uqkefvjynfh Ak' tcgawmfaeY

Nidrf;csrf;OD;

vlrkduf
olawmfaumif;w&m;usi&ef rdwaqGaumif; hf f ukd&Smaomolonf rdrdxufoDv? orm"d? ynmomvGeaomoluvnf;aumif;? rdrEihf f dk d S *kPf&nfwljzpfaomolukdvnf;aumif; r& Ekicr?l wpfa,mufwnf;om aumif;pGmusihf d f hJ &m\/ vlrkdufyifjzpfaomfvnf; rdrdrkdufaMumif; odaomolonf uJotrSeowwfojzifh h Ydk f d ynm&Sdrnf\/ vlrkdufjzpfvsuf rdrdukd,fukd ynm&S[k rSwxifaomoludk rdrruaMumif; d f d dk f ukdrQ rodwwfojzifh wuJhynmrJhvlrkduf[k ac:\/ [if;arTaom a,mufronf umvMumjrifh pGm [if;arTaomfvnf; tayghtief tzef tcg;paom ,if;\t&omukd rodouJoYdk h olrkdufonf touf&SnforQumvywfvkH; ynm&SdESifh twlae qnf;uyfjim;aomf vnf; olawmfaumif;w&m;ukd rodav/ vQmonf csKdcsOfcg;zeftieftayghpaom [if;\t&omukd vsifjrefpGmodouJhokdY tvdrmPf&Sdaomolonf wpfcPrQyif ynm&Sudk qnf;uyf&vQirl olawmfaumif; d f w&m;ukd vsifjrefpGmodav\/ trIwpfckckukdjyKvkyfonfhtwGuf aemifw wpf z ef y l y ef & wwf ? rsuf & nf p uf v uf ikauR;vsuf qif;&Jc&wwfvQif xktrIonf d H d raumif;/ trIwpfckckukdjyKvkyfonfhtwGuf aemifw wpfzefyyefjcif;rjzpf&bJ aumif;usK;d csr;f om l ukd ESpouf0rf;ajrmufpm cHpm;&vQif xktrI f G d onf aumif;\/ t*r[my@dw-yxrausmf toQifao|dv\ "ry'ygVdawmf (jrefrmjyef)rS

Za,m ,H pu y g'? earm aw yk & d o k w r / Z,Haem wGH y*PSmk? ,m0edAme ywd,m/ yk&dokwr= aAm"dqkBuD;? &G,fwdkif;NyD;atmif? &SmrSD;jyKvkyf? BudK;tm;xkwf? yk&dokwr? emrxif&Sm;? &Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;.../ t,H = tued | ? rd k ; rS j A[ m ? t&d , mwd k Y ? r*F v moQE D ? atmif c G e f ; csD o nf h tcgumv? or,onfum;..... g'= puyg' ig;yg;rm&fGefY? &eft0SefYudk? r&GHUrxdwf? jcaoFhpdwfjzihf? eif;ESdyf tHhiSm? toihfygom;? wpf&mh&SpfuGuf? NydK;NydK;jyufonfh pufawmfacGHk? ajcawmftpHk &Sdawmfrlaom... aw = &Sifawmfbk&m;\? k f k f d hf JG H Za,m = Zmwdacwfaygif;? wduwpfaomif;0,f? duanmif;Ncrn?H atmifycaom? tcgygbk&m;..../ earm = ig;yg;rm&f[kef? atmifjrifyHkudk? tmHka&SUoGm;? tOD;xm;? 0yfwGm;dkusKd;? &Sdcdk;uefawmhyg\bk&m;.../ wGH = &Sifawmfbk&m;onf.... = uqkefvjynhf? Ak'aeY csrf;ajrUylZm? r*Fvmudk? o'ga&SUajy;jyKtHha&;jzihf? aem pnf;a0nDrl? &SdMuygukefaom? wynhfawmfwdkYtm;/ m= ,m0edAme ywd,m edAmef[lonf? ab;rJhjynfodkY? udk,fpDudk,fi a&muf qdkufMuonfh? umvwdkifatmif..../ Z,H = ab;'Pf&efp,?f tE&m,fukd vSey,fEiarmif;? atmifjrifaMumif;[kawmif; G f S f orQatmifqk? tpkpkudk? f kd l y*Pk= &Gwwi;f Ny;D ajrmuf? c&D;aygufatmif? cs;D ajrmufaomtm;? ay;oem;awmfryg S t&Sifbk&m;.../ (wdyd#u"& "rb@m*g&du rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; t&Sif0dpdwom&mbd0Ho a&;om; ylaZmfawmfrlaom *gxmjzpfygonf/)

pmrsuf E S m 14 ok d Y

VOW

"r0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

Aka'gaAma",sH
opmw&m;ukigoovk?d d d a0ae,swoap&rnf Ydk d
'kdYwm0efta&;oHk;yg; jynfaxmifpk rNydKuJGa&; wkdif;&if;om; pnf;vHk;nDnGwfrI rNydKuJGa&; tcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfwHhckdifNrJa&;

rkawmarmap,sH
b0taESmiftzJGrS igvwovkd a0ae,swYdk h G f vGwap&rnf f

wdaPmwma&,sH
oHo&m0J*,ufrS igu;l ajrmufEiovkd dk f a0ae,swYdk ul;ajrmufapEki&rnf d f

"r0&*sme,f D
'kdYta&; 'kdYta&; 'kdYta&;

,ck t ywf zwf p &m u@

jynfolYoabmxm; - jynfytm;ukd;ykqdefkd;tqkd;jrif0g'Drsm;tm;qefYusifMu - Ekiiawmf wnfNirat;csr;f a&;ESihf Ekiiawmfw;dk wufa&;ukd dfH df dfH aESmifh,SufzsufqD;olrsm;tm; qefYusifMu - Ek d i f i H a wmf \ jynf w G i f ; a&;uk d 0if a &muf p G u f z uf aESmifh,Sufaom jynfyEkdifiHrsm;tm; qefYusifMu - jynfwGif;? jynfytzsuform;rsm;tm; bHk&efoltjzpf owfrSwfacsrIef;Mu EkdifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4)&yf - EkdifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh w&m; Oya' pkd;rkd;a&; - trsKd;om;jyefvnf pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&; - ckdifrmonfh zJGYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'opfjzpfay:vma&; - jzpfay:vmonfh zJGYpnf;yHktajccHOya'opfEitnD S hf acwfrzYGH NzKd ;wk;d wufaomEkdifiHawmfopfwpf&yf D wnfaqmufa&; pD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf (4)&yf - pkdufysKd;a&;ukdtajccH tjcm;pD;yGm;a&;u@rsm;ukvnf; d bufpHkzHGUNzdK;wkd;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&; - aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepf yDjyifpGmjzpfay:vma&; - jynfwi;f ? jynfyrStwwfynmESit&if;tES;D rsm; zdwac: G hf f pD;yGm;a&;zHYG NzKd ;wk;d wufatmif wnfaqmufa&; - EkdifiHawmfpD;yGm;a&;wpf&yfvHk;ukd zefwD;Ekirpr;f tm;onf dfIG EkdifiHawmfESifhwkdif;&if;om; jynfolwkdY\vuf0,fwGif&Sda&; vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4)&yf - wpfrsK;d om;vH;k \ pdw"mwfEihf tusipm&dwj rifhrm;a&; f S hf - trsKd;*kPf? Zmwd*kPfjrifhrm;a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rItarG tESprsm;? trsK;d om;a&;vuPmrsm;raysmufysuatmif f f xde;f odr;f apmifa&Smufa&; h - rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf &Sifoefxufjrufa&; - wpfrsK;d om;vH;k use;f rmBucia&;ESiynm&nfjrifrm;a&; hH dk f hf h

Address
Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

uavmif&Sifrsm; pmrsufESm - rJxD;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; - 33 t*r[my@dw b' E ukrm& - v,fwDq&mawmf - - - - - - 20 'kw,ygarmucsKyq&mawmf(pDr)H d f t*r[m*E0gpuy@dw b' EaZmwdu(M.A) - t&SifZeumbd0Ho - - - - 28 - yckuLq&mawmf - - - - - - 13 'kw,ygarmucsKyq&mawmf(ynm) d f - t,f'Dwmtmabmf - - - 3 tbd"rmyd#ur[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmuq&mawmf - OD;oDvmpm& - - - - - - - 5 t*r[m*E0gpuy@dw b' Eax&dE(M.A) - b'EZedEom&(o'raZmwdu"Z) 4 yd#uwfqi&mygVpmayXme? XmerSL;^ygarmuq&mawmf - &SifP(zsmykH) - - - - - - - 6 dk f d t*r[m*E0gpuy@dw b' Ey@dwmbd0o(M.A) - t&Sifaum0d'"Z - - - - - - 24 H okw Ey#uwfr[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmuq&mawmf - t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY) - - - 9 d - wuokdvfoQifoD&d - - - - - - 7 r[m*E0gpuy@dw b' Eore(M.A) k Ak'a'oemjyefym;a&;ynmXme? XmerSL;^ygarmuq&mawmf - Nidrf;csrf;OD; - - - - - - - - - 1 hG - jrwfa0(a&Tjynfom)- - - - - 12 pmwnf;csKyf - aZmfaemif - - - - - - 38 - oef;oef;wifh - - - - - - - - 37 r[mo'raZmwdu"Z wuovoQio&d dk f f D - "r0D&oEm - - - - - - - - 40 ("rmp&d,? bDat) - jrifhodef;(armfuRef;) - - - - - 27 - [dawoD em*odef - - - - - 11 pmwnf;tzJG Y ? jynfpkd;? "rxufukd - cifolZmjrifh - - - - - - - - 35 - a':av;aiGpEm - - - - 31 pDrHa&;&m? NzKd ;rmrm - yefqkjrwf - - - - - - - - - 36 xk wf a0 ol - armifjynfh - - - - - - - - - 17 wifp;dk (NrJ -04266) vIiMf unfjzL "r0&pmaywkuEihf - ppfukdif;0if;a&T - - - - - - 19 d D d fS 'D*spw,fpmMunfwuf f h dk - "r0D& - - - - - - - - - 16 - bkef;atmifausmf - - - - - - 26 - oDvrkd;pufyGifh - - - - - - - 30 tjyiftqif uGefysLwm - ,k0wDa&T0gpdef - - - - - - 8 rk;d Bu;D ? NzKd ;NzKd ;Zmjcnf? jrwfE;dk ykif d - wuokdvfjraoG; - - - - - - 39 -atmifvHqkd;ay - - - - - - 8 jzefYcsda&; wk\txl;aqmif;yg;? owif;ESihf Yd vIiMf unfjzL"r0&pmaywkuf d D d uAsmrsm;/ zke;f - 0980 23992? 0950 01401? 01-507208 rk;d aumif;uifpmay? trSw(f 134)? tcef;(6)? 36-vrf;(v,f)? &mpkopf\ pdeac:rIrsK;pkudk f d H ausmufwwm;NrKd e,f? &efueNf rKd /YU H U k &J&ifwnfMunfaom pdwf h zke;f -01-253255 Nir;f csr;f aom d xGe;f OD;pmay(rEav;) zke;f 02-39801

Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfrsm;

yH k E S d y f
wifatmif0if;? bk;d &mZmykEywuf H dS f dk trSw(f 162)? (45)vrf;? AkvwaxmifNrKd e,f/ d f U

zvif
Empire Colour Repro

avmutjrifjzifh b0ukd &ifqivsuf atmifjrifpm dk f G jzwfoef;EkiMf uzkYd d "r0&*sme,f zwfMupkhd D

EDITORIAL
"r0D&onf "ropmudk Tefjyonf/

"r0D&\ wkdufwGef;csuf
&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd &J&ifwnfMunfaom pdwf h Nidr;csrf;aom avmutjrifjzifh f b0uk&ifqivsuf atmifjrifpm d dk f G jzwfoef;EkiMf uzkYd d "r0&*sme,f zwfMupkhd D oHo&mrSwfwrf;ukd jyifvkdr&ygbl; vlawGukdnmvkdY&csif&r,f/ orkdif;ukdnmvkdY&csif&r,f/ rdru,urrawmif nmcsi&if nmvkYd d dk f dk d d f &ygao;w,f/ oHo&mrSwwrf;rSmawmh t&S[m t&Sd f d twkdif; trSeftuefw&m;(opm)[m yDjyif xif&m;aerSmyJ? jyifvz;Hk vku,f S Ydk Yd G vkdYr&yg/ "rxufukd vktifujdk znfqnf;Mu&mrSm . . ./ d h vl ewf jA[mow0g[lorQ vkdtif awGeJY &SifoefaeMuwmyg/ tcsKdUaomvkdtifawGu vG,fvG,f ul u l ? tcsKd U aomvk d t if a wG u cufcufccrS &EkiwmrsK;d r[kwvm;/ J J d f f rdrdvkdcsifwJht&m[m wu,fwefzkd;&Sd wJht&mjzpfzkdY? rdrd&csifwmxuf rdrd &oifhwm ,loifhwmjzpfzkdY? rdrd&oifh ,loifhwmxuf rdrdtwGuf trSef wu,f vktyfwmjzpfz?Ydk trSewu,f d f vkwmxufuyJ jzpfEivQif avQm,zYdk d dk dk f h l (vkdtifukd edrfh,lzkdY)/ vkdtifukd jznfhqnf;&mrSm Nidrf;csrf; aompdweYJ &,ljcif;jzifh vktiftm;vk;H f d jynfh0ygvdrfhr,f/ Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzifhom yuwdt&Sd w&m;ukd jrifawGYEkdifNyD; rSefuefaom tqkH;tjzwfukd &J&ifhwnfMunfpGm csrSwfEkdifygw,f/ "rxufukd

pG r f ; tm;av;&yf u d k a&S U oG m ;jyKum txuf w ef ; b0 a&muf a &; Bud K ;pm;ay;

avmu vlom;[lorQ wm0ef wpfckckudk aqmif&GufMu&m0,f rdrdaqmif&Guf aomudp rNyD;NyD;atmif aqmif&GufMu&onf/ xdkodkYaqmif&GufMu&m cdkifNrJaom pGrf;&nf&&Sd vmonf/ ,if;udk pGrf;tm;[l ac:a0:Muyg onf/ xdpr;f tm;onf ouf&ow0g toD; oD; &Sovdk oufrt&m0wKrsm;vnf;&Sonf k G dS d hJ d udk awGU&ygrnf/ OyrmtyifaygufEkdifaom pGrf;tm;yg&Sdaom rsKd;aph? tudkif;tcuf? t&Guf rsm; tyifraygufao;apumrl aygufEkdifaom pGrf;tm; ADZowd&Sdonf/ xdkrsKd;aphu tyif aygufrIonfvnf; oufrJhpGrf;tm;yifjzpfygonf/ avmuobm0 jzpfatmifvkyfEkdifwm wnfwHhatmif vkyfEkdifwm? vIyf&Sm; oGm;vmEkdifwm[lorQ ponfwdkYonf pGrf;tm; aMumihfyifjzpfygonf/ ,if;pGr;f tm;udk ygVda0g[m&tm;jzihf Avwarmo,H?owd[l ac:qdaeMuonf/ k jrefrma0g[m& xif&Sm;aom pum;rSm Av ESihf owd[laom pum;a0g[m&jzpfygonf/ avmuvlom;wdkY ypKyef oHo&m BuD;yGm;csrf;omrIudkjzpfapEkdifaom pGrf;tm;BuD; (4) &yf&Sdonf/ xdkpGrf;tm;rsm;onf avmu vlom;wdkYtwGuf tvGefyif tusKd;aus;Zl;BuD; rsm;onf[k a[mxm;ygonf/ 1/ bk & m;? w&m;? oH C m &wem 3 yg; \ pG r f ; tm; Ak'?H "r?H oHCH *kPawmfwpfyg;yg;udk pGpNJG rNJ rJ t"d|mefxm;um &GwzwfyaZmfaeygu f J f l rdrdwGif usa&mufqJ usa&mufvwHU tE&m,f uif;NyD; avmuDaumif;usKd;pD;yGm;&EkdifaMumif;? Ak'u vrf;Tefxm;ygonf/ udk,fcHtm;enf;olum; a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd; usa&mufcHpm;Ekdifovdk &wemoHk;yg; pGrf;tm;enf;olrsm;tm; rdrd\ pdwf"mwftm;enf;rIESihf ewfaumif;ewfjrwfrsm; apmihfa&SmufrI tm;enf; tE&m,frsKd;pHk usa&mufEkdifovdk pD;yGm;Opmvnf; ratmifjrif usHI;wwfygonf/ 2/ usih f 0 wf r sm;pG m ES i h f n D p G m aus;Zl ; jyKwwf a om rd b wd k Y \ aus;Zl ; pG r f ; tm; avmuwGifrdbavmuf arwmw&m;BuD;rm;ol r&Sdyg? rdbwdkYonf rnfonfh t&mESirQEi;f r&Ekiyg/ t&m0wK[orQ 1000 ydi;f wpfyi;f rQom&Sygrnf/ rdbonf rdrukd fh Id d f l k kd d d i,fpOfuwnf;u auR;arG;apmiha&Smuf jyKpconf? ynmoifay;cJonf/ tarGOpm ay;cJonf/ f k hJ h h rQaus;Zl;Bu;D vSaom pGr;f tm;&Sif rdbudk rarh&? aus;Zl;qyf&rnf/ dao&rnf? jrwfE;kd &rnf? k vkyfauR;&rnf? xdkpGrf;tm;aMumihf rdrdb0 ypKyefwrvGef aumif;usKd;csrf;om &ygrnf/ 3/ q&musih f 0 wf r sm;ES i h f n D p G m ynmoif a y;aom q&mpG r f ; tm; vlYavmuvlYb0 &yfwnfEkdifa&;? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynm&&Sda&;twGuf q&mr&Sd? ig;ydzkwfaomfrS enf;rus qdkonfhtwdkif; avmu q&mpGrf;tm;onf tvGef ta&;BuD;ygonf/ xdkq&mudk rSD0Jqnf;uyf dkaojrwfEdk; ylaZmfMu&rnf/ xdkq&mpGrf; tm;aMumihvnf; rdrdwdkYb0 avmuDavmukwf csr;fom txkyfudk ,loGm;EkdifMurnf/ f umi 4/rd w f a umif ; aqG a umi f; taygif ; toif ; aumif ; pG r f ; tm; avmuBuD;yGm;a&;wGif rdb q&morm;NyD;vQif tvGefta&;BuD;aom yk*dKvfrSm rdwfaumif;? aqGaumif;jzpfygonf/ Ak'u avmuBuD;yGm;aMumif;w&m; uvsmPrdw or'gESihf jynhfpHk&rnf[k a[mxm;ygonf/ xdkYaMumihf avmu avmuD avmukwfBuD;yGm;csrf;omvdkaom olwdkYonf pGrf;tm; (4) &yfudk rjywfqnf;uyf aqmif&GufMu&ef? dkaoav;pm; jrwfEdk;aqmif&GufMu &ef today;wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmftyfygownf;/ t,f ' D w m

FORE ARTICLES

"r0D&onf t"rw&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

0#ftNrJ i&Jty qdkaomfvnf;..

b' b' E Z ed E om & (rH&maeZm) k G

(u) ]]0#frSmtNrJ i&JrSm ty}} qdkwJh pum; udk oHk;pGJaeMuwm MumygNyD/ 0#fqdkwm tNrJcH& w,f/ i&Jqdkwm ty,duyJ rSwfxifaeMuyg w,f/ 'gaMumifrYkd ]][Jaumifav; jcifaumifukd h h owfrSmjzihf aoatmifowfvkduf? raor&Sif rvkyfxm;eJY? 0#fvkdufwwfw,faemf}} qdkwJh pum;rsdK;/ ]][Jhaumifrav;? ,ifaumifawGudk om;a&uGi;f eJY vSrzrf;raeeJ?Y ajcaxmufawGusKd ;d hf tawmifawGyJhukef&if 0#fvkdufwwfw,f[Jh}} qdkwJh toHk;tEIef;rsdK;awGudk rMumcP Mum;& avh&Sdayw,f/ ]]axmhusKd ;-axmhusKd ;eJY *sKd i;f axmufBu;D axmufumaxmufum oGm;aeoluawGUjrif&if kd vnf; tJ'g0#fvuwmayhgvdYk ajymMu&JU/ iwfrwf dk f G qif;&JwJh'Pf? olwpfyg;ESdyfpufwJh'Pf? rawmf rw&m;pGyfpGJrIawG cH&wJhtcgrSmvnf; 0#fa<u; &Sd&if ajyygapawmhvdkY qkawmif;avh&SdMuay w,f/ 0#fqwm qkawmif;HeYJ ajyrSmvm;qdwm kd k k udk pOf;pm;Munfhoifhygw,f/ 0#fa<u;awmfajy? 0#fa<u;awmfajyawmif (0efcsawmif) qdkwJh bk&m;apwDawG? awmifawG ay:vm? &Svmav d awmh tm;ud;k &Nyqwum qkawmif;Mujyefa&m? D kd hJ pOf;pm;Munhfyg/ udk,fvkyfcsif&m r[kwfr[yf tukodkvf'kpdkufawGavQmufvkyfNyD;rS 0#fa<u; &Sd&if ajyygap...vdkY vkyfvdkY&rwJhvm;/

Ak'b&m;&Si&ihrmBu;D awmif 0#fa<u; k f f &SdcJhavorQ bk&m;jzpfwJhtxdausatmif ay; qyfawmfr&w,f/ OD;acgif;awmfcjJ cif;? cg;awmf l emjcif;? ajcrawmfaoG;pdrf;&Sif&SifxGufjcif;? 0rf; awmfvm;jcif;..pwJh 0dygufawmf 12-yg;[m 0#fa<u;awGygyJ/ 0#fa<u;&S&ifawmh ausatmif d qyf&rSmayhgav/ 0#fa<u;awmfajyygap-qdvuf k kd HkeJY b,f&rSmvJ/ (c) -0#fqwm 0qdwhJ ygVdu qif;ouf kd k vmwm/ - 0&JUteufu vHk;jcif;-vnfjcif; qdkwJh t"dym,fyg/ Ak'pmay y#dporkyg 'fa'oemawmfrm S 0#foHk;yg;&Sdw,f/ udavo0#f? ur0#feJY 0dygu 0#f wdkYjzpfygw,f/ t0dZm? wPSm? Oyg'gefwdkY [m udavo0#fjzpfw,f/ ocFg&eJY urb0wdkY [mur 0 #f j zpf w ,f / 0d n mPf ? emrf k y f ? oVm,we? z? a0'em? Zmwd? Oy ywb0? d Z&mr&P-&Spfyg;wdkY[m 0dygu0#f jzpf ygw,f/ ygVda0g[m&awGqdkawmh em;vnfrSm r[kwfzl;? y#dporkyg'f oifwef;wufzl;ol Ak' tbd"rmudk avhvmzl;olawGuawmh odrSmyg/ tm;vH;k em;vnfov,atmifajym&&if t0dZm d G f (opmrodwm)? wPSm (vdkcsifwm)? Oyg'gef (pG J v ef ; wm)- 'D o H k ; yg;[m ]ud a vo0#f } taMumif;ork',opm/ taMumif;w&m;/ ocF g & (jyKjyif p D & if r I ) ? ur b 0? (um,uHeJYjyKrI? 0pDuHeJYajymrI? raemuHeJYBuHrI) wd[m ]urb0} jzpfw,f/ opmtaeeJajym&if Yk Y taMumif ; ork ' ,op m / taMumif ; w&m; awG y gyJ /

0dnmPf (y#doaE 0dnmPf)? emrfyf k (cEmudk,f)? oVm,we (rsufpd? em;? ESm? vQm? udk,f? pdwf)? z (awGUxdrI)? a0'em (aumif; qdk;)? raumif;rqdk;cHpm;rI)? Zmwd (b0opfjzpf ay:rI)? Oyywb0 (ud,xif&m;bGm;ceJjzpfr)? d k f S I Z&mr&P (tdr?I aorI) wd[m ]0dygu0#f} jzpfyg k Yk w,f / tusd K ;w&m; 'k u o p m jzpf y gw,f / avmurSm taMumif;uif;NyD;jzpfvm wJh tusdK;w&m;qdkwm r&Sdygbl;/ taMumif; tcsufaMumifh tusdK;qufawG qufvufjzpf ay:ae&wmyg/ 'Dawmhum-b,forjyK rdrjd yKwhJ l rdrdrIawGomjzpfygw,f/ taMumif;w&m;? ork',opmjzpfwhJ udavo0#f? ur0#fudkvkyfcJhvdkY tusdK;w&m;? 'kuopmjzpfwJh cEmudk,fawG &&Sdaejcif;jzpf w,f/ rdrdwdkY[m tusdK;'kuopm? 0dygu0#fxJ rSm&SaeMuygw,f/ 'ghaMumihf ]0#fvuaeolrsm;} d kd f vdkY ajymEdkifygw,f/ ]0#fvdkufaeol} vdkY wpfpHk wpf a ,muf u ajym&if remygeJ Y ? trS e f w&m;(op m pum;)ajymwmjzpf v d k Y auseyf pG m vuf c H y g/ 'k u a wG v H k ; vnf v k d u f a evd k Y 0#f v d k Y a c:wmyg/ 'gayr,f h . ..rd r d w d k Y [ m ajcusd K ;? vufusKd ;?rsuprjrif? qGUH t? em;yif;aeolawGukd f d om rnmrwm 0#fvdkufaeolrsm;vdkY ajymavh ajymx&SdMuw,fav/ trSefrSmawmh- tm;vHk; 0#fvdkufaeolcsnf;ygyJAsm/ 0#fa<u;qdwm trSermawmh-rdrjd yKchJ k f S wJh raumif;rItukodkvftavsmuf i&J..pwJh y#doaEtusKd ;ay;Ny;D aemuf tusKd ;quftaeeJY usef & S d a ewJ h u H < uif ; jzpf w ,f / tJ ' D u H < uif ; aMumifh 'Db0y0wdtcgrSm cHpm;&wJh qif;&J 'kursm; jzpfygw,f/ vlwpfa,mufudk "m;eJY ck w f o wf c J h v d k Y i&J o d k Y u sa&muf c H p m;&w,f / i&J r S m ouf w rf ; aph cH p m;&NyD ; aemuf vG w f ajrmufvmum wd&pmef pojzihjf zpf&m "m;ckwf cH&Ny;D aojcif; (tukovfuHtavsmuf) vlY kd b0odkY a&mufvmwJhwdkif "m;vufeufeJY ao& jcif;pwmawG[m 0#fa<u;cH&jcif;awGygyJ/ olYtoufudkowf&mrSm towfcH &ol raovdYk uryxrajrmufwtwGuf i&JoYkd hJ rusaomfvnf; aoavmufwJhvufeufwpfrsdK; rsdK; xdcdkuf&Semjcif;pwJh 0#fa<u;rsm;udk cHpm;& wwfygao;w,f/ 0#fa<u;auscsif&if oufomcsif&if awmhjzihf jrwfpGmbk&m;xHrSm qkawmif;&rSm jzih r[k w f ? ay;qyf & rS m r[k w f / uk o d k v f aumif;rIrsm;udk tqufrjywfjyKvkyf&efom

FORE ARTICLES
"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smufonf/ vdkygw,f/ o&P*Hk oHk;yg;rysufeJY? ig;yg; oD v vH k N cH K &r,f / tNrJ w rf ; bk & m;&S d c d k ; um y&d w f & G w f j cif ; ? arw m bm0emyG m ;jcif ; ? orx0d y emw&m;rsm;tm;xk w f j cif ; ? tvS L 'gejyKjcif ; wd k Y u d k jyKvk y f & r,f / od k Y r S om- uk o d k v f u H t [k e f t m;ao;roG m ;bJ t&S d e f j r i h f w if ay;ae&ef v d k y gw,f / bmaMumih f v J q d k a wmh - 0#f a <u; qd k w mrd r d r S m uk o d k v f u H tm;enf ; csd e f r S m 0if a &muf v mwwf v d k Y y J jzpf y gw,f / (*) wpfcgwnf;aoatmifowf&if tjypf rBuD;bl;/ usdK;atmif? uef;atmif? roGm;Edkif? rvmEdiatmifvy&if tjypfBu;D w,f (0#fvuf k f k f dk wwf w ,f ) vd k Y xif a eMuwmrrS e f y gbl ; / bmaMumihfvJqdk&if usdK;Hkuef;Hkvkyfjcif;xuf owfjcif;u tjypfBuD;ygw,f/ 0#feJYi&JrSm 0#f[m y0wdtusdK;jzpf w,f/

i&JrSm y#doaEtusdK;jzpfw,f/ i&Jus&if i&Joufwrf;twdkif; cH&yg w,f/ i&JBuD;u &Spfxyf&SdNyD; i&Ji,faygif; q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm& ajrmufjrm;pGm&Sygw,f/ jyKvywtukovuukd d k f hJ kd f H (kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;) vkuNf y;D tjypftBu;D tao; tav;tayhg cHpm; d &w,f/ ]0#frm wpfcP-i&Jum; wpfb0} vdYk tnw&uk # Krd u 0w K S Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0wdjynf vnf; qdkxm;w,f/ i&J w pf b 0usoG m ;&if tuk o d k v f aZw0efausmif;awmf aeawmfrlaomtcg tusd K ;awG q uf N yD ; ok * wd b 0jyef a &muf z d k Y om;aojcif;aMumihf pdk;&drfaomuESdyfpufvS rvG,fygbl;/ 'ghaMumihf 0#fxuf i&JudkydkNyD; onfjzpf idka<u;jrnfwrf;aeaom ol<u,f wpfa,mufudk taMumif;jyK ]yd,awm Zm, aMumuf o ih f y gw,f / rsujf rifvufawGUMunhyg/ usKd ;? uef;? wd aomaum} paom *gxmudk a[mawmfrl f qGUH ? t aejcif;xuf aojcif;u ydNk y;D qd;k ygw,f/ onf/ olYtoufowfjcif;? nOf;qJjcif;wdkYrS yd,awm Zm,wd aomaum? a&Smif&Sm;EdkifMuygap/ yd,awm Zm,wd b,H/ arw m jzih f yd,awm 0dyrkw? rH k & G m aeZm ewd aomaum ukawm b,H/ (o' r a Zmwd u "Z) jref r muAsm cspfcifjcif;rS aomujzpfvm? cspcifjcif;twGuf aMumufrufwpfjzm? f "r0&onf Ak'\ ax&0g'"rw&m;ppf? w&m;rSef D cspfcifrI&Sif; vGwfuif;olrSm? pdk;&drfjcif;? aMumufjcif;b,f&Sd&m/ xGe;f um;&efjzpfonfqonfh cH,csuEitnD dk l f S hf

Ak'*Dwdum

vdiMf unfjzL"r0&pmaywkuEihf I D d f S 'D*spw,fpmMunfwurS 2009 ck? rwfvtwGi;f f h dk f jzefcsxwa0vkuygNy/D Y d k f d f d dk f f D d * Nir;f csr;f OD;ESihf wuovoQio&\ ("r0&\ "ropOfrsm;) D H d h * Nir;f csr;f OD;ESihf pk;d jrifvwf\ (q&mBu;D OD;a&Tatmif\ "ry'aumufEwcsupmpk) k f f d * Nir;f csr;f OD;\ jzwfoef;csee'ge;f ESihf yxryki;f ('kw,tBur) d f d d d d f

From endearment springs grief, from endearment springs fear; for him who is wholly free from endearment there is no grief, must less fear.

pum;ajy// (umr*kPfudk cspfcifjrwfEdk;jcif;rS pdk;&drfjcif;jzpf\/ cspfcifjrwfEdk;jcif;aMumihf aMumufjcif;jzpf\/ cspfcifjrwfEdk;jci;frS vHk;0 vGwuif;aomoltm; pd;k &drjf cif;ESifh aMumufjcif; f onf b,faomtcgrS &SdygawmhtHhenf;/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

uqkefvjynhfaeY
&SiP(zsmyH) f k

uqkefvjynhfaeYudk aeYxl;aeYjrwf tjzpf ewfjA[mwdkY aumif;csD;axmremjyKum ajymqdcMhJ uonf/ ewfjA[mwdYk uqkevjynhaeY k f f udk xdoajymqdMk uonfrm xl;jcm;rI&onf/ ,if; k Ykd S dS xl;jcm;rIum; 0domcgeuw\ ]pef;} ESi,Ojf cif; f fh S udk edrdwfwpfyg;jyKvsufajymqdkMujcif;jzpfay onf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfvnf; ewfjA[mwdkY uqkevudk taMumif;xl;xm;ajymqdMk ujcif; f rSm uqkefvonf vmrnhfESpf\ tOD;tp xl;jcm;aomv taejzihf aumif;csD;axmrem jyK ajymqdkMujcif;jzpf\/ taMumif;udkqdk&aomf ESpa[mif;\aemufq;kH vjzpfaom wefc;l vonf f vmrnhEpopf\ ESpO;D tp..yxrqH;k v rjzpf f S f f Edkif? ESpfa[mif;\ aemufqHk;vjzpfaom wefcl; vonf ESppOfEpwi;f a&SUydi;f onf ESpa[mif;rSm f S f dk k f yg aemufydkif;omvQif ESpfopfrSm yg0ifavh&Sd onf/ wpf c gwpf & H w G i f r l wef c l ; vonf ESpa[mif;\aemufq;kH tydi;f tjcm;umvtwGi;f f k yif ukeq;kH oGm;wwfayonf/ odjYk zpf wefc;l f

vonf vmrnhfESpfopf\ tOD;tpyxrv[k ,wdjywfqdk&ef rjzpfEdkifacs/ uqkefvonfum; rnfonfhESpfrSm rqd?k wpfvvH;k vH;k ESpopfxrmyg0if ESpopf f J S f \ tOD;tp xl;aomvOD;vjrwf jzpfayonf/ xdtcsuoabmaMumifvnf; ewfjA[mtaygif; k f h u uqkevudk trTr;f wifcs;D usL;ajymqdMk u[ef f &Sdayonf/ pifppf avmu \ oabmt& ajym&vQivnf; rnfonht&mudprqdk tOD; f f tpjzpfaomt&monf xl;jcm;aom oabm vuPm&Sdayonf/ Oyrm-tdrfaqmuf&m tOD;tpxm;Ny;D pduxMl uaom O,smOfwionf k f kd f td r f w pf v H k ; wnf a qmuf & m xl ; jcm;aom oabmvuPmudaqmifouJoYkd uqkevonf k h f vnf ; ES p f o pf \ xl ; jcm;aom tOD ; tpud k aqmif,lvsuf&Sdayonf/ xduoYkd tOD;tpyxrjzpfaomt&m k hJ rSeforQudk vlewfjA[mow0grsm; tjrwfwEdk; t&;w,l t od t rS w f j yKwwf M ujcif ; um; avmu"rwm r*FvmwpfrsdK;yifjzpfayonf/ xdkYtwl a&S;a&S;u bk&m;tavmif;

awmfBu;D rsm; zGm;awmfr&mvrSmvnf; uqkev l f uqkefvjynfhaeYyifjzpfovdk bk&m;jzpfawmfrl Mu&maeYESihf y&dedAmefpHawmfrl&maeYwdkYrSmvnf; ESpopfO;D \ xl;jrwfaom uqkevyifjzpfonf/ f f xdkuJhodkY xl;jcm;aomjzpf&yfrsm; uqkefvjynhf aeYrsm;om jzpf&jcif;oabmrSmvnf; txuf wG i f ajymqd k c J h o nf h t wk d i f ; uqk e f v onf ES p f o pf \ vOD ; vjrwf t oG i f v u P mud k aqmif,aeaom xl;jcm;csuwpf&yf[k qd&ay l f k vdrrnf/ fh xd k t csuf u d k axmuf I M uvsuf a&S;u rif;jrwfwdkYonfvnf; bdodufcH,lMu aom vudk uqkefvtm; a&G;cs,ftoHk;jyKcJhMu \/ ,if;tcsuukd ]rCa'0vuFmopf bdouf f d cPf;..? ]]r[mu0def? okcrdefwdkY? EdIif;csdef ynm? eef ; pOf p mES i h f nD p G m rMuL;? ES p f o pf ul;? wefc;l ukex? uqkevrSm? bdaouyG?J f f cHNrJrsm;pGm..}} [l ponfjzihf rSwfwrf;wif pm zGJUqdkawmfrlcJhayonf/ xd k e nf ; wl p G m Ak ' b mom0if w d k Y \ tpOftvm"avhaumif; "avhjrwfjzpfaom ]]anmifa&oGef;vSLonhfyGJawmfudkvnf; uqkef vjynhaeYrmyif usi;f yjyKvycMhJ uavonf/ f S k f odkYjyKvkyfjcif;rSmvnf; ESpfopf\tptOD;rSpNyD; wpfEpwmumvywfv;kH ab;&efuif;&Si;f ap&ef S f qkawmif;ywemjyKvsuf anmifa&oGe;f vSLjcif; ukodkvfaumif;rIudk jyKMujcif;jzpfayonf/ aumif ; jrwf a om xd k t pOf t vm "avhonfA'yiawmfrNl y;D aemufyi;f wGif xif&m; k G fh kd S jzpfay:vmaomfvnf; tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfcJhMu& aom a&S;a[mif;olwdkYurl Ak'ryGihfrDumvu p tm;xm;udk;uG,f&m&Sm&if; kupdk;ewf aexkdif&m opfyifrsm;udk ta&;wpf,ltav; xm;NyD; qkawmif;orIjyKum tm;udk;&SmcJhMu\/ xdktaMumif;udk om"ujy&aomf.../ Ak'yiawmfrcgeD;tcserm Am&mPoD G hf l d f S jynf aoeNrdKUol-okZmwmolaX;orD;uav; onf ysKd &,pOfu anmifyifBu;D wpfyifoYkd oGm; G f a&mufNyD;... ]]uREfkyftcsdeft&G,fodkYa&mufvQif trsdK;tEG,fwl a,musfm;ESihf& om;OD;av; zGm;jrifatmif apmifrawmfrlyg/ om;OD;av; zGm;jrifcJhygvQif ESpfpOf..ESpfpOf wpfodef;ukef ylaZmfyoygrnf.../}} [k ajymqdqawmif;av k k onf/ ok Z mwmol a X;orD ; av; ...ol qkawmif;onhftwkdif;jynhfum om;OD;av;jzpf
(pmrsuf E S m 8 ok d Y )

