onf if;ykPm; G d d d G \pdwfukd odawmfrlatmufygtwkdif; pum;pawmfrlav\/ ]]ermeH jA[ P om"k ? tw d u D " jAm[ P ? a,e taw e tm*p d ? war0 tEk j AL[a,/ ]]tkd ykPm; vkdvm;csufwpfckjzifh vmaomoltm; rme jzpfjcif;onf tusKd;rNyD; tcsnf;ESD;jzpf raumif;yg? rcsD;rGrf;xkdufyg? xkdolonf ukd,fhvkdvm;csufukdom atmifjrifwkd;wwfatmif aqmif&Guf oifayonf/}} h yk P m ;BuD ; rmef u savNyD ykPm;onf tvGeftHhtm;oifh oGm;avNyD/ ]]tvkd.. &SiBf u;D a*gwru ighpwawG ukd tukeoaeyguvm;}} [k pdwMunfnKd d f f d f 0efcs xkdae&myif OD;acgif;TwfusKd; 0yfvQKd;NyD;vQif jrwfpGm bk&m;\ ajcawmfwkdYukd EIwfcrf;jzihfvnf; ikHpkyf\/ vufESpfzufjzihfvnf; yGwfe,f\/ rdrd\trnfukdvnf; avQmufxm;av\/ ]]t&S i f a *gwr tuREk f y f r mexef v S y g\/ t&S i f a *gwr tuREyrmexefvoygwnf;}} [k avQmufxm;avonf/ y&dowfwum; fk f S l Ydk kwfkwfoJoJtHhzG,fo&Jjzpfaeav\/ xk d t cg jrwf p G m bk & m;onf ]]tk d . . yk P m ; igh t ay: ,kHMunfjcif;jzpfoGm;NyD? qEvnf; jynhf0oGm;NyD? ukdif;..xygavmh? rdrdae&mrSm xkdifygavmh}} [k ESpfodrfhpum;jzihf rdefYMum;awmfrl\/ ykPm; onfvnf; rdrdae&mxkdifNyD;vQif okdYar;jref;avQmufxm;av\/

yk P m ;BuD ; \tar; (1) tb,folwdkYtay: rmefrmerjyKoifhygoenf;/ (2) tb,folwdkYtay: kdao&ygrnfenf;/ (3) tb,folwkdYonf ylaZmftyfaomolwdkY jzpfukefoenf;/ (4) tb,folwdkYonf aumif;pGmylaZmftyfaom olwdkYjzpfMuygukef oenf;/ jrwf p G m bk & m;\tajz (u) rmw&d yd w &d p myd ? taumaZ|rS d bmw&d ? tmp&d a , pwk w r S d / (c) awok ermeH u,d & mx? awok t o*g&a0g/ ws typd w m tk ? wsok t o*g&a0g/ (*) t&[aE oD w D b l a w? uwud a p tem oa0? ed [ p r meH txa' g ? awera tEk w a &/ (u) trd? tz? tpfukdBuD;? q&m yk*Kdvfav;OD; wkdY(c) 1/ rmefrmerjyK&m/ 2/ dkao&m\/ 3/ xkdyk*Kdvfav;OD;wdkYonf ylaZmftyfaom olwdkY aywnf;/ 4/ xkdyk*Kdvfav;OD;wkdYonf aumif;pGmylaZmftyfaomolwdkYaywnf;/ (*) ylaZmftxl;ukd cH,lxkdufukefaom udavom at;Nidrf;ukefaom &[ef;udpjyKNyD;ukefaom tmoa0guif;ukefaom jrwfaombk&m;/ &[Em (t&d,moHCm)wkdYukd rmefrmecs pdwf rcufxefbJ o'g&TifjrL; MunfEl;aysmhaysmif;pGm &Sdckd;&m\/ a'oemawmftqkH; xkdykPm;onf o&P*kHaqmufwnf OyoumtjzpfcH,loGm;av\/ rkH&GmNrKdU ta&SUv,fwDausmif;q&m awmfbk&m;BuD; t*r[m y@dw b'Euk@v\ r[mokw'DyeDusrf;ESihf o*gxm0* oH,kwf ygVdawmf jA[P0*fvm rmex'ykPm;0wKukd ukd;um; azmfjytyf ygonf/ rd b ? q&m? tpf u k d y g? av;jzmyk * v 0d a oo/ yk * K d v f a v;rsKd ; ? rmef T e f Y c sKd ; ? &S d c k d ; k d a oMu/ bk & m;? &[E m ? jrwf o H C m? jyKygenf ; y/ o*gxm0*f ? rd e f Y a wmf > ruf ? wpf o uf r S w f u k e f M u/ Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

NO DEATH, NO FEAR

12
aemuf a usmzk H ; rS

"r0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

When the rains had gone, returning on the same road one evening when the western sky was golden, one passed a young man carrying a fire in an earthenware pot. He was bare expect for his clean loin cloth and behind him two men were carrying a dead body.

The earth was clean again and in a few days it became astonishingly green. Things grew almost under your eyes, the sun would come and all the things of the earth would be sparkling.

ajrjyifwpfvTm;[mvJ wpfzefjyefvnfoefYpifvmNyD;wJhaemuf &uftenf;i,ftwGif;rSm tvGefYudk tHhMop&maumif;avmufatmif pdrf;vef;pdkajyvkdY vmOD;rSmjzpfygw,f/ IMunhfavwdkif; jrifjriforQ t&m &mwdkif;[m cifAsm;wdkY rsufpdatmufrSmwif BuD;xGm;zGHUNzdK;vkrwwf xGm;BuKd i;f vmMuwJtjyif rd;k wdwom;vdYk aewpfjyLxGuvmNyqonfEifh h f G f D kd S ajrjyifay:ut&mtm;vHk; &Tef;pdkawmufyvdkY vmMurSmjzpfygw,f/

rdk;&moDvJ ukefqHk;cJhavNyD/ taemufzufrS aumif;uifwpfcdk [m a&Ta&miftqif;eJY 0if;vufawmufyvdkYaew,f/ naecif;rSm tJ'D vrf;ray:udk wpfacgufxyfa&mufoGm;cJhygw,f/ ajrtdk;wpfvHk;xJrSm rD;awGudkxnfhNyD; o,f,lvmwJh vli,fwpfa,mufudk oGm;aecdkufrSm jrifawGUvdfkuf&w,f/ cg;pnf;0wfuvGJvdkY udk,ftxufydkif;rSm Avmusif; aewJh tJ'Dvli,f&JUtaemufuae uyfygvmwJh vlESpfa,mufu vlao Early in the morning there would be chanting and small tavmif;wpfavmif;udk o,faqmifvmMuw,f/
All were Brahmins, freshly washed, clean, holding themselves upright. The young man carrying the fire must have been the son of the deah man; they were all walking quite fast.

squirrels were all over the place. There were flowers every where, the wild ones and the cultivated, the jasmine, the rose and the marigold.

reufcif;cyfapmapm tcsdefawGrSmqdk&if y&dwfw&m;awmf &GwzwfoawGukd Mum;Mu&r,ftjyif? ae&mtESUH wdi;f rSm &SOi,fav;awG f H h k hf ajy;vTm;aqmhupm;aeMuwmawGudkvJ jrifMuawGUMu&rSmjzpfw,f/ tvm;wlae&mwdkif;vdkvkdrSm yef;aygif;pHk zl;yGihfa0qmaewm awGudkvJawGUjrifMu&rSmyg/ py,fyef;? ESif;qDyef;awGeJY rm&D*dk;qdkwJh *k wpduf pduysK;d xm;wJyef;yifawGeYJ tavhusaygufNy;D yGiz;l aewJh yef;rsK;d pHk k k f h fh wdkYudkvJ ae&mtESHUawGUjrifMu&ygw,f/
One day on the road that leads to the sea, walking under the plams and the heavy rain trees, looking at a thousand things, a group of children were singing, They seemed so happy, innocent and utterly unaware of the world.

olwdkYtm;vHk;[m jA[PykPm; vlrsKd;awGjzpfMuwJhtavsmuf olwdkY&JU udk,fcEmudk a&csKd;oefYpifxm;vdkY oefY&Sif;pifMu,faewJhtwGuf armharmh ausmausmu,ae[efxm;awGeYJ rwfaeMuw,f/ rD;td;k udk o,f h h kd f ,lvmwJhvli,f[m tckaoqHk;aeol&JU om;jzpfw,f/ olwdkYwpfawG[m cyfokwfokwfyJ avQmufoGm;Muw,f/
The body was going to be cremated on some secluded sands. It was all so simple, unlike the elabarate hearse, loaded with flowers, followed by a long line of polished cars or mourners walking behind the cofin; the dark blackness of it all. Or you saw a dead body, decently covered, being carried at the back of a bicycle to the sacred river to be burnt.

tJ'Dtavmif;[m vloleJYa0;&m oJaomifjyifwpfae&mrSm oN*K[fvdkY rD;avmifuRrf;oGm;awmhrSmyg/ 'gawGtm;vHk;[m dk;dk;pif;pif; uav;eJYyJ NyD;qHk;oGm;r,fh udpjzpfygw,f/ acgif;wvm;taemufu ajcvsifvdkufygydkYaqmifaeMuolawGeJY 'grSr[kwf ajymifvufawmufy aewJh a&mifpkHum;xef;&SnBf u;D awGeYJ vduygydaqmifNy;D yef;acGawGyef;jcif; k f Yk awG a0qmatmif wifaqmifxm;wJ tvGeftifrwefrS ZmcsJUwJh teuf One of them recognised us, came smiling and we walked a&mif vTrf;rdk;aewJh tokbtcrf;tem;wpf&yfeJYvJ rwlygbl;/ jrpfurf; hand in hand for some time. Neither of us said a word and as we wpfck&JU eHab;rSm rD;oN*K[fzkdY toihftwifhjyifqifxm;NyD; tavmif;udk came near her house she saluted and disappeared inside. pufbD;wpfpD;&JUtaemufrSm wif,lvmwJh tokbtcrf;tem;wpf&yfudk olwav;awGxu wpfa,mufu uReawmfwukd rSwraewm vJjrifawGUzl;MurSmyg/ Ydk J f Ykd f d rkYd tNyKH ;uav;eJY EIwqufvYkd avQmufvr;f vmcJygw,f/ 'geJyJ oluav; f S h Y Death is everywhere and we never seem to live with it. It eJYtwl vufcsif;qufvdkYwGJ,SufNyD; uRefawmfwdkY avQmufcJh&mrSm pum; is a dark; frightening thing to be avoided, never to be talked of. qdvYkd wpfce;f wpfyg'rS rajymrqdrMd uyJ oluav;&JU tdrem;a&mufawmh Keep it away from the closed door. But it is always there. k G k f The beauty of love is death and one knows neither. uRefawmfwdkYudk EIwfqufNyD; tdrfxJ0ifoGm;ygawmhw,f/ wpfaeYrSm yifv,fqDodkYoGm;&m vrf;rSm ywf0ef;usifjrifuGif; tESHYIMunhf&if; avQmufvSrf;vmcdkuf vrf;eHab; ukudKyifBuD;awGeJY ayyifawGatmufta&muf uav;i,fuav; wpfouf aw;oDcsi;f awG kd [pfauR;oDqdkaeMuwmudkawGUvdkuf&ygw,f/ olwkdYudkjrif&wm avmu BuD;wpfckvHk;udk vHk;0*krpdkufMubJ tjypfuif;pifaysmf&TifpGm aevdkufMu wm tm;usp&maumif;vkdufygbd/
The world and the family are going to destroy her and she will have children too, cry over them and in the cunning ways of the world they will be destroyed.But that evening she was happy and eager to share it by holding a hand. Death is pain and love is pleasure and the two can never meet; they must be kept apart and the division is the pain and agony. This has been from the beginning of time, the division and the endless conflict.

urmavmueJY rdom;pktodut0ef;awG tm;vH;k u oluav; k f udk 0dkif;0ef;zsufqD;ypfMuawmhr,f/ oluav;[m om;awG orD;awGvJ &vmawmhr,f/ tJ'D om;orD;awGtwGufaMumihfvJ idka<u;&OD;r,f/ avmu&JU rm,mawmBuD;xJrSm tJ'Duav;awGvJyJ wpfzefzsufqD;cH Mu&OD;rSmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh tJ'naecif;rSmawmhjzih&if oluav;[m aysmf D f &TifMunfEl;vdfkYaeygw,f/ vufcsif;qufvdkY wGJ,SufNyD; naeqnf;qm tvSudk rQa0cHpm;zdkY pdwftm;xufoefaeygw,f/

aojcif;w&m;u ae&mwdkif;rSm&Sdae,fqkdayr,fh uRefawmfwkdY u tJ'Daojcif;w&m;eJY twl,SOfwGJraeEkdifMuygbl;? vlwkdif;vdkvkdu zJMuOfjcif;cH&wJh pum;pyfvkdYawmifajymqdkjcif;r&SdwJh rdkufarSmif xdwf vefYp&maumif;wJht&myg/ vlawG[m tdrfwHcg;awGudk tvHkydwfNyD; aojcif;w&m;eJY a0;a0;rSm aevdkMuayr,fh aojcif;w&m;u tpOftNrJ wHcg;0rSm apmihfaeqJygyJ/ wu,fawmh cspfjcif;w&m;eJY aojcif;w&m;wkdY&JU tvSw&m; [m rsOf;NydKifwpfaMumif;yJqdkwmudk odyfrodMuygbl;/ aojcif;w&m;u

NO DEATH, NO FEAR
"r0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

13

'ku? cspfjcif;w&m;u okc? 'DESpfck[m b,faomtcgrS rqHkqnf;EkdifMu wJh t&myJjzpfw,f/ tcsdefwnf;[laom umvuae vGefajrmufwJhtcg ygbl;? wpfoD;wjcm;pDjzpfygw,f/ ydkif;jcm;xm;wJhe,fedrdwfu emusifrIeJY rS aojcif;qkdwmvJ r&Sdawmhygbl;/ 'gjzihf bm&SdovJqdk&if cspfjcif;? a0'emwdjYk zpfygw,f/ 'g[m tcseumvpwnf uwnf;u jzpfwnfvm arwmw&m;om&SdaerSmjzpfygw,f/ d f The western sky had lost its colour and just over the wJh ydkif;jcm;rIeJY tqHk;rJh y#dyutoGifaqmifaecJhMuwmjzpfw,f/
There will always be death for those who do not see that the observer is the observed, the experiencer is the experienced. It is like a vast river in which man is caught, with all his worldly goods, his vanities, pains and knowledge. Unless he leaves all the things he has accumulated in the river and swims ashore, death will be always at his door, waiting and watching. When he leaves the river there is no shore, the bank is the word, the observer. horizon was the new moon. Young, shy and tender. On the road everything seemed to be passing, marrage, death, the laughter of children and someone sobbing. Never the moon was a single star.

Iol[m tIcHjzpfovdk? awGUBuHKoluyJ tawGUtBuHKjzpf w,fqdkwmudk rodrjrifolawG tzdkYawmh aojcif;[m tNrJwap &Sdae rS m jzpf w ,f / jrpf w pf p if ; eJ Y v J yrmwl y gw,f / tJ ' D j rpf a MumrS m vl w pf a ,muf [ m ol Y & J U avmuD O p m &wemawG ? emusif r I a wG ? todftjrifA[kokwawGeJYtwl pD;arsmvdkY aeygw,f/ at;...olpkaqmif;zufwG,fxm;wJh t&mawGtm;vHk;udk pGefY ypfNyD; urf;pyfqD rul;cwfbl;qdk&ifawmh aorif;[m olYwHcg;0uae tNrJwrf; apmihfqdkif;vdkY MunhfIaerSmjzpfw,f/ wu,fvdkY olu jrpfudk pGecmcJNh yq&ifawmh urf;qdwmvJ r&Sawmhygbl;? urf;qdwm[m a0g[m Yf G D kd k d k &pum;tvdkt& ]Iol}oufoufyJjzpfygw,f/
He has left everything, the river and the bank, For the river is time and the banks are the thought of time: the river is the movement of time and thought is of it. When the observer leaves everythig which he is, hten the observer is not. This is not death. It is the timeless. You cannot know it, for what is known is of time; you cannot experience it: recognition is made up of time. Freedom from the known is freedom from time.

