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okwwivnf;- pGrufz,tjcif;t&mtm; jzihf f G f J G f wnfaomw&m; (cEmig;yg;) vdkcsif wyfruf rIudk y,fowf&eftusOf;tm;jzihf a[mMum; rnfomjzpfayonf/ cE0*oH,kwf? t&[E0*fvmokwf (8) okw\t"dym,ftcsKyukd a&S;OD;pGm a&;om; f f azmfxkwfjcif;jzpfonf/ ,ck- tewe,okwukd qufygrnf/ d f Ak'bk&m;// &[ef;? tMuifoabmw&m;onf udk,fydkifr[kwf/ xdu,yiOpmr[kwaom oabm k kd f kd f f w&m; oifonf vdkcsifrIudk y,f& rnf/}} owr&[ef;/ / ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;(u) ]]kyonf- ]ud,yif Opm} r[kw/ f k f kd f wynhfawmfonf xdkudk,fydkifOpm r[kwfaomkyf ]vdkcsifrI} udk y,fygrnf/ (c) ]a0'em} onf ]udk,fydkifOpm} r[kw/ f wynhfawmfonf xdkudk,fykdifOpm r[kwfaom a0'em ]vdkcsifrI} udk y,fygrnf/ (*) ]onm} onf ]ud k , f y d k i f O p m r[kw/ f wynhfawmfonf xdkudk,fydkifOpm r[kwfaom onm ]vdkcsifrI} udk y,fygrnf/ (C) ]ocFg&} onf ]udk,fydkifOpm}

r[kw/ f wynhfawmfonf xdkudk,fydkifOpm r[kwfaom ocFg& ]]vdkcsifrI}} udk y,fygrnf/ (i) ]0dnmOf} onf ]udk,fydkifOpm} r[kw/ f wynhawmfonf xdu,yiOpmr[kwf f k kd f kd f aom 0dnmOf ]vdkcsifrI} udk y,fygrnf/ tusOf;csKyfaomf- uJhodkY tusOf; a[monfudk tus,fodjrifaom &[ef;onf um; Ak'bk&m;u om"kac: aumif;csD;ay; awmfrlyg\/ () 8/ &Zed , o@d w ok w f Ak'bk&m;// ]]&[ef;? tMuifoabmw&m;onf pGrufz,tjcif;t&mtm;jzihwnf\/ xkpruf J G f f d JG zG,f tjcm;t&mtm;jzihf wnfaomw&m; oifonf vdkcsifrIudk y,f&rnf/ t|r&[ef;/ / ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;(u) ]kyf} onf ]pGJrufzG,f} tjcif; t&mtm;jzihf wnf\/ wynhawmfonf xdprufz,tjcif; f k JG G f t&mtm;jzihwnfaomky ]vdcsir}I udk y,f& f f k f ygrnf/ (c) ]a0'em} onf ]pGJrufzG,ftjcif; t&m} tm;jzihfwnf\/ wynhawmfonf xdprufz,tjcif; f k JG G f

FORE ARTICLES
"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smufonf/ t&mtm;jzihfwnfaom a0'em ]vdkcsifrI} udk y,f&ygrnf/ (*) ]onm} onf ]pGJrufzG,ftjcif; t&m} tm;jzihf wnf\/ wynhawmfonf xdprufz,tjcif; f k JG G f t&mtm;jzihfwnfaom onm ]vdkcsifrI} udk y,f&ygrnf/ (C) ]ocFg&} onf- ]pGrufz,tjcif; J G f t&m} tm;jzihfwnf\/ wynhawmfonf xdprufz,tjcif; f k JG G f t&mtm;jzihfwnfaom ocFg& ]vdkcsifrI} ukd y,f&ygrnf/ (i) ]0dnmOf} onf ]pGrufz,}f tjcif; J G t&mtm;jzihf wnf\/ wynhawmfonf xdprufz,tjcif; f k JG G f t&mtm;jzihfwnfaom0dnmOf ]vdkcsifrI} udk y,f&ygrnf/ (P) w&m;a'oemawmf r sm;ud k Ak ' bk&m; om0wdjynfrGef? aZw0efausmif;awmf oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrlpOf..&[ef;&Spfyg;wdkYu toD;oD; ]]w&m;tusO;f udk a[mawmfrygbk&m;}} l [k awmif;yefavQmufxm;MuaomaMumihf a[m Mum;ay;awmfrlaom a'oemawmfrsm;jzpfav onf/ vljzpf vlYpnf;pdrfcHpm;jcif;? ewf jzpf ewfpnf;pdrfawG cHpm;jcif;? jA[mrif;BuD; jzpfae jA[mhjynfpnf;pdrfrsm;udk cHpm;jcif;wdkY jzihf aeMujim;aomfvnf; cEm&SdvQif qif;&JrS rvGwfay/ cEmig;yg;tpHk&Sdaom ya0g[m& (26) bHkom;rsm;emrfcEm (4) yg;om&Sdaom tlyjA[m pwka0gum&bHkom;rsm;? kyfcEm (1) yg;om&Sdaom {ua0g[m& tonowf jA[mbHom;rsm; b,fbom;yifjzpfap cEm&Syg k kH d u 'kuESihfBuHKaeMu&onfomjzpfonf/ qif;&Jjcif;&Sdaom cEm ]]vdkcsifrI}} udk y,fowfEdkifygrS qif;&J'ku[lorQ csKyfNidrf; &m oEdokcedAmefodkY rsufarSmufjyKEdkifMurnf jzpfygownf;/ earmor m or K ' rH k & G m aeZm

Ak'*wum D d
q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;)
y Oygoum 0w K
Ak ' & S i f a wmf j rwf o nf om0w d j ynf aZw0ef a usmif ; awmf aeawmf r l a omtcg ig;yg;oDvukd wpfyg;pDxe;f Muukeaom Oygoumig;a,mufwonf ygPmwdygwm a0&rPdonf d f Ydk cJ , Of ; \/ t'd E m 'gem a0&rPd o nf cJ , Of ; \ ponf j zif h j iif ; ck H M u jrwf p G m bk & m;xH avQmufxm;Muavaomf ig;yg;vkH;yif cJ,Of;onf[k rdefYawmfrl ]]a,m ygPrwd ygawwd}} paom okH;*gxmukd a[mawmfrlonf/ ol&mar&,yge? a,m yg&mrPdygawwd? a,m ea&m tEk,kwd/ rkom0g' bmowd? a"0 araom avmuod H? avmau t'dErm'd,wd? rlvH cPwd twaem/ y&'g& *pwd/ jref r muAsm rl;a0arhysuf ao&ufol&m? olUtoufowfjim; rkom;vnf;qkd? aomufvm;pm;vm; tm;xm;cgcg? ckd;0Suf,lxm; olrsm;[mukd? xkdvlAmv avmurSm? tMuifvlom; olYr,m;ukd? ukokdvfjrpf wl;jypfNzdKcGif;wm/ oGm;vmrsm; vkdufpm;aeonfqkd/
Whose in this world destroys life; tell lies, takes what is not given, goes to others' wives, and the man who is addicted to intoxicating drinks, such a one digs up his own root in this very world.

pum;ajy/ / avmu tMuifolonf olwpfyg;toufukd vsifpGmcsowf\/ vdrf0g pum;ajy nmjzef;aompum;ukvnf;ajymqk\/ t&Siray;aom olwpfyg;Opmukvnf; ck;d ,l\/ olwpfyg; d d f d om;r,m;ukdvnf; oGm;vmvGefusL;\/ xkdYjyif tMuifolonf rl;a0arhysuf aot&ufukdvnf; aomuf a vh & S d \ / uJ h o k d Y a om vl w pf a ,muf o nf vl Y j ynf a vmuyif v Qif rd r d \ ukokdvftjrpfukd wl;NzdKzsufqD;\/ {0H abm yk&do Zmem[d? ygy"rm tonwm? rmwH avmabm t"armp? pd&H 'kum, &E,kH/ jref r muAsm tkdwJha,musfm; odxm;ESifhyg? w&m;,kwfBuD; rapmifhpnf;wm? ukd,fhukd,fukdy avmba'gom? &SnfpGmyJ qif;&Jrzsuf&m/
Know thus, O good man! " Not easy of restraint are evil things." Let not greed and wickedness drag you to protracted misery.

pum;ajy/ / tkd a,musfm;.. okdYodxm;ygavmh/ ,kwfrmaomw&m;wkdYonf apmifhpnf; pum;ajy &efrvG,vyg/ avmb a'gowkonf rdru,uMdk umjrifpm qif;&Jjcif;iSm rjzpfygapESi/ (oiftm; f S Yd d dk f h G hf h qif;&J'kuukd apmifha&Smuf&ef rqGJiif ygapESifh)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

tjrwfqkH;"r'geqkdwm
&S i f P (zsmyk H ) jzpfaom okwf? 0denf;? tbd"rmw&m; a'o emw&m;awmf wpf c k c k u d k w&m;a[mol u ]tmrdoylZm} cH,ljcif;rjyKyJ? a[mMum;vSL'gef; jcif;onf "r'gew&m;tvSLay;jcif;rnfay\/ "r'ge w&m;tvSLawmf jrwfpm G bk&m;\ w&m;awmfu vSLzG,f0wK? w&m;em olrsm;u tvSLcHyk*dKvf? tvSLay;olu w&m; a[mq&mjzpf\/ (2) "r m H k - "r ' ge "rmHk- "r'geqdkonfrSm tbd"r a'oemtvd k t &? 'geajcmuf y g;&S d a y&m xd k a jcmuf y g;wG i f yg0if a om "r ' get& tmHkajcmufyg; yg0ifonhf "rmHkudkom t& aumuf,l&ayonf/ "rmHkqdkonfrSm tqif;? toH? teHY? t&om? tawGUtxdr[kwf? pdwf oufoufjzihfom awG;awmqifjcif od&Sd& aom tmHkpkudk aygif;pnf;odrf;Hk;NyD; "rmHk [k ac:qdk\/ ,if;"rmHk\ oabmobm0 (1) yom'k y f w &m;ig;yg; (2) ok c k r k y f w &m; wpfq,hfajcmufyg; (3) pdwfw&m; &Spfq,hfudk; yg; (4) apwodufw&m; ig;q,hfESpfyg; (5) edAmef? (6) ynwfw&m;tm;jzihf w&m;tpktzGUJ ajcmufpk&Sd\/ xdkajcmufpkaom w&m;onf? "rmHk-"r[k qdk&aomfvnf; y&d,wd"ruJhodkY jrwfaomteufa[m "rw&m;r[kwf? e*dk&f&Sd &if;pGJ obm0udkac:qdkonhf obm0"rw&m; omjzpf\/ obm0"roabmESitnD "rmH"r fh k 'ge- tvSLay;yHay;enf;rSm? rsupreaeoltm; k f d I f aiGaMu;tukeftuscHNyD; aq;0gukoay;jcif;? em;xdi;f aeoltm; em;jyefvnfMum;atmif uko k ay;jcif;? olwpfyg;wdkYtm; touf&Snfatmif aq;0g;uk o ay;jcif ; paomtvS L 'geonf "rmHk-"r'geyifjzpfayonf/ "rmHk "r'ge=tvSLawmf? aiGaMu; pGevwvLS 'gef;ol (odr[kw) ud,wiaiGaMu; Yf T f Yk f k f kd f ud k pG e f Y v S L um uk o ay;ol - a'guf w mES i h f wdi;f &if;orm;awmfBu;D rsm;u tvSL&Si?f aq;0g; k ypnf;u vSLzG,f0wK/ a&m*ga0'emrsm;u tvSLcHyk*dKvfjzpfayonf/ (3) "r y l Z m"r ' ge "rylZm"r'ge= y&d,wdw&m;awmf tm; &nfe;f vSLzG,0wKwukd vSL'gef;ylaZmf T f Ykd jcif;onf "ryZm"r'geyifjzpfayonf/ ae&m l jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh wynhfom;oHCmwdkYonf tvSLcHjzpfouJo?Ykd jrwfpmbk&m;a[mMum;aom h G "r-y&d,wdw&m;awmfonfvnf; tvSLcHjzpf &ayrnf/ w&m;awmftvSLcHjzpfxkdufyHkrSmjrwfpGmbk&m; om0wdjynf aZw0ef ausmif;awmf oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrlpOf o'g w&m;ESifhjynhfpHkaom ol<u,fwpfOD;onf? ]]ig onf jrwfpGmbk&m;tm;vnf;aumif;? oHCm awmftm;vnf;aumif;? qGrf;cJzG,fabmZOf? ouFe;f ? ausmif;? aq;- ponfwukd rjywfyaZmf Ykd l vSL'gef;&\/ w&m;awmfjrwfuum; wpfBurf kd d wpfcgrQ rvSL'gef;&zl;ao;? w&m;awmfjrwftm; vnf; vSL'gef;aytHh}} [k BuHpnfNyD;aemuf jrwf p G m bk & m;oG m ;a&muf a vQmuf x m;&m? jrwfpmbk&m;u ]]w&m;awmftm; vSL'gef;ylaZmf G vdku w&m;awmfudk tm*Hkaqmifaom&[ef; tm;- ol \ oE m ef ud e f ; 0yf w nf a eaom w&m;udk &nfre;f um? qGr;f -ouFe;f ponfwukd S Ykd vSL'gef;acs}} [k rdefYMum;awmfrlvkduf\/ 'umol<u,fu ]]tb,f&[ef;onf w&m;ud k a qmif y govJ jrwf p G m bk & m;../}} avQmuf x m;jyef a v&m jrwf p G m bk & m;u ]]'g,umol<u,f..oHCmudkar;av}} [k rdefY Mum;ojzihf ol<u,fonf oHCmawmfwdkYtm; ar;jref;av&m? oHCmawmf\TeMf um;csut& f t&SiftmeEmrax&ftm; vSL'gef;&efyihfzdwfNyD;? t&SitmeEmrax&f\oEmef ude;f 0yfaeaom f w&m;awmfudk &nfrSef; vSL'gef;ylaZmfawmfrl vku\/ (13-ckajrmuf? yudPuedygwf? odum d f y&Hy&Zmwfed'gef;/) "r y l Z m"r ' gew&m;awmf u d k tmrdo-yp,wdkYjzihf vSL'gef;ylaZmfaomtvSL awmf- 'g,umol<u,fu tvSLay;yk*dKvf? qGrf;ouFef;ponfwdkYu vSLzG,f0wK? t&Sif tmeEmrax&f\ oEmefrSmudef;0yfaeaom w&m;awmfwdkYu tvSLcHjzpfaeonf/ xdk oabmudkaumuf,lNyD; ,aeYcwfumv "r ylZm "r'geudtaMumif;jyvsuf tvSLcH0orsm; k hH l &SdvmMujcif;jzpf\/ pmrsufESm 9 okdY

,aeY rdrdwdkYjrefrmEdkifiHwGif ]w&m; tvSLay;aom txl;w&m;yG}J } rsm; acwfpm;vm Muonf/ w&m;tvSLcHrnhfy&dowfuvnf; r&Sm;? zsmyHkNrdKUay:rSm usif;yaom w&m;tvSL ay;yGJudk? tvSLcH,l&ef bdkuav;? a';'&J? usKd uvwfNrKd Ursm;ESifh aus;vufa'orS y&dowf f rsm; um;Bu;D um;i,ftoG,o,jf zihf vma&muf f G MuNyD; w&m;tvSLcH,laeMu&m? 0rf;ajrmuf0rf; om yDwdjzm&\/ odkY&mwGif ,aeYacwfpm;aeaom w&m;tvSLay;yGJrsm;onf? w&m;tvSLay;rnhf w&m;a[mq&mtm; vSL'gef;&ef yifrtvSLaiG ya'omyif oH;k ode;f ? ig;ode;f ? q,foe;f ponf d jzihf rwnfay;Mu&Ny;D ? w&m;tvSLcHrnhf y&dowf wdkY\xHrSvnf; tvSLaiGaumufcHum w&m; a[mq&mudk vSL'gef;Mu&aMumif; ajymqdorsm; k H Mum;odvm&\/ xdktcg ]"r'getxl;w&m;yGJ} rsm;\ "r'ge= w&m;tvSLay;enf;rSm? ]]tvHk;pHkaom tvSLwdkYwGif w&m;tvSLay;jcif;onf? tjrwf qHk;}} [k jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;cJhaom "r'ge yifjzpfavrnfavm[lonhtawG;jzihf q&mawmf f t&Si0pwom&mbd0o (wdy#u"& "rb@m f d d H d *g&du) \ r[mAk'0if tEl'DyeDusrf;- zGifhqdk jytyfaom "r'geESiywfoufonhf taMumif; hf udk qnf;yl;avhvm&m "r'geoHk;rsdK;oHk;pm; &Sd aMumif; od&Sd&ayonf/ pifppf "r'geonf (1) "r'ge? (2) "rmH'ge? (3) "ryZm"r'ge qdNk y;D "r'geoH;k yg; k l yif &Sdae\/ xdk"r'geoHk;yg;wdkYwGif.../ (1) "r ' ge "r'ge= w&m;tvSLay;jcif;-jzpf\/ w&m;tvSLay;enf;rSm? jrwfpmbk&m;tqH;k tr G

