q&mBuD ; OD ; a&T a tmif \ "r y ' aumuf E k w f c suf p mpk r S

jA[ma,mifaqmif wd & p m ef v d k a eol r sm;

jA[ma,mifaqmif wd&pmefvdk aeolum; rajzmifrwforsm;jzpf? rodom h l ojzihf avmutwGuf tE&m,frsm;\/ tajymuwpf r sd K ;? tvk y f u wpf r sd K ; (od k Y r [k w f ) toG i f o P m ef u wpf r sd K ;? tusipduuwpfrsKd ; vkywwforsm;onf hf k f f l jA[ma,mifaqmif wd&pmefvdkaeolrsm; pm&if; yg0if\/
(a'0'wf 0 w K )

OD ; a&T a tmif OD ; a&T a tmif

yg&rD r ajrmuf a om uk o d k v f w d k Y \ oabm

yg&rD r ajrmuf a om uk o d k v f u H wdkYrnfonf OD;wnf&mr&SdbJ yifv,fa&pD; aMumif;twkdif; arsm csif&marsmaeaom avSi,fozG,fomjzpf\/ aumif;rGef&m qdyfurf;omodkYvnf; qkdufEdkif\/ ab;&ef xlxyfaom aomifajrvnf; wifEdkif\/ 0J * ,uf x J o d k Y v nf ; pH k ; pH k ; jrKyf E d k i f \ / jzpfcsifovdk jzpfoGm;Ekdif\/ wdusrSefuef aom owfrSwfcsuf[l r&Sd/ onfrSm yg&rDrajrmufaom ukodkvfwdkY\ oabm jzpf\/
(a'0'wf 0 w K )

b0tjrif o pf r S
umarokrdpmpm& umarokt& umr*kPfig;yg;[lonfrSm tusOf;tm;jzihf rdrd wdkY\ vkyfief;[lorQyifjzpf\/ rdrdwdkY\ vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyf&m xdkufwefaomtusdK;udkom &atmifvkyfjcif;jzpfygu rdpmpm& rjzpf/ xdkufwefaomtusdK;xuf ydk&atmifvkyfjcif; jzpfrSom rdpmpm&jzpf\/ xdkufwefaomtusdK;xuf ydk&atmif vky&m olEiu,[ f S fh kd f l Edi;f ,SOp&m&SaomtcgrSom rdpmpm&oabmjzihf xdkufwefaomtusdK;xuf ydk&atmif vkyf I f d wwf\/ trSetm;jzihf rdru,ukd rxde;f odr;f Ediaom ykxZOfwYkd "rwmt&qdygvQif olxuf f d kd f k f k k Y rdru omcsi\/ xdtcg olxufwpfenf;enf; jzihf rdru omatmifvyav\/ xkovyjf cif; d f k Y d k f d Ykd k jzihf rdpmpm&oabmonf ay:aygufvm&onf/ olYxuf rdrdu omatmif vkyfwdkif;vnf; rdpmpm&oabmonf ay:aygufvmonf r[kwfyg/ w&m;ojzihf omatmifvkyfjcif;jzpfyg u rdpmpm&oabmr&Sd/ ormpm& oabm&Sd \/ rw&m;ojzihf omatmifvkyfrSom rdpmpm& oabm&Sdvmrnfjzpf\/ odkY&mwGif wpfOD;ESifh
pmrsuf E S m 35 ok d Y

VOW

"r0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

Aka'gaAma",sH
opmw&m;ukigodovk?d d a0ae,swoap&rnf Ydk d
'kdYwm0efta&;oHk;yg; jynfaxmifpk rNydKuJGa&; wkdif;&if;om; pnf;vHk;nDnGwfrI rNydKuJGa&; tcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfwHhckdifNrJa&; -

rkawmarmap,sH
b0taESmiftzJGrS igvGwovkd a0ae,swYdk h f vGwap&rnf f

wdaPmwma&,sH
oHo&m0J*,ufrS igul;ajrmufEiovkd dk f a0ae,swYdk ul;ajrmufapEki&rnf d f