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;udk jyqkdonf/

Ak'a*gwr\ pMu0Vm(urm)tjrif
wu o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r m p&d , ? B.A) xdaMumihf pkpaygif; awmifpOf(7)xyf\ xkxnf Yk k yrmPrsm; ,lZem (83343)ESihf (3) *g0kwfjzpf onf/ awmifpOf(7)xyf\ xkxnfESihf oD'g ork'&m tus,uaygif;vduvQif ,lZemaygif; f kd k f (25003)ESihf (1)*g0kwf&onf/ twdi;f twm&Saom jrif;rd&awmif k d k f udk ae? vwdkYonf vrf;(3)oG,fjzihf ywfoGm; aeygonf/ -tv,fvrf; (raZ0Dxd) t& ysrf;rQ reD;ra0; c&D;t& (279862) ,lZemESihf (1) *g0kwfjzihfoGm;onf/ twG i f ; vrf ; (taE m 0D x d ) t& teD;qH;k c&D;taetm;jzihf (139931),lZemESifh (1) *g0kwfjzihfoGm;onf/ tjyifvrf;(Am[d&0Dx)t& ta0;qH;k d c&D ; taetm;jzih f (419799),l Z emES i h f (3)*g0kwf jzihfoGm;onf/ ,if;aeoGm;vrf; (3)oG,fteuf -twGif;vrf; (taEm*Dwd)rSm ,lZemaygif; 130000 ausmf -tv,f v rf ; (raZ0D x d ) rS m ,l Z emaygif ; 270000 ausm&onfukd axmufqygu taEm f dS twGif; (taEm0Dxd)tpGef;vrf;onf ,k*EdK&f awmifESihf oE&awmifMum; oD'gork'&m txufrS oGm;vrf;aMumif;jzpfaMumif;od& onf/ tv,fraZ0xd vr;frmrl awmifpOf D S (7)xyf? oD'g(7)wefrS vGwajrmufaom ajrjyif f txufrS oGm;aomvrf;jzpfonf/ ,aeYodyHynm&SifwdkY t,ltqt& wdkufBuD;(7)wdkuf ork'&mBuD; (5)pif;jyxm;yg onf/ wdkufBuD;(7)wdkufrSm? tm&S? Oa&my? MopaMw;vs? tmz&d u ? ajrmuf t mz&d u ? awmiftar&duESihf a&vTrf; aysmufoGm; aom tEmwduwdkufwdkYjzpfonf/ Ak'bmompmaytvdkt& aevrsm; onf jrif;rd&awmifukd ywf tv,f oGm;ae k f Muaom0ef;&Haeaom awmifpOf(7)xyfqonf kd rSm wduBf u;D (7)ckukd qkvonf[k qdygonf/ k d kd k

(,cif t ywf r S t quf ) av;uRef ; wjrif ; rd k & f , l q rI o bm0 avmu'D y eD u srf ; ? om&w ' D y eD #DumwdaeAdrmefonf aMu;rHarSmufxm;ouJh Yk k odkY atmufodkYom tvif;a&mifjzpfapNyD; eHyg; ESpfbufudk tvif;a&mifrjzpfap[k qdkxm;NyD; wm0wd Homewfjynf aea&mifrxGef;aMumif; tmvdfef(5)qihfonf aeatmufjzpfaomfvnf; ,k * E d K &f a wmifuG,fxm; aea&mifrxGef; aMumif; azmfjyxm;onf/ ,k * E d K &f a wmif o nf aewuf & m xGuf&m awmifjzpfonf/ ,k*EdK&f\ teuf t"dyg,frSm ,k*"&ygVdyk'f ,k*=tpHkaqmif onf? ,k*"&- ae? vtpHkudkaqmifonf[k t"dyg,f&ygonf/ ,k*EdK&fpaom awmifpOf (7)xyf onf jrif;rkd&fawmif\ ywf0ef;usifrSm&Sdonf/ awmifpOf(7)xyfMum;wGif tvGef at;jraom oD'gork'&mrsm; jcm;xm;aMumif; azmfjyxm;onf/ oD'gork'&m tus,fonf jrif;rdk&f awmifESihfeD;vQif jrif;rdk&fawmiftwdkif;&Sd jrif;rdk&fawmifESihf ,k*EdK&fawmifMum;&Sd oD'g ork'&mteuftus,frSm ,lZem 84000

us,fonf? eufonf&Sdonf[k qdkygonf/ tvm;wl ,k*EKd &Eifh oE&awmif f S Mum; oD'g ork'&m\ teuftus,fonf ,lZem (42000)us,fonf eufonf/ oE&ESihf u&0duawmifMum;&Sd oD'gork'&m\ teuftus,fonf ,lZem (21000)us,fonf/ eufonf/ u&0duESihf ok'e awmifMum;&dS oD'gork'&m\ teuftus,fonf ,lZem (1500)us,fonf? eufonf/ ok'eESifh aerdE&awmifMum; oD'g ork'&m\ teuftus,fonf ,lZem(5250) us,fonf eufonf/ aerdE&ESihf 0dewuawmifMum; oD'g ork'&m\ teuftus,onf ,lZem (2625) f us,fonf? eufonf/ 0dewuESihf tuPfawmifMum; oD'gork'&m\ teuf tus,fonf ,lZem (13121^2)eufonf?us,onf/ f pkpkaygif; oD'gork'&m\ tus,f ,lZemaygif;rSm (1666871^2)&Sdonf/ ,k*EdK&fawmif\ xkxnfrsm; tjrihf yrmPtwdkif;twm ,lZem(42000)&SdNyD; usef awmif p Of r sm;vnf ; tvm;wl j zpf o nf /

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf pdwfESvHk;ESifhb0udk Nidrf;csrf;aponf/

(pmrsuf E S m 6 rS )

tDauGwmrsO;f onf urmtv,facgifwuBf u;D kd tcsdKUtm; jzwfoGm;onfudkawGU&onf/ vuf&SdwkdufBuD; (6)wdkuf\ ukef;ajr yrmPrSm pwk&ef;rdkif 57.5 oef;&Sdonf[kqdk ygonf/ yifv,fork'&m\ atmufcif;jyif pwk&ef;rdkif 139.4 oef; urmvHk;rsufESmjyif pwk&ef;rkdif 1960.9 oef;&SdNyD; a&jyifonf urmvHk;wpfck\ av;yHkoHk;yHk&SdaMumif; jyxm; ygonf/ ,aeY odyHynm&SifwdkY owfrSwfcsuf t&aeoGm;vrf;udMk unhygu Ow&,Ofpe;f wef; f G onf jrefrmjynfajrmufydkif; uGwfcdkifem;rS jzwfoef;oGm;onfudk awGU&ygonf/ wpfurm vHk;udk NcHKMunhfygu ajrjyifESihf awmifrsm;? a&rsm; aygaomtydkif; jzpfonf/ tDauGwmtydkif;rSm b&mZD;ajrmuf ydkif;ESihf tif'dkeD;&Sm;uRef;wdkYudk jzwfoGm;onfudk awGU&ygonf/ ajrom;xuf ork'&maygrsm; aom tydkif;jzpfonf/ 'udP,Ofpe;f wef;rSm ajrom; urm G tvGefenf;yg;oGm;NyD; ,if;\ awmifbufu qdkvQif yifv,fork'&mcsnf; oufoufuJhodkY jzpfaeonfudkawGU&Sd&onf/ avmuynwfcsuft& {0&uf? tef emylem? ta&SUd;k r? taemuf;kd rponfjzihf ac: a0:ajymqdaeMuaomfvnf; edraomae&mrsm;? k fh jrihfaomae&mrsm;&SdouJhokdY awmifpOf awmif wef;rsm; rsm;jym;aom tydkif;jzpfaomaMumihf awmifpOf(7)xyfonf jrif;rdk&fawmifudk 0dkif;&H aeaMumif; jrif;rd&awmifywf0ef;usiwif &Sae k f f G d aMumif;azmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ uRef;av;uRef;ESihf ywfouf Ak' pmayrsm;u jrif;rdk&fawmif&Sd ajrom; yx0D udk wdkufBuD;[l roHk;bJ uRef;BuD;rsm;tjzpf owfrwac:a0:xm;ygonf/ S f uRef ; av;uRef ; ES i h f ywf o uf wduBf u;D rsm;udk odca0owfrwxm;ygonf/ k Yk JG S f 1/ ta&SUuRef; MopaMw;vswdkuf 2/ awmifuRef;(ZrL'dyf)tm&Swdkuf 3/ taemufuRef; tmz&duESihfOa&my 4/ ajrmufuRef; awmif? ajrmuftar&du wu o k d v f o Qif o D & d (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

aom ]],oowkom;}} zGm;jrifc\/ olaX;orD; Yd hJ okZmwmonf olYuwdtwdkif; ESpfpOfESpfwkdif; uqkefvjynhfaeYwGif anmifyifrS kupdk;ewf rif;tm; tBuD;tus,f ylaZmfjcif;trI jyKcJhav onf/ r[mou&mZf (103) ckEpf uqkevjynhf S f aeYwGifrl Ak'tavmif;awmfonfvnf; ,if; anmifyif&if;rSm oGm;a&mufoDwif;oHk;awmfrl aecduf okZmwmolaX;orD;onf xl;jrwfvpm k S G aom CemEdkYqGrf;udk vma&mufuyfvSLcJh aMumif ; ygXZmwf - t|uxmed ' gef ; wG i f tus,fzGifhjyxm;ayonf/ xdkygXZmwf yxrqkawmif;onhf taeESifh om;OD;&&SdNyD;aemuf ESpfpOfylaZmfyGJ usif;yonhfaeYrsm;udk rnfonhfaeYjzpfonf[k zGifhqdkrjyaomfvnf; bk&m;tavmif;awmftm; CemEdkYqGrf;qufuyfcGifh&aomaeYrSm uqkef vjynhfaeYjzpfaMumif; twdtus usrf;azmfjy cJhayonf/ t|uxm-okZmwmCemEdkYqGrf; vSL'gef;jcif;taMumif;udk t"duxm;azmfe;f T cJh&m aAm"danmifyiftm; a&oGef;avmif;jcif; rjyK[k rrSwf,ltyfay/ anmifyifudk tm;xm; udk;uG,faomacwf ykPm;wdkYonf anmifyif 0ef;usitm; trduodu&i;f vif;jcif;? a&oGe;f f I f k f S avmif;jcif;? aomufa&vSL'gef;jcif;trIwdkYudk jyKcJhMuaMumif; "rZmwfawmf jyqdkxm;ay&m okZmwmolaX;orD;onfvnf; xdktpOftvm usihf0wftwdkif; CemEdkYqGrf;ruyfrD anmifyif 0ef;usitm; trduodu&i;f vif;jcif;? a&&Sm; f I f k f S a&jywfaom uqkevrSm anmifa&oGe;f avmif; f vSL'gef;NyD;rS CemEdkYqGrf;udk vSL'gef;ylaZmfjcif; jyKonf[k rSwf,l&rnfjzpfayonf/ xdkuJhodkY a&S;a&S;u tpOftvmrsm;udk qufqHvsuf ,aeYA'bmom0iftaygif;u ESpO;D tp uqkef k f vjynhaeY Ak'aeYrm uqkeanmifa&oGe;f vSLNy;D f S f ESpfopfwpfESpfwmumvywfvHk; ab;&efuif; uGm temr&Sd? ql;rNidap&ef pdwf&nfoefvsuf aumif;aomukodkvfuHtusdK;udk tm;udk;um anmifa&oGef;vSLaeMujcif;yifjzpfayonf/ &S i f P (zsmyH k )

rdwfppf aqGppf-ppfwrf;
Opma&TaiG axGaxGjynhfpHk ynm*kPfESihf aqG*kPfrsKd;*kPf *kPfaygif;NcHKaomf ac:csifolrsm; aygif;csifolrsm; vmcsifolrsm; tpm;pm;aygY oGm;vmrysuf 0ifxGufaeol pm;wloGm;wl *kPf,lrqHk;? wNyHK;NyHK;ESihf toHk;vdkrl ,lygOD;uG,hf wu,fhtcspfvdk ESpfESpfumum arwmaps;cif; a&mif;&if;0,f&if; oli,fcsif;ESihf aysmfcif;zGJUum twefMumrS b0Murm pDrH&moGm; qdkrvm;bJ enf;enf;csKdUwJh *kPfodrfcJhaomf wu,fhrdwfaqG a&SmifcGmaeNyD? aiGvdk aiGrsKd; ,lvdrfhEdk;ESihf pdk;&drfpdwfrsm;? &Sdrvm;...uJ z,fcGma&SmifoGm; w&m;rrif *kPfudkcifvsuf cspfMuifygvS wu,fusawmh rdwrppf tESpfryg? cspfAvmrdkY.. arwmaps;onf 0,folr&Sd... awG;wdkif;odNyD; owdESihfrSef; vuf r urf ; awmh ppf w rf ; xk w f z d k Y rvdkawmh/ / ,k 0 wD a &T 0 gpd e f

oHo&mrvnfeawmh tar YJ
yifudk,fpdwf odyvwtar/ f S hJ tMuifem... ukPm.... o'gw&m;.... arwmpGrf;tm; EdIif;p&m &SmrawGU tarht&Sdw&m;/ 'gayr,fh tar&,f aecP b0ae0ifcsdefapmvdkufwm ]ocFg&} wJh ]tedp} wJh rNrJwJh w&m;awG vHk;axG;&pfywf oHo&m wpfywfrvnfeawmhtar YJ b0csKyfNidrf;&m tara&mufygap .. atmif v H q d k ; ay

Nidrf;csrf;OD;\ jzwfoef;csdefed'gef;ESifh yxrykdif; 'kwd,tBudrf xGufNyD

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf avmuD avmukw&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

olawmfaumif;wkdY tvSLay;enf;(4)
t&Siovmpm&(yJc;l ) f D
NrdKUOD;awm&pmoifwkduf? zm;uefYNrdKU

apwemok;H wef tvSL'gejyKvkyf&m rnfolrqkd apwem jywfom;zkdY txl;vkdtyfvSayonf/ apwem [laom ygVda0g[m&um; aphaqmfwkdufwGef;jcif; [k t"dyg,f&ayonf/ apwemonfyif uHjzpfvsuf tusKd;ay;awmhonf/ bk&m;&Sifuvnf; ]]apwem [H bdua0 urH 0'grd}} [k a[mawmfrlcJhonf r[kwfygavm/ xk d a pwemonf y if oabmtm;jzif h ruJ G j ym;aomf v nf ; umvukdpJGrSwfNyD; ykAapwem? rkOapwem? ty&apwem[k okH;rsKd;cJGayonf? xkdwGif- rvSLrD a&SUtzkdYjzpfaomapwemukd ykAapwem? vSLaeqJtcsdeftcgjzpfaomapwemukd rkOapwem? vSLNyD;aemufykdif;(rnfonfhtcsdeftcg rqkd)jzpfaomapwemukd ty&apwemac:ayonf ? enf ; rsm;rqk d tvS L 'gejyK&m xkapwemok;H yg; jywfom;&ef? wpfenf;qk&aomf nDw&eftvGef d d G f ta&;Bu;D vSayonf/ aqmifyk'fvuFm apwemum; ok;H yg;&Sonf? d rvSLrDu ykAac:onf? vSLaeqJMu rkOac:onf? vSLNyD;u ty& ac:ayonf/ tvSL'ge jyKMuaomtcg? apwemok;H &yf nDwap&m? G f t&G,o;Hk yg; f Bu;D yGm;csr;f om? aumif;usK;d & Ak'a'oem/ a&Al;ESihf zdeyfrygvQif ]]a&Al;ESifh zdeyfryg aEGtcgrSod? 'geESifh oDvryg aocgrS o d } }[k ynm&S d w k d Y rd e f Y q k d a wmf r l M uonf ? rS e f \ / rk d ; ? aqmif;tcg tat;"mwf vTrf;rkd;aeaomaMumifh a&qmavmifrI enf;yg;ayonf/ aerif;\ yljyif;aom'Pfudk omrefavmufomcH& onfhtwGuf r[myx0Dajrjyifonfvnf; ajymyavmufatmif ryljyif;acs? xkdYaMumifhc&D;oGm;ol wpfa,muftaejzifh a&Al;ESifh zdeyfrygaomfvnf; vGefpGmqif;&J'ku ra&mufEkdif? aEGtcgum; aerif;\ yljyif;aomt&Sdefukd (rkd;aqmif;tcgwkdYxuf)cHae&aom aMumifh a&qmavmifrI ykdrsm;ayonf/ zdeyf rygbJvnf; c&D;vkH;0 roGm;Ekdif? qif;&J'ku vGefpGm a&mufEkdifMuayonf? t"dym,fukd &nf&, a&Al;ESihf zdeyfryg aEGtcgrSo-[k rdeqawmfrMl uonf/ G f d Yf dk 'geESihf oDv rygvQif ow 0 gwpf O D ; wpf a ,muf t wG u f o G m ;rnf h oH o &m c&D;onfum; vGefpGm&Snfvsm;vSayonf? tdyfraysmfoltwGuf wpf n wmtcsd e f o nf v nf ; aumif ; ? c&D ; oG m ;aeol t wG u f

wpf,Zem (8-rki)c&D;onfvnf;aumif; vGepm&Snvsm; ouJo?Ydk l d f f G f h xk d Y t wl - ol a wmf a umif ; w&m;rod o l t wG u f b0oH o &m c&D;onfvnf; vGefpGm&SnfvSayonf [k ("ry'ygVdawmf) bk&m;&Sifa[mMum; awmfrlcJhonf/ tenf;qkH;- aomwmyeftqifh avmuf a &muf r S o m (t0d e d y gw"ar m ) i&J wd & p m ef Nyd w m tol&um,f[laom tyg,fav;bkH azmufazmuf jyefjyef usa&muf j cif ; r&S d j zpf a yvd r f h r nf / yk x k Z Of w k d Y t aejzif h u m; (0deygw"arm) tyg,fav;yg; azmufazmuf jyefjyefusa&mufEif d dk ao;\/ ykxkZOfjzpfaomfvnf;(tenf;qkH;) ig;yg;oDvavmuf vkHNcHKaevQif aomwmyef tvm;wlaomaMumifh tyg,fav;yg; rusa&mufEkdif/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh qkd&aomf b0orwd ac: aumif;aombkHXmeokdY a&mufatmif (tyg,frusatmif) oDvu pG r f ; aqmif E k d i f \ / jzpf a v&mb0wk d i f ; abm*or w d ac: pnf;pdrfOpm (tokH;taqmifypnf;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkHatmif 'geu pGrf;aqmifEkdif\/ tenf;qkH; aomwmyefavmuf rjzpfEkdifao; apumrl 'ge? oDv jynfpaevQif oHo&mc&D;oGm;&m odyaMumuf h Hk f p&mrvkd? t"dym,fukd&nf&G,f ]]'geESifh oDv rygaocgrSod}} [k ynm&SifwkdY rdefYqkdawmfrlMuonf/ om"krac:EkdifMu pGeBYf uay;urf;vSL'gef;jcif;('ge)ukd tcsKUd olwu ]]olrsm;ukd J Ydk ay;urf;&ifueom;wmyJ? rsupif; Al;xJu (rsupif;cyfaq;&nfav; k f G f f awG[m wpfpuf pufcyfygrsm;awmh wjznf;jznf;eJY ukefoGm;wmyJ? oGm;wkdufaq;Al;xJu aq;awG[mvnf; wpfaeY - wpfcg? ESpfcg npygrsm;vmawmh Mum&ifueom;wmyJ? 'Dtwki;f yJaygh? uk,rm&SwhJ f k f G d d f S d ypn;f OpmawGudk olrsm;ay;vku&if uk,rmvufawGawmhueom; d f d f S Y k f G

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

10

"r0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

wmyJ? avsmhoGm;wmyJ? tcefYroifh&if rJGawmifoGm;Ekdifao;w,f/ 'gejyKw,fqkdwm oHo&m&Snfatmif qJGqefYaewmeJYwlw,f? oHo&m&Snw,f}} ponfjzifh trsK;d rsK;d jrifMuonf/ rdr\t,ltq f d (twaemrwd) jzifh xif&mqJGajymMuonf? 'gejyKonfukdyif tykdtvkyf[kxifMuonf? 'gejyKonfukd rcsD;rGrf;Ekdif? aumif;csD; Ekarmf om"k rac:EkdifMu? ]]<um;csifvkdY vSLwmyguGm? xifay:csifvkdY tvSL ay;aewm? 'grSr[kwf &Sd&ufom;eJY uyfap;eJ aeMuwm? tvSL'geawmifjyKazmfr&bl;}}vkdY olwpfyg;uJh&JcH&rSmaMumufvkdY tvSL'gejyKaewm}} [k ponfjzifh trsKd;rsKd;a0zefMuonf? tjypf ajymMuonf/ twk;d ESiwuG tusK;d jyef&Ekif hf d rnfonfhtaMumif;aMumifhyJvSLvSL? vSLonfqkdvQifyif 'geuk o k d v f & Ek d i f o nf / vS L vk d Y u k e f &wmcsif ; twl w l pdwapwemaumif;aumif;xm;Ny;D vSLvQif ykNd y;D tusK;d rsm;ayvdrrnf? f hf tvSL'gejyKjcif; onf v,f,majrxJrm ysK;d BuwmESiwonf? rsK;d aph S J hf l cswmESifhwlonf? v,f,majrxJ ysKd;BuJjcif;? rsKd;aphcsjcif;onf uk,vufx&aom t&m0wKudk pGeypf? Bucsvujf cif;yifjzpfonf/ d hf J dS Yf J dk okdYaomf twkd;ESifhwuG tusKd;jyef&vmrnfh pGefYBuJjcif;jzpfzkdYvkdonf? rsKd;aphcs? tyifayguf? tyGifhyGifh? toD;oD;? rSnfh&ifhaomtcg &dwfodrf;NyD;vQif rlvxufyifykdNyD; tqaygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmwkd;vm ouJhokdY tvSL'gejyK&mvnf; xkdenf;oabmyif? vSLzG,f0wK? ypn;f pku rnfrQyif enf;yg;(ao;i,f)aeapumrl rdr\pdwapwem? d f o'gtm;aumif;vQif aumif;oavmuf? vlYpnf;pdrf ewfpnf;pdrf tokH;taqmifajrmufjrm;pGm&&SdEkdifayonf? anmifaphavmufvSL aomfvnf; anmifyif Bu;D avmuftusK;d &&SEionf? 'ge tusK;d ay; d dk f &m ypn;f 0wKtenf;trsm;tay: rlrwnf? apwem tenf;trsm; (twdrfteuf)tay:rlwnfNyD; tusKd; ay;uGmjcm;ayonf/ aqmifyk'fvuFm aumif;rIt&G,f? rBuD;us,fvnf;? pdwf0,f jzpfyGm;? o' g tm;ES i f h ? Pf t m;oD v ? BuD ; us,f M u? 'getvS L cH ? pif M u,f j yef r l ? uH [ l o a&G U ? tusKd ; awG U ? wpf a ph a nmif avmuf? yifBuD;aygufonf? tHhavmufzG,f&m tusKd;wnf;/ (r[m*E m k H q &mawmf ? tr&yl & ) olawmfaumif;wk\ ypn;f Opm Yd ur m ay:&S d jrpf B uD ; ig;oG , f jrpf i ,f ig;&mwk d Y o nf rkd;ay:uusvmorQ a&awGukd okdavSmifxm;MuonfrSm olwkdY uk d , f w k d i f aomuf o k H ; zk d Y r [k w f y g/ ow 0 gawG t wG u f aomuf o k H ; Muzk d Y o mjzpf a yonf ? urmay:&Sd opfyifBuD;i,f toG,foG,fwkdYonfvnf; csKdcsOftief? pyf cg;zef twefwef aom opf o D ; rsm;uk d oD ; ay;aeMuonf r S m ol w k d Y u k d , f w k d i f pm;okH;&ef r[kwf? ow0gwkdY pm;okH;&ef oD;ay;aeMuayonf/ tcgtm;avsmf p G m rk d ; a'0gu &G m oG e f ; ay;aeonf r S m vnf ; urmolurmom; ow0gtrsm; csrf;omzkdYom jzpfayonf/ xkdenf;rjcm;? tvm;wlyif? ynm&Sd olawmfaumif;wkdY vufxJ &Sd ypnf;OpmwkdYonf (ukd,fwkdifcsnf;) okH;aqmifcHpm;zkdYr[kwf?

olwpfyg;tm;ulnDzkdY? axmufyHhzkdY? tusKd;jyKzkdY? tvSL'gejyKzkdY om jzpfayonf? rdrd olwpfyg; ESpfOD;om;wkdYtwGuf aumif;&m aumif ; aMumif ; aqmif & G u f z k d Y o mjzpf a yonf / (avmueDwd)/ ypn;f Opmcsi;f rwlnD ynm&S d o l a wmf a umif ; wk d Y \ vuf x J & S d yp n f ; Op m wkdYonf enf;yg;apumrl olwpfyg;wkdY\ rSDckdtm;xm;&m jzpf \/ a&csKdwGif;&Sd a&wkdYonf enf;apumrl aomufokH; vkdolwkdY twG u f tm;xm;&mjzpf o uJ h o k d Y w nf ; / yif v ,f t wG i f ; &S d a&wkdYonf ajrmufjrm;aomfvnf; (iefaeaomaMumifh)aomuf okH;vkdolwkdYtwGuf tm;xm;&m rjzpfouJhokdY olawmfaumif; r[k w f o l w k d Y vuf w G i f ; &S d y p n f ; Op m wk d Y o nf ajrmuf j rm;pG m &S d a eaomf v nf ; (rnf o l u k d r S ay;urf ; axmuf y H h r I r &S d o nf h twGuf) olwpfyg;\ tm;xm;&mrjzpf? tusKd;rNyD; tcsnf; ES D ; omjzpf a yonf / wpf e nf ; tm;jzif h q k d & aomf bD v l ; &ud K uf tk y f p k d ; xm;aom awmtwG i f ; &S d a&uef B uD ; ozG , f jzpf a y onf/ xkda&ueftwGif; a&wkdYonf aomufokH;vkdolwkdY twGuf bmrS t usKd ; r&S d ? yuwd t csnf ; ES D ; omjzpf a yonf / (avmueD w d ) 'geuif;vQif aoolEiwl S hf tvSL'ger&Sdolonf aoolESifh rjcm;em;ay? aoolESifh wlayonf/ aoNyD;aom romavmif;onf olYywf0ef;usif rsm;pGmaomypn;f Opmwkudk 0ef;&Hxm;tyfaomfvnf; ]]ypn;f um; Yd yk*dKvftwGuf? xkdypnf;um; xkdyk*dKvftwGuf}}ponfjzifh a0zefcJGjcrf; vSL'gef;rIukd rjyKEkdifawmh/ xkdYtwl ay;vSLvkdpdwfr&Sd? 'gerjyKvyaomolonfvnf; oltr?f olywf0ef;usi ypn;f Opm k f Y d Y f ajrmufjrm;pGm&Sd aeonfhwkdifatmif pGefYBuJay;urf;vSL'gef;avhr&Sd? oufrJhESifh ouf&SdomuGmjcm;onf? ray;vSLykHjcif; um; aool romavmif;ESifh rjcm;em;awmh/ xkdYaMumifh tvSL'ger&Sdolonf aoolESifhwl\ [k qkdjcif;jzpfayonf/ (rp&d,okwf? a'0wm oH,kwf)/ a'0wmoH,w?f rp&,okwf k d tvSL'gejyKvyrEiywfouf (a'0wm oH,w?f rp&, k f I S hf k d okwfvm) pum;&yfwkdYukd aumif;pGmrSwfom;oifhayonf/ jrwfpGm bk&m;onf om0wdN rKd U aZw0efausmif; oDwif;ok;H aexkipOfumv d f jzpf \ / owk v y um,d u mewf o m;rsm;u toD ; oD ; avQmuf xm;Muonf/ owkvyum,dumukd- ow+Ovy+ um,dum= [k yk'c ow-olawmfaumif;w&m;uk?d Ovy-aqmufwnf&wqdk f GJ G f rIaMumifh? um,dum-ewf jynfokdYa&mufvmMuaom ewftaygif;[k toD;oD; t"dym,fjyef,lyg? t&Siovmpm&(zm;uef) f D Y (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf avmuNidrf;csrf;rItwGufjzpfonf/

11

Ak'bmomusifhpOf(1)
[dawoD em*odef
pma&;olwonf ax&0g'Ak'bmom Ykd 0ifrsm;jzpfMuonf/ bk&m;&Sifonf Ak'bmom 0ifwusio;kH &rnfh usipOfwukd av;q,fig;0g Ykd fh fh Ykd h umvywfvHk;a[mMum;awmfrlcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf edAmefodkYwdkifa&muf&SdEkdifonfh xdkusihf pOfwdkYudk Ak'bmom0ifwdkif; rusifhEkdifcJhMuay/ qdk&ygrl qGrf;qefxJ <uufacs;a&mqdkouJhodkY d;k &mewftpGtvef;? bd;k awmf r,fawmf? yk*Kd vf J xl ; ponf h jyif y yk * d K vf w d k Y u d k a&maES m um udk;uG,fcJhMuonf/ ax&0g' udk,fcHtm;enf; onftwGuvnf; xdewf? bd;k awmf? yk*Kd vx;l qdk h f k f olwdkYu rprnf[k ,HkMunfum udk;uG,fcJhMu jcif;jzpfonf/ rdrdwdkY udk;uG,faeMuonfh &wem oH k ; yg;\ *k P f & nf ? ax&0g'\ t"d y g ,f ? bmom\teufoabmwdkYudk wdwdusus od&Sd em;vnfap&ef tm;xkwoum; bmom0ifO;D a& f l ESifh pmvQif enf;yg;rnf[xifygonf/ wpfzuf k wGifvnf; ewfrsm;\jzpfpOf? bdk;awmfwdkY\ twGif;oabmwdkYudkvnf; avhvmqef;ppfrI rjyKbJ t&rf;rJhudk;uG,faeMuonfudkawGUjrif Mum;odae&ayrnf/ olrsm;a,mifvdkYa,mif tarmifawmifrSef;ajrmufrSef;rod qdkouJhokdY pD;yGm;a&;? BuD;yGm;a&;? &mxl;wdk;a&;tp&Sdonhf ta&;aygif;pHkwdkYjzihf csOf;uyfudk;uG,frIrsm;udk qef;ppf&ygrl a0avav udk;uG,frI[k qdkoihf vSonf/ ae&m ]t&S i f y nd E m bd 0 H o } rax&fjrwfBuD;\ ax&0g'ppfwrf; ]ed'gef;wGif yg&Sdonfh oDv&SifBuD;\tjzpftysufudk wifjy csifygonf/ aeY&Sdo tdk;xJodkY a&avmif;ae onfuawGUMu&onfh 'um 'umrrsm;u oDv kd &SifBuD;tm; ]q&mBuD; aeYpOfa&avmif;aewm MumvSNyD bmtyifrsm;ysK;d xm;vdv}J [k ar;onfh Yk tcg oDv&SifBuD;u} ]at;uG,f tnmu 'um 'umr awG vS L vd k u f w J h xef ; vsuf u csKd v G e f ; vd k Y rsK;d &atmif pduaewmyg} [kajzvduavonf/ k f k f xef ; vsuf p d k u f xef ; yif a yguf E k d i f r S e f ; ud k rodonfhoDv&SifBuD;\tjzpfum; oem;p&m aumif;vSavpG/ rdrdwdkYonfvnf; onftjzpf tysufxJu oDv&SifBuD;ESihf rnfodkYvQifxl;yg rnfenf;/ udk,hfjrif;udk,fpD; txD;rSef; tr rSe;f rod[k qd&avmufatmif olrsm;uyk*Kd vx;l k f qdkvQif vdkufxl;vdkufMuonf/ trSefqdk&ygrl bk&m;&Sifxuf ydk xl;jcm;onfh yk*dKvfxl; yk*dKvfjrwfonf tb,f rSmvQif&SdygtHhenf;/ xdkbk&m;&Sifonf rdrdwdkY Ak'bmom0ifrsm;usi&rnfh usipOfwukd vGechJ fh fh Ykd f onfhESpfaygif;ESpfaxmifhig;&mausmfuyifvQif vrf;TefcJhNyD;jzpfygonf/ ]bk&m;&Sif uydv0wf jynf} edaj*m"mHausmif;wduwif oDwif;oH;k awmf k k f G rlpOfuyifjzpfonf/ ]]omuD0ifrif;}}om;BuD; r[memrfonf bk&m;&Sifudk atmufygtwdkif; avQmufxm;ar;jref;cJhonf/ ]jrwfpGmbk&m;\ omoemawmfrSm Oygoum(Ak'bmom)vdkY ac:aeMuygw,f/ b,fvkd tcsutvufawGeYJ jynhpwhJ yk*Kd vukd f f kH f OygoumAk'bmom ppfac:EdkifygovJbk&m;} ]bk & m;? w&m;? oH C m? &wem jrwf oHk;yg;wdkYtm; udk;uG,fqnf;uyfrSD0JwJh yk * d K vf u d k Oygoumvd k Y a c:Ek d i f w ,f r[memrf r if ; } txufyg bk&m;&Sif\ rdefYMum;awmf rlcJhonfhtwdkif; &wemjrwfoHk;yg;udk qnf;uyf udk;uG,faeMuonfh rdrdwdkYonf Ak'bmom0if ppfppfjzpfNyDavm[k qef;ppf&efvdktyfvSonf/ tu,fppfppf &wemjrwfoHk;yg;udk ESpfESpfum um,HMk unfoqygu jyifyyk*Kd vukd ud;k uG,Mf u l kd f rnfr[kwfay/ ae&m &[Em[kxif&Sm; ausmfapmawmfrlaom a0blq&mawmfBuD;tm; ]wynh f a wmf w d k Y [ m &wemjrwf o H k ; yg;ud k udk;uG,fqnf;uyfaeMuayr,fh &wemjrwf oH k ; yg;&J U tusKd ; aus;Zl ; ud k rcH p m;&bl ; yg bk & m;} [k avQmuf x m;Mu&m q&mawmf BuD;u- ]'umwdkY b,fcHpm;&rvJ? 'umwdkY &wemoHk;yg;udk MunfndKw,fqdkwm udk,fh td r f u d k r wnh f w J h ol i ,f c sif ;vmoavmuf ;vmoavmuf awmif r S rMunf n d K awmh b,f r S m vmNyD ; cHpm;&rSmvJ} [k rSwfom;zG,f&m qHk;rawmf rl c J h y gonf / tqHk;trum; aoG;xGufatmif rSevonf/ rdrwonf o'gapwoduf wpfv;kH f S d Ykd uvGJ tjcm;rnfonhft&mudkrS ay;p&mrvdk onfh &wemjrwfo;kH yg;ESirl wnfatmif raygif; fh h cJMh uaomfvnf; jyifyyk*Kd vrsm;jzpfMuonfh ewf? f bdk;awmfponfrsm;udkrl Muuft&uf wefpdk;

vufaqmifrsm;udkay; enf;rsKd;pHkESihf rwnfh wnf h a tmif a ygif ; oif ; aeMuavonf / xd k Y a Mumih f Ak ' b mom0if p pf p pf j zpf v d k y gu &wemoH k ; yg;ud k ES p f E S p f u mum qnf ; uyf udk;uG,fMuoihfonf/ rdrdwdkYonf xdk&wemjrwfoHk;yg;tm; tb,faMumihf ,H,MkH unfMunfu;kd uG,zYkd vdyg k f k oenf;/ tajzum;rdrwYkd ykxZOfow0grsm;wGif d k oH o &m wpf a vQmuf v H k ; u pG J u yf y gvmcJ h Muonfh udavomElema&m*gwdukd aysmufuif; Yk atmif ukoay;EkiaomaMumihyif jzpfygonf/ d f f bk & m;&S i f o nf aq;orm;q&m0ef B uD ; ES i h f wl w&m;awmf o nf aq;jzpf y gonf / xdkYtjyif t&d,morkwdESpfjzmaom oHCm awmf t aygif ; onf vuf a xmuf q &m0ef rsm;ES i h f w l n D M uygonf / xdkxdk dk;&mewf? bdk;awmf? yk*dKvfxl; qdkolrsm;onf udavoma&m*gwdkYudk aysmuf uif;atmifukoEdkifpGrf;r&SdMuay/ avmuDBuD; yGm;a&;? pD;yGm;a&;wdkYtwGuf xdkyk*dKvfrsm;udk qnf ; uyf u d k ; uG , f a eMu&jcif ; jzpf o nf [ k qifajcay;vQivnf; xdqifajconf cdivrnf f k k f kH r[kwfay/ tb,faMumihfqdkaomf bk&m;&Sif onf avmukw&mtusK;d twGuf yGiawmfrvm fh l jcif ; jzpf a omf v nf ; avmuD t usKd ; pD ; yG m ;uk d vnf; ay;EkdifaMumif;udk yd#uwfZmwfvrf;rsm; xJwGif txift&Sm;yifawGUjrifEkdifayonf/ uJ h o d k Y avmuk w f a vmuD E S p f v D a om csrf;omudkay;pGrf;Ekdifonfh &wemjrwfoHk;yg; tay: ESpfESpfumum ,HkMunfonfh pdwf"mwf jzpfay:vmatmif usi&rnfum; Ak'bmom0if fh wdkY\ usihfpOfyif jzpfygonf/ uJousio;kH Muonfh Ak'bmom0if h Ykd fh wd k Y & Ek d i f o nf h tusKd ; ud k ]'D C ed u m,okwr[m0g} r[mor,okwewif tusO;f csKyf f f G a[mMum;awmfrlcJhavonf/ &wemjrwfoHk;yg; udk qnf;uyfudk;uG,folwdkY tenf;qHk;&&Sdrnfh tusKd;um; aoonhftcg tyg,fav;bHkodkY rusa&mufbJ aumif;&mok*wdboom a&muf kH Ykd &SdEkdifjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif ]t*d'wokwef} vnf; &wemjrwfoHk;yg;wdkYudk udk;uG,f&jcif; aMumihf ab;r&Sd jcif;? jrihjf rwfjcif;rsm;yifrubJ edAmefodkYwdkif a&muf&SdEkdifaMumif; bk&m;&Sif a[mMum;awmfrconf/ xdaMumihf &wemjrwf l hJ Yk oH k ; yg;ud k ES p f E S p f u mum ,H k M unf o uf 0 if vmatmif BudK;pm;&rnfhwm0efrSm Ak'bmom 0ifwdkYtwGuf eHygwf(1)usihfpOfyifjzpfaMumif; a&;om;wifjyvdkuf&ygonf/ [d a woD em*od e f

