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Address
Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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txif t &S m ; awG U Ek d i f a yonf / orZOfav;rsKd;&Sdonf/ orZOf(4)yg; (1) omwuorZOf= tusK;d &Sd r&Sudk d qifjcif tusKd;&SdrS IrSwfjcif; (2) oyg,orZOf= tusKd;yif&Sd aomfvnf; rdrd ESihfoihfavsmfrQwrI &Sd&jcif; (3) a*gp&or Z Of = rd r d a exd k i f usuf p m;&mae&mES i h f "r o nf w&m;tm;xkwf&eftwGuf avsmf uefoihfjrwfjcif; (4) toarm[ orZOf=rawGra0 (u) ]orZOf} [lonf orZme[laom ygVd a 0g[m&rS qif ; ouf v mjcif ; jzpf o nf / jrefrmvdk ]ESvHk;oGif;qifjcifjcif;} [krSwfom;Ekdif onf/ tNrJrjywf owduyf SLrSwfaeaom yk*dKvfudk ]orZme um&D} [kac:onf/ ]orZm aem=todPf&Sdonf? [kwGm-jzpf? um&D jyKavh&Sdaom yk*dKvf[kqdkayonf/ ]w&m;xdionf} [laom toH;k tEIe;f k f onf bk&m;kyfyGm;awmfa&SUrSm odkYr[kwf rdrd tdyf&mxufrSm odkYr[kwf qdwfNidrfaomae&m odkYr[kwf &dyfomwpfckckrSm xdkifw&m;IrSwf jcif;udk qdkMuonf/ trSefpifppf w&m;tvkyf onf xdirQr[kw?f oGm;jcif;? &yfjcif;? xdijf cif;? k f kH k avsmif;pufjcif;[kqtyfaom &d,mykx(t&d kd f ,mykxfr[kwfyg)av;yg;wdkYwGif rdrdBudKufESpf ouf&m? rdrdESihftqifajyaom &d,mykxfjzifh w&m;tm;xkwfEkdifayonf/ tmemyge ac: 0ifav? xGufavudk IrSwfjcif;? ur|mef;udk pD;jzef;rnfqdkvQifawmh wifyvifacGxdkif IrSwf&rnfjzpfaMumif; r[mowdy|meokwfwGif a[mMum;xm;ay onf/ orZOfPf,SOfqifjcif IrSwfyGm; rsm;jcif ; or Z meyA u d k v nf ; r[mowd y|meokwf? um,mEkyem IrSwfcef;wGif qifjcifEkdifjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/ (c) trl t &mwd k i f ; rS m I r S w f y g orZmeyA-orZOfPf,SOf SLrSwf &mwGif rdrjd yKvyvy&m;aom trlt&mwdi;f udk k f I f S k rjywfrvyf IrSwf&onf/ tbduaE-y#duaE orZmeum&D a[mwda&SUodYk wnfwnfom;pOfrw&onf? h h G I S f aemufoYkd jyefvnqwcmpOfwivnf; orZOf S fh k f G G f Pf,SOf rvGwfatmif IrSwf&avonf/ ]tmavmud a w-0d a vmud a w orZmeum&D a[mwd} a&SUodkY wnhfwnfhMunhfpOfwGifvnf; aumif ; eH a b;od k Y apmif ; iJ h M unh f p Of w G i f vnf;aumif; owdtrSwf ynmuyf IrSwf& onf/ ]orddaw yom&daw orZmeum&D a[mwd} qefxm;aom vufuauG;aomtcg Y kd auG;aomvufukd qefxwaomtcgwdvnf; Y k f Yk IrSwf&onf/ ]oCFm#d yw pD0&"m&aP orZm emum&D a[mwd} 'kuk#fac: ESpfxyfouFef;BuD; oydwf? ouFef;udkaqmif&mvnf; (0wfHk&mvnf;) trSwfowd rjywf&Sd&rnf/ tod a w-pm;aomtcg? yd a waomufoHk;aomtcg? cg,daw-cJ(pm;)aom tcg? om,daw-vsuaomtcgwdvnf; or f Yk Zmeum&D-tod,Of qifjcifjyKvy&ayonf/ S k f ]Opm& ym0 uar orZmeum&D a[mwd} (atmuf x pf q H k ; )usif B uD ; pG e f Y & m usifi,fpGefYaepOftcgrSmyif IrSwfrI rarh&yg/ xkdYjyif *aw-oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;aecsdef? Xdaw-&yf wnfaecse?f edoaE-xdiaecse?f okaw-tdyae d d k f d f cse?f Zm*&daw-Ed;k vmcse?f bmodaw-pum;ajym d d csdef? wkPSdbma0-qdwfqdwfaecsdefwdkYvnf; orZmeum&D-ynmjzihf qifjcifjyKavh&onf/ dS a[mwd-jzpf\/ odkYjzpfay&m rdrdwdkYonf rnfonfh tcsd e f r S m rS w&m;vuf v G w f r aeoih f y g? odaMumihyif w&m;xdionf? w&m;xdiaeonf Yk f k f k f qdMk u&m0,f w&m;"rtvkyonf xdiaeHom f k f k vkyf&rnfr[kwfaMumif; odomxif&Sm;apcsif ygonf/ trl t &mwd k i f ; rS m owd & S d y g rdrwonf w&m;tvkyjf zihf xde;f csKyf d Ykd tm;xkwfaernfqdkygvQif b,fae&mrSmrqdk b,ftcsdeftcgrSmrqdk udk,ftrlt&m pdwftrl t&m jzpfpOfrsm;udk owd? ynmjzihf qifjcif tpOfxm0& IrSwfaeMu&rnfr[kwfygavm? odkYaomf rdrdwdkYtygt0if ykxkZOfqdkolrsm;tzdkY owdrvGwfzdkY rvG,fulMuao;yg? ynmorZOf qifjcifrwEizYkd cufcaeMuao;onfukd 0efcH I S f dk f J Mu&rnfomjzpfygonf/ tNrJrjywf w&pyfI rSwfyGm;rsm;awmfrlEkdifMuaom a,m*Dyk*dKvfwdkY onfum; ky"mwf emrf"mwfw\ y&rwftppf f Ykd jzpfrI ysufrIoabmppfppfudk odjrif jzpfysuf csKyfqHk;&m oEdokctjrwfqHk;odkY a&muf&Sdawmf rlom;MuavNyr[kwavm/ BuKd ;pm;oihygonf/ G D f f BudK;pm;tm;xkwf&ef wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfyg\/ (*) *pmrDwd pdwH OyZwd a&S;OD;pGm oGm;csifaompdwfjzpf\/

FORE ARTICLES
"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ wH 0g,H Zaewd - pd w f u oG m ;csif 0ga,mpdwfu vIyf&Sm;/ oGm;csifaompdwfudk IrSwf&onf/ pd w m Ek y em owd y |mef / oGm;csifaompdwfu 0ga,m"mwfudk jzpfaponf/ 0ga,m0dnmwd Zaewd-0ga,m"mwf H u vIyf&Sm;jcif;(oGm;vmjcif;)udkjzpfap\/ ]pdwud&d,0ga,m"mwk 0dyga&e ouvum, yk&awm tbdeD[ma&m *reE0pw}d d k pdwZ0ga,m ac: pdwfuvIyf&Sm;ap aom 0ga,m"mwfaMumihf cEmudk,f tpdyf tydi;f tm;vH;k wd\ vIy&m;jcif; oGm;vmjcif;wdYk k Yk f S jzpfay:&onf[k qdkvdkayonf/ oG m ;csif w J h p d w f u emrf w &m; oG m ;vmvI y f & S m ;aewJ h cE m ud k , f u kyfw&m;? uGJjym;vQif emrly y&d a p ' Pf oG m ;csif w J h p d w f u taMumif ; w&m w &m ; oG m ;aewJ h k y f c E m utusKd ; w &m ; w&m taMumif ; w&m;ES i h f tusKd ; w&m;omjzpf a Mumif ; od r f ; qnf ; od j rif vQif yp , y&d * [ Pf / taMumif ; tusKd ; omjzpf o nf h emrf k y f w &m;wd k Y t ay:rS m ig? ol w pf y g;? a,musf m ;? rd e f ; r? yk * d K vf ? ow 0 g? ZD 0 ? tw r pG J v ef ; vQif ou m ,'d | d u G m onf / O','aee Oap''d|d yZ[wd tjzpf u d k j rif v Qif O ap ' d | d p if \ / 0,'aee ow'd|d yZ[wd yZ[wd tysuf u d k j rif a omf o'd | d u,f pifMu, Ekdif\/ Oap''d|u jywfrm;(onfb0Ny;D vQif d S jywfa&m[k,lqol) ow'd|du-qufrSm; (b0qufwkdif;aumif;pm;a&; ckdifNrJonf[k ,lqol) ,if;'d|drsm;ESihf ,HkrSm;rI oHo, 0d p d u d p m rsm;ud k t<uif ; rJ h z,f & S m ;Ek d i f y grS yxredAmefac:onfh aomwmywdr*f Pf? zdkvfPf&&SdMuygvdrfhrnf/ b' E Z ed E o m&(o' r a Zmwd u "Z)

Ak'*wum D d
q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) vuk@u b'd, aw& 0wK

Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0wdjynf aZw0efausmif;awmf aeawmfrlaomtcg tvkH;t&yfi,faomaMumifh vuk@u o'gjzifh txl;jyK vuk@u b'd,rax&f[kwGif aom &[Emukd omraPxifrSwfMuukefaom (t&nuif) awmae&[ef;okH;usdyfwkdYukd taMumif;jyK ]]e awe axa&m aom a[mwd}} paom ESpf*gxmukd a[mawmfrl\/ e awe axa&m aom a[mwd? a,e yvdwH oda&m/ y&dyaum 0a,m w? ]]armCZdaPm}} wd 0kpwd/ ,rSd op "arm p? t[d Hom oH,arm 'arm/ o a0 0Eravm "Da&m? ]]axa&m}} wd y0kpwd/ jref r muAsm OD;acgif;tjyif qHyifazG;jzL? jzpfkHrQvnf; ax&fBuD;r[l? xkdoltouf &ifhusufjcif;rl? usKd;rNyD; csnf;ESD;tkdrif;ol/
He is not therefore an 'elder' merely because his head is grey; ripe is he in age, ''old-in-vain'' is he called.

pum;ajy/ / tMuiftaMumif;aMumifh xkd&[ef;\OD;acgif;onf azG;azG;jzLumrQjzifh pum;ajy (ax&trnf&Sd) &[ef;BuD;rjzpf/ xkd&[ef;onf touft&G,ftm;jzifh BuD;&ifhjcif;ukd tcsnf;ESD; aom tkdrif;jcif;[lqkdtyf\/ jref r muAsm avmukwfw&m; pum;rSefacR rnif;apmifhx oDvajE? ysKdUtefNyD;vpf tnpf&Sdap? PfckdifNzD; ax&fBuD;rdefY>rufacR/
In whom are truth, virtue, harmless, restraint, and control, that wise man who has cast out impurities is indeed called an elder.

pum;ajy/ pum;ajy / tMuifyk*Kdvf rSefaompum;ukd qkdjcif; (0g? wpfq,fh ajcmufcsuf opmeufukd odjrifjcif;) vnf;aumif;? aumif;jrwfaom t&nftcsif; (avmukw&m w&m;) onf vnf ; aumif ; ? rn O f ; qJ j cif ; onf v nf ; aumif ; ? oD v apmif h p nf ; jcif ; onf vnf ; aumif ; ? ajEig;yg;ukd qkH;rjcif;onfvnf;aumif; &Sdukef\/ ysKdUtefNyD;aom tnpftaMu;&Sdaom xkdynm&Sdyk*dKvfukd PckdifNzD; rax&fBuD;[k qkdtyf\/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

qifjcifo;kH aqmiftyfaom ypn;f av;yg;