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;udk jyqkdonf/

Ak'a*gwr\ pMu0Vm(urm)tjrif
wu o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r m p&d , ? B.A)

(x)udk a&SU-aemuf-awmif-ajrmuf Xmeav;&yfMuufajccwf MunhfIygu (0)vHk;rsm; yl;,SOfqufpyfaeonfudk awGU&onf [kqygonf/ kd wpf z ef vuF m u aA'if t aMumif ; ES i h f aygif ; vd k u f y g? prme0tif;rSm awGUatmif&Sm? [laom pum;t& prge0tif;udkcsNyD; (0) av;vHk;udk&Sm &onf[kqdkygonf/ 123 456 789 tif;udk 0-(4)vHk;&atmif&Smenf; rSm 1+9 =10 (axmihfjzwfwpfck (0)wpfvHk;) 3+7 =10 (axmihfjzwfwpfck (0) wpfvHk;) 2+8 =10 (axmihfjzwfwpfck (0) wpfvHk;) 4+6 =10 (axmihfjzwfwpfck (0) wpfvHk;) enf;wGif (10) (1) udk acs (0) &jcif;jzpfygonf/ ,if;udkjrefrmt*d,odyHynmenf;pepft& emrf"mwfowf aq;tjzpf x m;NyD ; tv,f r S (5)ud k k y f " mwf w nf ; [l a om jy'g; (odkYr[kwf) rdrdESpfouf&m a&T-abmfponfwdkYudkxm; owfEkdifonf[k qdygonf/ k 0 av;axmihfESihfawGUatmifaumuf/ qdkaom vuFmt& prge0tif; aumufvkdufaomtcg tm,kcwf e0if;owf (udk;e0if;)enf;pepf(0) av;vHk;owfaq;enf; azmfxGufvmonf[k qdkygonf/ 0av;vHk; emrf"mwfaq; 1/ qm;pdrf; 1 rwf 2/ ,rf; i rwf 3/ pdef 3 rwf 4/ aq;'gef 7 rwf 5/ uefY 2 rwf 6/ [if;dkif; 8 rwf 7/ vufcsm; 4 rwf 8/ Z0ufom 6 rwf (5) kyf"mwfaq; 9/ jy'g;^a&T^abmf-5 rwfom; ,if ; (0)av;vH k ; emrf " mwf a q;ES i h f k y f " mwf a q;wd k Y u d k aygif;kef;onf&Sdaomf 45 rwfom;&&Sdojzihf e0if;"mwfouftm,kcuf

(udk;e0if;aq;)jzpfvmonf[kqdkygonf/ t*F0Zme0if; d t*Fg0dZm e0if;qdonfrm we*FaEG wevFmpaom eHN*Kd [w\ k S f Ykd twGJrsm;udkac:yg onf/ (u) eH N *d K [f w d k Y \ (5)ck ajrmuf (Mumoyaw;eH ) ud k yyGwf[kac: av;ck ajrmuf (Ak'[l;eH)udk (pwk&ef;)N*dK[feHwdkY[kac: onf/ (c) av;ckajrmuf(Ak'[l;eH)(pwk&ef;)ESihf ig;ckajrmuf(Mumoy aw;)(yyGwf)wdkYudk e0if;wGJN*dK[fudef;(*Pef;)rsm;[k owfrSwfxm; Muygonf/ eH N *d K [f t oD ; oD ; wd k Y \ t&yf t wnf w d k Y u d k t*F 0 d Z m c,m;aZmufenf;jzihf wdkif;xlMunhfygu ,if;eHN*dK[ftoD;oD;wdkY\ yyGwfESihf pwk&ef;e0if;wGJrsm;udk od&SdEkdifonf[k qdkygonf/ yyGwfrSm udef;*Pef;(5) jzpf pwk&ef;rSm udef;*Pef;(4) [k owfrSwfxm; ,if;(2) &yfacgif;u (5+4=9)e0if;&ygonf/ txufyg Z,m;wGif eHN*dK[fudef; *Pef;ESihf yyGwfudef; N*Kd [ue;f *Pef;rsm;onf t*F0Zme0if;wGrsm;jzpfonf[qygonf/ ,if; f d d J k kd eHN*dK[ftvdkuf e0if;wGJrsm;teuf we*FaEG N*dK[fpwk&ef;ESihf yyGwf (2)&yfaygif;udef; &v'f onf (9) *Pef;jzpfonfrS ty usef eHN*dK[f udef;*Pef;rsm;rSm e0if;wGJ(9)*Pef;rjzpfonf udk awGU&ygrnf/ 1/ we*FaEGN*dK[f\ pwk&ef;ESihf yyGwfaygif; rsm; 4+5 = 9 2/ wevFmN*dK[f\ pwk&ef;ESihf yyGwfaygif; rSm 5+6 =11 3/ t*FgN*dK[f\ pwk&ef;ESihf yyGwfaygif;rSm 6+7=13 4/ Ak'[l;N*dK[f\ pwk&ef;ESihf yyGwfaygif;rSm 7+1=8 5/ Mumoyaw;N*dK[f\ pwk&ef;ESihf yyGwf aygif;rSm 1+2=3 6/ aomMumN*dK[f\ pwk&ef;ESihf yyGwfaygif; rSm 2+3=5 7/ paeN*dK[f\ pwk&ef;ESihf yyGwfaygif;rSm 3+4 =7 pwk&ef; yyGwfe0if;wGJ t*F 0 d Z m ynmtvd k t & eH N *d K [f wpf c k \ av;ck a jrmuf pwk&ef;ESihf ig;ckajrmuf yyGwfaygif;v'fudef;*Pef;rsm;onf oufqdkif &m eHN*dK[f\ e0if;wGJyifjzpfonf/ e0if;a0'rlvblwtvdkt&rl udef;*Pef;omvQif e0if; jzpfonf[k aumufcsuf,lMuygonf/ xdkYaMumihf ,if;(9)*Pef;udkom (udk;e0if;)[k ynmtac:ta0:tm;jzihf orkwfMujcif;jzpfygonf/ aeYeHtvfdkuf pwk&ef;ESihf yyGwf e0if;wGJrsm; 1/ we*FaEG\ e0if;wGJ Ak'[l; 4+ Mumoyaw; 5 2/ wevFm\ e0if;wGJ Mumoyaw; 5+ aom Mum 6 3/ t*Fg\ e0if;wGJ aomMum 6+pae 7 4/ Ak'[l;\ e0if;wGJ pae 7+we*FaEG 1 5/ Mumoyaw;N*dK[f\ pwk&*ef;ESihf yyGwf aygif;rSm 1+2 =3 6/ aomMumN*dK[f\ pwk&ef;ESihf yyGwfaygif; rSm 2+3 =5 7/ paeN*dK[f\ pwk&ef;ESihf yyGwfaygif;rSm 3+4=7 pwk&ef; yyGwfe0if;wGJ t*F0dZm ynmtvdkt& eHN*dK[f wpfck \ av;ckajrmuf pwk&ef;ESifh ig;ckajrmuf y yGwaygif; vm'fue;f *Pef;rsm;onf oufqif f d kd &m eHN*dK[f\ e0if;wGJyifjzpfonf/ e0if;a0' rlv blw tvdkt&rl udef; *Pef;rsm;omvQif pmrsufESm 9 okdY

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf pdwfESvHk;ESifhb0udk Nidrf;csrf;aponf/

em;cdk&m
r[mcE D (&ef u k e f a qmif ) y&d , w d o moewu o d k v f (&ef u k e f ) udk;uG,f&mrnf\/ em;cdk&mrnf\/ wenf;qdk&aomf bk&m;&wemonf ow0gwdtm; aumif;usKd ;jzpfapjcif;? raumif; Yk rIwdkYrS wm;jrpfjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? w&m; &wemonf oHo&ma&tvsOfrS u,fwifjcif;? ouf o m&mouf o maMumif ; jzpf a pjcif ; wd k Y aMumifvnf;aumif;? oHCm&wemonf tenf; h i,faom ukodkvfaumif;rIudkyif tusdK;BuD;rm; apjcif;? ow0gwdkYtay: usa&mufrnhf ab; tE&m,fwdkYudk umuG,fwm;qDwwfjcif;wdkY aMumifvnf;aumif; o&Prnf\/ ud;k uG,&m h f rnf\/ em;cdk&mrnf\/ xdk&wemoHk;yg;wdkY MunfndKjcif;? tav;jyKjcif;? vJavsmif;&m&Sdjcif; &Sdonf\ tjzpf[laom pdwfapwemonf o&P*Hkrnf \/ 'DaeYacwf o&P*Haqmufwnf&mwGif ]]Ak'H k o&PH *pmrd}} ponfjzihf &GwfqdkMu\/ xdkodkY &GwqaMumif;pdwonf ud;k uG,aMumif;? qnf; f kd f f uyfaMumi;fudk odapaMumif;pdwfwnf;/ xdkpdwf onf o&P*Hrnf\/ oDvay;&m0,f ]]wwd, k rd oHCHo&PH*pmrd}} tqHk; oDvay;aom yk*Kd vu ]]o&P *reH y&dyP}H } oifrm o&P f k h S *Hk jynhpkNH y?D bk&m;? w&m;? oHCmoH;k yg;vH;k twGuf f udk;uG,f&m[k qnf;uyfaMumif; pdwfoHk;rsdK;vHk; jynhpNkH y[aom t"dym,fjzihf &Gwqjkd cif;jzpf\/ f D l f o&PH * H k t a&;BuD ; yH k o&P*H k o nf Ak ' b momwG i f t"duae&mrS yg0ifonftwGuf ukovaumif; h kd f rIwpfcjk yKwi;f o&P*Hukd a&S;OD;pGmaqmufwnf kd k ap&ef a&S;q&mjrwfwdkY pDpOfcJhMu\/ tvSLwpf ckjyKvkyfvQif oDvt&ifcH,lMu\/ oDv,l&m wGif o&P*Hkukd a&S;OD;pGmaqmufwnfap\/ onfuyif o&P*Hkonf rnfrQta&;yg aMumif; odomxif&m;aomjzpf&yfyif/ o&P*Hk S Nrrom aqmufwnfxm;aomoDvonf jzLpif J S ayrnf/ oDvjzLpifrS jyKvyaomukovaumif; k f kd f rIonf tusdK;BuD;rm;ayrnf/ jzLpifatmif avQmfzGwfxm;aom t0wfay:wGif aq;a&mif qd;k vQif aq;a&mifaumif;aumif; pGxifouJoYkd J h yifjzpfonf/

Ak'bmom0ifwpfa,muf[kwfonf? r[kwfonfudk cGJjcm;Edkifaom tcsufonf o& P*Hkwnfjcif;? rwnfjcif;yifjzpf\/ Ak'bmom 0ifaumif; wpfa,muf[kwf? r[kwf? jzpfEdkif? rjzpfEdkif qHk;jzwf&efenf;vrf;onf o&P*Hk NrJ jcif;? rNrJjcif;yifjzpf\/ o&P*HkNrJvQif Ak'bm om0ifaumif;wpfa,mufjzpf? rNrJvQif Ak' bmom0ifaumif;wpfa,mufr[kw?f ta,mif aqmifAk'bmomjzpfayrnf/ bk&m;rSwyg; udk;uG,f&mr&Sd? w&m;rSwyg; udk;uG,f&mr&Sd? oHCmrSwyg; udk;uG,f&mr&Sd[k ,HkMunfrSom Ak'bmom0iftppfjzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh o&P*Hk onf Ak'bmom0ifwdkY\ tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpf ovdk Ak'bmom\ tESpfom&vnf;jzpf\/ rSefygonf? bk&m;&Sifudk MunfndK ud k ; uG , f r S o m xd k b k & m;&S i f a [mMum;aom w&m;awmfudk MunfndKudk;uG,fEdkifrnf/ w&m; awmfukd MunfnKd u;kd uG,rom xdw&m;awmfukd f S k apmifha&Smufxdef;odrf;aeaom oHCmawmfwdkY udk MunfnKd u;kd uG,Eiayrnf/ &wemoH;k yg;tm; f kd f rMunfnKd ruk;d uG,EivQif Ak'bmomr[kwEi/ f kd f f dk f &wemoH k ; yg;tm; Munf n d K ud k ; uG , f E k d i f & ef o&P*HtaMumif;udk odoihygonf/ xdo&P*Hk k f k ESihf qufpyforQ odoihoxuonfwukd wifjy f d dk f Ykd vdygonf/ k o&P*H k r nf j cif ; taMumif ; o&P*Hk[laompum; o&P[l onf bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm[laom &wemoH;k yg; wdkY\ trnfjzpf\/ xdk&wemoHk;yg;wdkYonf ,HMk unfu;kd uG,owtm; 0#fqif;&Jab;? pdwxJ f l Ykd f wGif tvGefxdwfvefYjcif;? udk,fqif;&Jjcif;? 'k* wdbHk qif;&JcHpm;&jcif;? ylavmif&jcif;wdkYudk y,fazsmufay;wwfaomaMumihf o&Prnf\/