DHAMMA TALKS

12

"r0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/ ,if;vdtyfcsursm; Ny;D jynhprom oef&i;f oyf&yfpnfum;oduNf rKd uaom k f f kH S Y S k f NrdKUwpfNrdKUjzpfvmayrnf/ trsm;jynfolESpfoufaomNrdKUjzpfvmayrnf/ rif;wke;f rif;w&m;Bu;D onf tajrmftjrifBu;D rm;onf/ rEav; eef;NrdKUawmfBuD; vHkNcHKa&;? rEav;a&TNrdKUawmfol a&TNrdKUawmfom;rsm; aomufoHk;a&&&Sda&;twGuf qnfawmfBuD;rS a&udk rEav;usHK;awmf twGif;odkY ta&mufoGif;,lcJhonf/ xdkacwfu rif;rIxrf;rsm;onfvnf; xl;cRefxufjrufMuonf/ rEav;a&TNrdKUawmfBuD;udk pepfwus tuGuf dkuf wnfaqmufEkdifcJhMuonf/ aomufoHk;a&zlvHkatmif aqmif&GufEdkif cJhMuonf/ odyHynmwwfajrmufaom b,ftif*sifeD,mrS rygcJhacs/ tHhcsD;*kPf,lzG,faumif;aom arG;&mygjrefrmynm&Sdrsm;jzpfMuonf/ omoemh 'g,um rif ; wk e f ; rif ; rif;wkef;rif;w&m;BuD;onf rEav;omoemawmf\ xif&Sm; aom omoemh'g,umbk&ifwpfyg;jzpfonf/ rEav;aejynfawmfwGif omoemh'g,umBuD;\ omoemjyKvkyfief;rsm;udk a&;zGJUoDuHk;ygu qH;k Ekitrxifyg/ odaomfvnf; urmay:&Sd ax&0g'Ak'bmomEkiirsm; d f hH Yk d f H u ,aeYtxd av;pm;tm;xm; avhvmaeMuaom t"duomoemjyK vkyfief;BuD; 2 &yfuawmh omoemhordkif;tjzpf txift&Sm;usef&SdcJh rnfh rSwwijf zpfygonf/ xdomoemjyKvyief;Bu;D 2 &yfrm tjcm;r[kwf f kd k k f S yg/ yro*Fg,emwifonfhvkyfief;ESihf ,if;odkY o*Fg,emwifNyD;aom yd # uwf p mayrsm;ud k ausmuf x uf t u & mwif N yD ; xm;&S d c J h o nf / urmausmfonfh omoemjyKvkyfief;rsm;jzpfayonf/ rE a v;ES p f 100 jynh f y G J a wmf B uD ; rEav;NrKd U ESpf 100 jynhyawmfBu;D (0g) rEav;omoemawmf f JG 2500 jynhfyGJawmfBuD;ukd EkdifiHawmftpdk;&u OD;aqmif rEav;awmif ajcwGif 1321 ckESpf? wefaqmifrkef;vqef; (8)&ufaeYrSp (14)&ufaeY txd (7)&ufwdkifwdkifBuD;us,fcrf;em;pGm usif;ycJhavonf/ omoemawmf 2500 jynh f t xd r f ; trS w f & wemAd r mef a wmf ou&mZf 1317 ckESpf? wefaqmifrkef;vjynhfausmf 4 &uf (1955 ckESpf atmufwdkbm 8 &uf)aeYwGif 45 wm taemufajrmuf axmifh? ,cif trSwf 10 &Jpcef;ae&mwGif r[mrkedb@mawmfxdef; tzGJUESihf tpdk;&ygVdyxrjyef qGrf;auR;toif;rS 58 OD;aumfrwDzGJUpnf; omoemawmf 2500 jynhftxdrf;trSwf &wemAdrmefawmfBuD;ESihf y&dabm*tkwfwdkufBuD;ESpfaqmifudk aqmufvkyfNyD; omoemhrSwfwdkif pdkufxlcJhMuavonf/ rE a v;ES p f 150 jynh f rEav;a&TNrKd UawmfBu;D udk ou&mZf 1221 ckEp?f uqkevqef; S f 14 &ufwe*FaEGaeYwGif omoemjyKbk&if b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;u omoemawmfESpf 2400 txdrf;trSwftjzpf wmaygif; 2400 tuGuf dkuf BuD;us,fcrf;em;pGm wnfaqmufcJhavonf/ Ak'omoemawmf xGef;vif;jyefYyGm;&m ,if;rEav;a&TNrdKUawmfBuD;onf rMumrD ESpf 150 jynhfawmhrnf pma&;olonf rEav;ESpf 150jynhftBudKaqmif;yg;udk 31.3.2009 &ufaeYxkwf "r0D&*sme,ftwGJ 15 trSwf trSwf 4 wGif a&;om;ylaZmfcJhNyD;jzpfygonf/ omoemh o rk d i f ; rS w f w k d i f u sef & pf a pcsif rMumrD ESpf 150 jynhfawmhrnf/ rEav; ESpf 150 jynhfyGJawmf BuD;udk wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u BuD;us,fcrf;em;pGm usif;yMuawmhrnfjzpfyg onf/ xl;jcm;atmifjrifpm usi;f yEkiMf uygap[k qEjyKvsuf omoem G d awmf 2500 jynhf&wemhAdrmefordkif;rSwfwdkifBuD;taMumif;udk a&;om; ylaZmftyfygownf;/ jrwfa0(a&Tjynfom)

omoemawmf 2500 jynfU &wemAdrmef

jrwf a 0 (a&T j ynf o m) jref r mEk d i f i H \ omoemtvif ; a&mif ,cktcg ax&0g'Ak'omoemtvif;a&mifonf jrefrmEdkifiH wGif tHcs;D zG,aumif;atmif xGe;f vif;awmufajymifvsu&onf/ wpfcsef h f f dS d u tdEd,EkdifiHwGif tajcysKd;pwifxGef;vif;cJhaom Ak'omoema&mif onf blrdeufoefrSefuefaom jrefrmEkdifiHokdY a&muf&SdvmcJhonf/ ,aeY Ak'omoemawmfonf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif txGwftxdyfodkY a&muf&Sdaeay NyD? y&d,wd? y#dywd? y#da0"omoemawmfoHk;&yfudk urmhAk'bmom Ekiirsm;u jrefrmEkiioYdk vma&mufoifMum;enf;emcHae&aom tcsef d f H d f H d tcgjzpfvmacsNyD/ yk * H o moemawmf wpfcsdefu yk*Hjynfonf rdpm'd|dt,lonf;aom t&nf;BuD; 0g'BuD;pdk;&m a'ojzpfcJhonf/ trdkufarSmiftwd zHk;vsuf&SdcJhonf/ yxr jrefrmEdkifiHudk pwifwnfaxmifcJhaom taemf&xm bk&ifonf rdpm 'd|dtarSmifxkudk wGef;vSefz,f&Sm;um omoemjyK&[ef;awmf &Sift&[H udk yihf udk;uG,fcJhonf/ yk*Hjynf\ Ak'omoemtvif;a&mifxGef;vif; awmufajymifapcJhonf/ omoemjyKbk&ifrsm;jzpfMuaom taemf&xm rif;ESihf usefppfrif;wdkYonf yk*Hacwf jrefrmhordkif;udk atmifjrifpGm wGe;f vSeajymif;vJcaom omoemjyKrif;aumif;rif;jrwfrsm;jzpfMuonf/ f hJ xdkYtjyif Ak'omoemawmf\ tarGtESpfrsm;jzpfaom a&Tpnf;cHkapwD? r*FvmapwD? tmeEm*lbk&m;? oAnK*lbk&m;? xD;vdkrif;vdkbk&m;? plVm rPd*lbk&m;ponfh omoedutaqmufttHktajrmuftrsm;udkvnf; wnfxm;udk;uG,fcJhMuonf/ ,aeYwdkif urmu vma&mufavhvm,l& aom tEkynmvuf&mrsm;jzpfaeonf/ xdtjyifjrefrmtrsK;d om;wpf&yf Yk vHk; tqihfjrihfrm;aom Ak',Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;udkvnf; jyKpkysKd; axmifay;cJhavonf/ rif;ESihf jynfol MunfjzLpGmvufwGJaqmif&GufcJhMu avonf/ bmoma&; pD;yGm;a&;? vlra&;? ,Ofaus;rIponfwukd bufpkH I Ykd zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufconf/ xdaMumihvnf; ta&SUawmif tm&Swif tdre;D csi;f hJ Yk f G f EkdifiHrsm;u av;pm;&aom yxrjrefrmEkdifiHawmfBuD;udk wnfaxmifEkdif cJhjcif;jzpfavonf/ rE a v;omoemawmf ]]tkwfuspfausmfat;? rEav;}} tqdkESihftnD rEav;NrdKU (rEav;aejynfawmf)udk yro*Fg,emwif omoemjyKbk&if b0&Sif rif;wkef;rif;w&m;BuD;u NrdKUawmfwnfcJhonf/ a&TNrdKUawmfBuD; usHK;awmf? r[mavmurm&ZdefapwDawmf? odrfawmfBuD;? r[mtwkva0,ef ausmif;awmf? yd#uwfwdkufawmf? ok"rmZ&yfawmfpaom 7 XmewdkYudk wpfNydKifeufwnf; wnfaqmufcJhonf/ rif;wke;f rif;w&m;Bu;D onf rEav;NrKd Uawmf? NrKd Ud;k ESifh usKH ;awmf wdkYudk pepfwus yEufcs wnfaqmufcJhonf/ rEav;a&TNrdKUawmfBuD; udkvnf; wpfjyvQif wm 50 pDxm; ta&SUtaemuf? 12jy? wm 600 awmifajrmuf 12 jy? wm 600? t0ef;wmaygif; 2400 jzihf pepfwus tuGufdkufNyD; crf;em;pGmwnfaqmufcJhonf/ omoemawmf ESpf 2400 jynfhtxdrf;trSwftjzpf wnfaqmufcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ NrdKUwpfNrdKU? NrdKUopfwnfaqmuf&mwGif NrdKUuGufdkufa&;rSm t"duusouJhodkY a&? vrf;? ESihf rD;&&Sda&;wdkYrSmvnf; t"duusonf/

-NUPASSANA DHAMMA
"r0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

13

yckuL q&mawmfb&m;Bu; b'EaEmbmor[max&f k D a[mMum;awmfrtyfaom l

ygVdyd#uwfawmf'DCedu,fr[m0*okwef
r[mowdyXmeokwawmfvm f tvGerejf rwfvNS y;D em;vnfv, edAmefa&mufaMumif; f G G f vlwi;f vufawGusiEiaom dk Y hf dk f

"rmEkyemw&m;awmfjrwf
]]"r m Ek y emw&m;awmf j rwf o nf omoemtwG u f t vG e f t usKd ; &S d N yD ; ? omoemjyK&mvnf ; a&muf o nf r nf ? jref r m bmomwpfrsKd;wnf;jzifh tptqkH;azmfjyvkduf&ygonf/ ("r0D&*sme,f) (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) -yk*dKvfryg("r)om("rpuK)jzpfownf;/ "rmEkyem 'kwd,ydkif; -yk*dKvfygvQif olig0if? wGif('d|d)jzpfownf;/ w&m;tm;avsmf p G m usih f y g -('d|)jzpfvQif cspre;f 0if wGi(avmb)? (a'go)jzpfownf; d f k f ]"rEktEk"rpm&D} w&m;udkavsmfpGm usihfvdkY&Sd&if (avmb? vdkY bkef;BuD;pyfxm;w,f 'umBuD;(rSefygY)? ig? ol? a,musfm;? rdef;r? a'go? arm[)awGy,fw,f? 'gayr,fh trsm;tm;jzihf w&m;usihfaeMu f S d f wJholawGrSm (igawG? olawG? a,musfm;? rdef;r? yk*dKvf? ow0gtod yk*Kd vf (ynwf)udk z,fMunhwwfr('d|)pifwm? (ynwf)udk z,fMunhwwf (ynwf)awGu) zHk;NyD; usihfaeMuawmh w&m;udkavsmfpGmusihf&m ra&muf &if (y&rwf)udkjrifvmw,f? pdwfrSm (ynwf)ruyfap&bl;? tJh'Dvdk I& w,f? oday;&w,f(rSefygY)/ awmhbl;? ab;acsmfNyD; vrf;vGJusihfawG jzpfaeMuw,f..(rSefygY)/ ("rpMum)qdkwm ("r)oabmw&m;udk ac:wm? taMumif; &Sdwmu ("r)w&m;yJ&Sdwm? &SdwJh("r)w&m;av;awGudk w&m; tusKd;awGudkvnf; ("r)vdkYac:w,f? (ygVd)udkvnf; ("r)vdkYac:w,f? tm;avsmfpGm od&r,f? od&r,fh ("r)w&m;av;awGu (kyf)vnf; "r yJ(pdw)vnf;"ry?J apwoduvnf; ("r)yJ? (ynwf)vnf;("r)yJ? y&rwf (opm)udkvnf; ("r)vdkYac:w,f? ("rpMum)rSm jrwfpGmbk&m;u ('ku f f vnf;("r)yJ? (edAmef)vnf; ("r)w&m;oabmav;awGy?J 'D("r)av;awG opm? ork',opm? eda&m"opm? r*opm)udk&Sif;jyxm;w,f (rSefygY)/ udk,fhoEmefrSm ('ku)jzpfwmudk ('ku)jzpfwJhtaMumif; trSef ay:rSm ay:vmwJh("r)w&m;tm;avsmfpGmI&r,f? od&r,f? 'Dvdk I&r,fh od&rJh udpudk ("r)eJYrqdkifwJh (igY)tay:? (olY)tay: tjrifraysmufwJh ajymwm? wu,hf('ku)jzpfaewmudk jzpfaewJhtrSefoabmajymwmu (t0dZm? wPSm? Oyg'gef)awGzHk;NyD; (ynwf)tvdktwdkif; IodaeMuawmh (opm)? tJ'D('ku)rjzpfatmif bmvkyf&rvJ? vkyf&r,fh (udp)u udk,fh oEmefrSm (&m*? a'go? arm[)awG (ynwf)awGrjzpfatmifvkyfyg wvGJpDjzpfaeMuwmaygY...(rSefygY)/ (ynwf)tay: I&if(ynwf)yg&if (t0dZm? ocFg&? wPSm? ajymwm? vkyf&r,fh(udp)&SdvdkY vkyf&r,fhudpu (udpPf)? tJ'DF (&m*? kd kd f f G Oyg'gef)y#dporkyg 'fwef;oGm;wm? 'gaMumih(ynwf)udk z,fNy;D I&w,f/ a'go? arm[)awGuy,fvuawmh vGwom;awmh (uwPf)vdYk 'Dvkd f G f (ynwf)udkcsefcJhNyD; I&w,f? (pdwf)oEmefrSm (&m*? a'go? arm[)ray: opm 4 yg;eJY (edAmef)a&mufatmif jrwfpmbk&m;ua[mygw,f/ (rSeygY)/ (ynwf) oabmw&m;awG jzpfwJh a,musfm;? rdef;r? yk*dKvf? atmif (ynwf)udk z,fI&w,f? (&m*? a'go)ray:atmifIvdkY(&m*? a'go)uif;ae&if ('ku)r&SdwJh (eda&m")"ryJjzpfawmhwmaygY? (eda&m" ow0g? a&T? aiG? ypnf;pwJh (ynwf)awGudkjrif&if (ynwf)udk z,fNyD; "r)awGeYJ aevm&if (edAmef)u (eda&m"opm)a&mufwmaygY? 'Dvkd w&m; (jrifwm)udk(jrifw,f)vdkYyJ I&w,f? ig? ol? a,musfm;? rdef;r? bmyJ? tm;avsmpmaewJpwu (r*)jzpfw,f/ (&m*? a'go)pdwawGuif;awmh b,folyJ? bmjzpfwmyJvdkY qdkwJh (ynwf)eJY rI&bl;? (ynwf)rSef;rodbJ f G h d f f f k udk,fhoEmefrSm Nidrf;Nidrf;BuD;jzpfNyD; (c,H? 0d&m*H? trwH yedwH)wJh? udk,hf I&if ('kuopm)eJY (oHo&m)vnfw,f(rSeygY)? (ynwf)udz,fNy;D (ynwf) udk csefNyD; I&w,f? jrwfpGmbk&m;u (y&rwf)w&m;udkyJ a[mw,f oEmefrSm (&m*? a'go? arm[)awG b,favmufxdukefw,f? bmawG ukefvdkY bmawG&Sdw,fqdkwm udk,hf[mudk,fod&wmaygY? ("r)uaqmif (rSefygY)? oabmw&m;udkjrifwm (puK0dnmPf)&JU vuPm("r)av;yJ? 'gaMumihf jrifwmudk jrifw,fvdkY I? Mum;wmudkMum;w,fvdkY I? eHwmudk oGm;w,f..(rSefygY)/ udk,fvkyf&rSmu (pdwf)udk I&if pdwfjzpf&if (ynwf) ygw,f? eHw,fvdkY I? pm;wJhtcg pm;w,fvdkYI? xdawGU&if (xd)w,fvdkYyJ I? udk,hfpdwfrSm (ynwf)jzpfwmod? (ynwf)pdwfrjzpfwm odzdkYyJ? pdwfoEmef BuHawG;&if BuHawG;w,fvdkYyJ Iyg? odygwJh(rSefygY)/ BuKd uw,f? rBuKd ub;l ? aumif;w,f? raumif;bl;qdwhJ (wPSm) f f k rSm (&m*? a'go? arm[)ray:atmif Munhay;&w,f? (ynwf)ray:&if f (&m*? a'go? arm[)urjzpfbl;? 'grS ("rmEk? tEk"rmpm&D)w&m;tm; bufvnf; a&mufroGm;apeJY (rSefygY)/ rBudKufvdkY pdwfqdk;&if(a'go)&JU vuPmjzpfvdkY pdwfqdk;wJhvuPmav;udk (od)&w,f? NyHK;rd&ifvnf; avsmfpGm usihf&ma&mufw,f/ (rSefygY) w&m;rod&if("rpMum)eJY nd&w,f? (rSefygY) "rpMumxJrSm NyHK;rdwJh vuPmav;awGudk (od)&w,f? ("rmeH)w&m;oabmwdkY\ vuPH(vuPm)udk (nmPH)odjci;fonf tbdnmPf(tbdnmOf)rnf ]"rpuHKO'yg'd} wJh/

COVER SPECIAL FEATURE

14

"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

a&S Y r suf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

\/ ("r)oabmw&m;awGu (tbdaO,s)w&m;vdvnf;ac:w,f/ txl; Yk odwmu (tbdnmPf)ac:w,f? ukokdvf? tukodkvfcGJwwfwmudk (y&d nm)ac:w,f? 'DvdkcGJwwf? cGmwwfwmudk (wd&Py&dnm)ac:w,f/ yg,f w mu (y[mwy ) (y[mey&d n m)ac:w,f ? y,f w mawG u d k rsufarSmufjyKwmu (opdu&P)vdkYac:w,f (rSefygY)/ ("rmEkyem)u ("r)w&m;oabmwd&UJ (vuPm)udyo& Yk k J d w,f? (&m*)jzpf&if (&m*)jzpfw,fod? uyfNid&if uyfNidw,fod? av0if &if0ifwmod? xGuf&ifxGufwmod? vdkcsif&ifvdkcsifw,fod? tvdkrus&if tvdrusre;f od? (kyemrf)"rav;awGjzpfwm (ocFg&)jzpfwhJ (apwodu) k S f f 52 vHk;u twGif;oEmefrSm ("r)av;awGay:atmif (ocFg&apwoduf) u vHIUaqmfaeo vdkufodae&ygw,f/ (od)aew,fqdkwm (Pf)eJY Munhf&wmrsKd;yJ (ynwf)udk z,fNyD;Iwm(Pf)ygwmyJ (rSefygY)/ ("r m eH ) oabmw&m;wd k Y \ nmPH ( Pf ) eJ Y Munh f w mud k (y&rw tEk"rpm&D)ac:w,f? w&m;oabmwdkYudk toduyfNyD; w&m; tm;avsmfpGm (Pf)eJY odaewmyJ (rSefygY)? 'Dvdk ("rmEktEk"r pm&D) w&m;eJYavsmfpGm todvdkufNyD;odaewJhtcg (avmb? a'go? arm[) awGudk y,fw,f? (&m*? a'go? arm[)awGudkvnf; twlwlyJy,fNyD; jzpfw,f (rSefygY)/ ]]"arpyZmemwd}} ("rmH)udvnf;od&w,f? ("rmH)u (tmH) k k k k eJY oabmvuPmtrSefjzpfaewmu ("rmHk)? 'gudk rodwm (arm[) ac:w,f? 'gaMumihf udk,fh(tmHk)rSm ("r)oabmw&m;av;awGjzpfae wJh ("rmHk)jzpfaewmudk jzpfaerSef;odyg? todrsm;vm&if (arm[)awG rsm;rsm;uGmawmhw,f? (tarm[)arm[r&Swpwjf zpfrS (r*f)pdwrsm;rsm; d hJ d f jzpfw,f (a&SUajy;r*f)ac:w,f? (oAHbdua0tbdnm,H)wJh w&m; oabm&JUvuPmawG odatmifvkyfyg? cEmudk,fu ("r)oabmav; awG&JU vuPmudk oyZOf(Pf)eJYodyg(rSefygY)/ ("rmEkyem)qdkwmjzpfvmwJh (tmHk)av;awGrSm(ynwf) rjzpfatmif I&wm(rSeygY)? [m (ky)? [m(a0'em) [m (onm) f f [m(ocFg&)? [m(0dnmPf)vdkY 'Dvdkod&w,f? tJh'g ("rEkyem) cEmydkif;vkdYac:w,f? (ed0&P)wdkY (tm,we)wdkY (oHa,mZOf)wdkY (opm 4 yg;)wdukd Iwmvnf; ("rmEkyem)yJ? 'grS (opm)eJuuw,f? r[kwf Yk Y kd f &if (opm)rqdkufbl;? (opm)qdkufatmif vkyf&w,f? 'DvdkopmqdkufrS (,xmblw)uswm? ,xmblwPfjzpfrS 'Dtjyif PfawGjzpfrSm (Pf)urS (,xmblw)rusyJeJY b,fvdkvkyf (Pf)wufrvJ(rSefygY)/ ]]pdwfuBuHwm (ow0g)("rmHk)eJYvGJaeNyD}} vdkY bkef;BuD;pyfxm; w,f? (pdwf)u BuHwm (ow0g)qdkwJh ig? ol? a,musfm;? rdef;rawG (ynwf)awGyJ BuHwwfwm? 'Dvdk (ynwf)udkyJBuHawmh ("rmHk)eJY vGJae wmaygY? 'gaMumihf (ynwf) udky,fcGmNyD; ("rmHk)eJY rvGJatmif (pdwf)udk vnf; (raem)rSef; od&w,f? (igY)pdwfvdkY ratmif;arh&bl;(rSefygY)/ (ynwf) u ('d|d)jzpfaevdkY (ynwf)cGmrS ('d|d)uvnf; vGwf w,f? (&m*? a'go)uvnf; vGwfw,f? 'gaMumihf bkef;BuD;pyfxm;wm u ]]&m*? a'gojzpfav&m (ynwf)awGvnf; yg&wmvdkY}} pyfxm;w,f? (ynwf) rygawmhrS ("r)qdkwJh oabmvuPmav;udk Munhfwwfw,f (rSeygY)/ f (ynwf) eJY (y&rwf)eJY uGJcsif&if (ynwf)rygrS (y&rwf)jzpf w,f? (y&rwf)u (ynwf)rygwmyJ...(rSefygY)? (y&rwf)a&mufrS (tbd"rm)a&mufw,f? (tbd"rm)a&mufrS (0dyem)a&mufw,f? (rSefygY)? (cEm)oabmawGuvnf; (y&rwf)yJ? (cEm)u vGwfawmhrS (edAmef)yJ(rSefygY)/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf)

uqke f v jynh f Ak ' t cgawmf a eY qk ,ck 1371 ck? uqkefvjynhf(8-5-09)aomMumaeYonf Ak' bmom0ifolawmfpifwdkY\ r*FvmaeYxl;aeYjrwfBuD;jzpfygonf/ xdkuqkefvjynhfaeY\ xl;jcm;csufrSm ]Asm'dwf? zGm;jrif? aAm"d yif? pH0ifedAmefeef;} qdkonfh pmqdkESihftnD oHk;avmuxGwfxm; oAnK &Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;ESihfpyf-Asm'd w f c H , l a omaeY j zpf j cif ; ? -zG m ;jrif a wmf r l a omaeY j zpf j cif ; ? -bk & m;jzpf a wmf r l a omaeY j zpf j cif ; ? -y&d e d A m ef p H a wmf r l a omaeY j zpf j cif ; ? onfhxl;jcm;csufBuD; av;csufwdkYESihf wdkufqdkifudkufnDae aom aeYjzpfygonf/ uJhokdY xl;jcm;csufBuD;av;csufwdkYESihf wdkufqdkif udunjD ynhpaomaMumihf aeYukd ]uqkevjynfh Ak'tcgawmfaeY} [l k f f kH f trTef;wifum ac:qdkMuygonf/ uqk e f v jynh f rm&f a tmif a eY uqkevjynfaeYwif r[maAm"dyif a&Tyvi rm&fewfrif; f h G f \ &efudkatmifjrifawmfrlaomaMumihf aeY &ufudk ]uqkefvjynhf rm&fatmifaeY} tjzpf Ak'bmom0ifolawmfpifwdkY\ pdwftpOfwGif pGJNrJaeMuygonf/ uqk e f v jynf h 0d o mcgaeY 0domcgeuwfESihf,SOf zGm;jrifawmfrljcif;? y&dedAmefpHawmfrl jcif;wdkYudk taMumif;jyK uqkefvjynhfaeYudk ]Vesak day- 0dqpfa';} [lvnf; tjcm;aom Ak'bmomEkdifiHrsm;u ac:qdkMuygonf/ uqk e f v jynh f a nmif a &oG e f ; yG J a wmf a eY Ak'bmom0ifoawmfpiftaygif;wdonf ,if;uqkevjynhaeY l Yk f f wGif bk&m;jzpfawmfrlaom aeYxl;aeYjrwftjzpf tmHkjyK apwDav; yg;wGif y&dabm*apwDxdkufawmfrlaom aAm"danmifyifudka&pifoGef; avmif; ylaZmfavh&Sdygonf/ aAm"dyifonf oAnKwPfawmfu& oH;k avmuxGwxm; kd f jrwfpGmbk&m;jzpfawmfrl&m jrihfjrwfaomXmejzpfjcif;? jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif \ zGm;zufawmf (7)yg;wGif wpfyg;tyg pm&if;0ifjzpfjcif;wdkYaMumihf xl;jrwfaom opfyifwpfrsKd;jzpfygonf/ uJoYkd jrwfpmbk&m;ESifh wduuqufpyfjzpfwnfaeaom h G k f kd f aAm"dyifwGif a&pifoGef;avmif; ylaZmfjcif; tpOftvmudk acwftquf qufwkdY jyKvkyfqifETJcJhMuygonf/ jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI;kd &mtpOftvm (12)&moDyawmfrsm;teuf JG uqkefvwGif anmifa&oGef;yGJawmfudk dk;&mtpOftvmyGJawmftjzpf owfrSwfusif;ycJhMuonfrSm a&S;ya0PDacwfumvrsm;uwnf;uyif jzpfonf/ uqk e f [ l o nf h r morS m jyif ; jyyl & S d e f uqkevonf jrefrmvrsm;wGif 'kw,vjzpf aEGOwk yg0if f d ayonf/ OwkoHk;vD aEG&moD\ A[dkcsufr tv,fusaom vjzpfonf ESitnD ]uqkee,kef aqGUaqGUcke}f qdouJo?Ykd tyl&evuaomvjzpfonf/ hf f k h dS f JG J uqkev\ tyl&ejf yif;jyrIaMumih?f tif;tdif uefacsmif; a&EIwf f dS k ajrmif;rsm;rusef a&crf;ajcmufukefMuonf/ ]aeeef;&,fwhJ zvfo&e?f wefc;kd OPS*eYJ uqke[onf rmorSm l d l f l jyif;jyyl&Sdef ...}

COVER SPECIAL FEATURE

"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ tyl&Sdefjyif;onfh uqkeftwGif;rSm aerif;onfvnf; jcpfjcpf awmufyaeavNy/ t&m&mwdi;f wdYk ajcmufaoGUukeMf uonf/ Ak'bmom l D k 0ifolawmfpifwdkY txGwftjrwfxm;Mu&m r[maAm"dyifudk ajcmufaoGU ysup;D roGm;ap&ef xdtcsef xdumv xdv xd&moD a&pifoe;f avmif; f k d k k k G Mujcif;jzpfavonf/ uqk e f v [l o nf r S m aA'iftac:ta0:tm;jzihf vudk Nyd&moD[kac:onf/ vwGif 0domcgeuwfonf vrif;ESihftwl aumif;uifwGif ,SOfNydKif xGe;f yonf/ onfuaA'ifa0g[m&u 0domcgeuwEifh pef;,SOonf kd f S f [kqdkonf/ &moD\ edrdwfyHktkyfrSm EGm;vm;Oobkyfjzpfonf/ &moD pum;0gyef;wdkY zl;yGihfMuonf/ bk&ifrif;ESihfwuG jynfol jynfom;taygif;wdkYonf anmifa&oGef;yGJawmfudk &moDyGJawmftjzpf wcrf;wem; qif,ifusif;ycJhMuonf/ uqkefvonf aeYwm&Snf nwmwdkaom &ufpHkvjzpfonf/ anmif a &oG e f ; yG J a wmf jrefrmvlrsKd;wdkYonf a&S;ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmrSp ,ckumvtxd wdif uqkevjynhaeYwif anmifa&oGe;f yGawmfukd d;k &m,Ofaus;rI yGawmf k f f G J J tjzpf EkdifiHESihft0ef; NcdrfhNcdrfhoJoJ qifETJusif;yMuonf/ a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;ocif yGihfawmfrlcJh&m aAm"d(anmif) yif \ qifym;aAm"danmifyifrsm;udk tarT;eHom&nf? odr[kwf oefpifaom h G Y Yk Y a&wdkYjzihf oGef;avmif;ylaZmfMuonfh yGJawmfjzpfonf/ aAm"d y if q d k o nf r S m aAm"d y if q d k o nf r S m jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f w d k Y op m av;yg; jrwfw&m;udk ydkif;jcm;xifxif odjrifawmfrl&m opfyifxl; opfyifjrwf jzpfygonf/ aAm"d[laomygVdonf odjrifawmfrljcif;? odjrifawmfrl&m [l teuft"dym,f&onf/ ,if;teuft& ygVdbmompmay aAm"d onf t&d,mr*f oAnKwPfEifh aAm"dyif[onfh t"dyg ,fo;kH rsK;d a[m S l xm;ygonf/ t&d,mr*fonf opmav;wefw&m;rSefudk odjrifwwfaom aMumihf aAm"drnfavonf/ odoihorQ aO,sw&m;wdukd odjrifEiaom f Yk dk f aMumihf oAnKwa&TPfawmfonf aAm"drnfavonf/ bk&m;&SifwdkY yGihfawmfrl&m opfyifudkum; opmav;yg; aO,sw&m;wdkYudk ydkif;jcm; xifxif odjrifawmfrl&mjzpfaomaMumihf aAm"d[kyifac:avonf/ a0bl? uukef? aumPm*H?k uybk&m;&SiwYkd yGiawmf f fh rl&mopfyifrsm;rSm? tifMuif;yif? ukudKyif? a&ozef;yif? yanmifyifwdkY jzpfonf/ ,if;tyifwdkYonf a0blpaom bk&m;&SifwdkY\ omoem awmf aAm"dyif[lrnfav\/ rnfonfhopfyifrqdk bk&m;&SifwdkY opmav;yg;jrwfw&m;udk odjrifawmfrl&m opfyifjzpfvQif xdkopfyif onf aAm"dyif[lonfhtrnfxl;udk&&Sdayonf/ a*gwrAk ' o moemawmf r S r[maAm"d y if a*gwr&Sifawmfjrwfbk&m; opmav;yg; jrwfw&m;udk odjrif awmfrl&m aAm"dyifum; anmifAk'a[(anmifeD)yifjzpf xdkanmifAk' a[yifonf a*gwrbk&m;&Sif omoemawmf aAm"dyifrnfayonf/ ,if;aAm"dyifonf a*gwrjrwfpmbk&m;yGiawmfr&m tyifx;l G fh l tyifjrwfjzpfonftjyif? a*gwrjrwfpmbk&m;&Si\ zGm;zufawmfwpfyg; h G f vnf;jzpf *kPftm;jzihf BuD;jrwfonfh oabm&SdaomaMumihf r[m(BuD;jrwfaom) [laom emr0daooeyk'fjzihf txl;jyKvsuf ]r[maAm"d} [kac:a0:avonf/

15

apwD x d k u f a omaAm"d y if r if ; ygVdyd#uwfck'uygX t|uxmedrdu@okwftzGihf ]apwD qdkonfrSm ylaZmfoihfylaZmfxdkufonfht&mjzpfonf/ xdkapwDonf y&dabm*apwD? O'duapwD? "mwkapwD[koHk;rsKd;&Sdonf/ (tcsKdUusrf; wdkY om&D&duapwD? "rapwD? y&dabm*apwD? O'duapwD[l av;rsKd;jyonf) xdkapwDwdkYwGif aAm"dyifonf y&dabm*apwDrnf\} [k zGihfqdkxm;onf/ ,if;odkY ylaZmfoihfylaZmfxdkufaom opfyifjrwf jzpf a omaMumih f jrwf p G m bk & m;ouf a wmf x if & S m ;&S d a wmf r l p Of u yif xdkaAm"dyifudk pdkuf bk&m;&Sifudk,fpm; udk;uG,fylaZmfcJhMuonfudk aw&ouedygwf umvd*FaAm"dZmwf awGU&SdMu&onf/ a&T w d * H k & if j yif a wmf r S aAm"d y if E S p f q l a&Twd*HkapwDawmf &ifjyifawmftaemufajrmuf &m[kaxmifh? taemufbuf wHwi;f ESihf ajrmufbufwwi;f wdYk qH&mteD; tdE,jynf kd H kd k d r[maAm"dyifrS tudkif;udk ,laqmif 1948 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 4 &ufaeY jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;aeYwGif trSwfw& pdkufysKd;cJhonf/ xdkYjyif apwDawmfBuD;\ &ifjyifawmf ta&SUawmifaxmihf t*FgaxmifhtwGif;buf tdEd,jynf Ak'*,mt&yf&Sd r[maAm"dyifrS taphudk ,laqmif pdkufysKd;xm;aom r[maAm"dyifBuD;&Sdao;onf/ ,if;aAm"dyifBuD;\ yifajct&if;ywfvnfwGif tkwfzdeyf0dkif;xm;onf/ if;aAm"dyifum; ESpfpOfuqkefvjynhfaeYodkY usa&mufwkdif; uqkefanmifa&oGef;yGJawmf usif;y&maAm"dyifjzpfonf/ anmif a &oG e f ; yG J a wmf t p jref r mEk d i f i H u jrefrmAk'bmom0if olawmfpifwdkYonf uqkefvjynhfaeY wGif r[maAm"dyif a&pifoe;f avmif;ylaZmfMuonfh ,Ofaus;rI "avhrm G S Ak'omoemawmf pwifawmfrlcJh&m tdEd,EkdifiH\ xHk;pHrS qif;oufvm aom ,Ofaus;rI"avhr[kwfay/ tdE,Ekii?H oD&vuFm(oD[V)Ekiiw uqkev&moDwif d d f d dk f d f H Ykd f G anmifa&oGef;avmif;Muaom "avhonfa&S;uvnf;r&Sd? ,ckvnf; r&Sd acs/ uqkefanmifa&oGef;yGJawmfonf wu,fawmh rnfonfhEkdifiHurQ qif;oufvmonfh yGJawmfr[kwf? a&S;acwf jrefrmBuD;wdkYu jrefrmhenf; jrefrmh[efjzihf wDxGifzefwD;cJhMuonfh jrefrmwdkY\ udk,fydkiftpOftvm yGJawmfBuD;wpf&yfomjzpfayonf/ r[maAm"d y l Z ed , 0E e m*gxm 0aE 0aE[} rwH? ,w oEZdawm Zdawm/ umarm umarmC wdaPe? Aka'e 0owm owm/ (o'eDwd? "mwkrmvm) ,w(taw)= tMuifaAm"danmifaAG Ak'a[? owmoaE e=Nidrfoufat;aq; ,Ofaus;odrfarGUpGm? 0owm 0oaEe= pHawmfrl aom? umrmCwdaPe= umrrkewi;f ? MoCvdi;f wnf;[laom oHo&m f kd I udk vGefajrmufawmfrlNyD;aom? Aka'e= opmav;yg;? w&m;odjrif bk&m; &Sionf? oEZawm= zrf;[qD;[ a'grmefxvsu?f t"rNcr;f ajcmufvm f d d aom? uma&m=0o0wDewfjynfuqif; xefjyif;Murf;MuKwf rm&fewf ,kwu?kd oEZawm=yg&rDawmf tmEkabmfjzihf xkwazmf`rwMf um; BuKH ;0g; f d f G ajcmufvSefYawmfrlvsuf? Zdawm=rvSef0HhbJ &efGefYpJatmif zsufcGJBudwf acs atmifjrifawmfravNy?D wH(tw)=xdrm&fewfrif;udEreif;atmif l H k k dS f jrif&m r[maAm"d oD&dNzdK;vdIif r@dKifatmifcef; anmifa&Teef;udk? t[H= aAm"dqkudk a&S;I&nfarQmf wynhfawmfonf? 0aE0aE=vGefpGm dkusKd; vufpHkrdk; &Sdcdk;uefawmhyg\ t&SifjrwfBuD;bk&m;/ Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

POEM FOR THE POUR WATER ON THE SACRED BANYAN OR BO TREE

16

"r0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/ olawmf"r owdruGmqufuyfvsuf? 0domcgeuwf pef;&wemESihfNydKif awmh? yef;pum;0gtcdkiftiHk<uonhf? uqkefv&moDtjrwfrSm? &Gmjynf t&yf&yf aomifacarrvGapzd?Yk anmifa&yGjJ yKMuwJobifuAs? odtwGuf J h kd Yk *k"r,SOfum wPSmcsdK;NyD;? jyKorQtpOf jrefrmtrsdK;wdkYrSm ,ckb0wGif ormrdI;apbJ? okcr*Fvmrdk;ya0 a&S;acwfvdk? ukovy*FZmxdk;NyD;? a&T olaX;jzpfMuavawmhownf;/ uqkeanmifa&oGe;f yGawmfEiywfouf? uqkevbGUJ oDqkd f J S fh f usL;&ifhoHrsm;udk tNidrfhyGJ? ZmwfyGJ? kyfao;yGJwdkY trsdK;rsdK;oDqdkavh&SdcJhMu onf/ xdkpOftcgu &wemyHk rEav;aejynfawmfBuD; emrnfausmf cJhaom tNidrfhobif vl&TifawmfBuD; OD;"mwfcdk;&GwfqdkcJhonfh ]]uqkef anmifa&oGef; vuFmBuD;}} udk jyefvnfqef;opfazmfjyvkduf&ayonf/ "r 0 D & aemuf a usmzk H ; rS wnfaqmufjyKjyifEdkifpGrf;&SdonhftodPfynmrsm; &&SdcJhMuonhfenf; wl? tjyeftvSeftm;jzihf urmavmu"mwfBuD;wpf&yfvHk;tm; wrk [kwfcsif; vHk;0OHkt<uif;rJhqdwfokOf;aysmufuG,foGm;EdkifpGrf;&Sdonfh tzsufpGrf;tm;BuD;rm;jyif;xefaom EsLuvD;,m;vufeufBuD;rsm;udk wDxGifzefwD;xkwfvkyfvmEdkifcJhMuavonf/ tu,f vlwdkY\pdwfudk rSefuefpGm xdef;csKyfr&EdkifcJhonf &Saomf odr[kwf jyKjyifxe;f ausmif; r&Ediconf&aomf pdwu;l jzihyif d Yk d k f hJ dS f f rSef;arQmfMunhfI r&Edkifavmufaomab;tE&m,fqdk;BuD;tqihftxd avmuBuD;wpfckvHk; trSefwu,fusa&mufoGm;Edkifrnfjzpfonf/
One example that springs to mind is Hitter who used his great intelligence for evil purposes.