taemufzufaumif;uifwpfckdrSm qnf;qma&mifrsm; uG,f aysmuf N yD ; rd k ; uk w f p uf 0 d k i f ; xuf r S m awmh xG e f ; opf p vuav;[m ysKdjrpfEke,f &SufaoG;<u,frIawGa&m,SufaewJh odrfarGUrI? rl,m[efeJY vkyvvyv&e;f opfawmufyvdaew,f/ vrf;rBu;D awGay:rSmawmhum f D k f hJ T Yk xdrf;jrm;vufxyfMuwmawG? aoqHk;aeMuwmawG? uav;oli,fav; awG&UJ &,f&ijf rL;wl;[pfusL;oHawGetwl wpfO;D wpfa,mufaom ol&UJ T YJ idka<u;aeoHawGu t&mtm;vHk;uG,fyaysmufqHk;oGm;NyDqkdwmudk azmfjy aeMuovm;yJ/ rdk;ukwfpuf0dkif;xufu xGef;opfpvuav;&JUtyg;rSm awmh wpfckwnf;aom aiGMu,fuav; wpfyGihf&,fyg.../ (tdEd,awG;ac: ynm&Sif c&pf&Sem;rl&fwD;\ Daily diary Journal rS rSwfpkrSwfwrf;wpfyk'fudk xkwfEIwf jyefqdkygonf/) 'DZifbm 23 &ufaeYwGifusa&mufaom touf (80)jynhf ywjrm;&wkarG;aeY&Sif tcspf&qHk;i,foli,fcsif;twGuf ]r*Fvm"r vufaqmifrGef}jzpfygapvdkY ... [H o m0wD O D ; tk e f ; Bud K if

ig;yg;yoD
olrsm;towf? igrowf[k pGJrSwfykdif;xm;? a&SmifvkdY&Sm;rnf rSwfom;pdwfrSm? NrJNrHpGmjzifh ygPmwduH? apmifhpnf;r,f/ / ukd,fh&JUpD;yGm;? Opmrsm;ukd olrsm;ckd;,l? aMumufwwfolrkdY rsm;vla&Smif&Sm;? NrJrSwfom;vkdY t'dE'gem? uHxdef;r,f// vlwkdif;cspfcif? jrwfEkd;Muifem cifrifESpfouf? "rpufrkdY xdef;vsufa&Smif&Sm;? tdrf,mrsm;ukd umarokrdpm? xdef;odrf;yg/ / vdrfnmvSnfhjzm;? EIwfpum;ukd trSm;a&Smif&Sm;? owdxm; ajymMum;rSef&m? ajymqkdumjzihf rkom0g'g? apmihfxdef;yg/ / bdef;aq;t&uf? aoapwwfonf a&Smifvsufrl;,pf? uif;pifjypfzkdY tjrpfrusef? wkdYwGef;vSefrnf ol&mar&,? apmifhpnf;Mu/ / Ak d v f a omif ; ({'if )

ol u jrpf a &m urf ; yg t&mtm;vH k ; ud k pG e f Y y pf c J h y gw,f / wu,fawmh jrpfqdkwm[m tcsdefumvjzpfw,f/ urf;qdkwmuvJ tcseumveJY ,SOpyfaewJtawG;? jrpfu tcseumv&JU vIy&m;rIoabm d f f h d f f S tawG;u tJ'Dumv vIyf&Sm;rIeJY,SOfwJht&momjzpfw,f/ Iolu t&mtm;vHk;udk pGefYypfvkdufNyD;wJhaemufrSmawmh Iol qdwmvJ r&Sawmhygbl;/ tJ'tajc[m aojcif;r[kwawmhygbl;? umv k d D f u okO;f qdwom;wJh umvrJh (tumvdu) oabmjzpfygw,f/ tcseqkd f G d f wJh umvw&m;tay: wnfraewmudom odjrifEiMf uwJtwGuf umv DS k dk h u okOf;qdwfoGm;wJh umvrJhoabmudk rodrjrifEkdifMuwmjzpfw,f/ udk,fwdkif udk,fawGU rawGUrBuHKrjrif&&if b,fvdkrS em;vnfEkdifr,fh oabmr[kwygbl;/ tawGUtBuKH awGaMumihf cHpm;od&em;vnfaeMuwm f dS awG[m wu,fawmh umvoabmw&m;&JU zefwD;csufawGyJjzpfw,f/ rSwfrdod&Sdem;vnfaejcif;uae vGwfajrmufrSom tcsdefwnf;[laom umvoabmuae vGwfajrmufwmjzpfw,f/
Immortality is not the word, the book, the image, you have put together. The soul, the 'me' , the atman is the child of thought which is time. When time is not then death is not love is.

trwqdkwJh raojcif;(xm0&&Sifoefaejcif;)oabmqdkwm [m vlwYkd zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufxm;wJh ynwfr[kwb;l / usr;f pmtkyawG f f vJr[kwfbl;? yHk&dyfoPmefwpf&yfvJr[kwfbl;? 0dnmOf? ig? tw? tw ed,qdkwmawG[m tcdsefumv oabmjzpfwJh tawG;uae arG;zGm;vm

TALK ON THE DHAMMA

14

"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

bk&m;tavmif;awmf qHrkwfqdwfy,fonfqdk&m0,f EIwfcrf;arG;usefonfqdkpum; rSefygovm;

cif a rmif r d k ; (awmif B uD ; )

odkYES,fBuHzef ajymqdkMuaompum;onf rrSefyg/ tavmif;awmfrif;om; taemfrmjrpfurf; qHawmfy,f&mwGif? rkwfqdwf awmf? EIwfcrf;arG;awmfrsm;yg y,fygonf/ pum;onfum; tajztusOf;jzpfonf/ auorH k M o[ma&wG m jrwfpGmbk&m;tavmif;awmf qHawmfy,fcef;? &[ef;avmif;rsm; &[ef;jyKawmfrlcef;? omraPavmif;rsm; &SifomraPjyKcef;rsm;udk jyqdkaom ygVdawmft|uxmwdkYwGif ]]auorHk Mo[m,}} [kvnf;aumif;? ]]auorHk Mo[ma&wGm}} [lvnf;aumif; azmfjyav onf/ I w f I w f a xG ; axG ; EI w f c rf ; arG ; jyem xdkygVdawmfwdkY? auo-teufum; qHyif[k xif&Sm;yg\/ rHk- udktcsdKUu rkwfqdwfarG;udkom ,lvdk\/ tcsdKUu rkwfqdwfarG;ESihf usifpG,f[kac:qdkaom EIwfcrf;arT;udk ,lvdkMuavonf. rk o ' g teuf a umuf , l M uyH k r sm; xdkYaMumifh? rk-o'gtwGuf teuf,lzdkY IwfaxG;cJhMu&mrS? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif "ruxdu EIwfcrf;arT;w&m;a[mudk,fawmftcsdKUay: xGufcJhMuao;\/ rk- o'gteufaumufMuyHkrsm;udk avhvmrSwfom; oihfonf[k xifjrifrdyg\/ rk o ' g teuf a umuf y H k tqH k ; tjzwf ]]rk0kwHykrrkac}} [l ygVdtbd"mef 295 *gxmyg'wGif azmfjyonf/ teufjyefaomf? ykrrkac- a,musfm;wdkY\rsufESm? (0g) a,musfm;wdkY\ cHwGif;teD;w0dkuf ywf0ef;usif? (avmrH-tarG;udk) rk rk[l? (0g) rkwfqdwfusifpG,f[l? 0kwH- qdktyf\/ teuf tbd"meftvdk? eyHk;vdifrko'gonf rkwfqdwf (ar;yg;rsdKif; aygufaomtarG;) udkvnf;aumif;? EIwfcrf;arG;? usifpG,farG; (txufEIwfcrf; aygufaomtarG;) udkvnf;aumif;a[monf[k rSwftyf\/ awmif a yguf t bd " mef e d ,opf t qH k ; tjzwf tbd"mef usifpG,farG;? EIwfcrf;arG; oufoufa[maom 'gXD 'gXdum o'grsm;rvmr&Sdyg/ if;wdkYudk qdktyfaomenf;tm;jzihf odtyf\/ 'gyD- 'gydu- a'oDbmomjzpfaom? [dEDbmomudk rm*" bmomjyefonf&Sdaomf 'gXD? 'gXdumjzpf\/ rko'goufoufjzpfrl rkwfqdwfESifhusifpG,fESpfrsdK;pvHk;udk a[m\/ rkESifh'gXD? rkESifh 'gXdum ESpfrsdK;wGJrl? rko'gu rkwfqdwf oD;oefYteufxGuf? 'gXD? 'gXdum o'gwdkYu usifpG,farG; (EIwfcrf;arG;) teufudk a[m\/ (if; ed,- 158) qH ? rk w f q d w f ? usif p G , f o H k ; rsd K ;pvH k ; y,f o nf tavmif;awmfqHawmfy,fcef;? &[ef;avmif;rsm; &[ef;jyKcef; ygVdt|uxmwdkY ]]auorHk Mo[m,? Mo[ma&wGm}} [k rk o'g oufoufudkomqdk\/ rko'gjzihf rkwfqdwfarG;? usifpG,farG;? (EIwfcrf;arG;) wdkYudk ,l&rnfjzpf? qH? rkwfqdwf? usifpG,foHk;rsdK;pvHk; y,fum &[ef;jyKonf[k rSwf,l&rnfjzpfonf[k qdkawmfrlygonf/ rkcedrk 'gXduH? rk'gXdum OyZEd/ c&wr 'gXd H? Ce rk0EH/ txufyg ygVdjykyfoHk;XmewdkY? rko'gESihf 'gXD- 'gXdum wGJ vmaomaMumihf? rko'gESihf rkwfqdwfarG;oufoufudk,l/ 'gXD'gXdumo'gwdkYjzihf usifpG,farG; (EIwfcrf;arG;) oufoufudkom ,ltyf avonf/ rk o a' g ? au0avm? rk w f q d w f u sif p G , f a [m/ rk ' gXD ? wG J u NyD ? ES p f v D c G J a[m/ xdkYaMumihf jrwfpGmbk&m;tavmif;awmf qHawmfy,faomtcg? qHawmf? rkwfqdwfawmf? usifpG,fawmftm;vHk;udk y,fawmfrlonf[k rSwf ,l&ygrnf[k rHk&GmNrdKU? ta&SUv,fwDausmif;wkduf? y"meem,uq&mawmf bk&m;BuD; t*r[my@dwb'Euk@v\ r[mokw'DyeDusrf; wwd,wGJwGif rdefYqdkawmfrlonfudk rSwfom;azmfjytyfygonf/ cif a rmif r d k ; (awmif B uD ; )

DHAMMA TALKS
"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

15

tbd"rma'oemawmf ukodkvfudk OD;pGma[m&jcif;rSm

{'if - aomif ; ZH tbd"rmckepfusrf;wdkY\ tOD;tp "rcEmygVdawmfonfum; ukovm"rmjzpfavonf/ a*gwrjrwfpmbk&m;onf ckepf0gajrmuf 0gqdk G 0guyfawmfrlrnhf? r[mou&mZf 110 ckESpfwGif? wm0wd Homewfjynf r,fawmfjzpfcJhzl;aom oEKodwewfom;udk trSL;xm;vsuf? pMu0Vm wduwpfaomif;rS a&mufvmMuaom ewfjA[mtaygif;wdtm; tbd"rm k f Yk a'oemawmfudk a[mMum;awmfrlonf/ tbd " r m a[mMum;awmf r l & mwG i f xdkewfjA[my&dowftaygif;wdkYonf jrwfpGmbk&m;tbd"rm a'oema[mMum;awmfrl&m wm0wd Homewfjynf rqefYEdkifavmuf atmifrsm;jyvSonfjzpf? pMu0VmwHwkdif;txd tjyefYtESHYwnf w&m;awmfudk em,lMuavonf/ tvGefwefcdk;BuD;Muaom ewfjA[mwdkY onf om;NrD;zsm;xdyf0yrmPrQom&Sdaom aumif;uifae&mwpfae&m ? 16-a,muf? 32-a,muf? 64-a,mufxdkif w&m;em,lEdkifMu&ef rdrd wdkY\ udk,fcEmudk tvGefao;i,fpGmzefqif;Muvsuf ae&m,lMuNyD; w&m;awmfudk em,lMuukef\/ uk o vm"r m tpjzmaom a'oem jrwfpmbk&m;&Siu,awmfwif tbd"rma'oemawmfukd a[m G f kd f dk Mum;awmfrlrnfjzpf w&m;awmfemewfjA[my&dowftaygif;wdkYonf txl;tmHpu emaeMupOf? ]]ukovm"rm}} [laom tbd"rma'oem k kd f ygVdawmftpcsDonhf "rcEmw&m;awmfudk a[mMum;awmfrlavonf/ xdkw&m;awmfoHonf? t*Fg&SpfpHk *kPfawmfwdkYESihf jynhfpHkaomtoHjzihf vTrf;NcHK? w&m;em ewfjA[my&dowfwdkYtm; ysHUESHYoGm;av\/ uk o d k v f u d k OD ; pG m a[mawmf r l j cif ; taMumif ; tbd"rma'oemygVdawmftp ukovm"rm[laom ukovf kd w&m;udk a&S;OD;pGm a[mawmfrl&jcif;taMumif;rSm? 'Gm&tEk#Dum,rdkuf u@dpmrsufESm- 628 t& azmfjy&ygaomf? ]]y"me? ygoHo? ,? [dwbm0awm? ukovm"rm yXrH 0kwm}} [k qdkygonf/ qdkvdk&if;ygVdawmfudk teufzGihfqdk&ygaomf? (1) y"me-jy"mef; aomaMumihfvnf;aumif;? (2) ygoHo-csD;rGrf;tyfaomaMumihfvnf; aumif;? (3) ,-ow0gwdEifh oihavsmaomaMumifvnf;aumif;? (4) Yk S f f h [dwbm0awm-ow0gwdkY\tusdK;pD;yGm;udk aqmifwwfaomaMumifh vnf;aumif;? ]]ukovm"rm}} [laom ygVdawmfudk? odkYr[kwf ukodkvf w&m;wdkYudk tbd"rmusrf;OD;tp a[mawmfrltyfygonf/ if;yk'fwdkYudk xyfqifh &Sif;vif;wifjy&ygaomf atmufygtwkdif; rSwfom;&ygonf/ (1) uk o d k v f w &m; y"mejzpf y H k bk&m;? yapuAk'g ? &[Emt&d,myk*Kd vw\ psmef? tbdnmOf? f Ykd r*f? zdkvf? ypa0uPmPf? y#dord'gPf? oAnKwPf ponf? okcy#dy'gcdygbdn{w'*fbGJUxl;? {[dbduKtjzpfpaom avmuDavm ukw&m "rqkdif&m *kPfxl;bGJUxl; 0daootm;vHk;twGuf r[mukodkvf onf y"mejzpfonf/ (ly? tly? r*fukodkvfonf tenf;tusOf;rQom y"mejzpf\)/ avmubufvnf; jA[mrif;? ewfrif;? odMum;rif;? pMumrif;? {u&mZf? ya'o&mZfrif;wdkY\ pnf;pdrfcsrf;om? olaX;ol<u,fpaom olwdkY\ pD;yGm;Opm &&Sda&;twGufvnf;? r[mukodkvfonf y"mejzpf\/ xdkukodkvfjyK &,lMu&\/ txuf azmfjycJhaom lyukodkvfonf tbdnmOfudkvnf; aumif;? jA[mjynfjzpfjcif;udvnf;aumif; aus;Zl;jyKEi\/ tlyukovf k dk f kd onf tbdnmOf\tajccHudkvnf;aumif;? tlybHk jzpfjcif;udkvnf; aumif; aus;Zl;jyKEkdif\/ r*fukodkvfonf udavomy,fjcif;udkvnf;aumif;? edAmefudk rsufarSmufjyKjcif;udkvnf;aumif;? zdkvfw&m;udkvnf;aumif;? bk&m;? yapuAk'gwdkY\ *kPorwdudkvnf;aumif; aus;Zl;jyK\/ r[mukodkvf avmuf t&mrus,facs/ onfum; avmuD? avmukw&mbufpHk pnf;pdrfusufoa&r*FvmwdkY\ y"mejzpfyHkwnf;/ (2) uk o d k v f w &m;csD ; rG r f ; xd k u f y H k ukodkvfonf jytyfNyD;aom tusdK;w&m;wdkYudk jzpfapwwf aomaMumihf tvGecs;D rGr;f xdu\/ cs;D rGr;f Mu&rnhw&m;rsm;wGif ukovf f k f f kd onf xdyfwef;u wnf&Sd\/ rm bdua0 yknmeH bm,dw- &[ef;wdkY ukodkvfjyK&mrSm raMumufMuESihf/ okcawH t"d0peH? | uE remy? ,'d'H yknmeDwd- ukodkvfawGqdkwm vdkvm;ESpfoufjrwfEdk;tyfaom csrf;om\ taMumif;&if;trnfjzpfonf[k jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ukodkvf w&m;ESihfpyf csD;rGrf;awmfrlonf[k wd0kwfygVdawmf azmfjyygonf/ ykna yk&daom u,d&m- ukodkvfaumif;rIwckckjyKrdatmif jyKav/ u,d&meH ykeyKeH- jyKNyD;aomtcg ukodkvfudkomxyfum jyKygav/ wrSdqEHu,d&mx- taMumif;rnD? jyKOD;rnf? BuHpnfpdwfapm av/ okacg ykn Opa,m- ukodkvfpkrS? csrf;om&? Ak'a[m >rufay/ ("ry'ygVd? vmZmewforD;0wK) uJhodkYvnf; Ak'jrwfpGmonf ukodkvfudk csD;rGrf;awmfrl\/ onfum; umr? ly? tly? r*fukodkvf\ txl;ojzihf ra&myPmo"r r[mpdwrnfaom r[mukodkvftwGuf csD;rGrf;yHkay wnf;/ (3) ukodkvfonf ow0gwdkYESihf oihfavsmfyHk ow0gwdkYonf qdk;usdK;udk tvdkr&Sd? aumif;usdK;udkom tvdk&Sd Mu\/ ukovonf qd;k usKd ;udy,fwwf\/ aumif;usKd ;udk jzpfapwwf\/ kd f k xdkYaMumihf? ukodkvfonf ow0gwdkYESihfoifhavsmfaom w&m;jzpf\/ ukodkvfonf qkwf,kwfysufpD;jcif;udk umuG,fay;wwf\/ xdkYxuf Bu;D yGm;csr;f omjcif;udk jzpfapwwf\/ qif;&J'uukd y,fwwf\/ csr;f om k okcukd jzpfapwwf\/ avmu"H&pyg;wdwi?f raumif;aomavmu"Hav;yg;udy,f? S f Yk G k aumif;aomavmu"Hav;yg;udk jzpfapwwf\/ xdkYaMumifh ukodkvfonf

THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

16
aemuf a usmzk H ; rS

"r0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/ tvS L wpf c k jzpf a jrmuf z d k Y q d k w m cuf c J y gw,f / vS L r,h f tvSL&Sif[m vSLzG,fypnf;ay:rSm wG,fwmrufarmrI avmbjzpfae jyef&ifvJ rvSLjzpfawmhygbl;/ vSLzG,f0wKypnf;tay:rSm wG,fwm rufarmrI r&SdwJh tavmbpdwfjzpfay:vmrSom vSLjzpfygw,f/ 'DvaMumifh vSLzG,0wKypn;f rSm rvdcsi?f rrufarm? rwyfruf kd f k rI tavmbuvJ tvSLjzpfajrmuf&ef taNcHcHtaMumif;jzpfaejyefyg w,f/ 'gaMumihf? tvSLjzpfajrmufaMumif; tavmbudkvJ 'gevdkY ac:& ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm zGihfqdkazmfjyvdkwmu? avmb kwJh oabmjzpfyg avmbqd w,f/ avmb (Lobha) qdkwJh ygVdpum;&JUteufu? (1) vdkcsifwyfruf jcif;? wPSm/ (1) Craving; tanha jzpfygw,f/ (2) avmbapwoduf . w&m;/ tukodkvfapwoduf 14-yg;rSwpfyg;/ (qEum; tmHkudk tvdk &SdumrQoabm/ avmbum; tmHk tvGefuyfNidjcif;oabm/) (2)
avariciousness that constitutes one of the 14 concomitants of immoral consciousness (chanda applies to a longing for some sensual gratification while lobha indicates an inordinate and consuming attachment for it.)