"r0&*sme,f D
'kdYta&; 'kdYta&; 'kdYta&;

,ck t ywf zwf p &m u@

uavmif&Sifrsm; pmrsufESm v,fwDq&mawmf - - - - - - 20 t&SifZeumbd0Ho - - - - 27 yckuLq&mawmf - - - - - - 16 t,f'Dwmtmabmf - - - 3 OD;oDvmpm& - - - - - - - 5 b'EZedEom&(o'raZmwdu"Z) 4 &SifP(zsmykH) - - - - - - - 6 OD;a&Tatmif - - - - - - - 1 wuokdvfoQifoD&d - - - - - - 7 Nidrf;csrf;OD; - - - - - - - - - 13 [Hom0wD OD;tkef;BudKif - - - 10 oDwmOD;(jrefrmpm) - - - - - 14 jrwfa0(a&Tjynfom)- - - - - 19 aZmfaemif - - - - - - - - 38 "r0D&oEm - - - - - - - - 40 '*kHq&mxGef; - - - - - - 9 rsKd;jrifh(atmifvH) - - - - - - 28 auwkrwDjr[oFm - - - - - 33 armifZifa,mf - - - - - - - 32 cifarmifrkd;(awmifBuD;) - - - 12 cifolZmjrifh - - - - - - - - 31 owif; - - - - - - - - - 15 owif;+0if;Ekdif - - - - - 26 OD;csKdOD;(pdefuefYvefY)- - - - - - 34 {'if0if;vGif - - - - - - - - 37 ukdBuD;aEG;(ykZGefawmif) - - 5 wk\txl;aqmif;yg;? owif;ESihf Yd uAsmrsm;/

Mo0g'gp&d,q&mawmfrsm;
t*r[my@dw b' E ukrm& 'kw,ygarmucsKyq&mawmf(pDr)H d f t*r[m*E0gpuy@dw b' EaZmwdu(M.A) 'kw,ygarmucsKyq&mawmf(ynm) d f tbd"rmyd#ur[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmuq&mawmf t*r[m*E0gpuy@dw b' Eax&dE(M.A) yd#uwfqi&mygVpmayXme? XmerSL;^ygarmuq&mawmf dk f d t*r[m*E0gpuy@dw b' Ey@dwmbd0o(M.A) H okw Ey#uwfr[mXme? XmerSL;^ygarmuq&mawmf d r[m*E0gpuy@dw b' Eore(M.A) k Ak'a'oemjyefym;a&;ynmXme? XmerSL;^ygarmuq&mawmf hG

jynfolYoabmxm; jynfytm;ukd;ykqdefkd;tqkd;jrif0g'Drsm;tm;qefYusifMu Ekiiawmf wnfNirat;csr;f a&;ESihf Ekiiawmfw;dk wufa&;ukd dfH df dfH aESmifh,SufzsufqD;olrsm;tm; qefYusifMu Ek d i f i H a wmf \ jynf w G i f ; a&;uk d 0if a &muf p G u f z uf aESmifh,Sufaom jynfyEkdifiHrsm;tm; qefYusifMu jynfwGif;? jynfytzsuform;rsm;tm; bHk&efoltjzpf owfrSwfacsrIef;Mu

EkdifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4)&yf - EkdifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh w&m; Oya' pkd;rkd;a&; - trsKd;om;jyefvnf pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&; - ckdifrmonfh zJGYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'opfjzpfay:vma&; - jzpfay:vmonfh zJGYpnf;yHktajccHOya'opfEitnD S hf acwfrzYGH NzKd ;wk;d wufaomEkdifiHawmfopfwpf&yf D wnfaqmufa&; pD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf (4)&yf - pkdufysKd;a&;ukdtajccH tjcm;pD;yGm;a&;u@rsm;ukvnf; d bufpHkzHGUNzdK;wkd;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&; - aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepf yDjyifpGmjzpfay:vma&; - jynfwi;f ? jynfyrStwwfynmESit&if;tES;D rsm; zdwac: G hf f pD;yGm;a&;zHYG NzKd ;wk;d wufatmif wnfaqmufa&; - EkdifiHawmfpD;yGm;a&;wpf&yfvHk;ukd zefwD;Ekirpr;f tm;onf dfIG EkdifiHawmfESifhwkdif;&if;om; jynfolwkdY\vuf0,fwGif&Sda&; vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4)&yf - wpfrsK;d om;vH;k \ pdw"mwfEihf tusipm&dwj rifhrm;a&; f S hf - trsKd;*kPf? Zmwd*kPfjrifhrm;a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rItarG tESprsm;? trsK;d om;a&;vuPmrsm;raysmufysuatmif f f xde;f odr;f apmifa&Smufa&; h - rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf &Sifoefxufjrufa&; - wpfrsK;d om;vH;k use;f rmBucia&;ESiynm&nfjrifrm;a&; hH dk f hf h