&wemyHkrEav;acwf uqkefanmifa&oGef;vuFmBuD;

"r0D&

avmurSeful? bk&m;"r&mZfu? aomifajrtrwm,Gef;.../ a*gwro,rL? w&m;ppfvsuf? atmifapywemTef;.../ "ar m o" tvH x l u m? yw j rm;uopf E S i h f anmif a & ZvmoGef; .../ aemifta&SomoemxGe;f Ny;D ? trSetoH;k jyKapzd?Yk awmifajryx f AsmuRef; .../ t&[HoHk;vly&ar\ pHxHk;Oya'taxmufESihf ppfvkdufawmh? ajcmufq,f&ppum;oGm;tpOfcif;cJ/ bk&m;zGm;jrifjcif; 0da0ut"d|mef S f h ESihf? udavoy&dedAmef opmjrifwJhjyif? cspfb*0gt&Sif trwmajr <u r,fvdkY? tyrma'e okwf"rcef t|uxm>rufNyD;? kyfemrfuzsuf? bHtrwem*&mcsjD cif;onf uqkev&moDtwGi;f ude;f t&yf&yfjzpfaom k f aMumihf txdr;f trSwpepf acwfrwdrap[kqNkd y;D ? wpfEpwpfBurtrsm; f f S f d f olwdkYrSm? bk&m;wnfwpfql br&mpnfwD; trwmjynfBuD; aZmowd ,SOfvdkYrdkY? aAm"dyif dkaowJhoabmESifh? xdkxdkajrwaMum tpOftvm jzpfym;atmif? oHCm&Spyg; *k"rruGmapbJ? OygoumawG tpHk w&m; G f cspfoavmufygyJ? ykPm;&Spfa,mufu e0&wfckoif;aqmif? owk uif;atmif aZ,sr*Fv&w?f yxryvictxGw?f rlenf;trSm;bd?Yk vlBu;D H G f H trsm;u eHomtd;k toD;oD;ydu?f unmtrsKd ;orD;wpfouu oajyyef; Y k kd f rdI;atmif? a&csrf;tdk;udk,fpD&GufNyD;? y[dk&fpnfESufum xD;jzL&Spfvuf ESiwuG? enf;rlpepfrysuf twlaysmarGUvsu?f ([m..[du..) olawmf hf f k &aohESihf 'dk;ywform;/ onfaemufuawmh? wefc;kd vQy<f um;atmif? tqef;PfwpfrsKd ; h Munf? eef;qefwhJ td;k pnfEifh twD; tqdk tu? tNy;D rvd& e,fwcGi&if S k f T csKd ? r,f'vifbif*sKd Eifh t&yfom;wduaysm?f rSwom;bdaemf? Ak'bmom S Yk f Yk wd?Yk Ou|omoemrd?Yk rd;k epfoMd um;wdu? ykx;kd jrwfb&m; yoylaZmfovd?k Yk k jrZrLay: yHkoPmefcif;usif;vsuf? *kPftvQHw0if;0if; tjrwf&SmwJh yGJyguvm;a[h? (tJ'Dvdk) &yf&GmxJ tpOfjyvdkYrdkY? Munf&Tifp&m NrdKU&GmvSnhf Ny;D ? ud,bmom\ aAm"dyifa&mufyvm;qd?k ajymcJonhtpOfwpfavQmuf? k hf h f bk&m;prm,fonfukd trsm;yef&,vsu?f ax&ft&Siq&mwdu? Munf&if G f f Yk T pGm y&dwarwmrTe;f Ny;D ? twdwvusmuRe;f EIe;f zGUJ NcKH vsu?f oH;k q,fwpfbkH f f f ab;b,myMuapzdkY? at;p&mt0 (tJ'Dvdk) ylaZmfyoMuygojzihf?

vufawGUom"uwpf&yfjzihf Oyrmjy&aomf? emZD*smreDtmPm &SifBuD; [pfwvm\ kwfcsnf;jzpfay:vmwwfaompdwfudk wifjy&rnf jzpfonf/ tmPm&Si[pfwvmonf ol\wpfzuf&eforsm;ESifh ywfouf f l vmvQif vQdKU0SufaxmufvSrf;a&;tzGJUrsm;rS wifjyvmaomtaxmuf txm;rsm;t&? tvGeq;kd &Gm; tE&m,frsm;aom ,kwrm&ufpufrrsm; f f I udk tpDtpOfrsm;csrSwf rD;ukef,rf;ukeftpGrf;ukef taumiftxnf azmfum pGrf;aqmifEdkifcJhjcif;wdkYudk wifjy&rnfjzpfonf/
Almost all other living beings are slowly becoming extinct because of the selfish desire of human being arising from minds which are not trained properly.

urmavmuBuD; ouf&SifrSDwif;aeMuaom tjcm;aom ouf&Sdow0grsm;tm;vHk;vdkvdkwdkYonfvnf; wjznf;jznf; wpfp wpfp jzihf qufvuf&ioef&yfwnfaexdiEipr;f r&SMd uawmhaom tajctae S f k f kd f G qdk;BuD;odkY qdkufa&mufoGm;vdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ tb,faMumihfqdkygaomf ([pfwvmuJhodkYaom) vlwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ qifjcifxdef;csKyfEdkifpGrf; r&SdEdkifawmhaom wpfudk,faumif;qefudk,fusdK;pD;yGm;wpfckwnf;twGuf avmb&rufief;ief;wufraMumihf urmavmuBu;D qdwoO;f cef;ajcmuf I f k oGm;&zG,fjzpfacsonf/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / ) "r0D&-oEm tjynf j ynf q d k i f & max&0g' Ak ' o moemjyKwu o d k v f /

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfaponf/

17

uruwmorm'd|d
armifjynfh
(4) txufwef;Ak'0g'D wdkYjzpfygw,f/ xd k 4 rsd K ;xJ w G i f trS w f ( 1)rS uReawmfwtm;vH;k jyKusioihf jyKusiEiaom f Ykd hf hf kd f trSwf(3) txdudk bdk;bdk;BuD;tmabmftwdkif; azmfjytyfygonf/ (1) oli,fwef;Ak'0g'Dqwmu rd;kd zvm kd "avhx;kH pHjzifvnf;aumif;? ywf0ef;usif vlw\ h Ykd twkudkvdkufvnfaumif; t&if;tjrpfudk aoaocsmcsmbmrQrod b J E S i f h a,mif 0 g; udk;uG,fMuwJh yk*dKvfrsm;jzpfygw,f/ (2) rlvwef;Ak'0g'D qdonfrm ]uH}ESi]hf uH} k S \tusd K ;ud k toif h t wif h o d y g\/od k Y a omf ol\]o&P*Hk}uawmhjzifh rcdkifNrJwJh ]]ted,w o&P*Hk}}jzpfygw,f/ ruf a rmavmuf w J h yp n f ; ? Op m ? *kP&e?f &mxl;? pnf;pdrf awGEijhf zm;a,mif;vQif f dS f S olY ]o&P*Hk}[mcsufcsif;yifysufpD;wwfNyD; wpfyg;aom bmomodYk tvG,wulajymif;oGm; f Edkifygw,f/pm;0wfaea&;tcuftcJaMumifh(tl rawmifhrS oDvapmifhEdkifrnf) qdkaomolrsm; vnf;tjcm;bmomodYk ul;ajymif;oGm;wwfMuyg w,f/xdkyk*dKvfrsm;pGmudkvnf; ,ckacwfwGif rsu0g;xifxifawGUjrifEiMf uygw,f/ f kd xdkoljyKwJh'geuvJ ]yumoe'gersdK;} ]*k P f w k * k P f N yd K if ' gersd K ;}omjzpf y gw,f / xdkolyGm;wJhbm0emuawmh yg;pyfuxif&m awGajym?vufu ykwD;vHk;awGudk armfwmESifh &pfovdk wpfywfNyD; wpfywf pdwfNyD; udk,fh ud k , f u d k t [k w f x if N yD ; ? auseyf a eMuwJ h yk*dKvfwdkY&JU0g'rsdK;awG jzpfygw,f/ (3) tv,f w ef ; Ak ' 0 g'D u awmh j zif h uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;(Ak'bmom0if)wdkYtwGuf tifrwefta&;BuD;aomtcsufjzpfygw,f/ tv,f w ef ; Ak ' 0 g'D q d k w muawmh (uruwm orm'd|d)uHESifhuH\tusdK;udk ,HMk unfw,f/ cdiNf rwhJ ]]ed,w o&P*H}k }jzpf&ef k J vkyqygyJ/'geudvJ 0#fqif;&JrS xGuajrmufwhJ f J k f ]]0d0edw}} tjzpfEihf wwftm;orQjyKvyyg d S k f w,f/ ]]*k"roDv}} udkvJ vHkNcHKpGm wwfEdkif oavmufxdef;odrf;ygw,f/ xdk'ge oDvawG xufomvGefwJh ]]0dyem bm0em}}udkvJ

uRefawmfwdkY jrefrmEdkifiHwGif bmom aygif;pHk vlrsKd;aygif;pkHaexdkif&m Ak'bmom0if vlOD;a&rSm trsm;qHk;jzpfMuonf/ odkYaomf Ak'bmom0ifrsm; rddk;zvmAk'bmom0ifu ydrsm;Muonf/ xdoq&jcif;rSm uReawmfvnf; k k Ykd kd f wpfcsdefu xdktxJrSm tygt0ifjzpfonf/ uRefawmfhtouf 24 ESpf wGif tdrfaxmifus ZeD ; jzpf o l \ tzG m ; a':a&T 0 gpd e f (pma&; q&mrBuD; ,k0wDa&T0gpdef)xHrS qHk;roGefoifrI ESifh aus;Zl;jyKrIaMumifh aus;Zl;awmf&Sif rdk;ukwf q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; \ w&m;awmf r sm;ud k emMum;cGifh&cJhonf/ Mum;em& onfhtcsdefrSp vGefavNyD;aom 24 ESpfwm umvrSm trSwfrJh aexdkifcJhrIrsm;twGuf ESajrmwordcJhonf/ wpfzef uRefawmfhZeD;\ zcifjzpfol taz OD ; oef ; xd k u f u vnf ; rd k ; uk w f q &mawmf bk & m;BuD ; \ om0ujzpf o nf h t m;avsmf p G m uRefawmfhtm; jzpfrI?ysufrI? tedpw&m;rsm;udk tNrJwap awGYwdkif; owday;av\/tzGm; ,k0wD a&T0gpdef\ aus;Zl;jzifh tzGm;\taz (bdk;bdk;BuD;OD;pH&Sdef)\ 'd|jd zKwykH tvkyw&m; f f pmtkyfudkvnf; zwfcGifh&\/xdkpmtkyfonf Ak'bmom0if (rddk;zvm Ak'bmom)wdkif; txl;zwfoifaom tzd;k rjzwfEiaom pmtkyf h kd f

jzpfonf/ xdkpmtkyf\ w&m;pOf trSwf(1)wGif Ak'bmom\ t"dyg,fudk odkY&Sif;vif;pGm zGifhqdkxm;onf/ ]]Ak'}}qdkwmu opm 4 yg;jrwfw&m; ud k tvd k v d k ud k , f a wmf w d k i f o d a wmf r l a om ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;}}vdkYqdkygw,f/ ]]bmom}}uawmh ]]t,l0g'}} ]]ajymqdk aompum;}}vdkYqdkygw,f/ xdkpum;ESpfvHk;udk aygif;vdkufawmh?opm 4 yg;w&m;udk tvdkvdk udk,fawmfwdkifodawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;\ ]]t,l0g'}}(0g)]]ajyma[mawmfrwpum;}}vdqvkd l hJ Yk kd ygw,f/ xdb&m;\t,l0g'awmfukd ,HMk unf? k k vdkufemMuwJh yk*dKvfawGudk ]]Ak'0g'D}}vdkY teuf zGixm;ygw,f/xd&i;f vif;csuukd Munfjh cif;jzifh hf k S f uRef a wmf w d k Y o nf Ak ' b k & m;ud k wu,f MunfnKd Mu&JUvm;?,HMk unfMu&JUvm;?bk&m;&JUw&m; awmfq;kH rpum;awGua&m vduemMuyg&JUvm;/ kd k f uReawmfh taeESihf bd;k bd;k Bu;D OD;pH&ef f dS \ pmtkyfxJrS Ak'0g'D 4 rsdK;udk aumufEkwf azmfjyvdkygonf/ (1) oli,fwef; Ak'0g'D(rd;kd zvm Ak'0g'D) (2) rlvwef;Ak'0g'D (3) tv,fwef;Ak'0g'D

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

18

"r0D&onf rsKd;quftwGuf jzpfonf/ raysmufysuatmif tm;xkwBf uKd ;pm;o&Zsm,f f Muonf/ xd k E d k i f i H yl 0 uyd | d t rnf & S d a om &GmBuD;wpf&Gm &Sdonf/ &Gmol&Gmom;wdkYonf omoemawmfudkouf0if ,HkMunfMuNyD; tvSL a&puf v uf E S i f h r uG m oH C mawmf r sm;ud k axmufyHhvSL'gef;cJhMuonf/ ,cktiwfab;BuD;qdkufa&mufcsdef &Gmol&Gmom;wdkYvnf; vSL'gef;a&;xuf 0rf;a&; yif cufvmMuonf/ rdrdtoufudkyif &SmMuH arG;ae& oHCmawmfrsm;tm; rvSL'gef;EdkifMu awmhay/ rdrdwdkYtouf&Sif Edkifa&;twGuf tenf ; i,f r Qaom qef u d k t0wf j zif h x k y f a&aEG;pdrfBudwfNyD; aeylvSef;tajcmufcHMu &onf/ xdkxrif;ajcmufrsm; tcdk;rcH&atmif td;k jzifxnfNh y;D ajrjrK yxm;Mu&onf/ touf h f &SifHka&jzifh azsmfaomufum toufqufMu &onf/ xd k t csd e f &[ef ; awmf w pf y g;onf oydwfydkuf&Gmdk;wpfavQmuf qGrf;cH<uawmf rl o nf / &G m qH k ; aomf v nf ; qG r f ; r&ojzif h oydwfydkufjyef<uawmfrlavonf/xdktjcif; t&mudktdrfwpftdrfrS rdom;pkujrif pdwf raumif;jzpfMu&onf/ xdkpOf zcifu tdrfom; wdkYudk olwdkYxHwGif&Sdaom qefwpfpv,fcsuf t&Sijf rwftm;vSL&ef oifroifaqG;aEG;ar;jref; h h avonf/ ]]uRefawmfwdkYrSm a&S;u'geenf;cJhvdkY qif;&Jusywnf;vSwhJ tiwfab;Bu;D eJY BuKH &wm f yJ/ toufraobJuseaewmu 'Dqefuav;&Sd f aevdkYyJ? 'Dqefav;udk rSDNyD;touf&Sifae&wm uvJ qif;&JcHae&ovdkygyJ? 'Dqif;&JBuD;udk rcHvdk? rjrifvdk rMum;vdkawmhyg? 'gaMumifh 'DqefudkcsufNyD; t&Sifjrwfudk vSLNyD;ao&wmu aumif;ygw,f}}vdYk om;Bu;D u tBujH yK aqG;aEG; w,f / om;BuD ; \tBuH u d k rd o m;pk r sm;u oabmwlMuw,f/ 'gaMumifh &[ef;awmfudk tjrefvuyifMh uNy;D qGr;f udk tvsitjrefcsuf kd f f um rax&fjrwfudk avmif;vSLvdkufMuonf/ avmif;vSLNyD;xdktvSLtwGuf rdom;pktm;vHk; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omNyD; MunfEl;aeMuw,f/ &[ef;awmfjyef<uoGm; xrif;td;k udk aq;aMum&ef,lvdkufaomtcg oav;xrif; rsm; pHy,fzl;rsm;yrm tdk;vHk;jynfhvQHaewmudk tH h M opG m awG U &w,f / rd c if o nf td k ; ud k r tm;&0rf ; omatmf [ pf a jym qd k , l v mNyD ; rdom;pkudk jyw,f/ rdom;wpfpkvHk;twdkif;rod tHhMoNyD;0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;omjzpfMuavw,f/ ]]oHCmawmft&Siojl rwftm; ,ckvkd f 'kAutcgrsKd ;rSm vSL&aom'ge[mtvGetusK;d d f Bu;D rm;aMumif;csucsi;f od&wmyJa[h}}vdUk om;Bu;D u f ajymqkdNyD; 'kAduumv'getusKd;udk oabm aygufMuNyD; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om pm;aomufMu avw,f/ xrif;tdk;vJ cyf,lwdkif;avsmhonf r&Sd? jynfhNrJ jynfhaeonfhtwGuf tdrfeD;em;csif; rsm;tjyif wpf&GmvHk;udkxdkaeYtzdkY t0ay;vSL EkdifMuw,f/ xdkrdom;pkum; umv'geaMumifh ay; rukefvSLrcef;Edkifaom]]pmo, xrif;tdk;wpfvHk;}}udk ydkifqdkif&&SdoGm;avw,f/ txufygom"uudkqifjcifjcif;jzifh aumif;aomtrIudkjyKjcif;aMumihf w'*FtwGif; aumif;usKd;pHpm;&yHkrSm xif&Sm;vSayonf/ raumif;rIjyKojzifh raumif;usK;d cHpm; &yHom"urSm uReawmfu,wiyifjzpfygonf/ k f kd f kd f 2002 ckESpf uRefawmftouf 22 ESpfujzpf ygonf/ uReawmfwaeaom Ncab;ywfvnf f Ykd H 2 ayausmfeufaom a&ajrmif;rsm;&Sdygonf/ xdka&;ajrmif;rsm;onf rdk;wGif;a&vQHwwfyg onf/ rk;d wGi;f wpfaeYwif rd;k &GmNy;D rd;k pJaomt G csewif uReawmfwtrwif ulazmfavmifzuf d f G f Ykd d f G tjzpfEiaeaom aumifav;onf tyfcsnBf uKd ; S hf ESifh ig;rQm;csdwfudk,l NcHab;ajrmif; ig;rQm; av wmhonf/ xdtcse uReawmfh taronf k d f f tjyif o d k Y oG m ;aecsd e f j zpf o nf / taru uRefawmfwdkY nDtpfudktm;vHk;udk i,fpOfuyif olrsm;toufudk rowf& i&JBuD;onf[k ajym xm;ojzifh ig;rQm;csifpdwfudkNrdKodyfcJh&onf/ onf a eY a wmh tcG i f h a umif ; &NyD [ k a wG ; xdkaumifav;xHrS ig;rQm;csdwfwpfpHkawmif;um olEitwl ig;rQm;ygavawmhonf/ aumifav; S hf u ig;rQm;csdwfcsonfESifh ig;[yfygawmhonf/ ]]a&mhwpfaumif}} ]]a&mhwpfaumif}}ESifh q,f aumif y if r uawmh ? uRef a wmf h i g;rQm;csd w f rSmig;rajymESifh trIdufwpfrIHawmifygrvm/ xdaMumifh uav;udq&mwifum ig;rQm;enf;udk Yk k oif,lavonf/ aumifav;\ ydkYcsrI twdkif; rQm;&m ig;wpfaumifprdygawmhonf/ uReawmf f uawmh ig;&0rf ; yef ; womjzpf a eonf / ig;av;rSmawmh wzswzswEiv;l vGeaeonf/ f f S hf Yf okdYaomf uRefawmfonf ig;udkowfzdkY r&nf&G,f yg/ i,fpOf uwnf;u ig;rQm; csifomtcGifh ta&;&wkef; rQm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh ig;uav;tmacgif w G i f ; rS csd w f u d k jzKwf jyefvTwfvdkufonf/ rdvdkuf vTwfvdkufESihf rSwrw&& pkpaygif;(7)aumif zrf;rdvuonf/ f S f k kd f

wwf t m;orQ yG m ;rsm;tm;xk w f y gw,f / tJ ' D v d k t m;xk w f jcif ; tm;jzif h emrf ? kyfESpfyg;cGJjcm;odwJh ]]emrly y&dap'OmPf}}? xdkOmPfkyfwdkY\ jzpfay:yHk taMumif;&if;odwJh yp, y&d*[OmPf}} ESpfyg;udk &&Sdygw,f/ xd k O mPf E S p f y g;ES i f h j ynf h p H k w J h o l t m; 0do'r*ft|uwmq&mBu;D u ]]tyg,frvm;bJ k d oufom&m&ayNyD/axmuf&m?wnf&m&ayNyD/ vm;&m*wd v nf ; NrJ N yD / pl V aomwyef ( 0g) aomwmyef ti,f p m;jzpf N yD v d k Y axmuf c H tm;ay;jyqdkcJhygw,f/ xdtcsuuaxmuf uReawmfwYkd k f kd I f onf tenf;qHk; tv,fwef; Ak'0g'DjzpfzdkY&ef txl ; vd k t yf v S y gw,f / tv,f w ef ; Ak ' 0g'Djzpf&ef yxrqHk;]]uruwm orm'd|d}} (uHEiu\tusKd ;ud,jkH cif;)udk tajccHtwjf rpf S hf H k k cs&ygrnf/ uRefawmfwdkYtwdwfb0 tquf quf u jyKorQ uk o d k v f ? tuk o d k v f u H E S i f h ,ckypKyefjyKvkyfaeaom ukodkvf?tukodkvf uHEpyg;udk vufc&ygr,f/ aumif;wmvkyorQ S f H f aumif;usdK; cHpm;&r,ff/ raumif;wmvkyfygu raumif ; usd K ;ud k cH p m;&rS m jzpf w ,f / ,ck b0jzpfysufaeaomqif;&Jcsrf;om [lorQ onf twd w f b 0tquf q uf r S uH a <u; ay;qyf c H p m; pH p m;ae&jcif ; omjzpf o nf / od k Y a omf ,ck y p K y e f b 0ud k v nf ; vspf v sL Ir&ay/twdwfb0tquf qufrSjyKcJhaom aumif;rIuovrsm;udk ydrBkd u;D xGm;rsm;jym;ap&ef k kd f k twGuf aumif;rIrsm;udk qxufxrf;yd;k jyKvyMf u k &rS m jzpf N yD ; tuk o d k v f u sd K ;rsm; yg;oG m ;NyD ; avQmh e nf ; ap&ef raumif ; rI u d k a &S m if & rS m jzpfowf/ ,ck b 0 yp K y e f jyKvk y f a om aumif;rI ukodkvfESifhraumif;rItukodkvfrsm; aemufb0 ra&mufcif ,ckb0 w'*FtwGif; tusdK;cHpm;&aomom"uwpfckrSm ]]pmo, xrif;tdk;&Sif rdom;pk}}taMumif;jzpfw,f/ oD&dvuFmEdkifiH 0*grPdrif;vuf xufwGif wdkif;jynf jA[Pwd OD;pD;aom olyewYkd ykeuef wdi;f jynfysuaom tcsejf zpf k f f k f d onf/ ppfab;aMumifh wpfEdkifiHvHk;(12)ESpf ywfvHk; rdk;acgifa&&Sm;NyD; qefa&pyg; &Sm;yg; oGm;onf/ jynfolrsm;onf opfOopfzkrsm; udkom &SmazG pm;aomufMu&onf/ oHCm awmfrsm;onf ppfab;ppf'PfESifh tpma&pm &Sm;yg;rIaMumifh EdkifiH&yfjcm;odkY <uoGm;Muonf/ tcsdKUr<uEdkifaom oHCmrax&fBuD;rsm;onf oJwdkAdkufatmufwGif xm;yd#uwfawmfrsm;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ tukefvHk;jyefvTwfay; vdkufonf/ onfvdkESihf aumifav;zrf;rdaom ig;uav; tm;vHk;udk vnf; vTwfcdkif;vdkufonf/ ig;rQm;Ny;D (2)em&Dcefwif uReawmf Y G f wdkYa&tdk;pif&Sd&modkYoGm; a&wpfcGuf aomuf vdkufonf/ uRefawmhftmacgifxJrS tvGef emMuifojzihf a&udkyif renf;rsKdcs&ygawmh onf/ tpm0ifEkdif&ef BudwfrSdwfNyD; 'kucHum pm;ae&onf / uRef a wmf r S w f r d oavmuf (7)&ufcefY 'kucHcJh&onf/ xdkYaemuf wGifrl uRef a wmf o nf ig;rQm;zd k Y aeaeomom pdwful;xJwGifawmif rxnfh&Jawmhyg/ taMumif;t&mrSm uRefawmfudk,fyif w'*F twGif;cHpm;cJh&aom raumif;usKd;yifjzpfonf/ uRefawmfESihf ywfouf udk,fwdkifraumif;rI xkyf 'kucH&rIrsm;udk ajymvQifrenf;ay/ uReawmf raumif;rI vkyvQif csucsi;f yif'ucH f f f k &wwfonf/ xdkYaMumihf tukodkvfvkyf&yfrSef orQudk twwfEdkifqHk; a&Smif&Sm;NyD; bk&m;&Sif\ qHk;rpum;udk tav;xm; apmihfxdef;ygawmh onf/ odkYaom uRefawmfhjzpf&yfuav; udk oifcef;pm,l raumif;rIukd a&Smif aumif; rI aqmifNyD; ]uHESihf uH\tusKd;udk ,HkMunfjcif;} [laom ]uruwmorm'd|d tkwjf rpfBu;D udk ydkifydkifEkdifEkdif csEkdifMuap&ef &nfoef aqmif;yg;udk av;av;eufeufa&;om;&yg onf/ aumif ; usKd ; vd k t if q E r sm;pG m jzih f armif j ynh f usrf ; ud k ; OD ; pH & S d e f ( 'd | d j yKwf y H k t vk y f w &m;) wu o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( w'*F a umif ; usKd ; )

19

yefcsifol ndKEGJUaESmif;&,f acgif;zD;cJhav;

ppfudkif;0if;a&T
&Si;f ygOD;rnf/ avmuwGif uyfurm awG trsdK;rsdK;ay:aygufcJhygonf/ xdkuyfurm wdkY trsdK;rsdK; ay:aygufcJhavwkdif; ow0gteE wdkYtm; u,f cRwfawmfrlaom bk&m;&SifwdkY tqlql yGihfxGef;awmfrlcJhMuygonf/ avmu bk&m;&SiwYkd yGixe;f awmf f fh G rlaom uyfurmig;rsdK;jzpfxGef;ay:aygufcJh aMumif; yd#uwfawmfvm usr;f *efrsm;t& od&dS rSwfom;&ygonf/ bk&m;&SifwpfqlESihfwpfql tMum; ESpfaygif;ra&rwGufEdkifatmif Mumjrihf onf[k rSwfom;cJh&ygonf/ yd#uwfawmfvmt& bk&m;wpfql yG i f h a omur m ud k om&ur m [k a c:onf / avmuwG i f om&ur m av;Bud r f B uH K NyD ; y'krkw&? od'w? 0dyD? aum@n bk&m; &S i f a v;ql w d k Y yG i f a wmf r l c J h M uonf / bk&m;ESpfqlyGihfaomurmudk r@ ur m [k ac:qd k y gonf / avmu wG i f r@urm oHk;BudrfBuHKNyD; okar"? okZmw? wd? zk? odcD? a0bl- tp&Sdaom bk & m;&S i f w d k Y yG i h f a wmf r l c J h M uonf / bk & m;oH k ; ql y G i h f a omur m ud k 0&urm[k ac:qdkygonf/ avmu wGif 0&ur m ES p f B ud r f B uH K cJ h o nf / 0&ur m wG i f yD , 'D ? tw ' D ? "r ' D ? taem r'D ? y'k r ? em&' paombk & m;&S i f w d k Y yG i f h a wmf r l c J h M uonf / bk & m;av;ql y G i f h a om ur m ud k o m&r@urm[kac:qdkygonf/ avmu wGif o&r@urm ESpfBudrf BuHKcJhygonf/ om&r@urmwGif wPSuF&m? ar"uF&m? o&PuF&m? 'Dy*F&m? r*Fv? okre? a&w0? aombdwpaom bk&m;&SifwdkY yGifhawmfrlcJh Muonf / bk & m;ig;ql y G i f h a omur m ud k b' urm[k ac:qdkygonf/ urm avmu b ' u r m onf wpf B ud r f w nf ; om BuH K yg onf/ b'urmwGif uukoE? aumPm *re? uy? a*gwrpaom bk & m;&S i f av;ql y G ihfawmfrlcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ aemufqHk; (pmrsuf E S m 23 ok d Y )

]]py,fwJh av;Hk../ rrav; ryefxkduf yef;jywfcdkufBuHK../ tyGihf&,fukef wpfHk usefygao;.../ yefcsifol ndKEGJUaESmif;&,f acgif;zD;cJhav;.../ / aqmif;yg;udk txufyg uAsmav; jzihf ed'gef;csDvkduf&ygonf/ uAsmwpfydkif; wpESiyif tqH;k owf&ygvdrrnf/ uAsmav; fh hf onf pmqd&irnfo[k rodc&yg/ a&S;a&;av; k S f l hJ qpfojzefuAsmav;jzpfonfudkawmh qnf;yl; rSwfom;cJh&ygonf/ ,if;uAsmav;onf tpyft[wf um&eftcswtquf xdrvyg\/ &Gwqvnf; d f d S f kd tmawGUvSyg\/ d;k vnf;d;k \/ d;k onhtxJwif f G ,Of\/ ,OfonhtxJwif av;eufrawG jynhf f G I odyfae\/ t"dym,fu &Sif;ygonf/ ]]py,fHk av;H&onf/ rrav;onf py,fyef;uav;rsm; k dS udk yefcsifvSaomfvnf; tyGifhukefcdkufESifh BuHK& ojzihf ryef&bJ vGc&ygonf/ yGi&ef wpfiawmh J hJ hf kH usefygao;onf/ rrav; yefqifvdkygvQif acgif;zD;cJhyg}} [ljzpfonf/ uAsmav;\t"dym,frSm rQom jzpfonf/ ausmif;om;b0u xdkrQomem;vnf cJhygonf/ ,ckawmh xdkuAsmav;\ 0Sufxm; aom t"dym,fudkvnf;aumif;? jrKyfaeaom edrwyuvnf;aumif;? Munhwwfjrifwwfvm d f kH kd f ygNyD? cHpm;wwfvmygNyD.../

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

20

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u

v,fwDq&ma

The Ledi Dhamm by MAHA THERA L (v,fwDedAmefusrf;)

v,fwDedAmefw

k a&;om;jyKpa

edAmef[onf avmuDtmHwxuf vGejf rwfaom avmukw&m w&m;/ cEmrSvwaom cE0rww&m;/ ,kwnaom &m*? a'go? arm[ uda l k Ykd G f d k f f Hh jzpfysufrpJ woJoJaom edrdwftaygif; csKyfNidrf;ukefqHk;&mw&m;/ qif;&J'kutaygif;wdkYrS uif;Nidrf;vGwfajrmuf aomw&m;/ yk*dKvf ow0g ponf t xdkw&m;jrwfonf ykxkZOfwdkY\ PfESifhrSef;qr&? cufcJ eufeJaomw&m;/ *rD&Pf? Z0ePf? [moPf? wduPf? wdu yn xdkrQeufeJcufcJaom w&m;xl;w&m;jrwfudk usrf;jyKtausmf urmausmf r[max&fausmf v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; zGifhqdk&Sif;jy awmfrlcJhonfh ]]v ESpfbmomedAmefusrf;wdkYudk "r0D& "rrdwfaqG olawmfpifrsm; avhvmyGm;rsm;awmfrlEdkifMuap&ef rl&if;twkdif; azmfjyvdkufygonf/ ajr a& rD ; av- [l a om "mwf B uD ; av;yg;wd k Y \ tcsif ; csif ; rS D w G , f M uyH k ? wpf y g;ysuf v Qif tuk e f v H k ; ysuf M uyH k u d k jyqd k v d k u f O D ; tH h cufrmrI zGJUpnf;rI aygif;aEG;rI t&Sdeft[kefrI av;ckaom tjcif;t&mtrlt&m Bu,mBu;D wdonf oabmvuPmtm;jzihf toD; d Yk toD;xif&Sm;Muukef\/ wnf&mXmetm;jzifh cufrmrIudk r wnfjyK wpfckwnf;uJhodkY wnfMuukef\/ jzpftwl ysuftwl wnftwlwdkYom wnf;/ cufrmrI[laom ajr"mwfysufqHk;vQif wnf&mr&Sdonfjzpf <uif;aom "mwfoHk;yg;vnf; ysufqHk;&awmhonf/ xdkYtwl zGJUpnf;rI[l aom a&"mwfysuq;kH vQivnf; tzGUJ tpnf;ysuojzihf wpfyg;ESiwpfyg; f f f fh axmufyHhrIuif;Mu tukefvHk;ysufqHk;Muawmhonf/ aygif;aEG; xufoefatmif jyKrI[laom rD;"mwfysufqHk;vQifvnf; <uif;aom "mwfo;kH yg;wdonf rdrwoabmtwki;f jynhppmrwnfEiMf u tukef Yk d Ykd d f kH G kd vHk; ysufqHk;Muawmhonf/ MuHhcdkifawmifhwif;rI[laom av"mwfysufqHk; vQivnf; <uif;aom"mwfwonf tm;jywf ysuq;kH Muukeawmhonf/ f Ykd f f rD;[laomylrI at;rIonf vHIUaqmfrIwvlvlaqmif&Gufjcif;[laom av"mwfESihfwGJ&rS jzpfEdkifonf/ av"mwfr&SdvQif tm;jywfcPcsif; uG,fqHk;av\/ xdkYtwl cufrmrI[laom ajr"mwfonfvnf; cufrmjcif; Bud,mudk BuHh,Hhwif;&if;atmif csD;yifhaom av"mwfr&SdvQif tm;jywf uG,fqHk;av\/ zGJUpnf;jcif;[laom a&"mwfonfvnf; zGJUwG,fjcif; Bud,mudk BuHh,Hhwif;&if;atmif csD;yihfaomav"mwfr&SdvQif tm;jywf uG,fqHk;av\/ um; tjcif;t&mBuD;av;yg;wdkY\ tcsif;csif; rSDwG,f MuyH?k wpfyg;ysuvQif tukev;kH ysuMf uyHukd jyqdvuaom tcsuwnf;/ f f k k dk f f
How the four primary elements of earth, water, fire and air are interdependent on each other and should one be destroyed all the rest would follow suit The four main activities of firmness, cohesion, heat and momentum, each have their own distinctive character. By location, they dwell where the element of firmness provides a base where they all come into existence, endure and then pass into oblivion simultaneously. When the element of earth or firmness no longer exists, the three remaining elements also perish. Similarly, when cohesion, the element of water, is lost, the trait of supporting others and being in turn supported by them is lost so that disorganization follows leading to the destruction of all. In the same way, when the element of fire that provides heat and energises is taken away the remaining three elements have no way of fulfilling themselves so that all perish. When the element of air that maintains the sturdiness of all elements is destroyed the remaining three also become enervated and can exist no more. In the same way, when the earth element that lends firmness to the organisation be deprived of the air element that makes it full and taut, it can no longer continue on its own. Similarly, when the element of air no longer augments the cohesive nature of the water element with its supportive tension and tautness everything will fall apart. This describes how the four primary elements are dependent on each other and when one is destroyed the rest follow suit. When one's intellectual capacity of perceive the real nature of the four primary elements well enough, it can be considered that the way to the first great nibbana has been paved. Of the four primary elements, the tejo element plays the key role as

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

"r0D&onf ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;twGuf jzpfonf/

21

awmfbk&m;BuD;

usrf;jyKtausmf urmausmf

w&m;awmfrsm;
(Ledi Nibban)

l awmfraom

ma on Nibba na y EDI SAYADAW

avomtaygif;wdYk csKyq;kH ukeaysmuf&mw&m;/ oEd yuwd Niroufat;Nir;f aomw&m;/ okc ylyefaMumifMh uawmifwrIuif; vGepmcsr;f omaomw&m;/ f f d f d h f G twwdkYrS uif;qdwf&mw&m;/ nm? 0dyemPfynmwdkYjzihf ydkif;jcm;pdwfjzmavhvmwwfrS jrifEdkif odEdkifaom t&d,mwdkY\ 'ePfjrifjzifhom odjrifEdkifaomw&m; jzpf\/ ,fwDedAmefw&m;awmfrsm;}} udk &efukefNrdKU em*vdkPf*l uav;0q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\aus;Zl;jzihf rdcif{&m0wDwdkufrS xkwfa0 cJhaom jrefrm-t*Fvdyf ("r0D&) "mwfBu;D av;yg;udk oabmydiEipm Pftjrifaygufa&muf k f kd f G ygvQif yxrr[medAmefodkY vG,fulpGmqdkufa&mufEdkifMuukefvwHU/ xdk "mwfBuD;av;yg;wdkY tcsKyftjcm OD;pD;OD;udkifum; awaZmaywnf;/ pMu0Vm urmajr a&ESihfwuG kyfoPmefESihfpyfaom ouf&SdoufrJh tvHk;pHkonf awaZm\ tpD;tyGm;csnf;wnf;/ "mwfrD;\ tpD;tyGm; csnf;wnf;/ awaZm[laom "mwfrD;\ 'dyg'fwefcdk; tusdK;oGm;udk bk&m; oAnKwdkY\ Pfawmfonfom rSDEdkif&mownf;/ "mwf Pf a yguf a tmif I e nf ; NyD ; \/
the leader of the group. The whole cosmos including the earth planet made up of land and water masses and all animate and inanimate entities are its product. The full extent of potencies and the resultants of tejo, the fire element, can only be known by the Lord Buddha himself. This concludes the mode of developing intellectual perception to gain an insight into the (primary)elements. Exposition of how six kinds of clear and transparent agencies fill the human anatomy The group of words that have the meaning of clearness and transparency are as follows: pasado= transparency; mando=transparency; .. accho=transparency; crystal. From mando, the Myanmar word for glass, 'man', was .. derived. This later to be known as 'mhan'. There are two types; utuja dhatu mhan, and kammaja dhatu mhan. The shops producing glass in the 'mhan dan' (crystal street) of Mandalay and Yangon in the form of spectacles, telescopes, glass tubes etc. belong to the group utujadhatu-mhan. The optical capabilities in the inner sanctum of the stream of consciousness inside the human body beling to the group, kammaja dhatu mhan. Kammaja dhatu mhan The kammaja dhatu mhan(agent of transparency born of kamma actions) is of the following six aspects:cakkhusota-

ajcmuf r sd K ;aom "mwf M unf " mwf v if ; ? rSefMunfrSefvif;? udk,fwGif;tjynhf jc,fvS,fyHk jyqdkcsuf
yoma'g= tMunf? ra@m= tMunf? tapm= tMunf/ (tMunfa[mo'gpk) xdko'gwdkYwGif r@o'g\ emrowfteufudk,l zefref[l aom pum; ref[lqdkonf/ xdkrefudkyif ,ckumv rSef[lqdkMu onf/ xdkrSefonfOwkZ"mwfre?f S urZ"mwfrSef- [l ESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/ &efukefNrdKU- rEav;NrdKUwdkY rSefwef;rSm vkyftyfaom rSefpk? rsufrSef- rSefajymif;? rSefpkonf OwkZ"mwfrSefpkaywnf;/ ow0gwdkY\ tZwoEmeftwGif; jzpfaomrSefpkonf urZ "mwfrSefpkaywnf;/ ur Z "mwf r S e f xdurZ"mwfreonfk S f puKac:aom "mwfrSef aomwac:aom "mwfrSef

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

22

"r0D&onf oEdokcodkY a&S;Ionf/

ghanajivha-ya,and ka mano. The cakkhu dhatu crystal is located the eye. The sota -tu crystal is located inside the ear. The ghana dhatu crystal is dha -dhatu crystal is located inside located inside the nose. The jivha the tongue. The kaya dhatu crystal's location is all over the body. The mano dhatu crystal is located in the heart. To a yogi contemplating on the aspect of the six dhatu crystals, his body assumes the form of a pellucid glass column or a column of crystal. (in the Sangraha dvarasangaha, these six dhatu crystals are des-ra or 'openings') ignated dva Dvara, oepnings or doors, are of two kinds-kasadvara, and a manda dvara. In the homes of those who have accumulated merit, there are two kinds of doors or openings. There sre doors for people to get into the house or to go out. There are also vents for air to circulate in and out of the house. Then there are windows. openings in the walls closed by glass panels, that are 'doors of transparency', or 'doors of light'. The purpose of the glass-panelled 'doors of transparency 'or 'doors of light' are to let all the images far and near, such as the sun, the moon, planets, asterisms, cumulus clouds, nimbus clouds, the sky, the terrain, bodies of water, forests, mountains, tree, houses, monasteries, stupas etc. be seen in their true appearances on the glass panel. All those living inside the house can see all of the images that appear on the panels of glass while those from the outside can look into the house and see all that are therein, Sunlight, moonlight and firelight are the associates of these glass doors. Visualize this aspect in the bodies of men and the celestial gods and the bodies of cows, water buffaloes, elephants, horses as well. Like a house that has both kinds of doors, the bodies of men and gods, and for that matter the bodies of cows, water buffaloes, elephants, horses, chicken, birds, all haye both kinds of door, akasa dvara as well as manda dvara.