o&P*H k E S p f r sd K ; o&P*Hkonf... 1/ avmukw&mo&P*Hk 2/ avmuDo&P*Hk [l ESprsKd ;&S\/ f d xdkwGif avmukw&mo&P*Hkonf op m av;yg;ud k j rif N yD ; aom r*f c P o&P*H k n pf E G r f ; aMumif ; ud a vomwd k Y u d k tNyD;y,fowf\/ rnfonhftcgrS rnpfEGrf; owf awmhay/ rnfonhftcsdefrS rysufawmhay/ t&d , mjzpf o G m ;aomol o nf b0wpf y g; ajymif;oGm;aomfvnf; o&P*Hkrysufawmh/ ;oG o&P*H k z suf z d k Y od M um;rif ; qif ; wm;aomf vnf ; r&awmh / avmuD o &P*H k o nf &wemoH k ; yg;tay: Munf n d K pd w f j zih f tmH k j yKae pOf o&P*H k n pf E G r f ; aMumif ; ud a vomwd k Y rS uif ; \/ & wemoH k ; yg;tay: Munf n d K &wemoH pdwfysufjy,faomtcg o&P*HknpfEGrf;\/ avmuD o &P*H k w G i f &wemoH k ; yg;tay: Munf n d K pd w f j zpf & ef ,H k M unf r I o ' g w&m;? xdko'gw&m;vQif tajccH&Sdaom orm'd|d &Sdjcif;onf vdk&if;jzpf\/ xdko'gw&m;ESifh g;onf orm'd|dESpfyg;onf yknud&d,0wKq,fyg; wGif 'd | d Z k u r yg0if o nf / xdkYjyif... 1/ ,aeYrp wynhawmfonf cEm S f ud,ukd bk&m;&Sitm; tyfEi;f yg\/ w&m;awmf? k f f S oHCmawmfwtm; tyfEi;f yg\[k &wemoH;k yg; Ykd S wdkYtm; rdrdcEmudk,fudk pGefYjcif;o&P*Hk? 2/ ,aeY r S p wynh f a wmf o nf bk&m;? w&m;? oHCmomvQif vJavsmif;&m&Sd yg\[k rSwfawmfrlyg[k &wemoHk;yg;tm; vJ avsmif;&m&Sdjcif;o&P*Hk? 3/ ,aeYrSp wynhfawmfudk bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm\ teD;aewynh[k rSwawmfryg f f l [k wynhfcHjcif;o&P*Hk? 4/ ,aeYrSp wynhfawmfonf &Sdcdk; jcif;? c&D;OD;BudKjcif;? vuftkyfcsDrdk;jcif;? tdk taojyKjcif;wdukd &wemoH;k yg;wdtm;om jyKyg Yk Yk awmhrnf[k &wemoH;k yg;wdtm; rGerejf rwfjrwf Yk f G ysyf0yfrIjyKjcif;o&P*Hk[l avmuDo&P*Hk av;rsdK;&Sd\/ xdko&P*Hkav;rsdK;wdkYwGif wpfyg;yg; jzihf aqmufwnfvQif o&P*HwnfNy;D jzpfawmh k \/ av;rsdK;wdkYwGif a&SUoHk;rsdK;onf rxl;jcm; ay/ av;ckajrmufaomo&P*Hkonf aqGrsdK; jzpfaomaMumifhjzpfap? aMumufaomaMumifh jzpfap? q&mjzpfaomaMumihf jzpfap o&P*Hk aqmufwnfvQif aqmufwnf&mra&muf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf avmuD avmukw&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/ tjrih f j rwf q H k ; ygaywnf ; [k pd w f x m;um aqmuf w nf y grS o&P*H k a qmuf w nf & m a&muf\/ xdkaqmufwnfxm;aom o&P*Hk onfvnf; omoemty &aoh&[ef;wdkYudk aqGrsdK;jzpf &Sdcdk;jcif;? wpfpHkwpfa,muftm; aMumufaomaMumihf &Sdcdk;jcif;? twwfynm wpfrsdK;rsdK;oifay;aomaMumifh wdwdwdkYtm; q&mtrSwfjzihf &Sdcdk;jcif;? vuftkyfcsDjcif;? c&D; OD;BudKjcif;jyKaomfvnf; xdk&Sdcdk;rI? vuftkyfcsDrI? c&D;OD;BuKd ronf rGerejf rwfjrwf&c;kd jcif;? vuftyf I f G dS k csD j cif ; ? c&D ; OD ; Bud K jcif ; r[k w f a omaMumih f o&P*Hkrysufay/ o&P*H k n pf E G r f ; aMumif ; o&P*Hkrysuf&ef ta&;BuD;ovdk? o&P*H k r npf E G r f ; &ef v nf ; vd k t yf y gonf / npfEGrf;aMumif;w&m;wdkYudkvnf; wifjyvdkyg onf/ &wemoHk;yg;wdkY\ *kPfaus;Zl;udk rod jcif;? awGa0rdef;armjcif;? bk&m;[kwfoavm? r[kwfoavm ponfjzihf ,Hrm;oHo,jzpfjcif;? k S bk & m;&S i f \ t&[H p aom *k P f a wmf w d k Y u d k *kPawmfr[kw[k ajymif;jyef,qjcif;? &wem f f l oHk;yg;wdkYtm; rdkao? rav;pm;jcif;wdkYonf pmrsufESm 6 rS trSefrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;tqHk;trjzpf awmfrlaom odumy&Hy&-Zmwfawmft&qdvQif k bk&m;vufxufu w&m;tvH;k pHukd tm*Hraqmif k k Muaom &[Emt&Sijf rwfBu;D rsm;yif w&m;awmf tm; &nfTef;aomtvSLypnf;tm; rcH,lMu/ "rb@m*g&dujzpfaom t&SiftmeEmrax&f ud k o m tvS L cH & ef T e f M um;awmf r l o nf u d k axmufqvQif rsuarSmufcwf yd#uoH;k yHaqmif f k ("rb@m*g&du) q&mawmft&Sifjrwfrsm;om "rylZm"r'geudk cH,lxdkufrnfjzpfayonf/ xdtwl wdy#u"& ("rb@m*g&du) Yk d jzpfawmfrlaom q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; t&Sif 0dpdwom&mbd0Ho zGifhqdkjytyfaom r[mAk' 0if tEl'DyeDusrf;vm (1) "r'ge? (2) "rmHk"r'ge? (3) "rylZm "r'ge oHk;rsdK;wdkYteuf tb,f"r'geonf ]]tvH;k pHaom tvSLwdwif k Yk G w&m;tvSLay;jcif;onf tjrwfq;kH }} [k jrwfpm G rdefYMum;awmfrltyfaomw&m;awmfESifhnDGwf aom "r'gejzpfonf[k Ak'bmom0if pmzwf olrsm;udk,fwdkifyif udk,fydkifPfjzihfqifjcif oHk;oyfqHk;jzwfMuapcsifygonf/ &S i f P (zsmyH k ) usrf ; uk d ; / r[mAk ' 0 if ? tEk ' D y eD u srf ; / rif ; uG e f ; q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; o&P*HnpfEr;f aMumif;wdjYk zpf\/ xdoYkd o&P k G k *HknpfEGrf;vQif tusdK;rBuD;rm;awmh/ o&P*H k y suf a Mumif ; &wemoH;k yg;rSwpfyg; tjcm;olwtm; Ykd cE m tyf E S i f ; ud k ; uG , f v Qif o&P*H k y suf \ / udk;uG,f&mr[kwfonfudk udk;uG,frdvQif ab; jzpfwwf\/ rsufarSmufwrvGef qif;&J&\/ udk;uG,f&mrS ab;jzpf\/ tjypfjzpf\/ b0 wpfyg;ajymif;oGm;vQifvnf; o&P*Hkysuf\/ xdkysufoGm;aom o&P*Hkudk jyefvnfwnfap jcif;iSm aooludk &nfpl; o&P*Hkwif\/ aoolo&P*Hjk yefvnf rwnfawmhay/ xdoYkd k jzpfaomfvnf; usef&pfolrdom;pkwdkY ukodkvf jzpfaomaMumifh o&P*Hkwifjcif; onfvnf; tusdK;&SdonfrSm trSefyif jzpf\/ aovG e f r S o&P*H k w if j cif ; xuf raocif o&P*HkNrJjcif; ydkjzpfoihfygonf/ &wemoHk;yg;&Sdaeaom ae&m t&yf? tcsdef tcgES i f h BuH K Bud K uf a eygvsuf o&P*H k raqmufwnfvQif? aqmufwnfaomf vnf; rNrJvQif 0rf;enf;zG,fjzpfawmh\/ quf v uf w if j yygrnf / r[mcE D (&ef u k e f a qmif ) pmrsufESm 7 rS e0if ; jzpf o nf [ k aumuf , l Muygonf / xdkYaMumihf ,if;(9)*Pef;udkom (udk;e0if;)[k ynmtac:ta0:tm;jzih f ork w f Mujcif;jzpfygonf/ aeYeHtvdkuf pwk&ef;ESihf yyGwfe0if;wGJrsm; 1/ we*FaEGe0if;wGJ Ak'[l; 4+Mumoyaw;= 5 2/ wevFm\ e0if;wGJ Mumoyaw; 5+aom Mum=6 3/ t*Fge0if;wGJ aomMum 6+ pae=7 4/ Ak'[l;\ e0if;wGJ pae 7+we*FaEG =1 5/ Mumoyaw;e0if;wGJ we*FaEG 1+wevFm 2 6/ aomMum\ e0if;wGJ wevFm 2+t*Fg=3 7/ pae\ e0if;wGJ t*Fg 3+Ak'[l; 4 e0if;wGwukd we*FaEGe0if;wGJ Ak' J Ykd [l;(4)ESihf Mumoyaw; (5) udk Mumoyaw; (5)ESihf Ak'[l;(4)[l (5=5+4) ajymif;jyef tjyeftvSefjyKygu eHN*dK[fwpfckvQif e0if;wGJ (2)ckpD&ygrnf/ xdkYaMumihf aeYeHtvdkuf pwk&ef;ESihf yywf e0if;wGaygif; (14)wGJ &&Srnfjzpfygonf/ G J d Bwd&efESihf qyGwfe0if;wGJ Bwd&ef;-qdkonfrSm eHN*dK[fwpfck\

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA TALKS
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13

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DHAMMA TALKS

14

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DHAMMA TALKS
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15

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COVER SPECIAL FEATURE

16
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17

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18

"r0D&onf rsKd;quftwGuf jzpfonf/

odrSwfp&m &[ef;jzpfjcif; Oyor'g (8) rsdK;

cif a rmif r d k ; (awmif B uD ; ) &[ef;jzpfjcif; Oyor'g (8) rsdK;&Sdonfudk ygVdyd#uwfawmf r[m0gygVdawmf? plV0gygVdawmf? ucFgt|uxm? y|ryg&mZduodumyk'f awmfwdkYwGif azmfjya[mMum;awmfrlygonf/ &[ef ; jzpf j cif ; Oyor ' g (8) rsd K ; (1) {[dbduK Oyor'g Ak'jrwfpGmudk,fawmfwdkifu {[dbduKac:awmfrlaomaMumihf &[ef;jzpf&jcif;/ (2) o&P*re Oyor ' g jrwfpmbk&m;onf o&P*Hjk zihf &[ef;tjzpfukd a&S;OD;pGm cGijfh yK G awmfrlonf/ xdkpOftcg o&P*Hkaqmufwnf &[ef;jzpfjcif;/ (3) Mo0g' y#d * [ P Oyor ' g Ak'jrwfpGm\ Mo0g'udkcH,lojzihf &[ef;jzpfjcif;/ (4) yO m Asmu&P Oyor ' g Ak'jrwfpGm\tar;udk ajzqdkEdkifojzihf Ak'\cGihfjyKcsuft& &[ef;jzpfjcif;/ (5) t|*k " r y#d * [ POyor ' g *k"r w&m;&Spyg;udk usio;kH rnf[k cH,ojzihf &[ef;jzpfjcif;/ f fh l rdaxG;awmf a*gwrDESifhwuG omuD0ifrif;orD;ig;&mwdkY\&[ef;jzpfjcif; aywnf;/ (6) 'l a we Oyor ' g bduKoHCm &[ef;cHNyD;aom bduKeDronf bduKoHCm&Sd&m odkY roGm;0HhaomtE&m,f&Sdojzihf tjcm;aombduKeDrudk wrefapvTwf ? xdkwrefrSwqifh bduKoHCmtxH awmif;yefavQmufxm;aomtcg? vGwfajrmufjcif; jzpf\/ ,if;onf jyeftusOf;cH&wwf\/ Pfjzihf vGwajrmufjcif;[lonfrm 0d&m*Pf jzihf vGwfajrmufjcif;jzpfojzihf f S wpfzefjyefvnf tusOf;rcH&awmh[l jzpf\/ jA['wfrif;BuD;tm; w&m;a[mvsufuyif uk'gvy@dw onf **Fgjrpfra&udk tmayguodP;f Iav&m psmeftbdnmOfukd &Ny;D vQif S k aumif ; uif xuf 0 ,f z G J U acG a eawmf r l \ / jA[ ' wf r if ; BuD ; vnf ; b0\om,mzG,f ]]tm'}} rom,mzG,f ]]tm'De0}} vGwajrmuf zG,f f ]]ed &P}} wd k Y u d k ,xmbl w Pf j zih f od j rif N yD ; bk & m;avmif ; uk'gvy@dwxH rdr\ AdvygESiwuG &aohjyK\/ tjcm;ckepfjynfaxmif d k f hf rif;rsm;onfvnf; Am&mPoDjynfukd odr;f ,l&ef vm&mrS jA['wfrif;Bu;D awmxGujf cif;udk Mum;odNy;D olwvnf; bk&m;avmif; uk'gv y@dwxH Ykd &aohjyKMuav\/ a'oemawmft& udavomwd\ pGr;f tm;onf Bu;D rm;\/ Yk rdrdwdkY\ ykxkZOftusihf odumrQjzihf ]]ig olwpfyg; xdcdkufepfematmif rvkyfbl;? ig t*wd rvkdufbl;? ig rawmfrw&m; rvkyfbl;}} [l a<u;aMumfraebJ rdrw\ owd orZOfjzihom rdrw\um,uHrI 0pDurI d Ykd f d Ykd H raem uHrIwdkYudk ,xmblwPfjzihf xdef;ausmif;tyfyg\/ ,xmblw Pfonf udavomrsm;rS vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf tpqHk;Pf jzpfyg\/ usrf ; uk d ; = "r y ' pd w [ |rax&f 0 w K bduKoHCmu 'kwd,tBudrf wdpwkwur0gpmzwfay;ojzihf? ,cif bduKeDronf &[ef;tjzpfodkYa&mufoGm;avonf/ xdkodkY bduKtxH wrefapvTwf &[ef;jzpfjcif;onf 'lawe Oyor'gwrefjzihf &[ef;jzpfjcif;rnf\/ y|r- bduKeDoHCm\ ur0gpm (4) Budrf/ 'kwd,- wrefavQmufxm;awmif;yefcsuft&? ta0;rS bduK oHCm\ ur0gpm (4) Budrf/ aygif; ur0gpm (8) Budrfzwfjcif; udpNyD; ajrmufav\/ 'lawe Oyor'gudk tumoD jynhwefqmr &[ef;jyKaom f udp cGifhjyKawmfrlonf/ (plV0g? ygVd? 471) (7) t|0gpd u m Oyor ' g bduKeDwdkY &[ef;cH&m? y|r bduKeDoHCmonf wdpwkw ur 0 gpm&G w f z wf &[ef ; cH a y;&\/ 'k w d , bd u K oH C monf wdpwkw ur0gpm&Gwfzwf &[ef;cHay;&\/ odkY bduKeDoHCm\ ur0gpm (4) Budrf? bduKoHCm\ ur0gpm (4) Budrf/ aygif; ur0gpm (8) Budrf &Gwf &[ef;jzpf&jcif;onf t|0gpdu Oyor'grnf\/ (8) w d p wk w ur O yor ' g jrwfpGmbk&m;onf y|ro&P*Hkjzihf &[ef;tjzpfcGifhjyKawmf rl\/ aemuf ,if;udyor;f wpwkw ur0gpmjzihf &[ef;cHay;&ef k k f d d (omoemqH;k onfwiatmif xm0&xm;) cGijhf yKawmfr\/ odYk wd kd f l pwkw ur0gpm&Gwf xdkuHjzihf &[ef;jzpfjcif;onf wdpwkw ur Oyor'g rnf\/ onfwum; Oyor'g&[ef;jzpfjcif; (8) rsKd ;wdjYk zpfavonf/ Ykd (ucFgt|uxm? y|ryg&mZdu/ r[m0g) aqmif & ef a qmif y k ' f v uF m {[d? o&P? Mo0g'? yOAsmu&Pm *k"r 'lawe? t|pwkwm &[ef;jzpf&? &Spf0? Oyor'g/ rHk&GmNrdKU ta&SUv,fwDausmif;wdkuf? y"meem,uq&mawmf bk&m;Bu;D ? t*r[my@dw b'Eu@v\ r[mokw'DyeDusr;f ('kw, k d wGJ) wGif aqmifyk'fvuFmazmfjyyg&Sdygonf/ cif a rmif r d k ; (awmif B uD ; )

TALKS ON THE DHAMMA

"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

19

edAmefuO;D pGmqkawmif;Ny;D aemuf b0orwd abm*orwEpyg;udk kd d S f qkawmif;vQif yg&rDajrmufrajrmuf jyem