pmwnf;csKyf
r[mo'raZmwdu"Z wuovoQio&d dk f f D ("rmp&d,? bDat)

pmwnf;tzJG Y ? jynfpkd;? "rxufukd pDrHa&;&m? NzKd ;rmrm

xk wff a0 ol w
wifp;dk (NrJ -04266) vIiMf unfjzL "r0&pmaywkuEihf d D d fS 'D*spw,fpmMunfwuf f h dk

tjyiftqif uGefysLwm
rk;d Bu;D ? NzKd ;NzKd ;Zmjcnf? jrwfE;dk ykif d

jzefYcsda&;
vIiMf unfjzL"r0&pmaywkuf d D d zke;f - 0980 23992? 0950 01401? 01-507208 rk;d aumif;uifpmay? trSw(f 134)? tcef;(6)? 36-vrf;(v,f)? ausmufwwm;NrKd e,f? &efueNf rKd /YU H U k zke;f -01-253255 xGe;f OD;pmay(rEav;) zke;f 02-39801

Address
Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing House Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar InfoTech, Hlaing Ts, Yangon. Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St, Kyauktada Ts, Yangon. Ph: 0980 23992 , 0950 01401 e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com

yH k E S d y f
wifatmif0if;? bk;d &mZmykEywuf H dS f dk trSw(f 162)? (45)vrf;? AkvwaxmifNrKd e,f/ d f U

zvif
Empire Colour Repro

&mpkopf\ pdeac:rIrsK;pkudk f d H &J&ifwnfMunfaom pdwf h Nir;f csr;f aom d avmutjrifjzifh b0ukd &ifqivsuf atmifjrifpm dk f G jzwfoef;EkiMf uzkYd d "r0&*sme,f zwfMupkhd D