Cmeac:aom "mwfrSef Zd0Smac:aom "mwfrSef um,ac:aom "mwfrSef raemac:aom "mwfrSef[l ajcmufrsdK;tjym;&Sd\/ puK"mwfreonf rsuv;kH tdrtwGi;f wnf\/ aomw"mwf S f f f rSefonf em;wGif; wnf\/ Cme"mwfrSefonf ESmacgif;wGif;wnf\/ Zd0m"mwfreonf vQmtjyifwnf\/ um,"mwfreonf wpfu,v;kH S S f S f kd f tjynfhtESHYwnf\/ raem"mwfrSefonf ESvHk;tdrfwnf\/ tMunf "mwf 6-rsdK;udk I xifjrifaom a,m*Dyk*dKvftm; cEmudk,fBuD;onf tvGefMunfvSpGmaom zefwHk;zefwkdifBuD; rSefwHk;rSefwdkifBuD;ESifh tvGef wlvS\/ (tMunf"mwf 6-rsdK;udkyif oN*K[f'Gm& o*F[ 'Gm&[kac: onf/) 'Gm&qdkonfum;tmumo'Gm& r@'Gm&- [l ESpfrsdK;tjym;&Sd\/ bkef;&SdaomolwdkY\ tdrf wHcg;ESpfrsdK;&Sd\/ tdrfwGif; tdrfjyif xGuf0if&eftaygufwHcg;? av0if&ef jyLwif;aygufwHcg;[l tayguf wHcg;wpfrsdK;? taygufum;r&Sd? rSefcsyfwyfxm;aom tMunfwHcg;? tvif;wHcg;wpfrsdK;? xdk 2- rsKd ;wdwif rSecsywyfxm;aom tMunfwcg;? tvif; Yk G f f H wHcg;\udprlum; xdkrSefcsyfrsufESmpm ta0;teD;wGif &Sd&SdorQaom ae v euwf wm&m wdrfwdkuf wdrfawmif aumif;uif ajrjyif a&jyif awm awmif opfyif tdrf&m ausmif;uefbk&m; apwD tp&Sdaom taqmuftODwdkYonf rdrdwdkYoPmeftwkdif; rSefcsyftjyifrSm xifvm& ukef\/ tdrfwGif; aeMuukefaom tdrfoltdrfom;wdkYonf tdrfwGif; aevsufyif xdkrSefcsyfrSm xifvmorQaom ae0ef; oPmef v0ef; oPmef aea&mif va&mif tp&Sdaom tvHk;pHkwdkYudk tukeftpif jrif& ukef\/ tdrfjyifuae xdkrSefwHcg;jzihf tdrfwGif;odkY MunhfjyefvQifvnf; tdrfwGif;&Sd&SdorQ tukefjrif&\/ xdkrSefwHcg;rSm aea&mif va&mif rD; a&mifwdkYonf rSef\tazmfo[JwdkYaywnf;/ vl ewfcEm? EGm; uRJ qif jrif;cEmwdkYrSmvnf; xdkenf;wl jrifatmifI/ xdkwHcg;ESpfrsdK;tjynfh&Sdaom tdrfBuD;ESihftvm;wl wpfckck aom vlYcEm ewfcEm? EGm; uRJ qif jrif; Muuf iSuf paom cEmpk rSmvnf; tmumowHcg;wpfrsdK;? r@rSefwHcg; wpfrsdK;[l ESpfrsdK;pD&SdMu \/ tmumowH c g; tmumowHcg;qdkonfum;- cHwGif;ayguf vnfacsmif;ayguf ESm&nfxGufaom ESmacgif;ayguf rsuf&nfxGufaom rsufpdayguf tp &Sdaom 'Gg&udk;ayguf[l qdktyfaom taygufpk? udk;aomif;udk;axmif aom arG;nif;aygufpkonf tmumowHcg; rsdK;pkwnf;/ qdkcJhNyD;aompuKtMunf aomwtMunf CmetMunf Zd0SmtMunf um,tMunf

- The akasa dvara

The nine openings in the body, mouth, throat, nose, eye etc and the ninety- nine thousand follicle openings consti- tute akasa dvara. The aforesaidcakkhu or sight receptor, the eye, sota or hearing receptor, the ear, ghana or smell receptor, the nose, jivha or taste receptor, the tongue -ya or tactile receptor, the body ka mano or sensory receptor of consciousness that constitute the ajjhatta-kammaja dhatu crystals are not in the cat- egory of akasa doors but represent the glass-panelled openings. The example of a crystal palace Imagine a palace with flooring of glass tiles. walled in and roofed over with glass panels. It is also provided with a clear crystal globe at its center. The images of all the cirrus and cumulus clouds above it in the sky, the sun, the moon, stars and planets in the firmament and at a lower level birds flying around are reflected in the crystal globe inside as well as on the glass tiles of

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

"r0D&onf Ak'\ax&0g' "rw&m;tppfxGef;um;&ef jzpfonf/ raemtMunf-wnf;[laom tZwurZ "mwfrSefrsdK;wdkYonf um; tmumowHcg;aygufr[kw/ rSecsyawGEitvm;wlaom rSeayguf f f f S fh f tMunfayguf tvif;aygufwdkYaywnf;/ eef ; td r f Oyrm urZ"mwfrSef ajcmufrsdK;wdkY\udp/ / urZ"mwfref ajcmufrsKd ;wd\ udprum;- trd;k tum avom S Yk l jyLwif;tvH;k pHk zefretwdNy;D aom eef;tdrBf u;D onf&\/ tv,f twkr&Sd S f dS tvGeMf unfaom zefv;kH rSev;kH wpfcvnf;&S\/ xdeef;tdrBf u;D rSm txuf f k d k aumif;uifwpfciv;kH &Saeukeaom wdrwuwrvm ae v euwf G f d f f dk f d f T wm&mtaygif;wdonfvnf;aumif;? aumif;uifysom;aom iSuwonf Yk H G f Ykd vnf;aumif; txuftrd;k &Sd rSecsywr0if tdrwi;f &Sd rSev;kH rSm tukef f f Ykd S f G f ay:Muuke\/ txuftrd;k rSecsyprm ae0ef; v0ef;wpfcp?D tdrwi;f &Sd f f f k S k f G rSefvHk;rSm ae0ef;wpfck v0ef;wpfckay:\/ xdkYtwl txufaumif;uif &SorQaom 0wKwonf trd;k rSecsywvnf;aumif;? tdrwi;f rSev;kH d Ykd f f Ykd f G f vnf;aumif; wpfNydKifeufwpfcsufwnf; ay:Muukef\/ xdkYtwl ta&SUt&yf &SdorQaom 0wKwdkYonf ta&SU eH&H jyLwif;rSecsywvnf;aumif;? tdrwi;f &Sd rSev;kH vnf;aumif; wpfNyKd if f f Ykd f G f (pmrsuf E S m 19 rS ) jzpf a om t&d a raw , sbk & m;&S i f w pf q l omyG i h f a wmf r l & ef usef a wmh o nf / odkYuyfurmwkdif; yGihfawmfrlMu ukefaom bk&m;&SifwdkYonf ra&rwGufEdkif uk e f a om ow 0 gteE w d k Y t m; a`E t Ek t&if h u d k vd k u f vnf ; aumif ; ? yg&rD t Ek t&ifhudk qifjcifvnf;aumif; w&m;a&at; tNrdKufaq;udk wdkufauR;um uRwfwrf;0ifap awmfrlMuonf/ urmig;ck yGifhawmfrlMu aom ESpfusdyf&Spfqlukefaom bk&m;&SifwdkYonf rQrsm;jym;vS pGmaom ow0gteEwdkYtm; w&m;a&at; tNrdKufaq;udk wdkufauR;cJh aomfjim;? xdrQrsm;jym;vSaom ow0g a0ae,s k wdkYtxJwGif rdrdwdkY ryg0if cJhMuygacs/ uukoef? aumP*H?k uy paom bk&m;&SifwdkYudk rqdkxm;ESifh pwkwajrmufjzpf aom a*gwrjrwfpmbk&m;udyif ud,wiu,f G k k f kd f kd us zl;awGUcGifhr&cJhMuygacs/ tqHk;pGefqdk&aomf rdrwtm;vH;k onf tqlqaom bk&m;&SiwEifh d Ykd l f Ykd S vGJacsmfcJh&ygonf/ aqmif ; yg;tpwG i f azmf j ycJ h a om uAsmav;twki;f py,fyef; vSvyy? jzLjzLoefY d S oefY? arT;arT;ysHUysHUuav;udk yefqifcsifvSaom rrav;wpfa,muf tyGiuecuEihf BuKH BuKd uf hf k f kd f S & ryefxdkufbJ vGJacsmfcJh&ouJhodkY jzpfygacs awmhonf/ rd r d w d k Y o nf usif v nf c J h & aom b0wdkif; txHkyg&rDenf;yg;rI? 'ge? oDv? bm0em? typm,e? a0,sm0p ? yw d ' ge?

23

the roof, simultaneously. Similarly, all the objects east of the palace appear in the crystal globes as well as on the glass panels forming the eastern wall of the palace at the same time. Likewise, this scene is repeated on the other remaining sides of the palace north, west, south and below, with objects in a particular direction appearing simultaneously on the corresponding wall or floor and on the crystal globe in the center of the palace. (to be continue)

euf ay:ukef\/ taemuft&yf &SdorQaom0wKwdkYonf taemufeH&H jyLwif;rSecsywvnf;aumif;? tdrwi;f &Sd rSev;kH vnf;aumif; wpfNyKd if f f Ykd f G f euf ay:ukef\/ awmift&yf&SdorQaom 0wKwdkYonf awmifeH&H jyKwif;rSecsywvnf;aumif;? tdrwi;f &Sd rSev;kH vnf;aumif; wpfNyKd if f f Ykd f G f euf ay:ukef\/ ajrmuft&yf &SdorQaom 0wKwdkYonf ajrmufeH&H jyLwif;aygufrecsywvnf;aumif; wpfNyKd ieufay:uke\/ atmuft&yf S f f Ykd f f &SdorQaom 0wKwdkYonf atmufMurf;jyif rSefcsyfpkvnf;aumif;? tdrftv,f rSefvHk;wpfckvnf;aumif; wpfNydKifeuf ay:Muukef\/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/) uREf k y f w d k Y \ txH k y g&rD e nf ; yg;rI ? p&Ptm; rvHkavmufrI? 'ge oDv bm0em rjynhprwaMumihf bk&m;tqlqEifh vGacsmc& f kH I Ykd l S J f hJ jim;aomfvnf;? jrwfA'\ omoemawmftwGi;f k BuKH BuKd u&jcif;? jrwfA'\ wynhom; oHCm f k f awmft&Sijf rwfwtm; qnf;uyfMunfnKd &jcif;? Ykd ylaZmfvLS 'gef;&jcif;wdonfyifvQif wefz;kd rjzwf Yk Edkifaom ukodkvfxl;BuD;jzpfayawmhonf/ ]]yefcsiol ndKEUJG aESmif;&,f acgif;zD;cJh f av;}} [k pmqd&iu tqifoihf zD;vdr;f xm;Ny;D k S f jzpfatmif? jyifqifNy;D atmif owday;aeygonf/ rdrdwdkYonf vSvSyy jzLjzLoefYoefY? arT;arT;ysHUysHU py,fyef;udk yefqifvdkolrsm;jzpfMuygonf/ onfodkYqdkvQif tnpftaMu;wdkYjzifh vdrf;usH vsuf &Sdaom uREfkyfwdkY\ kyfcEmBuD;udkvnf; aumif;? pdwfapwodufwdkYudkvnf;aumif;? 'ge oDv bm0em urXmef;pD;jzef;yGm;rsm;jcif;jzihf zD;vdrf;oefYpif tqifoihf iHhvifhaeMu&ay vdrrnf/ odrom b'urm\ aemufq;kH py,f hf Yk S Hkjzpfaom jrwfAk'araw;&Sif a[mMum;rnhf w&m;awmfrsm; py,fHk? py,fiHkyGihfwdkYtm; qif Edici?hf py,fiyitm; yefqifEicifh (ud,wif k f G kH G hf kd f G k f dk ud,us zl;awGUEkici?hf qnf;uyfEici?fh vSL'gef; k f d f G kd f G EdkifcGihf? w&m;awmfudk emMum;EdkifcGihf) BuHKBufdKuf Edkifrnfjzpfayonf/ wpfiHkwnf;aom py,fHkrS yef;yGihfrsm;ESihf BuHKBudKuf yefqifEdkifMuap&ef "raCmo urtrI jyKvkduf&ygownf;/ ppf u d k i f ; 0if ; a&T

ywmEkarm'e? "ro0e? "ra'oem? 'd|dZkur tp&Sdaom ykn Bu,m0wK 10 yg; rjynhpr?I d f kH oDvoH0&? `E, *kw'Gg&? abmZerwnK? d Zm*&d,mEka,m*? o'g owd [d&D Mowy A[kop 0D&d, ynm lyg0p& pwkwpsmef av;yg;-wnf;[laom p&Pw&m;rsm; uif;rJr?I h oDv orm"d ynm odumen;fyg;rI ponfh ukovw&m; (15) yg; rvHk avmufrwaMumifh kd f I Ykd bk&m;tqlqlESifh vGJacsmf&jcif;jzpfayonf/ pifppftm;jzihf rdrdwdkYonf aqG;ajrU a[mif;EGrf;jcif;r&Sdaom olawmfaumif;w&m; wdkYudk arhavsmhvsuf avmb? a'go? arm[? rmefrmewdkYaemuf wpfvGJqHyifwif; a&vdkuf vGJaeMujcif;jzpfayonf/ rdrdwdkY\b0wnf;[laom tdrfxJodkY Zmwd[laom {nhfonfpdrf;u wHcg;acguf 0if a &muf c J h a csNyD / Zmwd \ aemuf u G , f w G i f Z&m[laom Ncdrf;ajcmufolu ae&m,lxm;ay NyD/ Z&m\aemufuG,fwGif Asm"d[laom rdpm aumifu arTaemuf0ify;l &ef toihapmihaeay f f NyD/ Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d [laom tarSmif rdpm oHk;OD;onf r&PwyfrSL;\ wrefawmfrsm;ay wnf;/ xdkr&PwyfrSL;\ wrefawmfrsm;onf uREfkyfwdkY\ ukodkvfw&m; rvHkavmufaom b0tdrfav;udk zsufrSef;rod zsufqD;ygacsNyD/ ,if;odYk zsuq;D rIrsm;udk owdorZOf f w&m;jrwfwnf;[laom tyrm' vufeufjzihf ckwjf zwfowoif&efvtyfvayonf/ odr[kwf k f kd S Yk ygu uREf k y f w d k Y o nf ppf w rf ; rxm;aom prf;w0g;0g;ESifh vrf;rSm;vmonhf oHo&mc&D; onfrQom jzpfaeaya&mhrnf/

SPECIAL GIVE A MORALIZING TALKS

24

"r0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

&efukefNrdKU? ausmufukef;awm& ar'deDpmoifwkduf omoe"Z od&Dy0& "rmp&d,? ygVdyg&*l? 0de,yg&*l? *P0gpu t*r[m*E0gpuy@dw? t*r[my@dw

q&mawmft&Sifaum0d'"Z a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom
(o' r a 'oem ar'd e D w &m;aygif ; csKyf )

urm&efolBuD; okH;rsKd;w&m;awmf
(,cif t ywf r S t quf ) a'goqd k ; zsuf aumif ; usKd ; ysuf y H k (u) tewZeaem a'gaom? a'gaom pdwyaumyaem/ b,rE&awm ZmwH? wH Zaem em0AkZwd/ (c) 'ka|m twH e Zmemwd? 'ka|m "rH e ywd/ tEwrH w'g a[mwd? ,H a'gaom o[aw e&H/ (*) a,m p a'goH y[Eme? a'goaea,s? e 'kwd/ a'gaom y[D,aw wrSm? wmvyuH0 AEem/ (wd0kwu ygVd? 252/) [l wd0kw ygVdawmf jrwfpGmbk&m;u a'gow&m;\ tusKd;rJhjyKwwfyHk tvHk;pHkudk a[mMum;awmfrlcJhjci;fyifjzpfygw,f/ (u) a'gaom? zsufqD;wwfaom oabm&Sdjim; a'gow&m; onf? tewZeaem? rdrd olwpfyg; tusKd;rsm;udk ysufjym;ap&ef twef wef trSefrSefyifjzpfapwwf\/ a'gaom? a'gow&m;onf pdwyaum yaem? pdwf"mwf,Gif;yg; acsmufcsm;aprI jyKwwfay\/ tE&awm? rSefpGmr,Gif; twGif;pdwf? ZmwH? taMumif;qHkumjzpfay:vmaom/ wH b,H? twGif;vdIufql rD;odkY ylonfh a'go[laom xdkab;udk? Zaem? r&Sdw&m; todyg;onfh rsm;jym;axmifaomif; vlrdkuftaygif;wdkYonf/ em0AkZwd? a'gojrLvHk;? qdkYydwfzHk;ojzihf qHk;jzwfydkifydkif rodEkdifonf omwnf;/ (c) 'ka|m? a`rGa[muf'kwfxdk; yrmrsKd;odkY pdwfqdk;pdwfysuf trsufxGufaomolonf/ twH rdrd olwpfyg; ESpfyg;tusKd;udk? e Zmem wd? [kwfrSefwdkif;yif rodjrifay? (0g) [kwfrSefonfhtwdkif; ydkif;jcm;xif xif rodjrifEkdifay? 'ka|m a'goESdyfpuf trsufxGufaom olonf? "rH ukovq,fyg; jrwfw&m;ud/ e ywd rsuarSmufxifxif rodjrifEif kd f k f dk ay/ ,'g? tMuiftcg/ a'gaom? a'gow&m;onf/ ,H e&H? pdwf"mwfacsmufcsm; ,Gif;yg;owd r&SdPful tMuifoludk? o[aw? rwdk;wufatmif ESdyfpufzdpD;wwf\/ w'g? xdktcg/ w e&? xdk pdwf"mwfacsmufjcm;ysufjym;oltm;/ tEwrH? vuG,foef;acgif rdkufarSmifru omvGefvSonfh rsm;pGmpdkuf trdkufwdkufonf? a[mwd? w&m;obm0 a&Smifr&atmif rkcsraoG jzpfay:avawmhonf/ (*) a,m ea&m? owdw&m;? vufudkifxm;ojzihf trSm;uif; rI tMuifolonf? a'goH? rdkufrJqkd;&Gm;? a'gow&m;udk? y[Eme? w'*F0duef ,if;ESpfwefjzihf xdkufwefonfhtavsmuf y,fazsmufjcif; aMumihf/ a'goaea,s? trsufxGufzG,f toG,foG,frsm;pHk lygHkponf / e 'kwd? tpOftquf trsurxGuawmhay/ wmvyu?H aumif;pGm f f &ihfNyD; xef;oD;rSnhfonf/ AEem? rdrdrSD&m xef;oD;nmrS? yZ[wd-yrkpwd 0? "rwmobm0 a<uumus&ouJhodkY? w e&? owdw&m; vufudkifxm;ojzihf trSm;uif;rI xdkusihfol\/ a'gaom? jypfrSm;wwf jim;? a'gow&m;udk/ wrSm? trsufxGufzG,f toG,foG,frsm;pHk xdktmHk rS? y[D,aw y[D,wd y&dpZD,wd? tem*grdr*f "m;oefvsufjzihf y,fzsufckwfxGif okwfoifpGefYypf tyfavawmhownf;/ qdkvdk&if; t"dyg,fuawmh pdwfqdk;pdwfysuf trsufxGufjcif; a'go[l o nf tusKd ; rJ h o m jzpf a pwwf w ,f ? a'gow&m;[l o nf pdwf"mwfudk acsmufcsm;apwwfw,f/ rdrd\ twGif;pdwf jzpfay:aom a'gownf;[laom xdkab;qdk;udk vlewfjA[mow0gtaygif;onf aumif;pGmrod&Eiay/ pdw"mwf,i;f ysuf trsuxuaom olonf rdrd dS dk f f G f G f olwpfyg; ESpfOD;om;\ tusKd;pD;yGm;udk aumif;pGmroday/ pdwf"mwf ,Gif;ysuf trsufxGufaom olonf rdrd\ tusKd;pD;yGm;jzpfaom ukodkvf uryx w&m;q,fyg;udk ydkif;jcm;rjrifEkdifay/ a'gow&m;qdk;onf vludk vTrf;rdk; zdpD;aeaom tcgumv0,f xdkoltm; vuG,foef;acgif trduarSmifxufveuaom trduwuf trduarSmifusavawmhonf/ k f G f J k f kd k f tMuifolonfum; pdwfqdk;pdwfysuf trsufxGufjim; a'go w&m;udk t&d,mr*fjzihf y,fzsufaomaMumihf trsufxGufzG,f toG,f oG,frsm;pHk lygHkponf trsufxGufrI r&Sdawmhay/ xef;oD;rSnhfonf xef;nmrS a<uus&avouJhodkY xdkenf;wlpGm xdkolonfvnf; trsuf xGufjcif; a'gow&m;qdk;udk xdktrsufxGufzG,f toG,foG,frsm;pHk lyg HkponfrS tem*grdr*f "m;oefvsufjzihf y,fzsufckwfxGif &Sif;vif; y,fpGefYtyfonfjzpfavowJh/ 'Da'gow&m;udk y,f&Sm;Ekdifwm wwd,tqihfjzpfwJh tem*g rdr*fuom y,f&Sm;Ekdifwm r[kwfvm; ('umBuD;OD;pdef&JU)/ a'gow&m;udk ry,f&Sm;EkdifvQif oHo&mwpfcGif0,f vSnhf vnfusifvnfcdkuf rMumcP i&JbHkodkYa&mufatmif wGef;ydkYaeaom 'Da'gow&m;yJwJh ('umBuD; OD;pdef&JU)? tcsdKUaom yk*dKvfrsm;u rdrdwdkY a'gowBuD;onfudkyif *kPfwif ajymMuao;w,f/ rdrdukd,fudk rdrd pdwfqwfw,f/ pdwfjrefw,f? wpfcgpdwfqdk;NyD;&if ausaysmufcJw,f qdkwmawGudk *kPf,laewwfMuao;w,fr[kwfvm;? igwdkY[m i&JbHk oGm;zdkY awmfawmf&dumawG rsm;aeyguvm;vdkY pOf;pm;rdvQif 'DrQavmuf a'gow&m;BuD;Murnfr[kwfbl;aemf/ a'go ta'go obm0csif ; rwl y g a'gaoe [d pd@Zmwdwm, a'goo'doH ed&,H OyyZEd/

SPECIAL GIVE A MORALIZING TALKS

"r0D&onf "ropmudk Tefjyonf/ (tbd"rt|uxm? y? 172) [d op?H trSeaomfum;? a'gaoe? ,kwrmqd;k 0g; a'gow&m; f f jzihf (0g) a'gow&m;aMumihf? p@Zmwdwm,? kef;&if;Murf;wrf;jcif; oabm&Sdonf\ tjzpfaMumihf/ a'goo'doH? zsufqD;wwfjim; a'go w&m;ESihf wlnDaom/ ed&,H? csrf;omuif;uGm i&J&GmodkY? OyyZEd? "r vrf;aMumif;rwdrf;rapmif;bJ aumif;pGmraoG jzpfMu&avukefownf;/ oHo&mc&D;oGm; ow0gtrsm;wdkYonf ,kwfrmqdk;0g;vSaom a'gow&m;jzihf kef;&if;Murf;wrf;aom oabm&Sdonf\ tjzpfaMumihf rdr\ zsuq;D wwfaom a'gow&m;ESiwaom csr;f omuif;uGm rsm;pGm d f fh l qif;&J tyg,fi&JodkY rvGJraoG jzpfMuavowJh? a'gow&m;udk y,f&Sm; ypfEkdifrSomvQif i&JbHkrS uif;vGwf csrf;omrI&&SdekdifwJh taMumif;udkvJ aumif;rGefpGm rSwfom;Mu&r,faemf/ ta'gaoe ed & a, Oyyw d e a[mwd ? a'go p y#d y au m ta'gaom/ (tbd ? y? 172)/ ta'gaoe? trsufxGufjcif;? trSefuif;jim; ta'gow&m; jzihf? ed&a,? csrf;omuif;uGm i&J&Gm/ Oyywd? y#doaE wnfaepifppf jzpf&jcif;onf? e a[mwd? rjzpfay/ ta'gaom? ta'gow&m;onf? a'go p? zsufqD;wwfjim; a'gow&m;\vnf;/ y#dyaum? rpyf r,Suf qefYusifbufonf? a[mwd/ aumif;pGmraoG jzpf&avownf;/ a'gow&m;aMumihf tyg,fi&JodkY rvGJrSefpGm uswwfouJhokdY a'gow&m;\ qefYusifbufjzpfaom ta'gow&m;jzpf&SdcJhygvQif csr;f omuif;uGmi&J&m y#doaEwnfae&jcif; rjzpfawmhb;l ? odtwGuf G Yk tyg,fi&Jab;'Pfudk trSefaMumuf&GHUygu a'gow&m;udk y,f&Sm;Ekdif orQ y,fMu&vdrhfr,f/ uJ tyg,fi&JaMumufolrsm; 'DvuFmuav; ESpfyk'fudk rSwfom;NyD; owdxm;Muayawmh/ (aqmif) 1/ trsufa'go? BuD;vGef;u? rkcs i&Jusa&mufrnf/ 2/ a'goenf;rS? ed&,? rkcs uif;vGwfMuayrnf/ 3/ a'goeJYao? i&Jajr? a&mufav rvGJNyD/ a'goBu;D aom olrsm;onf toufyif i,faomfvnf; t&G,f usvG,fwwfonf/ tdkvG,fwwfonfwJh? trSeftm;jzihf od&rnfu a'gouif;wJhol a'gow&m; enf;yg;olqdkvQif jrefpGm rtdkwwfbl;? t&G,wifwwfonf/ 50 ausm?f 60 ausm&aomfvJ touf 40 ywf0ef; f f dS usiavmufom&Srnf[k xif&avmufatmif t&G,wiforsm;udk rMum f d f l cP awGU&ayvdrhfrnf/ 'Dyk*dKvfrsKd;udk avhvmvQif a'goenf;wwfwm udk awGU&r,f/ ta'gaoe Z&m'k u H e a[mwd ? wd u a 'go cd y H Z&m or 0 awm/ (tbd ? |? y? 171/) ta'gaoe? a'gouif;jim; ta'gow&m;jzihf? Z&m'kuH? tdkjcif; qif;&Jonf/ e a[mwd? rjzpf/ uom? tb,faMumihfenf; [lrum;? wdua'go? vGepmxufaom trsua'go&Saom oltm;/ l f G f d cdyH? vsifpGm? Z&mor0awm? tdkjci;foabm\ jzpfoihfonf\ tjzpf aMumihfwnf;/ odkYtwGufaMumihf a'gow&m; enf;yg;vQif t&G,fwifwwf onf/ a'gow&m;BuD;rm;vQif jrefpGmtdkwwfonfvdkY rSwfom;MuzdkYygyJ/ (aqmif) a'goenf;vQif? t&G,fwif? vsifvsifrtdkay/ a'gouJrdk? jrefpGmtdk? ,Gif;,dkwwfvSay/ i,fi,f&G,f&G,fESihf qHyifjzLwwfjcif;? touf 30 ausmf? 40 rQ &S d a omf v J 50 ausmf ? 60 ru xif & avmuf a tmif tom; ta&wGeaeojzihf tdpemaygufaejcif;wd[mvJ a'gorD; awmufavmif Yf k Yk

25

aejcif;aMumihf ygyJwJh/ a'goenf;wJhol? a'gorD;avmifuRrf;jcif;udk rcH &wJh olrsm;rSm toufBuD;aomfvJ qHyifrjzLbl;? yg;a& em;a& rwGefYbl; wJh('umBuD; OD;pdef&JU)/ ta'gaom a,mAe ypa,m a[mwd? t'ka|m [d 0vd yvdwm 0a[e a'go*dem t!,Srmae 'DC&wH ,k0g a[mwd/ (tbd " r | uxm? y? 172) ta'gaom? trsuenf;yg; ta'gow&m;onf/ a,mAe? f ysKdjrpfEke,f t&G,faumif;jcif;\/ ypa,m taMumif;taxmuftyHh onf/ a[mwd? rkcsraoG jzpfay\/ [d opH xdkpum;onf xif&Sm; {uefrevay\/ t'ka|m? a'gorBu;D aom olonf/ 0vdyvdwm0a[e? S f S tom;ta& tajccRwf,Gif; wGefYvdrfjcif;ESihf ruif;wrl qHyifjzLjci;fudk aqmif w wf a om/ a'go* d e m? trsuf v G e f B uD ; a'gorD ; onf / t!,Srmaem? raqmifpGrf;aom/ a'go*dem? trsufvGefBuD; a'gorD; onf? t!,Srmaem? raqmifpGrf;aom ravmifuRrf;tyfyg/ 'DC&wH &SnfpGmaom aeYnOfhwdkYywfvHk;/ ,k0g? ysKdjrpfEke,f t&G,faumif;onf/ a[mwd? rsufjrif'd| jiif;r&atmif rkcsyHkao jzpf&avawmhownf;/ a'gouif;jcif;onf kyf&nftqif; EkysKdjcif;\taMumif;jzpf ayw,f/ trSermyg;a&em;a&wGejYf cif;? qHyifawG azG;azG;jzLaejcif;onf f S rdrd\ trsufa'gorD;u avmifNrdKifaejcif;aMumihf jzpfayw,f/ trsuf a'gouif;aom olrSmum; tom;ta& wGefYvdrfjcif;? qHhyifjzLjcif;udk jzpfapwwfaom a'gorD; avmifuRrf;jcif;? r&Sdonfjzpf umv&Snf vsm;pGm ysKdjrpfEke,f t&G,faumif;jcif;jzpfwwfonfrSm "rwmyifjzpf ayonf/ avmu rsufjrif'd| awGUBuHKaeMu& b,folrQ rjiif;qef Edkifawmhay/ 'gaMumihf ysKdjrpfEke,f t&G,fwifvdkaom (tdkrSmaMumufMu aom) trsKd;aumif;om;orD;rsm;vJ a'gow&m;y,f&Sm;Edkifatmif usihf Mu&r,f w J h ('umBuD ; OD ; pd e f & J U )? uJ vG , f v G , f r S w f E k d i f a tmif 'DvuFmuav; aqmifxm;Muayawmh/ (aqmif) a'govGefBuD; avmifrD;yrm? kyfa&tdkrif; jzLjcif;qHvTm/ ta&wGefYoGm;usKd; jzpfdk;jrefpGm? a'gouif; kyfqif;EkysKdrSm/ a'gouif;atmif usihfBuHae&r,fqdkwm rdrd&JU twGif;pdwf "mwfuav;jyKjyifay;vduzygyJ/ a'gojzpfz,awGUvQif onf;cHcivwf k f Ykd G f G fh T jcif;? arwmw&m;yGm;rsm;jcif;jzihf a'gow&m;qdwm tvdvkd uif;aysmuf k k oGm;ygvdrr,f/ a'gouif;vQif kyqif;t*FgawGvJ vSyvmrSmyJ/ yg;a& fh f em;a&awG rwGefYatmif rdwfuyfvdrf;aeMu&wJholawG? qHyifjzL rjrif atmif qHyifq;kd aq;udk aqmifae&wJoawG rdrwo@efrm a'gow&m; h l d Ykd S qdk;vTrf;rdk;aew,fqdkwm aumif;pGm odNyD;a'gouif;atmif usihfBuHMu &r,faemf/ 'Da'gow&m;[m 'DrQom qd;k usK;d ay;wmr[kwao;bl;/ a'go f BuD;wJh olrsm;rSm &efolvJ vGefpGmrsm;wwfowJh/ bmaMumihfvJqdkawmh a'gow&m;qdkwm rdrd&JU tusKd;pD;yGm;udkvJ zsufqD;? olwpfyg;&JU tusKd; pD;yGm;udkvJ zsufqD;wwfwJhoabm&Sdwmudk;/ olwpfyg;udk apmfum;vQif tb,frSm olwpfyg;u rdrdudkcspfcifaygif;oif;jyKygawmhrnfvJ/ a'go r&SdvQifawmh rdwfaumif;aqGaumif; &&Sdjcif;&JU taMumif;yJwJh/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

