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vIiMf unfjzL"r0&pmaywkuf d D d zke;f - 0980 23992? 0950 01401? 01-507208 rk;d aumif;uifpmay? trSw(f 134)? tcef;(6)? 36-vrf;(v,f)? ausmufwwm;NrKd e,f? &efueNf rKd /YU H U k zke;f -01-253255 xGe;f OD;pmay(rEav;) zke;f 02-39801

Address
Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

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EDITORIAL
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oifyg odyg usihfyg tusKd;&MurSm "r0D&\ apwem

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FORE ARTICLES

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avh&\/xdvifa,musm;\ ZeD;r,m;uvnf;dS k f ig;yg;oDvudapmifxe;f \/ ud,usihf k h d k f oDvvnf;aumif;\/ pdwfoabmxm;vnf; El;nHhaysmhajymif;\/ o0efwdkjcif;vnf;r&Sd/ orP? jA[ P ol a wmf p if w d k Y u d k v nf ; MunfndK\/ ay;vSL\/ xdkuJhodkYaom ZeD;armifESHonfum; vifuvnf; ewfom;jzpfNyD; r,m;uvnf; ewforD;jzpfum aygif;oif;qufqae&jcif;jzpf H av\/ (p) Ak'b&m;\ txufyg tdraxmifa&; k f w&m;udk emMum;Mu&aom ZeD;armifESHwdkYonf rdrw\b0toD;oD;jyefvnfo;kH oyfMunfMh u\/ d Ykd ]]ig[m olaoaumif vifa,musfm; vm;--- ewfom;vm; ig[m olawmfaumif;r,m;vm;--ewforD;vm;/ w&m;av;yg;onf vifr,m;ZeD; armifESHwdkif;ESifh oufqdkifaomw&m;rsm;jzpf ay&m ZeD;armifESHtm;vHk;wdkif; "raywHESifh wdkif;wm usifhBuHaexdkifoifhMuayw,f/ 'k w d , oH 0 gook w f 'Dokwfu &[ef;awGudk a[mMum; xm;wJhokwfjzpfw,f/ &[ef;awGeJY tdrfaxmifa&;udp ZeD; armifESHwdkY&JUtaMumif;t&mrsm;[m roufqdkif ayr,fh &[ef;awGvnf; odoifhodxkdufw,f qkdwJhoabmeJY Ak'bk&m;u a[mMum;xm;jcif; jzpfayvdrfhr,f/ bmjzpfvkdYvJqkdawmh *gr0goD &yf & G m uk d r S D w if ; NyD ; oD w if ; ok H ; aewJ h & [ef ; ? e*&0goDNrKUd jyawGrmaexkiMf uwJ&[ef;awG[m S d h vl? 'g,um? 'g,dumrrsm;eJYruif;EkdifMubl;

FORE ARTICLES
"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smufonf/

jA[ p d k & f w &m;ES i f h uH o H k ; yg;

yk & mPf " r c ef q k H ; rpm 1/ oefvsufjzpfjim;? raoG;xm;aomf csifh"m;vkdcg? rwkH;vm;/ 2/ ukd,fwGifa&m*g? uyfcJhvm? tem r&if h y gapES i f h / tem&if h u ? ouf E S i f h w rQ? &SdwwfpG/ 3/ wpf a usmif ; xG u f 0 if ? ausmif ; pOf vnf v S n f h ? wynf h r nf u m vl Y A mvmum;? q&mjrwfukd rcspf&m/ 4/ eHeufncg aopmapmif;jiif;? oDcsi;f wvku?f Muufwuf tefcwf? vnfywfom;rsm;? d dk G xkda,mufsm;um;? Opmrsm;ukd rcspf&m/ usD;oJav;xyfq&mawmf &SifrkedEmbd"Z (jrefrm 1179-1256) yk a w m 0g'qk H ; rpm armifi,f&ifaoG;? embdao;avmh ]]a&S ; oa&mtcg? jynf A m&m0,f ? uk a #<u,f x m;? ol a X;om;vQif ? om; wpfa,mufjzpf? cspfwap? tdrfrSmae? pmayrus? rdbpkaw? cEma&GUaomf? ta&SU taemuf? awmif ajrmufb,frSm? rodbmjim;? olaX;om;onf? okdxm;rwwf? t&yf&yf? tyfESHOpm? &SdonfiSmukd? rsm;pGmuRefaygif;? raumif;ck;d ol? ,lajy;a&Smif? tdrua&mif;? f dk axmif ; axmif ; aMuvsuf ? cG u f v uf p J G u m? awmif;pm;ygvsuf? oifomvlrkduf? 'kpkduf[k? k d u f y k w f v k d u f M u? &G m rS x G u f a v? awmrS m aoonf/ / aumifaovif;wus\wnf;}}/ qm;wkHq&mawmf (jrefrm 1190-1250 cefY) vlYbHkXmae? wpfcga&mufawmh tb,fuJhodkY? usifhBuHr,f/ vlYbHkqdkwm? A[dkcsufuGJY edAmefi&J? a&mufEdkifw,f/ avmuBuD;rSm? oligtrsm;udk arwm"mwfeJY? at;apr,f/ qif;&JolawG? jrifyg&awmh ukPmyGm;vdkY? oem;uG,f/ wpfyg;olawG? csrf;omjzpfawmh rdrdpdwfrSm? 0rf;omr,f/ oljzpfolcH? uHw&m;rdkY Oayumxm;vdkY? IyguG,f/ udk,fhrSmOpm? jynfhpHkapvdkY uHPf0D&d,? aumif;apr,f/ wpfyg;oludk? rapmfum;ESifh pmemw&m;jzifh? qifjcifuG,f/ um,uHrSm? aumif;pGmjyKvdkY tjypfuif;atmif? aeyghr,f/ pnf;urf;qdkwm? vlwdkif;wGufrdkY dk;om;BudK;pm;? pGrf;aqmifuG,f/ 0pDuHrSm? ajzmifhpGmajymvdkY trSefpum;udk? qdkygr,f/ opmrEef? wefcdk;BuD;vdkY awmrD;BuD;vJ? Nidrf;apw,f/ raemuHrSm? ukodkvfawG;eJY pdwfaumif;av;udk? arG;jrLr,f/ avmuDr*Fvm? 'Dw&m;udk tm;vHk;vdkufem? usifhBuHvG,f/ tJ'grS? Ak'tqHk;r "rr*FvmuG,f/ /

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qA * d , 0w K Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0wdjynf aZw0efausmif;awmf aeawmfraomtcg rdrd l udk,fudk ynm&Sd vlvdrfrm[kajymavh&SdMuukef aom qA*&[ef;wdudk taMumif;jyK ]e awe d Yk y@dawm a[mwd} paom *gxmudk a[mawmf rlonf/ e awe y@dawm a[mwd? ,m0wm A[k bmowd/ acrD ta0&D tba,m? ]]y@dawm}} wdy0kpwd/ jref r muAsm pum;rsm;rsm; ajymMum;vlv,f? ynm&Sdppf rjzpfEkdifw,f? ab;&efuif;rI? jyKoludkuG,f/ ynm&Sd u0dqdkEkdifw,f/
He is not thereby a learned man merely because he speaks much; he who is secure without hate, and fearless, is called learned.

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

toufarG;rI pifMu,faMumif;w&m;
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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odyHynm&Sifrsm; rjrifao;aom Ak'\ kyfemrfobm0tjrifrsm;

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf avmuD avmukw&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

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CONDITIONAL RELATIONS OF THE CAUSE Of WORLDLY PHENOMENA

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t,kwfqHk;? uH? uH\ tusKd;ay;wdkYudk ,HkMunf jyKMuygrl? tavmb[dwf? ta'go[dwf? tarm[[dwfoHk;yg;[lonfh rvdkcsifonfh taMumif;? rjypfrSm;onhftaMumif;? rawGa0onfhtaMumif; oHk;yg;wnf; [laom a&aomufjrpfBuD;rsm;aMumihfom udktrlt&m EIwftrlt&m? pdwftrlt&mtrsKd;rsKd;[lonfh a[wkypnf;\ tusKd;ypKyefw&m;wdkY? odkYr[kwf okp&dw? ok&mZD0? ukovtpm;pm;? wd[dwf? 'Gd[dwfjzpfyGm; Muukef\/ bk & m;? yap u Ak ' g &[E m wd k Y jyKorQBwd , maZmcsnf ; om xdkrSwpfyg; bk&m;? yapuAk'g &[EmwdkYrSm xdkxdktmHkwdkYudk ajcmuf'Gg&wdkY awGU&SdMuaomtcgwGif a,medaomreodum&ESihfoH0& w&m;ponfwEiom Mu,maZmcsn;f jzpfuevsuf ukov?f tukovf wduoYkd aumif; raumif;tusK;d ray;bJ jyKumrwtrlt&mAsmyg&rQomjzpf Ykd S fh d k f kd kd Yk hJ Muavonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihf o[dwfBud,m tAsmuwaZmwdkYomvQif a[wkypnf;rsm;jzpfaeMuonfr[kwfao;? o[dwfy#doaE? b0if? pkwdwdkYrSm yg&Sdonfh[dwfESpfyg; oHk;yg;wdkYonfvnf; a[wkypnf;rsm; jzpfMuukef\/ y#doaE b0if? pkwdwdkYum; ajcmuf'Gg&wdkYjzpfMuaom pdwfwdkYr[kwfMu/ if;ajcmuf'Gg&wdkYrS vGwfaom 'Gg&0drkwfpdwfwdkYjzpfMu\/ ow 0 gwd k i f ; [d w f o H k ; yg;jzpf a e uJhodkY ukodkvf? tukokdvf? tAsmuw[dwfwdkYonf ow0gwdkif;wdkYjzpfaeMuonfudk odapvdkonfjzpf ]]a[wkypa,mwd a[wl? a[wk or,kwumeH "rmeH? wH ork|memelygeH a[wkypa,e yp a,m}} [k y|mef;a'oemawmfwGif jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlonf/ a[wk y p n f ; twd k c sH K ; 0d y emtvk y f a y;&ef a[wkypnf;udk ukodkvf? tukodkvf? tAsmuwoHk;pm;wdkYESihf jyqdkcJhonfwdkYudk tusOf;csHK; jyqdk&ygrl? ajcmuf'Gg&? ajcmuftmHkwdkY jzihf od&SdorQaom aZmpdwfwdkYrSm aumif;wmawGjrifodorQwdkYvnf;ysuf? qdk;wmawG jrifodorQwdkYvnf;ysuf? omrnjrifodorQwdkYvnf;ysuf? uJhodkY wysufxJysufaeonfudkjrifodae&jcif;udk ygVdbmomt& tedp [kqdkavonf/ ,if;tysuftedpudk tzefzefIrIudk 0dyem[kqdkonf/ jrifodysuf tedp0dyemudk xdkxdkaZm0DxdjzpforQwdkYrSm a[wkypnf;wdkYESihfcsnf;jzpfMuygaom jrifodaZmwdkY topftopfajymif; orQ ta[mif;ta[mif;wdkYu tNrJysufysufvdkufaeonfudk PfESihf rdatmifMunhfIMu ]tedp? tedp} [k tcgcg IyGm;Muap&ef &nf ]a[wkyp,? jzpfysufMu? tedppk? xifatmifI} [k wifjytyfygownf;/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) [H o m0wD - OD ; tk e f ; Bud K if pmrsuf E S m 9 rS pOf ; pm;Ed k i f \ / wcF P k y w d Pf y nmES i h f jynf h p H k \ [k tm;&0rf;om cs;D usL;axmrem jyK ygawmhonf/ b'gonf rdbtdrfodkYrjyefawmhbJ ed*PwuwGef;wdkY\ausmif;odkYoGm; ed*P wdkY\ tjrihfqHk; &[ef;rjyKay;enf;jzpfaom xef ; aph j zih f qH y if w d k Y u d k E I w f &[ef ; rjyK ay;jcif;jzihf ed*P&[ef;rjzpfoGm;awmhonf/ uk@vauom[k trnfwGifonf/ twwf ynmtm;vH;k udk oif,wwfajrmufNy;D aemufq;kH l t&Sifom&dykw&m ESihf 0g'csif;NydKifIH;aomf jrwfpGmbk&m;xHawmfodkYa&muf jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom a,m p *gxmowH bmao? tew y 'oH [ d w m? {uH "r y 'H aoa,sm? ,H okwGm Oyorwd/ tusd K ;r&S d a om yk ' f w d k Y E S i h f p yf , S O f aom a[majymjyoaom *gxmwpf & m xuf tMuif w &m;wpf y k ' f u d k emMum;& avmbpaom ud a vomtyl c yf o d r f ; at;Nid r f ; \/ xd k w &m;wpf y k ' f o nf o m jrwf \ [laom wpf*gxmaom w&m;awmf \ tqH;k y#dor'gav;yg;ESiwuG &[Emjzpf d hf onf / jrwf A k ' u uk @ vauoD a x&D r ud k bduLeDrwdkYwGif cdygbdnm{w*f- vsifjrefaom todPf&Sdaom bduLeDrwdkYwGif tjrwfqHk; yk*dKvftjzpf bGJUwHqdyfawmf tyfESif;awmfrlyg onf/ txufwifjycJhNyD;aom b'golaX; orD;uJoyif jrwfA'vufxufawmfu temx h Ykd k ydPfolaX;\ uRefrwpfa,mufonfvnf; rdrd udk owf tzdk;wpfodef;xkdufaom vuf0wf &wemudk,lrnfh cdk;ola,musfm;tm; XmEkywd uynm- wpfcPcsif;jzpfay:vmaomPf ynmjzihf tEkdif,lcJhyHkudk jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; avQmufxm;aomtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u tem xydPfolaX;BuD;tm; ]]uRefronf ,ckb0 om XmEkywuynmESifh jynhponfr[kwao;? d f kH f a&S;b0uvnf; XmEkywduynmESihf jynhfpHkcJh onfom? ,ckb0om xdkcdk;oludk owfjzwf Ediconfr[kwao;? a&S;b0 okvomtrnf k f hJ f &Sdaom jynfhwefqmrjzpfpOftcguvnf; cdk;ol a,musf m ;ud k owf j zwf E d k i f c J h o nf o m}} [k twdwfaqmifum a[mMum;awmfrlygonf/ wifjycJhNyD;aom 0wKZmwfvrf;wdkY &mZN*dK[fol b'gESihf okvomjynfhwefqmrwdkY udk awmifapmifewfwu pl;prf;qifjcif tajrmf h Ykd tjrifESifh jynfhpHkygay\? wcFPkywdynmESihf jynfpygap\[k tm;&0rf;om cs;D usL;axmrem h kH jyKjcif;? temxydPfolaX;\uRefrudk jrwfpGm bk&m;&Sifu XmEkywduynm- wpfcPcsif; jzpfay:vmaomPfynmjzihf jynhpygay\[k f kH csD;rGrf;awmfrljcif;onf ynmESihfpyf ynm tvif;a&mifESihfpyf rSwfom;zG,f&mrsm; jzpf ygawmhonf/ quf v uf w if j yygrnf t&S i f ' d u mbd 0 H o (rE a v; yaZ m wmH k ) tT e f ; / "r y 'a'oemawmf

PODIUM DHAMMA
"r0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

13

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TALK ON THE DHAMMA

14

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(9) e0emrud H (ar;) e0 ow m 0gom (ajz) udk;ckqdkwm bmwJhvJ/ ow0go bHkudk;0 qdkMuwmygyJ/ (10) 'oemrud H (ar;) 'o[a*F[d orEm*awm t&[mwdOpwd (ajz) q,fckqdkwm bmwJhvJ/ (10) yg;t*FgjynfhpkHyg &[EmqdkwmyJ/ pkpkaygif; Ak'jrwfpGmtar; (10) csuf? aomygu omraP tajz (10) csufjzpfygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ykpm (10) csufudk ajzqdkEdkifaomaMumihf ckepfESpfom; omraPi,fuav; aomygutm; ]]&[ef;jzpfap}} [k &[ef;tjzpfcGifhjyKawmfrlonf/ &[E m jzpf j cif ; taMumif ; t*F g (10) yg; (1) orm'd|dr**F= aumif;aomt,lwnf;[laomynm/ (2) ormouFyr**F= aumif;aomtBuHtpnfwnf;aom 0dwuf/ (3) orm0gpmr**F= aumif;aompum;\taMumif;/ (4) ormurEr**F= aumif;aomtrI\taMumif;/ (5) ormtmZD0r**F= aumif;aomtoufarG;jcif;taMumif;/ (6) orm0g,rr**= aumif;aomvHv0D&,jyKjcif;wnf;[laom 0D&,/ F Yk d d (7) ormowdr**F= aumif;pGmatmufarhjcif;[laom owd/ (8) ormorm"dr**F= aumif;pGmwnfMunfjcif;[laom {u*wm/ (9) ormP= &[EmwdkY\ Opmjzpfaom ormPf/ (10) orm0drkwd= &[EmwdkY\ Opmjzpfaom vGwfajrmufrI/ pmud k ; / / ck ' u ed u m,f y gVd a wmf E S i h f t|uxm/ rH k & G m Nrd K Uta&S U v,f w D w d k u f q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; pD & if a wmf r l a om r[mok w 'D y eD u srf ; / cif a rmif r d k ; (awmif B uD ; )

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DHAMMA DEW
"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

15

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aygrsm;jcif;? *kPfodefBuD;rm;jcif;? xif&Sm;ausmfapmjcif;? wufodvdrm jcif; ponfwdkYudk remvdkrI? rMunhfEdkifrI? apmif;ajrmif;rI? jiLplrI? EIwfcrf;pl ajymqdkrIrsm;onf myifjzpf\/ rdr&ypn;f ? rdrEiqiaomypn;f rsm;udk olwpfyg;ESifh rqufqH d dS d S fh kd f vdkrI? ray;urf;? rvSL'gef;&ufrIudkvnf;aumif;? rdrd\ypnf; pnf;pdrf *kPfodefrsm; olwpfyg;&rSmpdk;&drfjcif;udkvnf;aumif; rp&d,yifjzpf\/

trsd K ;,k w f & jcif ; ? trsd K ;jrwf & jcif ;

avmu tcsKd Uaom rde;f ra,musm;wdonf tvGermeBu;D f Yk f \/ olwpfyg;udk txiftjrifao;\/ udk,fhudk,fudk txifBuD;\/ dkao av;pm;xkuourQ daoav;pm;&rSe;f rodwwf/ xdowonf aovQif d f l kd k k l Ykd i&JodkYus&\/ vljzpfvmvQifvnf; atmufusaemufus ,kwfnHhaom trsdK;jzpf&\/ xduoYkd rmefrmerBu;D bJ daoav;pm;xkuoukd daoav;pm; k hJ k d f l k avh&Sd\/ xdkolwdkYonf aovQif ewfjynfa&muf&\/ vljzpfvmvQif vnf; trsdK;jrwf&\/ tod t vd r m &S d j cif ; ? tod t vd r m r&S d j cif ; avmu tcsdKUaom rdef;ra,musfm;wdkYonf ynm&SdwdkYxH csOf;uyf ukodkvf? tukodkvfudkvnf;aumif;? tjypf&Sd-r&Sdukdvnf; aumif;? rdrdrSD0Jxdkuf rrSD0Jxdkufaomt&mudkvnf;aumif;? aemifoHo&m tpOfyg aumif;usdK;ay;rnhf w&m;udkvnf;aumif;? ar;jref;avhr&Sd? aqG;aEG;avhr&Sd/ xif&mjrif&mjyK 'kpdkufrsm;ojzihf xdkolwdkYonf aovQif i&JodkYus&\/ vljzpfvQif todtvdrm Pfynmuif;? vlzsif; vlt vlrdkufjzpf&\/ xduoaomtcsursKd ;wdukd ESpoufMunfjzLem,l ar;jref;avh k hJ Ykd f Yk f &Sdaomolonfum; aovQifewfjynfa&muf&\/ vljzpfvQifvnf; tod tvdrm PfynmBuD;rm;vsuf xufjrufaomoljzpf&\/ vdk&if;tcsKyftm;jzihf ]]b,folrjyK rdrdtrIom}} qdkonfESihf tnD a&S;a&S;aomumv? a&S;a&S;b0u jyKcJhzl;aom uHtm;avsmfpGm ,ckb0 ,ckumv aumif;usdK;ESihfraumif;usdK;udk &&SdMu&avonf/ uHonfom oGm;av&m t&dyfygacs\/ t&d y f a umif ; csif & if uH a umif ; atmif v k y f ? uH a umif ; rS t&d y f a umif ; &rnf /