H &SifP(zsmyk)
&[ef;awmfrsm;ESifh omraPrsm;tzdYk ausmif;? ouFe;f ? qGr;f ? aq;ponfh av;yg;aom ypnf;wdkYrSm? ypa0uPm=qifjcifoHk;aqmif Mu&aom ypnf;rsm;jzpf\/ ypnf;av;yg; tvSLcH&pOfESihf oHk;aqmifMuaomtcgwdkY ypa0uPm-qifjcifenf;ESpfrsKd;jzihf qifjcif Mu& onf? qifjcifyqifjcifenf;ESprsK;d wdrm(u) kH f Yk S "mwkypa0uPmenf;ESifh (c) y#duvypa0u l Pmenf;wdkYjzpf\/ "mwk y p a 0u P menf ; "mwkypa0uPmqdkonfrSm "mwftaejzihf qifjcifjcif;jzpf\? qifjcifenf; rSm ]ausmif;? ouFe;f ? qGr;f ? aq; av;yg;aom yp n f ; wd k Y o nf taMumif ; tm;avsmf p G m jzpf a om t|uvmyf " mwf t pk t a0; rQomwnf; ausmif;? ouFef;? qGrf;? aq; av;yg;aom ypnf;wdkYudk oHk;aqmifrSD0Jrnfh yk*dKvfonfvnf; "mwftpkrQomwnf;} [k qifjcifoHk;aqmif&rnf jzpfonf/ y#d u l v yp a 0u P menf ; y#duvypa0uPmqdonfrm qGr;f l k S abmZOf tm[ma&y#dulvonmur|mef; twkdif; qifjcifNyD; ]tvHk;pHkaom ouFef;p aom ypnf;wdkYonf? rdrdwdkY\ rlvoabmt& pufqkyfzG,fr[kwfaomfvnf; udk,faumif ykyfodkY a&mufMuukefonf&Sdaomf pufqkyfzG,f ppfppfjzpfMuukef\} [l pufqkyfzG,ftae jzihf ESvHk;oGif; qifjcifoHk;aqmifMu&rnfjzpf onf/ uJhodkYaom ypa0uPmESpfenf; jzihfausmif;? ouFef;? qGrf;? aq;ponfwdkYudk tvS L cH & &S d p Of qif j cif x m;tyf o uJ h o d k Y oH;k aqmifaomtcgwGivnf; ypa0uPmwif f qifjcif oHk;aqmifaom &[ef;? omraPwdkY \ oHk;aqmifrSD0Jjcif;onf tptqHk;tjypfuif; aom oHk;aqmifjcif;jzpfavonf/ yp n f ; av;yg;tm; jref r mjyef q if j cif e nf ; ouF e f ; ]ouF e f ; ac:rS D ; ? yp n f ; um;? olYcsnf;bmom? wnfaeygu? &GH&SmzG,frsKd;? r[kwE;kd vnf;? ykyo;kd nDa[mif? ud,aumif f f k f jzihf? oHk;aqmiforI? taMumif;jyK? ckrMum aom? olYoabmwdkY? vsifaqmazsmufjy,f? uif;pif uG,fonf? pufqkyfzG,fjzpfawmhrnf wum;}/ qG r f ; ]qGr;f [kac:rS;D ? ypn;f um;? olcsnf Y bmom? wnfaeygu? &GH&SmzG,frsKd;? r[kwfEdk; vnf;? ykyfodk;nDa[mif? ukd,faumifjzihf? oHk;aqmiforI? taMumif;jyK? ckrMumarm? olY oabmwd?Yk vsiaqmaysmufjy,f? uif;pifu,f f G onf? pufqkyfzG,fjzpfawmhrnfwum;/} ausmif ; ]ausmif;[kac:rSD; ypnf;um; olY csnfbmom? wnfaeygu? &GH&SmzG,frsKd;? r[kwf Edk;vnf;? ykyfodk;nDa[mif? udk,faumifjzihf? oHk;aqmiforI? taMumif;jyK? ckrMumarm? olYoabmwdkYvsifaqmaysmufjy,f? uif;pif uG,fonf? pufqkyfzG,fjzpfawmhrnfwum;/ aq; ]aq; [kac:rSD;? ypnf;um;? olY csn;f bmom? wnfaeygu? &G&mzG,rsK;d ? r[kwf H S f Edk;vnf;? ykyfodk;nDa[mif? udk,faumifjzihf? oHk;aqmiforI? taMumif;jyK? ckrMumarm? olY oabmwd?Yk vsiaqmaysmufjy,f? uif;pifu,f f G onf? pufqkyfzG,fjzpfawmhrnfwum;} [l jrefrmvdkqifjcifNyD; oHk;aqmifvQifvnf; tjypf uif;pifaom oHk;aqmifjcif;jzpfayonf/ uJhodkYausmif;? ouFef;? qGrf;? aq; paom ypnf;av;yg;wdkYukd rSD0JoHk;aqmifMu&m "mwkypa0uPmenf;? y#duvypa0uPm l enf;ESpfenf;wdkYjzihf qifjcifoHk;pGJjcif;rSm? tjypf uif;pifaom enf;vrf;jzpfonfudk ,HkrSm;uif; pGmrSwf,ltyfayonf? wpfenf;tm;jzihfvnf; (1) ax,sy&dabm*? (2) Py&dabm* (3) 'g,Z y &d a bm*(4) omrd y &d a bmpaom y&dabm*av;yg;wdkY\ t"dyg,fudk qifjcifI yGm;Ny;D ypa0uPm qifjcifjcif;\ tusK;d pD;yGm; udk ,Hrm;oHo,uif;&Si;f pGmjzihf ,HMk unftyfay k S onf/ (1) ax,sy&d a bm* oDvr&Saomyk*Kd vrsm; ypn;f av;yg; d f udk oHk;aqmifjcif;onf oHCmhtv,frSmae oH;k aqmifapumrl cd;k onfEiwaom oH;k aqmif S fh l

jcif;=ax,sy&dabm*=omrnf\/ pum;csyf/ (oDv&Sdaom yk*dKvfwdkY twGufomvQif jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ypnf;av; yg;udk oHk;aqmif&ef cGihfjyKxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ 'g,umwdkYuvnf; rdrdwdkYaumif;rItwGuf tusKd;BuD;&ef &nfoef oDv&Sdaom yk*dKvfwdkY tm;om vSL'gef;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ odkYjzpf xdkausmif;? ouFef;? qGrf;? aq;paom ypnf; av;yg;wdonf oDvr&Saom 'kv yk*Kd vwYkd Yk d D f ESihf vHk;0roufqdkif? xdkuJhodkY roufqdkifygbJ vsuf oHk;aqmifjcif;onf cdk;onfESihfwlaom oHk;aqmifjcif;=ax,sy&dabm* jzpfonf[k rSw,tyfayonf/) f l (2) Py&d a bm* oDv&Sdaom yk*dKvf\ ypa0uPm =qifjcifrrjyKbJ oH;k aqmifjcif;onfvnf; a<u; I ,lonfESihfwlaom oHk;aqmifjcif;jzpf P y&dabm*-rnf\/ xdaMumihov&Saom yk*Kd vf Yk f D d onf ouFef;udk udk,frScGm oHk;aqmifaom tcgwdkif; qifjciftyf\/ qGrf;udktvkyfwdkif;? tvkyfwdkif; qifjciftyf\/ odkYrS rwwfEkdif vQif eHeufcif;tcsdefrSmjzpfap? oef;acgif,H tcsdefrSmjzpfap? rdk;vif;cgeD;tcsdefrSmjzpfap? qifjcif&rnf? odkYrSrqifjcifbJ tkPfwuf oGm;vQif a<u;,l oHk;aqmifaom Py&d abm*jzpfavawmh\/ (3) 'g,Z y &d a bm* atmuf t &d , mck e pf y g;jzpf a om aou=usihfqJyk*dKvfckepfa,mufwdkY\ ypnf; av;yg;udkoHk;aqmifjcif;onf? tarG;cHpm;& pmrsuf E S m 19 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/ usihf0wfodumudk wnfaqmufjcif;jzpfonf/ Ak'tbd"rmt& tusihfodumESihf ywfouf 0g'uGJjym;rIr&Sd? tusihfodum[l onf oDv? orm"d? ynmjzpf\? ,if;udkodum (3)yg;[kac:onf/ odum(3)yg; yGm;rsm;vQif wPSm? rme? 'd|dwdkYavsmhenf;oGm;Murnfjzpf onf/ ,if;udkavsmhenf;oGm;vQif avsmhenf; oavmuf igrSig? igYOpmrS igYOpm[laom odrf;ydkufrIonfvnf; avsmhenf;oGm;rnfjzpf onf/ xdktcg arwm? ukPm? rk'dwm? Oayum[laom jA[pdk&fw&m;rsm; yGm;rsm;vm NyD; avmu ppfrSefaom csrf;om? ppfrSef aom Nidrf;csrf;rIrsm;ay:aygufvmavonf/ Ak'tbd"rmt& tusihfodum\ tESpfom&jzpfaom odum(3)yg;udk rnfonfh yHoPmefjzihwnfaqmuf wnfaqmuf wPSm? k f rme? 'd|dwdkYjzihf odrf;ydkufrIavsmhenf; jA[pdk&f w&m;av;yg;wd k Y j zih f vl o m;tcsif ; csif ; qufoG,frIqkdif&musihf0wfrSeforQudk vufcH onfomjzpfygonf/ Oyrm a&Tukd vufaumufyvyf vky?f J k vufpyyvyvy?f qGBJ uKd ;yJvyvy?f a&TppfvQif G f J k f k k f k vufcHouJhodkY usihf0wfrsm;udkvnf; rnfonfh yHpjH zihf jy|mef; jy|mef; wPSm? rme? 'd|enf;jzihf k d jA[pdk&fw&m;yGm;rsm;rIrsm;vQif Ak'tbd"rmu rSefuefaomusihf0wftjzpf vufcHonfom jzpfygonf/ toGifoPmefESihftESpfom&wdkY\ qufoG,frIudk Ak'tbd"rmu rSefuefaom usihf0wftjzpfvufcHygonf/ odyHynmenf;jzihf tPkjrLAHk;udkyJ vkyfvkyf? vudkyJoGm;oGm; tmumo,mOfudk yJaqmuf aqmufudpr&Sdyg? toHk;cswwfvQif? tqdyyif udyif aq;tjzpftoH;k cs &ygonf/ f k udp&onfrm odyypn;f rsm;udk odMu dS S H aom xdkxdkyk*dKvfwdkY\ rdrdwdkY\ odyHtodudk ol c snf ; vT w f r xm;bJ rd r d w d k Y u d k , f w k d i f u tbd"rmodNyD; tbd"rmtodjzihf xdef;csKyfuGyf uJNy;D avmu\ tpD;tyGm;twGuf vlusi0wf Y hf odumrsm;udk vdkufemusihfoHk;um avmu\ ppfrSefaomcsrf;omESihf Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk &&Sdap &ef aqmif&Gufwwfa&;yifjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumihf at'D (20)&mpkwGif ay: aygufcJhaom odyHynmaMumihf ,aeY urm onft&ifESifhrwl wrlxl;jcm; aysmfarGUzG,f aumif;aomfvnf; olcsn;f vTwxm;ygu umr f *kPfupm;uGif;? umr*kPf aysmfarGUzG,fBuD;jzpf oGm;ygrnf/ xkdYaMumihf odyHynmudk olcsnf;vTwf rxm;bJ bDpD(6)&mpkwGifay:cJhaom tbd"rm jzihf xdef;csKyfuGyfuJ avmupD;yGm;twGuf aqmif&GufMu&ygonf/ e,f y ,f t m;jzih f od y H t od o nf usOf;\/ tbd"rmtodonf us,f\? odyH tod oGm;wdkif; tbd"rmtodu vdkufEkdif ygonf/ odyH todoGm;wdkif; tbd"rmtodu rvkuaomf avmuonf 'kubb0odYk OD;wnf d f kH oGm;ygonf/ odyHtodoGm;wdkif; tbd"rmtodu vkdufaomf avmuonf okcbHkodkY OD;wnf\? ppfrSefaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;odkY csDwuf&m odyH onf a&S U awmf a jy;jzpf tbd " r m onf rif;{u&mZfjzpfonf/ odkYjzihf odyHESihf tbd"rm obm0 udk qefYusifbufjzpfatmif qufpyfay;ae&yg rnf/ wu o d k v f o Qif o D & d ? ("r m p&d , bD a t)

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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CONDITIONAL RELATIONS OF THE CAUSE Of WORLDLY PHENOMENA

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CONDITIONAL RELATIONS OF THE CAUSE Of WORLDLY PHENOMENA

12

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CONDITIONAL RELATIONS OF THE CAUSE Of WORLDLY PHENOMENA

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13

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tm&rP-tmHkjzpfaus;Zl;jyKwwfaom? yp,-ypnf;w&m;oabm tvkdt&? em;aygufu 0dyemIrSwfyGm;rsm; oGm;qJtcgwdkY wGi?f wuRuRrnf ajcvSr;f wdi;f vSr;f wdi;f ysuysuvduaeaom zdeyfowuaomfvnf;aumif;? wa'gufa'gufjzihf SL;zdeyfp;D olw\ ysuysuf d d k k f f k f H Ykd kd Ykd f vdkufaeaom zdeyfoHwdkYudkvnf;aumif;? wzswfzswfjzihf ysufvdkufaeaom vTmzdeyfoHwdkYudkvnf;aumif;? PfESihfrdatmifIMunhfMuonfjzpf ]tedp? tedp} [k toHysufcsufwdkif;udk IrSwfum oGm;vmjcif;udk jyKMuygu tm&rPyp,enf;jzihf owduyfvsuf IrSwfyGm;rsm;um c&D;oGm; aeMuolrsm;jzpfMuavonf/

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tm&rPypnf;rsKd; y|mef;enf;us &xdkufaom ypnf;wdkYonfum; (1) tm&rP? (2) tm&rPm"dywd? (3) tm&rPlyed,? (4) 0wm&rP yka&Zmwed,? (5) tm&rP yka&Zmw? (6) 0wm&rPyka&Zmw 0dy,kwf? (7) 0wm&rP yka&Zmwwd/ (8) 0w m &r P yk a &Zmw0d * w/&S p f y g;aomyp n f ; wd k Y o nf r d r d w d k Y t mH k j yKjim;pd w f a pwod u f w &m;wd k Y t m;xd k u f o nf h tm;avsmf p G m rdrw\tm&rPponfowdj zifaus;Zl;jyKMuuke\[k jrwfpmbk&m;w&m; a[mMum;awmfronfurwom;Mu&ygonf/olawmfaumif;taygif;wd/ d Ykd h h f G l kd S f Yk [Hom0wDOD;tkef;BudKif