EDITORIAL
"r0D&onf "ropmudk Tefjyonf/

,aeY vlYavmuwGif vlom;wdkYonf rdrdaexdkif&m t&yfa'o? NrdKU&Gmywf0ef;usif rdrd\ vlYb0&yfwnfaeEkdifa&; twGufvnf;aumif; trsKd;bmom omoem tusKd;twGufvnf;aumif;? ae0ifrS aexGuf r&yfrem; BuHpnf BudK;pm; vkyfudkifaeMu ygonf/ xdkodkY vkyfaqmifaeMujcif;onfvnf; rdrdwdkY\ rdom;pkb0 rdrdwdkY\vlrsKd;ESihf wdkif;jynf wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;pnfyif BuD;yGm;vdkMu ud,a&m pdwyg csr;f omvdMk u vkyaqmifaeMujcif;jzpfygonf/ xdrwpfqihf wufvQif rdrb0vHNk cKH a&;ESifh b0oHo&mrS ul;ajrmuf&m k f f f k S d tqihfjrihf txufwef;usus jzpfapa&;wdkYtwGuf jzpfygonf/ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ESihf ywfouf a*gwrAk'u uH? Pf? 0D&d,[laom tajccHusihfBuHaqmif&Guf&rnfh enf;vrf; (3)rsKd;udk vrf;Tefxm;ygonf/ Pf[laom todESihf,SOfyg? vHkYvESihf uH[laom ur= tvkyfudkvkyfMuyg[k a[mMum;xm; ygonf/ ukraCmouonf edAmefaqmfvkyfom; b0uae olaX;jzpfvmjcif;ESihf ywfouf bk&ifAdrdom&u avQmufxm;ojzihf Ak'u b0wdk;wufBuD;yGm;csrf;oma&;twGuf usihfpOf(7)&yfudk vrf;Tefa[mMum;cJhygonf/ if;wdkYrSmO|me0awm= O|me0awm x<uvHkYv&Sd&rnf/ awm= owdrawm owd&Sd&rnf/ okpdur= pifMu,faom udk,frI? EIwfrI? pdwfrI&Sd&rnf/ em=pl edorum&daem ;prf;qifjcifpdppf jyKwwf&rnf/ onw apmihfpnf;aom a`E&Sd&rnf/ onw= em= "rZD0daem w&m;ojzihf toufarG;&rnf/ tyrw= rarhravsmhrI &Sd&rnf/ usihfpOf(7)&yfESihf usihfBuH tm;xkwfvQif rdrd\rdom;pktusKd;o,fydk;aqmif&Gufolonfvnf;aumif;? EkdifiHjynf&GmtusKd; aqmif&Gufolonfvnf;aumif;? bmomomoemtusKd;udk o,fydk; aqmif&Gufolonfvnf;aumif; BuD;yGm;wdk;wuf csrf;om rdrdwdkYb0 ypKyefoHo&mvHkNcHKpdwfcs&ygonf/ b0atmifjrifjcif;qdkonfrSm Nidrf;csrf;jcif;? aysmf&Tifjcif;? tqifajyjcif;ESihf aemufqHk; vGwfajrmufjcif;tusKd;w&m; rsm;jzpfMuygonf/ tusKd;w&m;rsm;udk rdrdwdkY\pdwf"mwftm; jyKjyifapmihf a&Smufxdef;odrf;jcif;jzihfom &&SdEdkifMurnfjzpfygonf/ rdrdjyKvkyfaeorQ tvkyftudkif tBuHtpnf? tajymtqdk taetxdkifrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf; aumif;aomtajymtqdk? tae txdkif? tBuHtpnfawGjzpfatmif tod? owd&Sd&ygrnf/ pD;yGm;a&; vkyaomolonf rdrvyaomtvkyukd ormtmZD0usus wd;k wuf us,jf yefatmif Bupnfaqmif&uaezdvygonf/ f d k f f Y H G f Yk dk ausmif;om;onf rdrd\ ausmif;pmwGif tmHkpl;pdkufNyD; xl;cRefatmif BudK;pm;&ygrnf/ EkdifiHtusKd; jynf&GmtusKd; onfydk;aomolrsm;onfvnf; rdrdEdkifiH rdrdvlrsKd;twGuf y&[dwpdwf"mwf tjynhft0xm;NyD; tod? owdw&m; qifjcifoHk;oyfNyD; aqmif&GufoGm;Mu&ygrnf/ rdrdb0ESihftrsm;olig csrf;oma&;udk aqmif&GufMu&mwGif o'g? arwm? apwem[laom rGefjrwfaomw&m;udk vufudkifxm;NyD; txufyg Ak'a[mMum;aom usihfpOf (7)&yfESihftnD usihfBuH BudK;ukwf tm;xkwfMuygvQif rdrdwdkYrdom;pkb0 om,mcsrf;ajrUMuovdk tjcm;olrsm;\ b0onfvnf; om,mcsrf;ajrUMuygrnf/ xdkYaMumihf rdrdwdkY rdom;pkb0ESihf trsKd;bmom EkdifiHBuD;yGm;vdkfolwdkif;onf w&m;rsm;udk tNrJESvHk;oGif; BudK;pm; aqmif&Guf Muyg[k "r0D&rS wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfvdkufyg&ap/ t,f ' D w m

FORE ARTICLES

"r0D&onf t"rw&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

b' b' E Z ed E o m & (rHk&GmaeZm)

