1

7
0
10 4

= t
9
0
10
36
1

=
t
c

SCALAR PRODUCT:
u Cos B A B A . .

=
z z y y x X
A a A a A a A + + =

x x
A A a =

0 . . . = = =
z y z x y x
a a a a a a
1 . . . = = =
z z y y x x
a a a a a a
z z y y x x
B A B A B A B A + + =

.

LINE INTEGRAL:
}
=
2
1
p
p
L d F W


SPHERICAL COORDINATES:

| u u
| u u
| u
u
| u u
u
|
| u
d d dr r dv
a d d r s d
a d dr r s d
a d dr r s d
d r a d r a dr a L d
r
r
. . . sin .
. . . sin .
. . . sin .
. . .
. sin . .
2
2
=
=
=
=
+ + =

CYLINDRICAL
COORDINATES:
dz d dr r dv
a dz d r s d
a dz dr s d
a d dr r s d
a dz a d r dr a L d
r
z
z r
. . .
. . .
. .
. . .
. . . .
|
|
|
|
|
|
=
=
=
=
+ + =

VECTOR PRODUCT:
C Sin B A n B A Sin B A n B A

= = = = u u . . . .
y x z x z y z y x
a a a a a a a a a , , = = =
z y x
z y x
z y x
B B B
A A A
a a a
B A

=


Coordinate Transformatons: Rectangular To Cylindrical
z z
r y
Cos r x
=
=
=
|
|
sin .
.

z z
x
y
y x r
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
+ =
arctan
2 2
|
Coordinate Transformatons: Rectangular To Spherical
u
| u
| u
. cos .
sin . sin .
cos . sin .
r z
r y
r x
=
=
=

|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
=
+ + =
x
y
z y x
z
z y x r
arctan
arccos
2 2 2
2 2 2
|
u
COULOMBS LAW:
R
a
R
Q Q
F
. . . 4
.
2
2 1
c t
=

2
Q
F
E

=
R
a
R
dQ
E d
. . . 4
2
0
} }
=
c t

DIVERGENCE THEOREM:
} }
V =
vol s
dv D s d D . . .

, =
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
= V
z
D
y
D
x
D
D
z
y
x

( ) ( )
| u
u
u u
|
u
=
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
= V
D
r
D
r
D r
r r
D
r
sin
1
sin
sin
1 1
2
2

( )
|
|
=
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
= V
z r
D
z
D
r
D r
r r
D
1
.
1

Elecric Flux Density: E D

. c = , Elecric Flux:
}}
= = Q s d D

.

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS:
s
Dn Dn
Et Et
=
=
2 1
2 1

GAUSSS THEOREM:
} }
= =
vol
inside
s
Q dv ds D . .

GAUSSS LAW FOR MAG. FIELD

}
= V = 0 . , 0 . B s d B

ELECTRIC POTENTIAL:
}
=
b
a
L d E V

. , V E V =
z
a
y
a
x
a
z y x
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
= V
| u u
| u
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
= V
sin
1

1

r
a
r
a
r
a
r


z
a
r
a
r
a
z r
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
= V
1

|
|

POISSONS EQUATION:
c

= V V
2

LAPLACES EQUATION: 0
2
= V V ,
KIRCHHOFFS CURRENT LAW: 0 . = V J

OHMS LAW AT A POINT:
E J

. o =

STOKES THEOREM: ( ) s d H L d H
S
} }
V =

.

BIOT-SAVART LAW:

}

=
2
. . 4

R
a L d
I H
R
t

ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE:

( ) s d
dt
B d
L d B v emf
L

}} }
= =u

AMPERES LAW:
} }
= =
s
s d J L d H I


. .
MAGNETIC FORCE:
( )L B I F .

=
( )
}}

=
2 1
2
2 1
2 1
0
21

4
C C
R
R
a L d L d
I I F

t

MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY: H B
r

. .
0
=

MAGNETIC FLUX:
}}
= s d H
m

. .
VECTOR MAGNETIC POTENTIAL:
CURL: 0 , = V = V E J H


2
A B

V =
( )
}
' ' '
=
V S L
R
v d s d L d z y x I
A
, ,
0
, , , ,
4

( ) { }
jwt
S
e X t x = Re
Xs is a phasor
|
e
=
P
v ,

t
|
2
=
MAXWELLS EQUATION:
A-INTEGRAL FORM: B. POINT FORM
0 .
.
.
.
=
=
c
c
+ =
c
c
=
}
} }
} }
} }
S
s vol
v
S
S
s d B
dv s d D
s d
t
D
I L d H
s d
t
B
L d E

0 = V
= V
c
c
+ = V
c
c
= V
B
D
t
D
J H
t
B
E
V

C-PHASOR FORM: (source free region)
0 , 0 = = J

)

0
0
= V
= V
= V
= V
S
S
S S
S S
H
E
E j H
H j E

ec
e

LOSSY MEDIUM:
c
c
c

q
c
c
c e c c c
'
' '

'
= =
'
' '
' = ' ' ' =
j
j
k j
1
1
1


2 1
2
2 1
2
1 1
2
1 1
2
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
'
' '
+
'
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|
'
' '
+
'
=
c
c c
e |
c
c c
e o


GOOD DIELECTRIC
e
o
c = ' ' ,
c
o
o
'
=
2
, c e | ' = . ,
|
.
|

\
|
'
+
'
=
c e
o
c

q
2
1 j
,
o
o
1
=
FREE SPACE:
0 0 0
c e = k ,

t 2
0
= k ,
f
c
= ,
0
0
c

q =
GOOD CONDUCTOR: o t | o . . . f = =
( ) ( )
o
o
o
t
o
e
q j
f
j
j
+ = + = = 1
. .
1
. .
,

o
o
1
=
LOSSLESS MEDIUM
r r
k k c c e
0
= =
Normal incidence
Ref. coeff., Trans. Coeff.
1 2
1 2
10
10
q q
q q
+

= = I
+

x
x
E
E
, I + =
+
= =
+
+
1
2
1 2
2
10
20
q q
q
t
x
x
E
E


| o j jk + = ,
r
c c c
0
= ,
r

0
= ,
c

q =

POYNTING VECTOR and time average power density
H E P

= , { }
-
=
s s av
H E P

Re
2
1



STANDING WAVE RATIO:
( )
( ) I
I +
= =
1
1
min 2
max 1
E
E
s
av inc av ref
P P
,
2
,
I = , ( )
av inc av tran
P P
,
2
,
1 I =
r k j
s
e E r E

. .
0
) (

=
, z k y k x k k
z y x
+ + =

, z z y y x x r + + =

SNELLS LAWS
t
t
i
i
k k u u sin sin = ,
r i t i
n n u u u u = = , sin sin
2 1

BREWSTER ANGLE:
1
2 1
11
tan
c
c
u

=
B

Critical Angle:
c i c
u u
c
c
u )) = , sin
1
2
for total
reflection
Paralel Polarization
i t
i t
u q u q
u q u q
cos cos
cos cos
1 2
1 2
+

= I ,
i t
i
u q u q
u q
t
cos cos
cos 2
1 2
2
+
=
Perpendicular polarization:
t i
t i
u q u q
u q u q
cos cos
cos cos
1 2
1 2
+

= I ,
t i
i
u q u q
u q
t
cos cos
cos 2
1 2
2
+
=

3