avmu tcsdKUaom rdef;ra,musfm;wdkYonf... ow0gwdtay: oem;jcif;uif;vsuf oltoufukd &ufpufpm Yk Y G owf\/ xdkolrsm;onf aovQifi&JodkYus&\/ i&JvGwf vljzpfaomf um; toufwdk&\/ ow0gwdkYtay: ukPmxm;vsuf olYtoufowfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf\/ xdorsm;onf ewfjynfa&muf&\/ ewfrv vljzpfaomf k l S JG um; touf&SnfpGmae&\/ tema&m*guif ; &jcif ; ? ruif ; &jcif ; avmu tcsdKUaom rdef;ra,musfm;wdkYonf... ow0gwdkYtay: vufjzihfaomfvnf;aumif;? cJ wkwf "m; paom vufeufwdkYjzihfaomfvnf;aumif;? nOf;qJavh&Sd\/ xdkolrsm; aovQif i&Jus&wwf\/ vlYjynfa&mufvQifaomfum; a&m*gxlajym temaygav\/ ow0gwdkYtay: vufjzihfaomfvnf;aumif;? cJ wkwf "m; paom vufeufwdkYjzihfaomfvnf;aumif;? nOf;qJESdyfpufavhr&Sd/ xdkol rsm;onf aovQif ewfjynfa&muf&\/ vljY ynfjzpfaomfum; tema&m*g uif;&Sif;&\/ tqif ; vS j cif ; ? tqif ; rvS j cif ; avmu tcsdKUaomrdef;ra,musfm;wdkYonf.... tvGefa'goBuD;\/ tenf;i,fpum;ajym&ifyif olwpfyg; xdyg;ykwfcwfajymqdk\/ xdkolwdkYonf aovQif i&Jus&wwf\/ oljzpf vQifvnf; rsufESmykwfodk; tkyfqdk;jzpf&\/ trsm;tay: a'gorxGu?f arwmouf0if\/ olwpfyg;tjypf udk rajym? pdwMf unfvifat;jroljzpf\/ xdowaovQif ewfjynfa&muf k l Ykd &\/ vljzpfvQif MunfvifvSy tqif;vS&\/

a>c&H a yg&jcif ; ? a>c&H r ayg&jcif ;

avmu tcsdKUaom rdef;ra,musfm;wdkYonf... jiLplapmif;ajrmif;jcif; tm;BuD;\/ xkdolwdkYaovQif i&J udk us&\/ vljzpfvQif a>c&Hpdk;rdk;wefcdk;tmPm enf;yg;&\/ xdkuJhodkY m jiLplapmif;ajrmif;jcif;r&Sdolonf aovQif ewfjynfa&muf&\/ vljzpfaomf emrnfausmfMum; a>c&Hrsm; wefcdk; tmPm MoZmBuD;rm;&onf/

rCa'0vuF m
(u) ygPmwdygwf? oufowfa&S;[d?k tukovaMumif?h oufwkd kd f vl&G,f? aoaysmufvG,f\/ tb,fqufquf? olYoufowfrI? rjyKtpOf? arwm ,SOf? z,fMuOfwwfjim;? ouf&Snfvsm;&Sifh/ (c) oem;rJvsu?f wkwvufeufjzih?f Edypufwwfo?l a&m*gxl h f S f \/ ud,wrjcm;? olwpfyg;tm;? oem;wwfvsO;f uif;\tem/ k f l (*) rsm;pGmrsu?I xGuwwfowYkd vlEivcsi;f ? rwlvsi;f atmif? f f l S fh l tqif;rvS/ rsufenf;uvQif? lywihfw,f? IzG,frNiD;/ (C) mBuD;u udk,fxD;csdKUwJh? &SdefapmfrJh\/ uJh&JUjiLpl? uif;olwdkYum;? aygrsm;a>c&H? wefcdk;vsH&Sihf/ (i) vSLcHwdkYtm;? q,fyg;'ge? vSLrcsaomf? tyabm*g pmrsuf E S m 16 ok d Y

yp n f ; r&S d j cif ; ? yp n f ; &S d j cif ;

avmu tcsKd Uaomrde;f ra,musm;wdonf pGeBYf uay;urf; f Yk J vSL'gef;avhr&Sd/ rp&d, 0efwdkjcif;tm;BuD;\/ xdkolwdkYonf aovQif i&JodkYus&\/ vljzpfvmaomf ypnf;Opm qif;&J&\/ xduoYkd rp&, 0efwjkd cif;r&SbJ pGeBYf uay;urf;vSL'gef;avh&\/ k hJ d d J dS xkdolwdkYonf aovQifewfjynfa&muf&\/ vljzpfvmvQif ypnf;Opm <u,f0&\/ rS w f c suf olwpfyg;udk uH? Pf? 0D&d, tm;avsmfpGm pnf;pdrfOpm

SPECIAL FEATURE OF WEEK

16

"r0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

ig olwpfyg; a,musfm; rdef;r vlewfjA[mow0g

txifrSm; tjrifrSm; 'd|dtyg; (20)

armif x d e f 0 if ; (opf a wm)

oum,'d|d\teuft"dym,fudkazmfjy? oum,'d|dtjym; (20) ESifhwuG? kyfoum,jzpfyHkwdkYudk Oyrmrsm;jzihf xif&Sm;atmif azmfjyjcif;/ ou m ,'d | d q d k o nf r S m ]]oaEmuma,m ouma,m}} oaEm- y&rwtm;jzihf xif&Sm;&Sdaom? uma,m- kyfemrf taygif;wnf;/ ouma,m- y&rwtm;jzihf xif&m;aomkyemrftaygif;/ S f ]]ouma, y0wm'd|d oum,'d|d}} ouma,- y&rwtm;jzihf xif&Sm;&Sdaom kyfemrftaygif;? y0wm- tajccHjzpfaom? 'd|- taygif;j'yfu tw[vnf;aumif;? d kd I k twed,[kvnf;aumif; tjrifrSm;jcif;jzpfonf/ oum,'d|- y&rwtm;jzihf xif&m;&Saom kyemrftaygif; d S d f tw twed,[k tjrifrSm;jcif;/ y&rwtppfjzpfaom kyfemrftay: y&rwtm;jzihf xif&Sm;r&Sdaomtw[k ,lqrSm;,Gif;jcif;udk oum, 'd|d[k qdkavonf/ ig olwpfyg; a,musfm; rdef;r vlewfjA[m ow0gyk*dKvf[k xifaom'd|dt,ljzpfayonf/ ou m ,'d | d - 20 cEm 5-yg; ig? ihgOpm[l pG,rukd oum,'d|[k qdygonf/ J l I d k xdkoum,'d|djzpfyHkrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfavonf/ kyf'd|dav;yg;jzpfyHkrSm(1) lyH twawm ywd/ kyfudk tw[kI\/ (kyfonfig) (2) ly0EH 0g twmeH ywd/ twudk kyf&Sd\[k I\/ (igonfkyf) (3) twed0g lyH ywd/ tw kyfudkI\/ (kyfig&Sdonf) (4) lyod H0g twmeH ywd/ kyftwudk I\/ (igkyf&Sdonf) aygif; lyuEmwnf;[laom kypG,rtw'|d (4) yg;jzpf\/ f J l I d tvm;wl <uif;aoma0'emuEm? onmuEm? ocFg&uEm? 0dnmPuEmwdkYvnf; enf;twdkif;av;yg;pDjzpfavonf/ pkpkaygif;aomf oum,'d|d (tw'd|d) 4_5= 20 ESpfq,fjzpf avonf/ rH k & G m ta&S U v,f w D q &mawmf B uD ; \ r[mok w 'D y eD u srf ; vmaqmif y k ' f kyfudktw? kyfuihg[m? ihgrSmkyf&Sd? kyfig&Sd? 'd|dav;jzm? kyf0,fwnf;/ kyfudktw? pGJ,lMu? wpf0'd|dwnf;/ kyfonfihg[m? pGJ,lwm? rSwfyg'd|dwnf;/

ihgkyf&Sd? pGJ,lbd? 'd|dtrSm;wnf;/ kyfig&Sd? pGJ,lbd? 'd|djzpfownf;/ lyuE? oum,? av;0'd|dwnf;/ k y f ' d | d j zpf y H k Oyrmav;rsd K ; (1) tpd0P- rD;awmufESifhta&mifudk twljyKouJhodkY kyfESihftwudk P twljyK ,lrSm;onf/ (l y H t w a wmywd ) (2) kuqm,m t&dyf&Sdaomopfyif? opfyif\t&dyf[kqdkouJhodkY? m,mkyf&Sd aomig? ig\kyf[k oH+omrDtjzpf ,lrSm;onf/ (l y 0E H tw m eH y wd ) (3) yef;rSmeHY&Sd- yef;udkrSD teHYwnfouJhodkY? twudkrSD kyfwnf ae&onf/ trmcHtwr&SdvQif kyfoufoufrwnfEdkif/ (tw e d l y H ywd ) (4) MuKwxnhywjrm;- ywjrm;onf MuKwxatmif;aeouJo?Ykd tw f f f J h onf kyfxJwGif cdkatmif;ae\/ (l y o d H tw m eH y wd ) r[mok w 'D y eD v m aqmif y k ' f v uF m tpd 0P? kuqm,m? yef;rSmeHY&Sd? MuKwfxnhfywjrm;? av;yg;? rSwfom;'d|d? Oyrmwnf;/ armif x d e f 0 if ; (opf a wm) pmrsuf E S m 15 rS jzpfav&m0,f? csrf;omr&? r0a&pm qif;&JpGm\/ q,fjzm0wK vSLaumif;rIudk? a&S;jyKrsm;rl? xdkxdkolum;? vlwif vlew? vlrsm;rSwatmif? orw&yNf ir?f bHeef; G f f f d d k tdrfESihf pnf;pdrfBuD;us,f? jynhfNzdK;<u,f\/ (p) tb,fa&S;u BuD;rmeESihf? ESdrfcsrusdK; &Sdcdk;xdkufpGm *kPf0gBuD;rm;? olwdkYtm;vQif? rjym;r0yf? rysyf rudkif;? rdkufdkif;rJax? dkaouif;x? vlxdkrQum;? [DersdK;EG,f? ndK;i,f,kwfrm? jzpfwwfpGm\/ o*g&0? oupjzihf? ESdrhfcsaumfa&mf? ylaZmfav;jrwf jyKwvufu? ao|EG,;kd ? vlrsKd ;d;k Tw?f rsKd ;jrwfxu\/ kH f G f (q) oljrwfwdkYxH? emcHw&m;? avQmufxm;ar;jcif;? tjyK ysif;u Pfzsif;ynm? EHkYxdkif;pGm\/ Mum;em"r? okwaqGppf? usdK;jzpfta&;? avQmufar; wwfpGm? olwumrl? ynmus,feuf? Pfxufjruf\/ a[m>rufrdefYrSm? a'oem? ocsFmaygif;bGJU? wpfq,hf av;yg;? tjym;udk? rSwfom;0rf;xJ? aocsmpGJ&Sihf/ (rCa'0- yd k ' f - 329)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfaponf/
rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

17

a&mufav\/ aoma&,s&[ef;\ ESpfb0 jzpf&yfudk Mum;odMuaom olrsm;u wkefvIyf acsmufcsm;um &[ef;xH csOf;uyf ar;Mu\/ &ifoyf Iarmvnf; jzpfMu\/ oHa0*vnf; jzpfMu\/ om;av;a,mufESifhpyf ar;&m wG i f tzb0jzih f & aom om;ES p f a ,muf om;ES xuf trdb0jzihf&aom om;ESpfa,mufudk aoma&,s&[ef yd k cspf c if a Mumif ; aoma&,s &[ef ; u jyef v nf a jzMum;\/ ar;cG e f ; rsm;ajzMum;&zef r sm;aom tcg aoma&,s&[ef;onf &SupEd;k jzpfvm\/ f xdkYaMumifh wpfyg;wnf;udef;atmif;um &[ef; w&m;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfav&m y#dord'g av;yg;ESihfwuG &[EmjzpfoGm;av\/ xdktcg ol\b0onf tcsif;csif;qefYusifum 0da&m"d jzpfMuaom teEuHwdkY\ udef;atmif;pka0;&m 0da&m"db0r[kwfawmh/ tcsif;csif;vdkufavsm um tEka&m"djzpfMuaom Bud,mwdkY\ udef; atmif;pka0;&m tEka&m"db0 jzpfoGm;cJh av Ny/ D wpf c gwpf & H aoma&,srax&f \ b0ESifh ywfouf ar;cGe;f ar;jref;Muaomtcg aoma&,srax&fu ]]ightm; wpfpwpfa,muf kH aom om;wdkYtay: cspfjcif;rnfonfr&SdNyD}} [l ajzMum;avaomtcg &[ef;rsm;u xdk taMumif;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; oGm;a&muf avQmufxm;Mu\/ xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u om;awmfaoma&,srax&fonf t&[wzvf kd udk rsufarSmufjyKoGm;NyDjzpfojzihf ol\ajzMum; csufrSefaMumif; >rufMum;awmfrlNyD; atmufyg *gxm a'oemawmfudk a[mMum;awmfrl\/ - csrf ; omppf r nf o nf u d k trd u vnf ; ray;Ed k i f ? tbuvnf ; ray;Ed k i f ? aqGrsdK;uvnf; ray;Edkif/ csrf;omwkudkom ay;Ed k i f \ / - rdrd\ pdwfjrwfuomvQif rdb aqG r sd K ;wd k Y u ay;Ed k i f a omcsrf ; omxuf yd k yd k ppf r S e f a omcsrf ; omud k ay;Ed k i f \ / avmu csrf;omudkay;Edkifolrsm; &SdMuyg\/ rdbrsm;uvnf; ay;Edkif\/ aqGrsdK; rsm;uvnf; ay;Edi\/ csr;f omolrwaqGaumif; k f d f rsm;uvnf; ay;Edkif\/ r pEdkifolrsm;uvnf; ay;Edkif\/ ewfa'0grsm;uvnf; ay;Edkif\/ qkawmif;jynhu;kd uG,&mrsm;uvnf; ay;Edi\/ f f k f odkY&mwGif xdkxdkyk*dKvfrsm; ay;Edkifaomcsrf;om [lonfum; t&nftaoG;tm;jzihf ]]twk}} om jzpf\/ ]]tppf}} r[kwf/ umvtm;jzihfvnf;

cPomjzpf\/ xm0&r[kw/ tvGeq;kH MumvS f f vQif wpfoufwmomjzpf\/ wu,f w rf ; csrf ; omud k a y;Ed k i f onfum; rdrd\ukodkvfuHomjzpf\/ rdrd\ tukodkvfuH[lonfum; rdrd\ ur0dPf yif j zpf \ / rd r d \ ur 0 d Pf [ l o nf v nf ; rdrd\jrihfjrwfaom pdwfjzpf\/ umrm0p& ukodkvfpdwfudkxm;EdkifvQif umrok*wdcsr;f om udk&\/ lyg0p&ukodkvfpdwfESifh tlyg0p& ukodkvfpdwfudk xm;EdkifvQif lypsefcsrf;omESifh tl y psmef c srf ; omud k & \/ tu,f avmukw&mpdwfudkxm;EdkifvQif edAmefcsrf;om &\/ xd k c srf ; omtrsd K ;rsd K ;wd k Y w G i f ed A m ef csrf ; omonf t&nf t aoG ; tm;jzih f csrf ; omppf j zpf \ / csrf ; omwk r [k w f / umvtm;jzih f v nf ; xm0&csrf ; om jzpf \/ tjcm;csrf ; omrsm;um; twk o m jzpf \ / xd k Y a Mumih f ed A m ef c srf ; om vd k c sif vQif avmuk w & mpd w f u d k x m;Ed k i f a tmif rif a tmif k y f e mrf j ri atmif tm;xk w f & \/ k y f e mrf udk dk;dk;yuwd rsufpdjzihf MunhfrjrifEdkif/ Pf r suf p d j zih f Munh f r S j rif E d k i f \ / Pf rsufpdudk &zdkY&ef orm"dvdk\/ orm"dudk&rS Pfrsufpdudk&\/ orm"dudk &zdkYqdkonfrSm udk,fusihf oDvaumif;rSjzpf\/ udk,fusihf oDvudk xlaxmifrdvQif owdudk xlaxmif &\/ owd [ l o nf d k ; d k ; owd r [k w f / ty r m'tqih f o d k Y a&muf a omowd j zpf \ / ty r m'tqif h o d k Y a &muf a om owd u d k xlaxmif rdNyDqdkvQif tmHkrsm;udk jrifwdkif; od M um;wd k i f ; od j zpf v m\/ tmk H w pf c k E S i h f wpf c k t Mum; tjywf t vyf r &S d a tmif tarh t aysmuf r&S d a tmif od v m\/ xd k u J h o d k Y od v mvQif tmk H w pf c k E S i f h w pf c k tMum; ud a vomMum;rcd k E d k i f a wmh / xd k t cg orm"d u d k &\/ orm"d u d k &vQif k y f e mrf u d k jrif E d k i f a om Pf u d k & \/ xdkPfjzihf kyfemrfudk jrifvm\/ xdkYaemuf k y f e mrf w d k Y \ jzpf y suf u d k jrif v m\/ jzpf y suf u d k j rif z ef r sm;vmaom tcg jzpf y suf NiD ; aiG U \/ xd k Y a emuf jzpf y suf wwf a om k y f e mrf wyf r uf j cif ; uif ; \/ oabmud k y if Pf p Of t usOf ; t& tm;jzih ygVd a 0g[m& t m;jzih f , xmbl w Pf ed A d ' gPf ? 0d & m* Pf [l ac:\/ avmuk 0d & m*Pf j zpf v Qif av muk w & mpd w f u d k xm;Ed k i f N yD j zpf \ / avmuk w & m pd w f u d k

xm;Ed k i f v Qif ed A m ef c srf ; omud k &ayNyD / trSeftm;jzihf edAmefcsrf;om[lonf um; olwpfyg;uay;Edkifaom csrf;omr[kwf/ rdrd\pdwfuay;Edkifaom csrf;omjzpf\/ rdrd\ pdwfu ay;jcif;[lonfrSm rSefuefaom 0dy em usihfpOfjzihfusihfjcif;jzpf\/ ,ck aoma&,s rax&fonf rSefuefaom 0dyemusihfpOfjzihf usihfaomaMumihf avmukw&mpdwfudk xm;Edkif NyD; y#dord'gav;yg;ESifhwuG t&[wzdkvfudk rsufarSmufjyKNyD;avNyD/ &[EmjzpfoGm;avNyD/ &[EmjzpfoGm;avNyD;aom yk*dKvf ]]ig}} [l tpGJtvrf;r&Sdawmh/ ]]ig}} [l tpGJ tvef;r&SdawmhvQif tb,frnfaom cspfp&m ighom; ighorD;[l &Sdavawmhrnfenf;/ odkY&m wGif jrwfpmbk&m;onf avmutay: tEdi;f G I rJh arwm&Sif ukPm&SifjzpfouJhodkY jrwfpGm bk & m;\ om;awmf p pf j zpf a wmf r l M uaom t&d,molawmfpifrsm;onfvnf; avmutay: arw m ppf j zih f cspf M uonf y if j zpf M u\/ ukPmppfjzihf MuifemMuonfyifjzpfMu\/ xdkYaMumihf t&[wzdkvfudk &NyD;aomtcg]]ihgtwGuf vkyp&m[lorQukd tukef f vkyfNyD;NyD/ aemufxyf ihgtwGuf[l vkyfp&m bmrQr&Sdawmh}} [l yd#uwfawmfrsm; azmfjyxm; jcif;jzpfyg\/ trSeftm;jzihf &[Emt&Sifjrwf rsm;onf rdrdwdkY y&dedAmefrjyKao;oa&GU umv ywfvHk; vIyf&Sm;aeMujcif;rSm olwdkYtwGuf r[kw/ avmutwGuomjzpfyg\/ xdaMumihf f f Yk jrwfpGmbk&m;ESihf &[Emrsm; avmuudkcspfjcif; rSm olwdkYtwGufr[kwf? avmutwGufjzpf\/ avmuudk Muifemjcif;rSm olwdkYtwGufr[kwf? avmutwGufjzpf\/ tvkyfvkyfjcif;rSmvnf; olwdkYtwGuf r[kwf? avmutwGuf jzpf\/ touf&iaejcif;rSmvnf; olwtwGuf r[kw?f S f Ykd avmutwGujf zpf\/ xdaMumihf xdarwmrSom Yk k wu,hfarwmjzpf\/ xdkukPmrSom wu,hf ukPmjzpf\/ onf r S m *gxma'oemawmf \ qdkvdk&if;udk tusOf;rQazmfjyjcif;jzpfyg\/ *gxma'oemawmf o nf w&m;emy&d o wf twGuf tusdK;&Sdaom a'oemawmfjzpfav\/ OD;a&Tatmif

THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

18

"r0D&onf rsKd;quftwGuf jzpfonf/

qualities. 'Dt*Fg(7)yg;uawmh-

aemuf a usmzk H ; rS toHk;tEIef;awGrSm t*FvdyfawG ajymqdkMudk;u

(IDM)= Friend in need; is a friend in deed.