TALK ON THE DHAMMA

14

"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

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cif a rmif r k d ; (awmif B uD ; ) 'kvbw&m;ig;yg;wGif 'kvbmo'gorwd[lvnf;aumif;? 'kvbmorwd[lvnf;aumif; &Sd&mwGif? o'g orwd&Sdu roihf[k oDvuef#Dumopfq&mu qdkygonf/ or w d w pf y g;wnf ; jzih f r&paumif ; xdkpum; vdk&if;tcsKyfrSm orwd'kvbwGif? o'gorwd wpfyg;wnf;r[kwfay/ (1) ywdly a'o0go onfvnf;aumif;? (2) `Edf,+ ta0uv- rsufpd? em; paom a`ErcsdKUwJh jynhfpHkjcif;onfvnf;aumif;/ (3) o'gw&m;ESifh jynfhpHkjcif;onfvnf;aumif;/ (4) tjcm;aomjynfhpHkjcif;onfvnf;aumif;/ orwrsm;pGm tusKH ;0ifavonf/ xdaMumihf o'gorwd wpfck d Yk wnf;udkqdkygu? orwd*kPfESihf rjynhfpHkonfjzpf? o'gorwd[k wpfcwnf;qdjkH zihf roif/ 'kvborwqrom oihonf[qayonf/ k k h d kd S f k kd pOf ; pm;zG , f & m taMumif ; w&m;rsm; 'kvbw&m;ig;yg;wGif 'kvbjzpfxkdufaomw&m;wpfckpD wpfckpDudk okyfxkwf jyqdkonf/ Ak'Kyg' umvwpfyg;/ vlYb0&jcif; u wpfyg;/ &[ef;jzpfjcif;wpfyg;/ w&m;em&jcif;uwpfyg;[l ta&; BuD; y"meusaom w&m;wpfyg;udkom xkwfjy\/ tu,f 'kvbw&m; 5 yg;wdkY&Sdaom orwdtm;vHk;wdkYudk 'kvb[k owfrSwfygu? ,cifav;yg;xkwfyHk,lyHkwdkYESifhrwl wrlxl;jcm; uGJjym;aernfjzpfonf/ wu,fawmh ta&;BuD;NyD; y"meusaom orwd wpfcsufudkomxkwfjyoihfonf[k qdkMuygonf/ onfvnf; pOf;pm; axmufxm;zG,ftcsufjzpfayonf/ vl Y b 0od k Y a &muf v mvQif bmta&;tBuD ; qH k ; enf ; tcsufudk yykAedrdwokwfjzihf jyqdk&m\/ ewfjynf ewf avmu ewfom;wpfa,muf pkwdpdwfusawmhrnfjzpfygu? rdwfaqG ewftaygif;wdu pum;oH;k cGe;f rSmwrf;oH;k csuwuajymqd xdewfom; Yk f Ykd kd k k tm; ESpfodrfhMuapukef\/ ]]td k r d w f a qG . .ewf j ynf e wf & G m rS cG J c G m oG m ;&onf u d k 0rf;renf;ygESihf? rMumrD toifewfom; ae&modkYjyefa&mufvm Ed k i f o nf h e nf ; vrf ; aumif ; &S d y gw,f ? rd w f a qG . .}} (1) ewf j ynf r S ok * wd r nf a om vl Y j ynf o d k Y o G m ;yg avmh / (2) vl Y j ynf o d k Y o G m ;? &wemoH k ; yg;ud k Munf n d K aom o'gw&m;wnf;[laom aumif;aomvmbfxl;vmbfjrwfudk t& ,l y gavmh / (3) xd k o ' g w&m;wnf ; [l a om aumif ; aomvmbf u d k yk x k Z Of o ' g rS t&d , mo' g jzpf cd k i f N rJ a tmif j yKvk y f y gavmh / um; ESpfodrhfrSmwrf;oHk;csufwdkYjzpfavonf/ ta&;tBuD ; qH k ; &,l o if h a omt&m okwf vlYb0odkY&vma&mufvmMuaomtcg ta&;tBuD; qH;k &,loifaom t&mum;? bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemawmfjrwfo;kH yg; h wdkYudk MunfndKaomo'gw&m;jzpfonfudk txufygESpfodrfhtrSmpum; oHk;csufwdkYu jyqdk\/ o' g or w d ' k v b tvG e f t a&;BuD ; \/ ,if;pum;udaxmuf? rEkw'vb&MuNy;D vQi?f o'gor k k wd'kvbonf tvGefyifta&;BuD;vSayonf/ xdkYaMumihf 'kvbo'g orwd&SdrS ,cifjyqdkcJhaom yykAedrdwokwfjzihf nDGwfrnfjzpfonf/ onfvnf; axmufxm;zG,f tcsufaywnf;/ 'A r vyk w a x&my'gef v m*gxm xdkYjyif Ak'Kyg''kvb o'g'kvb[k jyqdkaom ygVdawmfvnf; &Sd\/ xdkygVdawmfonfum; ty'gefygVdawmf 'Arvykwax&my'gefvm *gxmjzpfonf/ uyjrwf p G m vuf x uf u &[ef ; 7-yg; uyjrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAmefpHvGefawmfrlaomtcg &[ef; 7 yg;wdkYonf oHa0*BuD;pGmjzpfawmfrlMu awmifuvmyfwpfckay:odkY wufMuNyD;? wufvmMuaom avSum;wdkYudk jzKwfcsvsuf? toufpGefY w&m;tm;xkwfMuav\/ xdk&[ef; 7 yg;wdkYwGif? ,ck a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifvufxuf awmftcg &[Emrax&frsm;jzpfawmfrlvmMuaom? &Sif'A? &Sifobd,? &Sifukrm&uy? yuKomwdrif;? 'gkpd&d,tavmif; aygif; &[ef; (5) OD;wdYk yg0ifMu\/ xdawmifuvmyftay: tBu;D qH;k rax&fu usef k &[ef; 6- yg;wdkYtm; qHk;rMo0g'pum; ajymMum;awmfrlavonf/ w'g Mo0'd a em axa&m? Ak ' K y g a'g ok ' k v a bm/ o' g wd 'k v b m v' g ? axmuH aoo omoeH / ed y wE d cPmwD w d ? teaE 'k u o m*a&? wo m ya,ma*g uw a A m ? ,m0|mwd rk a erwH / (tyg'gefygVdawmf? 'k-124) *gxm\vd k & if ; tcsKyf u m; ]]ihg&Siw..? oifwonf Ak'K yg '- 'kvbudvnf;aumif;? twd f Ykd Ykd k 'kvbo'gudvnf; &&ScMhJ uNy/ omoemawmfEpt<uif;um; tenf;i,f k d D S f om use&awmhonf/ &&Sxm;Muaom Ak'K yg 'e0rcPudk ausmveom; f dS d f G f G aom olwdkYonf 'kuork'&mxJodkY usa&mufMu&ukef\/ xdkYaMumihf ur|mef;w&m;udk jyif;xefpGmyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfMuygavmh}} ]]Ak'Kyg''kvb- twd'kvbo'g}} [k 'kvbESpfyg;wdkY wkdufdkufvm\/ o'gtwd'kvb[laom ygXfjzihf o'gorwd'kvbudk wdkufdkufyifjyqdkonf/ xd k Y a Mumih f ? 'k v b mo' g or w d [ l a om 'k v b ok y f u d k aumif;pGmvufc,MkH unfxuvygonf/ onfvnf; axmufxm;pOf; H kd f S pm;zG,f&m tcsufyifjzpfonf/ odkYvQif 'kvbw&m; (5) yg;wdkYudk jyqdkMu&mwGif? 'kvbm o'gorw[k jyqdrom txufjyqdcaom ,kwom"uwdjYk zihf cdicif d k S k hJ d k f kd rmrm ,HkMunfxdkufaMumif; odrSwftyfayonf/ ]]Ak ' K y g a'g 'k v a bm? o' g wd ' k v b m v' g ? axmuH a oo o m oeH } } cif a rmif r d k ; (awmif B uD ; )

PODIUM DHAMMA
"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

15

ykxkZOfzGifhqkdcsufESifh ed,mr"rwmoabmrsm;
Nid r f ; csrf ; OD Ak ' " r a 0g[m&rsm;t& yk x k Z e[k y gVd b momqd k a om ykxZOfy'teufukd t&d,m r[kwaom omrefy*Kd v[k jrefrmtbd"mef k k f f k f wdu zGiqMkd uNy;D ? t*Fvytbd"mefwu Puthujana- worldling;person Yk hf d f Ykd still saddled with mind defiling passions. of. ariya. vdkYzGifhqdkNyD;? jrefrm t*Fvdyftbd"mefu Ordinary human being (with the usual failing and foibless [kzGifhqdkonf/ jrefrm t*FvdyfygVdtbd"mefu ykxZOfy'udk common people, commoner omreftodPfom&Saom k k f d vlNydef; vlomref [l zGifhqkdygonf/ t|omvd e D t |uxmrS zG i f h q k d c suf r sm; ykxkZe (ykxkZOf) yk'f\ teuf t"dym,f wpfq,fhESpfyg;ukd yg|dy#uwfawmf "ro*FPD (t|omvde) yg|dawmfEihf t|uxm wkwif d D S Yd G atmufygtwkdif; zGifhqkdazmfjyawmfrlonf/ (1) yk x k u d a vao ZaeE D w d y k x k Z e m/ ykxk= rsm;pGmaom udavomwkdYukd+Ze= jzpfap wwfaomaMumifh ykxZOfrnf\/ k (2) yk x k t 0d [ w ou m ,'d | d u mwd y k x k Z e m/ ykxk= rsm;pGmaom ry,fowf&ao;aom? oum ,'d|d&Sdaom+Ze= ow0g? ,if;teufaMumifh ykxkZOfrnf\/ (3) yk x k e mem ow m &meH rk c rk a v m ud w mwd yk x k Z e m/ yk x k = txl ; xl ; aomq&mwk d Y \ rsuf E S m uk d wpf a rmh a rmh E S i f h arQmfMunhfMuukefaom+Ze= ow0g? xkdYaMumifh ykxkZOfrnf\/ (4) ykxk oA*wD[d t0k|dwmwd ykxkZem/ ykxk= tvkH;pkHaom*wdwkdYrS (rxajrmufao; aom) +Ze= ow0g? xkdYaMumifh ykxkZOfrnf\/ (5) yk x k e membd ocF g a& tbd o cF a &mE d w d yk x k Z e m/ ykxk= txl;xl;aom tbdocFg&uHw&m;wkdYukd +Ze= jzpfapwwf pDrHjyKvkyfwwfaomaMumifh ykxkZOfrnf\/ (6) ykxkemem MoaC[d 0k,SEDwd ykxkZem/ ykxk= txl;xl;aom MoCw&m;wkdYonf (oHo&ma&tvsOfaMum arQmtyfaom) +Ze= ow0g? xkdYaMumifh ykxkZOfrnf\/ (7) ykxkemem oEmay[d oEyEdwd ykxkZem/ yk x k = txl ; xl ; aom yl y ef j cif ; wk d Y j zif h ? yl y ef a p wwf a om udavomw&m;wkdYjzifh ylyefwwf aom+Ze= ow0g? xkdYaMumifh ykxkZOfrnf\/ (8) ykxkemem y&d|ma[wd y&d!,SEDwd ykxk Zem/ yk x k = txl ; xl ; aom yl a vmif w wf a om ud a v omwk d Y o nf avmiftyfaom+Ze= ow0g? xkdYaMumifh ykxkZOfrnf\/ (9) yk x k y o k umr*k a Pmok &w m *d ' g *wd w m yk p d w m taZmoE m v* g v* d w m yvd A k ' g wd yk x k Z e m/ ykxk= rsm;pGmaom umr*kPfwkdY wyfrufNiduyf awGa0oufa&muf uyfNizUJG ,Suv;Hk axG;wwf aom +Ze= ow0g? xkaMumifh ykxZOfrnf\/ d f Yd k (10) yk k x k y [ d eD 0 &aPm[d tm0k w m ed k w m Moyk & m yd [ d w my#d p E m y#d u k Z d w mwd yk k x k Z e m/ ykxk= rsm;pGmaom ig;yg;aom eD0&Pw&m;wkdY onf wm;jrpftyf ydwqtyf zk;H vTr;f tyf zk;H tkyf xm;tyfaom+Ze= ow0gjzpfjcif;aMumifh f Ydk ykxZOfrnf\/ k (11) ykxleH 0g *Pe yxrwDwmeH t&d,"r y&rKcgeH eDp"r ormpm&meH ZemeH taE m *"w m yd yk x k Z e m/ ykxk= a&wGufrqkH;Ekdifatmif rsm;vSukefaom t&d,mwkdY\w&m;udk rsufESmvTJukefaom ,kwfrmaomtusifh&Sdaom ow0gwkdY tusKH; 0ifaom+Ze= ow0gjzpfjcif;aMumifh ykxkZOf rnf\/ (12) yk x k 0 g 0d o k H a ,0 ocsF H * awm 0d o H o aVm oD v ok w m'd *k P ,k a w [ d t&d a ,[d Zae [D w d 0 g yk x k Z a em/ oDv okw tp&Sdaom*kPfwkdYESifh,SOfukefaom t&d,myk*KdvfwkdYrS? ykxk= toD;tjcm; ra&m,Suf aom+ Ze= yk*K vow0gjzpfjcif;aMumif?h ykxZe d f k = ykkxZOfyk*Kdvf[k rnfavonf/ ykxkZe blrd ykxkZe*wd b0Ed {wmwdblrd? *pEd{wmwd *wd/ ykxkZemeH blrd? ykxkZe blrd/ ykxkZemeH*wd? ykxkZe *wd/ ykxkZOfwkdY\"r wmoabmtm;jzifh jzpf&mvm;a&muf&m jzpfaomaMumifh ,if;wk\ ed,mr"rwmoabmukd ykxZeblrd ykxZe*wd Yd k k k [k qkdygonf/ ykxkZe blrd (3) yg; (1) tw'd|dukd ckdifNrJpGm,lvsuf&SdMuojzihf udavomwkdY xufoefjcif;/ (2) 'kpkdufuHwkdYrsm;jym;jcif;/ (3) tyg,fav;yg;wHcg; [if;vif;yGifhvsuf&Sd aejcif;/ aygif;ykxkZeblrd (3)yg; jzpfygonf/ txuf y g bl r d o k H ; yg;wk d Y k u k d z G i f h q k d & m azmf j yaom tcsuBf u;D ok;H &yfwudk wpfqifcsi;f xyfr&i;f vif;zGiq&rnfjzpfygonf/ Ydk h H S hf dk (1) ud a vomwk d Y xuf o ef j cif ; trd u k d o wf j cif ; paom tmeE & d , uH BuD ; rsm;uk d usL;vG e f E k d i f M ujcif ; / ew d u ? ta[wk u? tBud , wnf ; [l a om ed,wrdpm'd|dBuD; okH;yg;wkdYukd vG,fvG,fESifh,lEdkifjcif;jzpfygonf/ if ; uH B uD ; rsm;uk d usL;vG e f E d k i f o nf t xd ,if ; rd p m 'd | d t,l0g'rsm;ukd pGJNrJpGm&,lEkdif onftxd tvGeftuJ udavom x<uxufoefaeonf\tjzpfokdY qkdufa&mufaejcif;jzpfonf/ (2) 'k p k d u f w k d Y rsm;jym;jcif ; tw'|tpGBJ u;D pGcaom ykxZOfonf terw* oHo&mwpfcif d d J hJ k G raumif;rI'kpkdufuH wkdYukd trsm;qkH;vGefusL;cJhavonf/ if;onf vlewfjA[mb0xuf tyg,fb0 usifvnf &onfursm;aomaMumifh 'k p k d u f t wk H ; tcJ B uD ; [k qk d & ravmuf a tmif 'k p k d u f u H a wG u rsm;jym;vSav\/ pmrsuf E S m 16 ok d Y