Charity is like a love philtre and brings all kinds of benifit.

]]'D,awrdemwd'geH}} ay;vSLaMumif;apwemudk 'gevdkY ac:ygw,f/ rdrd&JU vSLzG,f0wKypnf;udk olwpfyg;tm; ay;vSLvdkolrSm ay;vdkwJhapwem&SdrSom vSLjzpfay;jzpfygw,f/ apwemr&Sd&if rvSLjzpf? ray;jzpfyg/ 'gaMumifhapwemu ay;jzpfvSLjzpf&ef tajccHtaMumif; jzpfaeygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifhvJyJ ay;vSLjzpfwJhapwemudk 'gevdkY ac:qdk Muwmjzpfygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm apwemqdkwJh pum;vHk;eJYywfoufvdkY tenf;i,f &Sif;jyzdkYvdkr,fxifygw,f/ apwemqdkwmu aphaqmfwdkufwGef;wwfwJh w&m;/ olwpfyg;tusdK;udkvdkvm;wJhoabmxm;/ oabm? qEudkqdkvdk - k ygw,f/ tJ'Dapwem cetana qdwmudk t*Fvyvu volition vdYk oH;k yg d f kd w,f/ apwem- apwodu?f aphaqmfwuwe;f wwfwoabmw&m;/ kd f G hJ jyKjyifp&ifwwfwoabmw&m; Mental concomitant of volition. That D hJ which motivates action jzpfygw,f/ aumif;wJtrI? raumif;wJtrIawGukd jyKvy&mrSm? tJ'apwem h h k f D [m t&if;cHy"meuswmaMumih?f 'DapwemudyJ uH-urvYkd jrwfpmbk&m; k G a[mfawmfrlygw,f/
Cetana is called kamma because it is the basic principle in doing actions whether good or bad. tJ'Dapwemqdkwm[m oHk;rsdK;&Sdygw,f/ Cetana is of three parts.

(1) k (1) ykAapwem- rvSLrDa&SUydi;f umv jzpfay:aomapwem/

(1) Pubba-cetana - that arise before giving.

(2) rkapwem- ay;vSLaeqJumv jzpfay:aeaom apwem/

(2) Munca-cetana- that arises in the act of giving. (3)Apara-cetana - that arises after giving.

(3) ty&apwem- vSLNy;D aemufyi;f umv jzpfaomapwem/ kd

vdkcsifjcif;? rufarmjcif;? wyfrufjcif;avmboabmawG tBudrfrsm;pGm? t[kefjyif;pGm pdwfrSmjzpfay:aewmudkawmh avmbaZm wdkufaewmvdkY ajymygw,f/ ygVdvdku avmbZ0ejzpfygw,f/ t*Fvdyf vduawmh lobhajavana- impulsion of untrammeled greed vdYk ajymyg k w,f/ tJ'DvSLr,hf0wKypnf;tay:rSm tvGefYtvGefudk wyfrufarm aewJhoabmudkawmh? avmvky- tvGefwyfrufarmjcif;/ avmvky Yk wPSm loluppa- inordinate craving vdac:ygw,f/ 'DvdkcsifwyfrufarmwJh avmboabmufdk jzpfay:apwJh rlv taMumif;&if;pdwfudk avmbrlvpdw lobhamulacitta vdkY ac:qdkNyD;? jrwfpmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrwhJ tbd"rma'oemawmfrmawmh 'Dpwukd G l S d f avmbo[*wpd w &,fvdkY? avmbapwodufeJYtwljzpfwJhpdwf? wenf;avmbrlpdwf? wenf; avmbo[*kwfpdwfvdkY a[mawmfrlyg BuD; wr'g|duonf t&Sifom&dykw&mrax&fjrwfBuD;tm; qGrf;vSL? w&m;tenf;i,fem&aom ukodkvfaMumihf? tyg,frusawmhyJ ewfjynf a&muf&SdoGm;av\/ aovQif tyg,fusawmhrnhf 'Gef;p@m;rBuD;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; vuftkyfwpfcsD&Sdcdk;&aomukodkvfaMumifh tyg,f rusawmh y J ewf j ynf o d k Y a &muf o G m ;\/ aovQif tyg,f u srnh f r|uk@vDvkifonf ao&manmifapmif; avsmif;puf&if; qGrf;cH<uvm awmf r l a om jrwf p G m bk & m;tm; vuf t k y f w pf c sD u k o d k v f a Mumif h tyg,frvm;yJ ewfjynf odkYa&muf&av\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; c&D;BudKydkY tNrJ&Sdcdk;avh&Sdaom a0'Du awmifrS zD;uGuiuonf aoaomtcg ewfjynfa&muf? jrwfpmbk&m; f S f G udk,fawmfwkdifu iSufonf urmwpfodef;vGefaomtcg aomre rnfaom yapuAk'gjzpfvwHU[k Asm'dwfpum; rdefYMum;awmfrl\/ uJoYkd tp&Saom 0wKoufaoom"ursm;pGmwdukd axmuf h d Yk xm; ukovonf ow0gwd\ tusKd ;pD;yGm;rsm;aqmif&uyukd odrwf kd f Yk G f kH S Mu&m\/ onfum; ukovonf ow0gwd\ tusKd ;pD;yGm;udk aqmif kd f Yk &GufyHkrsm;jzpfaMumif; a&;om;wifjytyfygonf/

ow0gwdkYESihf oifhavsmfqHk;jzpfaom tm;udk;tm;xm;&mw&m;jzpf\/ ukodkvfonf te0ptjypfvnf;r&Sd/ okc0dygu aumif;aomtusdK;udk vnf;jzpfapwwf\/ xdkYaMumifh ukodkvfonf ow0gwdkYESihf oifhavsmf aomw&m;jzpf\/ ow0gwdkYESihftoifhavsmfqHk;aom "raq;0g;vnf; jzpfavonf/ tar;wpf u k a # tajzwpf c suf [ l o nf E S i h f t nD OpmaygcsifvQif ukodkvfvkyf/ kyfacsmcsifvQif ukodkvfvkyf/ trsm;cspapcsivQif ukovvy/ trsKd ;jrwfcsivQif ukovvy/ xifay: f f kd f k f f kd f k f csivQif ukovvy/ atmifap? ykiap? EdiapvdvQif ukovvyf ponf f kd f k f d f k f k kd f k jzihf ukodkvfonf ow0gwdkYESifhoifhavsmfaom ow0gwdkY\tBudKufudk aqmifEdkifaom w&m;xl; 0daoojzpfonf/ onfum; ukodkvfonf ow0gwdkY oihfavsmfyHkjzpfonf/ 4/ uk o d k v f o nf ow 0 gwd k Y \ tpD ; tyG m ;ud k aqmif & G u f y H k ukodkvfonf tpD;tyGm;udk aqmif&Gufay;yHkum;? ty'gef? "r y' paom ygVdawmfBuD;rsm; tvGefyifxif&Sm;vS\/ tenf;i,frQ 'ge? oDv? bm0empaom ukodkvfuav;rsm;aMumifh tusdK;pD;yGm;jzpfoGm;Mu yHkrsm;rSm tvGeftHhMop&mrsm;yif aumif;vSayonf/ ESpaygif;ajcmufq,fMumatmif vlowfcaom vlowform; f hJ

THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE
"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/ w,f/ tJ'D lobhasahagatacitta:- Consciousness arising out of a

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bk&m; tp&SdawmfrlwJh ynm&SdolawmfoljrwfawGu rdefYqdkawmfrlMuyg mental state of unbecoming passion (such as greed, craving and w,f/ lust). tvSL'geeJY pyfqdkifwJhpum; ajymqdkMuwmudk 'geuxm (datJ'avmbo[*wpdwqwhJ avmbo[*kwpw[m tbd na katha - a talk concerning charity) vdkY rdefYqdkygw,f/ D kd f d f "rmtvdkt& pdwf (8) yg;&Sdygw,f/ lobhasahagatacitta eight kinds 'Dvkd 'gejyKMu&mrSm ,ckrsuarSmufb0rSmyif csucsi;f vufiif; f f
are enumerate:-

(1) aomreo[*kwf? 'd|d*wor,kwf? tocFg&du pd w f - 1/

. . (1) Somanasa- sahagatam dit thigatasampayuttam . . . asankharikam -pleasurable consciousness arising out of erroneous views spontaneously;

tusdK;ay;EdkifwJh t*Fg (4) yg;&Sdw,fvdkY a[mawmfrlygw,f/

charitable acts which bear immediate consequences have the four following characteristics:-

'gejyK&mrS m ,ck b 0csuf c sif ; tusd K ;ay;Ed k i f a omt*F g rsm; 1/ yp,"rdu- pifMu,faom0wKypnf;jzpfjcif;/
1. paccaya dhammika- the gift being free of any taint. 2. Cetana mahatta- mobility of volition before, during and after the act.

(2) aomreo[*kwf? 'd|d*wor,kwf? oocFg&du pd w f - 1/

. . 2. Somanasa- sahagatam dit t higatasampayuttam .. . . sasankharikam -pleasurable consciousness arising out of erroneous views and from being prompted by an external agency;

2/ apwem r[w- apwemoHk;wefvGefuJ rGefjrwfjcif;/

3/ *kPmwda&u- tvSLcHyk*dKvf*kPftm;jzihf vGefuJrGefjrwf aom tem*grf? &[Emjzpfjcif;/ (3) aomreo[*k w f ? 'd | d * w0d y , k w f ? tocF g &d u

pd w f - 1/

. . . 3. Somanasa- sahagatam ditthigatasvipayuttam asankha .. . -rikam-pleasurable consciousness arising spontaneously and not rooted in erroneous views.

3. gunatireka- The recipient being an arahat of supreme . - saintliness known as anagami or Non-Returner.

4/ 0wKorw-xdtem*grf &[Emt&Sijf rwf eda&m"ormywfrS d k xcdkufESihf BuHKBudKufjcif;[l jynhfpHkjcif; or'gw&m; (4) yg;ESifh (4) aomreo[*k w f ? 'd | d * w0d y , k w f ? oocF g &d u jynfhpHk&onf/
4. vatthu sampatti- the said arhat being just emerged from a session of nirodha samapatti; the attainment of ceasing the flow of consciousness. tvSLtusdK; (5) yg; five Adventage of Dama.

pd w f - 1/

. . . . 4. Somanasam- sahagatam ditthigatarivipayuttam sasn.. . kha rikam -pleasurable consciousness prompted by an external agency and not rooted in erroneous views.

(5) Oayu m o[*k w f ? 'd | d * wor , k w f ? tocF g &d u pd w f - 1/

. . . 5. Upekkha -sahagatam ditthi-gata sampayuttam asankha .. . -rikam- equanimity born of erroneous views and that which arises spontaneously,

1/ tvSL&Sifyk*dKvf[m vltrsm;&JU cspfcifjrwfEdk;rIudk cH&w,f/

1. It wins the affection respect of others.

2/ tvSL&SifodkY NidrfoufaompdwfESvHk;&SdMuwJh olawmfaumif; awGu csOf;uyfwwfMuygw,f/

2. Virtuous person will frequent oneself.

(6) Oayu m o[*k w f ? 'd | d * wor , k w f ? oocF g &d u pd w f - 1/

. . . 5. Upekkha -sahagatam ditthi-gata sampayuttam sasan.. . -rikam- equanimity born of erroneous views and arising at the kha promping of external agency;

3/ tvSL&Siy*Kd v&UJ aumif;aomausmaZmoH[m t&yfrsuEm f k f f f S tukefvHk;rSm ysHUESHYaewwfygw,f/

3. One's reputation spreads abroad.

pd w f - 1/

4/ tvSL&Siy*Kd v[m b,fy&dowfurqdk &J0&iyspm csO;f uyf f k f kd hH T f G &ygw,f/ 'gu 'Db0rSmwif&&SdwJh udk,fawGUrsufjriftvSL&Sif&JU tusdK; (7) Oayu m o[*k w f ? 'd | d * w0d y , k w f ? tocF g &d u (4) yg;jzpfygw,f/
4. One can enter any assembly with confidence.

. . . 7. Upekkha -sahagatam ditthi-gata vipayuttam asankha.. . rikam - equanimity not born of erroneous views and that which arises spontaneously;

5/ 'hgtjyif tvSL&Sifyk*dKvf[m cEmysufaus aovGefNyD;wJh aemufrSm ewfjynfodkY a&muf&ygw,f/

5. One will be reborn in the divine world after death.

(8) Oayu m o[*k w f ? 'd | d * w0d y , k w f ? oocF g &d u pd w f - 1/

. . . 8. Upekkha -sahagatam ditthi-gata vipayuttam sasankha .. . -rikam - equanimity not born of erroneous views and arising at the prompting of an external agency.

tckazmfjycJhwJh vdkcsifwJhpdwf? wyfrufwJhpdwf? rufarmwJhpdwf awG tvsOf;rudef;wJhtavmbpdwfeJY pGefYBuJay;vSLwJh'ge[m vltrsm; wdkY&JU cspfcifjrwfEdk;rIudk vufawGUvufiif;cH&jcif; tp&SdwJh 'DrsufarSmuf b0rSmwifjzpfwJh tusdK;xl;awGtjyif? aemifb0oHo&mrSmyg &&SdcHpm; ap&wJhtwGuf avmuBuD;yGm;csrf;oma&;r*Fvmrnfygw,fvdkY jrwfpGm

'DtvSL'geeJywfoufwtusKd ;awGukd jrwfpmbk&m;&Siu oD[ Y hJ G f ppfolBuD;tm; rdefYMum;awmfrlygw,f/ tvSL'gerSm apwem'geeJY0wK'ge&,fvdkY 'geESpfrsdK;&SdwJhae&m rSm a&SUrSmajymvmcJhwJh ay;vSLaMumif;jzpfwJh apwemudkyJ apwem'gevdkY ac:ygw,f/ ]]'D,awwd'geH/ 'D,aw-ay;vSLtyf\/ wd- xdkYaMumihf? 'geY-'gernf\}} vdkYqdkwJhpum;t&? qGrf;? ouFef;? ausmif;? aq; ypnf; av;yg; tp&SdwJh ay;vSLtyfwJhvSLzG,f0wKudk ay;vSLwmudk 0wK'gevdkY ac:ygw,f/

THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

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"r0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

4. rasadana- offering related to gustatory senses.

pkpkaygif; (6) rsdK;&Sdygonf/ tJ'DtvSL0wK? vSLp&mt&m0wKypnf;awGudk ygVdbmomjzihf 'gwA0wK? databba vatthu- the thing given or offerred; gift; of(1) as defined by the discourses these are: fertory vdkY ac:ygw,f/ 1/ tE- qGrf;tvSL tE tJ'tvSL'geuae tusKd ;ay;wJtcgrSm 0wK'geqdwhJ vSLzG,f D h k 1. anna- donation of food. 0wKypn;f awGuvJ tusKd ;ray;wwfyg/ tvSLcHwy*Kd vuvJ tusKd ;ay; hJ k f 2/ yge tazsmf&nftvSL ygewm r[kwyg/ tvSL&Siy*Kd v&UJ twGi;f tZwoEmefrmjzpfaewJh apwem f f k f S 2. pana- donation of cordials. awGuom tusdK;ay;EdkifMuygw,f/ 3/ C& ausmif;? Z&yftvSL C&vSLzG,f0wK'gepkeJY tvSLcHyk*dKvfwdkY[mqdk&if? tqihftwef; 3. ghara- donation of monasteries. 4/ 0w- t0wf? ouFef;tvSL 0w tvkduf tvSL&Sifyk*dKvfawG&JUtwGif;oEmefrSm apwemjzpfp&mtmHk 4. vattha- donation of monastic robes. awGyJ jzpfvmMuygw,f/ tJ'gawGu apwemxufoefatmifvJ ulnD 5/ ,me avS? &xm; paom ,mOftvSL ,meyHhydk;EdkifMuygw,f/ omrefdk;dk;qGrf;udk tmHkjyKvdkY vSL'gef;&wJhapwemeJY? 5. yana- donation of boats, coaches, etc. txl;wvnfprzefw;D Ny;D csujf yKwxm;wJqr;f udk tmHjk yKvYkd vSL'gef;&wJh D H f h G 6. rmv yef;tvSL rmvapwemrSm? wlrQEdkifp&mr&Sdygbl;/ txl;wvnfpDrHzefwD;NyD; csufjyKwf 6. mala- proffering of flowers. xm;wJh qGrf;udktmHkjyKvdkY vSL'gef;&wJh apwemutqaygif;rsm;pGm 7/ 0dyave eHYomaysmif;&nftvSL avexufoefp&m&Sygw,f/ &&SwhJ tusKd ;aus;Zl;uvJ tvGeuBkd u;D rm;ygw,f/ d d f 7. vilepana- proffering of unguents. tJ'gtjyif? awmfpGavsmfpGomreftvSLcHyk*dKvfudk tmHkjyKvdkY 8/ ao,s tdyf,maumfaZmtvSL ao,svSLwef;&wJh apwemxuf? tvGefrGefjrwfwJhyk*dKvfudk tmHkjyKNyD; vSL&wJh 8. seya- donation of bedding and carpets. apwem/ aemufawmh oHCmawmftrsm;BuD;udk tm;yg;w&tmHkjyKNyD; 9/ *E- eHYomrIefY a&arT;tvSL *E vSL&wJhapwemawGu tqaygif;axmifaomif;rsm;pGm xufoefp&m 9. gandha- proffering of sandalwood powder, perfume. 10/ y'Dy- qDrD;tvSL jzpfygw,f/ tusdK;vJBuD;Edkifygw,f/ 'ghaMumihf tvSL'gejyKMuwJhtcgrSm -pa- proffering of oil-lamps.[l 10. padi tvSLcHyk*dKvfaumif;yk*dKvfjrwfudk pdppfa&G;cs,fNyD; vSL'gef;&eftwGuf pkpkaygif; (10) rsdK; &Sdygonf/ uawmh rdrdwdkY&JUudk,fydkiftcGihfta&;yJ jzpfygw,f/ vSLwJhwef;wJhae&mrSm vSLzG,f0wKeJY tvSLcHyk*dKvfwdkYu apwemxufoefvmatmif taxmuftyHjh yKEiMf uygw,f/ tusKd ;ay;vJ kd (2) 0d e nf ; a'oemtm;jzih f (2) as defined by the ecclesiastic codes these are:yJ xl;jcm;BuD;rm;apEdkifygw,f/ 'g ta&;tBuD;qHk;jzpfygw,f/ 1/ yd@ygw- qGrf;tvSL tvSLU'g,umwpfa,mufu oHCmawmftm; qGrf;vSL'gef; 1. pindapata- offering of food. .. qufuyfaewJtcgrSm tJ'qr;f tvSL&Si'g,um&JUtwGi;f tZwoEmef h D G f 2/ pD0&- ouFef;tvSL rSm qGrf;tvSLudk tmHkjyKvdkYjzpfaewJh pdwf apwemawG? qGrf;bkOf;ay; 2. ci vara - offering of monastic robes. awmfrlaewJh oHCmawmfudk tmHkjyKvdkYjzpfaewJhpdwf? apwemawG[m 3/ aoemoe ausmif;tvSL aoemoeb,fvdkrSra&EdkifrwGufEdkifavmufatmifudk qufumqufumjzpfjzpf 3. senasana- donation of monastery. aeMuygw,f/ rsufpdwpfrdSwf? rsufawmifwpfcwf? vQyfwpfysuf? 4/ aboZ- aq;tvSL vufzspfwpfwGuftwGif;rSm pdwf? apwemaygif; uka#odef;oef;ru 4. bhesazza- donation of medicine. jzpfcsKyfoGm;Edkifw,fqdkawmh tcsdefumvtm;jzihf 2-em&D? 3-em&Davmuf pkpkaygif; (4) rsdK;&Sdygonf/ Mumatmif qGr;f tvSLukovaumif;rIukd jyKvyaecdurm- pdwf apwem kd f k f k f S awG b,favmufrsm;jzpfaer,fqdkwm? csifhwGufrSef;qvdkYomMunhfMuyg (3) tbd " r m a'oemtm;jzih f 3. as defind by the higher doctrine of ultimate realities these are:- awmhvdkY ajymyg&ap/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / ) 1/ ly'ge tqif;tvSL 'ge1. rupadhana- offering related to visual senses;