Nidrf;csrf;OD;

yk x k Z Of v l t rsm;wd k Y jyKjim;onh f uk o vm/ / aAm"d Pf &nf o ef j yK awmif;qkyefxGm/ / aemuf z sm;rS m vd k & m*wd / / qk a wmif ; &m yg&rD t *F g ES i h f aAm"d v sm ajrmuf r ajrmuf u d k usrf;axmufvdkYnd/ / edAmefEifh *wdorw?d abm*orwwukd wGpyfvsuf qkawmif; S d Ykd J jyKMuaom ukodkvfrIrsm;onf yg&rDajrmufrnf rajrmufrnfudkodvdk ar;jref;pl;prf;vmaom ykpmjzpfonf/ qk a wmif ; aumif ; aomf v nf ; ed A m ef t a&muf a emuf u srnf edAmefua&mufvaMumif;ESifh a&S;OD;pGmqkawmif;Ny;D aemuf edAmef kd kd odkY ra&mufrD usifvnforQb0wdkY? b0orwd? abm*orwdwnf;[l aom vlYjynfewfjynfwdkY jynfhpHkaomb0? jynhfpHkaompnf;pdrfOpmwdkYESihf jzpfav&m&mb0wdkif;jynfhpHk&efudk xyfrHqkawmif;aomfvnf;? yg&rD ajrmufaomukodkvfyifjzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnfjzpfonf/ odkYaomf b0 orw?d abm*orwNd c&onhtwGu?f edAmefta&mufum; aemufusrnf H H f jzpfonf/ pH a usmif ; q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; \ tqH k ; trMo0g' t&mESihfpyf? aus;Zl;&SifpHausmif;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; qH;k rMo0g'ay;onfrm edAmefua&S;OD;pGmqkawmif; edAmefora&mufr?D S kd Ykd ormt,l&Sdaom jrifhjrwfaomolaX;ol<u,fwdkY\trsdK; qufwkdif;jzpf b0wdi;f wd yg&rDwukd jznhusi&vd\[k qkawmif;ywemjyKonf&dS k Yk Ykd f fh k aomf? edAmefta&muf aemufrusaMumif;udkjy qHk;rawmfrlonf/ aAm"d Pf j ref j ref q d k u f a &muf & ef uk o d k v f r sd K ;r[k w f edAmefudkom a&S;OD;pGm&nfoefawmifhw? aemufem;u b0 orw?d abm*orwoufoufuom wPSmpyfzufvsuf qkawmif;aom d kd t&mrSm yg&rDyifajrmufaomfvnf; aAm"dPfukd jrefjrefqua&mufEif kd f kd aom ukodkvfrsdK;r[kwfacs/ r[kwaMumif;taxmufom"urSm 0dyDjrwfpmbk&m; ryGirD f G hf omoemytcg? aZmwduolaX;tavmif; Bucif;vkynaemifEpa,muf H f D S f wdkYonf yapuAk'gt&Sifjrwftm; o'gMunfjzLBuH&nfudkuyfvSL qkawmif;ywemjyKMuav\/ BuH c if ; vk y f n D a emif E S p f a ,muf w d k Y \ qk a wmif ; tpfuBkd u;D um; b0orwd abm*orwwukd ruyfNiy?J t&Sif d Ykd d bk&m; &odaomw&m;udk &ygvdk\[k rQomqkawmif;av\/ nDjzpf aom aZmwduolaX;avmif;um;? t&Sifbk&m; &odaomw&m;udk &od vdkyg\/ if;aemuf oHo&mrSm &SnfMumorQumvywfvHk; b0orwd

abm*orwdESpfyg;wdkYESifh jynfhpHkvdkaMumif;udk aemufxyfqufvuf qkawmif;av\/ wPS m rzuf aAm"d Pf o uf o uf u d k o m qk a wmif ; ol xdknDaemifESpfa,mufwdkYwGif orwdrNcH&HyJ wpfckaomaAm"d Pfudkom&nfoef qkawmif;aomtpfudkBuD;jzpfolrSm 0dyDjrwfpGm bk&m;yGihfaomtcgyif edAmefudk&av\/ wPS m uyf N id o nh f aZmwd u ol a X;avmif ; nDjzpfaom aZmwdutavmif;rSmum; b0orwd abm*orwd zufpyfuyfNidonhftwGuf 0dyDbk&m;vufxufawmf uRwfwef;odkY r0if&yJ? ajcmufqlaombk&m;wdkYudk vGefNyD;aemuf a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m; yGihfawmfrlonhfumvusrS uRwfwef;0if&aMumif;udk "ry't|uxm rdefYqdkzGihfjyavonf/ odkYvQif b0orwd abm*orwd[wnf;[laom wPSm uyfNidwG,fwmvsufygonhftwGufaMumihf edAmef0ifaemufus&jcif;jzpf avonf/ onfum; edAmefudk a&S;OD;pGmqkawmif;NyD;vQif aemufEG,f b0orwd abm*orwEpyg;udk qkawmif;&m yg&rDajrmufrajrmuf d S f jyemESihfpyfaomykpm\tajzrsm;yifjzpfayonf/ Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

"r0&onf Ak"\ ax&0g'"rw&m;ppf w&m;rSef D xGef;um;&efjzpfonfhqkdonfh cH,lcsufESifhtnD vdIifMunfjzL"r0D&pmaywkdufESifh 'D*spfw,fpmMunfhwkdufrS 2009 ckESpf? rwfvtwGif; jzefYcsdxkwfa0vkdufNyD
1/ "r0D&\ "roHpOfrsm; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESihf wuodkvfoQifoD&d) (Nidrf;csrf;OD;) ('kwd,tBudrf)

2/ jzwfoef;csdefed'gef;ESihf yxrydkif;

3/ q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif\ pmayaumufEkwfcsufpmpk ("ry') (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESifh pkd;jrifhvwf) 4/ Ak',Ofaus;rI&wem 5/ olawmfaumif;wkdYtvSLay;enf; t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY) t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY)

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

20

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

v,fwDq&ma

The Ledi Dham

D d v,fweAmefw

a&;om;jyKp

MAHA THERA L
(edAme'DyeD)
(,cif t ywf r S t quf )
edAmefonf edAmeftaetm;jzihf xif&Sm;&SdaomaMumihf ]]b0g}} [k qd k o ih f \ / terw* o H o &m tpOf t NrJ w nf a omaMumih f ]]0wrmem}} [k qdkoihf\/ Oyg'fZmwdESihf jzpfay:rI[l vHk;vHk; r&SdaomaMumihf ]]Zmwd}} [lvnf;aumif;? ]]OyE}} [lvnf;aumif;? ]]edAwm}} [lvnf;aumif; rqdkoihf/ tMuifolwdkYonf jzpfvHk; (3) rsdK; jcm;em;rIudk ESvHk;rxm;rdMu uk e f ? xd k o l w d k Y o nf wd 0 k w f t |uxm b0g? 0w r mem[k vmonfukd axmuf edAmefrwpfjcm;wpfyg;aom ocFww&m;wduoYkd S Yk hJ kefY&Sif;Murf; wrf;aomZmwdESifhjzpfay:rIomr&Sdonf? tvGefodrfarGU vSaom ZmwdEifh jzpfay:rIum;&S\/ oOyg'daooedAmefonf r*f? zdvf S d k jzpfay:&mrSp jzpfay:\/ tEkyg'daooedAmefonf y&dedAmef? pkwdurZkyfcsKyfonf\ tjcm;rJhrSp jzpfay:\[k ,lMuukef\/ tcsdKUq&mwdkYuvnf; edAmef\ topfjzpfay:jcif;udk tvdkr&SdMuukef? t|uxmygXfvnf; b0g? 0w rmem[k vm&Sdjyef\/ xdkYaMumihf ]]a'Grm bdua0}} [laom wd0kwf ygVdawmfrSm vmaom oOyg'daoo edAmef? tEkyg'daoo edAmefonf y&rwtocF wr[medAmefBu;D r[kw?f ygVdawmfrm udavomwd\ r&Sjd cif; tbm0 S Yk rw[k qdktyfaom tocFwynwfudk oOyg'daooedAmefqdkonf? y&d e d A m ef p H pk w d u r Z k y f csKyf N yD ; aemuf y#d o aE c E m topf jzpfay:jcif; r&Saom tbm0ynwfrQukd tEkyg'daooedAmefqonf[k d kd ,lMuukef\/ ygVdawmfrSm y&rww&m; (4) yg;wGif tusHK;0ifaom t&d, opmxdkufaom tocFwr[medAmefBuD; (2) yg;udk ra[mygbJ? y&rwf r[kwf tbm0ynwfrQomjzpfaom edAmef (2) yg;udkom a[mawmfrlonf [k ,lMujcif;onf oabm,kwdr&Sdav/ oN*K[fusrf; oOyg'daoo? tEkyg'daoo[laom trnf (2) yg;? oknw? tedrdw? tyPd[dw[laom trnf (3) yg;wdkYESihf vm aom y&rwtocFwr[medAmefBu;D \ tjym;udum; tbd"rm k op0dbif;ygVdawmfudk tpOfavQmuf odtyf\/ wPSm\t<uif;rJhcsKyfjcif;onf eda&m"opm[kqdktyfaom

(Nibbana Di pan

(Continue from last week) As nibbana exists in the sense of nibbana, it should be -said as 'bhava', as it exists forever in the anamatagga samsara, it - should be said 'vattamana.' as it never appears by way of appear-- ing, uppada-jati, it should not be said 'jata, uppanna, nibbatta'. Those who are not aware of the difference between three - kinds of 'pyit =be' in regard to' 'bhava, vattamana' mentioned in - there is no appearing only by way of coarse itivuttaka atthakatha birth jati just like any other sankhata dhamma apart from nibbana. -ti; saupadisesa There is the appearing by way of very fine birth-ja nibbana beings to appear when the path and the frution appear. Where as anupadisesa nibbana appears beginning from the cessation of rupa born of kamma at the time of passing away, parinibbana- cuti. This is what they have taken. Some teahcers, too, do not wish for the new appearing of nibbana. Also the com-, vattamana.' - mentary, there come 'Bhava Therefore, saupadisesa nibba na and anupadisesa - bhikkave' itivuttaka pali are not nibbana which come from 'dvema paramattha asankhata-mahanibbana. This pali means the ~~ asankhatapann atti-concept, void of defilements, abhavamatta is saupadisesa nibbana. After passing away, parinibbana cuti and - ~~ the cessation of rupa born of kamma; the mere abhavapannatticoncept, the void of rebirth as a new existence is called anupa disesa nibbana. Thus they have taken. Although the two asankhata mahanibbana, which are included in the four ultimates, the noble truth, they have taken that they are not expounded in this pali-text and they have taken that they (the two nibbanas), the non ultimates, the only abha -~ ~ vapan n atti-concepts are expunded: this view is not reasonable. The varieties of this ultimate asankhata mahanibbana, ~~ -disesa, anupadisesa two terms and sunnata, animitta, namely saupa appanihita three terms, that come in the Abhidhammattha sangaha, should be understood through reading the Abhidhammattha sacca vibhanga pali. The complete cessation of lust is nibbana, nirodha sacca . The complete cessation of lust, too, is reckoned six. 1. The cessation of lust grasping at the eye is one nibbana. -na. 2. The cessation of lust grasping at the ear is one nibba

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

"r0D&onf ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;twGuf jzpfonf/

21

awmfbk&m;BuD;

usrf;jyKtausmf urmausmf

w&m;awmfrsm;

awmf pawmfrlaom

ma on Nibba na
i = The Manual of Nibbana)
edAmefrnf\/ wPSm\ t<uif;rJhcsKyfjcif;onfvnf;1/ puKpGJvrf;aomwPSm\ puKcsKyfjcif;edAmef (1) yg;/ 2/ aomw pGJvrf;aomwPSm\ aomwcsKyfjcif; edAmef (1) yg;/ 3/ Cme pGJvrf;aomwPSm\ CmecsKyfjcif; edAmef (1) yg;/ 4/ Zd0Sm pGJvrf;aomwPSm\ Zd0SmcsKyfjcif;edAmef (1) yg;/ 5/ um, pGJvrf;aomwPSm\ um,csKyfjcif; edAmef (1) yg;/ 6/ raem pGJvrf;aomwPSm\ raemcsKyfjcif;edAmef (1)yg;/ (odkYvQif tZwdum,we (6) yg; edAmef (6) yg;&\/) xkdenf;twllygH?k o'gHk tp&Saom Am[d&m,we (6) yg; edAmef (6)yg;/ d puK0dnmOfpaom 0dnmOf (6) yg; edAmef (6) yg;/ puKor paom z (6) yg; edAmef (6) yg;/ puKorZma0'empaom a0'em (6) yg; edAmef (6)yg;/ lyonm? o'onmpaom onm (6) yg; edAmef (6) yg;;/ lyoawem? o'oawem paom apwem (6) yg; edAmef (6) yg;/ lywPSm? o'wPSmpaom wPSm (6) yg; edAmef (6) yg;/ ly0dwuf? o'0dwufpaom 0dwuf (6) yg; edAmef (6) yg;/ ly0dpm&? o'0dpm&paom 0dpm& (6) yg; edAmef (6) yg;/ (odkYvQif tbd"rmvnf;aumif;? r[mowdy|meokwf vnf;aumif; wPSm\csKyfNidrf;&mXmeaygif; (60) udk tpGJjyK eda&m" opm[k qdktyfaomedAmefaygif; (60) vm\/) oOyg'd a oo toacsF , s/ / wpfO;D aom&[Em yk*Kd v\oEmefrmyif wPSm\csKyNf ir;f &mXmetjym;tm;jzihf edAmefaygif; f S d (60) jzpfav&um; &[Emyk*Kd vf oEmeftrsm;ESia0zefaomf edAmefaygif; hf toacsF,s? tyar,sjzpfav&m\/ xdkodkYrsm;jym;rIonfvnf; csKyfqHk; aom wPSm\ ocsKif;us&mXme\ tjym;odkYvdkuf qdktyfaom rsm;jym; rIomwnf;/ tedrdwoabm&Sdaom edAmefonfrlum; 2 ck? 3 ck rsm;jym; &ef oP m ef ? ed r d w f ? tNrd w f t pG e f ; r&S d a v&um; oEdvuPmtm;jzihf (1) yg;wnf;omwnf;/ csKyfaomw&m;wdkY\ tjym;udk tpGJjyKqdkaomf vnf; avmb\t<uif;rJhcsKyfNidrf;rI (1) yg;? a'go\t<uif;rJhcsKyfNidrf;rI (1) yg; tp&Sdonfjzihf w'*FedAmefrSmuJhodkY
3. The cessation of lust grasping at the nose is one nibbana. 4. The cessation of lust grasping at the tongue is one nibbana. -na. 5. The cessation of lust grasping at the body is one nibba 6. The cessation of lust grasping at the mind is one nibbana. -yatana bases, 6 nibbanas are [This at the 6 internal a attained.] Similarlyat the 6 extranal ayatana- bases, such as sight, sound, etc., 6 nibbanas. at the 6 consciousness such as eye-consciousness., etc., 6 nibbanas. at the 6 phassa-contact, such as cakkhu-samp-phassa, etc., 6 nibbanas. at the 6 sensations, such as cakkhu sampphassaja vedana, etc., 6 nibbanas. at the 6 sanna-perceptions, such as sight-perception, sound-perception, etc., 6 nibbanas. at the 6 volituns, such as rupasacetana saddasacetana -nas. etc. 6 nibba at the 6 lusts, such as rupatanha, saddatanha, etc., 6 nibbanas. at the 6 intial applications of the mind such as rupavitakka, saddavitakka etc., 6 nibbanas. at the 6 sustained applications of the mind such as rupa- -vicara, saddavicara, etc., 6 nibbanas. [this in the Abhidhamma, and also in the mahasatipattha na sutta, depending on the 60 places for the cessations of lust, there come 60 nirodhasacca, 60 nibbanas.] -disesa asankhyeyya Saupa Even in a person of arahat there are 60 nibbanas by way of enumerating the places where the cessation takes place. Should the enumeration be made in many persons of arahats, nibbanas would be as many as asankhyeyya appeameyya. So great is the number of nibbanas just in accordance with the places for cessation of lust. Nibbana which has the nature of animitta has neither form, image nor spack to count as much as 5 or 3, but has only one characteristic of peace, santilakkhana. Should the dhammas that have already ceased be enumerated, there would be numerous asankhyeyyas appameyya as tadanga nibbana, namely the

by

LEDI SAYADAW

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

22

"r0D&onf oEdokcodkY a&S;Ionf/

complete cessation of greed is one, the complete cessaion of hatred in one, etc. [This is the number of saupadisesa nibbana, kilesa nibba na] Anupadisesa asankhyeyya Even though not mentioned paricularly in the vibbanga pali, by the term 'dukkhanirodha' the number of anupadisesa nibba -na may be great asankhyeyya appameyya, na, khandha parinibba respectively the complete cessation of eye is one nibbana, the -na, etc. So great is the complete cessation of ear is one nibba number just in accordance with the cessation of the so much dhammas. Nibbana, being animitta dhamma is only one. It the cessation of the laws of dependent origination (paticca-sumuppa -yatveva asesaviraya nirodha sankhara nirodho' etc. is da), 'avijja read accordingly, 12 nibbanas including saupadisesa and anupa -nas will be seen. Those 12 are indeed only one and disesa nibba the same thing. Here ends nissaruna nibbana. Here ends 7 kinds of nibba na. (To be continue)