DHAMMA DWE

16

"r0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

o'g? ynm? owd? arwm? ukPm? rk'dwm? Oayumtwkrsm;

mpm) oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm Ak'bmom omoemawmf0if olawmfpifwdkYtoufxufqHk; pG,rwom;a&SmifMuOfoifMh uygaom o'g? ynm? owd? arwm? ukPm? J l S f rk'wm? Oayumw&m;twkrsm;ud?k tbd"rmyd#uwf "ro*FPygVdawmf d D ESihf t|uxmusrf;rsm;tjyif? oN*K[fbmom#DumwdkYrS aumufEIwf azmfjy tyfygonf/ o'gtwkqdkonfrSm t,lrSm;aomwdwdwdkY\ bk&m;w&m; MunfnKd jcif;onf o'gtwkjzpfonf/ rdpm"darmu[k ac:ygonf/ w&m; udk,frSm arm[jy|mef;aom tukodkvfpdwKyg'f jzpfygonf/ wenf;qd&aomf? Ak'bmom0iftcsKd Uwdonf OD;yi;f ESihf ud&if k Yk k rsm;udk pGJvef;MunfndKMujcif;um;? o'gtwkjzpfonf/ wPSmjzpfonf/ ]]wPS m o' g , 0a w d } } [k qdkrdefYygonf/ teufum; wPSmonf? o'g,- ,HMk unfouf0ifro'gw&m;ud?k 0aw- vSnywf I d fh [efaqmifwwfay\/ ynmtwkqonfrm tukovt&mwd owfenf;? jzwfenf;? kd S kd f Yk vdrfenf;? vSnhfywfenf; ponfjzihf? vdrfrmuRrf;usifvmbfjrifjcif;onf? ynmtwkjzpfavonf/ vSnhfywfjzm;a,mif;jcif;? [efaqmifjcif;? [dwf [efxwjf cif;? trlvyjf cif; ponfjzpf? rm,m[kvnf;ac:onf/ w&m; k k udk,ftm;jzihf wPSmt&aumufjzpfonf/ owdtwkqdkonfrSm t,lrSm; tjrifrSm;aomwdwdwdkY\ bk&m;? w&m;rsm;udk vufcH,HkMunf trSwf&jcif;? atmufarhjcif;onf owdtwkjzpfavonf/ rdpmowd[kac:onf/ onmjy"mef;aom tukodkvfpdwKyg'ft&aumuf/ arwmtwkqdkonfrSm orD;&nf;pm;? vifESifhr,m;wdkY\ tcspfonf arwmtwkjzpfavonf/ w&m;udk,ftm;jzihf wPSmt& aumuf/ wenf;qdk&aomf? om;orD;? rdb? aqGrsdK;wdkYudk &if;ESD;cspfcif Mujcif;onfvnf; arwmtwkjzpfonf/ a*[dwayrtcspf[kac: onf/ tdrfaxmifhrdom;pk tcsif;csif;pGJvef;aom wPSmtEkpm;? tyg; pm; t&aumuf/ ukPmtwkqdkonfrSm vifr,m;? om;orD;? aqGrsdK;? rdwf o*F[ &if;ESD;cspfcifMuolwdkY 'kuqif;&Ja&mufojzihf oem;jcif;onf? ukPmtwkjzpfonf/ w&m;udk,fum; aomuomjzpfonf/ OayumtwkqdkonfrSm cspfjcif; rkef;jcif;r&Sd/ avmbbuf odkYvnf; ryg? a'gobufodkYvnf;ryg/ Mum;aeppfppf vspfvsLIEdkifaom w&m;onfom Oayumtppfjzpfonf/ xdkodkYrSr[kwfvQif Oayumtwk omjzpfonf/ w&m;udk,frSm wMwrZwwm t&aumuf/ tjrifuyfrI a'go&if;cH jzpfcsif&mjzpfyap[k ta&;rpdkuf aMumcki;f rIum; Oayumtwkomjzpfavonf/ a'gojy"mef;aom a'go d rl tukodkvfpdwKyg'ft&aumuf/ rd c if z cif w d k Y om tppf t rS e f & S d a omw&m; arwm? ukPm? rk'dwm? Oayumwnf;[laom jrwfaom tusihfjzpfonfh jA[0d[m&w&m;tppfwdkYudk trsm;qHk;usihfaqmifEdkifol wdkYrSm avmuwcGife,ftjyif rdcifzcifaus;Zl;&SifwdkYom jzpfMu onf/ (tbd"ryd#uwf? "ro*FPDygVdawmfESifh t|uxm (t|om vdeD) 292 ESifh oN*K[fbmom#DuwdkYrS xkwfEIwf azmfjyygonf/) ]]w&m;jrif o d Pf r suf p d & S d a wmf r l E d k i f M uygap..}} oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm) pmrsuf E S m 15 rS vl e wf j A[ m b0tenf ; i,f ur uPf &H z ef & H c g &ojzifh ukokdvf okpkdufuH tenf;tusOf;om&cGifh&SdcJh\/ uJhokdYaom yk x k Z Of y k * K d v f t m; twd w f ' k p k d u f u H a wG teaE m teE jyef a jym rjyEkdifavmufatmif rsm;ajrmif vSav\/ if;tzkdY oum,'d|d rjyKwfao;ygu tem*wf'kpkdufuHawGuvnf; 'keJYa';jzpfvdrfh OD;rnf jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh ykxkZOfrSeforQ 'kpkdufuH awGrsm;jym;jcif;[laom ed,mroabmonf tckdiftNrJpGJ jzpfwnfaeav\/ 3/ tyg,f w H c g; [if ; vif ; yG i f h v suf & S d a ejcif ; yk x k Z Of o w 0 gonf vl t jzpf wnf aeaomf v nf ; tw'd|dESifhwuG 'kpkdufuHawG toacsFteEyg&SdaeonfhtwGuf i&J? wd&pmef Nydwm? tol&um,fwnf;[laom tyg,fav; yg;okdYom udkif;Idif;vsuf&Sdae\/ tw'|rjyKworQumvywfv;Hk ykxZOftzk&m tyg,fbonf d d f k Yd Hk ukd,fhtdrfukd,fh,m qkd&avmufatmif xm0&aexkdif&mjzpfaeay onf/ pw m a&m tyg,m oua*[o'd o m ("r y '? t|uxm) tem'd t eE r sm;vS p G m aom'k p k d u f u H a wG u tyg,f o k d Y cs&atmif 0kdif;tkHapmifhaebd ouJhodkY&Sdav&m xkdykxkZOfyk*KdvftzkdY&m tyg,f wH c g;onf tNrJ x m0& [if ; vif ; yG i f h v suf & S d a e onf [ k qkd&rnfjzpfav\/ okdY ykxkZOfrSefu (1) udavom tNrJwrf;tm;aumif;aernf/ (2) tyg,fokdYypfcs&ef 0kdif;tkHapmifhaeaom raumif;rI'kpkdufuHa[mif;? uHopfawG rsm;ae rnf/ (3) tw'd|drjyKwforQ? 'kpkdufuHrsm;\vufcsufjzifh tyg,fokdY {uefus&rnfjzpfojzifh tyg,fwHcg;BuD; [if;vif;yGifhaernf/ ed,mroabmBuD;okH;rsKd;wkdYuukdykxkZeblrd ykxkZe*wd [k q k d a Mumif h v,f w D q &mawmf bk & m;BuD ; u tar;yk p m &S i f vef'efyg|da'0D rppf kdif;a';Apf okdYjyefMum;pm? v,fwDEkdifiHjcm;ykpm tajzaygif;csKyfwGif azmfjyonfukd ukd;wifjy tyfygonf/ Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

DHAMMA TALKS
"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/

17

tmkHcHpm;rIwkdY&JU tvGefrSm . . .
oknvl
tdrwcg;zGivuw,fq&ifyJ tat;"mwfupdrv/ rd;k aomuf f H fh dk f kd f Ykd tkP[m ESi;f &dyEi;f aiGUMum;rSm aysmufq;kH oGm;cJw,f/ vrf;ay:rSm.. f f S h usef;rma&;twGuf vrf;avQmufolawG? aps;a&mif;xGufolawG? vkyfief; cGif0ifzdkYoGm;MuolawGeJY pnfum;vdkYvmaeygNyD/ ESif;pdkaewJh jrufcif;jyif udk jzwfavQmuf&if; uefom,ma&v,fuRe;f qDukd oGm;cJygw,f/ uefukd h rsuEmrlxm;wJh cHwef;av;rSm xdivucsermawmh ESi;f wdMYk um; xd;k cGxuf f S k k f kd f d f S J G vmwJh eHeufcif;aea&mif[m uRefawmhf&JUpdwftmHkudk wcJeuf zrf;pm; vkdufawmhw,f/ ESif;cGJaea&mifjzmxGufrI&JUtvSw&m;rSm pdwftmHkcHpm; rIepfvdkY t&m&mtm;vHk;udk cPwmarhoGm;cJhw,f/ pdwf&JUtmHkqdkwmbmvJ/ jrifp&m? Mum;p&m? teHY? t&om? xdp&m? odp&mrSeforQ pdwf&JUusufpm;&m tmHkawGyJ r[kwfvm;/ rsufaph? em;? ESm? vQm? udk,f? pdwfqdkwJh tmHkcHt*FgpHkpHknDnDeJY arG;zGm; vmwJvom;wdi;f tJ'tmHawGukd xdawGUcHpm;EdiMf uygw,f/ wu,fvYkd h l k D k k ZD0urtm;jzihjf zpfjzpf? pdwaA'tm;jzihjf zpfjzpf? tmHcpm;rIuif;rJaer,f k H h qdk&if aoaewJholvdkjzpfaer,f/ 'gaMumihf uRefawmfwdkY[m tmHkcHpm;rI awGeJY aexdkifMuw,fvdkYqdk&rSmjzpfw,f/ pdwf[m tmHkr&SdbJ r&yfwnf Edkifyg/ tmHkwpfckr[kwfwpfck tNrJwrf; ,lxm;&ygw,f/ eHeuftdyf,mu Edk;uwnf;u pdwfwHcg;zGifhvkdufw,fqdk&ifyJ pdwf[m tmHkawGaemuf aumufaumufygatmif vdkufawmhwmygyJ/ uRefawmfwdkYpdwfrSmjzpfaewJh vdktifqEjzpfpOfudk apmihfMunhfr,fqdk&if aemufxyftmHcpm;rIvupm;p&m tNr&aeygw,f/ 'Dawmh pdwqwm k H dk f J dS f kd [m vdktifqEawG&JUwm0efudk xrf;aqmifaewJh ud&d,mvm;/ 'gudk qef;ppfzdkY vdkygw,f/ vdktifqEawG[m pdwfudk rdrdESpfoufwJhtmHkudk ,lz?Ykd rESpoufwtmHawGukd a&SmifcmzdYk tNrwrf;tm;xkwaeapygw,f/ f hJ k G J f vdtifqEawG[m ESpoufwtmHawG&&&if ESpoufom,m k f hJ k f wJh pdwfcHpm;rIeJY odrf;ydkufr,f/ tJ'DtmHkudk NiD;aiGUoGm;&if aemuftmHk topfwpfcu&mr,f/ tqif;? toH? teH?Y t&om? txdtawGUawGom k kd S vQif tmHkcHpm;rIr[kwfbl;/ ynm&yfqefwJh tmHkawG? ed,mrqefwJh tmHkawG? 'eqefqeftmHkawG? *Dw? kyf&Sif? pmay? tEkynmeJY ywfoufwJh tmHkcHpm;rIawG? t&ufuay;wJh tmHkcHpm;rIawG? rl;,pf aq;uay;wJh tmHcpm;rIawG? vdiaysmyg;rIuay;wJh tmHcpm;rI? wpfck k H f f k H ck atmifjrifoGm;vdkY&wJh yDwdokc? aemufqHk; w&m;"rrSm arGUavsmfwm vnf; tmHkcHpm;rIygyJ/ uReawmfwoaewJtcsuu b,ftmHcpm;rIyjJ zpfjzpf tmHk f Ykd d h f k H cHpm;rIwdkif;[m NyD;qHk;aysmufuG,foGm;&wmcsnf;ygyJ/ 'DtcgrSm tmHk cHpm;rIwpfcuae aemufwpfcqukd a&mufom;w,f/ tmHwi;f uvnf; k k D G k dk aemufxyftmHkawG xyf&SmwJhtusihfudk usihfom;&aeatmifvkyfay; w,f/ 'Dawmh pdwf[m tmHkawGaygwJh tmHkawmxJrSm w0Jvnfvnf usufpm;aeygawmhw,f/ pdwf[m tmHkcHpm;rIrSm wif;wdrfa&mifh&Jw,f vdkYr&Sdbl;/ BudKufwmyJjzpfjzpf? rBudKufwmyJjzpfjzpf tmHkcHpm;rI&Sdaecsif w,f/ tmHkcHpm;rIu auseyfrIudk tNrJvkduf&Smygw,f/ aysmfp&mqdk&if xyfvdkcsifw,f/ 0rf;enf;p&m? xdckdufp&mqdk&if jiif;qefr,f/ 'Dawmh xdcup&mudk jiif;qefNy;D aysmp&maemuf? csr;f omokcaemuf waumuf dk f f aumufvkduf&Smw,f/ eHeufcif;aejcnfatmufrSm AsdKif;wpftkyf v,fuGif;awGqD ysHoef;oGm;wm t&rf;vSvdkY ai;Munhfrdw,f/ bmrsm;rSm;aevJ/ armf',f topfum;wpfp;D jzwfarmif;oGm;wm ai;Munhrwma&m bmtrSm;&Sv/ f d d J MunhfHkoufoufqdk&ifawmh aumif;ygw,f/ 'gayr,hf pdwfu 'DrSmwif r&yfygbl;/ tmHkcHpm;rIaemufrSm ydkifqdkifcsifpdwfawGu aphaqmfw,f/ vSvuwm? ig&csivuwm? 'DrmyJ tvdqE&UJ tIyawmfykH pwifygNy/ dk f f dk f S k f D uRefawmfwdkY&JU tmHkcHpm;rIjzpfpOfrSm jrifp&m? Mum;p&m pwm awGudk jrifHkMum;HkeJY &yfaewmr[kwfbl;/ bmvJqdkwm pHkprf;w,f? twdwfu rSwfom;wJhonmeJY ynwfwwfw,f/ tawG;xJrSm rSwfom; xm;wJh pHawGeYJ wki;f wmwkejYf yefw,f/ ud,&UJ &ifwi;f pHeYJ aumif;raumif;? d k hf G vSrvS? rSefrrSefwkdif;wmNyD; tmHkcHpm;rIawGudk odrf;ydkufzdkYeJY jiif;qefzdkY ocFg&trIawGukd jyKMu&awmhw,f/ vSw,f? aumif;w,fvYkd xifwmawG udk ESpEpoufouf? wyfwyfrufrufor;f yduzYkd tusn;f wef? tqd;k w&m; f S f d k f awGudk aMumufaMumuf&GHU&GHUeJY a&SmifcGmzdkY BudK;pm;Muygawmhw,f/ 'DveYJ tmHcpm;rIa0'emawGukd yef;wditjzpf tqifjcifuif;rJh kd k H k f pGm owfrSwfrdygawmhw,f/ tmHkcHpm;rIa0'emawGudk yef;wdkiftjzpf owfrwrwtcg ud,EpoufwhJ tmHawG&zd?Yk ud,rESpoufwhJ tmHk S f d hJ k f S f k k f f awGukd jiif;qefzBYkd uKd ;pm;&if; tmHcpm;rIawGukd wyfrufjcif;eJY aMumuf&UHG k H jcif;taESmiftzGUJ xH oufqif;vdYk ud,u,ukd ydip;kd rIuif;rJom;ygawmh k hf kd f k f h G w,f/ wpfcsdefvHk; tmHkcHpm;rIawGtwGuf ay;qyfae&r,f/ 'kujzpfae r,f/ odrf;ydkufjcif;eJY jiif;qefjcif;awGeJY tNrJwrf;IyfaxG;ayGvDaer,f/ tmHcpm;rIawGrm odr;f ydujf cif;eJY jiif;qefjcif;awG bmaMumihf k H S k &SdaewmvJ/ ]]ig}} qdkwJh twygaevdkYayhg/ igqdkwmygwJhtwGuf igBudKuf wm? ig rBudKufwmqkdwm &Sdaewmayhg/ 'Dawmh igqdkwmrygbJ? tw oabmrygbJ? "rAsmyg&oabmeJY tmHkcHpm;rIudk IjrifEdkifygovm; Ak'u tmHcpm;rIawGeYJ ywfoufNy;D odr;f ydujf cif;? jiif;qefjcif; k H k uif;apzdYk a0zefyi;f jcm;jycJygw,f/ tmHcpm;rIukd od&r,f/ tmHcpm;rI kd h k H k H jzpfaMumif;udk od&r,f/ tmHkcHpm;rIawG&JU csKyfqHk;cGihfudk od&r,f/ tmHk cHpm;rIcsKyNf ir;f aMumif;tusivrf;udk od&r,f/ tmHcpm;rIawG&UJ om,m d fh k H zG,fudk od&r,f/ tmHkcHpm;rIawG&JU aMumufrufzG,fab;udk od&r,f/ tmHkcHpm;rIawGrS vGwfajrmuf&mudk od&r,f/ 'Doabmxm;tjrifudk vufawGUb0rSm toHk;csEdkifr,fqdk&if tmHkcHpm;rI[m yef;wdkifr[kwf awmhbJ owdeJY? PfeJY cHpm;HkrQcHpm;NyD; b0twGuf a&Smifoihfwmudk a&Smif? aqmifoifhwmudkaqmifzdkY enf;vrf;wpfcktjzpf toHk;csEdkifyg w,f/ tmHcpm;rIjzpfvmwdi;f owde?YJ PfeYJ ypKyewnfwnhf Ijrif k H k f h wJhtcg tmHkcHpm;rIqdkwm cHpm;rIa0'emoufoufrQomjzpfaMumif;? tmHkeJY tmHkcHt*FgawG wdkufqHkrIaMumihf tmHkcHpm;rIjzpfvm&aMumif;? tmHkcHpm;rIqdkwmawG[m jzpfNyD;wmeJY aysmufysufoGm;wwfaMumif;? pmrsuf E S m 24 ok d Y

THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

18

"r0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

- okbmodw 0gpmynm Subhasita vaca paa &yfawGyJjzpfygw,f/ -husacca paa (1) Am[kopynm Ba aus;vufNrKd jyta&;? Ediia&;? bmoma&;? ynma&;? vlra&;? k f H I pD;yGm;a&;? ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;? o,f,lydkYaqmifa&; tp&SdwJh ynm&yf awGudk us,fus,fjyefYjyefY oif,lavhvmNyD;? tJ'DtvkyfawGudk vkyfudkif aqmif&u&mrSm? tMum;tjrifrsm;rIqw?hJ 'DAm[kopynm[m tifrwef G f kd ta&;ygt&ma&mufwJh ynmjzpfygw,f/ Bahusacca paa means much or great learning. It is the kind of education that would give wide general knowledge to the pupils. Teaching the pupiles to have a wide general knowledge. (much learing and seeing) is Bahusacca paa.

aemuf a usmzk H ; rS k oleu oabmxm;csi;f rwlnvygvdYk see ]]jrifw,f}} qd&mu YJ D Ykd ae ]]oabmxm;}} qdkwJhteufudk ajymif;oGm;wmawGU&ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm wifjycsifwJhpum;u? tJ'DtMum; (all ears) qkdwJh pum;vHk;eJY? tjrif (all eyes) qdkwJhpum;vHk;ESpf&yfudk aygif;pyfvkdufwJh jrefrma0g[m&pum; ]]tMum;tjrif}} qdkwmudk ajymcsifwmyg/ tJ'D ]]tMum;tjrif}} qdkwJh pum;vHk;udk t*Fvdyfu (1) General knowledge- A[kokwrsm;jym;jcif;/ (2) Power of divinationvsijf refxufjrufwhJ *r&Pfpr;f eJY jynhpjkH cif;/ Clairvoyance- tMum; D G f tjrifrsm;jcif;/ extrasensory perception- tuif;yg;jzwfvwfwJhPf &Sdjcif;vdkY zGifhqdk&Sif;jyEdkifrSmjzpfygw,f/ 'gqdk Teaching to have a wide general knowledge much (hearing and seeing) is "bahusacca paa" in Pali term. tMum; tjrifrsm;atmif us,us,jf yefjY yefY oifMum;ay;jcif;tm;jzihf (Mum;wwf f jrifwwf) wJh ]]Am[kopynm}} udk &&SMd urSmjzpfw,fvYkd ck'uyg|ygVdawmf r*Fvokwea'oemawmfrm jrwfpmbk&m;&Siu,awmfwia[mawmfrl f S G f kd f kd f ygw,f/ tMum;tjrifrsm;atmifoifMum;oif,whJ enf;vrf;av;oG,f l The Four Aspects of teaching &Sdygw,f/ tJ'Denf;av;oG,fu The four aspects are:(1) Am[kopynm
(1) Bahusacca paa

(2) odyHynm
(2) Sippam paa

(3) okodudw 0de,ynm

(3) Susekkhita vinaya paa.

(4) okbmodw0gpmynm
- (4) Subhasita vaca paa- wdkYjzpfygw,f/

Am[kopqdkwJh rlvygVdyk'fudk zGifhqdkwJhtcgrSm? ]]A[kkw bma0g- Am[kopH}} rsm;aomtMum;tjrif&Sdaomol Clairvoyant \ jzpfaMumif;= rsm;aomtMum;tjrif clairvoyance &SdrI[m Am[kop Bahusacca rnfygw,f/ pmayusrf;*eftrsm;tjym;oif,lxm;oludk A[kokwtMum; tjrifrsm;ol clairvoyant vdkY ac:ygw,f/ pmayusrf;*eftrsm;tjym; Mum;emoif,lxm;jcif;udkawmh Am[kop-tMum;tjrifrsm;jcif; clairvoyance vdYk ac:ygw,f/ 'Dawmhum Am[kop- tMum;tjrifrsm;jcif;qdk wm[m pmayusr;f *eftrsm;tjym; emMum;oif,xm;vdYk pmaywwfuRr;f l rIyJjzpfygw,f/ 'DvdkpmaywwfuRrf;em;vnfvmatmif oif,lrIrSm tydkif;ESpf ydkif; cGJjcm;vdkY&r,fxifygw,f/ - k f (1) avmuD,ynm lokiyapaa qdi&m pmayusr;f *efawG/ (2) avmukw&mqdi&mynm lokuttara paa pmayusr;f *ef k f awGjzpfygw,f/ 'Dynm&yfawGukd oifMum;oif,Ml uwJtcgrSm ynm&yfqi&m h kd f tcef ; u@BuD ; av;yd k i f ; (The four aspects of Education) owfrSwfydkif;jcm;NyD; oifMum;ay;Muygw,f/ tJ'oifMuma&;qdi&m u@av;&yf (The four aspects are) D k f qdwmu? (1) Am[kopynm Bahusacca paa. (2) odyynm Sippam k H paa. (3) okodudw 0de,ynm Susekkhita vinaya paa.eJY (4)

ynma&;? vl r I a &;? pD ; yG m ;a&; pwJ h t vk y f a wG r S m vJ y J oufqi&m u@tvkuqi&mynm ormA[kow<u,f0MuwJoawG kd f d f kd f k h l uom BuD;yGm;wdk;wufatmif azmfaqmifay;EdkifMurSmjzpfygw,f/ oufqi&m u@qdi&m A[kowtodynmrjynhpr<u,f0wJoawGu kd f k f k f kH h l OD;aqmifvkyfudkifMuygu? vkyfudkifMuoavmuf t&mrxifjzpfaewwf Muygw,f/ 'ghaMumihf vlwdkif;vlwdkif;u udk,fvkyfudkifMur,hf tvkyfudp tm;avsmfpGm? A[kokwtodynm<u,f0atmif qnf;yl;xm;MuNyD; BudK;pm;vkyfaqmifMurSom ]]Am[kopr*Fvm}} &JUtusdK;udk trSefwu,f &&SdcHpm;Mu&rSmjzpfygw,f/ ]]tvG e f u J r I ? Am[k o p ? ok w pd E m ? bm0em[k ? rsm;pG m rS w f o m;? tMum;tjrif ? Pf t if w d k ; yG m ;? rsm;onf w pf a Mumif ; }} vdkY Am[kopr*Fvm&JUqdkvdk&if;oabmudk rHka&G;aZw0efq&mawmfu rdefYqdk awmfrlcJhygw,f/ olwpfyg;wdkYxuf vGefuJxl;jrwfwJh tMum;tjrifrsm;jcif;vdkY qdkwJh emMum;oif,lqnf;yl;rIaMumihf&&SdwJh okwr,Pf/ BuHpnf pOf;pm;awG;ac:BuHqrIaMumihf &&SdwJh pdEmr,Pf/ ur|mef;w&m; usiBfh uym;rsm;rIaMumih&&SwhJ bm0emr,Pf vdqw?hJ rsm;pGmrSwom; H G f d Yk kd f tMum;tjrifPft*Fg wdk;wufyGm;rsm;jcif;[m ]]Am[kopr*Fvm}} vdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrlygw,f/ ]]ok w pd E m ? bm0em[k ? ynm\tjym? xd k o H k ; yg;wG i f ? bk&m;wdkYrSm bm0em? bk&m;avmif;wdkYrSm PfpdEm? usifh&morQ? ol u igu? omrnwd k Y r S m ? ok w rQom rS w f a v&m? oH k ; jzmud k ? od o matmif r S w f N yD ; ? ok w &S d r S P&S d & S d y@d w jzpf c sd r h f r nf } } [k rHka&G;q&mawmfu qdkrdefYygonf/ ]]A[kokw? r&Sdurl? avQmusa&wl? vlr[l&? &SufBuD;& vdrfh}} vdkYvJ ykawm0g'ysdKUrSm qdkrdefYygw,f/ ]]vHkYvyifpnf? t&if;wnfvsuf? cuf&Snfynm? csrf;om toD;? BuD;apha&GUa&GU? rarhrusef? olawmfrGefudk apmif;rmefrJhqHk;? ajzmihfajzmihfoHk;avmh}} vdkY ]]ok w r L omusrf ; }} uqdkygw,f/ ]]A[kokw? odyuxm? qdkonfrSmvnf;? aumif;pGmqnf; uyf? trSwftom;? oifMum;aeYn? vHkYvudkxkwf? pmtkyfwdkif;udk zwf? oljrwfw&m;udkem;em? q&mhpum;udk qnf;yl;? txl;qHk;r? rd b pum;ud k em,l ? cspf o l p um;em;axmif ? a&S m if o if h v Qif a &S m if &macsonf..}} vdkYvJyJ ]]ukvykwtmp&d,vuFm}} rSm qdkrdefYaMumif; rSwfom;&ygw,f/ (2) ody odyynm Sippan paa vufrIynmudk odyvdkYac:qdkMuygw,f/ tJ'DodyvdkYac:qdkwJh twwf r sm;[m us,f j yef Y v S y gw,f / rsm;jym;vS y gw,f / tcsd K Uud k

THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE
"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