(1)
1.

oDv- udk,fusihfoDv&Sdjcif;/
Sila= observance of moral precepts.

(Oypm)= ta&;BuHKwJhtcg tm;udk;&rS rdwfaqGvdkYqdkEkdifr,f/ rdwf&JUaemufuae qufvdkufvmwJh ]aqG} &JU yk'f&if;teufudk 'Dae&mrSm odzvvmovd?k tvm;wl Friend yk'&UJ qihym;teufawGukd Ykd kd f f G vJ odzvr,fvxifygw,f/ 'grSajymcsiwhJ ]rdwaumif; rdwjf rwf} qdwhJ Ykd kd Ykd f f k yk'fudk ydkNyD;xifom jrifomodomvmrSmjzpfygw,f/ jrefrmpum; ]rdwf} qdkwm&JU yk'f&if;teuf t"dyg,fu taqG cifye;f ? oihjf rwfwhJ twGtzuf&,fvYkd xGuygw,f/ aemufqufuyfvm G J f wJh emrfyk'f ]aqG} qdkwmu cifrifol? &if;ESD;ol&,fvdkY t"dyg,f&ygw,f/ 'gaMumihf ]rdwaqG} qdwpum;&JUteufu cifrif&if;ES;D wJtwGtzuf&,f f k hJ h J vdkY ajym&if &Ekdifr,fxifygw,f/ tvm;wl t*Fvya0g[m& Friend yk'&if;&JU qifym;teufawG d f f h G uvJyJ? Chum; (chummy) tcspfqHk;twGJ/ rdwfaqG/ Companion; t&if;ES;D qH;k tazmf/ Comarde; &Jabmf&buf/ Confidant; vl,rwaqG? J kH d f aemuf Crony vd k Y a c:wJ h taygif ; toif ; ? a&mif ; &if ; pwmawG jzpfygw,f/ 'DtoH;k tEIe;f a0g[m&pum;vH;k awGukd vGecwEpaygif; 2500 f hJ hJ S f ausmf u mvu t&S i f t meE m ar;vd k Y jrwf p G m bk & m;ud k , f a wmf w d k i f &Si;f jyawmfrwpum;awGxrm oH;k EIe;f ajymqdawmfrcygw,f/ okwey# l hJ J S k l hJ f d uwf? r[m0*oH,kwf? r*oH,kwf? OyokwfrSm awGUjrifrSwfom; &ygw,f/ ]]bkef;awmfBuD;awmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;}} rdwfaqGaumif;&Sd onf\ tjzpf/ ]taygif;toif;aumif;} &Sonf\tjzpf/ rdwaqGaumif; d f wdkY udkif;dIif;onf\tjzpfonf ]tusihfjrwf} udk tvHk;pHkyifNyD;apEkdifyg \t&Sifjrwfbk&m;}} t&SiftmeEmrax&fjrwfu tJ'DvdkavQmufxm;vdkufygw,f/ ]]tmeEm odrqdvih?f tmeEm odrqdvih?f tmeEm ]]rdwf Yk k Yk k aqGaumif;}} &Sonf\tjzpf/ ]]taygif;toif;aumif;}} &Sonf\ tjzpf? d d rdwaqGaumif;wd udi;f di;f onf\tjzpfonf ]tusijhf rwf} udk tvH;k pHk f Yk k I NyD;apEkdif\}} jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu 'Dvdk tyGifhtvif;rdefYqdkawmfrlcJhygw,f/ 'DurmavmuBuD;xJrSm tqihftwef;jrihf vlY0ef;usif (environment of the higher human society) eJY rdwfaqGaumif; (Good friend) rsm;&&SdEdkifzdkYqdkwm tvGefYudk ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ tqihwef;jrihf vl0ef;usieYJ rdwaqGaumif;wd[m avmuoH f Y f f Yk o&mESpfjzmaom aumif;usKd;w&m;awGudk wdk;yGm;atmif aqmif&GufEdkif Muygw,f/ ypuvlYabmif vlYavmu tusKd;pD;yGm;awGupvdkY avmukw &mqdkwJh avmurS xGufajrmuf&m xGufajrmufaMumif;jzpfwJh r*fw&m; zdkvfw&m;? edAmefw&m; tusKd;tpD;tyGm;awGtwGufudkyg aus;Zl;jyKMu w,f/ BuD;rm;wJh taxmuftulawGvJ jyKay;EkdifMuw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm rdwfaumif;qdkwmu jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif udk,fawmf wdkifu ynwfowfrSwfay;awmfrlcJhwJh uvsmPrdw (kalyan.amitta= noble friend) ukdajymwm/ uvsmPrdwqdkwmu oyK&d ovdkYac:wJh rdwfaqGaumif;rdwfaqGjrwfjzpfw,f/ tJ'DuvsmPrdwqdkwJh Noble friend rSm jrihfjrwfwJh t*Fg&yf aygif; (7)csuf&Sd&ygw,f/ The friend who possesses the (7) noble

(2)
2.

orm"d=NidrfoufwnfMunfjcif;/
Samadhi= equanimity.

(3)
3.

ynm-k ynm yf? emrf? y#dporkyg'fwdkYudk odjcif;/

~~Panna- knowledge of the law of dependent origination and the nature of mind and matter.

(4)
4.

ge= "r'ge opmav;yg;? bm0emw&m;wdkYudk a[mMum;Ekdifjcif;

Dhammadana - ability to expound on the doctrinal concepts.

(5)
5.

ay,s0gpm-vduemzG,aompum;wdukd qdwwfajymwwfjcif; ay,s0gpm k f f Yk k

- Peyyavaca-ability to give good counsel.

(6)
6.

mtwp&d,m olwpfyg;aumif;usKd;udk usihfoHk;aqmif&GufEkdif jcif;/

At.thacariya- altruistic propensity. .

(7)
7.

m= d S fh l D d ormewwm rdrEiwnaom tusK;d w&m;udjk zpfapEkijf cif;/

Samanatthata- treating someone as oneself. tJ'DuvsmPrdwqdkwJh oyK&dovdkYac:MuwJh Noble friend

qdkwm wdkYjrwfpGmbk&m;u ]y@dw} ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;vdkYvJ ac:qdk ynwfawmfrlygw,f/ ]]Oabmok taw o k ? P*wd , m/ y@wd *p w D w d ? y@d a wm...}} ypKyefb0tusKd;pD;yGm;? aemifoHo&mb0 tusKd;pD;yGm;? avmuoHo&mESpfjzmaom aumif;usKd;w&m;wdkYudk PfynmeJYjzpfap wwfwhJ yk*Kd vrsK;d udk ynm&Soawmfaumif; ygVdvu y@dwvdac:qdwm f d l kd Yk k jzpfygw,f/ ]]*rD & Xmaeok ? y@wd ? *p w D w d y@m/ o m wmy@m? {aw oE d y@d w m...}} eufeJcufcJwJh t&mXmeawGrSm odwwfjrwfwwf BuHpnf vkyfaqmifwwfwJh Pfynm&SdolrsKd;udkom ]y@dw} vdkYac:wmyg/ 'Dyk*dKvfrsKd;awG[m vlcspfvlcifrsm;jcif;? *kPfowif;ausmfapm jcif;? ab;&efroef;at;csrf;jcif;? y&dowftv,frSm wifhw,f&J&ihfjcif;? MoZmtmPmt&Sdeft0gBuD;jcif;tp&SdwJh ]],ckvuf&Sdb0twGuf tusKd; pD;yGm;}}udvJ &,lwwf? odwwf? jrifwwf? azmfaqmifwwfwtjyif aemif k hJ oHo&mrSm ok*wdqdkwJh aumif;jrwfwJh bHkb0wdkYrS okc&dyfNidrf pnf;pdrf csrf;omawGudkvJ cHpm; pHpm;&jcif;pwJh tusKd;pD;yGm;awGudkvJ &,lwwf? odwwf? jrifwwf? azmfaqmifwwfMuygw,f/ 'gaMumihf ygPmwdygw olYtowfowfjcif;rSa&SmifMuOfrItp &SwhJ ukovuryxw&m;(10)yg;qdwhJ 'kpdu(10)yg;wdrS a&SmifMuOf d k k f Yk jzpfaom y#doaEtusKd;ay;aMumif; ukodkvfuH (10)yg; (kusala
kammapatha-abstinence of ten immoral acts which have the result of benign consequences at rebirth; ie)

tJ'uovuryxvdac:qdwhJ ukovutxajrmufaMumif; D k Yk k kd f H w&m;(10)yg;qdkwmawGu(1) ygPmwd y gwm a0&rPd - ol Y t owf u d k owf j cif ; rS a&SmifMuOf jcif;/
1. - - -Panatipata veramani- abstinence from killing. .

(2)
2.

a0&rPd t'dEm'gem a0&rP - olYOpmcdk;,ljcif;rSa&SmifMuOfjcif;/

- - Addinadana veramani-abstaining from taking what is . not given.

THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE
"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ (3)

19

pm&ma0&rPd umarok r d p m pm&ma0&rP - ol w pf y g;om;r,m;ud k jynhfpHkwJh yk*dKvfrsKd;udk ynm&Sdolawmfaumif; ]y@dw} vdkY ac:qdkMuwm jzpfygw,f/ usL;vGefjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;(um,uHqdkif&moHk;yg;) -mesumicchacara veramani-abstinence from sexual- EIwfrIynm? vufrIynm? b,ftwwfynmrsKd;udkrS rwwfay 3. Ka . misconduct r,fhvdkY raumif;rItukodkvf 'kpdkufawGudk a&SmifMuOfNyD;awmh aumif;rI (4) a0&rPd rkom0g'g a0&rP- vdrfvnfajymqdkjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ ukokdvf okpdkufawGudk jyKrlaqmif&GufaewJh yk*dKvfrsKd;udk;} vlvdrfrm - - 4. Musavada veramani-abstinence from falsehood. ynm&S}d vdac:ygw,f/ bmaMumihvqawmh ukovpwjf zpfwi;f jzpfwi;f Yk f J kd kd f d kd kd ydokP0gpm a0&rPd- ukef;wdkufjcif;rSa&SmifMuOfjcif;/ (5) olY&JUtwGif;tZwoEmefrSm trsm;tm;jzihf ynm(Pf),SOfwGJygvm - 5. Pisunavaca veramani- abstinence from committing slan . wwfwJhtwGufaMumifhyJjzpfygw,f/ der. 'gudkMunhf&if wwfrIqdkwmxuf usihfrIqdkwJh tusihfw&m;u (6) a0&rPd zk o 0gpm a0&rP - Murf ; wrf ; ,k w f r maom pum;ud k om vdk&if;y"mejzpfw,fqdkwmxif&Sm;vmygw,f/ ynmwwfwmu ajymqdk jcif;rSa&SmifMuOfjcif;/ -ca veramani- abstinence from using abusive wjcm; ynm&Sdwmuwjcm; jzpfw,fqdkwm xif&Sm;vmygw,f/ 6. Pharusava . tckajymvmcJhorQ pum;awGudk NcHKiHkndEdIif;NyD; pOf;pm;a0zef language. (7) a0&rPd f k J d or y v my0gpm a0&rP - tES p f u if ; od r f z sif ; aom ygu yk*Kd vtwef;tpm;(4)rsK;d (4)pm;uGjJ ym;vmwmudvawGUEkiMf urSmjzpf pum;udk ajymqdkjcif;rSa&SmifMuOfjcif;/ (0pDuHqdkif&mav;yg;) ygw,f/ - 7. Samphappalapavaca veramani-abstinence from indulg yk * d K vf t wef ; tpm;(4)rsKd ; . ing in inanities. 1/ ynmvnf;rwwf? raumif;rIukdvnf;jyKol= ynmrJhvlrdkuf/ tebdZm a0&mrPd -olwpfyg;Opmudk rdrdOpmjzpfvdkrIjzihf 2/ (8) ynmwwfayr,fh raumif;rIjyKaeol=ynmwwfvlrdkuf/ rBuHpnfjcif;/ 3/ ynmrwwfayr,fh aumif;rIudkjyKaeol=ynmrJhvlvdrfrm/ 8. Anabhijjha veramani-abstaining from being covetuous. . 4/ ynmvJwwf aumif;rIvJjyKaeol= ynmwwfvlvdrfrm/ (9) a0&mrPd tAsmyg' a0&mrP-olwpfyg;ysufjym;ap&ef rBuHpnfjcif;/ 'Dvdk yk*dKvftwef;tpm;(4)rsKd;jzpfvmygw,f/ tJ'DtxJu - - 9. Avyapada veramani-abstinence from harbouring ill-will . aemuf q H k ; jzpf w J h ynmwwf v l v d r f r m ynm&S d [ m? taumif ; qH k ; against others. (10) orm'd|d- uH? uH\tusKd;udk ,HkMunfjcif;? (raemuHqkdif&m txufwef;tusqHk; tqihftjrihfqHk; higher human society xJu good friend vdkYac:wJh uvsmPrdwoyK&do rdwfaqGaumif; rdwfaqG oHk;yg;) aygif;(10)yg;&Sd\/ 10. Samadit.t.hi- abstaining from entertaining wrong views, jrwf Noble friend jzpfygw,f/ tJ'vwpfzufrm rdwaqGaumif; rdwaqGjrwf Noble friend D kd S f f and realizing that a person is heir to his karma ie volitional activities from the post or in the present; Kammassakatasammadit thi. &Sw,fq&if tjcm;wpfzufrmvJ qefusibuf oabmt& rdwaqGq; .. d kd S Y f f kd 'gYtjyif? aumif;jrwfwhJ tBuukd BujH cif;? aumif;jrwfwhJ pum; Bad friend vJ&SdrSm "rwmygyJ/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u 'DrdwfaqGqdk;udk vlrdkuf H udkajymqdkjcif;? aumif;jrwfwJh tvkyfudkvkyfjcif;qdkwJh 'DtBuHtpnf? (Amv)vdkYac:qdkawmfrlygw,f/\ tajymtqdk tjyKtrl oH;k yg;wd[m vlvrrmynm&Sd olawmfaumif;&,f tao0ep AmveH- vlrdkufudk raygif;oif;eJY/ Yk d f vdkY odp&m trSwfvuPmrsm;yJjzpfygw,fvdkY qdkawmfrlwJh jrwfpGmbk&m; Not to associate with foolish. &Sif&JU rdefYMum;csufrsm;udkvJ ynm&Sdrsm;u xyfqihfvdkY Tefjyxm;ygw,f/ y@dwmeao0em- ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;eJYaygif;oif;yg/ jrwfpGmbk&m; yapuAk'g? toDwdr[mom0u t*om0up To associate with wises. wJh jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU wynhfom0ut&SifjrwfawG? okaew? r[ma*g0dE? ylZmpylZae,smeH -ylaZmfoifh ylaZmfxkdufoludk ylaZmfyg/ 0d"k&? o&b*F? ra[mo"/ okwaomr? edrdrif;? ta,mC&ukrm&? To honour those worthy of honour. tudwdy@dwtp&SdwJh yk*dKvfawGudkvJ xkwfazmfjyxm;ygw,f/ vdYk jrwfpmbk&m;ud,awmfwif rdeawmfrygw,f/ G k f kd Yf l 'Dyk*dKvfawG[m ab;&efjzpfwJhtcgrSm tapmihfta&SmufawGeJY 'Dae&mrSm ]]Amvmao0e}} rvdrmol vlrueraygif;oif;&vdYk dk f YJ vJwlygw,f/ trdkufarSmifxJu qDrD;wefaqmif tvif;a&mifeJYvJwlyg qdkwJh pum;t& vlrdkufvdkYqdkxdkufwJholudk pdppfazmfxkwfMunhfzdkYvdkr,f w,f/ qmavmifrwoyjf cif;pwJh qif;&J'uEypufc&wJtcgrSm xrif; xifygw,f/ G f d k dS f H h azsm&nfpwJh tpmtm[m&awG&wmeJvwygw,f/ rdr&UJ pum;udvuf f Y J l d k kd vlruokyukd cGjJ y&r,fq&if? Ak'bmomomoeme,fy,fu kd f f kd emMuwJhvlawG&JU ab;&efOy'a0gtukefvHk;udkvJ zsufqD;EkdifMuygw,f/ jy|mef;ynwfxm;wJh yk*dKvfqdkif&m twef;tpm;uGJjym;csufrSm? t&d,m tJ'Dt|uxmq&mawG&JU pum;eJY jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif&JU pum; r[kwfao;wJh omrmefyk*dKvfudk ykxkZe (ykxkZOf) Puthujjana &,fvdkY awmfwdkYudk aygif;kef;NyD;aumufcsufcsvdkufwJhtcg? um,okpdkufoHk;yg; owfrwxm;wm&Sygw,f/ tJ'yxZOfxrmvJyJ wpfcg? (u) tEyxZOf S f d D k k J S k k qdwhJ um,uHo;kH yg;? 0pDopduqwhJ 0pDuav;yg;? raemokpduqwhJ Andha- putthujjana qd k w meJ Y (c) uvsmPyk x k Z Of Kalyanak k k f kd H k f kd raemuHoHk;yg;? aygif; okpdkufw&m;(10)yg;wdkY[m ok*wdb0odkY a&muf putthujjana &,fvdkY cGJjcm;xm; jyefygw,f/ aMumif ; vrf ; aumif ; ozG , f j zpf w J h t wG u f ]uk o vur y xw&m;} tJ'Dvdk ykxkZOfESpfrsdK;cGJjcm;&mrSm? jznhfqnf;tyfaom yg&rD vdkYac:ygw,f/ aumif;jrwfrSefuefwJh trltusihfrsm;jzpfwJhtwGufvJyJ "mwfcHryg&Sdojzihf kyf? emrf "robm0trSefudk rodem;rvnfyJ? yk*dKvf ]okpdkufw&m;} vdkYvJac:ygw,f/ ow0g[laom od;kd odpOfxufrausmveoukd tEyxZOf vlrdkufvlt f G f l k k 'Dokpdkufw&m;(10)yg;jzpfwJh ukovuryxw&m;(10)yg;eJY pmrsuf E S m 23 ok d Y

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

20

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

v,fwDq&ma

The Ledi Dham

D d v,fweAmefw

a&;om;jyKp

MAHA THERA L
(edAme'DyeD)
(,cif t ywf r S t quf )