'ge0w vdkYac:wJh tvSL0wf? 'ge0wf? danavatta-obligation to perform charitable deeds rSm vSL'gef;ypnf;jzpfwJh 'ge0wK da -navatthu- thengs to be donated awGrm? ygVdy#uwfawmfvmokwef S d a'oemtm;jzihf jy|mef;wmu 'ge0wK (10) yg;? 0denf;a'oemtm;jzihf jy|mef;wJh'ge0wKu (4) yg;? tbfd"rma'oemawmftm;jzifhjy|mef; owfrww'ge0wKu (6) yg;&Sygw,f/ tJ''ge0wKawGu atmufyguJh S f hJ d D odkY jzpfMuygw,f/ (1) ok w e f a 'oemtm;jzih f -

4/ &o'ge t&omtvSL &o'ge-

ge 5/ azm|A'ge- tawGUtxdtvSL

5. photthabba dana- offering related to physical touch; ..

6/ "r'ge w&m;tvSL? pmaytvSL? ZD0dwtvSL ge-

6. dhamma dana -offering related to doctrinal literature and life.

2/ o''ge toHtvSL ge3/ *E'ge teHYtvSL ge-

2. saddadhana- offering related to vocal- acditory senses; 3. gandhadana- offering related to aromatic senses;

DHAMMA DEW
"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

19

0if ; Ek d i f O D ; ([oF m w) ]]rmwmydwk *kaPm? teaEm? rdbrsm;\ *kPfawmfaus;Zl; awmfonf twdkif;r&Sdra&wGufEkdif}} [l jrwfbk&m;udk,fwdkifa[mMum; awmfrlcJhygonf/ rdbrsm;\ om;orD;tay: xm;&Sdaom arwmonf rnfonfht&mESifhrQ EdIif;,SOfr&Ekdifyg/ tE&m,fawG b,favmufyif BuHKapumrl rdrdtoufudk y"merxm;bJ toufESihfvJ om;orD;udk &efolvufwGif;rS vGwfajrmufatmif u,fwifMu&onfrSm rdbrsm;\ arwmaMumihfyifjzpfygonf/ rd b arw m onf tod Pf & S d a om vl y if r qd k x m;bd ? todPfenf;yg;aom t[dwfwd&pmefonfyifvQif om;orD;rsm;udk &efolvufwGif;rS vGwfajrmufatmif toufu,fwifMuavonf/ t[dww&pmefjzpfwhJ <uufrBu;D waumifonf om;orD;ay: f d xm;wJh arwmaMumihf tE&m,fawGMum;rS u,fwifvdkufEkdifyHkudk udk,fawGUjzpf&yftjzpfwifjyvdkygonf/ pma&;olwdkY&Gm (rtlukef;&Gm-[oFmwNrdKUe,f)wGif tdrfaxmif y&dabm*tvdkYiSm opfyifckwfvSJNyD;aom opfwHk;udk vTcGJ&ef vTpifay:odkY wifMuavonf/ (&ufprrSwrawmh) tJ'opfw;kH \ tzsm;buf oH;k ydi;f JG d f d D k wpfydkif;cefYwGif opfacgif;ayguf&Sdavonf/ if;opfwHk;tm; pwif vTcGJvmMu&m tJ'Dopfacgif;teD;odkY vTa&mufoGm;acsNyD/ opfacgif;xJrS <uufatmfoHMum;&ojzihf OD;av;jzpfol ]OD;wif&Sdef} u acw&yfqdkif;ay; &ef vTorm;rsm;tm; arwm&yfcHvdkufygonf/ vTorm;rsm;vnf; acw &yfqi;f ay;ygonf/ cPtMumwGif opfacgif;xJrS <uufrBu;D wpfaumif kd onf om;<uufaygufi,fuav;wpfaumifudk ol\ yg;pyfjzihfiHkudkuf tjyifbufoYkd xGuajy;oGm;Ny;D vTpifEifh reD;ra0;&Sd trduyxoYkd ydaqmif f S I f kH J Yk xm;avonf/ aemufxyfwpfzefjyefvm vltkyfMum;xJ twif;0if a&mufNy;D txufygenf;twdi;f aemufwpfaumifukd ydaqmifavonf/ k Yk ydkYaqmifonfrSm (4)aumifajrmuftxdjzpfoGm;acsNyD/ vTorm;rsm;onf <uufrBuD;udkMunhfNyD; oem;ukPmouf om;orD;tay:xm;wJh arwmpGrf;tm;udk tHhMorqHk; csD;rGrf;rqHk;jzpfaeMuavonf/ av;aumif cefcso,fom;Ny;D aemuf vTorm;rsm; xyfrc&ef jyifqifaeMucduf <uufr Y D G H JG k BuD;onf if;vTpifem;wGif [dkajy;vdkuf? onfajy;vdkufESihf wuRDuRDESihf jymjymovJjzpfaejyefonf/ xdktcg OD;av;jzpfolu xyfrH acw &yfqdkif;ay;&ef arwm&yfcHNyD; <uufrBuD;\ tajctae bmaMumihf 'Dvdkjzpf&oenf;[k a0zefMuonf/ <uufrBuD;onf wu,fawmh opfacgif;xJwGif om;<uufaygufi,fusefao;aomaMumihfjzpfonf/ <uufrBuD;onf vltkyfpkMum;xJ twif;wdk;0ifvmNyD; opfacgif;xJrS usef&Sdaeaom om;<uufaygufi,ftm; iHkudkuf csDoGm;avawmhonf/ vT o rm;rsm;onf aemuf x yf <uuf a yguf i ,f & S d r&S d opfacgif;xJ Munhfaomtcg wpfaumifrQrawGU&awmhacs/ if;<uufr Bu;D vnf; jyefvnf rvmawmhygacs/ xd<k uufrBu;D onf om;aygufi,f uav; (5)aumif&SdaMumif;udk *Pef;ocsFmjzihf a&wGuf odaeovm; [kyif vltrsm;u ajymMuao;onf/ teD;tem;&Sdvlrsm;onf <uufrBuD;tm; MunhfI arwm yGm;aeMujcif;aMumihom <uufrBu;D vnf; toufcsr;f om&m&oGm;onf/ f om;orD;rsm;\ toufudk tE&m,fMum;xJrS u,fwifvdkuf aom if;<uufrBuD;udkMunhf ESvHk;om;&ifcGifxJodkY rdbwdkY\arwm pGrf;yum;BuD;rm;vSyHkrsm;onf wzGm;zGm;dkufcwfvmcJh&ygawmhonf/ rdbwdi;f rdbwdi;f onf om;orD;rsm;tay: qif;&JEr;f yg;rIukd k k G rvdkvm;Muyg? csrf;om<u,f0apcsifMuonf/ kyfqdk;wmudk rvdkvm;yg? kyfacsmwmudk awmifhwMuonf/ vlrdkufrjzpfapcsifyg/ vdrm,Ofaus; aom om;orD;rsm;jzpfapcsifMuonf/ olYuHESihfolYtaMumif;w&m;rsm;aMumihfom vufvTwf tHI; ay;&onf/ om;orD;tm;vHk; olawmfaumif;av;awG jzpfapcsifwm rdbrsm;&JU qEjzpfygonf/ om;orD;rsm; arG;vmuwnf;u b0a&SUa&;arQmfawG;vsuf tpm;taomuf qif;&J? taetxdkifqif;&Jjzihf b0udk &ifqdkifvmcJh Mu&onfu rdbrsm;yifjzpfonf/ udk,fhtwGuf tpm;tpm NcdK;NcH om;orD;rsm;twGuf cg;yduaxmifxoYkd cse,vmcJMh uyHrsm;udk om;orD; k f J f l k wdkif;u od&SdaeMuayonf/ oGefoifqHk;rrI rSeforQ[m om;orD;rsm; b0woufvHk; aumif;jrwftzdk;wefwJh &wemwpfck[k qdk&ayvdrfhrnf/ tJ'D&wemudk om;orD;rsm;u r& &atmif BudK;pm;vQif rdb wdkif; arQmfvihfxm;aomqE jynhf0MurnfrSmtrSefyifjzpfygonf/ om;orD;udk qHk;raompum;(Mo0g') onf om;orD;rsm;udk ab;jzpf&eftwGuf wdkufwGef;csufwpfckrQ rygacs/ vrf;rSm;ra&muf vrf;rSefa&mufatmif cif;ay;xm;aom wHwm;omjzpfygonf/ pma&;oltaejzihf rdrd\ rdbrsm; qHk;rrI pum;tm;vHk;rS tarQmftjrifBuD;pGmjzihf qHk;roGefoifaom Mo0g'wpfckudk oufao tjzpfwifjyvdkygonf/ rdrdESihf nDi,fjzpfol armifaZmfvGif? nDtpfudk ESpfa,mufwGJ tvSLcHjcif;taMumif;wyk'fjzpfygonf/ 1346 ck E S p f awmf o vif ; vqk y f ( 7)&uf a eY we*F a EG a eY n(7;00)em&DwdwdrSm rdbESpfyg; acgif;&if;cef;wGifxdkifae uREfkyfwdkY ESpfa,muftm; ac:vkdufygonf/ ac:NyD;onhfaemufrSm tazu a&;NyD; om;pm&Gufuav;udk vSrf;vdkufNyD; ]'Dpmudk &atmifusufvmcJh} [k ajymqdk ay;vdkufygonf/ pmydk'frSm wdkvSygonf/ xdkYaMumihfrMumrDrSm yif pmaMumif;jyefjy&ygonf/ pmydk'frSm azmfjycJhNyD; ckESpf v &ufaeY em&D tcsdefrSp rl;,pfapwwfaom ao&nf? ao&ufudk raomuf&ef 0efcHuwday;apvdkaMumif;jzpfonf/ xdktcsdefwkef;u pma&;olwdkYrSm i,f&G,foljzpfavawmh aygYaygYwefwef usuf aygYaygYwefwefbJ pmjyefcJhonf/ touf(15)ESpfa&mufvmcsdef taygif;toif;rsm;u t&ufaomuf&if; pma&;olbufoYkd t&ufcuvr;f vkuygonf/ pma&; G f S d f olonf if;cGufudk udkifvdkufpOfrSmbJ jyefvnfowd&rdawmhonf/ jyefvnfoHk;oyfqifjcifrdonfrSm ]ig[m i,fpOfuwnf;u rdbrsm; a&SUarSmufrSm t&ufraomuf&ef 0efcHuwday;NyD;jzpfygvsuf 'Dt&uf wpfcujf zihf b0wpfavQmufv;kH apmihxe;f vmwJh 0efcuwday; tvSLBu;D G f d H bmaMumihfzsufqD;ypf&rnfenf;} [k a0zefqHk;jzwf if;t&ufcGufudk jyefay;vduavonf/ k f pmrsuf E S m 25 ok d Y

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

20

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

v,fwDq&ma

The Ledi Dham

D d v,fweAmefw

a&;om;jyKp

MAHA THERA L
(edAme'DyeD)
,cif t ywf r S t quf odvQif xdxrif;ESiruif;Ediaom ow0gudk xdxrif;onf Yk k fh k f k 'ku'ku 'PfcsufESifhvnf; ESdyfpufnOf;yef;av\/ ocFg&'ku'Pfcsuf ESifhvnf; ESdyfpufnOf;yef;av\/ 0dy&dPmr 'ku'PfcsufESifhvnf; ESdyfpuf nif;yef;av\/ xrif;ESihfruif;EdkiforQ b0tqufquf xdk'ku'Pf csuf (3) rsdK; tNyD;pGyfvsufygav\/ xrif;rIuif;jywfonf ESihf wpfNydKifeuf xdk'ku'Pfcsuf 3 rsdK;uRwfvGwfav\/ (um; Oyrmwnf ; ? Oyrmqd k a omf v nf ; l y u E m rS m tygt0if yif j zpf o wnf ; /) (u) Oyar,srSm oHo&m usifvnfaom ykkxkZOfow0g wdkYESihf awmifola,musfm;/ (c) wpfckwpfckaom b0cEmESihf wpfESpfwpfESpfvkyfpm pyg;? ajymif;? yJ? xrif;/ (*) aemufaemifb0 topftopfaomcEmudk tvdk&Sd a&S;a&S;aomb0 'ge? oDv? bm0emukovrsKd ;ESipyfaom vkyaqmif kd f fh f rI? yGm;rsm;rI-[laom ocFg&'kurrsKd ;ESifh a&S;a&S;ESpu rsKd ;xm;rIEipyfaom I f S fh 'kurrsKd ;/ I (C) aemufaemufjzpf&mb0 toufarG;rI'kursdK;/ 1/ terw*oHo&mwGif wpfBudrfwpfBudrfaom vlYcEm vlb0? wpfBurwpfBuraom ewfcEm ewfb0? wpfBurwpfBuraom Y d f d f d f d f jA[mh cEm jA[mhb0ESihf wpfESpfwpfBufdrf? wpfESpfwpfBudrfjzpfyGm;aom aumuf yif? ajymif;yif? yJyifwlonf/ 2/ aemufaemufb0 xdkcEmtopfudk &vdk a&S;a&S;b0 'geukovukd tm;xkw&rI[aom ocFg&'ku? oDvukovukd tm;xkwf kd f f l kd f &rI[laom ocFg&'ku? psmeformywfudk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&rI[laom ocFg&'kupkESifh a&S;a&S;ESpf pyg;rsdK;? ajymif;rsdK;? yJrsdK;udk jyKjyif&mrSp xGefrI? ,ufrI? rsdK;BuJrIwlonf/ 3/ aemufaemufb0 vly#doaE? ewfy#doaE? jA[my#doaE Y h jzpfay:onfESifh aumufyif? ajymif;yif? yJyiftanmufay:aygufrIwl onf/
( Continue from last week )
So that rice tortures the beings who cannot live without with the intrinsic suffering; tortures also with the formations sufferings in change. So, that rice tortures the beings, who cannot live without it, with the intrinsic suffering; tortures also with the formations sufferings; and tortures also with the suffering in change. So long as they cannot live without rice, those three kinds of sufferings will follow them in successive births. No sooner can they live without rice than they overcome those three kinds of sufferings. [This is the example; even then it is include in the constituent group of materiality.] (a) A worldling, puthujjana, who is wandering in the round of . - rebirths, samsara, is compared to the famer. (b) Each birth of the body in existence is compared to the yield of paddy, maize, pea, bean and cooked rice each year. (c) The formations suffering such as performing and developing charity, morality and development, dana s1la bhavana, in the previous birth wishing new and new body in existence, is compared to the suffering of keeping the seeds in the previ ous year. (d) The suffering or the trouble of living in the next birth, exist ence. 1. In the round of rebirths, each existences as a human being, each existence as a deva, each existence as a brahma is similar to the field- paddy, maize, pea, bean each year. 2. In order to get new groups of existence in the next existence bhava, the formations sufferings such as giving charity prac tising morality and developing jhana-attainment are similar to the works beginning with the keeping of seeds of paddy, maize, pea, beans and the work of ploughing and growing. 3. The rebirth as a human beings, as a deva, as a brahma in the next existene is similar to the sprouts of the paddy, maize, pea beans. 4. In the next existene, formations suffering, sankhara dukkha,