19

Am[kopvdkY ac:wJh EIwfrIynmeJYwGJzufNyD;awmh oif,lMu&ygw,f/ 0wKypnf;awG/ tJ'Dukef0wKypnf;awGudk xkwfvkyfEdkifzdkY&m vdktyfwJh d fkd G tckacwf pufrI tif*sifeD,m? taqmufttHk ydokumtif*sifeD,m? "mwfowK o,HZmwypn;f awG&&SzYkd pGr;f aqmifEiwJh owKwi;f tif*sif eD,mynmeJY pufu&,mypn;f awGxwvyay;EdiwhJ pufrqi&mtif*sif d d k f k f k f I kd f NrdKUjytif*sifeD,m tp&SdwJh odyHqdkif&mtwwfynmrsdK;yJjzpfygw,f/ . - is knowledge of the sciences and aslo of eD,mynm&yfawGtjyif? vlom;wpf&yfvHk;&JU touf&SnfMum&Sifoef "Sippam paa handicrafts and industries. In modern times science has made aexdkifEdkifMuapa&;twGuf aq;odyHpwJh tusdK;jyKodyHynmawGudk great progress and expanded immensely. For instance, there are 'Dacwfvl;om;awG oif,lavhvmqnf;yl;MuNyD;? vlYavmuBuD; tzuf variou manus facturing industries, mining and engineering in- zufrS acwfrDzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufaeatmif zefwD;azmfaqmifwnfaqmufae dustries, medical science, etc. In studying any of those subjects MuNyDjzpfygw,f/ one must learn to gain proficiency. (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/) ,ckacwfrm ay:xGe;f vmwJh odyynm[m tHMh oavmufatmif S H "r0D&-oEmatmif tvGeftrif;wdk;wufus,fjyefYvmwm awGUMu&rSmjzpfygw,f/ Oyrm tjynfjynfqdkif&max&0g'Ak'omoemjyKwuodkvf tm;jzihfqdk&&if pufrIynm&yfe,fy,frS ajrmufrsm;pGmaom xkwfukef pmrsuf E S m 6 rS onfESihfwlaom oHk;aqmifjcif;='g,Zy&dabm *-jzpfayonf? aouyk*dKvfckepfa,mufwdkY onf jrwfpGmbk&m; om;awmfwdkYjzpfMuukef\/ xdkYaMumihf zcif\tarGudk om;ucH,louJhodkY jrwfpGmbk&m;cGihfjyKawmfrltyfaom ypnf;av; yg;wdukd tarGcjH zpf oH;k aqmifci&Muuke\/ Yk G fh f pum;csyf ( yp n f ; av;yg;wd k Y o nf 'g,um? 'g,dumrwduvSLonfreaomfvnf; Yk S f jrwf p G m bk & m;cG i h f j yKawmf r l t yf a omaMumih f ypnf;av;yg;wdkYrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;\ Opmjzpf ukef\) (4) omrd y &d a bm* &[Emyk*dLvfwdkY\ ausmif;? ouFef;? qGr;f ? aq;paom ypn;f av;yg;wkukd oH;k aqmif Yd rSD0Jjcif;rSm tpdk;w& oHk;aqmifjcif;=omrdy&d abm*-rnfayonf/ pum;csyf/ (ykxkZOfESihf aouyk*dKvf wdkYrSm wPSmruif;Muao;ojzihf xdkwPSm\ tvdoYkd vduygMu&aomaMumihf ypn;f av;yg; k k f wdukd oH;k aqmifMu&m tpd;k w& r&Sacs? &[Em Yk d yk*dKvfwdkYrSmum; wPSm\ uReftjzpfrS wu,f pifppfvwajrmufawmfrMl uaomaMumihf ypn;f G f av;yg;wdkYudk oHk;aqmifMu&m tpdk;w& &SdMu onf/ xdkYaMumihfvnf; &[Emyk*dKvft&Sif jrwfwdkYonf pufqkyfzG,faom ypnf;udkvnf; pufqyz,r[kwaomtjcif;t&mjzihf oH;k aqmif kfG f f EkdifMuukef\/ pufqkyfzG,fr[kwfonfudkvnf; pufqkyfzG,ftjcif;t&mjzihf oHk;aqmifEkdifMu ukef\/ xdkESpfyg;aomtjcif;t&mudkvTwf tv,ftvwftjcif;t&mjzihvnf; oH;k aqmif f EkdifMuukef\/ xdkYaMumihf&[Emt&SifjrwfwdkY\ ypnf;av;yg;wdkYudk oHk;aqmifjcif;rSm? tpdk;w& oHk;aqmifjcif;=omrdy&dabm*jzpfonf[kqdkvdk ayonf/) uJ h o d k Y yp n f ; av;yg;wd k Y u d k oHk;aqmifjcif;av;rsKd;jzihf oHk;aqmifMu&mwGif tpdk;w& oHk;aqmifjcif;=omrdy&dabm*ESihf tarGcHonfESihfwlaom oHk;aqmifjcif;='g,Z y&dabm*ESpfyg;wdkYonf tvHk;pHkaom yk*dKvfwdkY tm;vnf; usihfoHk;&eftyfpyfayonf/ taMumif;rSm omrdy&dabm*=tpdk; w&oHk;aqmifjcif;onf? &[Emt&Sifjrwfrsm; ESihfom oufqkdifaomfvnf; aou=usihfqJ yk*dKvfESihf ykxkZOf&[ef;wdkYonf t&omudk rrufarmbJ? tm[ma&y#duvonmjzihf &o l wPS m ud k y,f oH k ; aqmif M urnf q d k v Qif wPSmuRetjzpfrS vGwajrmufonfEifh tvm; h f f S wl omrdy&dabm*=tpdk;w& oHk;aqmifjcif; &oihfonf[k qdkEkdifcGihf&SdaomaMumihfjzpfonf/ a<u;,l p m;onf E S i h f w l a om=P y&dabm*? ck;d ,lpm;oH;k onfEiwaom= ax,s S fh l y&dabm*=wdkYonfum;? &[ef;omraPrsm; rpm;oHk;tyfaom enf;vrf;ESpfrsKd;yifjzpfonf/ txift&Sm;ajymqdk&aomf oDv&Sdaom yk*dKvf wdkY\ ypa0uPm=qifjcif oHk;aqmifjcif; onf ]Py&dabm*} \ qefYusifbufjzpf aomaMumihf? a<u;rwifaomoHk;aqmifjcif;= tmPmusy&dabm*=rnf\/ wpf e nf ; tm;jzih f oD v &S d a om ykxkZOfyk*dKvfudk ypa0uPmwif qifjcif oH;k aqmifjcif;u oDvodumESifh jynhpapaom f kH aMumihf aout&d,myk*Kd v xnfoi;f a&wGuf f h G EkdifNyD; xdkoDv&Sdaom ykxkZOf&[ef;yk*dKvf\ ypa0uPmwifqifjcifoHk;aqmifjcif;onf aouy*Kd vw\ tarGcpm;oH;k jcif;ESifh wlaom k f Ykd H =]'g,Z y&dabm*} yifrnfayonf/ odkYausmif;? ouFef;? qGrf;? aq;p aom yp n f ; av;yg;wd k Y u d k oH k ; aqmif j cif ; av;enf;jzihf oHk;aqmifMu&m omrdy&dabm* =tpdk;w&oHk;aqmifjcif;onf tjrwfqHk;jzpf? xd k o mrd y &d a bm*\ tusKd ; pD ; yG m ;ud k tvdk&Sdaom &[ef;awmfrsm;onf? txufwGif jyqdkcJhonfh enf;twdkif; ypnf;av;yg;wdkYudk ypa0uPm wif=qifjcifoHk;aqmifjcif;jzihf ]yp , oE d d w oD v } ES i h f j ynh f p H k a tmif apmih f x d e f ; Bud K ;uk w f tm;xk w f M u&rnf jzpfayonf/ &S i f P(zsmyH k ) usrf ; T e f ; r[mAk ' 0 if tEl ' D y eD u srf ;

&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf &J&ifwnfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh h b0ukd &ifqivsuf dk f atmifjrifpGmjzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY "r0D&*sme,f zwfMupkdU

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

20

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

v,fwDq&ma

The Ledi Dham

D d v,fweAmefw

a&;om;jyKp

MAHA THERA L
(edAme'DyeD)
(,cif t ywf r S t quf )

(Nibbana Di pan

y&rok c oabm

bm0em 40/ / ,cktcg cHpm;? pHpm;rIr&Sdaom edAmef\ y&r okcoabm xif&Sm;apjcif;iSm bm0em (40) \ teuft"dym,fudk t>rufrQ jyqdkvkduftHh/ yuEm tedpm 'kum a&m*g *@m ovm tCm tmAm"m ya& yavmum wD/ / (10) Oya'0g b,m Oyo*g pvm yb*F t'k0g twmPm tav Pm to&Pm &dwm/ / (20) wkpm oknm tewm tm'De0g 0dy&dPmr"rm tom&um tCrlvm 0"um 0dw0g omo0g/ / (30) ocFwm rm&rdom Zmwd"rm Z&m"rm Asm"d"rm r&P"rm aomu"rm y&da0'"rm Oyg,mo"rm oHudavodu"rm/ / (40) yuEm? cEm 5 yg;wdonf/ tedpm? tedpw&m;wdomwnf;/ Yk Yk 'kum? 'kuw&m;wdkYomwnf;/ a&m*g? a&m*gwdkYomwnf;/ *@m? tdkif; temwdomwnf;/ ovm? ajimihwomwnf;/ tCm? tusKd ;rJwomwnf;/ Yk f Ykd h Ykd tmAm"m? temwdomwnf;/ ya&? tpdr;f jyifywdomwnf;/ yavmum? Yk Yk zdkz&JNydKuGJysufjym;rsdK;wdkYomwnf;/ wD? ab;&efwdkYomwnf;/ (10) Oy'0g? tjyif;txef ESypufwwfaom Oy'a0gwdomwnf;/ d f Yk b,m? aMumufvefz,aom ab;wdomwnf;/ Oyo*g? wG,wmuyfNid Y G f Yk f wwfaom tE&m,fwomwnf;/ pvm? vIy&m;wwfaom w&m;wdom Ykd f S Yk wnf;/ yb*Fl? ysufpD;jcif;tavh&Sdaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/ t'k0g? rcdkif rNrJaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/ twmPm? cdkudk;&mr[kwfaom w&m;wdkY omwnf;/ tavPm? ykef;atmif;&mr[kwfaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/ to&Pm? ud;k uG,&mr[kwaom w&m;wdomwnf;/ &dwm? tESpom f f Yk f &rS qdwfNidrfaomw&m;wdkYwnf;/ / (20) wkpm? tcsnf;tESD;omwnf;/ oknm? tokOf;toGef? tcGH? tumwdomwnf;/ tewm? ig\ud,[k twGi;f rjyKxuaom w&m;wdYk Yk k f kd f omwnf;/ tm'De0g? ud;k uG,&mr&Saom w&m;wdomwnf;/ 0dy&dPmr f d Yk "rm? azmufvJazmufjyef jzpfjcif;oabm&Sdaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/ tom&um? tESpr&Saomw&m;wdomwnf;/ tCrlvm? raumif;rIjzpf f d Yk

The sense of Noble Happiness (parama sukha) - Development (bhavana) Now in order to make nibbana obvious, which has neither feeling nor enjoyment, the meaning of 40 development bha - will be shown in brief. vana ~ -- pancakkhandha anicca dukkha roga ganda salla agha aba - pare paloka 1tt.(10) -dha - - Upaddava bhaya upasagga cala pabhangu adhuva atana - alena asarana ritta.(20) -- - - - - ~ ~tuccha sunna anatta ad1nava viparinamadhamma asa raka -la vadhava vibhava sasava (30) - - aghamu - - sankhala ma ra misa ja tidhamma jaradhamma bya - marana dhamma sokadhamma paridevadhamma upaya - - dhidhamma . - . sadhamma samkilesika dhamma.(40) The five constituent groups of existence are impermanent, painful (suffering), disease, boil, dart, calamity, affliction, alien, disintegrating, plague (accident)(10) disaster, terror, menace. fickle, perishable, unenduring, no protection, no shelter, no refuge, empty.(20) vain, void, not self, danger, subject to chance, having no core, the root of calamity, murderous, due to be annihilated, subject to cankers.(30) formed (confitioned) mara's bait, subject to birth, subject to ageing, subject to illness, subject to death, subject to sorrow, subject to lamentation, subject to despair, subject to defilement(40). Five constituent groups of existence The materiality feeling, perception, mental formations and consciousness are the five sonstituent groups of existence. Of them1. The materiality means the four great elements (earth, water, wind, fire) and the small materiality (eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, visual object, sound, odour, taste, etc.,) which constitue big or small bodies of bings from the great hell, av1ci, up to the -pabrahma, akanittha brahma. highest abode of ru 2. Feeling, vedana, means various kinds of agreeable and disagreeable feeling.

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

"r0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

21

awmfbk&m;BuD;

usrf;jyKtausmf urmausmf

w&m;awmfrsm;

awmf pawmfrlaom

ma on Nibba na
i = The Manual of Nibbana)
yGm;&ef taMumif;&if;wdkYomwnf;/ 0"um? olowfa,musfm; tmPm om;wdkYomwnf;/ 0db0g? ysufjyKef;qHk;yg;wwfaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/ tmoa0g? tmo0w&m; (4) yg;ESihfwuGjzpfaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/ ocFwm? jyKpkysdK;axmifrS jzpfEdkifwnfEdkifaom w&m;wdkYom wnf;/ rm&m rdom? olowfa,musfm; rm&f (5) yg;wdkY\ pm;zwf? 0g;zwf o H k ; oyf e if ; e,f & mwd k Y o mwnf ; / Zmwd " r m ? cPcsif ; rS m yif taumif;tqdk; trsdK;rsdK;jzpfay:jcif;oabm&Sdaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/ Z&m"rm? a[mif;EGr;f &ifaqG;jcif;oabm&Saom w&m;wdomwnf;/ Asm"d h d Yk "rm? zsm;jcif; emjcif;oabm&Sdaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/ r&P"rm? aoqH;k jcif;oabm&Saom w&m;wdomwnf;/ aomu"rm? pd;k &dryaqG;rI d Yk f l ud k jzpf a pjcif ; oabm&S d a om w&m;wd k Y o mwnf ; / y&d a '0"r m ? idka<u;jcif; 'kuudk jzpfapjcif;oabm&Sdaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/ Oyg,mo"rm? oufBuD;SLIduftvdIuftvSJ yifyef;jcif;'kuudk jzpfap jcif;oabm&Saom w&m;wdomwnf;/ oHuav odu"rm? npfEr;f aom d Yk d G tukodkvfw&m;wdkYudk jzpfyGm;apjcif;oabm&Sdaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/ / (40) (um;teuf) ig;yg;// cE m ig;yg;// yuEm[laom ygXfkyf? a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmOf (5) yg;wdkYonf yuEmrnf\/ / xkdwGif1/ kyfqdkonfum;... t0Dpdi&JrSp tued| jA[mhbHkwdkif atmif twGif;0,f BuD;BuD;i,fi,f udk,fxnfoPmefjzpfaeukef aom ajr? a&? av? rD; "mwfBuD; (4) ck? puK? aomw? Cme? ZD0Sm? um,? ly? o'? *E? &o? tp&Sdaom kyfi,f? kyfao;wdkYudk lyuEm qdonf/ k 2/ a0'emqdonfum;..taumif;? tqd;k trsKd ;rsKd ;aom cHpm; k rI? pHpm;rIudk qdkonf/ 3/ onmqdkonfum;..arG;zGm;p umvrSp um;trd? um; tb tp&Sdonfjzihf trSwfonmxm;rIudkqdkonf/ 4/ ocFg&qdonfum;..Bupnfr?I ajymqdr?I vkyaqmifrtvH;k k H k f I pHkudk qkdonf/ 5/ 0dnmOfqdkonfum;... pdwfudkqdkonf/ (um; cEm (5) yg; tMurf;tm;jzihf ydkif;jcm;csufwnf;/)
~~3. perception, sann a, means since the time of birth the act of perceiving as this is mother, this is father etc. - 4. Mental formations, sankhara, means all kinds of thinking, speaking and actions. ~~5. Consciousness, vinn ana, means the conscious mind. [This is roughly the limit of five constituent groups of existence] [The limit of four constituent groups of existence is the ~~- - ~~great hell up to nevasann anasann ayatana abode.] Fear caused by impermanence As the death, the danger of impermanence accompanies the five constituent groups of existence, those of human beings are impermanence; those of devas are also impermanence; those of brahmas are also impermanence. The state of being, a deva is also only a moment; being a brahma is also only a moment. When compared with the length of time of the round of rebirths, the constituent groups of existence of the brahmas in ~~- - ~~nevasann anasann ayatana brahma abode that live 84,000 kappas world cycles are also only a moment. One may become a human being for a time, and he may become hell beigngs for a hundred, for a thousand existences existences. One may become a deva for a time, and he may become hell beings for ten thousand, for one hundred thousand existences. One may become a brahma for a time, and he may become hell beings for one hundred thousand, for one million existences. Being impermanent the beings are fearfully scattered up and down. Being impermanent, even though born as a deva, he is tending towards the hell; even though born as a rupabrahma or rupabrahma or arupabrahma, he is tending towards the hell. Even thouh born as a human being, he still fears the danger of the hell. Even though born as a deva, he still fears the dangers of the hell; even though born as a brahma, he still fears the danger of the hell. [This is the great danger of impermanence can be contemplated, the enjoyment-happiness in human body and human