(Nibbana Di pan

k f a0'emoH , k w f v mt"d y m ,f / / oVm,we oH,wygVdawmf a0'emoH,kwfvmaomaom a0'em y&dnm,? "da|"ar temoa0g/ um, ab'g "ra|m? ocs aemaywd a0'*l/ / [laom *gxmvnf; ]]ocs aemaywd}} yk't&udk ]]twyavwd f H e Oaywd ocs}} yk'ftwdkif;odav/ / xdk*gxmaom? xdka0'em ur|mef;udk tm;xkwfaom yk*dKvfonf/ a0'em? 3 yg;aom a0'emwdu/ y&dnm,? tyditEkio/ "da|"ar? Yk kd k f d f d rsufarSmufb0/ temoa0g? tmoa0guif;aom &[Emyk*dKvfonf/ a[mwd? jzpfEdkif\/ um,? udk,fcEm\/ ab'g? pkwdurZkyf csKyf onfr/ y&H? aemuf/ "ra|m? edAmef wnfaom/ aom a0'*l? xd&[Em S k yk*dKvfonf/ ocs? ac:a0:p&m wpfpHkwpf&mtjzpfodkY/ aemaywd ra&muf/ (um; teuf/) ]]"ra|mwd taou"arok? edAmae {0 0gXdawm}} [k t|uxmzGihf\/ "ra|m? taouw&m;wdkYwnfaom/ / 0g? edAmefwnfaom/ / (2- teuf/) taou " r / / taou"rqdkonfum;- t&[wzdkvfay wnf;/ t&[wzdkvf wnfaom[k qdkvdkonf/ t&[wzdkvf wnfrI onf udk,fcEmysufonfrS aemufwnfonfr[kwf? rysufrDuyif wnfayonf/ xdkYaMumihf ]]um,? udk,fcEm\/ ab'g? pkwdurZkyf csKyfonfrS/ y&H? aemuf/ ocs? ac:a0:p&m wpfpHkwpf&mtjzpfodkY/ aemaywd? ra&muf}} [k pyf ,l&rnf/ "ra|m? yk'f? a0'*l? yk'fwdkYum; y&dedAmef rpHrD&Sdaom *kPfwdkY jzihf csD;rGrf;aom yk'fwdkYomwnf;/ "ra|m? edAmefwnfaom [laom teufrSmrlum; ]]um,? udk,fcEm\? ab'g? pkwdurZkyfcsKyfonf rS? y&H? aemuf/ "ra|m? tEkyg'daoo edAmefwnfaeaom}} [lvnf; pyfEdkifyg\/ edAmefwnfaom [l&mrSmvnf; cEmcsKyfNidrf;jcif;trIwnf aom[k qdonfEifh twlwyif/ cEmcsKyNf ir;f jcif;trI wnfonfqonf k S l d kd um; aysmufNidrf;NyD;aom tcsdKUaomtema&m*gonf wpfzefvSef wpfzefNrHK ay:vmjyefouJhodkY edAmeftaetm;jzihf csKyfNidrf;NyD;aom

(Continue from last week) - . The meaning from vedanasamyutta . - . Also in vednasamyutta of salayatana samyutta pali: . ~~- prinnaya, ditthe dhamme anasavo, ''so vedana .. kayassa bheda dhammattho, .. . . sankhyam nopeti vedagu." . . the word ''sankhyam nopeti" should be understood as . . attham paleti na upeti sankhyam." In that verse: so =The person who contemplates the vedana meditation, ~~vedana prinnaya =discerns the three sensations and ditthe dhamme =in the present life .. anasavo hoti =can become an arahat who is free from asavafluxions. kayassa bheda param =After the cessation of kammajarupa, cuti-death, dhammattho so vedagu =that arahat who has already attained .. to nibbana . . sankhyam nopeti =does not come to be reckoned as anything. [Meaning] It is commented in the commentary thus: ''dhammat t hoti asekkhandhammesu, nibbane, eva va .. thito." . dhammattho =established in asekkha dhamma, .. va =or established in nibbana. [Two meanings] Asekkhadhamma means the furition of arahatta, i.e., established in the arahata phala. Established in the arahatta phala is not established after the dissolution of the body; it is established even before the dissolution of the body. Therefore it should be . said: "kayassa bheda parlm=after the cessation of the cuti. . kammajarupa, death: sankyam nopeti=does not come to be reckoned as anything." The terms ''dhammattho, vedagu" are used only to re.. vere the qualities of the arahat before parinibbana. Where as ''dhammattho=established in nibbana" means .. . -yassa bheda param=after the cessation of cutikammajarupa, "ka

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

"r0D&onf ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;twGuf jzpfonf/

21

awmfbk&m;BuD;

usrf;jyKtausmf urmausmf

w&m;awmfrsm;

awmf pawmfrlaom

ma on Nibba na
i = The Manual of Nibbana)
cEm okc? cEmtem? cEma&m*gwdkYonf wpfzefvSef wpfzefNrHK ay:vm onf[k r&SMd uukeNf y?D tNrxm0&edp"0tm;jzihf csKyNf ir;f rItwdi;f J l d k ukefqHk;rI twkdif;twm wnfavukefawmhonf/ xdkyk*dKvfonfvnf; cE m wd k Y \ csKyf N id r f ; uk e f q H k ; rI qd k u f w nf a vawmh o nf / xdkcsKyfNidrf;ukefqHk;rIrS wpfzef jyefvmonf[k r&SdNyDqdkvdkonf/ (um; a0'emoH,kwfvm t"dym,fwnf;/) wGifa&GUum; ed&PedAmefodkY qdkufa&mufyHkNyD;\/ ,cktcg edAmef\ csrf;omyHkudk a[mawmfrlaom ygVdrsm;\ t"dym,fudk twefi,f jyvkdufOD;tHh]]ydar tmeE umr*kPm? uwar y? puK0dan,sm lyg}} tp&Sdonfjzihf a0'emoH,kwfygVdawmf &a[m*w0*f e0r okwf vm\/ csrf ; om 10 yg;/ / 1/ umr*kPfcsrf;om (1) yg;/ 2/ yxrpsmefcsrf;om (1) yg;/ 3/ 'kwd,psmefcsrf;om (1) yg;/ 4/ wwd,psmefcsrf;om (1) yg;/ 5/ pwkwpsmefcsrf;om (1) yg;/ 6/ tmumomem ,wepsmefcsrf;om (1)yg;/ 7/ 0dnmPm,wepsmefcsrf;om (1) yg;/ 8/ tmudnm,wepsmefcsrf;om (1) yg;/ 9/ ae0onmemonmwepsmefcsr;f om (1) yg;/ 10/ eda&m"ormywfpsmefcsrf;om (1) yg;/ umr*k P f c srf ; om/ / umr*kPfcsrf;omqdkonfum; vlYjynf olaX;? ol<u,f? ya'o&mZfrif;? {u&mZfrif;? pMumrEwfrif;? ewfjynfajcmuf xyf ewfrif;? odMum;rif;wd\ csr;f omudqownf;/ umr*kPcsr;f Yk k dk f omonf t,kwnq;kH aywnf;/ xdumr*kPcsr;f omxuf awmcsKH twGi;f f hH k f yxrpsmefudk0ifpm;aeaom &[ef;\csrf;omonf tbduEw& jzpf\/ yPDww&jzpf\/ (tbduEw&H? tvGefESpfoufzG,fjzpf\/ yPDww&H? tvGerejf rwf\[k teufay;/) (txufuvnf; enf;jzihf f G kd tpOftwkdif;qdkav/)
death; dhammattho=established in anupadisesa nibbana" thus it .. can also be said. Established in that nibbana, too, means the same as established in the cessation of khandha, Established in the ces- means this. Just as some diseases which have sation of khandha already been cured become no more immune and reappear. Just so, Khandha dukkha, khandha-wound, khandha-diseases which have already ceased forever in nibbana become immune and never reappear. The cessation exit forever as it is in the complete cessation. That person, too, comes to that cessation. There is no such thing that he will return from that cessation. That is what is meant. . [This is the meaning from vedana-samyutta.] Here ends the attainment of nissarananibbana. . Now, the meaning from the pali texts that show how . -na is will be produced a little. happy nibba ~ ~ ''pancime ananda kamaguna, katame panca, cakku . ~~ - rupa " etc., comes from vedanasamyutta pal i - - . vin n eyya . rahogatavagga, navama sutta. Ten kinds of happiness 1. sensual lust happiness. st 2. 1 jhana happiness, 3. 2nd jhana happiness, rd 4. 3 jhana happiness, 5. 4th jhana happiness, -kasanancayatana jhana happiness, - - ~ 6. a ~~ 7. vinnanancayatana jhana happiness, ~~ -kincannayatana jhana happiness, 8. a ~~ - ~~ 9. nevasannasannayatana jhana happiness, -patti happiness, 10.nirodhasama Sensual lust happiness means, in human abode, the wealth of a banker, arich man, the ruler, the sole ruler, Kind cakkavatti; in the six deva abodes, the wealth of king of devas, sakkas. This sensual lust happiness is the lowest. The happiness of a bhikkhu who is establishing first jhana in the bush is much, more pleasant, much more noble than that sensual lust

by

LEDI SAYADAW

edAmef\csrf;omyHk

How happy nibbana

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

22

"r0D&onf oEdokcodkY a&S;Ionf/

happiness. [abhikkantataram= much more pleasant; pan1 . tataram=much more noble] [The remaining happiness should also be stated serially in the same way.] Paramaditthadhamma nibbana When mind, mental factors and mind made form cease all together and living only with kammaborn rupa, weatherborn rupa and nutritivebon rupa is called -patti happiness. That nirodhasamapatti happithe nirodhasama ness is ''paramaditthadhamma nibbana." At the end of the religious discourse on the happiness of nirodha-samapatti, the Buddha said: . .. ~~ -nam kho panetam ananda vijjati, ayam annatitthiya tha . . ~ ~. -jaka evam vadeyyum, sannavedayita nirodham paribba . ~~ -ha, tanca sukhasamim pann apeti samano gotamo a . . . . . panitataram , tayidam katham suti, evam va dino . - - ~~ annatiptthiya paribbajaka evamassuvacan1ya ''na kho a - sukhan n eva vedanam sandhaya ~~ vuso bhagava . ~~ . sukhasamim pannapeti, yattha yattha avuso sukham . . . . . upalabbhati, yahim yahim sukham, tam tam tathagato . ~~ sukhasamim pannapeti" ti. Meaning. The paribbajaka, the asectics from outside -sana, said: "Samana Gotama has expounded the the Buddha sa nirodha samapatti, the cessation of mind and mental factors, citta cetasika. That nirodha samapatti is also called the very noble happienss. How is that? If there are no mind and mental factors, citta cetasika, how can the pleasure be felt? It the pleasure cannot be felt how can it be happiness?" "You should tell them that our Lord Buddha has called not only pleasant feeling as happiness; when happiness is obtained from a certain dhamma, He also calls that dhamma the happiness. Thus you should say." That is the meaning. In the text the Buddha said that the enjoyment is the lower happiness; it is not the noble happiness. The cessation appeasement of the internal, unstable dhamma, not subtle, moveable and coarse dhamma is indeed the noblest peace, the perfect happiness. The meaning from navanipata Anguttara pali . Also from the navanipata anguttara pali text there comes as follows. Once the Ven. Sariputta said to the bhikkhus: . . "sukhamidam avuso nibbanam=My brothren, Happi-na." ness is indeed this nibba . Then the Ven. Mahakotthika said: "kimpanettha avuso .. . . sariputta sukham, yadettha vedayitam natthi=My brothren Sa -na there is no enjoyment feeling; in this nibbana riputta, in nibba where there is no enjoyment feeling how can there be happiness?" . Then the Ven. Sariputta said; ''etadevatthavuso sukham, . yadettha natthi vedayitam=My brothren Kotthika, in this nibba na there is no enjoyment feeling; only that non-enjoyment feeling in nibbana is the happiness." Reasons for happiness Then how nibbana is happiness has been expounded. There is happiness of kama sensual lust which is enjoyment together with greed. That happiness of sensual lust can severely oppress the person who develops the first jhana. (To Be continue)
-

y&r'd | "r e d A m ef / / pdwf? apwoduf? pdwZkyf tukefcsKyf urZky?f OwkZky?f tm[m&Zkyf oufoufEihf aeonfukd eda&m"orm S ywd csrf;omqdkonf/ xdkeda&m"ormywdcsrf;omonf ]]y&r'd|"r edAmef}} rnf\/ eda&m"ormywd csrf;omudk a[mawmfrlonf\tqHk;XmeH acg yaewH tmeE 0dZwH? ,H tnwdwd,m y&dAm Zum {0H 0a',sKH ? onma0',dw eda&m"H oraPm a*gwarm tm[? w okcod Hynaywd yPDww&H? w,d'H uxHok w,d'H uxHolwd? {0H0g'daem tnwdw,m y&dAmZum {0Hrk0peD,m ]eacg tm0kaom d b*0g okcan0 a0'eH oEm, okcod H ynaywd? ,w yw tm0kaom okcH OyvAwd? ,wd H,[d okcH? wH wH wxm*awm okcod H ynaywD} wd/ odkYa[mawmfrl\/ t"d y m ,f u m;/ / pdwf apwodufwdkY\ csKyfjcif;wnf;[l aom eda&m"ormywfudk &Sifa*gwronf a[m\/ xdk eda&m"ormywf udvnf; tvGerejf rwfaom csr;f omynwf\/ xdtrIonf tb,foYkd k f G k enf;? pdwf apwodufr&Sdu rcHpm;Edkif? rcHpm;Edkifu tb,frSm csrf;om [kwfawmhtHhenf; [k omoemrStyjzpfaom wdwdy&dAdkZfwdkYonf qdkMu ukef&m\/ xdk wdwdy&dAdkZfwdkYudk odkYqdktyfukef\/ igwdkYjrwfpGmbk&m; onf cHpm;jcif;&Saom okca0'emudom csr;f om[l ynwfonfr[kw?f d k tMuif tMuifw&m; csrf;omudk&\/ xdkxdkw&m;udkvnf; csrf;omokc [l ynwfawmfrl\/ odkY qdktyfukef\ [lvdkonf/ ygVdawmfjzihf cHpm;rI? pHpm;rIonf ,kwfnHhaomcsrf;omjzpf \/ rGefjrwfaom csrf;omr[kwf? tZwoEmef rNidrfoufaomw&m; rodrarGUaomw&m; vIy&m;aomw&m; ke&if;aomw&m;wd\ uif;Nir;f f f S Yf Yk d jcif;onfom txGwftjrwf csrf;omtppfjzpf\[k jyawmfrlonf/ e0ed y gwf t *F k w d K &f v m t"d y m ,f / / e0edygwft*FkwdK&f ygVdawmfvnf; odkYvm\/ wpf&Ha&mtcg t&Sifom&dykw&monf &[ef;wdkYtm;okcrd'H tm0kaom edAmeH/ okcrd'H tm0kaom edAmeH/ [laom pum;udkqdkay\/ tm0kaom? igh&SifwdkY/ 'HedAmeH? edAmefonf/ okcH? csrf;om aypGwum;/ / (aemuf0gusvnf; enf;wlay;av/) xdktcg t&Sifr[maum|du rax&fonf t&Sifom&dykw&m tm;ud Hyaew tm0kaom om&dykw okcH? ,a'w a0',dwH ewd/ [laom pum;udkqdkav\/ tm0kaom om&dykw&? ihg&Sif om&dykw&m/ ,a'w- ,od H {wedAmae? tMuifedAmef/ a0',dwH? cHpm;rI pHpm;rIonf/ ewd? r&Sd/ {w? cHpm;rI? pHpm;rIr&Sdaom edAmef/ okcH? csrf;omrnfonf/ ud H ye? tb,frSm&SdtHhenf;/ / (um; teuf/) xdktcg t&Sifom&dykw&monf{wa'0wm0kaom okcH? ,a'w ewd a0',dwH- [l a[m awmfrl\/ tm0kaom aum|du? ihg&Sifaum|du/ {w? edAmef/ a0' ,dwH? cHpm;rI? pHpm;rIrnfonf/ ,H ewd? tMuifr&Sd/ {wa'0? xdkcHpm;rI? pHpm;rIr&Sjd cif;omvQi/ {w?H edAmef? okc?H csr;f omrIaywnf;/ (um; f teuf/) (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ? )

THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE
"r0D&onf Ak'\ax&0g' "rw&m;tppfxGef;um;&ef jzpfonf/ pmrsuf E S m 19 rS vlYtE vdkY ac:qdkowfrSwfygw,f/ yg&rD"mwfcH xufoefojzihf? yk*dKvfow0g[laom oddk;odpOf vrf;d;k uaeqefwufNy;D ? kyemrf"robm0udk qduatmif em;vnfo&dS f k f d oludk uvsmPykxkZOf vlvdrmynm&Sd &,fvdkY ac:dk;jyKMuw,f/ tJ'yxZOfEprsKd ;cGjJ cm;owfrwrt& ajym&r,fq&if jrwfpm D k k S f S f I kd G bk&m;omoemawmfBu;D eJY awGUBuKH qqnf;aeMu&ygvsu?f omoemawmf kH wGif;rSm odoifhodxdkufwJh kyfemrfw&m;wdkYudk obm0qdkufatmif em;rvnfEdkif rodEdkifwJholudk vlrdkufvdkY rSwfMu&rSmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'gtjyif? ]]Amvm"rm? y@dwm"rm}} vdkY a[mawmfrlwJh tbd"rma'oemtvdkt&? vljzpfap &[ef;jzpfap? rnfrQavmufyif t&nftcsif;jynhf0NyD;awmh okwpHkvifynm&Sifjzpfayrihf? udk,fusifh w&m; (tusihfjrwf) r&Sdygu y@dwvdkYrac:? rolawmfvlrdkufvdkYom ac:&rSmjzpfw,f/ 'gaMumihf ]]Amvm"rm}} vdqwhJ ygVdawmft& ud,usifh Yk kd k f w&m; r&Sdoludk ]]vlrdkuf}} vdkYac:wmrSwfyg/ ]]uxH0d'H yn0EH 0'Ed}} ]]b,f v d k v l u d k vl v d r m ynm&S d v d k Y ac:ygovJ . .}}vk d Y od M um;rif ; u ar;jref ; wJ h t cg tavmif ; awmf o&b*F & aoh u atmufygtwdkif; ajzqdkygw,f/ 1/ w&m;"reJY ywfoufwJhcufcJeufeJwJh tar;ykpmwdkYudk obm0use atmif ajzqdkEdkifjcif;/ 2/ rdrdtwGufvnf; tusdK;r&Sd? olwpfyg;twGufvJ tusdK;r&Sd wJh Murf;wrf;cufxefwJh udk,frIEIwfrIwdkYrS uif;&Sif;jcif;/ 3/ rdrdtusdK;? olwpfyg;tusdK;wdkYudk tcGihfqdkufwJhtcg aqmif &Gufjcif;/ tJ'Dt*Fg (3) yg;eJY jynhfpHkoludk ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;yk*dKvf jzpfygw,fvdkY pwmvDoedygwf? o&b*FZmwfawmfrSm azmfjyygw,f/ 'DZmwfrSm azmfjywJh t*Fg (3) yg;eJY,SOfwJh ynmt&nftcsif; uif;rJholudk ]]vlrkduf}} vdkY ac:w,f/ 'DZmwftvdkt& usihfrIrusihfrIxuf odrIrodrIudk tav;xm;NyD;? ]]vlrdkuf}} eJY ]]vlynm&Sd}} udk cGJjcm;jywm awGU&w,f/ 'ghtjyifvJ ]]'kpdEd wpdEDpa[mwd? 'kAmodwbmoDp 'ku# urum&Dp}} vdkYvJ? Amvy@dwokwf ygVdawmft&(1) 'kpdEdw-Duccintita - raumif;wJhtBuHudk BuHpnfjcif;/ (2) 'kbmodw-Dubhasita- rrSefwJhpum;udk ajymavh&Sdjcif;/ (3) 'kud&d,m- Dukkiriya- rw&m;wJhtrIudk jyKvkyfjcif;vdkY qdkwJh? AmvvuPmoHkyg;eJYNidpGef;oludk ]]vlrdkuf vdkY ac:ygw,f/ tJ'DAmvy@dwokwftvdkt&? udk,frI? EIwfrI? pdwfrIqdkwJh uH (3) rsdK;pvHk; vHkNcHKrI? rvHkNcHKrIudk tajccHxm;NyD; ]]vlrkduf}} eJY ]]vlynm&Sd}} udk cGJjcm;xm;wmawGU&ygw,f/ tckjyqdtyfwhJ usr;f *efvm taxmuftxm;rsm;t& ]]vlru}f } k kd jzpfxdkufolawGudk tusOf;tm;jzifh a&wGufjy&r,fqdk&if(1) tEykxkZOf- Andha-puthujjana - Pfrsufpduef;wJh twGuf kyfrSef;emrfrSef;rodol ]]vlrdkuf}} (2) 'kDv- Dussi la - udk,fusihfw&m;r&SdwJhtwGuf xif ovdk&rf;um;aeol ]]vlrdkuf}} (3) 'kyn- Duppaa -yifudk,fPfuif;rJhwJhtwGuf

23

t&nftcsif;csdKUwJhol ]]vlrkduf}} kd f f h (4) 'kre- Dummana- yifu,u pdw&if;raumif;wJtwGuf uHoHk;yg;pvHk; rvHkNcHKwJh ]]vlrdkuf}} tJ'Dvdk ]]Amvmao0e}} w&m;awmft& Amv ]]vlrdkuf}} jzpf xkdufolav;a,mufwdkYudkvJ awGU&Sd&ygw,f/ 'DtxJrSm wu,hf ]]vlrkduftppf}} qdkwmuvJ &Sdao;w,f/ txufrm jycJwhJ ]]vlru}f } awGxrm ESprsKd ;pDxyfuwmuvJ &Sao;w,f/ S h kd J S f JG d (1) udk,hf&JUrdkufrJrIudk udk,fudk,fwdkifu odwJhtm;avsmfpGm ]]ig vlrkdufygwum;}} vdkY pOf;pm;rdwJhvlrdkufuwpfrsdK;/
One who knows his foolishness. He is curable or corrigible.