26

"r0D&onf t"rw&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

'kue,f us,fygayh avmuBuD;&,f}}

bk e f ; atmif a usmf
jzpfysuforQ ocFg&w&m;wdkYonf qif;&Jjcif;trSejf zpfaom ]]'kuopm}} yif jzpfyg awmhonf/ rdrcEmud,[qtyfaom kyw&m;? d k f k kd f emrfw&m;wd\ ]]tedp} }? ]]'ku} }? ]]tew}} oabm Yk wdkYudk rdrdrsufpdudkrSdwf? cEmudk,fwGif;Pfpdkuf um reufwdkif; 0dyemw&m;xdkif (1) em&D cefY tm;xkwfcJhygonf/ 0dyemw&m;tm;xkwfjcif;onf ]]tw}} pGJ? ]]igpGJ}}? oum,'d|d}} (Concept of self) aysmufatmifvkyfonhf tvkyfjzpfyg onf/ twpaysmufrS udavomtaESmiftzGUJ rS JG vGwfajrmufNyD;? csrf;omppf csrf;omrSefudk &&Sd Murnfjzpfygonf/ ]]ou m ,'d | d } } ES i f h ywf o uf ? q&m awmf (rH&maeZm) u? "r0&*sme,f twGJ k G D (11)? trSwf (8) rSm wdkwdk&Sif;&Sif;jzihf a&;om; azmf j yxm;onf r S m rS w f o m;zG , f a umif ; vS ygonf / cE m ud k t rS D j yKNyD ; ]]ig}} vd k Y pG J v ef ; aerI [ m ]]ou m ,'d | d } } ygyJ . ..[k t"dym,f zGifhqdk a&;om;xm;ygonf/ eHeufydkif;apmapmwGif rsufpdtmHkwdkY udk rSwNf y;D ? 0dyemw&m; tm;xkwjf cif;tvkyf d NyD;qHk; rsufpdtmHkudkzGihfNyD; vkyfief;cGifodkY r0ifr?D aeYpOfxwowif;pm? *sme,frsm;udk zwf k f IMunhvuaomtcg ]]oum,'d|}d } ruif;aom f kd f owif;rsm;udk w&m;oabmESifh atmufygtwki;f d qifjcifzwfIrdvkdufygawmhonf/ ]]ajrmufu&;D ,m;\ wma0;ypf';kH usnf kd awydk'Gef-2}} onf tar&duef taemufbuf urf;ajctxd ypfcwfEdkifaMumif; owif;udk zwfIvkduf&onf/ awydk'Gef-2 prf;oyf&efpDpOf rIonf awmifudk&D;,m;udk &efp&efESihf tar&d uef orwopf bm;&uftdkbm;rm;tm; tmHk pdkuf cH&atmif jyKvkyfjcif;jzpfaMumif;? EdkifiH wuma&;&mrsm;udk avhvmolrsm;u a0zef ajymqdkMuygonf/ Ak'w&m;awmft& tqdkyg owif;onf ]]rmetw}} rS aygufzGm;ay:xGuf vmaom aqmif&urjI zpfonf[k w&m;oabm G f t& qifjcifrdygonf/ ]]rmetw}} [lonfrSm axmifvTm;rIudk tcdkiftrmtESpfom&jyK rdrdtvdktwdkif;jzpfap&ef tm;xkwfaejcif; oabmrSm ]]twpGJ}} (Comcept of Self)

aMumif h jzpf y gawmh o nf / wpfzef *sme,fwpfapmifrS *gZmppfyJG owif;udk qufvufzwfvurygonf/ *gZm I dk f d ppfyGJwGif urmay: acwftrDqHk; befum zsuA;kH jzpfaom GBU- 39? tar&duefvyf trsKd ; f k tpm; 'H k ; usnf (1000)ud k tp a &; &;u 0,f,lNyD;? [m;rwfwdkY\ 'Hk;usnfpcef;rsm;udk wducuc&mwGitoH;k jyKconf[k tpa&;EdiiH k f dk f hJ f hJ k f ]]a*skqvifydkYpfowif;pm}} u azmfjyxm; aMumif; owif;udk zwfvdkuf&jyefygonf/ Ak'w&m;awmft&qdk&vQif tpa&; ESifh [m;rwfwYkd wducuMf uaom ppfyudk ]]*gZm k f dk JG ppfyGJ}} [k rjrifrdawmh? ESpfbuf\ ]]rmetw}} ppfyGJ[kom aumuf,l&rnfjzpfygonf/ ]]rme tw}} aMumihf aygufzGm;vm&aom udavom a'gorD;wdkYvnf; aMumufrufzG,faumif;vSyg awmhonf/ q&mawmf a'gufwmoD&d"rmeEu a'go\qdk;usdK;udk atmufygtwkdif; rdefYqdkcJhzl; onfudk owd&qifjcifrdygawmhonf/ ]]a'goonf jyif ; jyaom cH p m;rI avmifpmu yHhydk;ay;vkdufaomtcg ydkrdkBuD; xGm;aom a'gojzpfvmygonf/ txl;ojzihf irf ; irf ; wuf r uf a rmrI o nf tqd k y gjyif ; jy onfh cHpm;rIaemufuG,fwGif uyfygvmaom tcg a'goydkrdkBuD;xGm;vmjyefyg\/ a'go tvGG tvejf yif;xefaeaomtcg vlonf vltjzpf &yfpJoGm;onf}} [k rdefYqdkxm;ygonf/ wpfzef ]]2008-ckESpfudk vIyfcgoGm; cJhwJh xdk (10)&uf}} aqmif;yg;udk qufzuf

vku&m? pD;yGm;a&;tusytwnf;aMumihf urmh d f f a'otoD;oD;wGif vIyfcgoGm;onhf pD;yGm;a&; 'Pf c suf j zpf a pcJ h a om (10) &uf t euf oufwrf; (158) ESpf&Sdaom tar&duef\ av;ref;bPfBu;D onf pkpaygif; a':vm (613) k bDvD,H a<u;NrDr&Sif;EdkifonhftwGuf a'0gvD cH&NyD;? NydKusysufpD;oGm;cJhjcif;owif;rsm;onf avmbudk tajccH ]]twpGJ}} aMumifhjzpf&onf [k w&m;oabmt& aumuf,lpOf;pm;rdjyefyg onf/ xdkYaMumihf txufygowif;rsm;udk zwf I & if ; qif j cif r d o nf r S m jzpf y suf o rQ ocF g &w&m;wd k Y o nf qif ; &J j cif ; trS e f ]]'kuopm}} yif jzpfygawmhaMumif; rSwf,l vdkufrdygawmhonf/ wpfzef txuf azmfjyygowif;rsm; yg&S d a om jzpf & yf o wif ; rsm;rS m tw p G J ]]ou m ,'d | d } } aMumif h j zpf y suf & aom ocFg&w&m;rsm;yifjzpfygonf/ &if0wGif vSHpl; aevQif t&ifrEIwfvdkufygESihf? OD;acgif;wGif rD ; pG J aevQif v nf ; t&if r Nid r f ; owf y gES i h f ? OD;pGm aqmif&Guf&rnfrSm rdrd\pdwfxJwGif pG J u yf a e aom ]]tw p G J } } ]]ou m , 'd | d } } wdkYudk t&ifEIwf odrf;vkdufyg [laom w&m; awmf tqHk;tronf b0ESihf avmuwGif awmuf a vmif a eaom 'k u r D ; wd k Y u d k Ni d r f ; owf a y;vk d u f a om w&m;awmf v m tqH k ; tryif jzpf y gawmh o nf / bk e f ; atmif a usmf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smufonf/

27

Ak'bmom0ifwdkY\ r[maus;Zl;&Sif t&SiftmeEm

(,cif t ywf r S t quf ) wpf a eY a omtcg &[ef ; tcsd K Uu bk&m;&Sif\ w&m;awmfudk ,cifuemMum;cJh NyD;onfrSm awmfawmfav;MumoGm;NyDjzpf w&m;emvdkygaMumif; t&SiftmeEmudk wifjy avQmuf x m;vmMuygonf / xd k t csd e f w G i f jrwfA'onf om0wdj ynf aZw0efausmif;awmf k oDwif;oH;k aeawmfrygonf/ t&SitmeEmu l f xdk&[ef;wdkYudk ]&ru}ausmif;odkY <uoGm;Mu&ef ESihf xdkausmif; olwdkYwpfawG\ tvdkqErsm; jynhf0ygvdrhfrnf[k ESpfodrfhvdkufygonf/ &ru ausmif;rSm ykAm&mrausmif;awmfteD;&Sdyg onf/ naecsrf;wGif t&SiftmeEmu &ru ausmif; pka0;apmihfqdkif;aeMuaom &[ef; wdkYtm; w&m; a'oema[mMum;ay;awmfrlNyD; avmuwGif jrwfaom&SmrS;D jcif;ESifh ,kwnaom f hH &SmrSD;jcif; [l qefYusifbuf&SmrSD;jcif; ESpfrsKd; taMumif ; w&m;awmf u d k &[ef ; wd k Y t m; a[mMum;awmfrl ygonf/
On one day some bhikkhus told Ananda their desire to hear discourse from the Buddha, as it was so long since they had heard one. At that time the Buddha was staying at 'Jetavana' in Savatthi. He satisfied them to go to 'Rammaka' monastery where their wishes might be fulfilled. Rammaka monastery was near Pubbarama. In the evening Ananda requested the Buddha to deliver a sermon to the monks who were assembling and waiting in Rammaka monastery. He agreed and gave them a discourse of two opposing ways of search in the world the noble and ignoble.

jrif h o d e f ; (armf u Ref ; )

jrwfAk'xHawmfodkY ac:aqmifoGm;NyD; xdkol\ avQmuf x m;csuf u d k bk & m;&S i f x H j yef v nf avQmufxm;wifjyvduygonf/ bk&m;&Siu rdrd k f f vnf ; bk & m;tjzpf o d k Y a&muf a wmf r rl r D u tvm;wl tawG;rsKd;&SdcJhNyD; umr*kPfwdkY\ qd;k usK;d tjypfwukd awGUjrif&ef tm;xkwawmfrl Ykd f cJaMumif;? tqH;k rSmawmh oHo&mrS vGwajrmuf h f onfh tusihfw&m;\ tusKd;aus;Zl;(t&[w zdkvf)udk &&SdawmfrlcJhaMumif; rdefYMum;awmfrlyg onf/
When the Buddha stayed in ]Uruvelakappa' village near 'Mahavana' in the kingdom of the Mallas, he left Ananda in the village and went alone into Mahavana take a siesta. A layman 'Tapussa' visited Ananda and said that the youths could renounce the pleasure of household life and joined the Order, while the worldlings like him were indulging in the sensual pleasures, and Nibbana was a dreadfully steep eliff to him. Ananda took him to the Buddha in Mahavana and repeated Tapussa's remark. The Buddha said that he also had thought in the same way before Enlightenment, and he tried to see the defect of sensual pleasure. He finally obtained he fruition of the Practice of Liberation (Arahatta Phala).

wpf & yf v nf ; &S d a wmf r l y gao;onf / t&S i f tmeEm\ y&d,m,f<u,fvSaom pGrf;&nfwdkY aMumihfyif yaoe'Daumovrif;BuD;\ eef; wGif;ol armif;rrdHwdkYudk w&m;a[mzdkY&m cefYtyfcH&jcif;rSm xif&Sm;jrifomyg\/
The incidents stated above are good examples to show that Ven.Ananda was very fond of rendering service for others. It is also ovious that his skill in dealing with people was admirable. They were pleased by his discourse and they wanted to listen more. He also had a good skill in giving suitable discourse on the spur of the moment, in finding the right word at the right time. It appears to be that he was appointed to teach the Dhamma to the harem women of King Pasenadi Kosala, because of his factful abilities.

rvEkdifiHawmftwGif;&Sd ]r[m0kef} awmteD; ]Oka0vuy} &Gm bk&m;&Sif oDwif; oH;k awmfrpOf t&SitmeEmtm; &GmwGi;f xm; l f cJhNyD; bk&m;&Sifwpfyg;wnf; aeYoefYpif&ef r[m 0k e f a wmf t wG i f ; od k Y <uoG m ;awmf r l y gonf / ]wyk} ac: 'g,umwpfOD; t&SiftmeEmxH vma&mufNyD; ]i,f&G,folrsm;u tdrfaxmif onfb0 om,mrIudk pGefYvTwf &[ef;abmif odkY 0ifa&mufEkdifMuygaMumif;? rdrduJhodkYaom ykxZOfrsm;rSmrl umr*kPwjYkd zihf arGUavsmaeMu k f f NyD; edAmef[lonf rdrdtzdkYrSm tvGefw&mrSyif jrihfrm;rwfapmufvSaom urm&HBuD;wpfckyif jzpfygay\} [k avQmufxm;ygacsonf/ t&Sif tmeEmu wykudk r[m0kefawmtwGif;&Sd

t&SiftmeEmonf wpfcg wpfcg trSm;t,Gif;tcsdKUudk rawmfwqvkyfrdwwf onf/ bk&m;&Sif\ w&m;awmfwdkYudk xdef;odrf; xm;&m owdBuD;rm;olwdkYwGif (owdrEmeH) tomqHk; tjrwfqHk; {w'*fydkif&Sifjzpfygvsuf bmaMumihfrsm; 'Dvdkvkyfrdygvdrhf[k BuHqoihfyg \/ t&SiftmeEmonf bk&m;&Sifudk jyKpkvkyf auR;&eftwGuf aMumihfMuAsmyg&ESihf trsm; tusKd;aqmif&Gufvdkonfh pdwfxm;wdkYaMumihf txuf w G i f wif j ycJ h a om tjzpf vGefpGmrS tvkyfrsm;NyD; rtm;rvyfEkdifatmif tysufrsm;onf t&SiftmeEm\ olwpfyg; &Sdae taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm rawmfwq tusKd;aqmif&Gufvdkpdwf tvGefBuD;rm;aMumif; owdvufvGwfvkyfrdayonf[k aumufcsuf jy&ef Oyrmaumif ; rsm;yif j zpf a csonf / csEkdifygacs\/ He, sometimes, did some errors vltrsm;ESifh qufq&mwGif uRr;f usirrmvnf; H f I S unintentionally. And it should be considtHhcsD;av;jrwfzG,fygay/ vltrsm;rSm t&Sif tmeEm\ w&m;a'oemawmfwdkYudk BudKufESpf ered why he being a pre-eminent person among those who have mindfulness in reoufMuNyD; wdk;xyfcgyif emMum;vdkMuonf/ taining the Teachings (Satimantanam), did tcsdefumvtm;avsmfpGm oihfjrwfaom pum; so? Here it can be deduced that, he, being vHk;wdkYudk BuHq pdwful;&onfESihf aumufum very busy because of his enxiety of serviifumESihf avsmfuefoihfjrwfaom a'oemudk ing the Buddha and his spirit of serving a[mMum;awmfrlEkdifaom t&nftcsif;aumif; others, accidentally and earlessly, did so.
(To be Continue)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

28

"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

1315 ck E S p f ? &ef u k e f N rd K U? Ak ' b momuvsmP,k 0 toif ; ( Y.M.B.A)toif ; BuD ; rS BuD ; rS L ;usif ; yaom Ak ' b momoif c ef ; pmzG i f h y J G B uD ; twG u f Nrd K Ur trsKd ; orD ; ausmif ; wG i f

q&mawmf ]]t&S i f Z eumbd 0 H o }} a[mMum; qH k ; rMo0g'ay;awmf r l a om w&m;awmf

tukodkvfbufrSmvJ 'DvdkyJ&Sdw,f/ 'Djyif pdwf"mwfawGeJY wlyghrvm;? odwmayhg/ tcsdef&Sdoa&GUjzpfaew,fqdkwmvnf; 'Dudpu em;vnf x m;vd k u f a emf / td y f a ysmf N yD ; awmh aeawmhvnf;bJ pdwfjzpfaew,f/ tJ'Dpdwfu bmrS vHUI aqmfrrygbl;/ tdyrufrrufe/ ndKUndKU I f YJ uav; wu,fhESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKufuav; uav; tdyfaysmfovdk ESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKuftdyfaysmfNyD;awmh aew,f/ 'Dawmh pdwfawGjzpfaewm tdy&if; f td y f & if ; aeawmh v nf ; pd w f a wG r jzpf b l ; rxife/ pdwawGjzpfaewm/ tJ'pwxrma&m YJ f h D d f J S tckeu apwemwdkYbmwdkYvdk rygbl;vm;/ ygw,f/ vIUH aqmfrrsm; xif&m;vm;/ rxif&m; I S S bl ; / tJ h ' D a pwem[m uH r [k w f b l ; / tJ h ' D apwem[m apwemyJac:&w,f/ uHr[kwf bl;/ ud,ebmrS rvkyf Edifb;l ? EkwerajymEdib;l ? k f YJ if k f YJ kf pd w f e J Y bmrS r BuH E d k i f b l ; / tJ h ' D a pwem[m uHrac:&bl;/ wpfcgtck-bke;f Bu;D &JUtoHukd Mum;wJh ol[m toHudk Mum;wJh aomw0dPf qdkyg awmh? Mum;Ny;D wJaemuf (cufrmpd;k vdYk bke;f Bu;D u h S ]]0Dx}d } udk rajymbl;) Mum;Ny;D aemuf pdwuav; f awG awmfawmfjzpfNyD;awmhrS *kwpdkufrSwfwJh pdwtpOfuay:vmw,f/ 0DxwrsKd ;ajymif;&w,f/ f d tJh'D0DxdxJrSmawmh apwemygw,f/ 'Dapwem [m bmudvUHI aqmfovJ? rSwvuw,f/ bke;f Bu;D k f dk f ajymwJxu rSwvuw,f/ Mum;wke;f u rrSwf h J f dk f Edib;l / Mum;Ny;D awmhrS pdwawG enf;enf;uav; k f f jcm;Ny;D awmhrS rSww,f? 'g bke;f Bu;D uHtaMumif; f udk av;av;eufeufajymaewm/ rSwfr,frSwf r,f/ tJ'rwwtcgrSm vIaqmfwapwemwpfck h D S f hJ YH hJ pdwfwkdif;pdwfwkdif;rSmjzpfaew,f/ vIYHaqmfae w,f/ tJh'gbmvJ/ reom- pdwfjzihf? urHuHudk? ua&mwd- jyK\/ tJh'gpdwfeJYjzpfwJhuH/ vluNidrfvdkY? EIwfubmrSrvkyfbl;? pdwfeJYjzpfwJh uH/ 'Dawmh puK rsupejYJ rifw,f? jrwfpmbk&m; f d G udk tmHkjyKvdkY rsufpdeJYjrifvkdufawmh? tJh'DjrifwJh tcsepuK0nmPfpw[m bmrSrpGr;f bl;/ bmrS d f d d f vIHUaqmfrIr&Sdbl;/ tJh'Du aemufudk enf;enf; uav;pd w f t pOf j cm;NyD ; awmh r S bk & m;tmH k a&muf yDwdawG bmawGrsm;jzpfvdkY/ tJh'DrSm apwemqdkwJh vHIYaqmfrIw&m;ygvmw,f/ vH I Y a qmf r I y grS o mvQif uH j zpf o nf / 'Dawmhum bkef;BuD;u y&dowfudk bmem;vnfapvdkovJqdkawmh uHqdkwJhOpm apwemudac:w,fvYkd bk&m;a[mawmfrw,f/ k l tJh'Dapwem[m dk;dk;apwodufrsdK;vdk owdnhH wJh apwemrsdK;r[kwfbl;/ vIHUaqmfrIwpfckygae w,f/ tJh'DvHIYaqmfrI wpfckygvdkY olYudk ]uHtrI onf} vdkY emrnfwwfw,f/ tm;vHk;ta>ct&H awGbJ bkef;BuD;wdkY bmOyrmay;ovJqdk&if vlwpfa,muf aqGrsdK;awGwpfpk 0dkif;ESdyfpufMu w,f ? ES d y f p uf M uwJ h x J u 'D j yif v l a wG u enf;enf;yg;yg; xdk;vm;Buwvm;avmuf vkyf d f w,f/ vlwpfa,mufu xd;k vduwOpm qH;k oGm; k f hJ w,f/ b,fol w&m;cHvJvdkYqdk&if tJh'Dol[m ]]trIonf}} w&m;cHyJ/ tJh'DvdkbJ/ tJh'Dz a0'empwJh apwodufawGxJu... wpfBudrf tmHkwpfckudk ,lwJhtcgrSm 'Djyif[m z ponfwdkYxJu odyfNyD;rxda&mufwm/ apwem uawmh odyNf y;D awmh xda&mufwmyJ/ 'gaMumifh apwemudk ]]trIonf}} ]]vufonf}} ]}ur}} ]]uH}} vdkY tJh'Dvdk owfrSwfw,f/ aumufcsufcsMu w,f / 'D a wmh bk e f ; BuD ; xyf a jymr,f a emf / apwemwd k i f ; ud k uH a c:ovm;qd k a wmh vI Y H a qmf E d k i f a vmuf a tmif ow d x uf w J h apwemud k o m uH a c:w,f / td y f a ysmf a e wkef;rSm apwemawGjzpfw,f/ uH rac:bl;/ rsuf p d e J Y jrif c k d u f em;eJ Y M um;ck d u f vQmeJ Y t&omudk cH,lcdkuf? tJh'Dvdk ponftm;jzif tcsdefrSm apwemygw,f/ uH rac:ygbl;/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ? vIHUaqmfwJhowdr&Sdygbl;/ tJh'Dawmh uHvdkYac:&wJhOpm ukodkvf ae&mrSmqdk&ifvnf; tckeu 'gejyKaew,f/ NrdefNrdef,Suf,SufjyKaew,f/ tm;&yg;&jyKae w,f/ oDvaqmufwnfaew,f/ ud,ovav;? k fh D rusdK;? raysmuf? raygufrysufatmifxdef;? pdyf yk w D ; rsm;pd y f v d k Y oD v aqmuf w nf a ew,f / bm0em ur|mef;yGm;rsm;aew,f/ tmHkpif atmifvYkd wuwnf; BuwBf uwe,fe,fBuKd ;pm; d d f

(,cif t ywf r S t quf )

uH t aMumif ; w&m;awmf
vIHUaqmfrIygaompdwfESifh vHIUaqmfrIrygaom pd w f udpwpfcrm BuKH vmvd&&if ud,pwf k S Yk dS k fh d uav;udk,f jyefpOf;pm;vdkufyg/ ukodkvfwpfck bk&m;&Sdcdk;aewmqdkygawmh? wpfaeYav bk&m; tmHkjyKNyD; &Sdcdk;&wm MuufoD;rsm;xvdkY pdwfudk odyfwufwuf<u<u&SdwmyJvdkY wpfcgwpfav awG;w,f/ wpfaeYav r&Sqif;&JwoawG Munhf d hJ l NyD;awmh udk,fu ukPmjzpfw,f/ oem;vdkY? igvnf; rpm;&&if &Sdygapawmh/ wuwnf; auR;vdkufwm? olYcrsmrsm; NrdefNrdef,Suf,Suf pm;w,f? 0rf;omvduwm/ pdwu 0rf;omvduf k f f k wm/ 'Dawmh tJ'tcgrSm pdwxrm "mwfwpfrsKd ; D f J S ygaew,f/ tckeu bk&m;&Sc;kd aewJouvnf; d h l MuufoD;xavmufatmif pdwf"mwfwpfrsdK; wdk;wufaew,f/ r&Sdqif;&JwJholudk auR;wJhol uvnf; wuwnf; 0rf;omtm;&eJY olawmif rpm;bJeJY auR;aew,f/ pdwf"mwfwpfrsdK;ygae w,f/ tJ'Dpdwf"mwf[m 'Djyifpdwf"mwfeJYwlyhg rvm;/ bke;f Bu;D u ukovbufukd ajymaew,f kd f aemf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;udk jyqkdonf/ NyD ; yG m ;rsm;aew,f / 'ge oD v bm0em? typm,e- vl B uD ; ud k jrwf p G m bk & m;ud k MunfnKd w,f/ daow,f? ESpEpumum dao k f S f k w,f/ tJh'DtcgrSm apwemawG vIHYaqmfrIygae w,f/ a0,sm0p- rdrdrdwfaqGwpfa,muf ukovjf yKaewJh Opm? oluav olwwuwnf; kd Y Ykd pdwfcsrf;om ukd,fcsrf;omeJY tmHk&ygapvdkY qdkNyD;awmh a0,sm0pqdkwJh yef;uefaq;p&mqdk vnf; oluaq;w,f/ csup&mjyKwp&m&Sawmh f f d vnf; olu csufjyKwfay;vdkY jyifp&m qifp&m &S d a wmh v nf ; ol u jyif q if a y;vd k Y pd w f u tif r wef w pf u ,f a pwemxuf o ef p G m eJ Y a0,sm0pjyKaew,f/ tJh'DapwemrSmvnf; uH qdkwJh apwemygaew,f/ qdkygawmh tJh'Dvdk avQmufNyD;Munhfygw,f/ raumif;wJh tukodkvfbufuae Munhfjyefawmhvnf; olYtoufowfawmhr,f qd&if pdwtm;xufoefpmeJY owfw,f/ olOpm k f G Y awG rw&m;,lawmhr,fqkdawmh pdwfuvnf;yJ ausauseyfeyfeJY vdrfvnfvSnhfywfNyD; rw&m; ,l/ tJ'Dvdkponftm;jzihf tukodkvfbufu vnf;av 'kpdkufbufuvnf;yJ vIHYaqmfwJh apwemyg&if tJ'Dapwemudk uHvdkYac:w,f/ 'gav;awmh rSwEiavmufygNyaemf/ rSwMf uyg/ f kd f D 'Dawmh apwemwdkif;udk uHrac:ygbl;/ bkef;BuD;wdkY oGm;&if;vm&if; [dkjrif'D jrif trSwwrJh arharhaysmufaysmufawG[m uHvYkd f qd&ayrJ/ wcsKd U[mawG[m bmrSaemufukd tusKd ; k h ay;avmufwJh owdr&Sdygbl;/ tusdK;ay;wJh ow d u vnf ; r,f r ,f & & vI H Y a qmf w J h apwemygvmrS tusd K ;ay;avmuf w J h uk o d k v f u H tuk o d k v f u H v d k Y ac:&ygw,f / uHqdkwm tvkyfygbJvdkY ayghayghav;ajymwJh a0zef 0g'enf ; enf ; avmuf rd r d w d k Y u a0 zef wwfNyDr[kwfvm;/ uH qdkwm tvkyfygyJ/ qdkygawmh xrif;csufw,f/ xrif;csufwm uH bJ/ tvkyfbJ/ xrif;csufvdkY xrif;pm;&wm tusdK;bJvdkYqdkwmuawmh ayghayhguav;yg/ 'guuH&JU tpGeftzsm;avmuf &Sdygw,f/ uH o nf c suf c sif ; tusd K ;ay;ovm; tck bk e f ; BuD ; ajymaewJ h uH [ m? av;av;eufeuf? us,fus,fjyefYjyefY uHjzpfae ygw,f/ em;vnfygaemf/ NyD;awmh wae&mrSm uH qkdwJh Opm[m csufjcif;tusdK;ray;ygbl;/ apmapmuvdk tck xrif;csuf awmfMum xrif; pm;&w,f/ 'DvdktusdK;rsdK;r[kwfygbl;/ e[d y gyH uwH u r H ? oZ K cD & H 0 rk p wd / ![EH Amv raEGwd? bo p a E m 0 yg0aum/ 'DuqwOpmudk EGm;EdOyrm owdxm; H kd hJ Yk vduprf;yg/ EGm;Ed[m csujf cif;tcknp-csujf cif; k f Yk f EdkUcsOfrjzpfbl;? 'Dvdkrjzpfbl;? tckEdkYnpfw,f ('D twdkif;bJ aeao;w,f)/ aemufawmhrS tcsOf "mwfcHygwJh tdk;rsm;udkajymif;vkduf? 'grSr[kwf tcsOf"mwfawGbmawG-xnfhvkduf? 'grSr[kwf &ufuav;enf;enf;Mumvdu?f tJ'vrS EGm;Ed[m k h D kd Yk csOfwJhtjzpfrsdK; ajymif;oGm;w,f/ wpfjcm;EGm;EdkY awmhr[kwfbl;/ 'DEGm;EdkYudk tckevdkvkyfrS EGm;EdkY csOfjzpfoGm;w,f/ csufjcif;EGm;EdkYrcsOfygbl;/ uH u vnf ; bJ csuf j cif ; tusd K ;ray;ygbl ; / tck uH j yKw,f / tck t usd K ;ray;ygbl ; / raumif ; rI uH u ? aumif ; rI u H x J r S m awmh aomwmyw d r *f ? aomwmyw d z d k v f csufcsif;tusdK;ay;w,f/ bk&m;a[mwmu tukodkvfuH csufcsif;tusdK; ray;bl;ayhgav/ ukovuuawmhcsucsi;f ay;wmvnf;&Sw,f/ kd f H f d csufcsif;ray;wmvnf;&Sdw,f/ csufcsif;ay; wmu avmukw&m psmefwpfckyJ csufcsif; ay;w,f / wpf j cm;[mawG u csuf c sif ; ray; ygbl ; / 'D a wmh wpf c k x yf r S w f & rS m uH [ m csuf c sif ; tusd K ;ray;bl ; / avm uk w & m uH u vG J 'D j yif u H a wG csuf c sif ; tusd K ;ray;bl ; / 'gav;yJ xyf r S w f y g/ uHonfjzpfysufqdkaomfjim;vnf; tusdK;ay; &ef ow d u sef raemykA*Frm wpfck bkef;BuD;ajym r,f/ "rm apwoduf emrfcEmw&m;wdkYonf? y'ka|e= tbdZmtp&Sdaom w&m;wdkYaMumihf ysufp;D aeaom zsuq;D tyfaom? apwomf apwompdwjf zihf apbmowd0g- tu,frlvnf;ajym tHh/ apua&mwd0g= tu,frlvnf;jyKtHh? appdaEwd0g= tu,frlvnf; BuHpnftHh/ k k H wawm= xdoYkd ajymqdjk yKvyBf upnfjcif;aMumih?f eH xdkyk*dKvfodkY? 'kuH=qif;&Jonf/ taEGwdtpOf v d k u f vmavawmh o nf / ud r d 0 tb,fuJhodkYenf;/ 0[awm- vSnf;0efudk aqmifaeaom EGm;\? y'H-ajc&modkY puHvSnf;bD;onf? taEGwdwd-tpOfvdkufae ouJownf;/ h Ykd bkef;BuD;wdkY vSnf;wyfxm;wJhEGm;? vSnf;0efBuD;udk aqmifNyD;awmhoGm;awmh? ol&JU ajc&may:rSm vSnf;bD;u tNrJvkdufNyD; eif;ae ovdkbJ? tukodkvfuHuvnf;yJ tusdK;ay;vdkY rNy;D rcsi;f ? tukovujH yKwv&UJ aemufukd tNrJ kd f hJ l wrf;vkdufNyD;awmhaew,f/ csufcsif;r[kwfbl;/ aemufuvkdufaew,f/ tusdK;ay;cGihf&&if ay;

29

rvdYk aemufuvduaew,f/ ukovuuvnf; k f kd f H 'D v d k y J a emuf u vl o G m ;wJ h a e&mrS m t&d y f aemuf u vd k u f a eovd k y J ? uk o d k v f u H a wG u aemuf u vk d u f N yD ; awmh a ewmyJ ? pOf ; pm;zd k Y tifrwefaumif;w,faemf/ pOf;pm;vdkY jyKcsif p&mBuD;/ (&Sdr&Sdudk oihfroifhudk b,fvdkpOf;pm; &r,f)/ ukodkvfjzpfjzpf? tukodkvfjzpfjzpf csuf csi;f Bu;D tusKd ;ray;ygbl;/ aemufuvduNf y;D awmh k aeovdygyJ/ 'Dawmh bke;f Bu;D wdu xyfNy;D awmh k Yk pOf;pm;&r,f/ bkef;BuD;uawmh 'gudka[mae w,f/ ay;aew,f? urf;aew,f? bkef;BuD;u ayghayhguav; oGm;aew,frxifeJY/ pmu 'Dvdk &Sw,f/ ajymHerNy;D bl;/ xyfxyf xyfxyfNy;D awmh d k YJ bkef;BuD;udk,fwdkif pOf;pm;w,f/ oE m aewH ur H e mr? eed k Z wd oA a om? o0d a ooH ed a "wG m yd ? or,rSD 0dypdwHk/ urypnf; u@/ uH[m bkef;BuD; oEmefrSmjzpfw,f/ tm;vHk;y&dowfoEmefrSm jzpfw,f/ uHjzpfNyvqawmh b,fE,vJ bk&m;? D Ykd kd S fh jzpfysur[kwvm;wJ/ jzpfysuqv&&if uH[m f f h f kd Ykd dS jzpfysuf [kwfoGm;wmyJ? kyfemrf ur|mef; e,fuaeNyD;awmhMunhf jzpfysufyJwJh? uHvnf; emrfw&m; r[kwfvm;/ [kwfw,f? 'gjzihf jzpf ysufyJ/ jzpfysufqdkwJh uHw&m;u b,fES,hf [dkaemufuvdkufaezdkY vdkao;vJ/ EGm;aemufu EG m ;&J U ajc&mud k vS n f ; bD ; eif ; vd k u f a eovd k vdkufzdkYvdkao;ovJ/ vlYaemufu t&dyfygae ovdk 'Duu t&dyygaezdvao;ovJ/ jzpfysuf H f Yk kd yJ? jzpfysufyJ? 'Dvdkvkdufaew,f/ oEmae- ow0gwdkY oEmef? {wH urH emr- aumif;aumif;qdk;qdk; trsdK;rsdK;zef? uH[kac:dk; apwemrsdK;onf? edkZrmeHtaMumif;tm;avsmpm csKyaysmuf oGm;&onf f G f &Saomf? oAaom- <uif;rJOHk t&Seueatmif d h d f k f vHk;pHkcyif; rcsef>cif;bJ? eed k Z wd - NyD ; NyD ; aysmufaysmuf taea&mufatmif csKyfaysmuf ysup;D tcsn;f ES;D rjzpfMuacsw/ [kwygw,f? f hJ f odkYayr,fhvdkY NyD;NyD;aysmufaysmuf? bmrSrusef atmif? 'DvdkcsKyfoGm;wmr[kwfygbl;/ or,rSd taMumif;oihf tcGifhoifh&m tcg? 0dypd wHk- qdkif&m aumif;usdK;qdk;usdK;udk ay;jcif;iSm? o0daooH- rdrdtwGufom rysufomatmif xuf p G m uspf v pf o w d E S p f u d k ? ed " gaywG m ruif;trSef? t&if;cHzdkY oGif;ESHjrKyfxm;NyD;om vQifjzpfayawmh\..../ t&SifZeumbd0Ho (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

30

"r0D&onf pdwfESvHk;ESifhb0udk Nidrf;csrf;aponf/

oDvrd;pufyifh k G

avQmufaomvrf;uav; raysmufapcsif

lyaA' bmom&yfrSm vm;&mbufygaom a&GUvsm;rIrSef orQ ta&GU(odkYr[kwf)tvkyfvdkY ac:w,fvdkY qkygw,f/ d OD;wnfzuf vm;&m&SdrSomvQif a&GU vsm;rItxajrmuf tvkyfjzpfygonf[k qdkyg onf/ OD ; wnf & m vrf ; aMumif ; aumif ; aumif;&Sd&rnfjzpfygonf/ bk&m;tqlqlwdkY vdkufawmfrlcJhaom vrf ; onf wpf v rf ; wnf ; omjzpf y gonf / xdkvrf;odkY vdkufrSom rkcstrSef csrf;omcHpm;& rnfjzpf rvduorm oHo&m0JMoCwGif w0J k f l S vnfvnfepfaeygOD;rnf/ yGiawmfrNl y;D aom bk&m;tqlqw\ fh l Ykd wpfckwnf;avQmufvSrf;cJhaomvrf;rSm ab; tpGe;f ESpyg;uif;\/ wif;vGe;f aom vrf;vnf; f r[k w f ? avsmh v G e f ; aomvrf ; vnf ; r[k w f ? ravsmhrwif;? apmif;BudK;nif;uJhodkY tv,f tvwf? rwif;vGef; ravsmhvGef;aom rZdr y#dy'gvnf;jzpfygonf/ ]edAmeftrSefqdkufa&muf&m? odyg,f? qdkuf? yGm;} t& 'kuudkodjcif;? ork',udky,f jcif;? eda&m"udk rsufarSmufjyKjcif;? r*opmudk yGm;rsm;&efyifjzpfygonf/ (wpfenf;) opm(4)yg; w&m;udo usi,jl cif; k d fh yifjzpfygonf/ xdkopm(4)yg;udkod? 'ku taygif;rS vGwfajrmuf&m r*if(8)yg; vrf; aMumif;jzihf wnhfrwfajzmihfrSefpGm oGm;jcif;jzpf ygonf/ opm(4)yg;udk od&m (1) 'k u o p m = qif ; &J j cif ; trS e f w &m;ud k od j cif ; (jzpf ' k u ? ysuf ' k u y d k i f ; jcm;? od o nf h t &m) (2) ork ' ,op m =qif ; &J j cif ; jzpf a Mumif ; ? trS e f w&m;ud k o d j cif ; (wPS m ? avmbud k y,f o wf & rnf u d k od o nf h t &m) (3) ed a &m"op m ='k u c yf o d r f ; csKyf N id r f ; &m ed A m ef u d k od j cif ; (rsuf a rS m uf j yK&rnh f w&m;) (4)r*opm='kucyfodrf;csKyfNidrf;jcif;aMumif; ork ' ,ud k y ,f a Mumif ; tusih f r S e f w &m; (r* i f 8 yg;)

'kucyfor;f csKyNf ir;f vGwajrmuf&mvrf; (yGm;rsm; d d f &onfhw&m;)ponfwdkYudk odrSwfusihfBuH&rnf jzpfonf/ xdkodkYodNyD;(1) orm'd|d= aumif;aomt,l(tjrif) (2) ormouFy= aumif;aomtBuH (3) orm0g,mr= aumif;pGmtm;xkwfjcif; (4) ormowd= aumif;pGmatmufarhjcif; (5) ormorm"d= aumif;pGmwnfMunfjcif; (6) orm0gpm= aumif;pGmajymqdkjcif; (7) ormurE= aumif;pGmjyKvkyfjcif; (8) ormtmZD0= aumif;pGmtoufarG;jcif; wdkYudk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf/ vrf ; aMumif ; wpf c k w nf ; jzih f OD;wnf edAmefrsufarSmufjyK&ef avQmufvSrf; ygonf/ xdkwpfckwnf;aom vrf;aMumif;jzihf a&S;olwdkY oGm;onfhtwdkif; oGm;ol roGm;ol? vdkufol? rvdkufolwdkYESihf ywfouf *Puarm*vme ykPm;u bk&m;&Sifudk odkY avQmufxm;ygonf/ ]tdk Ak' t&Sib&m; a*gwr-t&Si\ f k f tqHk;trudk emcHoltm;vHk; edAmef&Muygo vm;? tcsKd Ur&bJ&MdS uygovm;} vdYk avQmufxm; ygw,f/ f ]tcsdKU&\? tcsdKUr&? toifykPm;}

[k ajzawmfrlygw,f/ 'gjzihf&if t&Sifbk&m; xyfrH avQmuf wifygOD;rnf/ ]edAmefuvnf; txift&Sm;&S?d edAmef a&mufaMumif;vrf;uvnf;&Sd? edAmefa&muf aMumif;enf;,l vrf;jy t&Sia*gwrAk'vnf;&Sd f ygvsuf bmaMumihf..... tcsdKUedAmef& tcsdKUedAmefr&Muyg ovJ t&Sifbk&m;} [k xyfrHavQmufwifvdkuf ygw,f/ ]'gqd k & if a wmh igbk & m; oih f u d k y J jyefar;&OD;rnf/ oifBuKd uovdk ajzMunfyg} [k f h rdefYMum;NyD;]toifykPm; oif&mZN*dK[fjynfoGm; wJhvrf;udk odovm;} ]odygw,fbk&m;} ]od&if vlwpfa,mufa,mufu &mZ N*dK[fjynfoGm;wJhvrf;udk Tefjyay;ygvdkY ar;vm &if b,fuae b,fvdk b,fodkYoGm; TefjyNyD;? a&mufr,hfae&m oifajymjyEkdifayvdrhfrnf} wpf O D ; u oif T e f M um;&mr[k w f vrf;vTJvkduf c&D;raygufa&mufbJ aemufodkY jyefvm&w,f/ wpfOD;uawmh oifTefovdk oGm;vkdY qduquNf rKd uNf rKd uf vd&ma&mufw,f? tJ'awmh k f kd k D