by

LEDI SAYADAW

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

22

"r0D&onf oEdokcodkY a&S;Ijy|mef;onf/

life, in deva's body and deva's life, and in brahma's body and brahma's life, will be discerned as a fearful, boring, real suffering. Only when the sensual lust for human life and the birth of the body appease, the danger of the hell will appease. Only when the sensual lust for deva's life and the birth of the body appease, Only when personality belief, sakkayadit.hi and the birth .t of brahma's body appease, the danger of the hell will appease. Therefore the great element of asankhata nibbana which is the appeasement of all sensual lusts, wrong views together with five constituent groups of existence of human beings, devas , and five, four, one constituent groups of existence of brahmas can be understood as the great noble happiness. That appeasement is the only refuge for them who fear the grave of niraya avici hell so as to get free from it. The associaties of hell The body and happiness of human beings, those of devas and those of brahmas are merely associates of the great niraya av1ci hell. How is it? 1. If a man enjoys with sensual lust and wrong view the eye which constituents his body as 'my eye, the eye itself is I, or I see', the great hell niraya av1ci will accompany his enjoyment. 2. Similarly, he enjoys with sensual lust and wrong view, the ear which constitues his body as 'my ear or I hear.' 3. as 'my nose or I smell.' 4. as 'my tongue or I know sweet tasts, sour taset' 5. as 'my body, mny limb or I know' when conscious of the heat, cold, gross, subtle, etc., in touching. Thus, if he enjoys the constituent groups of materiality with sensual lust and wrong view, the danger of the hell will accompany that enjoyment altogether. Why? Because if there are sensual lust and wrong view, he will never be free from the danger of the hell. In the group of feeling, when enjoying the sight, visible object, good or bad, if he enjoys as 'I am pleased, I am delighted,' that is enjoynment grasping for feeling caused by eye-contact. That enjoyment grasping contains the grave danger of the hell altogether. [With regard to sound, etc., they should also be understood in the same way.] In the group of perception, the enjoyment and grasping as 'I know which it is, what it is; I remember, I don't forget' is the enjoyment- grasping of the group of perception. In the group of mental formations, things are numerous; only prominent things will be mentioned here. (To be continue)

(aemuf cEm (4) yg;wdkYrSm t0Dpdi&JrSp ae0onmemonm bHk wdkifatmif,lav/) ted p t wG u f aMumuf r uf z G , f / / xd k c E m (5) yg;wd k Y o nf aoqHk;jcif;[laom tedpab; xufMuyfruGm tNyD;yg aeukefaom aMumihf vlcEmpkvnf; tedpomwnf;/ ewfcEmpkvnf; tedpomwnf;/ Y jA[mcEmpkvnf; tedpomwnf;/ vljzpfvQifvnf; wpfcPom? ewf jzpfvQifvnf; wpfcPom? jA[mjzpfvQifvnf; wpfcPom? oHo&m &Snvsm;yHEiEi;f ,SOonf&aomf urm 8 aomif; 4 axmif touf&nf f k S fh Id f dS S aom ae0onmemonm,webHk&Sd cEmpkonfvnf; wpfcPrQom wnf;/ vlb0rSmwpfvn?fh tyg,frm b0t&m? taxmif? ewfb0rSm Y S S wpfvSnhf? tyg,frSm b0taomif; todef;? jA[mhjynfrSm wpfvSnhf? tyg,f r S m b0tod e f ; toef ; ? tNrJ r [k w f o nh f t wG u f a Mumif h aMumufrufzG,f w&Murf; txufatmuf vGihfyg; aeMu&yHkwnf;/ tNrJr[kwfonhftwGufaMumihf vljzpfaeaomfvnf; tyg,fi&JodkY a&S ; I v suf y if ? ewf j zpf aeaomf v nf ; tyg,f i &J a &S ; I v suf y if ? lyjA[m? tlyjA[mjzpfaeaomfvnf; tyg,fi&Judk a&S;Ivsufyif? vljzpfaeaomfvnf; tyg,fi&Judk aMumuf&vsufyif? jA[mjzpf aeaomfvnf; tyg,fi&Jab;udk aMumuf&vsufyif/ (um; ted p t wG u f a Mumif h j zpf & aom aMumuf r uf zG , f r I B uD ; aywnf ; /) odkYaom tedpab;BuD;udk qifjcifEdkifMuygvQif vlYcEm? vlY b0? ewfcEm? ewfb0? jA[mhcEm? jA[mhb0wdkY cHpm;pHpm;&aom a0',dwokcrsdK;pHkonf aMumufzG,f? vefYzG,f? NiD;aiGUzG,faom 'kursdK; tppftrSefjzpfaMumif;udk odjrifEdkifMu&monf/ vlb0udk om,maomwPSmESifh vlcEmrsKd ;tjzpfNir;f rS tyg,f Y Y d i&Jab;Nir;f \/ ewfb0udk om,maomwPSmESifh ewfcEmrsKd ;tjzpfNir;f d d rS tyg,fi&JNidrf;onf/ oum,'d|dESihf jA[mhcEmrsdK;tjzpfNidrf;rS tyg,f i&Jab;Nidrf;onf/ xdkYaMumihf xdkwPSm? 'd|dwdkYESifhwuG vlYcEm (5) yg;? ewfcEm (5) yg;? jA[mhcEm (5) yg;? (4) yg;? (1) yg; tukefvHk; tjzpfNidrf;rI? Zmwfodrf;rI[laom r[mtocFw"mwf edAmefBuD;onf tvGefw&m Bu;D jrwfvpmaom ]]y&rokcBu;D }} jzpfayonf[k xifEi&monf/ t0Dpd S G kd f i&Jab;BuD;udk aMumufaomolonf t0Dpdi&Jab;BuD;rS vGwfuif;&ef xdktjzpfNidrf;rI Zmwfodrf;rIwpfpkonfom udk;uG,f&m &Sdawmhonf/ i&J \ tyif ; toif ; / / xdkvlYcEm? vlYcsrf;om? ewf cEm? ewfcsrf;om? jA[mhcEm jA[mhcsrf;ompkonfvnf; t0Dpdi&JBuD;\ tyif;toif;wpfpkomvQifwnf;/ jzpf y H k u m;/ / 1/ vljzpfaomolonf rdrdudk,fcEm jzpfae aom puKudk ig\puK[lvnf;aumif;? puKonfyif ig[l vnf; aumif;? igjrifonf[lvnf;aumif;? wPSm? 'd|dESifhom,mcJhtHh? xdkom,mrIxJrSm t0Dpdi&JtwGif;odkY 0ifav\/ 2/ xdkYtwl ig\aomw [lvnf;aumi;f? igMum;onf[l vnf;aumif;/ 3/ ig\Cme[lvnf;aumif;? igeHonf[lvnf;aumif;/ 4/ ig\ ZD0m[lvnf;aumif;? csKd onf? csOonfukd igodonf S f [lvnf;aumif;/ 5/ ig\ud,?f ig\t*Fg[lvnf;aumif;? tyl? tcsr;f ? tMurf; k tEk ponfudkawGUxd odaomtcg igodonf[lvnf;aumif;/ odkY tp&Sdonfjzihf lyuEmudk wPSm? 'd|dESifhom,mcJhtHh?

xdkom,mrIxJrSm i&Jab;tNyD; yg0ifav\/ tb,faMumifhenf;[lrlrdrdudk,fcEmudk om,maomwPSm? 'd|d&SdaecJhvQif tyg,fab;rS rvGwf &aomaMumihfwnf;/ a0'emuEmrSm rsuptmHudk cHpm;rI aumif;onf raumif; f d k onf[k &SdMu&m igaumif;onf? ig0rf;ajrmufonf[k om,mrIum; puKorZma0'emudk om,mpGJvrf;rIwnf;/ xdkom,mpGJvrf;rIxJrSm i&Jab;BuD;tNyD; yg0ifav\/ / (em;tmHk ponfwdkYvnf; enf; v/)onmuEmrSm b,foif;? b,f[mudk igod\/ igrSwfrd\/ wlodav/) igrarh[k om,mpGJvrf;rIonf onmuEm om,mpGJvrf;rIwnf;/ ocFg&uEmum; tvGefrsm;jym;\/ xif&Sm;&mrQudk qdkaytHh/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Ak'\"rw&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/
rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

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jrifatmifMunhf& \/ rwlonfum; toGif oPmeftm;jzihf rwljcif;wnf;/ wlonfuvnf; kd jrif a tmif M unh f & \/ wl o nf u m; tES p f om&tm;jzih f wl j cif ; wnf ; / tES p f o m& qd k o nf u m; t|uvmyf k y f c sif ; wl o nh f oabmjzpf\/ aqmif;yg;rsm;wGif azmfjyxm;aom tESpom&? ygVdawmfwiazmfjyxm;aom tESpf f G f om&ESihf t|uxmrsm;wGif azmfjyxm;aom tESpfom&rsm;onf tm;vHk;twlwlyifjzpfMu \/ ,if;tESpfom&um; edAmefodkY OD;wnfa&; yifjzpf\/ edAmef\teufrSm ]0geawm eduE} t& ]wPSmrS vGwfajrmufatmif tm;xkwf rI yifjzpf\/ xdkYaMumihf wPSmrS enf;enf; vGwajrmufatmif tm;xkwEivQif enf;enf; f f kd f edAmefudk &\/ rsm;rsm;vGwfajrmufatmif tm; xkwfEdkifvQif rsm;rsm;edAmefudk&\/ t<uif;rJh vGwfajrmufatmiftm;xkwfEdkifvQif t<uif;rJh edAmefudk&\/ enf;enf;edAmefudk &jcif;onf w'*Fy[mef rnf\/ rsm;rsm; edAmefudk &jcif; onf 0durey[mef rnf\/ t<uif;rJhedAmefudk &jcif;onf orkap'y[mefrnf\/ xdkYaMumifh wPSmrS vGwajrmufatmif tm;xkwjf cif;onf f t&[wr*fPfudk &jcif;\taMumif;jzpf\/ odjYk zpf ax&0g'IaxmifrMS unhvQif wPSmrS h f vGwfajrmufatmif tm;xkwfrIonf tvGefyif BuD;rm;aom tm;xkwfrIjzpfyg\/ wPSmrSvwajrmufatmif tm;xkwf G f &m uHudkjyKwwfzdkYta&;BuD;\/ trSeftm;jzihf vlwdkYonf cPrvyf uHudkjyKaeMuonfyif jzpf\/ vlwdkYjyKaomuHonf um,uHjzpfcsif vnf; jzpfrnfjzpf\/ 0pDuH jzpfcsifvnf; jzpf rnfjzpf\/ raemuHjzpfcsifvnf; jzpfrnfjzpf \/ uHuum; wpfrsKd ;r[kwf wpfrsKd ;awmh jyKae kd Muonfomjzpf\/ avmuwGif 'kpdkufESihf okpdu[ ESprsKd ;om&Sav&m xdEprsKd ;teuf k f l f d k S f wpfrsdK;r[kwf wpfrsdK;udkawmh rkcsraoG jyKae onfomjzpfav\/ wPSmrSvwajrmufatmif tm;xkwf G f &m 'kpdkufrjyKbJ okpdkufudkom jyKzdkYawmh vdk\/ okpdkufudkjyK&m 'geoabmvnf; yg& \/ oDvoabmvnf; yg&\/ bm0emoabm vnf; yg&\/ 'geudk 'geowfowf? oDvudk oDv owfowf? bm0emudk bm0emowfowf jyK&onfr[kwf/ trSeftm;jzihf 'ge oDv bm0em wdkYonf wpfom;wnf;jzpfrS tm;&Sd\/