(2) ud,u,wiu vlrujf zpfaeygvsuf ud,u,ukd ynm&Sd k f kd f kd f dk k hf kd f wpfa,mufjzpfaeyguvm;vdkYxifNyD;? tajcmufwdkufb0ifckdufaewJh vlrkdufuwpfrsdK;&,fvdkY vlrdkufESpfrsdK;&Sdvmjyefw,f/
One who thinks he is wise. He is incurable or incorrigible.

tJ'DvlrdkufESpfrsdK;teufu eHygwf (1) vlrdkufu t&Sdudkt&Sd twdi;f trSejf rifwojl zpfwtwGuf tarSmifxuae tvif;uda&mufvm k hJ hJ J k zd&m tvm;tvm&SwhJ vljzpfayrih?f eHygwf (2) trsKd ;tpm;vlruuawmh Yk d dk f jzihf tjrifrSefra&muf tajcmufwdkufb0ifcdkufNyD; aoG;BuD;aeoljzpfwJh twGufaMumifh? tvif;odkYa&mufzdkY&m arQmfvihfcsufr&SdawmhwJhtwGuf 'Dvlrkdufom vlrdkuftppfvdkY ac:qdk&rSmjzpfw,f/ t*Fvdyfbmompum;rSm Trait qdkwJhpum;wpfvHk;&Sdygw,f/ particular quality in your personality cifAsm;wdkY&JU Oy"dkyfoGifrSm xl;jcm;wJht&nftaoG;awGyg&SdvdkYaeygw,fvdkY 'Dpum;vHk;&JUteufudk ajymqdkMuw,f/ trait &JU wdkufdkufteuft"dym,fuawmh characteristic feature yifudk,fxl;jcm;wJh pdkufvuPm? Of=yifudk,fpdwfae oabmxm;? tavhtxvdkY jyefqdk&if &Edkifr,fxifygw,f/ tJ'D Trait qdkwJh vlyk*dKvfqdkif&m tusihfpdkuf personality tr aits t& pdppfMunhf&if The silly stupid perosn has fondness for hard work is a family trait. tJ'Dvlqdk;vlrdkufawG[m olwdkY&JU rdom;pk aexkdifrIb0u pwifcJhwJh cufxa&mfMurf;wrf;wJhtjzpfqdk;awGuae tajccHcJhMu&ygw,fvdkY ajymqdkEdkifygvdrhfr,f/ t*Fvdyfa0g[m&pum;t&? vlvdrmudk A person of good character vdkY ajymMuygw,f/ vlaumif;qdkwmudkawmh decent person vdkYqdkMuw,f/ vlqdk;vlrkdufusawmh ckeajymovdk? Silly stupid person vdkY ac:Ny;D awmh? vl,wrmudawmh Knave; wick person vdac:w,f/ vlq;kd k f k Yk Lawless person/ vlMurf;- villain / vl&rf;um;- rash and wayward person/ vl&Gwf- wilful person/ vl&Twf- wag/ vlvnf- slicher; astute person/ vlvdrf- cook; swindler/ vloGrf;- scoundrel/ vldk; vlt- noive/ vlYtE- ignoramus; nolt vdkYac:qdkMuygw,f/ avmurSm rdwaumif;rdwjf rwf Honourable friend wdYk Nobel f friend wdkYvdk good friend wdkY&SdMuovdk? 'gawGeJY qefYusifbufjzpfwJh rdwaqGnhH bad friend wd?Yk rdwaqGwk liefriend/ rdwaqG,wf wicked f f f k friend wdkYqdkwmu? tqihftwef;jrihfwJh vlY0ef;usif higher human Society udk tqiheravQmusqif;apNy; npfnpfEr;EGr;jzpfom;atmif f d hf D G f f G 'kuvSvSBuD;ay;wwfMuygw,f/ 'Dvlpm;awGudk todw&m;eJY owdxm;

THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

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"r0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

(for the purifiaation of beings.)

Mu&rSmjzpfygw,f/ jrwfpmbk&m; Tejf yawmfrwhJ ]]tao0emp AmvmeH}} G l qdkwm 'DvdkrdwfaqGnHh? rdwfaqGwk? rdwfaqG,kwfawGudk ajymwmyg/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u 'DvdkwpfzufrSm tao0emp AmveH- vlrdkuf udk a&SmifzdkY vrf;TefqHk;rawmfrlNyD;? tjcm;wpfzufuae y@dwmeao 0em- ynm&Sd vlvdrm vlolawmfaumif;eJYaygif;zuf? ylZmpylZae,smeHylaZmfoifyaZmfxuwaus;Zl;&SiawGukd ylaZmfMuvdYk rdermawmfrygw,f/ h l kd f hJ f Yf S l aus;Zl;&SwhJ rdwaumif;rdwjf rwfawG&UJ aus;Zl;udk jyefvnfweYf d f k qyfMuzdkY&mtwGufvJ jrwfpGmbk&m;u TefMum;awmfrlygw,f/ 'Dvdk aus;Zl;&SwoawG&UJ aus;Zl;udk wkejYf yefay;qyfMu&mrSmvJ qxufxrf;yd;k d hJ l tqwdk;NyD; omomxkd;xkd; wHkYjyefMuzdkY wdkufwGef;awmfrlw,f/ 'Dvdkaus;Zl;&Sdzl;MuwJh rdwfaumif;rdwfjrwfawGudk aus;Zl;wkefY qyfMu&mrSm taumif;qHk;? tjrwfqHk;? tjrihfjrwfqHk;aus;Zl;wkefY vufaqmifrGeftjzpfeJYu? tusihfoDvaumif;rGefa&;eJY 0dyemynm Pf tvif;&&Sda&;twGuf? w&m;jrwf"rvufaqmifudk tjrihfjrwfqHk; wefzdk;t&SdqHk; aus;Zl;wkefYvufaqmiftjzpf ay;qyfMu&rSmjzpfygw,f/ w&m;"rym;rsm;tm;xkwjf cif;eJqiwhJ tqH;k tra'oemawmf G Y dk f (Teachings of the Buddha concerned with doctrinal practice) y#d ywftusihfvrf;aMumif;rSm tvHk;pHkNcHKiHkrdapaom enf;vrf;aumif;rSm jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwkdif vrf;TefjyawmfrlcJhwJh vrf;aMumif;[m? atmufarhjcif;? trSwf&jcif;? wpfpHkwpfckaomtmHkudk rarhjcif;qdkwJh? owdy|meokwf Satipatthana Sutta awmfvmusihfpOf"rvrf;aMumif;yJ .. jzpfygw,f/ owdy|me&JUteuft"dym,fu owduyfwnfjcif;? owd rvG w f j cif ; ? Unremitting application of mindfulness means Satipattna. wdkYyJjzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dowdy|mefyGm;rsm;&ef tusihfjrwf (4) .. yg;&Sdygw,f/ there are four aspects of applying mindfulness. ,if;owdy|mefusihfpOf"ronf(1) um,Ekyemowdy|mef- kyfukd,f owdrvGwfjcif;/
(1) Kayanupassana satipatthana - application of mindfulness on .. the body

(2) aomu orwdurm,- pdk;&drfrItaygif;wdkYrS vGefajrmuf &jcif;/

(for the overcoming of sorrow.)

(3) y&da'0geH orwdurm,- idka<u;&jcif;wdkYrS vGefajrmuf &jcif;/

(for the overcoming of lamentation.)

(4) 'ku tw*Frm,- udk,fqif;&JrIwdkY csKyfNidrf;uG,faysmuf jcif;/

(for the disappearance of pain.)

(5) a'greomeH tw*Frm,- pdwfqif;&JrIwdkY csKyfNidrf;uG,f aysmufjcif;/

(for the disappearance of grief.)

(6) , t"d*rm,- r*fPfav;yg;udk od&Sd&jcif;/

(for reaching the nobel path.)

(7) edAme opdud&d,m, edAmefudk rsufarSmufxifxifodjrif m,&jcif;/

(for the realization of Nibbana.)

'Dowdy|meftusijfh rwfrm ]]edAmeopu&,m}} [m t"duESifh S d d d y"metcsufBuD;jzpfygw,f/ 7-&uftwGif;? 7-ywftwGif;? 7-vtwGif; rSm tusihfjrwfw&m;&JU *kPfaus;Zl;udk 'Db0'DcEmjzpfpOfrSmyif rkcs'd| "rcsufcsif; vufiif;&r,fvdkY tmrcHygw,f/ edAme"mwfoEdokc a&TjynfjrwfqDodkY oGm;a&muf&mc&D;vrf; vrf;aMumif;ESpfckr&Sd ]]wpfaMumif;wnf;aomc&D;vrf;}} om&Sdonfudk jrwfpGmbk&m; Tefjyawmfrlygonf/ "r0D&- oEm tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g'Ak ' omoemjyKwu o d k v f ? &ef u k e f /
aemuf a usmzk H ; rS

(2) a0'emEkyem owdy|mef- a0'emowdrvGwfjcif;/ (3) pdwmEkyem owdy|mef- pdwfowdrvGwfjcif;/

(2) Vedananupassana satipatthana- application of mindfulness .. on the one's feelings. (3) Cittanupassana satipatthana- application of mindfulness on .. one's conscious thoughts.

(4) "rmEkyem owdy|mef- onm? ocFg&wdkY owdrvGwfjcif;/

(4) Dhammanupassana satipatthana- application of mindfulness .. on the process of congnition and volition.

tJ'owdy|mefav;yg;w&m;awmftwki;f usiBfhuym;rsm; tm;xkwf D d HG Muygu? kyfemrfcEm (7) rsdK;aom aumif;usdK;xl;w&m;rsm;udk rkcs vufawGUqufqufcHpm;EdkifMuygw,f/ tJ'D (7) csufuawmh y#dywd "rowd tmrcHcsufBuD;rsm;yJjzpfygw,f/ 'Dowdy|mefav;yg;w&m;wnf;[laom w&m;enf;vrf;uom ow0gwdkYudk w&m;bm0emyGm;rsm;usihfoHk;Mu&usdK; (7) rsdK;udk 'd|d"r ay;ygw,f/ 'gudkavmuDavmukw&m tNrdKufaus;Zl;w&m;tusdK;xl; (7) yg;vdkY qdkMuygw,f/ tJ'D (7) yg;uawmh(1) 0dok'd,m- pdwf\tnpftaMu;udavomwdkYrS pifMu,f Nidrf;at;jcif;/

BuD; *sD&SD;eDrm;wwf&Sd (Buddhist senior monk, Geshe Nyma Tashi) u we*FaEGaeYwGif xkwfazmfajymqdkonf/ if;bkef;awmfBuD;*sD&SD;eD;rm;wwf&SDonf xdkaeYu tdEd,EkdifiH [dujf 'mbwfrm'gyl&Nf rKd U&Sd cspBf war,DEiiawmftEkynmtaqmuf tOD k D kd f H rS a[majymyGJwpf&yfwGif ]]Ak'0g'"rESihf odyHynm}} (Buddhism and Science) acgif;pOfjzihf vlxky&dowfwdkYtm; a[majympOf txufyg twdkif; xnfhoGif;ajymqdkoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tqdkyg rm'gyl&fNrdKU&Sd cspfBwDar,DtEkynmtaqmuftODwGif Ak'bmom&[ef;awmfrsm;? ynm&Sifrsm;onf? odyHynm&yfESihf Ak'0g' "rw&m;wdkYaygif;pnf;,SufEG,faeonfh taMumif;rsm;udk rMumcP a[majymyGJrsm;jzihf a[majymaeMuonfqdkonf/ ,cktywf a[majymyGJwGif b*FgvllNrdKUrS wdAufjynf Ak' bmom0dyem bm0emyGm;rsm;a&;ESihf avhvma&;pifwmrS Ak'bmom udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUwpfzGJUa&muf&SdvmNyD; [dkufj'bwfAk'bmomtzGJUESihf ESpjf ynfaxmiftzGUJ rsm;tcsi;f csi;f yl;aygif;aqmif&urjI riwifa&;vkyief; G f fh f rsm;udk wd;k csUJ aqmif&u Ak'0g'"rw&m;ESifh odyynm&yfwukd yl;aygif; G f H Ykd avhvmpl;prf;oGm;Murnf[k tqdkyg [dkufj'bwfrS vmaom tdwfpf y&ufpfe,l;pfqm;ApftGefvdkif;owif;wGif azmfjyonf/

PODIUM DHAMMA
"r0D&onf "ropmudk Tefjyonf/ pmrsuf E S m 13 rS k y f a wG [ m trmcH " mwf B uD ; awG u d k t ajcjyKMu& tcgrSm? kyft|0Doyd@wjzpfvmygw,f/ 'Dtcsuftjcm trmcH"mwfBuD;(4)yg;uawmh? ajr"mwfqdkwJh MoVm&d u 'G g 'ok y f yx0D"mwfu wpfyg;/ a&"mwfvdkYqdkwJh tmayg"mwfu wpfyg;? rD;"mwf tckjyqdkcJhwJh kyft|0DowdkYrSm yom'kyf(5)yg;eJY a*gp&kyf (7)yg;udk aygif;vdYk &wJwpfq,hEpyg;aom kywrm? ke&if;Murf;wrf;wJh vdkYqdkwJh awaZm"mwfuwpfyg;? aemufav"mwfqdkwJh 0ga,m"mwfu h f S f f Ykd S Yf wpfyg;/ tJ'D"mwfBuD;av;yg;wdkYomvQif tpdkiftcJawGjzpfMuwJhtwGuf vuPm&SdwmaMumihf? MoVm&dukyf'Gg'ovdkYvnf; qdkMuygw,f/ awGUaumif;? odaumif;wJh trmcHtcsuftjcm "mwfawGjzpfMuygw,f/ wpf q ,h f & S p f y g;aom k y f w d k Y o bm0k y f j zpf tJ'DMoVm&dukyf'Gg'orSm tmayg? wda`E? yk&doda`E? urZkyfuvmyfpkawG[mvJ tJ'D"mwfBuD;(4)yg;udk tajcjyKNyD;awmh f [',kyf? ZD0wkyf? tm[m&kyf? 'Dkyf(6)yg;udk xnfhvdkY&wJh? wpfq,hf wnfaxmifMu&wmjzpfw,f/ tvm;wl OwkZky?f tm[m&Zkyuvmyf &Spfyg;aom kyfwdkY[m? uuVtp&SdwJh oabmtm;jzihf &tyfwmaMumihf pkwdkY[mvJ 'DtrmcH"mwfBuD;(4)yg;udkyJ tajcjyKNyD; wnfaxmifMu&wm jzpfygw,f/ obm0kyfvdkYvJ rnfygw,f/ k y f a v;rsKd ; aygif ; pk w J h ud k , f a umif B uD ; rS m ted p t p&S d w J h vu P mawG e J Y wuG j zpf w maMumih f v J y J ? tJ'Dkyfav;rsKd;wdkYaygif;pkNyD;wnf&wJh udk,faumifBuD;rSm &SdwJh ovuPkyfvdkYvJac:ygw,f/ y&dap'tp&SdwJh tjzpfudk MunhfNyD;awmh cufrmrItrsKd;rsKd;? El;nHhrIawGuvJ trsKd;rsKd;awG[m y&rwjzpfwJh yx0D rdrdwdkY&JU oabmtm;jzihfom uHtp&SdwJh taMumif;wdkYu jyKjyiftyfonf "mwftppfawGyjJ zpfMuwmyg/ ,dp;D rI? zGUJ wG,ap;uyfrawG[mvJ y&rw k f I \tjzpfaMumihf? edyEkyfvdkYvJac:ygw,f/ jzpfwJh tmayg"mwftppfawGyJjzpfMuygw,f/ ylavmifrI? aEG;rI? at;rI? vu P ma&;oH k ; yg;wif N yD ; oH k ; oyf x d k u f j cif ; tcsrf;tyl tp&SdwJh qefYusifzuftaMumif;wdkYaMumihf azmuf csrf;rIqdkwmawGuvJ y&rwjzpfwJhawaZmtppfawGyJjzpfygw,f/ f S G f I kd jyefwwfwJhtjzpf? tJ'Dtcsrf;tylpwJh qefYusifbuf taMumif;wdkY[m vIy&m;rI? yG&r?I azmif;yGr?I wd;k a0SUrI? awmihwif;oefjrefrawGqwmuvJ y&rwjzpfwJh 0ga,m"mwftppfwdkYomjzpfMuygw,f/ azmufjyefapwwfwJhtjzpfaMumihf lykyfvdkYvJac:ygw,f/ y&dap'pwJh (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) tjzpfudkvGefvdkYoabmtm;jzihfom &tyfwJhtwGufaMumihf tedp? 'ku Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ; tewqwhJ vuPma&;oH;k yg;odwifNy;D awmh oH;k oyfz&mxduwhJ tjzpf kd Yk Ykd k f aMumihf oroekyfvnf;rnfw,f/ Oyg'f ? |D ? bif t m;jzih f xif & S m ;r&S d w J h t wG u f tJ'(7)yg;aom trnfac:p&m&wJh wpfq,h&pyg;aom kywYkd D f S f f om kyfppfvdkYqdkygw,f/ <uif;wJhkyfq,fckwdkYuawmh kyfwkawGrQom jzpfw,fvdkYqdkw,f/ tJ'Dkyfq,fckwdkY[m Oyg'f|Dbiftm;jzihf xif&Sm; rwfwyf&yfum? aeonhfcg0,f r&SdwJhtwGuf wu,fawmh vuPma&;wifNyD;awmhvJ roHk;oyftyfvdkY csdefMumjrihfvm? p&yf-&mrS vJ rdefYqdkawmfrlygw,f/ anmif;nmusifwm? awmifhwif;umjzihf ocF g &wpf y g;xJ vu P mwif x d k u f &vmqif;&J? 'kuyJ/ / tJ'DvdkjzpfwJhtwGufaMumihf ocFg&? 0dum&? vuPm? edAmef? &yfrEkdif? ajymif;umxdkifrS ynwfvdkY qdkwJhan,s"Hw&m;(5)yg;wdkYrSm 0dum&kyf(6)ckeJY vuPkyf ,drf;,dkifrvJ? jyefudkufcJum (4)ckudk vuPma&;rwiftyfbl;vdkYvJ qdkrdefYygw,f/ tvm;wl edAmef? qif;&Jwpfzef? BuHK&jyefNyD ynwfw&m;wdkYudkvJ vuPma&;rwif&/ ocFg&wpfyg;xJudkom vu trSef'ku? a&Smifr&/ / Pma&;wif&ygr,f/ xdkumrSajymif;? wpfzefavsmif; uH p d w f O wk t m[m&taMumif ; cH v d k Y o mjzpf M u Mumanmif;csdefcg? ausm&ifrSmppf tckjyqdkcJhwJh kyfawG[m taMumif;ork|mefeJY uif;NyD;awmh jzpfvmqif;&J? cHcufcJum jzpfMuwmvJr[kwf/ uHpdwfOwktm[m&vdkYqdkwJh (4)yg;aom ork|mef ajymif;vJroGm;? 'kursm;/ / udktaMumif;cHvdkYomjzpfMu&ygw,f/ xdkrSwpfzef? vrf;avQmufjyefvnf;? tJ'vkd jzpfMu&mrSmvJ uHjyKjyifvjYkd zpfwhJ urZkyuvmyfrsK;d u D f trSefrkcs? anmif;nmus (9)ck? pdwfjyKjyifvdkYjzpfwJh pdwZkyfrsKd;u (6)ck? oDw OPSpwJh Owku od&trSef? qif;&JjyefrdkY jyKjyifvjYkd zpfwhJ OwkZkyuvmyfrsK;d u (4)ck? pm;tyfaomuftyfwhJ tm[m f wGef;vSefonf;cH? oGm;Mu&ef/ / &ujyKjyifvdkYjzpf&wJh tm[m&kyfuvmyfrsKd;u (2)ck? taygif;tm;jzihf qif;&Jonhf'Pf? onf;nnf;cH (21)yg;&Sdygw,f/ trSefazmufjyef? kyfESihfemrfonf trmcH " mwf B uD ; av;yg; Pf,SOfodrS? csKyfNidrf;&rnf tJ'(21)yg;aom kyuvmyfrsK;d awG[m av;yg;aom taMumif; D f cGmcstjref? NrdKufedAmefokdY/ / wdkYaMumihf? aygif;pkNyD;wnfaeMu&mrSm? tJ'Dkyf(4)rsKd;wdkYrSm tcsuftjcm {'if - Ad k v f a omif ; trmcH"mwfBuD;(4)yg;&Sdw,f/