(Nibbana Di pan

ana Dipani

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

"r0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

awmfbk&m;BuD;

usrf;jyKtausmf urmausmf

w&m;awmfrsm;

awmf pawmfrlaom

ma on Nibba na
i = The Manual of Nibbana)
4/ aemufaemufb0 y#doaEcEm jzpfay:Ny;D aemuf touf wrf;aphae&&ef toufarG;rI[laom ocFg&'kuBuD;ESihf aumufcif;? ajymif;cif;? yJcif;rSm a&Owktjywftvwf r&Sd&atmif aMumihfMupdkufrI wlonf/ 5/ y0wdtcg &&Sdaompnf;pdrfpkESihf aumuf? ajymif;? yJ? toD;tESwonf/ H l 6/ xdkb0 xdkxrif;rI[laom 0dy&dPmr 'kuESihfcHwGif;rSm 0g; tqif;? teHY? t&om ysufNyD;aom xrif;? [if;pkwlonf/ 8/ aoqHk;rIESihf usifBuD;usifi,frI wlonf/ y#doaEcEm wnfNyD;aemuf ysufqHk;&ef tcGihfqdkufcJhvQif b,ftcgb,fcPrqdk ysufqHk;wwfaom 0dy&dPmroabm tNrJruGm tpOfygae\/ xdkYaMumihf ysufqHk;&ef tcGihfqdkuf ysufqHk;rIESihf tema&m*g jzpfym;rI[aom 0dy&dPmr'ku? ysuq;kH tHaom ta&;tcGirI uif;vGwf G l f h fh yg&jcif;iSm aMumihfMupdkufMu&aom 0dy&dPmr'ku? odkYpaom 0dy&d Pmr'kuwdkYudkvnf; OyrmESihf tvm;wlodav/ ocFg&'kuwdkYrSm xufMuyfygaom 'ku'ku? 0dy&dPmr'kurI wdkYrSm xufMuyfygaom 'ku'ku? 'ku'kuudkvnf; odav/ xrif;udk om,maomoludk xdkxrif;onf 'ku 3 rsdK;wdkYESihf ESypufni;f yef;ouJoYkd vlcEm? ewfcEm? jA[mcEmudk om,maomolukd d f h Y h xdcEm 5yg;pkonf 'ku (3) rsKd ;ESifh b0wki;f b0wdi;f ESypufni;f yef;\/ k d k d f aumuf? yJ? ajymif;? ESr;f udk om,mjcif; ruif;aomolukd tESpf toacsFyif wkdifaomfvnf; om,mjcif;ruif;orQ umvywfvHk; xdk aumuf? yJ? ajymif;? ESrf;onf 'ku (3) rsdK;wdkYjzihf ESpfpOfxm0& ESdyfpuf nOf;yef; oGm;avouJhodkY xdkcEmpkudk om,maom ykxkZOfow0gudk urmb0 teE terw*wdkifatmifyif xdkcEmpkonf 'ku (3) rsdK;jzihf b0wdi;f b0wdi;f ESypufni;f yef;av\/ cEmudk om,mjcif; jywfuif; k k d f aomtcgrS xdk'ku (3) rsdK; uRwfvGwfav\/ xdkYaMumihf xdk'ku (3) rsdK;udk aMumufaomoltm; xdk'ku (3) rsdK;rS vGwfuif;apjcif;iSm vlYb0? vlYcEmpkxJrSmvnf; cdkudk;&mr&Sd? ewf b 0? ewf c E m pk x J r S m vnf ; cd k u k d ; &mr&S d ? jA[ m h b 0
namely the trouble to live after rebirth up to the end of lifespan is similar to the trouble of watering incessantly in the field of paddy, maize, pea and beans. 5. The wealth obtained at present is similar to the crop, maize, pea and beans. 6. The joyful, pleasurable, happy feeling, p 1tisomanassa sukhavedana in that existence is similar to the delicious taste of rice and curry. 7. The suffering of rice in the change, viparinama dukkha in that existence is similar to the rice and curry, the colour, the smell and the taste of wich have perished in the mouth after chewing. 8. Death is similar to the act of excrement and urine. After the rebirth, the nature of change, viparinama, which is perishable at any time, at any moment when favoured with perishable conditions always accompanies the beings. Therefore, (1) The suffering in change, viparinama dukkha, namely. the perishing which perishes when it gets a chance to perish and the suffering from diseases and (2) the suffering in change, viparinama dukkha, which is caused by taking troubles to get free from the state of loss, etc., should also be understood in the same way as the example. The intrinsic suffering, dukkha-dukkha, which always accompanies with the formations suffering; the intrinsic suffering which always accompanies with the suffering in change; these intrinsic sufferings should also be understood. Just as aman who enjoys the rice is tortured by it with the three sufferings; just so a man who enjoys in the body of ahuman being, a deva and a brahma is tortured by that body, five constituent groups of existence, with the three sufferings in every existence. Just as a man who is not free from enjoying the crop, pea beans and sesame for incalculable years is tortured every year with the three suffering; just so a worldling, puthujjana is tortured in every existence of incalculable rebirths with the three sufferings. Only when he overcomes the enjoyment in his body he will be free from those three sufferings. Therefore, for aman who fears the three sufferings, so

by

LEDI SAYADAW

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

22

"r0D&onf oEdokcodkY a&S;Ijy|mef;onf/

as to be free from them, there is no refuge in the human existence and his body; there is neither refuge also in the deva's existence and his body, nor refuge also in the brahma's existence and his body. The cessation or the end of those existence as a human being, as a deva and as a brahma, the only unconditioned asankhata nibbana is the real refuge for him who wishes to be free from those three sufferings. [this is the exposition of the appeasement happiness ~ santisukha, connected with the word ''pancakkhandha dukkha", which has neither suffering nor enjoyment nor interest nor delightful, pleasant feeling, is indeed the ultimate happiness.] The next words should also be understood in detail in the same way. ~ pancakkhandha roga As there are always sufferings from pains namely old age and death, the five constituent group of existene of a human being, of a deva and of a brahma are merely bad diseases. Therefore, the cessation or the end of those five constituent groups of existence is indeed real happiness. In the story if Jivaka, see just as the banker of Rajagaha, one who was suffering from bad disease had to abandon one's enjoyment happiness of the wealth of the banker, of a monarch, of the sole ruler, of King Cakkavatti in hand to obtain santi sukkha, appeasement happiness, the cure-appeasement of that bad disease. Therefore the Buddha said: . . . ~ . "yamkinci vedayitam, sabbam tam dukkhasamin." All sufferings and enjoyments are merely in dukkha sufferings. [meaning] The absence of even any trace of the sense of suffering and enjoyment is the real happiness that is what is meant. [Also in the remaining 37 terms you should understand in the same way. As the talk about nibbana will become too much, the remaining terms are not explained herein in detail.] If you want to know something about the infinite quality of nibbana, the cessation or the end of the five constituent groups of existence, mantality-materiality, namarupa, namely the -hma; you should rebirth of a human being, of a deva and of a bra try to discern clearly the meaning of these 40 terms of developments, bhavana in detail. In this world as there are two kinds of dhamma, namely itt hasampatti [1. ittha dhamma=the desirable sense/sampatti .. .. dhamma= the sense of completeness] and anitthavipatti [anittha .. dhamma= the undesirable sense/ vipatti dhamma= the sense of incompleteness, destruction.] the desirable completeness and the undesirable incompleteness, destruction, the arising and developing of the desirable completeness are the noble happiness; its decrease and disappearance are the lower sufferings. The decrease and disappearance of the undersirable imcompleteness, destruction, are the noble happiness. Their arising and developing are the lower sufferings. As the five constituent groups of existence, the rebirths of a human being of a deva and of a brahma have briefly 40 defects, in accordance with 40 terms of bhavana, and infinite defects in details, they are indeed the undesirable incompleteness, destruction. Therefore their presence is merely the lower sufferings; their only absence is the noble happiness. There is nothing more to do than their absence. (To be continue)

jA[mhcEmpkxJrSmvnf; cdkudk; &mr&Sd? xdkvlYb0? ewfb0? jA[mb0wdkY\ csKyNf ir;f rI? Zmwfor;f rI[aom tocFwedAmefwpfconfomvQif xd'u d d l k k k (3) rsdK;wdkYrS vGwfvdkaomol\ cdkudk;&mtppfjzpfayownf;/ (um; cH p m;rI ? pH p m;rI yD w d a omre ok c a0'emr&S d a om oE d o k c rsd K ;onf o mvQif {uE o k c rS e f a Mumif ; ud k y u E m 'k u m [l a om yk ' f E S i h f p yf jycsuf w nf ; /) aemufaemufyk'fwdkYvnf; enf;ESifESif tus,fudkodav/ y u E m a&m*g/ / vl? ewf? jA[m cEm (5) yg;wdkYonf Z&m? r&Pwnf;[laom usifemudkufcJrI wpf&HrpJtNrJ&SdaeaomaMumihf a&m*gonf a&m*gqdk;wdkYomwnf;/ xdkYaMumihf xdkcEmwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rI? Zmwfodrf;rIonf {uEokc rSefayownf;/ ZD0u0wKwGif &mZN*dK[folaX;twKywduJhodkY a&m*gqdk;uyf a&mufaomolonf rdrdvuf&Sdjzpfaom olaX;? ol<u,f? pnf;pdrf? ya' o&mZf?{u&mZf? pMumrEwfrif;pnf;pdrf [laom a0',dw okcrsdK;udk pGefYvTwf xdka&m*gqdk;aysmufNidrf;rI[laom oEdokcwpfckudk t&,l& aom ,kwdukd axmufav/ / xdkYaMumihf]],Hud a0',dwH? oAH wH 'kuod H/}} [l a[mawmfrlayonf/ ,Hud? tvHk;pHkaom/ a0',dwH? cHpm;rI? pHpm;rIonf/ twd? &Sd\/ oAH? tvHk;pHkaom/ wH? xdkcHpm;rI? pHpm;rI[lorQonf/ 'kuod H? 'kuxJucsnf;aywnf;/ / (um;teuf/) cHpm;zG,f? pHpm;zG,f? cHpm;rI? pHpm;rI[laom a0',dwoabm t>rufavrQ r&Sdjcif;onfom okctrSefjzpfonf[lvdkonf/ (aemuf (37) yk'fwdkYvnf; enf;ESifESifodav/ edAmefeuxm pum;us,fyGm; vGef;rnfaMumifh aemufyk'fwdkYudk rqdkvkdufNyD/) vlb0? ewfb0? jA[mb0 [laom cEm (5) yg; kyemrfw&m; Y h f wdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rI? Zmwfodrf;rI[laom edAmef\ teE*kPfudk &dyfrdvdkMu vQif (40)csKyaom bm0emyk'w\ teuft"dym,ftus,ukd xifEi?f f f Ykd f kd jrifEdkifatmif tm;xkwfMu&rnf/ avmu |orw"rwpfrsKd ;? ted|0dyw"rwpfrsKd ;[l (2) d d rsdK;&SdMuonfwGif |"r orwd"r rsdK;wdkYrSm jzpfxGef;yGm;rsm;rIonf tjrwfokcjzpf\/ qkwf,kwfuG,fyrIonf t,kwf'kujzpf\/ ted|"r 0dywd"r av;rsdK;wdkYrSm qkwf,kwfuG,fyrIonf tjrwfokcjzpf\/ jzpfxGef;yGm;rsm;rIonf t,kwf'kujzpf\/ vlYb0? ewfb0? jA[mhb0[laom cEm (5) yg;wdkYonf bm0emyk'f (40) t& tjypfa'go tm'De0aygif;? tusOf;csKyftm;jzihf (40)? tus,ftm;jzihf teEtyar,s &SdukefMuonfjzpf {uE ted| "r? {uE 0dywd"rwdkYonfom trSefjzpfukef\/ xdkYaMumihf xdkw&m;wdkY \ &Sdjcif;onfomvQif t,kwf'kujzpf\/ r&Sdjcif;onfomvQif tjrwf okcjzpf\/ r&Sdjcif;xuf ydkrdk tm;xkwfzG,fudpr&Sd/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Ak'\"rw&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/ ,if;wdkYtay: aumif;rI ukokdvfuHjyK&ef &Sm&cufao;\/ xkdYaMumifh vlwonf ae&mwdi;f tvG,wul&mawGEiaom tnw&rsm;tay: Ykd k f S Y dk f MunfpwuarG;jrL aumif;rIuovujkd yKrnf qdygu Ak'a'oemawmf kd d f kd k dk f k t& xl;jrwfaomtusKd;tmedoifudk &&SdMuayvdrfhrnf/ tvS L cH y k * d K vf u d k a&G ; cs,f vS L jcif ; onf yg&rD a jrmuf a om ukokdvfvkyfief; r[kwf/ yg&rDajrmufaom vkyief;r[kwvQif olvigvdk f f dk trsm;wumjyKEiaom ukovvyief;rsK;d yifjzpf\/ t,kwf tvwftjrwf dk f dk f k f ra&G; tm;vH;k tay: Munfpwukd arG;jrLNy;D aumif;rIuovukd vkyEif kd d f k dk f f dk ygrS yg&rDajrmufaom ukovvyief; jzpf\/ yg&rDuov[onfrmvnf; dk f k f k dk f l S wu,fjrifjh rwfow\wu,f jrihfjrwfaomvkyfief; jzpf\/ xkdYaMumifhyif l Ykd yg&rD [ l qd k j cif ; jzpf\/ odkY v,fwDq&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; u Owryk&do'DyeD qdk\/ oljzpfap? igjzpfap olvkdigvdk omrnvlwdkYonf wu,fwrf; tusioumESifh jynhpaom yk*Kd vrsm;tay: om Munfpwukd arG;jrL fh d f kH f kd d f Eki\/ tnw&rsm;tay:rl Munfpwukd rarG;jrLEkiMf u/ Munfpwf d f kd d f d kd d [lonfrm o'gjy|mef;aom pdwjf zpf\/ xkorarG;jrLEkiMf uaomaMumifyif S d Ydk d h trsm;olig olvkd igvdtwef;tpm;xJ yg0ifae&jcif;jzpf\/ a0E&m k rif;BuD;ukdMunfhvQif plZumvdk yk*dKvfrsm;tay:rl Munfdkpdwfudk tvG,wularG;jrL Ekirnfrm ,Hrm;zG,&myif r&Sacs/ Munfpw&ygrS f d f S k S f d kd d f dS ,if;wdtay: aumif;rIuovf ukd ESpEpumumjyK &aumif;\/ Yk k dk f S f trSeftm;jzihf wu,fwrf; ppfrSefaom csrf;omppfudk vdkvm;ygu olvdkigvdktpm;udk ausmfvGefzdkYawmhvdk\/ trsm;olig olvkdigvdk twef;tpm;udk ausmfvGefjcif;[lonf yg&rD&Sdjcif;yifjzpf\/ yg&rD [l&mvnf; yg&rDonf trsKd;rsKd;&Sd\/ bk&m;jzpfvdkvQif bk&m;avmif; yg&rD&zYdk vk\/ t*om0ujzpfvvQif t*om0uavmif; yg&rD&zYkd vk\/ dS d kd dS d r[mom0ujzpfvdkvQif r[mom0uavmif; yg&rD&SdzdkYvdk\/ oHo&mrS xGufajrmufvkdol[lorQ yg&rDawmh rvGraoG&zv\/ yg&rDjznhusi&m J dS Ykd kd f hf umvtydi;f tjcm;ESihf yg&rDjznfusirI txuftEkUH om uGmjcm;rnf jzpfNy;D k h fh yg&rDjznhusiroabmtm;jzihf uGmjcm;rIr&Sd/ t&d,opmOmPfudk& f hf I edAmefudk rsufarSmufjyKol[lorQ yg&rD udk rdrdwkdY\awmifhwrI yPd"d tvdkufjznfhusifh&onfcsnf; jzpf\/ yg&rDudk jznhfusihfjcif; r&SdbJ t&d,opmukd xd;k xGi;f od;kd r&S/ d yg&rDjznfhusihfjcif;[lonfrSm rdrdESifhqufqH&ol [lorQtay: t,kwtvwftjrwfra&G; MunfpwuarG;Ny;D ,if;wktay: aumif;rI f kd d f kd Yd ukovujH yKjcif;yif jzpf\/ aumif;rIuovuujkd yKjcif;[lonfrmvnf; dk f k dk f H S ,if;wkdY\ tusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf wwfEkdiforQ yHhydk;jcif;jzpf\/ yg&rDoabmt& ,if;wkdY\ tusKd;pD;yGm;udk yHhydk;&m ta&;Bu;D qH;k tcsurm ukPmESifhynm&SdzdkYyifjzpf\/ ynm udk Oyg,aumovPf fS [lvnf;ac:\/ Oyg,aumovPf[lonfrSm yHhydk;rI uRrf;usif vdrmaom Pfjzpf\/ ,aeYacwfoHk; a0g[m&jzihfqkd&vQif ]]txm}} udk odaomPfyifwnf;/ rdrduln DyHhydk;&rnhfol\ ]]txm}}tvdkuf vkdtyfovdk ulnyy;kd ygrSom oltwGuvnf; tusKd;&Sd\/ ulnDyHhydk; D hH Y f &usKd;vnf; eyf\/ okdYr[kwfygu ckwf&mwpfvGJ &S&mwjcm; jzpfNyD; ESpfOD;ESpfbuf tusKd; rxifjzpfwwf\/ xdkYaMumifh yg&rDoabmt& tnw&rsm;tay: ulnDyhHydk;&m Oyg,aumovPf ta&;BuD;jcif; jzpf\/ rddrdwdkY\ ywf0ef;usifudk MunfhvkdufvQif tnw&rsm; awGY &rnfjzpf\/ xdktnw&rsm;tay: Munfdkaom pdwfjzpfatmif tm;xkwf&m &wemoHk;yg;\ yHhydk;rIudk rsm;pGmvkd\/ &wemoHk;yg;
rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