tm;&S d jcif ; ud k ]ed & 0,0} [k a c:\/ ]ed&0,0}\ teufrSm tpdwfpdwf[lr&SdbJ wpf o m; wnf ; jzpf j cif ; yif j zpf \ / tpdwfpdwfwdkYudk pkaygif;&m wpfom;wnf; jzpf o G m ;atmif pk a ygif ; enf ; vnf ; &S d \ wpfom;wnf;jzpfoGm; atmif pkaygif;enf;udk ]or0g,orE} [kac: \/ tpdwfpdwftwdkif; &S d a eNyD ; a&maES m H k r Q pk a ygif ; enf ; ud k ]oH a ,m*or E } [k a c:\/ trS e f t m;jzih f wpfom;wnf;jzpfoGm;atmif pkaygif;xm;aom ]or0g,or E } enf ; jzih f pk a ygif ; Ed k i f r S o m ]ed&0,0} udk&yg\/ xdkYaMumihf 'ge oDv bm0emwd k Y u d k ]ed & 0,0} jzpf a tmif pkaygif;tyfyg\/ um,ok p d k u f t & ol w pf y g; touf u d k owf j cif ; rS a &S m if M uOf & m ol wpfyg; toufudk rowfbJ vTwfvkdufjcif; onf 'geoabmyif jzpf \ / ol w pf y g; touf u d k rowf b J a &S m if M uOf j cif ; onf oD v oabmyif j zpf \ / ol w pf y g; tay: cspf c if M uif e mjcif ; onf arw m bm0em jzpf\/ tedponmudk ,ljcif;onf 0dyem bm0emjzpf\/ trSeftm;jzihf okpdkufw&m; rsm;onf rdrdbufudktmHkjyKvQif tw[dw oabmoufa&muf\/ usL;vGe&rnhf olwpfyg; f bufudk tmHkjyKvQif y&[dwoabm ouf a&muf\/ 'geESibm0emonf y&[dwESifh qdif hf k \/ oDvonf tw[dwESifhqdkif\/ xdkYaMumihf olwpfyg;toufudkowfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf&m 'geoabmvnf;ygatmif pdwfudkxm;&\/ oDvoabmvnf;ygatmif pdwfudkxm;&\/ bm0emoabmvnf;ygatmif pdwuxm;&\/ f kd avmuwGif udk,fusdK;pD;yGm;udkcsnf; Munhfjcif; onf oljrwfw\vkyief;r[kw/ olwpfyg;\ Ykd f f tusKd ;pD;yGm;udk Munhjf cif;onfom oljrwfw\ Ykd vkyief;jzpf\/ oljrwfw\vkyief;r[kwvQif f Ykd f f yg&rDrjzpf/ oljrwfwdkY\vkyfief;jzpfygrS yg&rD jzpf \ / yg&rD r jzpf v Qif v nf ; ax&0g'ES i f h rnD/ jA[P0g'omjzpfawmh\/ jA[P0g'uvnf; uHEiu\tusKd ; S fh H udk ouf0if,MkH unfonfyifjzpf\/ ax&0g'u vnf; uHEiu\tusKd ;udk ouf0if,MkH unfonf S hf H yifjzpf\/ odkY&mwGif jA[P0g'u tw[w d udk a&S;Ium oHo&mcsr;f omudk OD;pm;ay;\/ ax&0g'u y&[dwudk a&S;Ium oHo&mvGef csr;f omudk OD;pm;ay;\/ odkYjcm;em;\/ jcm;em;csufum; e,fe,f&&r[kwf/ BuD;us,f aom jcm;em;csufjzpf\/ odkYjzpfav&m rdrd\ ypKyef wrvGefaumif;usdK;udkom&nfpl;NyD;

bk&m;udyJ wnfwnf? ausmif;udyaqmufaqmuf k kJ xdkodkY bk&m;wnfjcif;ESihf ausmif;aqmufjcif; onf jA[ P 0g't& bk & m;wnf j cif ; ES i h f ausmif;aqmufjcif;omjzpf\/ ax&0g't& bk&m;wnfjcif;ESifh ausmif;aqmufjcif;r[kwf/ ,aeYjrefrmEdii jA[P0g'udk ax&0g'tjzpf k f H vGJrSm;pGm,laeMuol rsm;pGm&Sdyg\/ um,okpdu?f t'dE'gudk apmifxe;f k h d &mvnf;aumif;? tjcm;aomokpdkufrIrsm;udk jyKusihf&mvnf;aumif; 'geoabmudkvnf; ygatmif? ygatmiftm;xkw&\/ oDvoabm f ud k v nf ; ygatmif t m;xk w f & \/ bm0em oabmudkvnf;ygatmif tm;xkwf&\/ yg atmiftm;xkwfjcif;qdkonfrSm wom;wnf; taejzihf ygatmiftm;xkwfjcif;udk qdkyg\/ ta&mtaejzihf ygatmiftm;xkwfjcif;udk qdk onfr[kwfyg/ wom;wnf;jzpfrS tm;opfay: \/ wom;wnf;rjzpfbJ a&maESmxm;HkrQESifh awmh tm;opfuray:/ 'geudkjzpfjzpf oDvudkjzpfjzpf bm0 emudkjzpfjzpf jyKvkyf&m tw[dwudk jirf; tjzpfcH,lNyD; y&[dwudk xD;tjzpfcH,l&\/ jirf;r&SdbJ xD;wifr&ovdk tw[dwrygbJ y&[dwudk aqmif&Gufr&aumif;/ xdkYaMumihf tw[dwoufoufonfvnf; tpGef;a&muf tusiyifjzpf\/ y&[dwoufoufonfvnf; fh tpGef;a&muftusihfyifjzpf\/ tw[dwvnf; ygrS y&[dwvnf;ygrS rZdry#dy'gusaom tusihfjzpfav\/ trSeftm;jzihf jA[P0g' onf v nf ; tw [ d w ouf o uf u sih f a om 0g' jzpf \ / r[m,me0g'onf v nf ; y&[d w ouf o uf u sih f a om 0g'jzpf \ / ax&0g'onf o mvQif tw [ d w ud k jirf ; tjzpf x m;NyD ; y&[d w ud k xD ; tjzpf x m; aom rZd r y#d y 'gusus usih f a om 0g' jzpf y g\/ tbd " r o abmt& qd k & vQif avmu rnfonhuovaumif;rIuvyonf f k kd f kd k f jzpfap wd[dwfukodkvfjzpfatmifvkyf&\/ xdk ukodkvfaumif;rIonf 'geukodkvfjzpfcsifvnf; jzpfrnf/ oDvukodkvfjzpfcsifvnf;jzpfrnf/ bm0emukodkvfjzpfcsifvnf;jzpfrnf/ rnfonhf ukodkvfjzpfjzpf wd[dwfukodkvfjzpfatmifawmh vkyf&\/ wd[dwfukodkvfjzpfygrS tavmb ygrnfjzpf\/ tavmbygvQif bmudkrQrarQmf ud;k bJ pGevwjf cif;oabmudygatmif tm;xkwf Yf T k &\/ bmudkrQrarQmfudk;yJ pGefYvTwfjcif;oabm onf 'gejzpf\/ ta'govnf;ygrnfjzpf\/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/ udk xdyfwef;u &&SdcHpm;&rnfjzpf\/ aqmif;yg;rsm;udk a&;jcif;&nf&G,f csufrSm vlrIqufqHa&;e,fy,f vlwdkYonf tcsif;csif; rvGJraoGqufqH&rnfjzpfav&m xdkodkYqufqH&mwGif ukodkvfoabmyg0ifaom qufqrjI zihf qufqwwfatmif 'gerI? oDvrI? H H bm0emrIrsm;udk jyKvkyf&mvnf; ax&0g'ESifh tnD jyKvkyfwwfatmif wdkufwGef;&efjzpfyg\/ ukovoabmyg0ifaomqufqrjI zihf qufqH kd f H onfjzpfap? ax&0g'ESihftnD 'gerI? oDvrI? bm0emrIujkd yKonfjzpfap? pGevwr?I rdroum Yf T f d d udk xdef;odrf;rIESihf arwmxm;rI tedponmudk odjrifzdkYudk rvGwfwrf;yg0ifatmif tm;xkwf tyf\/ xdwif pGevwr[onf 'geyifjzpf\/ k G Yf T f I l w&m;udk,ftm;jzihf tavmbjzpf\/ rdrd\ odumudk xdef;odrf;rI[lonf oDvyifjzpf\/ arwmxm;rI[lonf arwmbm0emjzpf\/ w&m;udk,ftm;jzihf ESpfrsdK;vHk;twGuf ta'go jzpf\/ tedponm[lonf 0dyembm0em yifjzpf\/ w&m;udk,ftm;jzihf tarm[jzpf\/ wd[dwfukodkvfrSefvQif oabmoHk;rsdK;onf rvG J r aoG y g&\/ rvG J r aoG y gaomf v nf ; xif&m;pGmodjrifvmatmif toH;k jyKwwfzawmh S Ykd vdk\/ xif&Sm;pGmtoHk;jyKwwfvmatmif aqmif;yg;rsm; tm;xkwfxm;yg\/ tm;xkwfxm;onhftwdkif; vlrIquf qHa&;jzpfap? 'gerI? oDvrI? bm0emrIwdkY jzpfap? pGevwEir?I rdroumudk rdrxe;f odr;f Yf T f kd f d d d d EdkifrIESihf avmutay: arwmxm;EdkifrI tedp onmudk odjrifEdkifrIwdkYudk usihfoHk;Edkifatmif BuKd ;yrf;vdpwf jzpfay:vmvQiaomfvnf;aumif; k d f aqmif;yg;rsm;udk a&;&usdK;eyfNyD[k ,lqrd rnfjzpfygaMumif; azmfjytyfyg\/ OD ; a&T a tmif

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf "ropmudk Tefjyonf/

25

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

26

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29

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

34

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35

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DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

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37

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DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

38

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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39

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aiGMu,fpifwkdYaemufokdY vkdufoGm;jcif;
Follows the Starry path
By Dhamma Vi-ra Thandar Aung, ITBM University, Yangon,

All ears:- tm;vHk; em;awGpGihfaeMuw,f/ All eyes:- tm;vHk; rsufpdawG zGifhaeMuw,f/ t*Fvdyfpum;rSm Much hearing and seeing odyfudkMum;csif

jrifcsifaeMuw,fqdkwJh pum;wpf&yf&Sdygw,f/ odcsifMum;csifaevdkY *k pkdufNyD; em;pGifhaeMuovdk? awGUcsifjrifcsif;vGef;vdkY *kpdkufNyD; rsufpd rrSdwfwrf;vkdufMunhfaew,fqdkwJh pum;jzpfygw,f/ All ears qdkwJhpum;rsdK;u (IDM) vdkY twdkaumufac:wJh an idiomatic language OypmtoHk;tEIef; bmompum;rsdK;jzpfygw,f/ All ears; (IDM) (infml) odyfMum;csifaew,f/ 'gaMumihf em;pGihf xm;w,fvdkY qdkwmrsdK;pum;yg/
Tell me your news- I'm all ears.

rif;&JUowif; ihgudkajymjyprf;yguGm/ ig odyfMum;csifvGef;vdkY em;pGihfxm;w,f/ All ears qdkwJh pum;vHk;&JU wkdufdkufteufu hear tMum;? hearing Mum;jcif;vdkY xGufygw,f/ tJ'D ]]tMum;}} qdkwJhpum;vHk;udk? (IDM) Oypmpum;eJY oHk;vkdufwJhtcgrSm? hear; hearing uae gall; galling jzpfNyD;awmh? be galling to the ear em;Mum;jyif;uyfw,f&,fvdkY teufxGufoGm;wmudk awGU&w,f/ t*Fvdyfpum;rSm umv a'otvkduf oHk;EIef;ajymqdkMuwJh? "avhoHk;pum;awG&Sdygw,f/ tJ'gudk Today's idiom vdkYvJac:ygw,f/ tJ'D tD'D,rf idiom rSmwpfcg? The popular idiom acwfay:tD'D,rf pum;/ religious idiom bmoma&;e,fy,frS qif;oufvmwJh tD',rf D pum;/ Classical idiom d;k &m"avheqiwhJ tD',rfpum;&,fvYkd "avh YJ kd f D oHk;pum;awG&Sdygw,f/ 'ghtjyif? a'od,pum;qdkwJh a'ooHk;pum; Have an ear for Irish idiom tdkif;&pf&SfvlrsdK;awG ajymqdkoHk;EIef;avh&SdMuwJh tdkif;&pf&Sf tD'D,rfpum;rsdK;awGuvJ &Sdao;w,f/ 'Dae&mrSm tvsOf;oihfvdkY ajymjy&r,fqdk&if? Idiom pum;qdk wmu? yk'wpfv;kH pDwi;f &JU teufuaygif;pyfjcif;tm;jzihf t"dym,fr&Si;f f dk kd vif;Ediao;yJ? yk'awGukd pkaygif;vdurS teuft"dym,fay:xGuvmapwJh k f f k f f yk'fpk/ 'grSr[kwf wGifus,faewJhtac:ta0: kVDpum;? 'grSr[kwf cdkif;EdIif;wifpm;wJhpum;? Oypmpum;/ wenf;tm;jzihfajym&&if txl; 0daooteuft"dym,faqmifwJhpum;pkjzpfw,f/

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Aspects of Bahusacca Paa

"r 0 D & -oE m atmif tJ'D idiom &JUpum;pkwpfckudk Oyrmjy&&if? Pull your socks qdkwmrsdK;/ t"dym,fu ]]rif;&JUtjyKtrlawGudk jyKjyifvdkufygOD;}} vdkY oufa&mufwJh Oypmpum;rsdK;jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdkpum;rsdK;udk t*FvdyfawG uIdiomatic obm0uswJhwdusrSefuefwJh? av;eufrI&SdwJhbmompum; idiosynorasy eJY? xl;jcm;wJhtoGifaqmifwJhpum; syncralic vdkY qdkyg w,f/ Idiomatic qdwmu (u) "avho;qefwpum;vH;jzpfwhJ pum; k kH hJ k rsKd ;awGukd qdvwmyg/ She speaks fluent and idiomatic French jyifopf k kd EdkifiHoHk; Oypmpum;udk oHk;pGJajymqdkwmrsdK;jzpfygw,f/ (c) Oypmpum;? kVDpum;jzpfwJh an idiomatic expression/ language qdkwmrsdK;jzpfyg w,f/ aemufwpfcku umva'otvkduf rl[efajymqdkMuwmrsdK; an idiomatic rendering of a piano concerto &,fvYkd idiomatically ajymMu qdkMuwmrsdK;yg/ jrefrmpmvdk wifpm;ajymqdMk uwJh Oypmpum; toH;k tEIe;f t& qd&if ]]rsupawGzi?hf em;awGpixm;Mu}} qdwhJ toH;k tEIe;f rsKd ;udk t*Fvyf k f d G G hf k d idiom pum;vHk;t& all ears; all eyes vdkY ajymwmjzpfygw,f/ jrefrmpum; ]]Mum;w,f}}? ]]em;eJqwfqwfMum;w,f}} qdwmudk Y k t*Fvdyfu hear vdkY ajymygw,f/
up You're not to go, do you hear me?

rif;roGm;&bl;/ igajymaewm rif;Mum;&JUvm;

I hear she's leaving.

oloGm;awmhr,fvdkY igMum;w,f/ jrefrmvdk ]]jrifw,f}}? ]]rsufpdeJYudk jrifw,f}} vdkY ajymwmudk t*Fvdyfpum;u see vdkYajymygw,f/
He couldn't see her in the crowd.

vltkyfBuD;txJrSm olrudk olu rjrifbl;/

Did you see the film on TV last night?

Ny;D cJwnu wDAuaejyoGm;wJh ky&ium;udk cifAsm;Munhvuf h hJ GD f S f f dk ao;ovm; tJ'D see jrifw,fqdkwJhpum;udk (IDM) idiom pum;taeeJY oHk;wJhtcgusawmhNot see eye to eye with him.

pmrsuf E S m 18 ok d Y