25

avsmif;xdkif? &yf? oGm;? av;yg;udp edAmef&

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

26

"r0D&onf t"rw&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

qdkqHk;rvG,frS edAmef&
(aom0pwm)

axG;armif
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BuHK toufab;eJYBuHKavNyD/ odoihfodxkduf wJynmudk roifcawmh touf qH;k H;I cJ&yHjk ywJh h hJ h tusdK;rJhysufpD;cJh&wJh ZmwfaMumif;jzpfw,f/ qdq;kH rvG,ojl zpfvYkd Bu;D yGm;csr;f om k f vmyHkudkvnf; om;awmfav; &m[kvm &[ef; b0eJY bk&m;u vkuem&ef 0denf;ynwfawmfrl d f cJhw,f/ &[ef;rsm;onf vlomraPrsm;ESihf twl rtdyf&qdkwJhtrdefY emcHoGm;yHkrSm wpfaeY bk&m;ausmif;udk &m[kvm <uvmawmh tdyf p&mae&mr&S d ? bk & m;&S i f u d k , f a wmf t oH k ; jyK *E u k # D (td r f o m)xJ r S m td y f c J h & w,f v d k Y &[ef;rsm;od awmh tvGefMunfndKMuw,f/ rmefrme axmifvm;jcif;r&S?d trdeemcHwwfyukd T Yf kH cs;D usL;MuyHrsm; bk&m;&SiMf um;odawmh &m[kvm k av;[m ,ckb0rSmom qHk;rvG,folr[kwf? twdwfb0rSmvnf; qdkqHk;rvG,foljzpfcJhyHkudk twdwfaqmifyHkubk&m;avmif;[m orifrsdK;jzpfcJhzl; w,f/ bk&m;avmif;u olYESr&JU om;wljzpfol orifav;udk orifrm,mtwwfuoifzYkd aeYpOf kd OD;&D;awmfxH ynmoifapcJhw,f/ wpfaeYaomf rkq;kd wpfa,muf axmifxm;wJausmui;f rdawmh h h G toHukefatmf[pfw,f/ xdkodkYjzpfaeyHkudk rdcif BuD;tm; orifrsm;u oGm;ajymawmh rdcifu olYtpfudkBuD;udk om;i,ftm; orifrm,moif ay;NyD;? rNyD;ar;awmh ]]ESrawmf bmrSryleJY? ol orifrm,m wwfNyD;NyD}} vdkY ajymvkdufw,f/ orifav;[m olwwfwJhynmeJY aocsif[ef aqmifNy;D ajrBu;D rSmuyfxm;wJh ESmacgif;wpfzuf wnf;eJY toufSLNyD;aew,f/ rkqdk;u orifudk jrifawmh apmapmurdae[efww,f? wpfu,f l kd vH;k awmihwif;Ny;D ,ifaumifawG us;D uef;awG f awmif tHaeNy/ ykyawmhr,fqNkd y;D ausmui;f udk k D f h G jzKwfNyD; zufeJYxkyf,loGm;r,fqdkNyD; zufoGm;cl;

aewkef; toufvGwfatmifkef;awmh touf ab;rS vGwfcJh&w,fvdkY a[mcJhzl;w,f/ qdkqHk;r vG , f r S tjrif u s,f r ,f ? tjrif u s,f r S ud k , h f t m; ud k , f u d k ; wwf r ,f / trS D & S d r S txufwufEdkifwmuawmh ausmdk;aysmhwJh EG , f r sd K ;omjzpf r ,f ? opf y if r jzpf E d k i f y H k u d k a[mcJhzl;w,f/ rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u qdk qHk;rcufolwpfa,muftaMumif;udk jrif;NrD;qGJ armifqeftaMumif; a[majymqHk;rcJhyHkrSmod'dwrif;om; edrdwfBuD;av;yg;udkjrifawmh touf (29) ESpf/ ]]i,frENk zKd ;? ESpq,hu;kd 0,f? l f f av;yg;ed av;yg;ed r d w f ? ewf j y[d w f a Mumih f ? a&T p d w f jiifndK? oHa0ydkum}} awmxGufawmh vkdufydkY &wJh zGm;zufawmf armifqefjzpfw,f/ bk&m; jzpfawmh zcifBuD;u om;awmfav;udk zl;ajrmf csifvdkY eef;wGif;rSm&SdwJhtrwfrsm;udk oGm;yihf ap&m? jyefrvmbJ &[ef;jyKNyD; bk&m;xHrSm w&m;usihfaeMuolrsm;xJrSm armifqefvnf; tygt0ifjzpfw,f/ qEtrnfjzihf &[ef; 0wfum bk&m;&Sif txHawmfrSm w&m;rsm; tm;xkwfaeaomfvnf; bk&m;om y&dedAmefpH oGm;w,f/ &SifqEuawmh aomwmyefawmif rjzpfcb;l / zGm;zufawmfvnf;jzpf? bk&m;eJtwl hJ Y w&m;rsm;ud k tES p f (40) cef Y tm;xk w f cJhygaomfvnf; tb,faMumifh c&D;rayguf &ovJqdkawmh qEw&m; tm;xkwfaomfvnf; w&m;pOf r ud k u f v d k Y tvk y f pOfvGJae&w,fqdkawmh ay:vGifygw,f/ &[ef;avmurSm olYaemufrS &[ef; jzpfvmwJh &Siom&dyw&meJY &Siarm*vmefwukd f k f Ykd bk&m;&Siu vuf0&?H vusm&HbUJG rsm;jzihf cs;D jrifh f J f onfudk vHk;0rauseyf/ olwdkY[m aemufrS pmrsuf E S m 28 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smufonf/

27

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ykHatmvkdufawmh ukefa&m[kwfvm;}} wu,fawmh apmifjzLapmifMum;NcKH vQif csr;f at;rIudk umuG,w,f? r,fawmfBu;D f u xrDESifhzkH;tkyfxm;vkdY ab;Oyg'ftE&m,f vk H N cKH w ,f [ l a ompum;onf uRef a wmf w k d Y Ak ' b mom jref r mvl r sKd ; ppf p pf w pf a ,muf taeeJY ajym&vQif tvGefyifkdif;vGef;ygonf/ ab;Oyg'f tE & m,f u k d umuG , f E k d i f w mu bk&m;*kPawmf o&P*kurS umuG,Eiw,f/ f H f dk f om"utjzpf Z mwuwpf c k u k d axmuf j y &vQifuRef a wmf w k d Y bk & m;&S i f v uf x uf awmftcgu awmifig;vkH;umckdwJh &mZN*Kd[fNrdKU Bu;D orm'd|trsK;d \om;i,feYJ rdpm'd|trsK;d \ d d om;i,fESpfa,mufwkdYonf *kHnif;upm;Mu&m orm'd|dtrsKd;\om;i,fum; Ak'gEkwdukd qifjcif earmAk'[k &Gwfqkdum *kHnif;ukd ypf\/ rdpm'd|trsK;d \om;i,fuawmh 'd|w&UJ d d Ydk *kPfaus;Zl;ukd &nfTef; earmt&[EmeH [kqkd *kHnif;ukdypf\/ xkdESpfa,mufaom oli,fwdkYwGif orm'd|dom;i,fonf Ekdif\/ rdpm'd|om;i,fonf I;H \/ rdpm'd|om;i,f u d d pOf;pm;onf/ orm'd|u;dk uG,aombk&m; onf d f avmuok;H yg;rSm tjrifjh rwfq;Hk jzpf&r,f igonf ,aeY r S p or m 'd | d o m;i,f \ t,l u k d ,l a wmh t H h [k B uH u m or m 'd | d o m;i,f x H Ak'g Ekwdo&P*kudk oif,um tNrEv;Hk oGi;f H l J S &GwfyGm;aeonf/ wpfaeYaomf zcifESifhtwl awmokdY EGm;vSnf;ESifhxif;ckwfoGm;&m awmokdYa&muf aomf zcifonf EGm;ESpfaumifukd tpm pm;pdrfh aomiSm vSnf;rSjzKwfvTwfxm;\/ xif;ckwf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/ cE m y#d p o rk y g 'f u d k od & r,f ? tm;BuD ; wJ h Av00dyemjzpfawmh r*fPfzdkvf Pf &r,f v d k Y a[mvd k u f w ,f / cE m ig;yg;ud k cEmig;yg; kyfemrfESpfyg;vdkY odvkduf&if ig? ol w pf y g;? a,musf m ;? rd e f ; r r&S d a wmh k y f e mrf y J & S d w ,f q d k w m od v k d u f a wmh 'd | d uGmoGm;NyD/ kyfemrfqdkwmvnf; kyfurod wwfwJhoabm? emrfu odwwfwJhoabm/ wenf; kyfutvkyform;? emrfu tcdkif; orm;vdkY odvdkufawmh igr[kwf olr[kwf emrf e J Y k y f y J / k y f e mrf q d k w m cd k i f w J h N rJ w J h w&m;r[kwfvdkY odvkdufawmh ow'd|d? jzpf N yD ; ysuf w myJ aemuf b mrS r jzpf a wmh bl;vdkY tjywf,lvkdufwm aemufbmrSrjzpf awmhbl;qdkwmr[kwf? tpm;xdk;NyD; jzpfcGifh jyKcJ h w ,f v d k Y od v k d k u f a wmh Oap ' 'd | d p if ? 'd | d p if a wmh cE m xJ r S m ck d i f w mNrJ w mr&S d ? jzpf w meJ Y y suf w myJ &S d w ,f q d k w m od v k d u f awmh jzpf y suf u 'k u o p m ? od w mu 0d y emr* o p m ? wPS m Oyg'gef u H aowm? ork',opmaoawmh aemifcEm r&wm eda&m"opm qdkNyD; qE rmeawGcs? vk y f i ef ; pOf w ef ; oG m ; awmh aomwmyef ? ou'g*grf ? tem*grf ? &[E m wd k i f wnf a wmh w ,f / ,cifu rmeBu;D Ny;D b,foq;kH rvdrS l Yk r&cJhwJh qE? qdkqHk;rvG,fwJh aom0pwm w&m;udk &if0,fydkufvkdufawmh tmoa0gukef crf;? &[Emwdiwnfjcif;udaxmufNI y;D qdq;kH r k f k k vG,fatmif usihfBuHtm;xkwf&if 0dyem w&m;udk vkyief;pOfetnD usiBfh utm;xkwMf u f YJ H ygvQif vkyief;pOfre vd&mNy;D rnf/ bk&m;&Sif f S f k ay;cJhaom Oyrmav;wpfckudk &if0,fydkufEdkif &ef azmfjy&vQifqD q H k x J u d k ausmuf c J a wG x nh f N yD ; qD x G u f y gap? qD x G u f y gapvd k Y b,f v d k y if qk a wmif ; aomf v nf ; qD r xG u f o vd k . . ES r f ; wd k Y ? ajryJ w d k Y xnh f B ud w f y gu qDrxGufygapeJYqdkvdkYvnf;r&? qDxGufovdk q&maumif ; ud k & S m ? q&mqH k ; ronh f t wk d i f ; vd k u f e musih f B uH tm;xk w f v Qif vd k & mc&D ; NyD ; rS m jzpf v d k Y ,ckyifvQif rtdkcifu? remcifu? raocifu? 0dyemw&m;tm;xkwfMuygpdkY/ uRef a wmf v nf ; aom0pwmjzpf a tmif BudK;pm;vsufyg/ (rd k ; uk w f q &mawmf b k & m;BuD ; \ w&m;rsm; ud k rS D j irf ; ygonf / ) axG ; armif

Zm*&d,mEka,m*(tpOfatmufarhtyf aom w&m; Edk;xjcif;ESihf,SOfaomvHkYv)w&m;wkdYukd a[mawmfrlav\/ ]]bDv;l ? o&Jw\&efudk y,fazsmufEif Ydk dk aom Zm*&d,mEka,m*ajcmufyg;}} (1) oky Ak'H yAkZEd? o'g a*gwrom0um? a,oH 'd0gp &awmp? edpH Ak'*wmowd? (2) oky Ak'H yAkZEd? o'g a*gwrom0um? a,oH 'd0gp &awmp? edpH "r*wmowd? (3) oky Ak'H yAkZEd? o'g a*gwrom0um? a,oH 'd0gp &awmp? edpH oHC*wmowd? (4) oky Ak'H yAkZEd? o'g a*gwrom0um? a,oH 'd0gp &awmp? edpH um,*wmowd? (5) oky Ak'H yAkZEd? o'g a*gwrom0um? a,oH ' d 0 gp &aw m p? t[d H o m,&awm raem? (6) oky Ak'H yAkZEd? o'g a*gwrom0um? a,oH 'd0gp &awmp? bm0em, &awmraem [ljzpfonf/ jref r mjyef bk&m;&Sia*gwr\wynfom0u wkYd f h onfaumif;pGmEk;d Mum;Mu aea&mnOfyg tcg Y rvyfb&m;&Si\ *kPawmfwuEv;Hk oGi;f vsuf k f f Ydk dk S aeMuukef\/ - w&m;awmfjrwf\*kPfawmfwkdYukd . . . - oHCmawmfjrwfrsm;\*kPfawmfwkdYukd . . - um,*wmowdur|mef;ukd . . . - ow0gwkdYukd rnOf;qJvkdaom pdwf"gwfjzifh arGYavsmfvsuf&SdaeMuukef\/ - (um,*wm)bm0emur|mef;jzifh arGYavsmf vsuf&SdaeMuukef\/ a'oemawmf\tqkH; rdcifzcifwkdY ESifhwuGaom oli,fonf aomwmywdzkdvf wnfav\/ aemuftzkdY tdrf&mzGJUaESmifvlwkdY abmif r S x G u f &[ef ; jyK\/ tvk H ; pk H a om rdom;pkwkdYonf t&[wzkdvfokdYa&mufMu\/ ]]uJ "r r d w f a qG B uD ; wk d Y ewf u awmf a wG a[mcsuf csaewJh r,fawmfBuD;NcKHvkdYvkHwmeJY Ak'gEkwd o&P*kHNcKHvkdYvkHwm uGmjcm;ykHukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;od&atmifazmfjytyfygonf/ usrf ; uk d ; "ry'a'oemawmf yif v ,f u opf a pm0if ; (awmf c sKd u f )

&Sifawmfbk&m;udk oGm;avQmufMuawmh &SifqE tm; jrwfpGmbk&m;uac:NyD; 'Dvdkrvkyfoihf aMumif;? xdkudk,fawmfBuD;rsm;udk rjypfrSm;oihf aMumifh? olwdkY[m ESpftoacsFeJY urmwpfodef; yg&rDawGjznhfcJh? usihfcJhMuvdkY ,ckvdk igbk&m;u csD ; ajr m uf & aMumif ; ? rjypf r S m ;xd k u f a Mumif ; ac:,lqHk;rw,f/ bk&m;a&SUwGif 0efcHuwdjyKcJh aomfvnf; olY&JUtusihfudkrjyif/ xdkrax&fBuD; rsm;udk jypfrSm;NrJ jypfrSm;jyefw,f/ bk&m;ac:,l qHk;rvnf; olurjyif? rmeBuD;wpfcGJom;eJY w&m;tm;xkwfvsufaew,f/ bk & m;y&d e d A m ef p H c geD ; rS m nD a wmf tmeEmu &SifqEudk b,fvdkvkyf&rSmvJbk&m; vdYk ar;awmh olub,forrac:MueJ?Y rajymMu Y kd l S eJYqdkNyD; jA[m'PfcwfcJhonf/ bk&m;y&dedAmefpH oGm;awmh &SifqErSm ighbk&m;qdkwJhrmeBuD; aysmufuG,foGm;awmh rsufaphysufrsufESmysuf eJY rax&fBu;D rsm;xHom;Ny;D t&Sib&m;wd?Yk t&Sif G f k bk&m;wdkY 'DaumifBuD;udk ypfrxm;MuygeJY? qHk;r Muyg? w&m;ay;Muygbk&m;qdkNyD; ausmif;awG vSnhfNyD; w&m;awmif;w,f/ rax&fBuD;rsm;u ]]a[h qE kyf[mjzpfysuf? emrf[mjzpfysuf? oaAocFg&m tedp? oaA"rm tew? tvHk;pHk jzpfysuf[m'ku? tvHk;pHkjzpfysuf[m 'kuyJuG? 'gudk jrifatmifIa[hvdkY oifay;w,f/ qEu ]]tdk 'gawmh oljrifwm? odwmMumayhg/ tm;vHk; tedp? 'kuqdkawmh bmudktm;udk;&rSmvJqdkwm ay:vmNyD; aMumufvefYjcif;? tm;udk;&mrJhjzpf& jcif;om jzpfjzpfaew,f/ 'kucsKyfwJh edAmef rawGUbl;vdYk jyefajymNy;D racsriHvywmrsm;w,f k f wJh/ w&m;vdkcsifolwdkY rmecHaevQif w&m;r& Edkif? wPSm? rme? 'd|dqdkwJh yyw&m;cHae&if w&m;r&Edkifzl;wJh/ &SifqEu igtoufvnf;BuD;NyD? 'D udk,fawmfawGeJYawmh rudkufbl;qdkNyD; zGm;zuf awmf nDawmftmeEm&Sd&mudk oGm;rSawmfrnf qdNk y;D olausmif;av;ydw?f aumorjD ynfuom; Y kd G NyD;? nDawmf tmeEm 'DaumifBuD;u,fygOD;? w&m;ay;ygOD;? igtoufBu;D Ny?D tjcm;ud,awmf k f awGay;wJw&m;eJY rudub;l ? nDawmf u,fygOD; h k f qdkNyD; trSefwu,f rmefusNyD; wu,fw&m;vdk csifoljzpfNyDvdkYqdkwm nDawmfuodawmh ]]a[h qE? rif;ryleYJ rif;wu,fw&m;vdcsi&if &r,f k f uG}} qdkNyD; yd#uwfawmfawGudk arTaESmuf&Sm pmrsuf E S m 26 rS awmh up,etEG,f &[ef;av;udka[mwJh a&mufvmw,f? igu bk&m;jzpfatmif OD;pGm 'd|djyKwfw&m;&SmawGUawmh qEeJYtudkufyJ? uJ vduyvYkd bk&m;jzpf&wm? ig[m bk&m;eJY t&if; rif;em;axmif? rif;ckvdkjzpfaewm w&m;tm; k f Ykd ES;D qH;k ? ihgbk&m;qdNk y;D awGUorQu,awmfBu;D rsm; xkwfygvsuf? w&m;pOfrusvdkYuG/ kd f udk tNrJtykyfcsajymqdkaeawmh &[ef;rsm;u OD ; pG m yxr 'd | d c G m &r,f / NyD ; vQif

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES "r0D&onf wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;udk jyqkdonf/