23

MunfdkaompdwfrSwpfqifh tnw&rsm;tay: ajymif;a&TU,l&\/ tu,f rdrdwkdY\MunfdkrIonf &wem oHk;yg;tay:om tqHk;owf Ny;D rdrw\ywf0ef;usi&dS tnw&rsm;tay:oka&mufatmif ajymif;a&TU d Ykd f Yd r,lEkdifygbl;qkdvQif xdkMunfdkrIrsKd;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tvdkawmfus MunfdkrIrsKd;r[kwf/ r[mou&mZf 103 ckepf? uqkevjynfaeY nOfh \aemufq;kH ,Hwif f h G od ' w rif ; om;onf oA k w Pf a wmf u d k & bk & m;tjzpf o dkY a&mufawmfr\/ bk&m;tjzpfoYdk a&mufawmfrNl y;D aemuf yrowm[wGif l tZygv anmifyif&if; pHaeawmfrpOf ]]avmu *g&0w&m;uif;rJh l aejcif;onfraumif;? rdrtaejzifh *g&0jyK&rnfy*Kd vf [l avmu d h k r&SdavaomaMumifh rdrdxdk;xGif; odawmfrlxm;aom "rrsm;udkom *g&0jyKaernf}} [kqHk;jzwfawmfrlNyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;onf aemufqHk; y&dedAmefjyKawmfrlonfumvtxd "rrsm;tay: *g&0jyK aeawmfrl h oGm;\/ *g&0&SygrS o'gxuf\/ o'gxufrvnf; *g&0uk&\/ xdkYaMumifh d S d *g&0ESifho'gonf tcsif;csif;rSDwG,faeaom y&rw"rrsm;jzpfMu\/ *g&0\yHhydk;rIjzifh o'gxufavaomtcg rdrdwdkY\ ywf0ef;usif&Sd tnw&rsm; tay: yHhydk;&ef 0efav;Murnf r[kwf/ trSeftm;jzifh rdrdwdkY\ b0wefzdk;onf tnw& rsm;tay: tav;teufxm; rI\ twdrfteufay: wnf\/ xdkYjyif rdrdwdkYu tnw& rsm;tay: yHy;kd onfEitrQ tnw&rsm;xHrvnf; aus;Zl;odrI h S fh S h Y ]]uwkw}} onfvnf; rdrwxoYkd rdrwu rawmifwbJvsuf oltvdk d Ykd H d Y kd tavsmufvmrnfjzpf\/ xdk tcgrSom vlrIqufqHa&;oabmt& ywf0ef;usifonf Nidrf;csrf;rnfjzpf\? ywf 0ef;usifNidrf;csrf;onfESihftrQ Nidrf;csrf;aomokconfvnf; rvGJraoGay:aygufvmrnf jzpf\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;usifhoHk; awmfrlonfhtwkdif; "rukd *g&0jyKvQif rdrd\ywf0ef; usifukdvnf; tvdkvdk*g&0 jyKNyD;om;jzpf\/ "rudk *g&0 jyKjcif;[lonfrSm tukokdvf 'kpdkufrsm;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif; jzpf\/ tukokdvf'kpdkufrsm; rSa&SmifMuOfjcif;udkyif oDv&Sd jcif;[l qdk&ay\/ oDv&Sdonfqdkuwnf;u rdrd\usifh0wfudk jznhfusifhjcif;onf tvdkvdk yg0if\/ '*Fg;jym;wGif acgif;bufESifhyef;bufygrSom '*Fg;tppf jzpfouhJokdY xkdYtwl oDvwGifvnf; raumif;rIrsm;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;ESifh aumif;rI qki&musi0wfrsm;udk jznfusijhf cif; ESprsK;d vH;k yg0if&\/ wpfrsK;d wnf;ESihf d f hf h f rvHavmuf/ raumif;rIrsm;rS a&SmifMuOfoufoufEivnf; oDvjynfpkH k kH S fh h olrrnf? aumif;rI qdkif&m usifh0wfrsm;udk jznfhusifhHkoufoufESihfvnf; oDvjynfhpHkolrrnf/ acgif;ESifhyef; xdkESpfrsKd;vHk; jynfhpHkzdkYvdk\/ xdkYaMumifh ]]0wHty&dyla&aEm oDvH ey&dyl&wd}} usifh0wfudk rjznfhorQ oDvudk jznfh&m ra&muf[k qdkjcif;jzpf\/ wu,fwrf; ESprsK;d vH;k yg0ifjynhpzqonfrmvnf; tnw&rsm; f f kH Ykd dk S tay: MunfpwarG;wwfrjS zpf\/ yJeukd *kpuvQif aygifonf ol[m kd d f d kd f Y ol*kpkdufvdrfhrnf[laom &SdwfpyD;,m;\ tqdktwdkif; tnw&rsm; tay: Munfdkpwukd arG;jrLEkiygvQif 0daooyk*dKvfrsm;tay: Munfdk d f d f pdwfudk tvdkvdkarG;NyD; om;jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ wpfpHkwpf&m 0efav;zG,f r&Sygacs/ d od'wrif;om;onf av;oacsFESifhurmwpfodef;wdkYumvywfvHk; yg&rDawmfwdkYudk jznfhusihfawmfrl&mwGif ESpfq,fhav; b0omvQif omoemawmfESifh BuHKBudKuf&\/ omoemawmfESifh BuHKBudKufzdkYqkdonfrSm
pmrsuf E S m 37 ok d Y

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24

"r0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

jrwfAk'\tvkyftauR; t&SiftmeEm
jrif h o d e f ; (armf u Ref ; ) ,cif t ywf r S tquf ]]tmeEm? cspfolcifoltm;vHk;ESifh &SifpOfrSma&m aouGJ uGJcsdefrSmyg? cGJcGm&jcif; onf rvG J r aoG j zpf a y:vm&acsrnf [ k ,cifuwnf;u rdeMYf um;awmfrrlcavoavm? hJ wu,fawmh jzpfay:vmNyD; wnfaevsuf? ocFg&\jyKjyif pD&ifcH&? aqG;ajrh,dk,Gif;um? ysufpD;jcif;[laom obm0w&m;&Sdaomt&m wpfckudk tpdwfpdwf trTmrTmNydKuGJum rysufpD; ap&ef qkawmif;qEjyKjcif;onf rnfuJhodkY jynhpNkH y;D ajrmufEirnfenf;/ odaom jzpfEif f kd f Yk kd ajctvm;tvm r&S d y gacs/ xd k x uf y if bk&m;&SifwdkYonf oufwrf;wdk;aeEdkifap&ef twGufjzifhawmh? rdefYMum;awmfrlNyD;aom pum; udk jyefvnfjyifqifrdefYMum;awmfrl&efrSm ydk omvQif rjzpfEiygay}} [k bk&m;&Sifu xyfrH kd f rdefYMum;awmfrlygonf/
He added; "A nanda have I not, from former times, said that there must be separation while living and through death from all that are dear and beloved. In this matter how can the wish be realized that anything which has the nature of arising, existing, being compounded and decay and dissolution, should not disintegrate and disappear? There can be no such possibility. Further, it is impossible for Tathagata to go back on his word, just to live longer."

onf wef;pDapmifhaeMuaom y&dAdkZfrrsm;udk wpfOD;vQif rkefYwpfckpDa0ay;&m? trIrJhtrSwfrJh jzihf t&G,aumif;? ESpvz,yyef;toGi&aom f f kd G f kH f dS y&dAkdZfrav;wpfOD;udk rkefYESpfckay;rdojzihf xdk y&dAZrESifh pGypc&ygavawmhonf/ xdaMumifh dk f f JG H Yk yif bk&m;&Sifu &[ef;wpfyg;onf tjcm; bmom0if & aoh & [ef ; rsm;ud k tpm;tpm ray;&[k 0denf;wpf&yfjy|mef;awmfrlygonf/ wpfcgvnf; a&csdK;awmfrlNyD;aemuf t&SitmeEmonf tjcm;aom &[ef;wpfyg;\ f ouFe;f udk rdrouFe;f trSwjf zihf ,l0wfrav d kH d \/ xdkYaMumihf rdrdouFef;r[kwfrSef;odvmav aomf bk&m;&SifxHoGm; xdktjzpfudkavQmuf xm;wifjyawmfrygonf/ bk&m;&Siu ]]rdrypn;f l f d [k xifrwo&[ef; tjypfr&S}d } [k &Si;f jyawmf S f l rlygonf/
Here connecting with this defect of Ananda, his other defects should be expressed. At Kut agara Monastery, after .- lunch, the extra cakes were usually distributed to those ones of other sects. Once, A nanda gave one cake to each of Paribba -s who were waiting in queue. Inadvertjika ently he had given two cakes to a Paribb- ajika who was in prime of life and had pleasing appearance and was implicated with her. Therefore the Buddha promulgated a training rule that a bhikkhu should not give food to those ascetics of other sects. Once, after taking bath, Ananda thinking his own, took and wore a robe of other bhikkhu. Therefore, when he came to know that it was not his robe, he went to the Buddha and reported the event. The Buddha justified "No offence to the

bhikkhu who think his own."

a0omvDwGif t&Sif ]]tZKu}} \ 'g,um uG,fvGefNyD;aemuf ol\tarGypnf; tm;vHk;udk t&SiftZKuonf uG,fvGefol\ om;tpm; wlawmfoludk ay;vkdufygonf/ om;jzpfolu t&SiftmeEmxHvmNyD; tarGudp taMumif;avQmufxm;ygonf/ t&SiftmeEm u om;jzpfolonf zcif\ rcRwf{uef tarG qufcH&rnhfoljzpfaMumif;ESihf tu,f t&Sif tZKuonf wludk tarGcHtjzpfqHk;jzwfcJhvQif olonf &[ef;r[kwawmhay[k qdawmfrvuf f k l kd \/
-In Vesali , after the death of lay supporter of Ven. 'Ajjuka', all his heritages were given by Ven. Ajjuka to the nephew instead of the own son of the deceased. The son came and told Ananda about the heritage. Ananda said that the son was an heir apparent of his father and, if Ven. Ajjuka judged the nephew as an heir, he was no more a monk.

xdkrSwpfzef bk&m;&Sifonf uk#m*g& ausmif;awmfodkY <uoGm;awmfrlNyD; xkdausmif; awmfwGif? &[ef;awmfrsm; tpnf;ta0; aemufo;kH vtMumwGif bk&m;&Sionf tNy;D wdif f k y&dedAmefpH0ifawmfrlrnfjzpfaMumif; aMujim awmfrlygavonf/
Then the Buddha went to Kutag.-ra Monastery where he proclaimed, at the a assembly of bhikkhus, that three months later he will pass utterly into Parinibbana.

ae&mwGif taMumif;wduqivm k f kd f ojzihf t&SiftmeEm\ cRwf,Gif;csufESifh pyfvsOf; tjcm;tjcm;aom olYcRwf,Gif;csuf rsm;udk azmfjyoGm;ygrnf/ uk#m*g&ausmif;awmf wGif aeYqGrf;pm;NyD;aemuf ydkaeaomrkefYrsm;udk wjcm;wyg;aom bmom0ifyk*dKvfrsm;udk a0rQ ay;avh&Sdygonf/ wpfcgaomf t&SiftmeEm

xdaMumihf t&SitZKuonf ol\trI Yk f udk t&SitmeEmu qH;k jzwfay;yg&ef ajymMum; f ygavonf/ &[ef;taygif;wdkY pHknD&m 0denf; awmfwGif {w'*fydkif&Sif t&Sif ]Oygvd} u tu,f yk*Kd vwpfO;D wpfa,mufonf ruG,f f vGefrD BudKwif ol\tarGypnf;tm;vHk;udk wpfpHkwpfOD;tm; ay;yg&ef oabmwlnDcsuf wpf&yfjyKvkyfcJh&m xdkoabmwlnDcsuftwdkif; yif xdkyk*dKvfomvQif tarGtm;vHk;udk ay;vkduf aom&[ef;wpfyg;onf rnfonhf0denf;awmf t& tjypf&Sdygoenf;[k t&SiftmeEmtm; ar;awmfrlavonf/ xdktcg t&SiftmeEmrSm tjypfr&SdaMumif; ajzMum;awmfrl&NyD; tavm

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf "ropmudk Tefjyonf/ wBuD ; ES i f h k w f w &uf a jymvd k u f r d o nf u d k not only the disciples but also the Teacher were sitting quietly. jyefvnfkyfodrf;awmfrl&ygavonf/ nOf h O D ; ,H t csd e f u k e f v G e f a vaomf ? Therefore Ven. Ajjuka said A&[ef;wdkYudk ulnDvdk&if;aMumihf? t&SiftmeEm nanda to decide his case. In the assembly of bhikkhus, Ven. 'Upali,' pre- eminent one onf bk&m;&Siftm; &[ef;wdkYudk EIwfqufawmf in Training Rulses (Vinaya), asked Ananda, rlyg&ef awmif;yefawmfrlyg\/ wpfpHkwpf&m if a person before he died, made a consent wHjYk yefawmfrrlbJ bk&m;&SiEifh &[ef;tm;vH;k rSm f S to give all his heritage to a person, and then to a bhikkhu who had given the heri- oef;acgif,HtcsdefukefvGefonhfwdkif xdkifvsuf tage to the very person according to the yif&Sdaeao;aomtcg t&SiftmeEmu 'kwd, consent, was guilty of which vinaya rules? tBudrf awmif;yefawmfrljcif;udkvnf; wHkYjyef So Ananda had to answer not guilty and awmfrrlcJhygay/ rdk;aomuf,HvGefajrmufNyD; had to with draw what he had said hurtk P f w uf c sd e f wwd , tBud r f a jrmuf riedly. onfwdkYrSm ol\trIrJhtrSwfrJh awmif;yefrIudkrl ,ckwpfBudrfwGif jyefvnf vkyfaqmifrI? taqmwvsifajymqdkrI? 0denf; wHkYjyefawmfrlyg\/ bk&m;&SifESihf &[ef;awmf t&mruRr;f usirwaMumihf jzpf&onhcRw,i;f rsm;tm;vHk;onf pwkwpsmefudk tajccHtjzpf f I Ykd f f G csufrsm;ygay/ xdkYtjyif psmeformywfESihf xm;NyD; t&[wzdkvfodkY 0ifpm;awmfrlaeMu ywfouf A[kowr<u,fojzih?f jzpf&yfwpfck aMumif;/ tu,fom tmeEmonf rdrdwdkY\ k pdwfudk em;vnfEdkifpGrf;&SdcJhvQif? olonf rdrdwdkY ay:cJh&ygao;onf/ These were his defects because tcsif;csif; t&d,mwdkYESihf avsmfuefxdkufwef of his inadvertent doing, saying hurriedly aom enf;vrf;jzihf EIwfqufaeMujcif;jzpf
and because he was unhandy in Vinaya, and there happened an event because of his lacking sufficient knowledge about Ja-tti (Attainment of Absorption). na sampa

25

aMumif;udk od&SdcJhygvQif? olukd,fwdkif tyifyef; cH &[ef;wdukd EIwqufawmfryg&ef bk&m;&Sif Yk f l udk oHk;BudrfwkdifavQmufxm;yefMum;vdrhfrnf r[kwfay[k rdefYMum;awmfrlvkdufygonf/

After first wacth of the night, Ananda, to help the bhikkhus, requested the Buddha to greet them. Without any response, they sat still to the end of middle watch of the night when Ananda made his second request which also was not responded. After the last watch, at the down time, when he made his third request which was now replied by the Buddha that Tatha -gata and all these bhikkhus were, taking the fourth Jhana as foundation, entering the Attainment of Fruition of Arahatship. If Ananda were able to understand their mind, then he would have know that they were greeting each other in the way fit for Noble Ones, he tiring himself, would not request the Buddha three times to greet the bhikkhus.