toacsF,s? tyar,syif jzpf&m\/ (um; ud a voed A m ef [ k qd k t yf a om oOyg'd a oo ed A m ef \ tjym;wnf ; /) tEk y g'd a oo toacsF , s/ / 0dbif;ygVdawmf wdkufdkufrvmjim;aomfvnf; 'kueda&m"yk'f\ tpGrf;tm;jzihf puK\ t<uif;rJhcsKyfNidrf;jcif;[laom edAmefwpfyg;? aomw\t<uif;rJhcsKyfNidrf; jcif;[laom edAmefwpfyg;? odkYponfjzihf cEy&dedAmef[kqdktyfaom tEkyg'daooedAmeftjym;onfvnf; toacsF,s? tyar,syifjzpf&m \/ odkYjzpfjcif;onfvnf; csKyfNidrf;aomw&m;wdkY\ tjym;odkYvdkuf qdktyfaom jzpfjcif;aywnf;/ edAmefrmrlum; tedrw"rjzpfay 1 yg;wnf;omvQiwnf;/ S d f ]]t0dZm,awG0 taoo0d&m*eda&m"m ocFg&eda&ma"m}} tp&Sdonfjzihfvmaom y#dporkyg'fcsKyfyHkudk tpOfavQmufqdkcJhaomf oOyg'daoo (2) yg; ta&mtm;jzihf edAmefaygif; (12) jzpf\/ xdk (12) yg;onfvnf; pifppftm;jzihf (1) yg;wnf;omwnf;/ ed &Ped A m ef t jym;NyD ; \/ wG i f a &G U um; ed A m ef t jym; 7 yg;NyD ; \/ aemuf a usmzk H ; rS xkaMumifh txufyg qGr;f ? ouFe;f ? ausmif;? aq;wnf;[laom Yd ypnf;av;yg;wkdYESifh if;a&mifh&Jjcif;okH;yg;ukd ajrmufyGm;aomf a&mifh&J jcif; (12) yg;&onf/ owk | D o aE m ojzpf a tmif o k H ; aqmif y k H (1) rd r d c H , l &&S d v maom&wwf orQaomqG r f ; uk d o m okH;aqmif? ZDZmraMumifu qGrf; ,xmvmb oaEmojzpfonf/ (2) aumif;aom[if;rsm;onf rdrd\ usef;rma&;ESifhrwnfh? [if;nHhrsm;rSomwnfh\/ [if;aumif;ukd wpfyg;aom&[ef;tm; vSL rdrdESifhwnfhaom [if;nHhukdompm;ygu qGrf;,xmAv oaEmo jzpfonf/ (3)&[ef ; onf acgif ; yg;aom tusif h h & S d & rnf / igtvSLcH&&Sdvmonfh aumif;aom [if;ukdwpfyg;aom&[ef;tm; ay;vSLrSyJ/ iguawmh wefkHoifhkH[if;ukdompm;rSyJ[k acgif;yg; aom &[ef;tusiudk OD;wnf [if;aumif;ukd wpfyg;aom&[ef;tm;ay;vSLNy;D hf [if;nHhukdom rdrdpm;ygu qGrf; ,xmomky oaEmojzpf avonf/ uJhokdY <uif;aom ausmif;? ouFef;? aq;wkdYESifhvnf; enf;twkdif; usifhokH; aqmufwnfygu oEK|D= a&mifh&Jjcif; (12) yg; jynfhajrmufavawmh\/ terw*oHo&mu *sKd;uyfaeaom w&m;qkd; wkdYudk y,fzsufaom oav c w&m; (44) yg; oavcw&m;um; terw*oHo&m u csdK;(*sdK;) uyfaeaom w&m;qkd;wdkYukd jcpfcGm y,fzsufwwfaom w&m;jzpfavonf/ ]]ov d c wD w d o av a cg}} - a,m- tMuif w &m;onf ? twdtvae- tvGeuyfNid ukeaom csKd ;(*sK;d ) uyfaeukeaom? ygy"arD f f f w&m;qd k ; wd k Y u d k ? ovd c wd - aumif ; pG m jcpf y ,f w wf ? cG m w,f ? zsufqD;wwf\/ wdwom-xdkYaMumifh aom"ar-xdkw&m;onf?oavacg-oavcrnf ay\/ oH+ vdc"mwf+Pypnf;jzpf?xdk w&m;ud k acgif ; yg; aom w&m;[k jrefrmbmomjyefqdkonf/

acgif ; yg;jcif ; teuf r sm; acgif;yg;jcif;qdkonfudk?ygVdbmomu 'kvbw ('kvFbwG)[kqdkNyD;? t*Fvdyfbmomu scarcity [kqdkonf/scarce rSmygVdbmom 'kvb ('kvFb) jzpfjrefrmbmomacgif;yg;onf [kqdkygonf/ oavc^ 'kvb a0g[m&udk t*FvdyfbmomrS scarce awGY&efcufcJaom/ Scarcely r&S d o avmuf & S m ;yg;aom? acgif ; yg; aom/ Scarcity wpfpHkwpfckrQ r&Sdjcif; tjzpfzGifhqdkwifjyonf/ jcpf ? cG m ? zJ h ? jzwf zsuf q D ; tyf a omw&m;(44)yg; xd k w &m;jzif h terw* oH o &mrS csd K ;uyf p G J N id a eaom w&m;qd;k wdukd jcpf? cGm? zJ?h jzwf zsuq;D tyfaom (ovcwA) w&m;um; Yk f d d (44) yg;jzpf \ / xd k Y a Mumif h oav c w&m;vnf ; (44) yg;jzpf&rnfjzpfonf/ ov d c ov d c d w A w &m; (44)yg; (1) 0d[d Hom-nif;qJjcif; (2) ygPmwdygwm-usifhjcif; (3) t'dEm'ge-usifhjcif; (4) umarokrdpmpm&-usifhjcif; (5) rkom0g'-usifhjcif; (6) ydokP0gpm-usifhjcif; (7) z&ko0gpm-usifhjcif; (8) oyyvmy-usifhjcif; (9) tbdZm-BuHpnfjcif; (10) Asmyg' (olYudkaoapvdkjcif;) (11) rdpm'd|d (rSm;aomtjrif) (12) rdpmouFy (rSm;aomtBuH) (13) rdpm0gpm (rSm;aompum;) (14) rdpmurE (rSm;aomtrI) (15) rdpmtmZD0 (rSm;aomtoufarG;rI) (16) rdpm0g,mr (rSm;aomvHkYv) (17) rdpmowd (rSm;aomtrSwfowd)

SPECIAL FEATURE OF THE WEEKS

"r0D&onf Ak'\ax&0g' "rw&m;tppfxGef;um;&ef jzpfonf/ (18) rdpmorm"d (rSm;aomwnfMunfrI) (19) rdpmP (rSm;aomPf) (arm[) tukodkvfudk (20) rdpm0drw(rdpm'd|uouavomrS vGwr[rm;,Gi;f pGmxifjrifjcif;) d k d d hJ Ykd d f I k S (21) xderd' (xdkif;rIdif;pGmjzpfjcif;) (22) O'p (jyefYvGifhjcif;) (23) 0dpdudpm (,HkrSm;jcif;) (24) aum" ( trsufxGufjcif;) (25) Oyem[ (&efNidK;zGJYjcif;) (26) ru (olYaus;Zl;acszsufjcif;) (27) yVmo (NydKifqdkifjcif;) (28) m (jiLpljcif;) (29) rp&d, (0efwdkjcif;) (30) rm,m (vSnfhywfjcif;) (31) oax,s (<um;0gjcif;) (32) x' (rmefcufxefjcif;) (33) twdrme (tvGefrmefrljcif;) (34) 'kAp (qkH;rtqdkcufjcif;) (35) ygyrdw (,kwfaomrdwfaqG aygif;azmfjcif;) (36) yrw (ukokdvfarhjcif;) (37) to' (&wemokH;yg;o'guif;rJhjcif;) (38) t[d&du ('kpkdufrSr&Sufjcif;) (39) taemwy ('kpkdufudkraMumuf jyK&Jjcif;) (40) tyokw (tMum;rjrifr&Sd) (41) ukodw (ukokdvfrIjyif;&djcif;) (42) rk|owd (ukokdvfowdvGwfjcif;) (43) 'kyn (aumif;aom0dyemynmrJhjcif;) (44) oEd|dy&mrmo tm'ge*[ 'ky#ded* (rSm;aomt,lukd,ljcif;? pGJvrf;jcif;? rpGefYEkdifjcif;) oav c w&m; (44)yg; (1) t0d[d Hom- rnif;qJjcif; (2) a&SmifMuOfjcif; (3) a&SmifMuOfjcif; (4) a&SmifMuOfjcif; (5) a&SmifMuOfjcif; (6) a&SmifMuOfjcif; (7) a&SmifMuOfjcif; (8) a&SmifMuOfjcif; (9) tebdZm- rBuHpnfjcif; (10) tAsmyg' (olYukdaoapvkdjcif;rS MuOfjcif;) (11) orm'd|d (rSefaomtjrif) (12) ormouFy (rSefaomtBuH) (13) orm0gpm (rSefaompum;) (14) ormurE (rSefaomtrI) (15) ormtmZD0 (rSefaomtoufarG;rI) (16) orm0g,mr (rSefaomvHkYv) (17) ormowd (rSefaomtrSwfowd) (18) ormorm"d (rSefaomwnfMunfrI)

23

(19) ormP (rSefaomPf) (tarm[) ukokdvf[k trSwfrSm;rI (20) orm0drkwd (t&d,mzdkvfESifh ,SOfaom rSefaomudavomrS vGwfjcif;) (21) xderd'y[me (if;udky,fjcif;) (22) O'py[me (if;ukdy,fjcif;) (23) 0dpdudpmy[me (if;ukdy,fjcif;) (24) aum"y[me (if;ukdy,fjcif;) (25) tEkyem[ (if;ukdy,fjcif;) (26) tru (if;racszsufjcif;) (27) tyVmo (tNydKifrjyKjcif;) (28) tEkkuDwm (rjiLpljcif;) (29) trp&d, (0efrwkdjcif;) (30) trm,m0D (rvSnfhywfjcif;) (31) tomax,s (r<um;0gjcif;) (32) tx' (rmefrcufxefjcif;) (33) tewdrme (rmeftvsOf;rrljcif;) (34) okAp (qkdqkH;rvG,fjcif;) (35) uvsmPrdw (rdwfaqGolawmfaumif; aygif;azmfjcif;) (36) tyrw (ukokdvfrarhjcif;) (37) o' (&wemokH;yg; ,kHMunfo'g&Sdjcif;) (38) [d&du ('kpkdufrS&Sufjcif;) (39) Mowy (aMumuf&GHU rjyK&Jjcif;) (40) A[kkw (tMum;tjrif&Sdjcif;) (41) tm&'0D&d, (ukokdvf0D&d,&Sdjcif;) (42) Oy|dwowd (xkdowdxifjcif;) (43) yn0E (aumif;aom0dyemynm&Sdjcif;) (44) toEd|dy&mrmo tem'ge*[ oky#ded* (rSm;aomt,lukd r,ljcif;? rpGJvrf;jcif;? pGefYEkdifjcif;) aygif; acgif;yg;atmifusifhaom oavcw&m; (44)yg;jzpf\/ pmuk d ; yPmoyg|dawmf "r'g,okwf? t|uxm/ if;0wokwf? &xeDwokwf? oav c ok w f y g|d awmf E S i f h t|uxm? ck ' w ed u m,ygVd a wmf E S i f h t|uxm? r[meda'oyg|dawmf? t|uxm/ [H o m0wD O D ; tk e f ; Bud K if aemuf a usmzk H ; rS oDv&Sifrsm;onf edp"l0aqmif&GufaeMuaom if;wdkY\ vkyfief;pOfrsm;twdkif; qufvufazmfaqmifMu&if;jzihf if;wdkY\ wynhf 'g,um 'g,dumrrsm; jrihfrm;aom &nfrSef;csufrsm;jzihf qEjyif;jypGm tm;xk w f aeMuaom w&m;bm0emrsm; wd k ; wuf z G H Y N zd K ;apEk d i f & ef vdktyfonfh vrf;TefrIrsm;udkyg wNydKifwnf; yHhydk;vsuf&SdMuavonf/ odkYaomf oDv&Siftrsm;pkwdkYurl vlYavmutwGif; jzpfay: BuHKawGUvmMuonfh jyemwdkif;wdkYwGif if;wdkY udk,fukd pHjyyk*dKvfrsm; tjzpf OD;aqmifvsuf ulnDajz&Sif;ay;aeMuavonf/ wu,fawmh oDv&Sifrsm;onf 0dyembm0em"r yGm;rsm; tm;xkwfrIwpfckwnf;wGifom r[kwfMubJ t&m&mwdkif;wdkY udk,fwdkif OD;aqmifyg0if vkyfudkifaqmif&Gufay;aeMujcif;jzpfavonf/

COVER SPECIAL FETURE

24

"r0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/ pmrsuf E S m 12 rS yd w k - aqG r sd K ;rd b wd k Y \ ? qm,m- t&d y f o nf ? ok c g- ; om\/ g-csrf wawm- xdkaqGrsdK;rdbwdkY\t&dyfcsrf;omonfxuf? tmp&d , mq&morm;\? qm,m- t&dyfonf? okcg- csrf;om\/ wawmxdkq&morm;\ t&dyfcsrf;omonfxuf? &anm- rif;\? qm,mcsrf ; om\/ t&d y f o nf ? ok c gwawmxdkrif;\t&dyfcsrf;omonfxuf? Ak'- jrwfpGm bk&m;\? qm,mt&d y f [ k q d k t yf a omw&m;awmf t qH k ; tronf ? taeuZmrsm;jym;aomtm;jzihf? okcg- csrf;om\/ (avmueD w d )

''I've been told that having a female up front teaching dhammma and retreats, fielding questions, being bowed to, has been very positive for a lot of women and girls. Especially for the young ones who are in the final years of school and are thinking about career paths and wondering, Can I really make it as a woman? They have said it has been really inspirational for them to see a woman, whether it's me or anyone else, up there doing that," shares Ajahna sister Vayama.