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

"r0D&onf avmuD avmukw&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/ &mZN*d K [f j ynf o G m ;wJ h v rf ; vnf ; txift&Sm;&Sd Tefjyol oifvnf; txift&Sm; &Sdvsuf wpfa,mufu a&mufNyD; wpfa,muf u ra&mufwm bmaMumihfvJ toifykPm;} [k ar;vdkufygw,f/ ykPm;u ]tJ'gawmh wynhfawmf bmwwfEkdif rSmvJ? wynhfawmfu vrf;TefomvQifjzpfyg w,f} [k jyefvnfavQmufxm;vkdufavonf/ ]at; ykPm; edAmefvnf;&Sd? edAmefodkY a&muf&ef oGm;&rnfhvrf;vnf;&Sd? TefMum;ol igbk&m;vnf;&Sdvsuf wpfcsdKUa&mufNyD; wpfcsdKU ra&mufygu igbk&m;vnf; bmwwfEkdifygYrvJ igbk & m;um; enf ; vrf ; ay; T e f M um;ol jzpfygw,f} vdkY ajzawmfrlvdkufygw,f/ xdkYaMumihfudpwpfckudk vkyfaqmif&m vdk&mNyD;ajrmufzdkY vrf;jyol&Sdaomfvnf; udk,fwdkifrvdkufem rvkyfaqmifygu vm;&m bufrygaom ta&GUuJoYkd tvkyjf zpfrnfr[kwf h yg/ vm;&mbuf ? OD ; wnf c suf & S d & mod k Y rS e f u ef p G m a&G U vsm;rS o m tvk y f j zpf r nf / w&m;tar;tajzu vSp[azmfxwjf yvduf f k k ygayNyD? uREfkyfwdkY vlom;rsm;onf avmuD avmukwfESpfjzmtvkyf OD;wnfcsufvm;&m rSeuefzYkd Tejf yol vrf;Tecsutwdi;f aoao f f f k csmcsm rdrd&& avQmufvSrf;MurnfqdkygvQif vm;&mzufraysmufojzihf avQmuf aomvrf;odkY trSefyif a&mufMuygvdrhfrnf? xdktcg vdk&mNyD;ajrmuf c&D;a&mufygvdrhfrnf vm;&mbuf r rsm;apa&; rrJ h a pa&;twG u f avQmufaomvrf;av; prf;w0g;0g; rjzpfap&ef raysmufysufap&ef Tef;qdkvdkuf&ygonf/ bmbJvkyfvkyf bmyJajymajym bmbJBuHBuH avQmufaomvrf;uav; raysmuf apcsif? OD;wnfcsufrSef? vm;&mrSef vSrf;tm;om&ef owda&SUxm;? a&GUvsm;oGm;&efyif r[kwfygvm;/ oD v rd k ; puf y G i h f

31

tvuFmynm&SdESpfOD;(34)
a':av;aiGpEm
&Sifem*aoeu ]]rif;jrwf twl omvQif tcga&mufrS vHkYvxkwfjcif;onf vdktyfaom trIYudpNyD;pD;Ekdif\}} vdkY rdefYawmf rlajzMum;vdkufygw,f/ rdvdErif;BuD;u tJ'D OyrmeJY tm;r&vdkY aemufxyf OyrmeJY ajzzdkY awmif;yefavQmufxm;vdkY &Sifem*aoeu ]]rif;jrwf tMuif tcg oifrif;jrwfonf qmavmifonfjzpf&m \/ xdktcgrS oifonf xrif;udk pm;tHh[k v,fudk xGef,ufap&moavm? oav;pyg;udk pdkufysKd;ap&moavm? pyg;udk aqmifap&m oavmvdYk ar;wJtcg rdvErif;Bu;D u csucsi;f h d f ]]t&Sib&m; r[kwyg}} vdYk avQmufxm;ygw,f/ f k f &Sifem*aoeu ]rif;jrwf twlomvQif tcsdeftcga&mufrS vHkYvxkwfjcif;onf vdktyf aomtrIuprNy;D pD;Eki?f (tcgra&mufr)BuKd wif Y d d D vHkYvxkwfjcif;onf vdktyfaom trIYudpNyD;pD; Ekdif\}} vdkY rdefYawmfrlajzMum;ygw,f/ rdvdErif;BuD;u &Sifem*aoetm; aemufxyfOyrmjyKNyD;a[mzdkY awmif;qdkjyefa&m wJhuG,f/ &Sifem*aoeu ]]rif;jrwf tMuif tcg oifrif;jrwftm; ppfwdkuf&ef tcGihfBuHK BudKufvmonfjzpf&m\/ xdktcgrS oifrif;jrwf onf usHK;ajrmif;udkwl;ap&moavm? wHwdkif;? wH c g; rk c f ? jytd k ; ud k jyKvk y f a p&moavm? &dumpyg;udk aqmifoGif;ap&moavm? xdktcg rS oifrif;jrwfonf qifp;D twwfukd oifap&m oavm? jrif;pD;twwf? &xm;pD; twwf? av;ypftwwf? "m;vSHtwwfudk oifap&m oavm}} vdkY ar;&if; Oyrmudk ajzMum;wmrdkY rdvdErif;BuD;uvnf; rqdkif;rwG ]]t&Sifbk&m; r[kwfyg}} vdkY cyfoGufoGuf ajzvdkufwmeJY &Sif em*aoeu xyfNyD; ]]rif;jrwf twlomvQif tcga&mufrS vHkYvxkwfjcif; onf vdktyfaom trIYudp rNyD; pD;Edkif? (tcgra&mufrD) BudKwif vHkYvxkwfjcif;onfom vdktyfaomtrIudpudk NyD;pD;Ekdif\/ rif;jrwf jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]ynm&Sd olawmf aumif;onf rdrd\ tusKd;pD;yGm;udk odcJhtHh? xdktpD;tyGm;udk a&S;OD;pGmuyifvQif jyKvkyf&\/ vSnf;orm;\ tBuHtpnfrsKd;jzihf EkefYEkefYaES; aES;tm;rxkwf&m? vSnf;orm;onf nDTwf aom c&D;vrf;rudk zJMuOf rnDTwf aom c&D ; vrf ; qd k ; od k Y armif ; ES i f w uf o G m ;

cifrif&ygaom "rrdwfaqG wlav; wlrav;wdkYa&... 'DwpfcgaqG;aEG;r,fh tvuFmynm&Sd ES p f O D ; &J U pd w f 0 if p m;p&m taMumif ; t&m uawmh vHv0D&,xkwjf cif;qdk wJh taMumif;eJY Yk d ywfoufygw,f/ ar;cGef;awGudk qufwdkuf ar;wJh rdvdErif;BuD;u ar;zdkY tNrJwuf<u aeovd k a jzzd k Y tqif o ih f j zpf a ewJ h &S i f e m*aoeuvnf ; wuf < u&T i f v ef ; ae ygw,f/ tckvnf; aqG;aEG;yGJtprSm rdvdE rif;BuD;u= ]]t&Sifbk&m; em*aoe 0#fqif;&J onf tb,fodkYaomenf;jzihf csKyf&mtHhenf;? wpfyg;aom qif;&Jonfvnf; rjzpfay:&mtHh enf;}} [k BuHpnf igwdkY\ &[ef;tjzpfonf qdcNhJ y;D aom tusK;d &S\[k ,ciftar;tajz k d aqG;aEG;cef;rsm; t&Sifbk&m;wdkY rdefYqdkawmfrl cJhukef\/ tcGihf tcga&mufrSom vHkYvxkwf oihfygonfr[kwfygavm}} vdkY ar;avQmufyg w,f/ &Sifem*aoeax&fu]]rif;jrwf tcGihftcg tcsdefa&mufrS vHkYvxkwfjcif;onf vdktyfaom trIudp rNyD; pD;Ekdif (tcGihfra&mufrD)BudKwifvHkYvxkwfjcif; onf trIYudpNyD;pD;Ekdif\}} vdkY ajzqdkygw,f/ rd v d E r if ; BuD ; u &S i f e m*aoeud k OyrmjyKNy;D ajzay;zdvuftycsND y;D avQmufawmh Yk k f &Sifem*aoeu ]]rif;jrwf xdkt&mudk tb,f odkY rSwfxifoenf;? oifrif;jrwfonf a&rGwf odyfaom tcgrS ]]a&aomuftHh}} [k a&wGif;udk wl;ap&moavm? a&uefukd wl;ap&m oavm}} vdYk ar;wJtcgrSm rdvErif;Bu;D u oGuvufpm h d f G eJY ]]t&Sifbk&m; r[kwfyg a&iwfrS a&wGif; a&uefudk rwl;ap&myg}} vdkYavQmuf vdkufyg w,f/

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

32

"r0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/ ajzygw,f/ &Siem*aoeu rif;Bu;D &JU tajzudk f auseyfpGmeJY ]]rif;jrwf twlomvQif jyKcJh aom uHaMumihf i&Jol ow0gwdkYonf rsm;pGm aomESpftaxmifwdkYywfvHk; i&J avmifuRrf; ukefaomfvnf; aMunufjcif;odkY ra&mufukef? rif;jrwf jrwfpmbk&m;onf i&Joow0gwdtm; G l Yk tMuifrQavmuf umvywfvHk; xdkraumif;rI uHonf ukefjcif;odkY ra&mufay/ xdkrQavmuf aom umvywfv;kH i&Jol ow0gwdonfrao}} Yk [k a'oem awmfuvnf; a[mawmfronf}} kd l vdkY rdefYMum;vdkufygw,f/ rdvErif;Bu;D u ]]t&Sib&m; xdxuf d f k Yk tvGef OyrmjyKawmfrygOD;avmh}} vdYk avQmufwhJ l cPrS m yJ &S i f e m*aoeu jcaoF h r wd k Y o nf vnf ; aumif ; ? usm;rwd k Y o nf v nf ; aumif ; ? usm;opfrwdkYonfvnf;aumif;? acG;rwdkYonf vnf;aumif;? Murf;wrf;aom xdktom;wdkYudk pm;Muonfr[kwfavm}} vdkY ar;vdkufygw,f/ rd v d E r if ; BuD ; u ]]t&S i f b k & m; [k w f y g\ pm;Muyguk e f \ }} vd k Y avQmuf y gw,f / t&Sifem*aoeuqufNyD; ]]xdkMurf;wrf;aom tdk;tom;wdkYonf xdkjcaoFhrpaom toD;oD; wd\ 0rf; tltwGi;f odYk a&mufueonf&aomf Yk k f dS aMunufjcif;odkY a&mufukefonfr[kwfavm}} vdYk ar;jyefygw,f/ rdvErif;Bu;D u ]]t&Sib&m; d f k [kwyg\? aMunufjcif;odYk a&mufueyg\}} vdYk f k f ajzygw,f / &S i f e m*aoeuxyf N yD ; awmh ]]xdkjcaoFhrponfwdkY\ 0rf;&Sdaom udk,f0ef onfvnf; aMunufjcif;odYk a&mufoavm}} vdYk ar;vduwtcgrSmawmh rdvErif;Bu;D u ]]t&Sif k f hJ d bk & m; aMunuf j cif ; od k Y ra&muf y g}} vd k Y csufcsif;ajzvdkufygw,f/ wpfzef &Sifem*aoe u ]]tb,faMumihf aMunufjcif;odkY ra&muf ygoenf;}} vdkY ar;wJhtcgrSm rdvdErif;BuD;u tenf;i,fpOf;pm;NyD;rS ]]t&Sifbk&m; jyKcJhaom uH a Mumih f aMunuf j cif ; od k Y ra&muf y g[k rSwfxifygonf}} vdkY ajymvdkufygw,f/ &Sifem* aoeu ]]rif;jrwf twlomvQif jyKcJhaom uHaMumihf i&JrS ow0gwdkYonf rsm;pGmaom ESpaxmifwywfv;kH i&J avmifuRr;f ukeaomf f Ykd f vnf; aMunufjcif;odkY ra&mufukef}} vdkY ajym vduygowJu,/ k f h G f &S i f e m*aoeu ]rif ; jrwf El ; nH h odrfarGUaom a,meu wdkif;olwdkYonfvnf; aumi;f? El;nHhodrfarGUaom cwd,trsKd;orD;wdkY onfvnf;aumif;? El;nHhodrfarGUaom jA[P trsKd;orD;wdkYonfvnf;aumif;? El;nHhodrfarGU aom *[ywd trsKd;orD;wdkYonfvnf;aumif; Murf;wrf;aom cJz,tom;wdukd pm;ukeonf G f Yk f r[kwfavm}} vdkY ar;awmh rdvdErif;BuD;u ]]t&Sifbk&m; [kwfyg\? pm;ygukef\}} vdkY ajzygw,f/ tJ'D aemufrSm &Sifem*aoeu xdkrdef;rwdkY\ 0rf; &Sdaom ukd,f0efaomfum; aMunufjcif;odkY a&mufoavm}} vdkY ar;awmh rdvdErif;BuD;u ]]t&Sifbk&m; udk,f0efonf aMunufjcif;odkY ra&mufEkdifyg}} vdkY ajzvdkuf ygw,f/ wpfzef &Sifem*aoeu ]tb,f taMumif;aMumihf aMunufjcif;odkY ra&mufEkdif oenf;}} vdkY ar;jyefvdkufwJh tcgrSmawmh rdvErif;Bu;D u ]t&Sib&m; jyKcaom uHaMumihf f d f k hJ aMunufjcif;odkY ra&muf Ekdifyg[k rSwfxifyg onf} vdkY ajzMum;vdkufjyefygw,f/ ]]rif;jrwf twlomvQif jyKcJhaom uHaMumihf i&Jolow0gwdkYonf rsm;pGmaom ESpftaxmifwdkY ywfvHk; i&J avmifuRrf;ukef aomfvnf; aMunufjcif;odkY ra&mufukef? rif;jrwf? jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ]]tMuifrQavmuf aom umvywfvHk; xdki&Jol ow0gwdkY rao}} [k a'oemawmfudkvnf; a[mMum;tyf\} vdkY &Snfvsm;wJh tajzpum;udk rdefYMum;vdkufwJh aemufrSmawmh rdvdErif;BuD;u auseyftm;& wJhtoHeJY ]t&Sifbk&m; em*aoe oihfavsmf avsmufywfygay\} vdYk ajymvduygowJu,/ k f h G f y&dowfBuD;uvnf; om"koHk;Budrfac:vkdufyg owJ/ h uJ ynm&SdESpfOD;&JU aqG;aEG;cef;udk 'DrSmbJ acw&yfem;MuygpdkY/ i&JeJY raumif;rI jyKvkyfolawG&JU uHMurmu aMumufp&mBuD;yg uvm;qdkwmeJY i&JrD;&JU avmifuRrf;yHktwdkif; twmudk od&om;MuygNyaygYaemf? raumif;rIawG dS G D udk odNyD;wJhtcsdefupNyD; a&SmifMuOfMuzdkYeJY aumif;rIawGudk wwfEkdifoavmuf aqmif&Guf MuzdkY pdwfxm;awGudkvJ jyKjyifNyD; jzLpif jrihfjrwf atmifaeMuygpdkYvdkY a':av; wdkufwGef;csifyg w,f/ aemufwpfBudrfrSm edAmeftaMumif;udk aqG;aEG;MurSmrdYk apmiharQmMf uygOD;vdYk ajym&if;eJY f wlav; wlrav;wdkYwpfawG tm;vHk; ukodkvfeJY tukodkvfw&m;awGudk cGJjcm;NyD; t0dZmrS 0dZm? arm[rS tarm[? avmbrS tavmbtp&Sd wJh w&m;todawGeJY udavomw&m;awGudk z,f&Sm;vdkY trSefw&m;udk odjrifvmEkdifwJh o'g Munfvif&iyswhJ Ak'bmom0ifawGjzpfMuygap T f vdYk qkreaumif;awGukd awmif;ay;vduyg&ap/ G f k f a':av;aiG p E m usrf;ukd;/ rdvdEyOmusrf;

onf&Sdaomf 0ifdk;usKd;vsuf om BuHrdIif&&Sm bdouJhokdY twlvlrdkufonf olawmfaumif; q&mrS zJMuOf rolawmf w&m;odkY tpOfvkduf onf&Sd aomf aorif;\ cHwGif;0odkY a&muf& onfjzpf pdk;&drfylaqG;&\}} [k w&m; a'oemud k v nf ; a[mtyf \ ? tJ ' D t cgrS m rdvErif;Bu;D &JU auseyftm;&vSpm t&Sib&m; df G f k em*aoe oihfavsmfavsmufywf ygay\}}vdkY qdwtoHuxGuay:vmygowJu,/ k hJ f h G f rdvErif;Bu;D u ]]t&Sib&m; em*ao d f k e t&S i f b k & m;wd k Y o nf ]]jyuawh i &J r D ; u vGeverif;rif; ylavmif\? jyuawh rD; ypfcs f G f tyfaom ao;i,faom ausmufconf wpfaeY J ywfvHk; avmifuRrf;oGm;aomfvnf; aMunuf jcif ; od k Y ra&muf E k d i f ? od r f t xG w f r Q&S d a om ausmufcyifjzpfaomfvnf; i&Jr;D xnhcaomf J f hJ wpfcPjcif;jzihfyif aMunufjcif;odkY a&mufEkdif \}} [k rdefYqdkMuygukef\/ xdkpum;udk tuREfkyf r,H k M unf E k d i f y g/ xd k Y t jyif v nf ; i&J r D ; avmifuRr;f ukevsuf aMunufjcif;odYk ra&muf f ukef[k odkYvnf; t&Sifbk&m;wdkY qdkawmfrlMu ukefao;\/ xdkpum;udkvnf; tuREfkyfr,Hk MunfEkdifyg}} vdkY avQmufygowJh/ &Sifem*aoerax&fu ]]ru&f;rwdkY onfvnf;aumif; rdausmif;rwdkYonfvnf; aumif;? vdyfrwdkYonfvnf;aumif;? Oa'gif;r wdkYonfvnf;aumif;? cdkrwdkYonfvnf;aumif; Murf ; wrf ; uk e f a om ausmuf c J w d k Y u d k j zpf a p? ausmufp&pfcJwdkYudkjzpfap pm;rsKdMuukefonf r[kwfavm}} vdkY ar;vdkufwJhtcgrSm rdvdE rif;BuD;u vuftkyfav;csDNyD;awmh ]]t&Sif bk & m; [k w f y g\ pm;rsKd M uyguk e f \ }} vd k Y avQmufvuygw,f/ t&Siem*aoeu xyfNy;D kd f f awmh ]]xdausmufcwonf xdru&f;rponfwYkd k J Ykd k \ 0rf;tltwGif;odkY a&mufukefonf&Sdaomf aMunufjcif;odkY a&mufukefonfr[kwfavm}} vdkY ar;jyefygw,f/ rdvdErif;BuD;uvJ wpfzef ]]t&S i f b k & m; [k w f y g\? aMunuf j cif ; od k Y a&muf y guk e f \ }} vd k Y ajzygw,f / wpf z ef &Sifem*aoeu ]]xdkru&f;rponfwdkY\ 0rf; &Sdaom udk,f0efonfvnf; aMunufjcif;odkY a&mufygoavm}} vdYk ar;vduwtcgrSm rdvE k f hJ d rif;BuD;u csufcsif;yJ ]]t&Sifbk&m; xdkudk,f0ef onf aMunufjcif;odY k ra&mufEiyg}} vdY k ajzygw,f/ dk f ]tb,f a Mumih f aMunuf j cif ; od k Y ra&mufoenf;}} vdkY rdvdErif;BuD;udk ar;awmh rdvdErif;BuD;u wpfcsufpOf;pm;NyD;rS ]]t&Sif bk&m; jyKcJhaomuHaMumihf aMunufjcif;odkY ra&muf&m[k atmufarhrSwfxifygonf}} vdkY

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf avmuNidrf;csrf;rItwGuf jzpfonf/

33

rJxD;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ ax&0g' omoemquf tvif;jy0Ho'DyeD

awmif i l o H C &mZmomoemyd k i f awmifilNrdKUrSmvnf; ou&mZf 847-ckwGif rif;BuD;ndK r[m oD&daZ,sol&trnfudkcH rif;jyKonf? xdkrif;vufxuf [Hom0wD ok 0 P a ombPrax&f E S i f h oD [ d k V f u Ref ; u twl w uG v maom &S i f ' d 0 gu&rax&f awmif i l o d k Y a &muf v Qif r[moD & d a Z,sol & u yifhzdwf 'Gg&m0wDNrdKUxdyfwGif ausmif;aqmuf udk;uG,fawmfrlonf? xdausmif;udvnf;f oD[Va&mufausmif;[kwionf? awmifiNl rKd UwGivnf; k k kd f G f f rax&ftEG,quf ax&0g'jzpfatmifowoif w0wnf;jzpfonf f k f ESifh [Hom0wDjynf &mrm"dywdrif;rS ajcmufqufajrmuf ou&mZf 901-ckwGif wyifa&TxD;[Hom0wDNrdKUudktESpf 20-rif;jyKonf? jrpf taemufbuf rGefausmif;&yfudk ausmif;&H 70-ESifhwuGaqmufNyD;vQif r[m0d[m&0goDtEG,quf 0denf;usr;f t|uxmESihf wuG aqmif&uf f G aom rGeo'rygvud]k ] r[moHC&mZm}}[laom emrHwqyEih f vSLawmfronf/ f H dfS l rif ; w&m;a&T x D ; ES i h f &if p nf ; &[ef ; rsm; vSLawmfrNl y;D onfaemuf rif;w&m;a&Tx;D onf ou&mZf 910h ckwGif ,dk;',m;odkY csDvkyfBuHvQif atmifjrifawmfrlqif? jrif;Adkvfyg rSp xkw,c&mwGif &ifpnf;&[ef; oHCmygvmojzifh wvdi;f jynfwif f l hJ k G wGitp &ifpnf;ay:onf? ,d;k ',m;jynfum; a,meu wdi;f jzpfonf? f k xdkwdkif;odkY omoemawmf 236-ckwGif &Sifarm*vdykwwdax&fonf "r&udwrax&fuapvTw omoemjyKpaponfEihf 0dbZ0g'D0e,"& kd f k S d omoemawmf apmifhxdef;Mu tEG,ftqufjzpfcJhNyD; onf aemuf omoemawmf 600=ausmf? 700- cefYwGif "r0g'Dtm;enf; t"r0g'D tm;Bu;D jyefavaomf oD[VuRe;f bkr&mZm"dywdvufxuf &[ef;oHCm kd f d f wdkYonf tvZDomrsm;jym;ojzifh yg#vdykwfjynf &Sifa,mifuJhodkY 0wfHkjcif; azmufjyef y&rwdavmurif;vufxuf ,dk;',m;jynfodkY a&muf a vonf / ,d k ; ',m;jynf u [H o m0wD o d k Y rif ; w&m;a&T x D ; vufxuf &if;pnf;&[ef;taygif; a&mufvmonf/ [Hom0wD r[moHC&mZmESifh w&m;aqG;aEG;ar;jref;MuvQif oarm*obm*rwl t,l0g'uGJjym;onfjzpf uHBuD;uHi,frpyfr&Suf *dkPf;jcm;jyK aeavonf? rif;w&m;a&TxD;r&SdvQif ou&mZf 914ckwGifqifjzL&Sifrif;w&m;BuD; [Hom0wDwGif tkyfpdk;pHavonf? rif; tjzpfoYkd a&mufcvQif r[m0d[m&0goD tEG,tquf auwkrwDNrKd UrSm hJ f crnf;awmfq&m &Sifo'rygvudk aZw0ef ausmif;&HoHk;q,fESifhwuG aqmufvkyf wifvSLonf/ qif j zL&S i f r if ; &S r f ; jynf omoemjyKjcif ; ou&mZf 916-ckwGif oD[dk#fuRef;udk tpdk;&aom bkrd&mZm "dywdrif;vufxufu onf rif;oHk;qufav;qufwdkifatmif omoem awmf wd r f ; ,d r f ; avonf h t&mud k ] ]oD [ d k V f u Ref ; "r y gvrif ; u omoemjyKpkyg}} [l avQmufvmaomaMumifh yd#uwfoHk;yHkESifhwuG pG,fawmfjrwfudk ylaZmf&efESifh ul;&onf? tkef;abmif? rdk;rdwf paom &Sr;f jynfwpfwefrm rdpm'd|t,lwjYkd zifh apmfbm;wd,onfukd jrpfawmfr f S d G Yk l l ygVd? t|uxm? #Dumuseaom t&d,moHCmawmf wdkUudkawmif;yef yd#uwfoHk;yHkESifhwuG y&d,wd omoem? y#dywdomoemwnfvQif apmfbGm;wdkYudk tyfudk;uG,f&onf/ xdkNrdKUae&Gmom;udkvnf; yOoD? t|oD? 'ooD-cH w&m; em&onf ? rd k ; aumif ; rd k ; n i f ; paomok e my&E w d k i f ; ?rd k ; NAJ ? anmif a &T paom uarmZwdkif;? Zif;r,f? BudKifoif;paom [&dykOwdkif;wdkYodkYcsD ESdrfESif;NyD;vQif rdpm'd|dt,ludk y,fap orm'd|dt,ludk ,lapNyD;vQif ygVdd? t|uxmuseaom t&d,moHCm awmfjrwfwdkYudk awmif;yef yd#uwfoHk;yHktpHkESifh wuG apmfbGm;wdkYudktyfESHudk;uG,faponf? xdkNrdKU xdk&Gmom;wdkYudkvnf; yOoD? tXoD? 'ooDcH,laponf/ xdkNrdKUxdk&Gmom;wdkYudkvnf; r*"bmomuseatmifoifapNyD; omraPyOif; cHaponf? ppfudkif;t&yf wdyk*dKvftm; a&Tausmif; aqmufvy vSLawmfronf? yd#uwfo;kH yHuvnf; t|uxm? #DumESihf k f l k kd wuG tyf wynfhoHCmwdkYudk ydkYooifMum;&ef awmif;yef oHCm awmf 205-usywuyo oifMum;awmfronf? wHwm;OD;ta&SU a&ozef; d f Ydk kd Ykd l bk&m;&ifjyifwGif o'r'd0gu&yk*dKvftm; ausmif;&HESifhwuG a&Tausmif; aqmuf vSLawmfronf? yd#uwfo;kH yHk ygVd? t|uxm? #DumESihf wuG l tyfawmfrl oHCmawmf 150-wdkYudk ydkYooifMum;&onf/ 'G e f ; pP m ;&[ef ; rsm; ou&mZf 929-ck 0gqdkvwGif oD[dkVf "rygvrif;u pwk r[m&mZfewfrif;av;yg;wkdY vSLaom ausmufoydwfudk q&mbkef;BuD; &Si"r oD&y*Kd vMf urfrwfydvmonf? rZra'o yXr 'kw, wwd, f d k Yk d d o*Fg,wemwifNy;D onfaemuf 236-ckwif aomPax&f Ow&ax&fwYkd h G omoemjyK<uvm omoemawmfwnfNyD;rS [Hom0wDNrdKU rif; 16quftqHk; wd&mZm rif;vufxufwGif omoemawmf 697-ckwGif 'Ge;f p@m;trsK;d rS &[ef;jyKaomolwonf wuRe;f jynfu a&mufvmvQif Ykd wd &mZmrif ; ud k jzm;a,mif ; ojzif f h , H k M unf omoemawmf u d k rif;tmPmESifh zsufqD;avojzifhaemufbk&m; w&m; r[kwfrrSef onfuo 'Ge;f p@m; &[ef;wdUk udp&ifuyny&mwGif tcsKUd xGuajy; kd d k D G f f f oD[#uRe;f odu;l avonf/ kd f Yk 'Gef;pPm;&[ef;wdkY\ tEG,ftquf owd AswdESifh jynffhpHk ojzifh rif;q&mjzpf vQiftb,*d&d*dkPf;oHCmwdkYESifh a&m,SufaxG; rdjyefavaomf xdktquftEG,foHCmawmfwdkYonf vluJhodkY 0wfjcif; Hjk cif;paom azmufjyef bkr&mZm"dywdrif;wdif tvZomyGm;rsm;av d k D onfEihf oD[VuRe;f tvZ&[ef;wdYk ,d;k ',m; jynfoYkd a&mufavonf/ S kd f D f tvZ D t"r 0 g'D * d k P f ; tm;aumif ; jcif ; ,d;k ',m;jynfu [Hom0wDjynfoYkd rif;w&m;a&Gx;D vufxuf T tvZD&if;pnf; 'kuk#fwifa&mufvmonfESifh qifjzL&Sifrif;w&m; vufxufaomfum; *dkPf;tm;BuD;avonf? a&S;"rapwDrif; [Hom0wD NrdKUwGif rif;jyK omoemawmfudk&Sif;vif;onf? aemuftpnf;ta0; w0vnf; r[m0d[m&0goD wpf*dkPf;wnf;om&Sdonf? rif;w&m;a&TxD; vufxuf tvZD t"r0g'D &ifpnf;ay:vmjyefvQif &ifpnf;wpf*dkPf; r[m 0d[m&wpf*kdPf;ESpf*dkPf;uGJcJh qifjzL&Sifrif;w&m;wdkifay:&Sd

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

34

"r0D&onf avmuzGHY NzdK;pnfyifa&;twGuf jzpfonf/ ukvm;ipifumvufxufa&mufvm aomacgif;wifaemufvef S tEG,ftquf oD[dkVfuRef;ujzpfonf? oD[dkVfuRef;wGif bkrd&mZm"dywd rif;vufxuf owd AswEihf jynhpaom &[ef;wpfyg;onf OD;acgif;wGif d S f kH tdkif;temaygufa&mufojzifh OD;acgif;wGif ouFef;zHk;tkyfxm;onf? temNidrf;NyD;onfhaemuf OD;acgif; trm&Gwfravsmufywf&Sdonfudk wumwdkY jyuf&,fjyKMuojzifh &SufpEdk; ouFef;udk OD;acgif;wif &Gm0if &GmxGuom;vmonfukd wynfoCmwdu ]]&Gm0if&mxGuravsmf f G h H Yk G f ravsmufywfyg}}[kavQmufxm;Muaomf *dP;f q&mtBu;D jzpfaomaMumifh k ouFe;f ud;k xnftqH;k tjzwfujkd y]]avsm\}}[kqkd ojzifh jyKusiavonf f hf ESifh aemufom;wynfhwdkYvnf; 0denf; rodrvdrmMuojzifh q&mpOfjy zl;onfudkpGJ acgif;wifaemufvSef*dkPf;jyK oD[dkVfuRef;wGiftprl jzpfavonf ESifhoD[dkVfu tquftEG,f ukvm;ipifumvufxuf a&mufaygufvmvQif acgif;wifaemufvSef udkypfy,f bk&if*sDOD;xkyf jyK ukvm;ipifumrif;ESpfoufatmif usifhaqmifojzifh &mrnwdkif; wd&SavonfEihf ou&mZf 961-ckwif qifye;f usm;atmif;&Savaom Yk d S G k d tif;0NrdKU udkanmif&rf;rif;w&m; wnfaxmifpHaeonf? anmif&rf;rif; w&m; tedpa&mufvQif om;awmf taemufbufvGefrif;jyKonf/ taemufbufvGef rif;w&m;BuD;onf oHvsifpm; ukvm; ipifumudk ou&mZf 974-ckwGifcsDvkyfBuHvQif oHvsifNrdKUESifhwuG &mrnwdkif; wvdkif;oHk;&yfvHk;udk atmifjrifawmfrl tkyfcsKyfpD&ifawmf rlonf? &mrnwdkif; wvdkif;oHk;&yfudk tkyfcsKyfpD&ifvQif jreffrmhOD;pGef; jzpfjyef &wemyl&odkY pmayusrf;*efESifhwuG &[ef;oHCmwdkYa&muf omoemawmf pnfyifxGef;jyefonf? &[ef;oHCmwdkY pm&dwtusifhrSm "r0g'Dtm;enf; t"r0g'Dtm;BuD;avojzihf omoemawmf tnpf taMu; ab;&efq;l ajimifh ozG,q;kd oGr;f aom &Si&[ef;omraPwdayg f f Yk rsm; t"r0g'Dt,lyifazmufjyefavonf? q&mpOfOD;xkyfaqmif; yk*H tif;0 ppfudkif; yef;, odkY qefwuf&Sdavonf/ omvG e f r if ; vuf x uf t0wf t H k a zmuf j yef j cif ; y&d , wd y if & S d a omf v nf ; y#d y wd tusif h y suf j yef a v q&mpOfodkYvdkufom 0Zdwdkif;om;uJhodkY &SdavonfESihf nDawmfomvGef rif;w&m;onf ou&mZf 991-ckwif txGwtjrwfoa&mufawmfrvQif G f Ykd l ou&mZf 998-ckwGif aumif;rIawmf plVmrPdudkwnfonf? ou&mZf 999-ckwif pmayyd#uwfukd pa&;rSwonf? ou&mZf 1000-jynfwif G f h G usr;f *efoifMum;blaom omraPwdukd q&mawmfwYkd ar;jref;&aom Yk omraP 108 yg;udkyOif;cHawmfrlonf/ tif;0 av;xyfausmif;q&m pHausmif;q&mwdonf pmayrSm Yk useawmfrMl u\? tmp&d,0g'rysupmay&d,wfuom tm;xkwawmfrl f kd f Muonf? usrf;*efvm&Sdwdkif; omraPwdkYdudk rusihfraqmif apuef? xdk omraPwd0wfjkH cif;udprm ygVdum&wzufuefawmhwiff 0wfjcif;uJoYkd Yk S h 0wf &ifpD;NyD;vQif avmufaomudk,f0wf vlwdkYuJhodkY tay:jyK &Gm0if&mwGif oGm;vmjcif;udk jyKMuukefonf/ ppfudkif;anmifpnfausmif;ae rif;&JausmfpGmq&m wdyd# umvuFm& yk*dKvf &Sif t&d,0Hoyk*dKvfESpfyg;wdkYvnf; pmoifbuf twljzpfzl;MuonfwGif &Sift&d,0Hoyk*dKvf onf w&m;&Sdwkdif;usihfvdk OD;xkyfrsm;udkcsvdk ppfudkif;rif;0Hawmifzsm;wGif awm0ifawmf rlonf? wdy#umvuFm&yk*Kd vvnf; ausmif;uefrp y&dwowftaygif;wdukd d f S f Yk pGefYcJhNyD;vQif oabmwlav;yg;ESifh 0g;csuftaemufawmifbDvmwGif awm0if w&m;usrf;*ef&Sdwdfkif; usifhawmfrlonf/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

t"r0g'Domtm;BuD;onf? "r0g'Dtm;enf;avonf/ qifjzL&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;vnf; omoemawmf rwnfao;aom t&yfrsm;udomvQif omoemawmfwnfavatmifjyKponf? bk&m;ocif k k tvdawmftod&onf[k t,l0g'nD nGwatmif rokwroif&avonf k Yk dS f f dS ESifh tvZD ayov t"r0g'Domrsm;ukefonf/ r[mOy&mZf r if ; omoemok w f o if j cif ; ou&mZf 943-ckwGifqifjzL&Sif tedpa&muf om;awmf tdrfa&SU r[mOy&mZmrif;jyKawmfrlonf? rif;tjzpfodkYa&mufvQif &mrnwdi;f oDwif;oH;k aeaom &[ef;oHCmwdUk onf O,smOf v,f,m k pdkufysKd;a&mif;0,fjcif; aA'ifwGufjcif;a&T aiGqnf;yl;jcif; uRJ EG m ;arG ; jcif ; uRef a ,musf m ;-uRef r d e f ; rxm;jcif ; &[ef ; wd k Y E S i f h ravsmfravsmufywf&Sdo nfrsm;udk oda wmfrl ou & mZf 955-ck 0gqdvwGif omoemawmfukd okwoif&i;f vif;vdaomaMumifh ed,nf; k f S k uif; raexkdufaom&[ef; ed,nf;t*Fgar; r&aom&[ef;,kwf rsm;udk t0wfvJ vlxGufaponf/ rif;pd;k &mZmpaom vltaygif;wkEihf a&m>yrf;qufqaeaom Yd S H bm;rJhbkef;BuD;wdkYudk ,HkMunfapawmfrrl anmif&rf;NrdKUrSm oDwif; oHk;aeaponf? [Hom0wDjynfudk ou&mZf 958-ckwGif anmif&rf;rif; w&m; Zif;r,frif;w&m; awmifirif;w&m;wdjYkd cm;em;avonf? [Hom0wD l rif;rSmvnf; xdkESpfwGifyifqefpyg; qGHY&Sm; aoaMuysufpD;jcif;rsm;pGm &Sdukefonf? &[ef;oHCmwdkYvnf;w&m;udk a&S;r&IEdkifMuav onfESifh omoemawmfwdrf;,drf;ysufpD;avonf? ou&mZf 960-jynfhwGif awmifilbk&if&cdkif bk&ifwkdYaygif; vkyfBuHavaomf [Hom0wDjynf ysu [Hom0wD Oy&mZmudawmifioYkd odr;f ,lcNhJ y;D vQif ou&mZf 961f k l ckwGif om;awmf ewf&Sifaemif vkyfBuH tedpa&mufonf/ uk v m;ipif u m omoemzsuf q D ; jcif ; crnf;awmf qifjzL&Sifrif;w&m;BuD; r&Sdonhfaemuf wddkif;BuD; jynfBuD;wdkYonf toD;oD;jcm;em;avonfESifh [Hom0wDDr[mOy&mZm r&Sdonfaemuf oHvQifNrdKU bk&if*sDukvm;ipifumudk ou&mZf 961ckwGif &cdkifbk&ifu awmifilbk&ifudk tcGifhyef tapmifhtaetxm; onf? ukvm;ipifumvnf; &cdkifbk&if awmifilbk&ifwdkYudk jcm;em; 12-ESpfwdkif oHvsifuae wvdkif;oHk;&yfudkrif;jyKonf? oHvsifipifum rif;jyKonfhtwGif; bk&m;apwD yxkd;rsm;udkzsufqD; a&Tqif;wkaiGqif; wkrsm;udk ,lNy;D vQitcJtjynfusK oabFmESihf wuRe;f jynfoYkd ukea&mif; f h d f ukef0,fjyKaponf? wuRef;om;wdkYonf bmomcsif;wlonfESifh uRef;&Sd wdkif; t0,fvma&mufMuonf/ &mrnwdkif;0,f &[ef;oHCmwdkYvnf; xifxifay:ay:r&Sd rae0HMh u? vltaygif;wdvnf; tvSLtwef;xifxifay:ay:ray;rvSL0HMh u? Yk f rif;tmPmudkaMumuf&SdonfESifh oD[dkVfuRef;paom uRef;wdkYaeaom tvZD &[ef;wdkYvma&mufvQif ukvm;ipifumrif;ESifh txyfoifhusifh t&ufaomufjcif; paomtrIESifh oHo|jyK aeonf/ OD ; xk y f a qmif ; ES i f h acgif ; wif & [ef ; rsm; ukvm;ipifum bk&if*sDrif;vnf; xdktvZD&[ef;wdkYxdyftkyf ouFef;aemufvSefudk jrif&mwGif ukvm;ipifumu]]igwdkY omoemESifh wlonf}} [k0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om&Sdojzifh zJuwDygudkay; ]]t&Sifbk&m;wdkY pdwBf uKd uvyf aqmif;ap}}qd&mwGif toD;oD;vky aqmif;Muavonf? f k k f tcsKdUaomusrf;*efodjrifwdkYvnf; OD;xkyfudkaMumufxGufajy;avonf? tcsKdUaom&[ef;oHCmwdkYonf tvZD t"r0g'Dcsnf; jzpfMu ukvm; ipifumrif; tvdkudkvdkuf OD;xkyfaqmif; 12-ESpfwdkifjzpfMuavonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onfvlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