wpfcgwGif t&Sif ],aomZ} ESihf &[ef;ig;&mwdkYonf aZw0efausmif;awmfodkY a&muf&SdawmfrlvmMuNyD; atmfus,f[pfus,f jzihf uRufuRufnHaeMuygonf/ bk&m;&Sifu t&SiftmeEmtm; wHigwdkYig;vkaeMuovdk rnfowYkd uRuuRunaeoenf;[k ar;awmfrl l f f H ygonf/ t&SiftmeEmu taMumif;pHkwifjy avQmufxm;&m bk&m;&Siu xdowukd ESixwf f k l Ykd f k awmfrvuygavonf/ rMumvkuyg? bk&m;&Sif l kd f d f onf aZw0efrS a0omvDodkY a'opm&Dc&D;pOf uk#m*g&ausmif;awmfodkY a&muf&Sdawmfrl&m t&Sif,aomZESifh &[ef;wdkYudk txHawmfodkY ac:vm&ef rdefYMum;awmfrlygonf/ a&mufvm Muavaomf bk & m;&S i f t m; &S d c d k ; OD ; csMuNyD ; om0ursm;omru q&mocifyg wdwfqdwf NidrfoufpGm xdkifaeawmfrlMuygavonf/
Once, Ven. Yasoja and five hundred bhikkhus came to Jetavana and made clamour. The Buddha asked Ananda who were those calmouring like the fishermen taking fishes by force. Ananda reported all events to him who expelled them. Before long, the Buddha on the journey from -Jetavana to Vesali , arriving at Kutagara .- Monastery, asked Ananda to bring the Ven. Yasoja and bhikkhus to him. When they came, after paying homage to the Buddha

pmrsuf E S m 19 rS 'gudk jyefvnfpppfrnfqygu tarQmtjrifBu;D rdbu raumif;wmrSe;f odwmaMumihf d kd f tvSLcHvdkufwmjzpfonf/ rajymyavmufaom pmuav;wpfapmifqdkayr,fh b0twGuf tcdkifvHkqHk;rSwfwdkifwpfck jzpfygonf/ ]'D0efcHuwdudk toufxufqHk; vdkufemzdkYvnf; &nf&G,f qHk;jzwfxm;onf/ b0wpfoufvHk;vJ aeYpOfeJYtrQ uHig;yg;rS ok&mar&, odumyk'fudk tvdkvdkapmihfxdef;NyD;om;jzpfaeaomaMumihf tzdk;wef pmuav; wpfapmifvdkYqdk&ayrnf/ 'g[m rdbrsm;u om;orD;tay:xm;wJharwmaMumihf rjzpfoihfrjzpfxdkufwm rjzpf atmif wm;jrpfvdkuf&jcif;jzpfayonf/ i,fpOfu rdbESpyg;xHwif t&ufraomuf&ef uwdopmjyKconfjzpfom t&uf f G hJ taomufjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfEkdifonfrSm aocsmvSygonf/ opmpum;om rjyKcJhrdvQifjzihf pdwf tvdkvdkuf tenf;qHk; atmufxpfqHk;tm;jzihf wpfiHkawmh aomufrdrSmtrSefyifjzpfygvdrfhrnf/ 'g[m rdbrsm;&JU qdq;kH rrIaMumihf raumif;usK;d ay;wwfonfh tvkyqwm od&em;vnf k f kd dS rdygonf/ rdb\ arwm? ukPm? *kPfaus;Zl;rsm;udk yrmEdIif; xkwfjy&aomfNyD;Ekdif ukefEkdifrnfr[kwfygacs/ t&m&mudk tepfemcHwwfaom rdbrsm;udk jypfrSm;rI jyKcJholrsm;rSm ,ck b0rSp oHo&mtxd aumif;usKd;ay;vdrfhrnfr[kwfyg/ rdbrsm;&SdpOfrSm rdbrBudKufwm vkyfcJhNyD;rS pkawonhfaemufydkif;rSm oHa0*w&m; &&Sd&ifjzihf? &ifxkremjzpf&ayvdrhfrnf/ 'Dtcsdef[m aemufusoGm;NyDjzpfjrwfbk&m;yif u,fwif Ekdifrnf r[kwfawmhyg/ 'gaMumihf rdbrsm;&SpOfumv tcservGeao;aom umvrSmjzihf rdr\ tZwoPmef d d f f d rSm jzpfay:vmwJh yuwdtrSefoabmaqmifaom pdwfjzihf? rdrd\ rdbrsm; pdwfcsrf;ajrUatmif wwfEkdiforQ tpGrf;&SdorQ aeoGm;rnfqdkygvQif ,ckvnf;aumif;? aemifb0oHo&mvnf; aumif;Ekdifolwpfa,mufjzpfygvdrhfrnf/ 'gaMumihf om;orD;wdkif;taejzihf rdbwdkY\ tEdIif;rJharwmudk &nf&G,fa&S;Ivsuf um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuH uHoHk;yg;jzihf rjypfrSm;rdMuap&efESihf apmihfxdef;MuEkdif&ef tajccH &nfpdwfoef rdbarwmwkrEdIif;om} [laomaqmif;yg;jzihf wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfvdkuf&ygonf/ rdr\ teE*Ptif auR;arG;jyKpk ,k,ayGUyduvsuf tE&m,f tm;vH;k udk umuG,ay; d k f k f f cJhaom rdcif zcif teEarwm&SifwdkYtm; aqmif;yg;jzihf a&;om;uefawmhvdkuf&ygonf/ rdbaus;Zl; rdbarwm txl;em;vnfEkdifMuygap/ 0if ; Ek d i f O D ; ([oF m w)

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"r0D&onf t"rw&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

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Nid r f ; rif ; uk d ]]bmyJ j zpf j zpf jyef a y;oif h w ,f rrolZm}} wpf0rf;uGnrav; ]eDvm} ajymovkd J D yif ]olZm} jyefay;csiaomfvnf; pdwxuawmh f f J ray;ESifh[k wm;jrpfaeqJ/ [kwfawmh[kwfyg onf/ vkdif;um;pD;&if;u txkyftykd;awGESifh rEkireif;jzpfaekrQru [ef;zke;f uvnf; wwD d f H wDESifhtvkyfIyfaxG;aeaom OD;av;BuD;onf vki;f um;ay:wufvmNy;D jyefqif;&rnfrwwif d h S f dk a&mufawmh qwfueJqif;oGm;cJhpOf tdwfrsm; teuf ykuqtwwpfv;Hk u rarQmvifygbJus d f H d f f h use&pf cJpOf ]olZm} uawGU ,lvmcJjh cif;yif/ f h tdrf a&mufawmh nDr0rf;uGJ ]eDvm} ukajymjy d xkdtdwfudkzGifhMunfhvkduf&m wpfaxmifwefaiG wpfcsKdU? yef;a&mifEkdifiHom;rSwfykHwif? bPfaiG pm&if;pmtkyfESifhtwl wpfjcm;aom pm&Guf pmwrf ; rsm;? a&T q k d i f r S a bmuf c smaiG p m&if ; &Sif;wrf;awGu ]olZm} ukdawGa0apcJhonfyJ/ rnfokdYyifqkdap/ olZmtzkdYrSm xkdaiG aMu;rsm;ukd ukd,fusKd;twGufokH;pGJNyD; eD;pyf&m ae&mwpfckck xkdtdwfukdypfcscJhrnf[laom tawG; awG;awmaerdpOf ]eDvm} \pum; aMumifh pdwfysufoGm;cJhrdonf/ wpfaxmifwef aiGawGudk aoaocsmcsmav; a&wGufMunhf rnfqdk ygu (usy7aomif;) cefomom/ okaomf f Y Yd bPf a iG p k p mtk y f x J pk a pmif ; xm;aom aiGaMu;awGu usyfodef;(30)wdwd [kazmfjy xm;om ]olZm} odcJh&onfrkdY a&iwfwkef; a&wGif;xJusqkdovkd tu,f ykdif&SifxHokdY jyefvnf ay;cJrygvQivnf; wpfaxmifwefaiG h d f (usyf7aomif;)ESihfwuG xkdaiGpkpmtkyfxJrS aiG (usyfig;odef;)avmuf&rSom jyefvnfay;Ekdif rnf[lvnf; xyfqifhawG;rdcJhjyefonf/ aiG (usyfig;odef;) ukd&,lcsifonfhtaMumif;um; aemufwpfv tdrfiSm;awGajymif;oGm;rnfrkdY p&HaiGjyefvnftrf;&rnfhudp? aemiftdrfiSm; rsm;ukd riSm;vkawmhjcif;udpaMumifyif/ ,ckae d h xkdif&aomtdrfav;uusOf; tdrfiSm;rsm;udk &Sif;vif;vkdufvQif rdom;pkacsmifacsmifcsdcsd us,f us,0ef;0ef;av;ae&rnfrYdk aemufaemif f rnf o nf h t d r f i S m ;rsKd ; uk d r S riS m ;vd k a wmh a y/ okaomf rdrvaomaiGawGuawmh xkyi&ijf zpf Yd d dk d dk f S olu a&Sma&SmSLSLay;rnfwvm;/ ay;\ ray; hJ \[lonfum; ra&r&m? raorcsmudp/ ]eDvm} aoaocsmcsmav; pOf;pm;ae cJronf/ xkopOf;pm;rdvm;awmhrod/ zwfchJ h d d Ydk zl;aom bmoma&;qkdif&mpmtkyfav;xJu ]t'dEm'ge} ESifhywfoufqufEG,faom pmvkH; av;awGu EIwfxuf tvGwf&aeovkd/ ]]t'dEm'ge odumyk'fukdapmifhpnf; xde;f odr;f wJae&mrSm olwpfyg;ray;wmukd r,lHk h xde;f odr;f wmu tay:,Havmufxe;f odr;f wm d vkac:w,f/ olwpfyg;ck;d aewmukd qufrck;d jzpf Yd atmif umuG,fay;&JrS t'dEm'geodumyk'fukd tESpfom&xda&mufatmif apmifha&Smufxdef; odrf;w,fvkdYac:w,f}} [laom..... ]]rrolZmukd nDrav; em;vnfatmif &Sif;jyr,f}} eDvmpum;tqkH; rrolZm bmrS rajymbJNidrfaevsuf/ ]]b,f r aumif ; rI u k d y J v k y f v k y f vk y f c J h w J h ol [ mab;av;rsKd ; usa&muf wwf w ,f rrol Z m}} ]]bm..ab;av;rsKd; [kwfvm;}} ]][kwfw,f rrolZm tJ'Dab;av; rsKd;ukdodcsifovm;}} ]]at;}} ]]tJ ' D a b;av;rsKd ; uawmh 1/ y&mEk0g'ab;= olwpfyg;u pGyfpGJuJh&JU jcif ; / 2/twmEk0g'ab;= ukd,fhukd,fukdpGyfpGJ uJh&JU jcif ; / 3/'@ab;= axmif ' Pf ? ao'Pf tjypf cscH & jcif ; / 4/ 'k*wdab;= aoNyD;aemuf tyg,fokdYus a&muf j cif ; awG y J rrol Z m}} pum;tqk H ; ol Z m rsuf v k H ; jyL; rsufqHjyL;jzifh.. ]][if [kwvm;}} f ]][k w f w ,f rrol Z m nD r av;u w&m;pmtkyfawG bmoma&;pmtkyfawGxJrSm ygwJhtaMumif;awGukdajymaewm? rrolZm ,k H w mr,k H w m eD v meJ Y r qk d i f b l ; ? 'gayr,f h rw&m;rvkyfjzpfzkdYawmh wm;jrpf&rSmyJ}} ol Z mxH r S ouf j yif ; csoH a wG u [if;ueJ/ xkdtckduf eDvmu]]rrolZmodzu rrolZmrw&m;vkyf Ydk NyD ; cJ h N yD ; rS ud k , f h u k d , f u k d igrw&m;vk y f c J h rd y gvm;qk d w J h aemif w w&m;&cJ h & if

pG y f p G J u J h & J U wJ h tw m Ek 0 g'ab;eJ Y aovG e f NyD ; wJ h a emuf r S m vnf ; tyg,f a v;yg; us&wJ h 'k * w d a b;uk d a wmh rrol Z m rvG J wm raoGcHpm;&vdrfhr,faemf}} ]]bk&m;..bk&m;}} olZm qkH;jzwfvkdufygNyD/ nDrwpf0rf; uGJjzpfygaomfvnf; tpfrjzpfolrdrdukd vrf;vGJ rvkurzYdk bk&m;&Sia[mMum;cJwhJ a'oemawmf d f d f h awGeJYtnD cHpm; pHpm;&r,fh'ku okcawGukd uGJuGJjym;jym;jyooGm;EkdifcJhwJhtwGuf olZm awmfawmfav;wkefvIyfoGm;cJh&wmtrSefyif/ rdrdvuf&dSaomuESifhrajyvnfrIrsm; onfum; wpfpkHwpf&mjzifh ormtmZD0usus &Sifvif;EkdifonfyJ/ ormtmZD0usus&Sif;vif; jcif;\tusKd;qufESihftwl t'dEm'ge[laom tjypf a wG E S i f h & S i f ; vif ; jcif ; awG x J u ol Z m b,fvrf;ukdvkdufrvJqkdwmukd nDrwpf0rf;uGJ av;jzpfaom ]eDvm} \Tejf yoGeoifq;Hk rrIjzifh f odvmcJh&ojzifh ]eDvm} av;ukd txl;yJaus;Zl; wifcJhrdvkdufonhfjzpfjcif;/ xk d Y t jyif yk d i f & S i f x H o k d Y a &muf & ef rSwfykHwifu'fxJuvdyfpmtjyif bPfaiGpkpm tkyfxJrSm&SdaomvdyfpmawGu xyfwlxyfrQ/ ]]aMomf tckavmufqkd olawmfawmf aomua&mufaeyga&mhvm;}} qkonfh uk,csi;f d d f pmpdwfESifhxyfwl rdrdonf xkdokdYykdif&SifjzpfcJhrnf qkdyguvnf; ]]usaysmufjcif;}} tay: rnfrQ aomuAsmyg'awGjzpfvkdufrnfvJ qkdonfukd rawG;0HhawmhNyD/ ]]tl r rawmif h v Qif oD v rapmif h b l ; qk d w J h p um;pk [ m vl r k d u f u k d tm;ay;wJ h p um;pk ? tl r rawmif h j cif ; qk d w m qif ; &J w myJ ? iwf & if ck d ; oif h c k d ; r,f q k d w J h o abmxm;cJ h r d w J h i g..... pmrsuf E S m 27 ok d Y

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"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

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xif&Sm;aom q&mawmfBuD;rsm;\ Oyrmjy [mo&o

aus;Zl;qyfcsifw,fq&if kd
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anmif y if o m bl w m&G m &S d puf H k ausmif; q&mawmfOD;ynm0Hoonf acwfpepf ESihftnD tpdk;&taxmuftyHhcH tv,fwef; ausmif;zGihfvSpf &yf&Gm&Sd uav;oli,frsm;udk rlvwef;? tv,fwef;ynmtxd oifaponf/ xdkacwfu owrwef;ac: ckepfwef;atmifyg u atmufwef;pma&;? rlvwef;jyq&m? q&m r vkyfpm;&onf/ udkxGef;vSonf owrwef;atmif txufwef;qufvufroifbJ ausmif;q&m vkyonf/ xdrwqihf &yf&molBu;D tjzpf ta&G; f k S G cH & m acwf y nm(7)wef ; atmif N yD ; puf H k ausmif;q&mawmf\ wynh[aom t&Set0g f l d f jzihf olBuD;tjzpf ta&G;cH&onf/ olBuD;jzpfvmaomtcg t&Sdeft0g BuD ; vmovd k tpd k ; &tcG e f a umuf a y;aom aumfr&SifEIef;udkvnf; cHpm;vm&ojzihf aemuf ydkif;wGif v,fydkif? ,mydkifESihfwuG aemufqHk; qefpufydkifyg jzpfvmcJhonf/ xkdodkYjzpfvmaomtcg OD;xGef;vSu rdrdb0a&mufvm&onfrSm pufHkausmif; q&mawmf OD;ynm0Ho\ aus;Zl;jzpfaMumif;? aus;Zl;udk b,fvdkqyf&rSef;rodaMumif;[l taygif ; tazmf r sm;ud k rMumcPxk w f a zmf ajymjyonf/ odkYaomf q&mawmftm; vSL'gef;rI url tvGefenf;onf/ OD;xGe;f vSu q&mawmfrm rdrtay: S d aus;Zl;&SdaMumif;? aus;Zl;b,fvdkqyf&rnfudk rod [ k ajymjyaMumif ; ud k q&mawmf x H o k d Y tjcm;olrsm;u vma&mufavQmufxm;ojzihf Mum;od&onf/ wpfaeYOD;xGef;vS ausmif;odkYOykof apmihfvm&if; q&mawmfESihf pum;ajymrdMu q&mawmfu xdkudpudk rnfoluvmavQmuf xm;aMumif; ajymjyNyD; ]]at;at; rif;u q&m orm;aus;Zl;rarhwmvdk q&mawmfu tvGef csD;rGrf;NyD; aus;Zl;wifouGJU? 'gayr,fh b,fvdk aus;Zl;qyf&rSe;f rodb;l vkYd ajymwJpum;ukawmh h d pdkufwef;cif&Gmu orm;awmfq&mp ajymenf; ESihfajym&rvdkjzpfaew,fuGJU}}[k rdefYMum;onf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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29