]]usLyftckajymjyaewJhtcsdefrSmyJ trsKd;orD;wpfa,muf[m w&m;"rudk a&SUwef;uae oif,lqnf;yl;ae&if;uae at;csrf; qdwf Nidrf&mudk csOf;uyfNyD;awmh bm0emur|mef;pD;jzef;vsuf olBuHKawGUjzpf wnfvmwJh jyemawGudk oludk,fwdkif ydkifydkifEkdifEkdifajz&Sif;BudK;yrf;ae wmudk MunhfNyD;awmh trsKd;orD;awGeJY cav;ruav;awGtwGuf tifrwefrS pHwifxdkufwJhtjyKoabmaqmifwJh BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIawG jzpfw,fqdkwm avhvmMuzdkY vdkr,fxifygw,f/ txl;ojzihfu i,f&G,f wJh ausmif;aet&G,f uav;rav;awGtwGuf olwdkY wpfawG&ifqdkif ajzqdkMu &awmhr,fh aemufqHk;ESpf pmar;yGJtwGuf tvGeftHhMoavmuf atmif ajzqdkatmifjrifapEkdifr,fh BudK;yrf;rIenf;vrf;aumif;BuD; jzpf w ,f q d k w m ud k usKyf u d k , f w d k i f trsKd ; orD ; wpf a ,muf t aeeJ Y vufawGUvkyaqmifjyo ay;vd&rvm;yJ trsK;d orD;wpfa,muftwGuf f Yk wu,fwrf; vkyfaqmif Ekdifatmif aphaqmfay;EkdifwJh enf;aumif; vrf;aumi;fvJyJjzpfw,f/ 'Dvdk vkyfaqmifEkdifap&ef twGuf uREfkyf udk,fwdkifyJvm;? 'grSr[kwf tjcm; wpfa,mufa,mufyJvm;qdkwmawmh rajymwwfbl;}} [k q&mBuD; t&Sif0g,ru qufvuf ajymqdkonf/
The reality is, however, that in trying to 'make it', in many fields women still must contend with certain barriers and inequities due to their gender.

ysd K UvuF m
tvGefw&m opf&dyfrSmvQif csrf;omonfxuf pHkrufjrwfEdk; aqGrsdK;rdb t&dyf&aomf at;jronfyif xdkxufvQifvnf; yJhjyifq&m t&dyfrSmum; csrf;omyGm;\ wpfyg;xdkxuf bkef;a&mifpufjzm &mZmrif;ausmf t&dyfawmfrl ta[m0w csrf;omvS\ uJqxdkxuf pufomoem BuHKcJh&mom; jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;qHk;r t&dyf&aomf b0rnfvif Id edAmefwiatmif csrf;omaqmif\/ kd f avmu opfyif&dyfonf at;jr\/ wpfcPwmrQ t&dyf cdkem;wkef;om/ xdkxuf aqGrsdK;rdbwdkY\t&dyfonf at;jr\/ BuHKwkef; qHkwkef;om/ xdxuf q&morm;t&dyonf at;jr\/ k f wpfb0vH;k twGuwm ynmay;vdkYom/ f xdxuf jrwfaomrif;\ t&dyonf at;jr\/ k f e,fv;kH twGuf vHkNcHKat;csrf;zdkYom/ xd k x uf jrwf p G m bk & m;\ omoemawmf t &d y f o nf at;jr\/ wpfb0vHk;twGufESihf wpfoHo&mvHk; edAmefqHk;onf wd k i f a tmif csrf ; omud k aqmif o jzih f tvG e f Y t vG e f y if csrf ; om at;jrvS\/ bk&m;\omoem &dyukd cdem;oGm;ygu aumif;uHw&m;ESifh f k Pfw&m;rsm; wd;k yGm;ojzihf wpfcPvnf;aumif;? wpfb0vnf;aumif;? (pmrsufESm 25 okdY) MunhNf y;D aemuf olrESitwl xyfwrQa0cHpm;rd&if;jzihf tBuPfaumif; fh l H rsm;ay;Ekdif&ef urf;vSrf;Munhfvkdufavonf/ ]]rif;oGm;NrJvrf;twdkif; qufvufNyD;awmhomoGm;aeyg/ ud,avQmufvr;f &m c&D;vrf;rSm atmifjrifryef;wdia&mufatmif tywf k f S I k f wukwfBudK;yrf;tm;xkwf&rSm jzpfw,f/ BudK;pm;u t&mtm;vHk;atmif jrifr,f}} "r 0 D & -oE m tjynf j ynf q d k i f & max&0g'Ak ' o moemjyKwu o d k v f ? &ef u k e f N rd K U/

trSew&m;qdonfukd &&SMd uzd&mtwGuf rnfonftqihf txd f k Yk h BudK;yrf;vkyfaqmifMu&ygYrnfenf;? u@tawmfrsm;rsm;wGif trsKd; orD;rsm;onf usm;rwnf;[laom vdiyi;f qdi&m cGjJ cm;wm;qD; uefowf f kd k f Y rIrsm;udk cHaeMu&ayonf/
Here, too, Ajahn Sister Vayama can offer women advice based on her own experiences in dealing with such challenges. Should a girl come across people -male or female - who do not support her, or even discourage her, in pursuing her chosen path, telling her it cannot or should not be done, Ajahna sister Vayama offers this empalthetic counsel: "You just have to keep going. Keep plugging away at it."

ae&m tvm;wl? oDv&Sifq&mBuD;t&Sif0g,ronf ol\ tawGUtBuHKrsm;t& pdefac:rIrsm;udk &ifqdkifajz&Sif;EkdifMu&ef trsKd;orD; rsm;xHrS ay;vmMurnfh tBuHPfrsm;udk tajccHvsuf oludk,fwdkif aqmif&Gufay;vdkonf[kqdkonf/ xdktcsdefwGif cav;ruav; wpfa,mufonf a,musfm;om; rsm;csnf;? 'grSr[kwf rdef;rom;rsm;csnf;om yg&Sdaeaom vltkyfBuD;udk jzwfausmf a&muf&Sdvmonf/ rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufurQ olrtm; tultnD taxmuftyHhray;Mu? 'grSr[kwf olra&G;cs,favQmufvSrf; aeonfh vrf;aMumif; qufvufavQmufvSrf;aeapjcif;jzihf? olrtm; pdwfysuftm;i,foGm;atmif rodusKd;uRHjyKaeMuavonf/ rif;avQmuf aewJh vrf;aMumif;[m rSm;aewJtwGuf qufvuf ravQmufvr;f zdvnf; h S Yk rnfolrQ rajymrqdkMuyg/ oDv&Sifq&mBuD; t&Sif0g,ronf xdkoli,fruav;tm;

DHAMMA TALKS
"r0D&onf "ropmudk Tefjyonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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"r0D&onf t"rw&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smufonf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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31

edEDqkdwJh cspfjcif;vnf;r&Sdawmh 'kuvnf;r&Sd? 'ku r&Sdawmh rsuf&nfusp&m Zmwfodrf;NyD? edEDed a&m"m 'kueda&ma"m? edEDeda&ma"m ra*g qkdufawmhonf/ cspfvdkYuswJhrsuf&nfukd igqkdonfh 'd|Bd u;D u rodatmifz;Hk vTr;f Ny;D vkcsirwPSmu d f I acsmhxm;vkdY igr[kwfwm igvkyfxm;awmh rsu&nfus&onf/ igr[kwre;f 0dyemPf f f S ESihf &Si;f vkuawmh owdxm;? 0D&,pku?f ynmeJY d f d d Ivkdufawmh igvJr&Sd? olvJr&Sd? "rawGom jzpfNyD; "rawGomysufaewmyJvkdY PfeJYI vk d u f a wmh cE m ig;yg;? k y f e mrf E S p f y g;om &SdaMumif;? kyfemrf qkdwmuvnf; ocFg& w&m;yJvkdY odvkdufjyefonf/ ocFg&w&m;qkd wmvnf; PfeJY a0zefvkdufawmh olwyg; jyKjyifvdkY ay:vmwJh w&m;? xkdw&m;rsm;onf tysufrSmomvrf;qkH;&rSmjzpfawmh ukd,fykdif ukd,fqkdifqkdwm bmrSr&Sd? jzpfwmeJYysufwmyJ &Sdw,fvkdY &SifykPu ESvkH;oGif; vdkufawmh jzpfysufawGjrif? jzpfysufawGrkef;? jzpfysuf awGqkH;? av;Budrf;av;cg jrifrkef;qkH;awmh &SifykP &[Emwnfawmhonf/ &SiyP &[Emwnfwm uk,erqkif f k d f YJ d ygbl;/ uswrsu&nfor;f Eki&efuawmh rk;d ukwf hJ f d d f q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; u ]]'k u t m;vk H ; uk d uk e f q k H ; apEk d i f w muawmh 0 d y emw&m; yJ}} vkdY qkH;r cJhojzifh q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; tqkd trdefYtwkdif; ukd,fwkdifusifhBuH tm;xkwfMu&ef ,ck y if v Qif rtk d c if remcif raocif u 0dyemw&m; tm;xkwwo[m aexGucgeD; f hJ l f 0d y emtk P f w uf r S r*f a e xG u f o vk d tysufeJYr*fomukdufaeatmif tm;xkwfMu ygvkdYom....
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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

32
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pd M w&H o D pma&;ol w pf a ,muf w nf ; ]pd a E ausmfol OD;Mo} \ Mo0g'xl;ysKdUukd zwfIae onf/ tcsdefu nae(4) em&DcefYom &Sdao; onf/ onftckdufrSmyif e,fNrKdUrS oli,fcsif; a&mufvmonf/ xkdifrdonfESifh-]]raeYu rif;ajymwJh&,fjcif;awGeJY yufoufNyD; jynfhjynfhpkHpkHodcsifvkdYvmcJhwm ajymjy prf;yguGm}} [k qkdvmonf/ ]]rif; odyfpdwf0ifpm;aew,fayghav [kwvm;}} f ]][kwfw,fuG raeYu rif;ajymwJh &,fjcif;u ajru&,fw,f aemufxyf&,fjcif; awG&Sdao;vm;}} ]]&Sdw,f odyfNyD;&SdwmayghuGm tck igzwfaewJhpmtkyfuvnf; pmqkdawmfBuD;&JU Mo0g'xl;ysKUd yJu}G } pma&;olu ajymajymqkqdk pmtkyudk d f vSrf;ay;vkdufonf/ oli,fcsif;u]]at;uG m zwf v nf ; zwf w maygh rif;zwfxm;wmxJu jyefNyD;ajymjyprf;yguGm}} ]]rif ; uawmh wu,f h u k d t acsmif orm; ygvm;uGm tif;..ajym&r,fqkd&if pmqkdawmfBuD;u ysKdUxJrSm&,fjcif;okH;rsKd;eJY owday;xm;w,fuG bmawGvnf;qkdawmh 1/ r,m;u&,fjcif;? 2/ v,f,majrawGu&,fjcif;? 3/ a&TaiG&wem awGu&,fjcif;awGyJjzpfw,f}} ]]b,fvkd..b,fvkd r,m;eJYa&TaiG &wemawGu &,fw,f[kwfvm;uG}} ]][kwfygw,f rif;uajrv,f,mu &,fwmukdodNyD;vdkY tHhMowmyguG}} ]]1/ r,m;u&,fw,fqwm b,fvdk dk vJ q k d a wmh vif j zpf o l u om;orD ; awG u k d om;av;&JU orD;av;&JUqkNd y;D ayGUcserf;IyaewJh D f tcg jrif&wJr,m;u olom;orD;vJr[kwbeYJ h Y f J erf;Iyfaew,fqkdNyD; uG,f&muae &,faewm ygyJwAsm}} hJ ]]trav;...aoNyD q &ma&.. aoNyAsKUd }} D ]][m;..[m;..[m;.. rif;acgif; csdKxGufaeNyDvm;qkdwm aoaocsmcsmMunfhOD; aemf}} ]]pmqk d a wmf B uD ; u tJ ' D v k d w u,f wu,fpyfqkdcJhvkdYvm;uG}} ]]atmifr,f rif;ukdvdrfvkdY igubm tjrwf&rSmrkdYvJ r,kH&ifig&Gwfjyr,f aoao csmcsmem;axmifayawmhuGm}} ]]cspfvkdYrNiD;? ZeD;tdrf&Sif? rdrdvif onf? cspfcifaomtm;orD;om;ukd? ykdufzsm; tm;&rf ; ? csD I y f e rf ; aomf ? r,f 0 rf ; uarG ; ? ol r sm;aoG ; uk d ? tav;tjrwf ? oif o m; rS w f ? vnf y wf z uf c sD ? erf ; av NyD w nf h ? rwnf r av;? toG r f ; aoG ; ? ta0; rsufuG,f? r,m;&,f\ wJhuGm}} ]]aMomf rdef;r..rdef;rrsm; w,fNyD; aMumuf p &maumif ; vS y gvm;? ol u vnf ; azmufjyefao;w,f? uG,f&musawmh vifukd iwkH;BuD; itBuD; EGm;BuD;vkdY avSmifNyD;awmhrsm; &,fvkduf&ao;w,f tHhMoukefEkdifzG,f&mygyJ vm;uGm ig..ig tJ'Dvkd t&,frcHEkdifbl; ol i ,f csif ; 'D a eY u pNyD ; td r f u rd e f ; ruk d tNrJrjywf tuJcwfrSyJjzpfawmhr,fa[h}} ]]v,f , majrawG & ,f w muk d a wmh rif;odNy;D Ny?D tck a&TaiGawGu &,fwaeaMumif; hJ qufajymjyr,f? a&TaiG&wemawGukd vlawGu igha&T ighaiG igh&wemvkpvrf;wyfrufaewmudk Yd JG odwJhtcgrSmvnf; a&TaiGpdefausmufawGu &,f w ,f w J h u G m ? tJ ' guk d pmqk d a wmf B uD ; u Mo0g'txl ; ysKd U rS m b,f v k d p yf q k d o wd a y; xm;ovJ qkdawmh .. ighpdef igha&T? ighaiGaMu;[k? pdwfap Munfom? qkdjyefygvnf;? Murmawmfwkduf? aumif ; awmf c k d u f r k d Y ? td r f q k d u f r S o m? wnf;ckdyg&Sifh? ig;jzm &efol? ,lvnf;wkdYyg? aorif ; cG m vnf ; ? oif h & mtavsmuf ? igwk d Y a&mufonf? wkdYocifvQif? jzpf csifvGef;vS? vG e f r if ; pG [ k ? a'gocsD ; &,f ? a&T a iG &,f onf ? ok H ; oG , f & ,f a q;? ysuf o G r f ; aoG ; vk d Y pmqkawmfBu;D u owdw&m;&atmif qk;H rcJwm d h yJjzpfw,f}} ]]tif; odyfrSefygvm;uGm pdefa&TaiG &wemtp&S d w mawG [ m &ef o l r sKd ; ig;yg;eJ Y quf q H a ewmqk d a wmh uk d , f y k d i f w ,f v k d Y b,fajymEkdifrSm vJuGm}} ]]odyfrSefwmayghuGm rESpfu em*pf rkewi;f wkuom;awmh uk,yiw,fqwhJ a&TaiG f dk d f G d f dk f dk ypnf;OpmawGu ukd,fhukdcGJoGm;MuwmyJr[kwf vm; tqk H ; pum;ajym&&if uk d , f r ae&vk d Y aooGm; &ifaum tJ'gawGu,om;vk&&JUvm; dk l G Yd olwkdYu a&mvkdufyghrvm;}} ]]b,fvurmvJum? usewoawGu dk f S G f hJ l okH;pGJMurSmaygh ul;wkdYcawmifrS rwwfomvkdY tpOftvmt&rkdYxnfhay;Muwmyg tif;.. &,fjcif;uay;wJhtawG;tjrifawGu w&m;us p&maumif;ovkd odyfNyD;wefzkd;&Sdygay&JUuGm}} ]]'Dawmh rif;taeeJY rdef;r? v,f,m ajr? pd e f a &T a iG a wG u &,f w mrcH & atmif BudK;pm; ayawmholi,fcsif;}} ]]pd w f c sa[h pd w f c s b,f a wmh r S t&,frcHbl;}} ol i ,f c sif ; vnf ; ok d Y a jymqk d N yD ; cPMumonf h t cg pma&;ol u k d E I w f q uf jyefoGm;avNyDwnf;/ pd M w&H o D

&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf &J&ifhwnfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh b0ukd &ifqkdifvsuf atmifjrifpGmjzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY "r0D&*sme,fzwfMupkdU

FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS OF THE MAGGATTHA ..