35

olrsm;rkef;wm,ckrS igYuigrke;f aewmMumygNyDu,f kd G

cifolZmjrihf

jzL;NrdKU "rdumHkpmoifwdkufBuD;\ y"meem,uq&mawmf OD;OwrAk'onf rdr\ d d a0,sm0ptrIukd jyKvyay;aom ypmomraP Y k f tjzpf udk&if0Pdwudk wm0efay;cefYxm;onf/ udk&if0Pdwum; tvkyf vkyf&m oGufvufcsufjcmNyD; aphaph pyfpyf vkyfwwf ojzihf q&mawmfu oabmusNyD; cefYxm;jcif; jzpfaomfvnf; udk&if0Pdwurl taysmftyg; taqmh u pm; wpf z uf u 0goemygae q&mawmf e m;raevd k tjcm;ud k & if r sm;vd k vGwfvGwfvyfvyfaecsifonf/ odkYaomf q&m awmfu a&G;cs,fwm0efay;xm; q&mawmf \ trdefYudk rvGefqef&J q&mawmf\ ypm omraPvkyfae&onf/ q&mawmfu rdrd\ wynhfudk pm awmfatmif vdrmatmif? wpfzufu pnf;urf; t& wif;usyfpGm aqmif&Gufovdk tjypf'Pf vnf;xdkufovdk ay;avh&Sdonf/ txl;ojzihf qef&if;ememzGyfqdkonfhtwdkif; rdrd\ ypm

omrPudk&if0Pdwudk txl;qHk;r ESdyfuGyfay; onf/ xdonfukd ud&if0Pwu rdrtay: k k d d q&morm;u apwem arwmxm; rdrdudk awmfatmif aumif;atmif oGefoGifTefMum; onf qHk;ronf? ESdyfuGyfonf[krxif rdrdudk wrifzdESdyfonf csKyfjc,fonf? ESdyfuGyfonf[k xifrwum wpfaeYwif ausmif;uaexGuajy; S f G f avonf/ rdbawGu ud&ifuacsmarmhNy;D q&m k kd h awmfxjH yeftyf&m q&mawmfu xGuajy;&jcif; f \ tusKd;taMumif;udkar;aomf q&mawmfu rdrdwpfyg;wnf;udkom ESdyfuGyfonf? qHk;ronhf twGuf q&mawmfudk rkef;vdkY? rcspfvdkY q&m awmftem; raecsiawmhvYkd xGuajy;ygonf[k f f yGihfvif;pGmavQmufxm;onf/ ]tif; rif;udkawmh igESihfywfouf ajym&&ifawmh anmifyifomq&mawmf OD;ynm ajymovdk olrsm;rkef;wmu ,ckrS igu igYudk,f

igrkef;aewm MumygNyDuG,fajymovdk ajym& awmhrSmaygYuG,f} [k rdefYMum;onf/ xdktaMumif;uav; tus,fodyg& apbk&m; [k udk&if0Pdurdbrsm;u avQmuf xm;onf/ ]at; a&S;u jzL;NrdKU anmifyifom ta&SUausmif;BuD;rSm ausmif;xdkifwJh q&mawmf BuD;OD;ynm0Hoqdkwm bkef;BuD;wdkYq&maygY? q&mawmfu 0denf;udk odyfav;pm;NyD; nydkif; tcserm w&m;udtvGeBf uKd ;pm;tm;xkwowJ?h d f S k f q&mawmfBu;D nn w&m;tm;xkwwae&mu f hJ awmh ausmif;0dkif;twGif; we*FaEGaxmihf&Sd bk&m;ESpfqlMum;u Z&yfuav;rSmaygYuGJU/ q&mawmfBuD;u OD;yif; udk&if ausmif;om;rsm;udk pnf;urf;wus tkyfcsKyf ovdk &yf&Gmudkvnf; pepfwustkyfcsKyfvrf;jy onfhtwGuf anmifyifom&Gmol &Gmom;rsm; [m q&mawmf B uD ; ud k tvG e f c spf a Mumuf dkaoMuouGJU/ q&mawmfBuD;u &yf&GmxJrSm t&uf aomuf? avmif;upm;vkyfolrsm; bk&m;yGJrSm avmif;upm;xnhwmrsm;udk jyif;xefpm ESyuyf f G d f G qH;k rowJ/ tJ'vkd qH;k rawmh wpfcsKd UvlruawG h D kd f u q&mawmfBuD;udk rBudKufMu? &GHrkef;MuowJh/ tJ'Dvdk tajctaeowif;Mum;awmh ausmif;'g,umBuD;u pdk;&drfNyD; q&mawmfBuD; xHvma&mufum vlwpfcsdKUu q&mawmfudk rkef;aeMuaMumif; avQmufxm;owJh/ tJ'DtcgrSm q&mawmfBuD;u at; olwurke;f wm ,ckryguGUJ ? igu igYu,ig rke;f Ykd S kd f aewm MumvSygNyaumuG,vYkd rdeMYf um;owJ?h D f ,ckvJbJ armif0Pu olYudk dkufESufqHk;rvdkY igYudkrkef;wm olu,ckrS rkef;wmyguG,f? igu cEmig;yg;? kyfemrfjzpfysufjrifuwnf;u igYudk ig rkef;aewmyguG,f[k rdefYMum;vdkuf&m udk&if 0PdwuESihf udk&ifausmif;om;rsm;rSm &,f&Tif NyHK;wHkY rNyHK;wHkYESihf &,farmMuavawmhonf/ mjrih cif o l Z mjri f

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

36

"r0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ wm) (13) pdwf\ El;nHhrI (pdwrk'kwm) (14) apwoduftaygif;\ aumif;rI cHhnm;rI (um,urnwm) (15) pdw\ aumif;rI cHnm;rI(pdwurnwm) f h (16) apwoduftaygif;\ aumif;rI `yGrf;wD; avhvmrI (um,yg*kokwm) (17) pdwf\ `yGrf;wD;avhvmrI (pdwyg*knwm) (18) apwodutaygif;\ ajzmihrwfrI (um,k f f Zkuwm) (19) pdwf\ ajzmihfrwfrI(pdwKZkuwm) (20) toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ESihf rpyfqdkifaom 0pD'kpdkuf 4yg;rS a&SmifMuOfrI(orm0gpm) (21) toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ESihf rpyfqdkifaom um,'kpdkuf 3 yg;rS a&SmifMuOfrI (ormurE) (22) toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ESihf pyfqdkifaom 0pD'kpdkuf 4? um,'kpdkuf 3 yg;rS a&SmifMuOf rI (ormtmZD0) (23) 'kuwow0gynwfukd tmHjk yK oem;rI d (ukPm) (24) ok c d w ow 0 gynwf u d k tmH k j yK 0rf;ajrmufr(rk'wm) I d (25) trSefudktpdk;w&odrI(ynm)wkdYjzpfonf/ raumif ; aom pd w f a pwod u f r sm; raumif ; aom pd w f u atmuf y g twd k i f ; (12)yg;&S d o nf avmbOD;pD;aompdwf (1) raumif;rIwpfckudk tjypfr&Sd[k ,lqvsuf 0rf;ajrmuf&ivef;pGm wduwe;f rIrygbJjzpfaom T f k f G pdwf (2) raumif;rIwpfckudk tjypfr&Sd[k ,lqvsuf 0rf;ajrmuf&ivef;pGm wduwe;f ojzihf jzpfaom T f k f G pdwf (3) raumif;rIwpfckudk tjypf&SdrSef;odvsuf 0rf;ajrmuf&Tifvef;pGm wdkufwGef;rI rygbJjzpf aom pdwf (4) raumif;rIwpfckudk tjypf&SdrSef;odvsuf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om 0rf;enf;rjzpfbJ wduwe;f rI k f G rygbJ jzpfaompdwf (6) raumif;rIwpfckudk tjypfr&Sd[k ,lqvsuf 0rf ; om0rf ; enf ; rjzpf b J wd k u f w G e f ; ojzih f jzpfaompdwf (7) raumif;rIwpfckudk tjypf&SdrSef;odvsuf 0rf;om0rf;enf;rjzpfbJ wdkufwGef;rI rygbJjzpf aom pdwf (8) raumif;rIwpfckudk tjypf&SdrSef;odvsuf 0rf;om0rf;enf;rjzpfbJ wdkufwGef;ojzihfjzpf aompdwfwkdYjzpfonf/

yefqkjrwf
tmH k u d k BuH p nf od w wf a om aMumih f pd w f [ k a c:ygonf / pd w f o nf apwodufESihf tpOf,SOfwGJjzpfay:ojzihf pdwf taMumif;ajymvQif apwoduftaMumif;udkyg xnhfoGif;ajymqdk&ef vdktyfavonf/ apwodufqdkwmu pdwfudkrSDwG,f cs,f v S , f w wf a omaMumih f v nf ; aumif ; ? vHaqmfwuwe;f wwfaomaMumihvnf;aumif; YI kd f G f apwoduf[kac:ygonf/ pdwfonf tNidrfrae? [dkckef onful; txde;f &cuf arsmufEifh Edi;f cdi;f qdavh&ovdk S I k k dS wSL;xdk;tqiftjcifrJhpGm xifwdkif;BuJwwf ojzifh qifdkif;ESihfvnf; wifpm;ajymqkdavh&Sd ygonf/ arsmufudk BudK;jzihf csnfxm;&ovdk qifdkif;udk xl;cwfxm;&ovdk pdwfudkvnf; owdwnf;[laom tapmihfcsxm;&ef vdktyf ygonf/ aqmif;yg;wGif aumif;aom pdwf apwodufrsm;taMumif;ESihf raumif;aom pdwfapwodufrsm;taMumif; tusOf;rQazmfjy oGm;ygrnf/ aumif ; aompd w f apwod u f r sm; aumif ; aompd w f u atmuf y g twd k i f ; (8)yg;&S d o nf (1) uH? uH\ tusKd;udk odjrif aumif;rIudk 0rf ; ajrmuf & T i f v ef ; pG m wd k u f w G e f ; rI rygbJ jyKaompdwf (2) uH? uH\ tusKd;udk odjrif aumif;rIudk 0rf;ajrmuf &Tivef;pGm wduwe;f ojzihf jyKaom f k f G pdwf (3) uH? uH\ tusKd;udk rodjrifbJ aumif;rIudk 0rf ; ajrmuf & T i f v ef ; pG m wd k u f w G e f ; rI rygbJ jyKaompdwf (4) uH? uH\ tusKd;udk rodjrifbJ aumif;rIYudk 0rf;ajrmuf&Tifvef;pGm wdkufwGef;ojzihf jyKaom pdwf (5) uH? uH\ tusKd;udk odjrif aumif;rIudk 0rf;om 0rf;enf;rjzpfbJ wdkufwGef;rIrygbJ jyKaompdwf (6) uH? uH\ tusKd;udkodjrif aumif;rIudk 0rf;om0rf;enf;rjzpfbJ wduwe;f ojzihf jyKaom k f G pdwf (7) uH? uH\ tusKd;udkrodjrifbJ aumif;rIudk 0r;f o m0rf ; enf ; rjzpf b J wd k u f w G e f ; rI r ygbJ jyKaompdwf (8) uH? uH\ tusKd;udkrodjrifbJ aumif;rIudk 0rf;om0rf;enf;rjzpfbJ wdkufwGef;ojzihf jyK aompdwfwkdYjzpfonf/ aumif;aomapwoduu atmufyg f twdkif; (25)yg;&Sdonf (1) ,HkMunfrI (o'g) (2) rarhrI(owd) (3) [d&d(raumif;rIjyK&rSm&SufrI) (4) raumif;rIjyK&rSm aMumufrI(Mowy) (5) pGefYvTwfrI(tavmb) (6) cspfcifrI(ta'go) (7) tv,ftvwf oabmxm;rI (wMwrZw wm) (8) apwod u f taygif ; \ Nid r f ; at;rI (um,y'd) (9) pdwf\ Nidrf;at;rI (pdwy'd) (10) apwoduftaygif;\ vsifjrefaygYyg;rI (um,v[kwm) (11) pdwf\ vsifjrefaygYyg;rI (pdwv[kwm) (12) apwoduftaygif;\ El;nHhrI(um,rk'k

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfaponf/ a'goOD ; pD ; aom pd w f ( 2)yg; (9) pdwfqif;&Jjcif;ESihfwuG trsufa'goxGuf wdkufwGef;rIrygbJ jzpfaompdwf (10) pdwfqif;&Jjcif;ESihfwuG trsufa'go xGuf wdkufwGef;ojzihfjzpfaompdwf arm[OD;pD;aom pdwf(2)yg; (11) 0rf;om0rf;enf;rIr&SbJ 0dpupm,SOojzihf d d d f ,HkrSm;oHo,jzpfaompdwf (12) 0rf;om0rf;enf;r&SdbJ O'p,SOfojzihf ysHUvGihfaompdwf raumif ; aom apwod u f u atmuf y gtwd k i f ; (14)yg;&S d o nf (1) rodrI(arm[) (2) 'kpdkufrS r&SufrI(t[d&du) (3) 'kpdkufrS raMumufvefYrI(taemwy) (4) ysHUvGihfrI(O'p) (5) vdkcsifrI(avmb) (6) t,lrSm;rI('d|d) (7) axmifvTm;rI(rme) (8) trsufxGufrI(a'go) (9) olwpfyg;\ pnf;pdrfcsrf;omudk jiLplrI (m) (10) udk,fhpnf;pdrfudk 0efwdkrI(rp&d,) (11) jyKcJ h r d a om raumif ; rI rjyKcJ h r d a om aumif ; rI t wG u f aemif w wpf z ef yl y ef r I (ukuKp) (12) pdwfrvef;bJ cyfxdkif;xdkif;jzpfaerI(xde) (13) ,SOfbufpdwfapwodufrsm; rvef;bJ cyfxdkif;xdkif;jzpfaerI(rd') (14) 0dpdudpm ,HkrSm;rI uRefawmfwdkYonf aumif;aompdwf apwodufrsm;udk uRefawmfwdkY\ oEmefwGif tpOfjzpfay:aeap&efESihf raumif;aom pdwf apwodufrsm; uRefawmfwdkY\ oEmefwGif 0ifa&mufrvmEkdifap&ef owdwnf;[laom tapmihfcsxm;&ygrnf/ atmufygAk'jrwfpGm\ tqHk;trudk vnf; tpOfESvHk;oGif;tyfaMumif; wifjytyf ygonf/ ]]raumif;rI pdwfonf arGUavsmf wwf aumif;rIjyKaomtcg EHkYaES;wwf&um; raumif;rIrS pdwfukd wm;jrpf aumif;rIwdkYudk vsifjrefaqmpGmjyKvkyf&m\}} ]]raumif;rI a&Smif? aumif;rIaqmif jzLatmif pdwfudkxm;/ ckvnf; csrf;om aemifcsrf;om jrwfpGm a[mrdefYMum;/}} yef q k j rwf

37

cspfvlrdkuf rjzpfMuygapeJY
oef;oef;wifh

q|rtBudrfajrmuf tmp&d,ylaZmf yGJBuD;udk 2008-ckESpf? 'DZifbmv 28 &ufaeY? eHeuf 8 em&D? acsmufNrdKU? t.x.u (1) jr&dyfndKcef;rrSm usif;ycJhygw,f/ rESpfu a&T&wktxdrf;trSwf yr tBudrfajrmuf tmp&d,ylaZmfyGJodkY <ua&muf cs;D jricwhJ q&mBu;D ? q&mrBu;D wpfO;D wpfa,muf fh hJ rQ wdr;f yg;jcif;r&SbJ OD;a&xyfrw;kd yGm;cJygw,f/ d H h 'DESpf 51 ESpftwGif; wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhwJh tylaZmfcH q&mBuD;? q&mrBuD; 95 a,muf &Sdygw,f/ 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfp&mygyJ/ q&mBu;D ? q&mrBu;D rsm;udk tvSnus fh Mo0g'pum; ajymMum;apcJhayr,hf jrifhjrwfwJh &[ef ; b0 a&muf & S d o G m ;wJ h q&mawmf OD ; omoe? (q&mBuD ; OD ; oef ; G e f Y ) ud k a wmh E S p f p Of w &m;a&at; tNrd K uf a q; a[mMum;ap cJhygw,f/ q&mawmfuvnf; q&ma[mif ; rsm; vk y f a zmf u d k i f z uf q&m? q&mra[mif ; rsm;eJ Y w uG wynh f a [mif ; ? taygif ; toif ; a[mif ; wd k Y u d k vd k & if ; wd k & S i f ; w&m;awmfudk a[mMum;cJhygw,f/ q&mawmf OD ; omoeu jrwf p G m bk & m; a[mMum;wJ h ygVd * gxmawmf u d k cef Y c ef Y j im;jim; &G w f z wf y l a Zmf N yD ; jywf o m; &Sif;vif;pGm jrefrm jyefqdka[mMum ;ygw,f/ twmea yd,HZnm? &au,seH ok&udeH/ wdPH tnw&H,mrH? y#dZa*,s y@dawm/

jrwf A k ' u q&maumif ; &S m &ef umr*k P f t mH k w G i f o m aysmf y g; rae&ef tcsd e f & S d c d k u f v H k Y v pd k u f & ef ud k , h f u d k , f u d k cspf w wf & ef 1792 Budrfwdkifwdkif a[mMum;cJh ygw,f / q&maumif ; &S m &ef q d k w J h t csuf u tif r wef ta&;BuD ; ygw,f / q&mawmf arwm&Sif (a&Tjynfom) u em;vnfv,EiwhJ G f kd f Oyrmay; ygw,f/ wpfcPwm toHk;jyKr,hf a&tdk;awmifrS a&vHk&JUvm;? tyJhygovm; at;r,hftrsdK;tpm; [kwf&JUvm;vdkY a&G;&ao;wmyJ/ wpfb0 wpfoHo&mvHk; aumif;zdkYtwGuf a&G;cs,fqnf;uyfoifhwJh ta&;tBuD;qHk;t&muawmh ]]q&maumif;udk &SmazGjcif;}} yJwJh/ b,f v d k q &m[m q&maumif ; vJ q d k a wmh q&maumif;&JU t*FgvuPmqdkwm rdwfaqG aumif;&JU t*FgvuPmeJY twlwljzpfygw,f/ t&SiftmeEmu ]]rd w f a qG a umif ; ud k & vQif tusd K ;wpf 0 uf N yD ; onf [ k ,l q aMumi;f ? jrwf A k ' u tusd K ;wpf 0 uf r [k w f ? rd w f a qG aumif ; ud k & vQif tusd K ;tm;vH k ; NyD ; pD ; (pmrsuf E S m 39 ok d Y )

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

38

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

i,fpOfBuD;vkduf kdaoxkduf
aZmf a emif

a&S;oa&mtcg [dr0Em wpfckaom anmifyifrSm/ arsmuf? cg? qifwdkY rdwfaqGzGJU twlaeMuowJh/ tHhMoyg&JU wpfaeYrSm arsmufcg? qifwdkYawG;rd&m/ wdkYoHk;OD;rSm rnfolu toufydkBuD;a&G;cs,fMu/ yxrOD;qH;k ar;onfrm? S arsmufndKav;eJY armifarmifcg/ b,fumvu pwifbd? xdanmifyifuo?d k kd udkqifBuD;tm;ar;av\/ qifBuD;ajzonfhtajzrSm? onfanmifyifBuD;qdkwm[m/ igYi,fpOfu ausmfumcG? tNrJoGm;aeus/ cgeJYqifu aemufwpfcg armifarmifarsmufudk ar;Munhf&m/ arsmufajzonfrSm i,fpOfb0 anmifGefYanmifzl;pm;cJh& xdkifvsuf b,frx/ qifeJYarsmufu xdktcg/ cguav;udkar;Munhf&m/ t&yfrSm anmifyifBuD;? jrihrm;rd;k xde;D / f

twd w f \ yH k & d y f Zmwf u d k Ak ' & S i f a wmf b k & m; om0wd jynf oDwif;oH;k pOf t&Siom&dyw&m f k rax&f jrwftm; t&ifa&mufESihfMuaom &[ef ; tcsd K U u ]td y f & mae&mud k j rpf j cif ; } udktaMumif;jyK a[mjcif;jzpfygonf/ temxydPfolaX;onf ausmif; aqmufNyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;xH wrefvTwfNyD; yihfygonf/ xkdYaMumihf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf &mZN*d K [f j ynf r S x G u f c J h \ / a0omvD j ynf wpfaxmufem; oDwif;oHk; om0wdjynfodkY c&D;qufcJhygonf/ xdktcg qA*D&[ef;wdkY\ wynhrsm;onf a&SUrSt&ifom;ukevsuf olwYkd f G f twGuvnf; BuKd Ny;D ae&m,l? olwq&m&[ef; f Ykd rsm;twGufvnf; ae&mOD;ay;xm;Muonf/ xdkYaMumihf aemufrSa&mufvmaom &[ef;wdkY onf if;wdkY\ q&mjzpfaom &Sifom&dykw&m rax&fjrwftwGuf ae&m&Smaomf ae&mvyf r&Sdawmhay/ tjzpfudk onf;cHawmfrl &Sifom&dykw&monf jrwfpGmbk&m;ausmif; awmf\ teD;&Sdopfyif&if; xdkif vnf; aumif;? pBuavQmufjcif;jzihfvnf;aumif;? xdknOfhudk ukefvGefapcJhonf/ eHeufr;kd aomuf tvif;a&mufaomf tyifBuD;rS anmifoD;pm;um? jrwfpGmbk&m;onf &Sifom&dykw&mrax&fudk uREfkyfrpifpGefYcs&m awGU tjzpftysuukd ar;awmf &Siom&dyw f f k ,ck xdkanmifyifaygufvm? &mu jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; tvHk;pHkudk avQmuf igodonfrSm ydka&S;us? xm;awmfrlonf/ a[monfh anmifyifrjzpfcifu/ &Sifom&dykw&mrax&fu avQmuf xdktcgus arsmufeJYqif? xm; taMumif;pHkudkodvQif? jrwfpGmbk&m; olwEpO;D wdiyif/ Ykd S f k f &Sifonf odkY qifjcifawmfrl\/ omoem wdkYoHk;OD;wGif armifcgu awmf igbk&m;&SpOfrmyif &[ef;wdYk wpfyg;ESifh d S touftBuD;qHk;ygY/ wpfyg; dkaoav;pm;jcif;r&SdMu/ igy&dedAmef dkaoMur,fBuD;oludk? jyKvQif rnfodkYvkyfygtHhenf;? jrwfpGm bk&m; rav;rcefY rjyKqdkvdk/ onf BuD;pGmaom "roHa0*jzpf\/ xdkYaMumihf armifarsmufndKeJY qifBuD;u? &[ef;wdkYudk csufcsif; pnf;a0;apNyD; jrwfpGm armifarmifcgudk *g&0/ bk & m;onf &[ef ; wd k Y t m; ar;awmf r l \ / armifarmifcgu qHk;rvQif ]&[ef;wdkY tb,folonf ae&mOD;? a&OD;? tNrJvdkufem rqefYusif? qGrf;OD;udk xdkufoenf;}? wGif tcsdKUaom cGef;wHkYrwif vdrmMu/ &[ef ; wd k Y u rif ; rsKd ; rS &[ef ; jzpf v maom apmihfxdef; ed0gw/ ol o nf yd k xd k u f \ [k q d k o nf / tcsd K Uu oHk;OD;oHk;0 nDGwf&m? ykPm;rS &[ef;jzpfvmaom olonf ydk i,fpOfBuD;vdkuf? dkaopGm/ xdu\[kqonf/ wpfcsKd Uu olaX;ol<u,frsK;d k f kd apmihfxdef;oGm;yg uHig;yg;? rS &[ef;jzpfvmaomolonf ydkxdkuf\[k oDvaqmufwnfoGm;/ qdkonf/ wpfcsdKU&[ef;wdkYuvnf; 0denf;"dk&f aus;Zl;w&m; xdkYaMumihfvQif? "ruxdu yxrpsmefu&aom &[ef;? 'kw, kd d udkarsmuf cgeJY armifarmifqif/ psmefudk&aom &[ef;? wwd,psmefudk&aom uG,fvGef&mwGif tyg,froGm;? &[ef;? pwkwpsmefudk&aom &[ef;? &[ef; ewf&Gmewfjynfvm;/ aZmf a emif wd k Y o nf o mvQif xd k u f \ [k a vQmuf \ /

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;twGuf jzpfonf/ wpfcsdKUu odkY avQmufjyefonf/ t&Sifbk&m; aomwmyef onf ou'g*grf o nf tem*grfonf? &[Em onf 0dZmoHk;yg;&Sdaom &[ef ; onf ajcmuf y g; uk e f a om tbdnmOfjynhfpHkaom &[ef; &[ef;wdkYonf xdkuf\ [kqdkMujyefonf/ &[ef;toD;oD;\ taxGaxGtrsKd; rsKd;aom tajzpum;udk emMum;NyD;onf\ tqHk; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf &[ef;wdkYtm; `rGwfMum;qHk;rawmfrl\/ ]]oif w d k Y ajymonf r S m wpf c k r Q r[k w f / igbk & m;\ omoemawmf oDwif;BuD;pOfudk rvGefrl &Sdcdk;jcif;? c&D;OD; Bud K jcif ; ? vuf t k y f c sD j cif ; ? td k t ao ay; jcif ; wd k Y u d k jyKtyf \ / ae&mOD ; ? a&OD ; ud k &tyf \ / ae&mOD ; paomud p w d k Y u d k & jcif ; wGif oDwif;BuD;jcif;omvQif ta&;BuD; ayonf / ]]xdkYaMumihf oDwif;BuD;aom &[ef; onf if;ae&mOD;tp&Sdaom udpwdkYudk &&SdrS oifhwifhavsmufywf\/ &Sifom&dykw&monf ig\ t*om0ujzpf\/ ig\ w&m;"rpufudk a[mwwf\/ig\ tjcm;rJhtdyf&mae&mwdkYudk &jcif;iSm xdkuf\/ ,ckrl xdk&Sifom&dykw&m rax&fonf tdyf&mae&mr&ojzihf wpfnOfh ywfv;kH udk opfyif&if; oDwif;oH;k cJ&\/ oifwYkd h ,ckwnf;u odYk dao&aumif;rSe;f rodvQif k umvMumjrih f a tmif igbk & m;\ omoem igbk&m;\ oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;BuD; onf rnfodkY jzpfrnfenf;/ xdkodkYajymqdkNyD;vQif &[ef;wdkYtm; qHk;rawmfrlvdk a&S;u wd&pmefwdkYyifjzpfvihf upm; wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; BuD;aomoludk kdao? BuD;aomol\ tqHk;trudk vdkufemNyD; oDv awmfwnfvsuf cspfMunfpGmaexdkifoGm;Mu vGeaomf oH;k OD;pvH;k onf ewf&modvm;av f G Yk onfh taMumif;udk twdwfaqmifonfh tae jzihf ,ckZmwfudka[mMum;jcif;jzpfygonf/ ][dkpOfu qifonf ,ck&Sifarm*vmef [dkpOfu arsmufonf ,ck &Sifom&dykw&m? [dkpOfu ynm&Sd ]cg} um; ,ck igbk&m; jzpfownf;[k Zmwfudk ed*Hk;csKyfawmfrlygonf} aZmf a emif usrf;udk;/ wdw&Zmwf ig;&mh i g;q,f Z mwf e d y gwf a wmf B uD ; (aus;Zl ; &S i f a nmif u ef q &mawmf b k & m;) (pmrsuf E S m 37 rS ) [l aMumif ; ? igbk & m;wnf ; [ l a om rd w f a qG a umif ; ud k & vQif a0ae,sow 0 g rsm;onf r*f z d k v f e d A m ef u d k &jcif ; wnf ; [laom tusdK;tm;vHk;udk&onfr[kwfavmvdkY a[mMum;awmfrlygw,f/ q&maumif; t*Fg (7) yg;/ 1/ o*F [ w&m;av;yg;ES i h f jynh f p H k o jzih f d k a oxd k u f a om*k P f & S d j cif ; / 2/ o*F [ w&m;av;yg;ES i h f jynh f p H k o jjzih f cspfcifxdkufaom zih c spfcifxdkufaom *k P f & S d j cif ; / 3/ o*F [ w&m;av;yg;ES i h f jzif jynh f p H k o jzi f h csD ; rG r f ; xd k u f a om *k P f & S d j cif ; / 4/ vG J o nf u d k w nh f r wf a tmif ? rduonfudkd vdrmatmif qHk;rjcif;/ k f u 5/ar;jref ; orQud k rsm;aom tm;jzih f ajzqd k E d k i f j cif ; / 6/ euf e J a om op m w&m;ud k a[mMum;Ed k i f j cif ; / 7/ aumif ; usd K ;&S d & mud k T e f j y Ed k i f j cif ; / tJ't*Fg (7) yg;eJY jynfpwq&maumif; D h kH hJ udk &SmNy;D 'ge? oDv? bm0emqdwhJ ukovw&m; k kd f rsm;udk tm;xkwfMuyg? jyKvkyfMuyg/ oHo&m wpfavQmufvHk;rSm ig;jzmtmHk? umr*kPfaMum rSm arsmygcJhwmawGvnf; ra&rwGufEdkifawmh ygbl;/ olrsm;udk cspfcJhMuwmawGvnf; rsm;vS ygNyD/ rdrdeJYxyfwlxyfrQ cspf&r,hfol r&Sdygbl;/ tcspfvGJ&if epfemrSmpdk;vdkY t&G,f (3) yg; rSm wpfyg;yg;rSmawmh owdw&m;&SdzdkY aumif;ygNyD/ 'gejyK&if ; rd r d u d k , f u d k c spf y g/ oD v ud k p if M u,f p G m aqmuf w nf &if ; rd r d u d k , f u d k c spf ? bm0emyG m ;rsm; tm;xk w f & if ; rd r d u d k , f u d k c spf ? 'ge? oD v ? bm0em? tpOfxm0&jyKMu&if;eJY rdrdudk,fudk cspf M uprf ; yg/ a[majymcJhwmawGudk rSwfrdatmif OD;Zif;udk,fwkdifa&;xm;wJhuAsmav;csay;vkduf r,f/ uJ-vdkufqdkMuyg/ -ud k , f h u d k , f u d k a wG ; ud k , f a r;avyg/ -ud k , f e J Y o l r sm;? oem;b,f [ m? -ol r sm;oem;? cspf t m;yd k w m? ud k , f h u d k y pf ? rcspf v l r d k u f y g -ol r sm;oem;? cspf t m;yd k u m?

39

udk,fusihfw&m;? a&Smif&Sm;z,fcGm? -pm;0wf a erI ? tm;jyKazG & S m ? cspfvlrdkuf*Rrf;pdkufyg,f av;&Gm/ OD;Zif;uawmh awGUqHkBuHKckdufrSm a[mMum;vdkufwJh w&m;pum;? &if0,fxm;? rSwfom;vkdufemapcsifw,f/ ESvHk;om;xJ pGJoGm; atmifvdkY &Snf&Snfra[mawmhbl;/ OD;Zif;ajymcsifwmu q&maumif;udk&SmNyD; ud k , f h u d k , f u d k cspf M uprf ; yg/ cspf v l r d k u f rjzpfMuygapeJY? tyg,f&Gm *Rrf;pdkufrus ygapeJYvdkY ajymcsifw,f/ rES p f u tmp&d , yl a Zmf y G J r S m a[mMu ajymMu&if; eHeuf 8 em&D pcJhwJh ylaZmfyGJ? aeYvnf 2 em&DausmfoGm;cJhygw,f/ tcsdef&Snf MumroGm;atmif 'DESpfq&mawmf OD;omoemu w&m;wpfy'f tqDtESpxwf k f k um a[m>rufom; jcif;jzpfygawmhw,f/ G (28.12.08) aeY acsmufNrKd U trSwf (1)? t.x.u tmp&d,ylaZmfyGJ q&mawmf OD;omoea[majymcsuf) oef ; oef ; wif h

Sincerity by Patience Strong

* * * * Sweet is the sound and sweet in the meaning of the word Sincerity.. Without it there can be no faith, no friendship and no sypathy. In the firm clasp of hands we feel it. In the clear eye, its light we see for true hearts speak and understand the language of sincerity.

vdIufvSJrI
]vdIufvSJrI} qdkaom pum;vHk;\ toHrSm csKd NrdefvSonf teuft"dyg,fvnf; aumif;vS ayonf/ ]vd I u f v S J r I } rygvQif ,H k M unf r I v nf ; r&SdEkdifyg? rdwfaqGtaygif;toif;ESihf cifrifrIvnf; r&SdEkdifygaMumif; MuifemrI vnf;r&SEiyg/ d dk f ]vduvr}I udk vufqEwqufonftcg I f JS JG I f h vnf; odEionf Munfvifaomrsuv;kH dk f f rSmvnf; ]vdIufvSJrI}\ t&dyfta&mifudk uREfkyfwdkY awGUEkdif onf/ tb,fqdkaom rSefuefaom ESvHk;om; rsm;u pum;ajymonfh ]vdIufvSJrI} \ bmompum;udk em;vnfEkdifayonf/ cH p m;NyD ; bmomjyef o l wu o d k v f j raoG ;

Dhamma Dew

Buddhist Principles For Human Dignity hf vl*Poumqki&m Ak'0g'"r tajccHusi0wfrsm; Y k f d d f

TRANSLATED Into Myanmar Language By Dhamma Vira Thandar, ITBM University, Yangon.

vlwdkY\ pdwfpGrf;tm;rsm; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufvmonfESifhtrQ a,musfm;ESihfrdef;rwdkYtwGuf tEkjrL (tufwrf) pGrf;tifwpf&yfrS pl;prf; azG&Smavhvm awGU&Sdvmaom tm; (tpGrf;) udk udkifpGJtoHk;csvsuf vlYabmifvlYavmuBuD;w&yfvHk; tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;jzpfxGef;apatmif vl Y p d w f o bm0w&m; tjcm;wpfyg;aomolwpfOD;wpfa,muf\pdwfudk rnfolwpfOD; wnfaqmufjyKjyifEdkifpGrf;&SdonhftodPfynmrsm;udk vlwdkY&&SdcJhMuay wpfa,mufurQ ydiqixe;f csKy&Edivrrnfr[kway/ odaomf wpfO;D onf/ k f kd f d f k f d hf f Yk But conversely, in the process they also invented wpfa,muf\ udk,fydkifpdwfoabmudk zGHUjzdK;wdk;wufvmapEdkif&eftwGuf nuclear weapons which could destroy the entire wrold! If mind is tjcm;wpfyg;aomol wpfO;D wpfa,mufu yHazmfzefw;D ay;jcif;iSm pGr;f Edif k k not controlled or trained properly, the dangers that may follow onfhtjyif? wpfpHkwpfa,mufol\ t&Sdeft0gMoZmvTrf;rdk;oufa&muf will indeed be unimaginable. apjcif;tm;jzihf tjcm;wpfyg;aomolwdkYtzdkYt&m rESpfNrdKUzG,f&m ,kwfnhH odkYaomf wpfzufrS vlwdkY\ pdwfpGrf;tm;rsm;udk toHk;csvsuf qdk;oGrf;aomyifudkpdkufrsm; yaysmufuif;pifoGm;NyD; aumif;rGefjrihfjrwf vlYabmifvlYavmuBuD;wpf&yfvHk; tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;jzpfxGef;apatmif aom pdkufvuPmrsm;jzpfay: tusdK;jzpfxGef;apayonf/ pmrsuf E S m 16 ok d Y

(Continue from Last Week) THE NATURE OF THE HUMAN MIND No one can control the mind of another, but if one develops one's own mind, then one can wield enormus influence over others, for good as well as evil purposes. The development of scientific knowledge cold be misused or abused by certain people for selfish purposes.

By developing the mind. men and women for example have discovered the force within an atom and they have used this knowledge to do a lot of construetive work for the benefit of mankind.

098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 098765432121098765432109876543210987654321 098765432121098765432109876543210987654321

By Most Venerable Dr.K.Sri Dhammananda, Nayake Maha Thera, JSM,Ph.D,D.Litt.

"r 0 D & -oE m

jyef q k d w if j yonf

rsufarSmufacwfESifhtnD zGHUjzdK;wdk;wuf vmaom odyHynm&yfqdkif&m A[kokw tawG;tjrif ynm&yfrsm;onf vlwpfcsdKU wd\ wpfu,f aumif;qef ud,usKd ;pD;yGm; Yk kd k f &S m rI r sm;aMumih f tvG J o H k ; pm;jyKjcif ; ? odkYr[kwf rrSefruef toHk;csjcif;wdkYudk cHae&ayonf/
On the other hand, the mind can be controlled and used to appreciate and understand the Dhamma or the workings of the cosmos.

tjcm;wpfzufrSMunhfvQifvnf; pdwuxe;f ausmif;jyKjyif toH;k csEionhf f kd d kd f todynmw&m;udk "r odr[kwf pMu0Vm Yk ur m avmu"mwf twGif; jzpfwnfrI oabmjzpf p Of t & aumif ; pG m od & S d e m; vnfEionhtjyif? vufawGUtm;jzihvnf; kd f f f tusdK;w&SdtoHk;cs EdkifpGrf;&Sdavonf/