29

tvif;vrf;udk avQmufvSrf;ol
auwkrwDjr[oFm (vkyfom;rsm;aumvdyf)
Ak'bmom0ifwdkYonf uHESihf- uH\ taMumif;- tusKd ;w&m;udk vufc,MkH unforsm; H l jzpfMuygonf/ uHqdkwm tvkyf? tvkyfqdkwm uH? tvkyraumif;u uHraumif;? uHraumif; f u tusd K ;ay;raumif ; ? tvk y f a umif ; rS uHaumif;rnf/ tvkyqonfrm ud,Ewpwf f kd S k f I f d oHk;yg;jzihf jyKvkyfrIrsm;yif jzpfygonf/ uHqonfrm tvky?f uHwif tukovf kd S G kd uHonf raumif;rI 'kpdkuf (10) yg;jyKvkyfjcif; jzpf\/ ukodkvfuHonf 'ge- oDv? orx 0dyemjyKvkyfonhf uHrsm;jzpfygonf/ Ak'jrwfpGmbk&m;u(1) tarSmif&Sd tarSmifvQifvJ avsmif;&m&Sdol/ (2) tarSmifjzpf tvif;vQifvJ avsmif;&m&Sdol/ (3) tvif;jzpf tarSmifvQifvJ avsmif;&m&Sdol/ (4) tvif;jzpf tvif;vQifvJ avsmif;&m&Sdol/ [l yk*Kd vav;rsKd ;&SaMumif;a[mjyxm;ygonf/ f d tarSmif&S tarSmifvQivavSmif; d f J &m&Sdol trsdK;tpm;wGif yg0ifolrsm;rSm- tvGef edrhfusaom twef;tpm;jzpfygonf/ qif;&J\ yif y ef ; pG m touf a rG ; jrLjcif ; jyK&\/ k y f tqif;rvS tema&m*gvnf;rsm;\/ ud,t*Fg k f csdKUwJh\/ udk,f-EIwf-pdwf oHkyg;vHk; raumif; aom tusihf tjyKtrl&Sd\/ xdkol trsdK;tpm; onf aovGefaomf tyg,fus\/ tarSmifjzpf tvif;vQivavsmif; f J &m&So- trsKd ;tpm;wGiyg0iforsm;rSm- aumif; d l f l aomtusitjyKtrl&\/ xdotrsKd ;tpm;onf fh dS k l aovGefaomf ok*wda&muf\/ tvif;jzpf tarSmifvQivavsmif; f J &m&Sdol= trsdK;tpm;wGif yg0ifolrsm;rSm trsdK; jrwf\/ csrf;om<u,f0\/ wihfw,faom kyf qif ; t*F g &S d \ / uk d , f - EI w f - pd w f o H k ; yg;jzih f raumif;aomtrIujkd yKusi\/ xdotrsKd ;tpm; fh k l onf aovGefaomftyg,fus\/ tvif;jzpf tvif;vQivavsmif; f J &m&Sdol- trsdK;tpm;wGif yg0ifolrsm;rSm trsdK; jrwfaomtwef;tpm;jzpf\/ csrf;om<u,f0

\/ wihfw,faom kyfqif;t*Fg&Sd\/ udk,fEIw-pdwf oH;k yg;jzihf aumif;aomtrIukd jyKusifh f \/ xdotrsKd ;tpm;onf aovGeaomf ok*wd k l f a&muf\/ odkYyk*dKvfav;rsdK;av;pm;&Sd&mwGif rdrdonf rnfonhftrsdK;tpm;wGif yg0ifae oenf;/ rdrdukd,fudk qef;ppf&efvdk\/ NyD;vQif rdrdudk,fwkdifyif a&G;cs,f&rnfjzpf\/ eHygwf (1)- trsdK;tpm;wGifyg0ifvdk vQifaomfvnf;aumif;? eHygwf (2) trsdK;tpm; eHygwf (3) trsKd ;tpm;ESifh eHygwf (4) trsKd ;tpm; wGifvnf;aumif; yg0ifvdkoljzpfu rdrda&G;cs,f vdkufaom eHygwfpOfrSm yg&Sdonhf udk,f-EIwfpdwf oHk;yg;ESihf avsmfnDatmif udk,fwdkifyif BuKd ;yrf;vkyaqmifNy;D vkuem&rnfjzpfayonf/ f d f Ak'j rwfpmbk&m;\ ]yd#uwfawmfvm G t*Fw&edum,f} ]0dwm&okw}f } awmfwif tusifh k G av;yg;udk a[mMum;xm;onfrSm(1) avmu tcsd K Uaomol w d k Y o nf yifudk,ftm;jzihf xuf aom? tm;BuD;aom &m*-a'go-arm[wdkY &Sd\/ ,if;wdkYaMumihf jzpfaomqif;&Jjcif;? ESvHk; rom,mjcif;udk rMumcPcH p m;&\/ xd k o l t m; Ek a om o' g ponh f a`E i g;yg;wd k Y o nf xif & S m ; jzpfukef\/ xdkolonf a`Eig;yg;Ekjcif;aMumifh tmoa0gw&m;rsm; ukefjcif;iSm rdrd\tjcm;rJh tusdK;udkjzpfapaom r*f- orm"d odkY EkefYaES; pGm a&muf\/ tusihfudk ]]qif;&JpGmae& EkefYaES;aomtodPf&Sdaom tusihf[kqdktyf \/ tarSmif&Sd tarSmifvQif vJavsmif;&m&Sd ol trsdK;tpm;jzpf\/

(2) avmu tcsdKUaomolonf yifu,tm;jzihf xufaom &m*- a'go-arm[ kd f &Sd\/ ,if;wdkYaMumifh qif;&Jjcif; ESvHk;rom ,mjcif;udk rMumcPcHpm;&\/ xdkoltm; vGef aom &ifusuaom a`Eig;yg;wdonf jzpfuef h f Yk k \/ xdkolonf a`Eig;yg;vGefuJjcif;aMumihf tmoa0gw&m;wdkY ukefjcif;iSm rdrd\tjcm;rJh tusdK;udkjzpfapaom r*form"dodkY vsifjrefpGm a&muf \ / tusih f u d k qif ; &J p G m usih f vsif j ref a om tod Pf & S d a om tusif h [ k qdtyf\/ tarSmifjzpf tvif;vQivavsmif; k f J &m&Sdol trsdK;tpm;jzpf\/ (3) avmu tcsdKUaomolonf yifu,tm;jzihf xufaom&m*- a'go-arm[ kd f r&Sd? ,if;wdkYaMumifhjzpfaom qif;&Jjcif;? ESvHk; rom,mjcif;wdkY rMumcP rcHpm;&acs/ xdkol tm; Ekaom a`Eig;yg;wdkYonf jzpfukef\/ xdkolonf a`Eig;yg;Ekjcif;aMumifh tmoa0g w&m;rsm; ukejf cif;iSm rdr\tjcm;rJ tusKd ;udk d h jzpfapaom r*form"dwukd EkeaES;pGma&muf\/ Ykd Yf tusihfudk csrf;ompGmjzihf& EkefYaES;aom todPf&aom tusi[qtyf\/ tvif; dS fh k kd jzpf tarSmifvQif vJavSmif;&m&Sd&m trsdK; tpm;jzpf\/ (4) avmu tcsdKUaomyk*dKvf onf yifu,tm;jzihf xufaom &m*- a'gokd f arm[wdr&Sacs/ ,if;wdaMumihf jzpfaomqif;&J Yk d Yk jcif;? ESvHk;rom,mjcif;udk rMumcP rcHpm;& pmrsuf E S m 31 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

30

"r0D&onf pdwfESvHk;ESifhb0udk Nidrf;csrf;aponf/

tvuFmynm&SdESpfOD; (41)
a':av;aiGpEm
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31

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

32

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tukokdvfu wpfykdif;ygaewmaygh? avmb? a'go? arm[eJ Y vk y f w J h t vk y f [ m tuk okdvftvkyfyJ tar&JU? bk&m;&Sdckd;wm bk&m; wif r [k w f b J tvk d a wmf j ynh f pwmawG ygvmawmh opmav;yg;ukd ukd,fawmfwkdif &S m azG awG U &S d c J h w J h bk & m;uk d r jrif a wmh arm[vnf ; ygvmwmaygh t ar}} vk d Y a jym cJhwmav/ taru b,fvkdbk&m;&Sdckd;&rSmvJvkdY ar;awmh... ]]bk&m;&Sdckd;&if q&mrulygbJeJY opm av;yg;odwJhbk&m;ukd kdaojrwfEkd;pGm &Sdckd;OD;cs &w,f? &Gwfzwfcsif&if *kPfawmfukd;yg;ukd &Gwf zwf a ygh / a*gwr (uyvk d Y pd w f r S m rxif a peJ Y ? yG i f h a wmf r l N yD ; wJ h b k & m;wk d i f ; [m op m av;yg;uk d uk d , f w k d i f o d M uwmyg/ yk*Kdvf emrnfpGJrxm;ygbJeJY &Sdckd;wwf&rSm aygh } } vk d Y a jymcJ h w mav/ aus;Zl ; wif w ,f om;a& ckvdk ta0;rSmae&awmhrS &wemok;H yg; uk d ; uG , f w wf a tmif oif a y;cJ h w J h om;uk d nwki;f yJ orD;eJtaru &Sc;dk OD;csNy;D rS tdyw,f/ d Y d f om;u &wemokH;yg;xJu oHCm jzpfaeNyD r[kwvm;/ yk*K vpe&c;dk w,fvYdk rxif vkueYJ f d f JG YJ dS d f aemf / &wemok H ; yg;uk d & S d c k d ; NyD ; rS t&S i f om&dykw&mvkdyJ q&m&Sd&mukd &Sdckd;wmyg/ tar rSefw,fr[kwfvm; om;a&../ opmav;yg;ukd ukd,fykdifPfjzifh odNyD; kyfemrfwkdY&JUrNrJaomw&m;"rawGukd a[mcJhwJh bk&m;? bk&m;a[mcJhwJh"rawGukd

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r0D&onf avmuzGHY NzdK;pnfyifa&;twGuf jzpfonf/ rS tJ'gawGu jzpfysufawGygvm;? at;csrf;jcif; udray;Ekiygvm;vkYd odvmw,f/ om;ajymw,f k d f r[kwfvm; opmav;yg;jrifatmifMunhfqkd ynmodawmh rodbl;aygh/ onmodtaeeJY uawmh txuf r S m ajymcJ h w J h Mum;wm jrif w m awG r od & awmh od c sif v mw,f ? odcsifawmh tm;xkwf? r&awmh qif;&Jjcif; [m 'k u o p m ? xyf u mxyf u meJ Y cE m ig;yg;uawmif ; wmuk d vk y f a y;ae&wmu ork',opm vkdYodvm& w,f/ 'kuopm? ork ' ,op m vk d Y od a ewmav;u r* op m aemf / emrf w &m;qk d w m ES p f c k NyKd i f rjzpf E k d i f b l ; aemf / 'gqk d a wmh cE m ig;yg; wpf c k jzpf N yD ; wpf c k y suf ? wpf c k y suf N yD ; wpf c k j zpf e J Y Mum;umv csKyf N id r f ; aewJ h umvav;uk d ed a &m"op m vk d Y ac:w,f qk d w mod v mw,f / ighom;&JU vrf;TefcsufawGeJY opm av;yg;ukdawmif ynmodrodayr,fh onmod awmh odvmygNyD/ [kdt&ifwkef;uawmh xkdifwJh tcsd e f [k d [ mjrif ? 'D [ mMum;wmawG u k d om,mrdwmaygh/ ckrsm;Muawmh cEmawGjzpf vkduf ysufvkduf? ysufvkduf jzpfvdkufeJY wpfckNyD; wpf c k tquf r jywf jzpf a y:aewmuk d jrifatmif MunhfwwfaeygNyD/ b,ft&mrS rNrJygvm;aemf/ o&P*ko;Hk yg;uvGNJ y;D uk;d uG,&mr&Sd H f qkwhJ pdwuav;wnfNiratmif vrf;Teay;vkYd d f d f f om;ukd q&maumif;vdkY owfrSwfyg&ap/ cEm awG&JUjzpfjcif;ysufjcif;awGtay:rSm opmav; yg;jzifh Ijrifwwfatmif vrf;jyay;vkdY q&mrGef vkqcsiygw,f/ ighom; oabmwlr,fvYdk ,lq Yd dk f ygw,f/ rwlvJ oabmxm;rSmygyJ/ om;ukd ajym&tkH;r,f/ OD;qef;vGif a&;wJh 0dyemIenf; vufpusr;f xJrm r*fwk JG S q,fyg;ukd azmfjyxm;w,f/ tvif;a&mifjrif jcif;? Pfxufjrufjcif;? 0rf;omrIvGefuJvm jcif;? ukd,fpdwfNidrf;at;jcif;? wpfukd,fvkH; csr;f omrIpraejcif;? vGeuaom ,kMH unfro'g d hf f J I jzpfjcif;? vkHYv0D&d,ZGJxufoefjcif;? pGJNrJaom owdaumif;aejcif;? 0dyEkayumESifh tm0Z EkayumqkdwJh ocFg&w&m;awGukd Pfjzifh odr;f yku&mrSm tm;aumif;vmjcif;? tvGetm; d f f aumif;jcif;? a&SUykdif;ukd;rsKd;vkH;ukd ESpfoufwG,f wmjcif; qkdwmawG[m r*fwkawGvkdY zwfvkduf &w,f/ tJ'gawG zwfvkduf&rS ]]aMomf.. igw&m;rSwfwm r*frajymeJY r*fwkawGawmif aumif;aumif;r&cJhygvm;}} vkdY odvkduf&w,f/ pmawmiftawmf&SnfoGm;NyD om;a&? q&maumif;q&mrGeuae q&mjrwfjzpfatmif f BuKd;pm;yg om;&,f/ tarhtay:rSmwif q&m aumif; q&mrGefr[kwfbJ om;ukd,fwkdifaum? tjcm;ow0gawGtay:rSmaum q&maumif; q&mrG e f q&mjrwf B uD ; jzpf y gapvk d Y tar qkawmif;ay;vkuygw,f/ d f om;&[ef;&JU r,fawmf a':oufouf0if; txu (3) r*FvmawmifTefY &efukef/ ow 0 gtm;vk H ; at;csrf ; Muygap/ pd w ' D y (a&T a wmif O D ; )
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raysmufu,atmif xde;f odr;f cJwhJ oHCmqkwhJ G f h d &wemok H ; yg;/ rS m ;cJ h w J h t,l a wG u k d pG e f Y v T w f N yD ; rS e f u ef a omuk d ; uG , f & mud k tarod o vk d tjcm;ol a wG od a tmif v k d Y a&;vk d u f w mygom;a&/ usef a o;w,f om;&JU/ tar w&m;xkdifawmh 0ifvmwJhtjrif tMum;awGuajymjyawmh ]]tar vrf;rSm;aeNy?D dk 'D y k H t wk d i f ; quf v k y f a e&if 0d r k w d & ouk d cH p m;&rS m r[k w f b l ; }} vk d Y a jymcJ h w ,f av/ igw&m;xk d i f v k d Y od v mwmuk d rS m ;w,f v k d Y ajymw,fqkdNyD; pdw fwkdpdwfqkd;cJha o;w,f/ aemufqufw&i;f jyrS em;vnfcwm rSwrao; JG S hJ f d &JUvm;/ ]]tar w&m;xkdifawmh Mum;vm? jrif v mwmawG t ay:rS m k y f e mrf c G J N yD ; rrS w f b l ; r[k w f v m;}} vk d Y a r;awmh tar uawmh Mum;jrif w muk d bmquf j zpf r S m vJ bmquf M um;rS m vJ q k d N yD ; quf N yD ; xk d i f a e rS w f a ewmaygh v k d Y a jymcJ h w,f a v/ ]]tJ ' g rS m ;wmaygh tar&,f w&m;xk d i f a epOf orm"d w wf v m NyD q k d & if rm&f e wf u aES m if h , S u f w wf w ,f w J h tar&J U rS w f x m; aemf ? orm"d a umif ; vm&if tJ ' D o rm"d r S m aysmfaeatmif oluvkyfwwfw,f? 0dy emul;oGm;vkdY wpfr*fwpfzkdvf&&if qufNyD; ed A m ef x d a &muf o G m ;Ek d i f w ,f a v? tJ ' gqk d ewfjynfrSm ewfom; ewforD;enf;oGm;rSm pkd;&drfawmh 0dyemPf ra&mufatmif orm"drSmwifaysmfaeatmifvkyfwmaygh}} ]]'gqk d Mum;wm jrif w mawG u k d 0dyemtjzpfb,fvrw&rSmvJ ighom;ajymjy dk S f aygh } } / ]]orm"d a v;&vmawmh 0if v mwJ h tmk H a wG t ay:rS m jrif & if j rif w ,f r S w f ? Mum;&if M um;w,f r S w f tJ ' D a emuf u k d pD ; arsmNyD ; rvk d u f a peJ Y ? jrif w mu k y f ? jrifw,fvkdYodwmu emrf? Mum;wmu kyf? Mum;w,fvkdYodwmu emrfvkdY PfowdeJY I r S w f & r,f ? aemuf N yD ; tjrif t Mum;awG u rNrJ b l ; r[k w f v m;? tJ ' g ted p ? rjrif c sif rMum;csif w mawG ay:vm&if qif ; &J j cif ; 'ku? olYaemufukd vkdufrSwfawmh Mum&Snf rxd e f ; Ek d i f b l ; r[k w f v m; tJ ' gtew tpk d ; r&jcif ; qk d w J h vu P ma&;ok H ; yg; xifNyD;awmhIrSwfEkdifygw,f? rkd;ukwfq&m awmf B uD ; uawmh jzpf - ysuf - r*f vk d Y a[mxm;wm&S d y gw,f tar}} om;ajymovkrwvuawmh tMum; d S f dk f awG tjrifawGaysmufuew,f om;a&/ 'Dawmh k f

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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

"r0D&onfvlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

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uRefawmfumrm0p&ukodkvfuHaMumihf vljzpf&ygonf
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[k qufvufreMYf um;&m twdutcH d k f ESihf pum;uyfajymavhajymx&Sdaom qifajc qifvufay;wwf ajymwwfavh&Sdaom udk&if yndEu aumufcg iifum]rSeygaus;Zl;&SwmvJ &Soihoavmuf f d d f &S d y gw,f / wpf z uf u wynf h a wmf B ud K ;pm; tm;xkwfrIr&Sd&ifvJ wynhfawmf 'Dvdk "rm p&d,wef;udk i,fi,f&G,f&G,fESihf a&mufrSm r[kwfygbl;bk&m;} [k rdrdBudK;pm;rI aMumihf& onh f o abmqif a jcqif v uf E S i h f jyef v nf avQmufxm;avonf/ xdktcg pmcsq&mawmfu acwrQ pOf;pm;NyD; NyHK;&,fum ]tif; tif; 'Dudk&ifu awmh anmifyifom&Gmu armifukvm;ajymwJh uRefawmf umrm0p& ukodkvfuHaMumihf vljzpf wmyg} vd k Y ol Y t azud k a jymovd k u d k ; uG J U [k rdeMYf um;onf/ ]taMumif;pHk tus,fuav; odyg& apbk&m;} [k OD;awZdEu avQmufxm;onf/ ]at; wdkY anmifyifomblwm&GmrSm armifukvm;ac: armifcspfqdkwJh ausmif; q&m wpf a ,muf & S d o uG J U } i,f i ,f u bk e f ; BuD ; ausmi;faeNy;D oN*K [u;kd ydi;f Ny;D atmif oifMum; f k cJz;l Ny?D oltazu aemufawmh 'Dbe;f Bu;D ynm h Y k udqufoifaeu bke;f Bu;D b0NrvQif aumif;&JU? k J rNrJvdkY vlxGufvm&if vlYavmurSm bkef;BuD; pmESihf vkyfpm;vdkYr&bl;? acwfynm twef;pm ESihf vkyfpm;rS &r,fvkdYoabmaygufNyD; udk&if b0u xGufapum tpdk;& taxmuftyHhcH trsKd;om; bkef;awmfBuD;oifynma&; pufHk bke;f Bu;D ausmif;rSm ausmif;ajymif;xm;owJ?h tJ'D ausmif ; uae ow r wef ; atmif N yD ; aemuf ausmif;q&mtvkyfavQmufxm;awmh ausmif; q&mtvkyf&owJh/ tJ ' D a cwf u 'D v d k a wmom;wpf a,muf owrwef;atmifNyD; ausmif;q&m