"r0D&onfvlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

35

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opmav;yg; w&m;awmf
qk j ynf h p k H v d I i f

av;opm*kPf0garmuf xGef;awmufyt&d,m/ / r*fav;jzmpOfumayguf xGef;awmufa&mif0g/ / av;opm ae&musus/ / jrwfbkef;rkd usrf;tqkdrdefYawmfcsufukd OD;&GufcsifvS/ / 'kuopmukd yki;f jcm;odjcif;/ ork', d opmukdy,fjcif;/ eda&m"opmukd rsufarSmuf jyKjcif;/ r*opmukd yGm;rsm;jcif;[kqkdtyfaom r*fyk*dKvfwdkY wpfNydKifeufaqmif&Guftyfaom r*fwkdY\udpjzpfaom opmav;yg;w&m;wkdYukd ar;jref;pl;prf;aom tar;ykpmjzpfonf/ 'k u o p m qk d o nf r S m 'kuHawblruH0H? wPSmork'a,mba0/ eda&ma"memredAmeH? ra*gavmukwa&mrawm/ [laom vufoef;t|uxmESitnD hf bk H o k H ; yg;wk d Y Oyg'f ? |D ? bif tpOf r jywf puf&[wfvnfouJo?Ydk kyemrfwYdk tpOfrjywf h f wpfcsmcsmwpfywfywf Oyg'f? |D? bif qufpyf vsuf wpfzGm;zGm;jzpfrIysufrIawG qufvuf tpOf r jywf 'vpyf E S d y f p uf aejcif ; onf 'kuopmrnf\/ ork ' ,op m qk d o nf u m; xd k e mrf k y f E S p f c k w d k Y u k d rjywf j zpf vnf r I ES i f h q uf p yf v suf rjywf j zpf a tmif wnf a xmif w wf a om avmbwPS m onf ork',opmrnf\/ ork ' ,? 'k u E S p f y g;csKyf N id r f ; &m k y f e mrf w k d Y u k d tpOf r jywf pyf jzpfatmif wnfaxmifwwfaom ork', opm/ xkdork',wPSmonf wnfaxmiftyf aom k y f e mrf E S p f c k w k d Y jzpf r I y suf r I a wG wpfzGm;zGm;jzpfvsuf ESdyfpufaeaom 'ku opm/ ork','kuESpfyg;wkdY\ csKyfNidrf;&m jzpfaom edAmefonf eda&m"opmrnf\/

aumif ; jrwf a om r* i f & S p f y g;tusif h xk d ' k u ? ork ' ,wk d Y \ csKyf N id r f ; &m ed a &m"op m uk d & nf o ef v suf ed A m ef u k d rsufarSmuf jyKEkdif&eftaMumif;? aumif;jrwf aom r*if&Spfyg;tusifhonf r*opmrnf\/ yg|f t euf u k d a,mZemaomf okdYjzpf txufygygVdtykd'fukd teufa,mZemaomf? awblruH-bkHokH;yg; Oyg'f? |D? biftm;jzif?h rjywfqufpyfvsuwnf f aom? 0H-wpfcsmcsmwpfywfywf rjywfvnf vsufjzpfaeaom kyfemrfw&m;pkonf? 'kuH'k u o p m rnf o nf ? ba0-jzpf \ / wPS m kyfemrfwkdYukd rjywfjzpfatmif wnfaxmif zefqif; wwfaomwPSmonf? ork'a,mork',opm rnfonf? ba0-jzpf\/ edAmeH-'ku ork',opmESpfyg;wkdY csKyf N id r f ; &mjzpf a om ed A m ef o nf ? ed a &m a"memr- eda&m"opmrnfonf? ba0-jzpf\/ avmuk w a &m-Moumoavmu? ocF g & avmu? owavmurS vGefajrmufwwfaom r*f p d w f av;ck E S i f h , S O f jzpf a om? ra* g r*opmrnf\ [l? rawm-odtyf\/ teuf t "d y m ,f o nf u m; teuf t "d y m ,f r S m 'k u o p m uk d ykdif;jcm;odjcif;? ork',opmukdy,fjcif;? eda&m"opmukd rsufarSmufjyKjcif;? r*opmukd yGm;rsm;jcif;wnf;[laom r*fupav;yg;wkwif d Yd G avmukw&mr*fpdwf,SOfaom r*if&Spfyg;om vQif rcRwfr,Gif; edAmefokdY{uefa&mufaMumif; tppfjzpf r*opmxkduf\/ op m trS e f x k d u f a om avmuk w & mr* i f & S p f y g; r*ifjzpfaom r*if&Spfyg;ESifh,SOf aom r*fukokdvfav;ckwkdYrSm Oyg'fcP? |DcP umvudkrQ riHhvifhbJ tcgrvifhtusKd;ay;Ekdif pGrf;aom tumvdu*kPfESifhjynfhpkHonfjzpf r*opmtrSefxkdufavonf/ r[muk o k d v f E S i f h , S O f a om avmuD r * i f & S p f y g; avmuDjzpfaom r[mukokdvfESifh

,SOfaom r*ifw&m;&Spfyg;wkdYrSm tumvdu *kPfESifhrjynfhpkH r*opmrxdkufaomfvnf; r*fzvf edAmefoa&mufaMumif;um; trSepifppf dk Ydk f jzpfEkdifavonf/ y|mef;yp,eda'or*ypnf;a[mawmfrlykH okdY edAmefa&mufaMumif;jzpfEkdif onfudk y|mef;yp,eda'oyg|dawmf r*ypn;f odkYa[mawmfrlonf/ ]]uk o avm"ar m ? uk o v "r ? r* y p a ,e yp a ,m?? uk o vmed r * * F g ed ? or , k w u meH cE m eH ? r* y p a ,e yp a,m??}} ukoavm- ukokdvfjzpfaom? "arm0dwwf? orm0gpm? ormurE? ormtmZD0? orm0g,r? ormowd? ormorm"d [kqkdtyf aom r*ifw&m;ckESpfyg;wkdYonf? ukovukokdvfjzpfaom? "r- r[mukodkvf P 0dy,kwpwav;cktm;? r*ypa,e- b0orwd f d f abm*orwdwkdYESifhwuG r*fPfzkdvfPfokdY a&mufaMumif;\tjzpfjzifh? ypa,m Oyum& aum- aus;Zl;jyKwwfonf? a[mwd- jzpfay\/ wpf e nf ; tm;jzif h teuf j yef q k d y gaomf ukoavm- ukokdvfjzpfaom? "armynm? 0dwwf? orm0gpm? ormurE? orm tmZD0? orm0g,r? ormowd? ormorm"d [k qk d t yf a om r* i f w &m;&S p f y g;onf ? uk o v- uk o k d v f j zpf a om? "r r[muk o k d v f P or , k w f a v;ck t m;? r*yp a ,e- b0or w d ? abm*or w d ? r*fPf? zkdvfPf edAmefokdY a&mufaMumif;\ tjzpfjzifh? ypa,m Oygum& aum- aus;Zl;jyK wwf o nf ? a[mwk - jzpf \ / uk o vmed uk o k d v f j zpf u k e f a om? r* * F g ed - r* i f w&m;ckESpfyg; &Spfyg;wkdYonf? or,kwumeHrdrdwkdYESifh,SOfukefaom? cEmeH- emruEmw&m; wkdYtm;? r*ypa,e- r*fyp,taMumif;\ tjzpfjzifh? ypa,m Oygum&aum- aus;Zl;jyK wwfonf? a[mwd- jzpfay\/ teuf t "d y m ,f a omf u m; ynm? 0dwwf? orm0gpm? ormurE?

FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS OF THE MAGGATTHA ..

36

"r0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ jzpf y suf v suf rsuf p d w pf r S d w f u mvrQyif tvsOfrjywf'vpyf jzpfysuf tNrJrwnf twnf r NrJ o nf \ tcsuf u k d tuG u f u s qifjcif vuPmul;EkdifvQif ynmomoem awmf B uD ; uk d wnf a xmif r d o nf rnf \ / ynmomoemawmf B uD ; \ twG i f ; ok d Y a&mufonfrnf\/ ynmomoemawmfBuD;ukd uk d , f x d v uf a &muf c sD ; jr i f h y l a Zmf & onf r nf avonf/ trsm;yif0kd;0g;&SdMuyg|dom"uESifhjyqkdjcif; r* i f & S p f y g; tusKH ; 0if a om tmZD0|ruoDvukd trsm;yif0;dk w0g;&SMd uonf jzpf yg|dbmompum;ESifhjyqkdygtHh/ ,if;t|*ur*f? orm'd|[aomyk' d l f ormt0Dy&dwawm ywDwdorm'd|d [k qkdonf/ a,mZemaomf? ,m"rZmwd- tMuif w&m;oabmonf ? or m t0D y &d w awmrazmufrjyefaomtm;jzifh? awblruocFga&awbl r u ocF g &w&m;wk Y d u k d ? ywd xdrdatmif Iwwf\? wdwom- xkdYaMumifh? om"rZmwd- xkdoabmw&m;onf? orm'd|dor m 'd | d r nf \ / a,mZemjcif ; um; avmuDorm'd|dukdom &nfonf/ r*f z k d v f &S d a om or m "d | d ,m"rZmwd- tMuifw&m;oabm onf? ormt0Dy&dwawm- razmufrjyefaom tm;jzif h ? ed A m eH 0 g- ed A m ef u k d v nf ; aumif ; ? pwkp"rH0g- opmav;yg;w&m;wdkYukdvnf; aumif ; ? ywd - I w wf \ ? wd w o m xkdYaMumifh? om"rZmwd- xkdw&m;oabmonf? orm'd|d- orm'd|drnf\? um; r*fzkdvf&Sd aom orm'd|dukd&nfonf/ orm'd|donf y&d n mud p ? y[meud p ? op d u d & d , mud p ? bm0emudptm;jzifh av;yg;&Sd\/ or m ouF y um; ]]ormouFayEd {awemwd orm ouFayg}}/ {awe "are- xkdw&m;jzifh? ormrazmufrjyefaomtm;jzifh? ouFayEd- BuHpnf wwf u k e f \ ? wd w o m - xk d Y a Mumif h ? aom"arm- xkdw&m;onf? ormouFaygormouFy rnf\/ xkdormouFyonf aeurouFy? tAsmyg'ouFy? t0d[d omouFy [l ok;H yg; H &Sd\/ xk d Y a Mumif h oar m [0d a em'eD t|uxm okdYrdefYqkd\/ ]]umraxmed o amwd ? aeu r ouF a y g / Asmyg'awmed o amwd ? tAsmyg'ouF a y g / 0d [ d H o awm ed o amwd ? t0d [ d H o ouF a y g }} a,mouFayg- tMuifouFyonf? umrawm- umrbk H r S ? 0g- umr*k P f r S ? edoam- xGufajrmufonfwnf;? wdormxkdYaMumifh? aomouFayg- tMuifouFyonf? aeur ouFayg- aeurouFyrnf\/ orm0gpmr*i wpfyg;aompdwjf zifh f rkom;ajymqkdjcif;rSMuOf\/ wpfyg;yg;aompdwf jzif h yd o k e 0gpm? zk o 0gpm? or y v my 0gpmwk d Y r S MuOf a &S m if \ / xk d a v;yg;aom MuOfa&Smifjcif; wkdYonf r*f\a&S;tzkdYum; toD;oD;jzpfue\/ r*fcPum; rdpm0gpm[k k f qkdtyfaom av;yg;aomtukokdvf 'koDv apwem\ taMumif ; uk d jzwf j cif ; aMumif h wpfzefrjzpfjcif;ukdNyD;aponf\ tpGrf;jzifh r*f \ t*F g uk d j ynh f p k H a pvsuf wpf c k a om orm0gpmonfjzpf\/ ormurEr*ifvnf; wpfyg;aom pdwfjzifh ygPmwdygwrS MuOfa&Smif\/ wpfyg; aompd w f j zif h t'd E ' gerS MuOf a &S m if \ / wpfyg;aompdwfjzifh rdpmpm&rSMuOfa&Smif\/ xkdokH;yg; aomMuOfa&Smifjcif;wkdYonf r*f\ a&S;tzkw toD;oD;jzpfue\/ r*fcPum; Yd Ydk k f rdpmurE[k qktyfaom ok;H yg;aom tukovf d dk 'koDv apwemwkdY\taMumif;ukd jzwfjcif; aMumif h wpf z ef rjzpf j cif ; uk d N yD ; aponf \ tpGrf;tm;jzifh r*f\ t*FgwkdYukd jynfhpkHapvsuf wpf c k a omMuOf a &S m if j cif ; uk o k d v f j zpf av onf/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf ) qk j ynf h p k H v d I i f

ormtmZD0? 0D&d,? owd? {u*wm? r*if w&m;ukd,f&Spfyg;wkdYukd bm0emyGm;tyfaom tpOf y0wurtm;jzifh orm0gpm? ormurE? d ormtmZD0? ok;H yg;ukd oDvuE [kwpfpjk yK oDvomoem a&wGuf&onf/ 0D&d,? owd? {u*wm? ok;H yg;ukd orm"duE [kwpfpjk yK orm"domoema&wGuf&onf/ r* o p m yG m ;&if ; jzif h o D v omoemwnf j cif ; okdY omoemokH;&yfESihfa&wGuf r* o p m yG m ;enf ; xk H ; rS m oD v omoem a&wG u f t yf a om or m 0gpmr* i f w pf c k u k d rkom0g'? ydoke0gpm? zko0gpm? oryvmy 0gpm [k 0pD'kpkdufav;yg;jym;aqmufwnf/ ormurEr*ifukd ygPmwdygw? t'dE'ge? umarokrdpmpm&[k um,'kpkdufokH;yg;jym; aqmufwnf/ ckESpfyg;aom 'kpkdufwkd Y rdpmtmZD0wpfckukdxnfhaqmufwnf/ okdY aqmufwnfvQif tmZD0vQif &Spcajrmufaom f k tmZD0|ruoDvjzpfav\/ tmZD0|ru oDvwnforQumvywfvkH; oDvomoem twGif;okdYa&mufonfrnf\/ oDvomoem awmfukd ukd,fwkdifukd,fMuyfcsOf;uyf ylaZmf &onfrnfavonf/ orm"domoemawmfBu;D twGi;f qkua&mufjcif; d f orm"domoemawmf a&wGuftyf aom 0D&d,? owd? {u*wm r*ifokH;yg;ukd yGm;&m 0D&d,ESihfowdukdvufukdifxm;vsuf yx0Dpaom orxenf;vrf;wkvnf;aumif;? Yd rdrdaqmufwnftyfaom oDv*kPfvnf; aumif ; ? bk & m;paom *k P f a wmf w k d Y vnf;aumif; xdruyfNiavatmif wpfcwnf; d d k aomtmkHukdom ,lvsuf {u*wmorm"djzpf atmif ESvkH;oGif;jcif;onf orm"domoem awmfBuD;ukd wnfaxmifrdonfrnf\/ orm"d omoemawmfBuD;\twGif;okdYvnf; a&muf onfrnf\/ orm"domoem awmfBu;D ukvnf; d uk,wif uk,Mf uyfyaZmf& onfrnfavonf/ d f dk d l txG u f t jrwf q k H ; ynmomoemawmf B uD ; yl a Zmf & jcif ; 0D&,? owd? {u*wm [kqtyfaom d dk r*ifw&m;ukd,fokH;yg;ESifh orm"domoemawmf BuD;ukd wnfaxmifrdonf&Sdaomf 0dwuf[k qktyfaom ormouFyr*ijf zifh twZ0 rde;f r d D a,musfm;[k pGJvrf;uyfNidaeaom oum, 'd|d Bu;D rSvwuif;avatmif kyemrfEpcwudk G f f S f k Ydk aygif;pkwnfrudk xdratmif ormouFyr*if I d jzif h B uH p nf or m 'd | d r * i f [ k q k d t yf a om ynmjzif h k y f e mrf E S p f y g;wk d Y \ wpf z G m ;zG m ;

