Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I. Computer Graphics:
Example:
u 1 0
A 1
u 2 0 1
u1 u1
u u .
2
2
1
, L
3
1
3
, L
2
6
2
.
2, 6
1, 4
3, 1
3, 1
1, 4
2, 6
2. Reflection with respect to y x :
L : R 2 R 2 , L
u1
u
2
u 0 1 u1 u 2
A 1
.
u2 1 0 u2 u1
1
L
4
, L
3
1
1
, L
6
.
2
6
2, 6
1, 4
3, 1
4, 1
1, 3
6, 2
3. Rotation:
u
u cos sin u1
L : R 2 R 2 , L 1 A 1
u 2 sin cos u2
u2
For example, as ,
sin 0
2
2
A
sin 2 cos 2 1
cos
1
0
0
0
1
L
0
1
0
0
0
0 0 , .
1
0
1
0
0 1 ,
1
0
1
1
1 1 .
and
1
L
1
0, 1
1, 1
0, 0
1, 1
1, 0
u1 ku2
, k R.
u2
For example, as k 2 ,
u
L 1
u2
u1 2u2
u2
Thus, the shear for the rectangle with vertices 0, 0 , 0, 2 , 4, 0 , 4, 2 in the xdirection is
0
L
0
0 0
, L
0 2
4 4
, L
2 0
4 4
, L
0 2
8
.
4, 2
0, 2
0, 0
8, 2
4, 0
II. Cryptography:
Suppose we want to send the following message to our friend,
MEET TOMORROW.
For the security, we first code the alphabet as follows:
A
24
25
26
MEET TOMORROW
M
13
E
5
E
5
T
20
T
20
O
15
M
13
O
15
R
18
R
18
O
15
W
23
The sequence
13 5 5 20 20 15 13 15 18 18 15 23
is the original code message. To encrypt the original code message, we can apply a
linear transformation to original code message. Let
L : R 3 R 3 , L x Ax,
where
1
A 1
0
2
1
1
2 .
2
13 20 13 18
5 , 20 , 15 , 15
,
5 15 18 23
and use the linear transformation to obtain the encrypted code message
13
L 5
5
13
1
A 5 1
0
5
2
1
1
3
2
2
13
38
5 28
,
15
5
20
1
A 20 1
15
0
2
1
1
3
2
2
20
105
20 70
15
50
13
1
A 15 1
0
18
2
1
1
3
2
2
13
97
15 64
,
51
18
18
1
A 15 1
0
23
2
1
1
3
2
2
18
117
15 79
.
61
23
20
L 20
15
13
L 15
18
and
18
L 15
23
1
1
0
2
1
1
3
2
2
0
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
and then
38
0
A 28 2
15
1
1
2
105
0
A 70 2
50
1
1
2
97
0
A 64 2
51
1
1
2
and
1
1
1
38
13
28 5
,
15
5
1
1
1
105
20
70 20
,
50
15
1
1
1
97
13
64 15
51
18
117
0
A 79 2
61
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
117
18
79 15
61
23
13 5 5 20 20 15 13 15 18 18 15 23
via the inverse matrix of A.
Similarly, if we receive the following message code from our friend
77 54 38 71 49 29 68 51 33 76 48 40 86 53 52
and we know the message from our friend transformed by the same linear
transformation
1
L : R R , L x Ax 1
0
3
2
1
3
2 x.
2
,
38 29 33 40 52
A 54 2
38
1
1
2
71
0
A 49 2
29
1
1
2
68
0
A 51 2
33
1
1
2
76
0
A 48 2
40
1
1
2
86
0
A 53 2
52
1
1
2
1
1
1
77
16
54 8
,
38
15
1
1
1
71
20
49 15
,
29
7
1
1
1
68
18
51 1
,
33
16
1
1
1
76
8
48 16
,
40
12
1
1
1
86
1
53 14
.
52
19
and
1
16
16
12
14
19
PHOTOGRAPH PLANS