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

36

"r0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

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tcgwpfyg;wGif ]a&m[dw} ewfom; onf od v d k a om taMumif ; t&mwpf c k u d k ar;jref;avQmufxm;vdkonfhtwGuf jrwfpGm bk&m;ocif&Sd&modkY a&muf&SdcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ bke;f awmfBu;D jrwfvpmaom jrwfpm S G G bk&m;? wynhfawmfodvdkaomtaMumif;t&m wpfckudk avQmufxm;cGihfjyKygbk&m;[k kdao av;jrwfpGmavQmufxm;ojzihf &Sifawmfjrwf bk&m;u cspfom;odvdkonfudkavQmufwifav [k rdefYMum;awmfrlojzihf a&m[dw ewfom; vnf; ]t&Sifjrwfbk&m; vlewfjA[m paom wd&pmef ydk;avmuf ow0gwdkYonf rnfonfh ow0gjzpfjzpf? arG;aorqHk;Ekdifatmif oHo&m puf&[wf qufpyfusifvnftrQif&SnfMumpGm onfcEmtwGuf b,fqup b,fXme wGif D tqHk;owfonf[k rod&ygbk&m;? xdkoHo &monf tb,frQ&Snfvsm;onfudk od&SdEkdif&ef wynhfawmftm; oem;ojzihf &Sif;jyay;oem; awmfrlygbk&m;} [k avQmufxm;vQif Ak'u ]]cspfom;}} a&m[dw ]]jA[mjzpfcJh onfh b0rsm;vnf; ra&wGufEkdif? ewfom; ewforD;b0usifvnf&onfuvnf; teE? vlrif;? olaX;rif;? qif;&Jom;rsKd;pHkjzpfvdkufysuf vdkuf? &Sifvdkuf? aovdkufb0aygif;uvnf; a&wGufjyr&Ekdif? wd&pmef? Nydwm? tol &um,f b H k a&muf & S d c H p m;&onf r S m vnf ; renf;cJ?h i&JBu;D ? i&Ji,ftoG,o,aom 'ku f G f

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DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

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37

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DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

38

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ ypfcwfarmif;xkwfta0;odkYESifxkwfvdkufav onf/ xdkrSc&D;quf oGm;&m awmtkyf twGif;wpfae&modkY a&muf\/ ae&modkY ta&mufwGif acguf&SmiSufwpfaumifonf us,favmifaomtoHjzihf kwfw&wfxatmf avonf/ (tdk cdk;om;wdkYtjrefvma&mufMu avmh? ,ck awmtkyfxJodkY a&mufvmol tojym aiG a Mu;rsm;pG m ygonf j zpf vm a&mufvk,lMuukefavmh)[kqdk&m ol<u,fom; onf xd k t oH u d k ES p f o uf o abmus\/ r*Fvm&SdaomiSufonf r*Fvm&Sdaom toHudk jyK\[k oabmaygufNyD; tvGef0rf;ajrmuf MunfEl;&um;? xdkacguf&SmiSufudk &Sdcdk; OD;wif jyK om,mESpfvdkzG,f r*Fvm&Sdaom toHudk xyf xyf usL;&ih f y g OD ; [k awmif ; yef pum;udkyif qdkvdkufygao;onf ol<u,fhom;onf aysmf&TifMunfEl; pGmjzihf c&D;qufcJhjyef&m awmtkyf\ wpfck aomae&m olcdk;"m;jyvlqdk;wdkYESihf wnhfwnfh pmrsuf E S m 36 rS t&Sifom&dykw&mt&Sifjrwfuvnf; rSevygt&Sib&m; bke;f awmfaMumifh f S f k bk&m;om;awmfrSm oHo&mudk &SnfpGmawG; udprNyD;EkdifcJhyg/ ,ckrSyif udpNyD;ygNyDbk&m;? ajczsm;utp qH p zsm;txd wynh f a wmf \ yd k i f e uf o nf t0d Z m wnf & m wPS m usuf p m;&mXme? onf c E m oH k ; axmif x G m tjyifrSm r&Sdygbk&m;? rdrd\ igydkifvkyfaom cE m ud k , f \ tptqH k ; ES i h f o m tmH k ? um r*k P f v k d u f p m;&jcif ; jzpf y gonf b k & m;? cE m rS w jcm; tyf w pf v H k ; uG m oG m ;vQif xdrSef;rodovdk aumif;rSef;vnf; rodawmh ygbk & m;? wPS m \ wnf & m cE m oH k ; axmih f x G m rmewd k Y w nf ; cd k & m cE m ? 'd | d w d k Y p G J v ef ; &m cE m jzpf y g\/ pH p &m onf oHk;axmifhxGmom &Snfonfudk odygNyD bk&m;? xdkYaMumihf cEmESihf xyfvdkuf pyf,Suf p&m ywfoufp&m tmHk cHpm;p&monfrS wpfyg; tjcm;oHo&mr&Sdojzihf bk&m;wynhf awmfonf cEmysu?f b0ysu?f vrf;qH;k w&m;udk &ygNyDbk&m;[k wifavQmufNyD; &[EmPfudk &&SdoGm;cJhavonf/ t&S i f o m&d yk w & mu Ak ' b k & m; &Sitm; wifavQmufaom pum;udk Mum;&aom f a&m[d w ewf o m;onf v nf ; t&d y f j y BuD ; wd k ; avawmh o nf / ol < u,f h o m;onf olYtusKd;twGuf apwemESihf xdkawmtkyfvrf; rS roGm;&ef wm;jrpfaom ajracG;\ pum;udk awmhrem,l? olYtusKd;pD;yGm;ysufpD;zdkYudk zefwD; rnfacguf&miSu\ toHuawmh r*Fvm&Saom h S f kd d toH[k pGJrSwfNyD; xyfxyfatmfjrnf&efyif &Sc;kd OD;wifjyKconf/ ,ckrl ol<u,hom;rSm 'ku d hJ f a&mufcNhJ y/ ol<u,fom;onf rdwzufukd &efol D h f txifa&muf&efoludkrl rdwfzuf[k rSm;,Gif; pGm oabmaygufconfwum;/ odaomf bk&m; hJ Yk tavmif;jzpfaom cd;k om;rSL;onf ol<u,fom; h udk qHk;rvsuf aiGxkyfESihfwuG jyefvTwfvdkuf avonf/ Zmwfaygif;u ,ckZmwfudk a[m Mum;awmfronfA'&iawmfb&m;onf xdtcg l h k S f k k u ]cdk;om;BuD;rSL;} wpfa,mufjzpfcJhavonf/ aZmf a emif usrf ; ud k ; owyw Z mwf ? ig;&mh i g;q,f Z mwf 0 w K (anmif u ef q &mawmf )

bk&m;u oHCmhtpnf;ta0;udk csufcsif;yif ac:,l p nf ; a0;apNyD ; ]y@Kuavm[d w } &[ef ; wd k Y u d k v nf ; ac:,l a p\/ jrwf p G m bk&m;onf xdktpnf;ta0;BuD;wGif ]&[ef;wdYk oifwonf rdr\ Nir;f av Ykd d d NyD ; aom t"d u k P f ; ud k v S e f M uuk e f [ l o nf wpfyg;ukefaom &[ef;wdkYtm;vnf; t,ludk pGefYpdrfhaomiSm ray;Muukefaom[lonf trSef yifavmar;vQif? rSef\0efcHaomf? &[ef;wdkY oifwdkY\ trlt&mrSm acguf&SmiSufESihf vkvif wdkYuJhodkYjzpfacsonf} [k rdefYNyD; twdwfZmwf awmfudk a[mjyawmfrlygonf/ tcgwpfyg;jynfAm&mwGif jA['wf rif; rif;jyKaomtcsdefumv Ak'avmif;vsm onf cdk;om;BuD;rSL;wpfa,mufjzpf\/ rxif &Sm;aom umod&Gmuav;zGm;jrifNyD; t&G,f a&mufaomf wjcm;toufarG;rIrjyKbJ aemuf vdkuf (500)jzihf cdk;om;BuD;rSL;vkyfaejcif;jzpf onf/ xdtcse Am&mPoDNrKd UwGif ol<u,f k d f wpfO;D &S\/ xdo<l u,fonf &Gmwpf&mrS &Gmom; d k G wpfOD;udk tojymwpfaxmifacs;xm;\/ if;\ aiGwpfaxmifr&cif uG,fvGefoGm; onf/ onfhaemuf odyfrMumcifwGifyif if;\ ZeD;onfvnf; emruse;f jzpf\/ xdtcg xdre;f r k k d u vifvnf;aoNyD? ,ckrdrdvnf; rMumcif aornf/ rdbESpyg;pvH;k aoqH;k Nyqu aiGacs; f D kd xm;aom &Gmom;onf xdkaiGudkjyefay;awmh rnfr[kw?f igraocif xdaiGukd jyef&atmifvyf k k &rnf[k pdwfydkif;jzwfNyD; om;jzpfoludk a<u; awmif ; vT w f v d k u f o nf / om;jzpf o l v nf ; rdcif\qEtwdkif; a<u;awmif;oGm;&m if;wdkY u acs;xm;aom aiGtukefvHk;jyef&cJhonfjzpf aomfvnf; olYtdrfodkY jyefra&mufrDyif olYrdcif u qHk;ESihfavonf/ xdkrdef;ronf om;udkpdwfpGJNyD; ao onfjzpf ajracG;rjzpfum olYom;oGm;&m vrf;c&D;wGif olYom;tjyefudk oGm;apmihfae avonf/ olYom;vnf; a<u;awmif;&mrS jyef vmNyD; c&D;tMum;awmtkyfwpfckodkY 0ifrnfjyK pOf rdcifajracG;ronf awmtkyf0aeNyD; olY om;a&SUrS umqD;um xdkawmtkyfrS roGm;&ef wpfjcm;zufrvnom;&ef xdawmtky cd;k om; S S fh G k f "m;jywdkY&SdtE&m,f&SdaMumif; ajymaomfvnf; ol<u,fhom;onf taMumif;jcif;&mudk pOf;pm; qifjcifjcif;rjyK xdajracG;r ajymonfukd vspvsL k f Ivsuf olutaESmiht,Suay;&aumif;vm;[k Y kd f f trsufxGufNyD; xdkajracG;rudk cJ? wkwfwdkYESihf

taumifxif? tarSmifpif tvif;&oGm;ojzihf bk&m;wynhfawmf a&m[dw ewfom;onf vnf ; oH k ; axmih f x G m oH o &mt&S n f u d k od j rif o abmusygojzih f w&m;vrf ; p? &H k r Qru w&m;ud p N yD ; qH k ; ygNyD bk & m;} [k avQmuf x m;avonf / trS e f a wmh Ak ' \ w&m;jrwfw&m;awmfonf iSufESpfaumifudk wpf N yd K if e uf xd r S e f c J h o nf h E S , f jzpf & avNyD wum;/ usrf;udk;-a&m[dwoH,kwf aumif ; jrwf (c&mawm)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;twGuf jzpfonf/

39

2 ]]avmuNir;f csr;f rIEihf om,mpnfyifzNYGH zKd ;wk;d wufr&&Sap&ef}} Ak' "rw&m;xGe;f um;a&;? avmuygvw&m;ukd avmuom;tm;vk;H d S I d
ESvkH;oGif;vufcHusifhokH;EkdifMuapa&; vkdtyfygrnf/ 2 pmrsuEmae&mwGi?f q&mBu;D OD;a&Tatmif\ ]]Ak'avmuom;wk\ tEIi;f rJaus;Zl;&Sif (uk,usiA'0if)}}rS yg&rDawmfrsm;ukd f S Yd d h d f hf k jznfhusifhawmfrljcif;}} tykdif;\ tESpfxJrS tESpftpktcsKdUukd zwfrSwfvG,fulusifhokH;Ekdifap&ef a&G;xkwfazmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/ t,f'DwmtzJGY

rdpmy#dy'gESifhormy#dy'g
"rwmtm;jzihf pdw[onf raumif;rI arGavsmwwf\/ f l Y f raumif;rI\qGJaqmif&maemufodkY vdkufygwwf\/ odkYjzpfav&m raumif;rI arGYavsmfwwfaom pdwf\ tvkovu aqmif&ujf cif;onf avmu"Hw&m;udk y#dporkyg 'f d Ykd kd f G tEkavmrenf;t& wHkYjyefaqmif&Gufjcif;jzpf\/ ,if;udk ]rdpm y#dy'g} [l qdk&\/ pdwf\tvdkodkYrvdkufbJ aqmif&Gufjcif;onf avmu"H w&m;udk y#dporkyg'f y#davmrenf;t& wHkYjyefaqmif&Gufjcif; jzpf\/ ,if;udk ]ormy#d y'g}[l qdk&\/ pG e f Y j cif ; jzpf \ ? rd r d \ b0ud k paw;jcif ; jzpf \ / avmu trsm;twGuf rdrdb0udk paw;Muaom yk * d K vf r sm;&d S M uyg\/ touf u d k a ocH yif tepf e mcH o l r sm; &dSMuyg\/ odkY&mwGif b0udk paw;wdkif; yg&rDajrmufonfr[kwf? touf u d k taocH w d k i f ; yg&rD a jrmuf o nf r [k w f / a'go tmCmwjzihf paw;onfvnf;&dS\/ rmefrmejzifh paw;onf vnf ; &d S \ / xd k u J h o d k Y a om paw;jcif ; um; yg&rD a jrmuf a om paw;jcif;r[kwf/ trsm;twGuf paw;jcif;onf toGiftm;jzihf jrwfEdk;zG,fcsnf; jzpfonfrSef\/ tESpfom&tm;jzifhrl jrwfEdk;zG,f jzpfcsifrSjzpf\/ a'gotmCmwjzif h p aw;vQif j zpf a p? rmef r mejzif h paw;vQifjzpfap xdkodkYpaw;jcif;onf twtay:tajccH paw;jcif ; omjzpf \ / tw t ay:tajccH paw;jcif ; onf tESpfom&tm;jzifh tukodkvfcsnf;jzpfojzihf jrwfEdk;zG,frjzpf/ tES p f o m&tm;jzih f jrwfEdk;zG,fjzpfaom paw;jcif; [lonfrm avmuudk apmifa&Smuf&eftwGu?f "rukd apmifa&Smuf S h h &eftwGuf twtay:tajcrcHbJ ta'goac: arwmpdwf oufoufjzihfom paw;jcif;jzpf\/ xkdodkY paw;EdkifygrSvnf; yg&rDoabmodkY ouf0ifEdkif\/

tp&Smr&aomavmujzpfpOf(0g) ocFwjzpfpOf
]onf;cHjcif;aMumifh jrihfjrwfonf? jrihfjrwf jcif;aMumifh onf;cHonf}[l onf;cHjcif;ESifh jrifhjrwfjcif;udk tusKd;taMumif; ed,mrtm;jzifh puf0ef;jzpf&yf[l qdk&\/ y#dporkyg'fa'oemawmft& avmu(0g) ocFwjzpfpOf rsm;onf taMumif;tusKd;ed,mrt& tp&Smr&aomjzpfpOf rsm;omjzpfMu\/ trSeftm;jzifh tp[lonf vufawGYoabm t& rjy|mef;vS? 'eoabmt& jy|mef;\/ vufawGYoabm t&qdvQif tqH;k omjy|mef;\/ vufawGwif ypKyef wnfwnfjh zpfzYkd k Y G h om ta&;BuD;\/ yp K y e f w nf h w nf h o abmud k awG ; ac: ajrmf j rif j cif ; wum0gp&jzihfr&aumif;? udk,fwdkif usihfpOf twum0p&jzifhom &aumif;\/ (wum0p&udk 'eoabm[lvnf; qdkMu\) trSef tm;jzihf onf;cHjcif;\w&m;udk,frSm ta'gojy|mef; aom emrf w &m;jzpf a v&m? ,if ; ud k rsuf E S m pm wpf b uf r S Munh f v Qif ]onf ; cH j cif ; }tjzpf j rif & NyD ; ? tjcm;wpf b uf r S MunhvQif ]jrifjh rwfjcif;}tjzpf jrif&\/ rsufESmpmom jcm;em;\? f w&m;ud,rm rjcm;em;/ xdaMumifh ,if;udk tp&Smr&aomavmu k f S Yk jzpfpOf (0g) ocFwjzpfpOf[l qdkjcif;jzpf\/

yg&rDq,fyg;wGif trdESifhtz
yg&rDq,fyg;wdkYwGif cEDyg&rDonf trdESihf wl Oayum yg&rDonf tzESifhwlonf[l v,fwD q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u Owryk&do'DyeD rdefYawmfrlxm;\/ vkyfief;udkvkyf&m rnfonfh vkyief;udk vkyonfjzpfap? avmu"Hw&m;ESiBhf uKH &NrjJ zpf\/ 'geudk f f vkyvQivnf; avmu"HEiBfh uKH &\/ oDvudk aqmufwnfvQivnf; f f S f avmu"HESifhBuHK&\? tjcm; rnfonfhvkyfief;udkvkyfvkyf avmu"H ESifhBuHK&rnfyif jzpf\/ avmu"Hwif om,mzG,oabmvnf;yg\? rom,mzG,f G f oabmvnf;yg\/ om,mzG,f uvnf; om,mzG,ftavsmuf qJGaqmif\? vkyfief;udk t[efYtwm;jyK\? rom,mzG,fuvnf; rom,mzG,tavsmuf qGaqmif\? vkyief;udk t[eftwm;jyK\/ f J f Y xdkYaMumihf rdrvyaomvkyief;udk tNy;D wdif a&mufapcsif d k f f k ygvQif om,mzG,fESifhawGYonfjzpfap? rom,mzG,fESifhawGYonf jzpfap? rwkefvIyfzdkYvdk\/ ,if;odkYrwkefvIyfjcif;onfyifvQif cED y g&rD j zpf \ / rwk e f v I y f H k r QES i f h &yf r aebJ ? rd r d v k y f &ef&dSonfrsm;ukd qufvufvkyfjcif;onf Oayum yg&rDjzpf\/

yg&rDoabmouf0ifaom paw;jcif;rsKd;
trS e f t m;jzih f yg&rD [ l o nf tepf e mcH j cif ; tay: wnfaqmufrSjzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh rnfrQBuD;rm;aomaumif;rIrsm; udkvkyfvkyf tepfemcHjcif;oabmrygvQif ,if;vkyfief;onf yg&rDtjzpfodkY ra&muf? omrefukodkvftjzpfom &yfwnf\/ tepf e mcH j cif ; [l o nf r S m trsm;twG u f rd r d \ ud k , f u sKd ; ud k

By Dhamma Vira Thandar, ITBM University, Yangon,

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THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE

a&Ta&miftqif;eJY &Sioefjcif; f
"r 0 D & -oE m

A Prosperous Living through Golden Aspect

rdwfaumif;rdwfjrwfESihf tusihfjrwf
Noble Friend & Uprightness
rd w f ? rd w ( rd M w)? rd w w m (rd M wwm)? arBwD jrefrmpum; ]]rdw}f } qdwmud?k ygVda0g[m&u ]]rdw} } vkac:qdk k Yd ovdk? ouwbmomu ]rdMw} vdkYac:ygw,f/ `Ed,u ]arBwD} vdkYac: jyefw,f/ t*Fvdyfbmomu Friend vdkYac:w,f/ ]]rdwf}} &JUteufu taqGcifyGef;? oihfjrwfaomtwGJtzufvdkY qdkygw,f/ ygVd ]rdw} &JU t"dyg,fu cifrif&if;ESD;wJhtaygif;toif;? rdwo*F[jzpfygw,f/ t*Fvdyf Friend &JUteufu Person you know well and like, but who is not a relative vdkYqdkygw,f/ Idiomatic vdkYac:wJh bmompum;t& txl;0daooteuf t"dyg ,faqmifwhJ pum;pk/ jrefrmpmaya0g[m&tvdu *kPwcsi;f cdi;f k f l k EdIif;xif[wfaom tvuFmpum;qdkwJh ]Oypm} pum;vdkYac:wJh Idionm pmrsuf E S m 18 ok d Y

Buddhism and Science

Buddhism and molecular physics intertwine.

vdr,yaygi;f pnf;aeaom Ak'"rEihf armfvusL;lyaA' f Sf S D

HYDERABAD, INDIA EXPRESS News Service, 13 Oct 2009

Ak'"r\ teufdIif;qHk;jzpfaom tbd"rmESihf tqihfjrifh odyH ynm&yfwdkYonf qHkrSwfwpfae&mwGif rMumcP cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm r&Edkif avmufatmif vdrf,Sufaygif;pkaewwfMuonf/ (Buddhist Philosophy and advanced science can often merge, to the point that they become indistinguishable) ,if;odkYvdrf,Sufaygif;pkaeonfudk

vQyfppfpGrf;tifaygif;pkjzpfwnfrIjzpf&yfESihf qufpyf pl;prf;avhvmae Muaom wuovaumvdyausmi;fom;rsm;ESifh 0g&ihynm&Sioyorm; kd f f f f d H 30 a,mufwEifh twlyg0ifqnf;yl;aeaom Ak'bmomrS0g&ihf bke;f awmf Ykd S pmrsuf E S m 24 ok d Y