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfaponf/ pmrsuf E S m 28 rS apmif ; ynmoif a y;&ef jiif ; qd k v k d u f o nf / ]]rlodv}} url pdwfysuftm;avsmhjcif;r&SdbJ.. *kwv\rdbrsm;xH iHvQKd ;csO;f uyfonf/ *kwv d Yk d rdbrsm;\ tdrfrIudprsm;udk ulnDaqmif&Guf ay;onf/ *kwdvu apmif;ynmoifay;ygrnhf taMumif; rdbrsm;rSwqifh awmif;yefonf/ oif,lcGifhawmif;onf/ rdbrsm;u ]]oifay; vkdufyg om;&,f..olYcrsm apmif;ynmudk trSefwu,fwwfcsif? uRrf;usifvdrmcsifwJh wynhfwpfOD;jzpfygw,fuG,f}} apmif;q&mBuD; ]]*kwdv}} onf rdb rsm;u oifMum;ay;&ef tBudrfBudrfwdkufwGef; aomaMumifh ]]rlodv}} tm; apmif;ynmuddk oifMum;ay;vkuonf/ oifMum;ay;onfq&m d f kd 0w&m;aus? omrefr[kw?f q&mpm;yif rcsef bJ ynmukefoifMum;ay;vkdufonf/ trSeqygrl ]]*kwv}} onf trIxrf; f kd d wpf O D ; jzpf o nf / jA[ ' wf r if ; BuD ; xH w G i f ]]apmif;ynm&Si}f } tjzpf trIxrf;&jcif;jzpfonf/ rif;BuD; vdktyfwm0efay;onhftcg? rdrd\ apmif ; ynmjzih f azsmf a jzwif q uf & onf / odkYtwGuf jA['wfrif;BuD;u xdkufwefaom vpmay;xm;avonf/ ]]armifrif;..rlovu apmif;ynmeJY d trIxrf;vdaMumif; q&mBu;D *kwvu avQmuf k d xm;w,f}} rSefovm;... a&SUawmfodkYcHpm;vmaom rlodvudk rif;BuD;u ar;jref;vkdufonf/ ]]rSevaMumif;ygbk&m;}}.. ]]aumif;NyD f S vc&dumuawmh armifrif;&JUq&m&wJh vpm xuf0ufudkyJ &ayr,f}} rif;BuD;\qHk;jzwfcsuf udk rlodvu auseyfrIr&Sdacs/ ]]ig[m..q&meJYapmif;ynmwef;wl nDwl wwfuRrf;ygvsufeJY q&m&JUvpmxuf 0uf b J &r,f q d k w m w&m;rQwrI r &S d b l ; }} rl o d v u ol \ cH p m;csuf t m; rif ; BuD ; od k Y jyefvnfavQmufxm;onf/ ]]aumif;NyDav..armifrif;taeeJY q&mBuD;*kwdv&JU apmif;ynmeJYtqifhtwef; wlnDaMumif; vufawGUynmpGrf;jyEdkif&ifawmh q&mhvpmeJY wef;wlay;r,f...}} rif;BuD;u xdkodkYqdkrdefYMum;vkdufNyD; vmrnhfckepf&ufajrmufaeY rif;&ifjyif q&m ESihfwynhf apmif;ynmNydKifap&ef owfrSwfay; vkdufavonf/ apmif;q&mBuD;*kwvonf wynhf jzpfolu olESihfzufNydKifrnfqdk pdwfMunfvif rIr&SdbJ 0rf;enf;pdk;xdwfpdwfrsm;om pdk;rdk;aerd awmhonf/ ]]NydKifyGJrSm wynhfjzpfol rlodv IH;edrfh ygrl taMumif;r[kwf? rdrdIH;edrfhygrl t&SufuGJ? uJ&UJ p&mjzpfawmhrnf/ wynhjf zpfoEihf ,SONf yKd if h l S rIrjyKawmhbJ rdru,rrd tqH;k pD&if&ef qH;k jzwf d kd f d NyD; awmxJodkY0ifcJhavonf/ xdtcg odMum;rif;onf ]]*kwv}} \ k d teD;aumif;uifrS&yf ]]aus;Zl;rJhwJh wynhf tay:rSm toifq&mjzpfolom atmifEdkif& r,f/ apmif;NyKd iyusi;f yrJaeY&ufMu&if tuREyf f JG h kf odMum;rif; vma&mufunr,f? aMumuf&UHG jcif; l D uif;pGmeJY &J0pmNyKd iyukd 0ifygawmh}} [k tm;ay; hH G f JG pum;ajymMum;vdkufonf/ q&mESihf wynhfapmif;NydKifyGJusif;y rnhaeY&ufoYkd a&mufcNhJ y/ rif;Bu;D onf nDvmcH f D rdzk&m;? trwf? ykPm;? ol<u,fponhf tNcH t&Hrsm;jzifh *kwdvESifhrlodvwdkY\ apmif;ynm NyKd iyukd tuJcwfMunhem;qifaeMuavonf/ f JG f I yxrydkif;wGif q&mwynhfESpfOD;pvHk; vuf&nfwnMD uonf/ odMum;rif;onf *kwv l d \ OD;acgif;txuf &yfwnfa&muf&vmonf/ dS *kwvrSwpfyg; odMum;rif;udk rnforQrjrifawGU d l &acs/ odMum;rif;u *kwdvtm; apmif;BudK; wpfacsmif;udkjzwfavmh[kqdkvkduf? *kwdvu apmif;BudK;wpfacsmif;udkjzwfvdkufonf/ jywf aomapmif;BuKd ;\ apmif;d;k rSyif om,memaysmf zG,faom apmif;oHonfxGufay:vmonf/ odMum;rif;\ apcdkif;csuftwdkif; *k w d v onf 'k w d , ..wwd , ponf j zih f apmif;BudK; (7) acsmif;pvHk;udk jzwfawmuf wD; cwfaeonf/ apmif;BudK;tm;vHk;jzwfawmufxm; vsuEifh wD;cwfvuaomapmif;oHonf csKd om f S dk f emaysmfzG,fjzpfaeNyD; xdkapmif;oHonf Am&m PoDjynfwpfjynfvHk;odkYyif zHk;vTrf;oGm;awmh onf/ wynhjf zpfol ]rlov} onf q&mhenf; d wl apmif;BudK;rsm;udk jzwfawmufwD;cwf&m apmif;oHvHk;0xGufay:vmjcif;r&Sdawmhacs/ xdktcg MunhfIem;qifaeMuaom y&dowfwdkY onf ae&mrSxum ]]rlodv}} tm; 0dkif;0ef;zrf; qD;Muawmhonf/ rdrd\ ynmtwdkif;twmudkrod? rdrd q&mudk tefwkonf/ q&m\ *kPfaus;Zl;udk qefYusifonf[k ajymqdkum? cJ? wkwfponfwdkY jzihf ypfcwfuEuMf uaomaMumifh rlovonf kd f S d xdkae&myif toufaysmufoGm;awmhonf/

37

&Sifa'0'wfonf &[ef;tjzpf&&SdNyD; yd#uwfoHk;yHkudk wwfajrmufvmcJhonf/ psmef tbdnmOfrsm;vnf; &&SdvmcJhonf/ xdkodkY yd#uwfoHk;yHkwwfajrmufjcif;? psmeftbdnmOfrsm; &&Sjd cif;wdonf jrwfpmbk&m; Yk G ESihf vHk;0rywfouf? rdrdBudK;yrf;rI? rdrdpGrf;tm;? oufawmihoufomjzpfxe;f &&Sjd cif;jzpfonf[k f G ajymqdkaMujimavonf/ xdoajymqdaMumif;udk jrwfpmbk&m; k Ykd k G Mum;odaomtcg ]]cspfom;&[ef;wdkY? a'0'wf onf ,ck r S o m q&mjzpf a omigbk & m;ud k ykeuefjcm;em;onfr[kwao;? a&S;tcguvnf; f f q&mjzpfol ihgtm;? aus;Zl;uef;cJhonf}} [l azmfjyyg ]]*kwdv}} Zmwf (q&mESifhNydKifaom wynhf) udk a[mMum;awmfrlcJhjcif;jzpfygonf/ ]]rkov}} apmif;orm;onf a'0'wf? d odMum;rif;onf t&SitEk'g ? jA['wfrif;onf f k t&SitmeEm? *kwvapmif;orm;um; igbk&m; f d yif jzpfawmhayonf[k Zmwfaygif;udk a[mMum; awmfrlcJhygonf/ t*F v d y f p um;yH k w pf c k r S m Empty vessels make the most noise (bmrQr&Sdonhf pnfonftvGeus,avmifonhtoHukd jzpfap f f f onf}}) [k t"dym,f&&Sdonf/ jrefrmrlt&rl ]]rjynhfwJhtdk; abmifbifcwf}} [k t"dym,f xif&Sm;onf/ xdkYtwl jrefrmpum;yHkwpfckrSm vnf; ]]t&dyfcdkcdk tcufcsdK;csdK;}} (To wrong one's benefactor. To be ungrateful.) pum;yHk onfvnf; aus;Zl;&Sifudk jypfrSm;onhft"dym,f yifjzpfonf/ oifq&m? jrifq&m? Mum;q&mwdkY tm; udk,fpdwfESvHk;oHk;yg;pvHk;jzihf rjypfrSm;oifh aMumif; ]]*kwv}} ZmwfaMumif;jzihf b0oifcef;pm d xkwf,loifhygaMumif; wifjyvdkuf&ygonf/ pmud k ; / 1/ rmP0 ]]ed y gwf a wmf v m-Zmwf a wmf ig;&mig;q,f } } [d e f ; rif ; xuf (pd e f u ef Y v ef Y )

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

38

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

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xkdjrif;\ jrif;xdef;rSm ]*d&d'w} trnf&aom jrif ; xd e f ; jzpf \ / jrif ; xd e f ; rS m ajccG i f a eol wpfa,mufjzpf\/ vrf;avQmufvQif omref vlwuo;dk k;d ravQmufEi?f oltaetxm;t& Ydk hJ Ydk dk Y uGwuGwjzifavQmufavonf/ olonf oljY rif; h y@0\ESmIyfBudK;ukd udkifa&SUrSoGm;aomf y@0onfvnf; olYtxdef;awmfa&SUrS avQmuf oGm;ouJhokdY oluaemufrS vkdufNyD; ajcaxmuf ukdcGifavQmuf\/ olYpdwf a&SUuoGm;aom jrif;xde;f u oluokavQmuf&ef oifjyonf[k Y dk Yd t,lrm;\/ Mumaomf tusijhf zpf r*Fvmjrif; S y@0vnf ; taumif ; yuwd u ajccG i f oGm;avonf/ xkdtaMumif;ukd rif;csif;wkdYu bk&ifBuD;ukdavQmufwifMuonf/ bk&ifonf csucsi;f yif orm;wkuvw r*Fvmjrif;tm; f Yd dk T f Munfhaponf/ orm;wkdYvnf; xkdjrif;ukdoGm; Munf h I p rf ; oyf & m rnf o nf h a &m*gwpf c k r S prf ; oyf & S m azG r awG U &S d a y/ xk d t aMumif ; uk d rif ; BuD ; tm;jyef a vQmuf v Qif rif ; BuD ; vnf ; bk & m;tavmif ; ynm&S d t rwf u k d vT w f Munfhaponf/ ynm&Sdtrwfvnf; jrif;ukd omru jrif;\ywf0ef;usifukdyg avhvmpl;prf; ppf a q;aomf ajccG i f a eaomjrif ; xd e f ; tm; awGUjrifavonf/ jrif;ajccGif&onfhtaMumif; t&if;rSm xkaMumifyifjzpfonf[k od&em;vnf Yd h dS oGm;\/ xkdtaMumif;ukd rif;BuD;tm;avQmuf wifaomf rif;Bu;D u rnfojYdk yKvy&vQif aumif; k f rnfenf;[k tBuawmif;aomf ynm&Sd trwfu H jrif;xdef;ukd tjcm;vlaumif; wpfa,mufESifh vJvkduf&efavQmufwif tBuHjyK\/ trwfBuD; \ tBujH yKcsutwki;f jrif;xde;f udvvuaomf f d k J dk f xkdrSp ajcrcGifawmhyJ r*Fvmjrif;ppfppf wpfaumifjyef jzpfoGm;avawmhonf/ Zmwfaygif;vQif ,cka'0'wfonf xkdtcgu *d&d'w? ,ck qefYusifzufjzpfaom taygif ; tazmf w k d Y u k d rS D 0 J a om&[ef ; onf xkdtcgu r*Fvmjrif;? ,ck tmeEmonf xkd tcgu Am&mPoD r if ; ? ,ck igbk & m;rS m xk d t cgu ynm&S d t rwf [ l Zmwf a ygif ; avonf/ aZmf a emif usr;f u k d ; *d&d'wZmwf? ig;&mhig;q,fedygwfawmf anmifuefq&mawmf/

a&S;oa&mtcg jynfAm&m ]]omr}} rnfrif; rif;jyKcg/ Ak'avmif;vsm xkdpOfu trwfwpfOD;jzpfcJh&/ ]]y@0}} wJhac:wGifyg? r*Fvmjrif;wpfaumif&Sd&m/ jrif;xdef;onfrSm rnfemr? ac:wGifonfrSm ]]*d&d'w}}/ jrif;xdef;onfb0 oem;p&m? ajcESpfacsmif;rSm cGifae&Sm/ ESmBudK;ukdifum ola&SUu? vrf;avQmufonfrSm uGww? aemufuvkduf& y@0/ uGwuGw tNrJjrif? y@0pdwfxJwpfrsKd;xif/ olYukdoifjy t,lvGJ? ajcukdcGif vkdufavQmufNrJ/ tJ'Dowif; aqmif,lum? rif;csif;wkdYu avQmufwif&m/ rif;jrwf&mZm olrdefYMum;? ac:Muaq;orm;/ tajy;tvTm; a&mufvm? orm;awmfwkdYppfaq;&m/ b,ftemrS jrif;wGifr&Sd? bmaMumifhjzpfonf olwkdYrod/

ynm&Sdtrwf apvTwfum? r*Fvmjrif;tm;Munfhap&m/ ajcaxmufcGif bmvkdYavQmuf? aMumif;&if;Zmpfjrpf oabmayguf/ eef;awmfjyefa&muf cpm;0if? bk&ifBuD;ukd olavQmufwif/ ajccGifaewJh jrif;orm;? tJ'gtwk,rm;/ l S

bk&m;avmif;&JU tpDtpOf? jrif;xdef;onfukd vJvkdufvQif/ r*Fvmjrif; ajccGifaysmuf? ykHrSeftwkdif; oljyefavQmuf/ / twd w f \ yk H & d y f tcgwpfyg; jrwfpmbk&m;&Sif a0VK0ef G ausmif;awmfoDwif;okH;awmfrlpOf qefYusif buf tazmftaygif;ukdrSD0Jwwfaom &[ef; wpfyg;ukdtaMumif;jyKvsuf ,ck(*d&d'wZmwf) uk d a [m Mum;awmf r l j cif ; jzpf y gonf / jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f onf &[ef ; rS m ,ck r S o mvQif ok d Y j yKrl onf r [k w f bJ a&S;uvnf; okdYjyKcJhzl;NyD[l twdwfukd aqmifawmfrlygonf/ Am&mPoDjynf ]omr} rnfaomrif; rif;jyK\/ xkdtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf trwf rsKd; jzpf t&G,fa&muf&Sdaomf omrrif;\ tusKd;taMumif;ukd qkH;rvrf;Tefwwfaom trwfwpfOD;jzpfvmygonf/ xkdrif; ]y@0} rnf a om r*F v mjrif ; awmf w pf a umif & S d \ /

DHAMMA TALKS
"r0D&onf ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;twGuf jzpfonf/

39

2 ]]avmuNir;f csr;f rIEihf om,mpnfyifzNYGH zKd ;wk;d wufr&&Sap&ef}} Ak' "rw&m;xGe;f um;a&;? avmuygvw&m;ukd avmuom;tm;vk;H d S I d
ESvkH;oGif;vufcHusifhokH;EkdifMuapa&; vkdtyfygrnf/ 2 pmrsuEmae&mwGi?f q&mBu;D OD;a&Tatmif\ ]]Ak'avmuom;wk\ tEIi;f rJaus;Zl;&Sif (uk,usiA'0if)}}rS yg&rDawmfrsm;ukd f S Yd d h d f hf k jznfhusifhawmfrljcif;}} tykdif;\ tESpfxJrS tESpftpktcsKdUukd zwfrSwfvG,fulusifhokH;Ekdifap&ef a&G;xkwfazmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/ t,f'DwmtzJGY

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uH Pf 0D&d,
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Uninhibited Monastic Life for Nuns

By NISSARA HORAYANGURA, THE BANGKOK POST, JULY 28,2009

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Meditating in a peaceful all-woman environment

vlolreD;awm&ckdrSD;aeMuaom oDv&SifBuD;wkd\ b0 h
tRANSLATED Into Myanmar Language by Dhamma Vira Thandar, ITBM University, Yangon.
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"r 0 D & -oE m jyef q d k w if j yonf

(Continue from last week) Another significant contribution the nuns make is providing positive role models, especially for young girls and women.

aemufwpfcsufrSm oDv&Sifq&mBuD;rsm;udk,fwdkif OD;aqmif vkyfudkifaqmif&GufaerIrsm;onf i,f&G,folrdef;uav;rsm;tygt0if rdef;rom;wdkif;twGuf csD;usL;twk,lMu&rnfh pHjyyk*dKvfrsm;jzpfvmEkdif Muap&ef t"dyg,fjynhf0aom ulnDaxmufyHhay;rIBuD;rsm;yifjzpfonf/
Says Ajahn Sister Vayama, "One value of the nun's monstery being independent is that we model the behaviour of being competent and capable and legitimate teachers of the dhamma. We're not in competition with Ajahn Brahm or the monks. But being separated allows us to be appreciated in our own right, not in comparision to them."

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In so doing, the nuns give women something to aspire to in their spiritual development. But more than that, they also provide exemplars of leadership in any field, not just spiritual.

pmrsuf E S m 23 ok d Y