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

30

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(ok w a&T o H v G i f ) bk&m;BuD;} yifjzpfygawmhonf/ jzL;q&mawmf q k d v Qif jref r ma&m ur m uygod & S d M uygonf / q&mawmf avmif;vsmukd ppfukdif;wkdif;? a&Tbkdckdif? a&OD; NrKdUe,f? yifpdrf;uif;aus;&GmwGif crnf;awmf OD;bvGif? r,fawmf a':a':arwkdYrS aumZm ou&mZf 1303 ckESpf wykdYwGJvjynfhausmf 8 &uf (7.2.1942) paeaeYwGif zGm;jrifawmf rlcJhygonf/ 1315 ckEp(1953)wGif &SiomraP S f f tjzpfcH,lNyD; EkdifiHawmftpkd;& ygVdyxrjyef pmar;yGJwGif yxri,f? yxrvwfESifh 1320 jynfhESpf (1958)wGif yxrBuD;wef;ukd 17 ESpfom;t&G,fwGif atmifjrifawmfrlygonf/ 1323 ck E S p f (1961) wG i f ppf u k d i f ; NrKd U ? ppf u k d i f ; awmif k d ; ? avuRef ; om,macsmif q&mawmf b'EaZmw"&ukd OyZmjyK&[ef; tjzpfuc,um rEav;NrKUd ESihf yckuL NrKUd wkwif dk H l Yd G rEav;pmoifenf;ESifh yckuLpmoifenf;wkdYukd auseyfavmufatmif oif,lcJhygonf/ Ekiiawmftpk;d & "rmp&d,pmar;yGudk d f H J 1324 ckESpf (1962) wGif atmifjrifawmfrlNyD; ]omoem"Z"r m p&d , } bG J w H q d y f a wmf u k d qufuyfc,awmfrygonf/ xkaemuf ppfui;f H l l Yd kd NrKUd ? ppfui;f awmif;dk ? avuRe;f om,macsmifEihf dk S yJc;l wki;f ? jzL;NrKUd yifpifvrf;? r[mpnfomoemh d &dyomwkwif wynh&[ef; omraP? omoemh f Yd G f EG,0ifov&Siq&mav;wktm; y&d,wpmay f D f Yd d rsm;oifMum;ykdYcsay;cJhygonf/ q|o*wdykpu? t*r[my@dw r[mpnfq&mawmfb&m;Bu;D \ TeMf um;oifjy k rIatmufwGif r[mowdy|mef0dyemw&m; awmfrsm;ukd usifhBuHBuKd;pm;yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf oif,lcJhygonf/ 1339 ckESpfwGif r[mpnfq&mawmf bk&m;Bu;D u jzL;q&mawmftm; yJc;l wki;f jzL;NrKUd ? d yifpifvrf;? r[mpnfomoemh&yom ausmif; d f xkdifq&mawmftjzpf wm0efay;cefYtyfcJhyg onf/ jrefrmEkiiwpf0ef;vk;H wGif tenf;qk;H d f H (10) &ufMum w&m;pcef;Xmeaygi;f (30)ausmf wkdYukd ESpfpOfESpfwkdif; ukd,fawmfwkdifOD;aqmif wynhftaygif;ESihfzGifhvSpfoifjyum y#dywd omoemawmfukd pGrf;pGrf;wrHxrf;aqmifawmf rlcJhygonf/ jzL;NrKdU r[mpnfomoemh&dyfom 0gwGi;f ok;H vumvywfv;Hk 0dyemw&m;pcef; rsm;zGivpoifMum;jyoay;Ny;D omoemawmf hf S f twGuf tem*wfrsKd;qufopf &[ef;awmfrsm; tm; w&m;tm;xkwfenf;? w&m;a[menf;? w&m;jyenf;wkdYukd ]ur|memp&d, "ruxdu} rsm; jzpfajrmufatmifjrifEkdifatmif TefMum; jyoay;awmfrlcJhygonf/ 1353 ckESpf (1991)wGif EkdifiHawmf tpk;d &rS q&mawmfBu;D tm; ]"ruxdu A[kZe [dw"&} bGJUwHqdyfawmfukd qufuyfvSL'gef; ygonf/ w&m;usrf;pmtkyf (13) tkyfa&;om; awmfrlcJhNyD; w&m;tyk'fa&aygif; ajrmufjrm;pGm ukd a[mMum;xm;cJhygonf/ jynfyEkdifiHrsm;jzpfaom xkdif;? rav; &Sm;? pifumyl? Mopaw;vs? t*Fvef? uae'g? tar&duefEiirsm;okYd <ua&mufum jrwfA'\ dk f H k r[mowd y |mef 0 d y emw&m;awmf r sm;uk d a[mMum;oifjyawmfrlcJhygonf/ 1369 ckEpwif ausmufuyfraumif; S f G ojzihf xki;f EkiiH befaumufNrKUd ? &mrEki;f aq;kH d d f d wGif ausmufuyftpm;xkd;vJvS,fcJh&NyD; jrefrm jynfESifhxkdif;EkdifiHukd tacgufacguftcgcg toGm;tjyef aq;ukorIc,c&\/ use;f rma&; H l hJ ,k,i;f vmaomfvnf; q&mawmf\ omomem d G jyKvkyfief;rsm;rSm &yfwefYraecJhay/ q&mawmf onf usef;rma&;vGefpGmqkd;0g;aeaomtcsdef? aq;oGif;ykdufwef;vef;ESifhyif NrKdUe,fwkdif;? &yfuuaygif;pkoYkd wGeqwf nnf;nLjcif;r&SbJ G f H Yf k d Ak'\ "rrsm;ukd trsm;jynfol'um'umr taygif ; od e m;vnf usif h o k H ; Ek d i f a p&ef <ua&muf a[mMum;oifjyawmfrlygonf/ q&m0efrsm; wynfh'um 'umrrsm; rS em;em;aeaejzifh omomemjyKawmfrlyg&ef avQmufxm;Muaomfvnf; q&mawmfBuD;u ]"ryviay:rSmyJ w&m;a[mMum;&if; omoemh f wm0efrsm;ukd qufvufvkyfukdif&if; omoem jyKaernf} [k &J&ihjf ywfom;pGm jyefvnfreMYf um; d awmfrlygonf/ Ak'jrwfpGm omoemawmfBuD; urmwnfoa&GUwk;d wufjyefym; wnf&aeap&ef Y G dS omoemjyKwm0ef r sm;uk d ,cif u twk d i f ; jyKvkyfNrJ? xrf;aqmifqJ? aqmif&GufawmfrlcJh ygonf/

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rdrd\toufukd iJhuGufawmfrrlbJ omoemawmfBu;D oef&i;f wnfwhH jyefym;Ekiap Y S G d f &eftwGufom &nfoef toufudky"me rxm;bJ ? t&m&muk d pG e f Y v T w f v S L 'gef ; NyD ; &J&ifhjywfom; wdusckdifNrJpGm omoemh0efukd xrf ; aqmif a wmf r l c J h a om ]jzL;q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;} onf oufawmf (69) ESpf? odum awmf (49) 0gt&wGif &efukefwkdif; vSKdifNrKdUe,f trSwf(5) &yfuGuf "r&udw jzL;r[mpnf omoemh&yom 1371 ckEp?f ewfawmfvqef; d f S (8)&uf (24.11.2009) t*FgaeYeHeuf(6;50) em&Dwif wpfb0cEm 0efxyudk kyor;f csKyNf ir;f G k f f d d awmf r l N yD ; omoemawmf t m; touf a y; vSLum]bk&m;tvkawmfus omoemhtmZmenf} d t&Sifaumif; t&Sifjrwfwpfyg; jzpfawmfrlcJh ayonf/ q&mawmfBuD;\ tEdrpsmyeylZm obif (25.10.2009) rS (29.10.2009)xd (5)&uf w k d i f w k d i f npOf w &m;yG J E S p f y G J p D j zif h ysOf ; rem;q&mawmf b ' E Z #d v ? arS m f b D r*F v mwk d u f q &mawmf O K;ok r *F v ? jrpf o m; q&mawmfb'E0go0? wdyd#u"& "rb@m *g&du pGe;f vGe;f q&mawmf b'EoE&? rEav; k 0g;cif;ukef;q&mawmf b'Ewdu? "r'lw q&mawmf a'gufwmt&SifaqudE? yJEG,fukef; q&mawmf b'EpEm0&? omauw rZdr *kPf&nfq&mawmf a'gufwmaum0d'? wGHaw; q&mawmf b'EEu? usKdufxkdq&mawmf b'EeaEmbmombd0Ho q&mawmfBuD;rsm;u a[mMum;csD;jrihfcJhygonf/ jzL;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ tEdrt*d psmye om"kuDVeylaZmfyGJukd (1371) ckESpf? ewfawmfvqef; (14) &uf? (30.11.2009) wevFmaeYwif "r&udwjzL;r[mpnf omoemh G &d y f o m trS w f ( 5)&uf u G u f vS K d i f N rKd U e,f &efukefNrKdU eHeuf (7;00) em&DrS aeYvnf (12;00) em&Dtxd tylaZmfcHxm;NyD; aeYv,f (12;30)wGif rEav;NrKdU jrawmif q&mawmf b'Eomoembd0Ho q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;rS Mo0g'uxm a[mMum;csD ; jr i f h a wmf rl ppf u k d i f ; awmif k d ; oD w *l A k ' w u o k d v f \ t"d y wd a 'guf w mt&S i f Pd & oD w *l q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; rS a&puf o G e f ; cs trQ twrf;ay;a0NyD; rGef;vGJ(3)em&DwGif &[ef; y&dowf vly&dowf axmifaygif;rsm;pGm wkonf Yd a&a0;okomefoYkd ykaqmifum tEr t*psmye Yd d d om"kuVe ylZmobifudk qif,if usi;f yylaZmf D cJhMuygonf/ jzL;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;um;ajymif;

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35

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36

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37

pmrsuf E S m 34 rS qpf u m 0,f , l o nf & S d a omf vif j zpf o l u bmvk y f z k d Y v J td r f r S m vnf ; &S d a ewmyJ tvum;tyk d t vk y f a wG [k a jymav&m r,m;rS m bmrQjyef r ajymbJ aps;0,f N yD ; tdrfa&mufvQif csufjyKwfpm;aomuf um wpfaeukef nbuftdyf&m0ifaomf r,m; jzpfolu a&rkd;csKd;NyD; eHeufu0,fvmaom oeyfcg;wkH;ukd ajcqkH;acgif;qkH;aoG;vdrf;NyD; td y f c ef ; wG i f ; ok d Y 0 if a &muf v maomtcg a,musfm;jzpfolrSm ESmacgif;wpfIwfIwfjzifh bmeH Y v J [ arG ; vd k u f w m[k ar;aomtcg ZeD;onfu 0,fwkef;uawmh wAspfawmuf awmufeJY ckrSvmNyD;awmh (olzkdYrSef;rod ukd,fhzkdY rSef;rod) [kjyefajymav\[k rSwfom;p&m &,f&Tifp&mtjzpf vkdufemjyKjyifEkdifatmif a[mMum;qkH;rawmfrlcJhjyefygonf/ q&mawmfb&m;Bu;D u ewf&medAmef k G pmrsuf E S m 23 rS eef ; ok d Y pH j ref ; awmf r l a vNyD ; jzpf y gonf / tvGec,Of;aom tcGita&;wpfrsK;d jzpfaMumif; f J hf jzpf&yfrsm;u oufaocHvsuf&Sd\/ ,aeY ]"ruxdu A[kZe[dw"&} b'Ee&ywd jrefrmEkii Ak'omoemawmfxe;f um;vsu&\/ jzL;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ oDv? orm"d? ynm dfH G f dS *k P f a wmf ? aus;Zl ; awmf w k d Y u k d &nf a rQmf xdkYaMumifh jrefrmEkdifiHawmfESifh BuHKBudKuf&jcif; a&;om;ylaZmftyfygonf/ wnf;[laom tcGihfta&;BuD;udk&vsuf&Sd\/ qif;&Jcsrf;om ow0gtaygif; xdkYaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;\tvkdawmftwkdif; aumif;usKd;vkd&mqEjynhf0ygap/ jrwfpGmbk&m;\omoemawmfudk toHk;csoifh ok w a&T o H v G i f ygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;\tvdkawmftwdkif; jrwfpGm bk & m;\ omoemawmf u d k toH k ; usatmif Bwd r D ; aMumif ; ..usd K ; toHk;csjcif;[lonfrSm avmuudk Ak'bmom rsupjd zifh Munfwwfatmif tm;xkwjf cif; jzpf\/ f h a'goeJYao vlwdkYonfrdrdwdkY\ b0wpfavQmufcsrf;omudk rSwfygaqG &SmMuonfrSef\/ xkduJhokdYcsrf;omudk &Sm&m a&mufav..i&JrSef/ wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;csrf;omudk &SmazGMucsif;wlaomf avmbeJYao vnf; tjrifcsi;f um;rwl/ avmuudk Ak'bmom rSwfygaqG rsuf p d j zif h M unf h N yD ; csrf ; omuk d & S m jcif ; jzpf y gu a&mufav..NydwmrSef/ ]]tuk o k d v f p d w f j zif h ppf r S e f a omcsrf ; omud k arm[eJYao &SmazG&d;k r&S/ ukovpwjf zifom ppfreaom d dk f d h S f rSwfygaqG csr;f omudk &SmazG &k;d &S\}} [ljrifNy;D xdtjrif d k a&mufav..wd&pmef/ jzifhom csrf;omudk &Smayvdrfh rnf/ xdktjrifjzifh uHoHk;yg; csrf;omudk &Smjcif;[lonfum; rdrdwdkY ywf0ef; vGefBuD;rm; usi&dS tnw&rsm;tay: MunfpwuarG;Ny;D f kd d f kd rSwfom;..'kucH/ xdkuJhodkYarG;Edkifatmif &wemoHk;yg; Munfdk uHoHk;yg; qnf ; uyf N yD ; ? xd k u J h o k d Y q nf ; uyf & m vnf ; enf;apjim; tnw&rsm;tay: o'gESifh *g&0udkxm;Ekdif rSwfom;..usihfMuBuH/ atmif[aom &nf&,csujf zifh qnf;uyfjcif;yif l G f uHoHk;yg; jzpf\[l oabmaygufum tnw&rsm;tay: uif;apjim; Munfpwukd arG;Ekiatmif tm;xkwtyfyg\/ kd d f d f f rSwfom;... okcpH/ / OD;a&Tatmif a&T b k e f ; [d e f ;

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

38

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(O'yge'l o uZmwf ) a&S;oa&mcg jynfAm&m ]]odywe}} t&yfrSm/ a&wGif;wpfck&Sdavyg/ Ak'avmif;vsm xdka'o &[ef;jyK aeoy/ wpfaeYumv a&mufaomtcg ajracG;wpfaumif a&mufvm/ ,kwfrmaumufuspf olYpdwf&if;? zsufqD;cJhaygY xdka&wGif;/ &aohwpfoif; wpfaeYwGif pnf;vHk;nDTwf tuGufqif/ Oyg,fwrsOf Pfupm; xdkajracG;udk zrf;rdwum;/ xdkajracG;tm; aqmif,lum? bk&m;tavmif;qD a&mufoGm;yg/ Ak'avmif;vsm olYudkar; tjzpfrSefppfaq;/ b,ftawG;eJY bm&nf&G,f onfa&wGif;udk zsuf&w,f/ usifBuD;usifi,f ra&SmifvTJ bmaMumihfonfrSm pGefY&ovJ/ tajz&JygY ajracG;rSm? odkYjyKonf "rwm/ ajracG;wdkY\ tpOftvm/

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twd w f \ yH k & d y f ,ckwifquftyfaom xdkZmwfudktcgwpf y g; Ak ' j rwf p G m bk & m; aZw0efausmif;awmf oDwif;oHk;awmfrlcdkuf? a&wGif;udkzsufqD;aom ajracG;wpfaumifudk taMumif;jyKNy;D xdZmwfukd a[mMum;awmfrjl cif; k jzpfygonf/ ajracG;wpfaumifonf &[ef; oH C mwd k Y t m;xm;&m aomuf a &wG i f ; xJ o d k Y usif B uD ; usif i ,f w d k Y u d k p G e f Y xd k a &wG i f ; uk d zsufqD;oGm;avonf/ xdkajracG; aemufwpf Budrfjyefa&mufvmaomtcgrl omraPwdkY onf xdkajracG;udk 0dkif;0ef; tkwfcJwdkYjzihf ypfcwfEypuf armif;xkwypfvuMf uavonf/ dS f f kd ajracG;vnf; xdkt&yfodkY aemufxyfrcsOf;uyf 0H h a wmh a y/ w&m;obif &[ef ; oH C mwd k Y xdkajracG;taMumif; ajymqdkaqG;aEG;aeMupOf jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif <ua&mufvmNyD; oifwdkY rnf onfhtaMumif;t&mudk ajymqdkaqG;aEG;aeMu oenf;[k &[ef;oHCmwdkYtm; ar;jref;awmfrl onf / &[ef ; wd k Y u xd k a jracG ; taMumif ; ud k ajymqdaejcif;jzpfaMumif; jyefvnfavQmufxm; k onf/ xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu xdkajracG;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

39

2 ]]avmuNir;f csr;f rIEihf om,mpnfyifzNYGH zKd ;wk;d wufr&&Sap&ef}} Ak' "rw&m;xGe;f um;a&;? avmuygvw&m;ukd avmuom;tm;vk;H d S I d
ESvkH;oGif;vufcHusifhokH;EkdifMuapa&; vkdtyfygrnf/ 2 pmrsuEmae&mwGi?f q&mBu;D OD;a&Tatmif\ ]]Ak'avmuom;wk\ tEIi;f rJaus;Zl;&Sif (uk,usiA'0if)}}rS yg&rDawmfrsm;ukd f S Yd d h d f hf k jznfhusifhawmfrljcif;}} tykdif;\ tESpfxJrS tESpftpktcsKdUukd zwfrSwfvG,fulusifhokH;Ekdifap&ef a&G;xkwfazmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/ t,f'DwmtzJGY

apwD a wmf u d k xD ;wif onf E S i f h wl a om ]rif;}\b0

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trSeftm;jzifh avmu aq;jzpfap? tqdyfjzpfap? ,if;wdkY\toHk;usrIESifh toHk;rusrIonf ,if;wdkYtay: y"me

&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf &J&ifhwnfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh b0ukd &ifqkdifvsuf atmifjrifpGmjzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY "r0D&*sme,f zwfMupkdU

In Memory of Beloved First-One

aojcif;uif;&m - pd;k &drjf cif;rSuif;a0;&m

b0wpfcktwGuf csrf;ajrUzG,ftodmPfw&m; aygufzGm;jcif;
[Hom0wD-OD;tkef;BudKif
The monsoon had set in. The sea was almost black under the dark heavy clouds and the wind was tearing at the trees. It would rain for a few days, torrential rains, and it would stop for a day or so, to begin again. Frogs were croaking in every pond and the pleasant smell the rains brought filled the air.

comforting wisdom for a life

rkwoe&moDa&mufcNhJ y/ yifv,fjyif[m ndK Urdi;f tHqi;f aewJh rd;k om;wdrvyawGatmufrm yde;f ydwvrwwf rnf;aeav&JU/ rd;k oufav f k f D I Yk kd f d f S f k jyif;u opfyifawGudk 'vMurf;a0SU&rf;wdkufcwfNyD; opf&GufopfcufawGudk tydkif;ydkif;jzpfatmif qkyfNzJa`cGypfvdkYaew,f/ &uftenf;i,favmuf awmh rd;k utqufrjywfoBJ u;D rJBu;D &GmaevdrO;D r,f/ enf;enf;auseyfavmufNyqrS pJom;r,fyrsK;d jzpfaew,f/ aemufxyf wausmjh yef&mygvdrO;D r,f/ fh D kd G h kH G fh 'Dvdk rdk;oHavoHawG Mum;&NyDqdkwmeJY rdk;OD;&JU zm;atmfjrnfoHawGvJ a&tkdifurf;em;uefpyfawGrSm qlnHvdkYaeNyDjzpfw,f/ qGwfysHUMunfEl;p&m rkwfokef&eHYwdkYu rkd;oufavOD;eJYtwl 0ef;usifwpfcdkrSm jzwfoef;wdkufcwfysHUESHUoGm;av&JU/ pmrsuf E S m 12 ok d Y
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THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

'getp-cspfjcif;u
By Dhamma Vi-ra Thandar Aung, ITBM University, Yangon,

Charity begins at love

" r 0D & - o Em atmif

pG e f Y B uJ a y;urf ; vS L 'gef ; jcif ; -'ge

ing away as a gift or donation is dana.

That helps people in need; Charity- Dana.

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If one gives with a firm belief in kamma and its results, and if one does so with keenness and a feeling of joy at the time of giving and also before and after, that gift is indeed a great gift.

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