(u) q&mqdkwm teE*dkPf;0ifyg? bk&m; w&m;? oHCm? rdb? q&mqdkwm teaEm teEig;yg;jzpfygw,f/ ]teE} qdkwm ygVd a0g[m& jrefrmvdkuawmh ]tqHk;tydkif; tjcm; r&S d } jzpf w ,f / aus;Zl ; w&m;awG BuD ; rm; rsm;jym;wJh ae&mrSm tqH;k r&Sd ]tqH;k rJ}h jzpfw,f vdkY qdkvdkygw,f/ rdbESpfyg;uawmh vufOD;q&myg/ ]vufOD;q&m? rnfxdkufpGm? ykAmp&d ,? rdEiz} qdkxm;w,fav/ pOf;pm;MunhfaygY? S fh zGm;cgp vljzpfcgp eDwm&Jav;upNyD; rSwf? jcif? ,if? av? aeyl? ab;&efawG roef;atmif at;csrf;oefYpifwJh arwmrGefawGeJY ydk;arG;ovdk axG;ydkuf,k, jyKpkcJhMu&w,f/ tyl tat; tav; taygY? tacsmhtjrL? uvlusnfp,frI awGutp t&m&m wwfodem;vnfatmif oifay;cJh&wm/ toGm;tvm? tpm;tpm? taetxdkif? tajymtqkd? tm;vHk;udk oifay; cJh&wm ]vufOD;q&m} qdkwm oHo,jzpfp&m r&Sdygbl;/ q&mudk ygVdvdk ]tmp&d,} vdkYac: w,f/ tmp&d , qd k w J h q&mawG x J r S m oifMum;ay;cJwhJ q&m? tjriftmHay;wJh q&m? h k tMum;tmHkay;wJh q&m? ]oifq&m? jrifq&m Mum;q&m} awG yg0ifw,f/ pmra&;wwfcif q&mu uHhulwHudk udkifay;NyD; pma&;wwf atmif oifay;cJhw,f/ ]uHhulvufvSnhfq&m} vdkY ac:wmaygY? a&SUu a0g[m&yg? a&S;wkef;u ausmuf o if y k e f ; ? yk & yd k u f ? ay&G u f a wG r S m ausmufwH? uHhulwH? unpfawGeJY pma&;cJhMu w,fav/ ,aeYacwfrSm ausmif;pmoifcef;u q&m? q&mrawG usL&Sifq&mawG[mvnf; q&m*dkPf;0ifawGyg? usL&Sifq&mawGu tc aMu;aiG,lNyD; oifMum;ay;wmjzpfvdkY aus;Zl; wifp&mrvdkygbl;[k ypfypfcgcg ajymwwfMu w,f/ ynmawGudk tojymaiGaMu;ay;,lNyD; oifMum;MuwJh q&mawGrSm ]apwem} qdkwm udkvnf; xnhfay;wwfMuwm xnhfay;aeMu wmudk owdrloihfygao;w,f/

(c) oifMum;ay;wJh yk*dKvfom q&mrnf wm r[kwfao;yg/ tjrifeJY jywJh jrifq&mawG[mvnf; ]jrifq&m} awGyg/ vlwpfa,muf[m zrf;rdwhJ ig;awGukd ajrmufwifNyD; yg;pyf[um pm;wwfwJh AsdKif;&JU yHk&dyf? AsdKif;udkjrifNyD; vSHudk tay:odkY ajrmufwif um zrf;,lwJh twwfudkaumif;pGmwwfoGm;yg w,f/ tJ'D ynmeJY vSnvnfjyo ynmjy&mrSm fh xl;qef; tHhMozG,f ynm&yfjzpfvdkY jrifolwum wdkYu csD;usL;axmyem jyKMuygw,f/ ]]oihf&JU q&m[m b,folygvJ}} vdkY tifwmAsL;wJhtcg q&mu AsKd i;f qdwhJ t[dww&pmefjzpfaew,f/ k f d ]jrifq&m} jzpfaew,fav/ wd&pmefudk q&mvdkYajym&rSm &SufwJh twGuf ]]olYrSm q&mr&Sdygbl;}} vdkY aus;Zl;uef; pum;ajymvduw,f/ rMumygbl;? aemufwpfcg k f vSHudk tay:odkY ajrmufwifNyD; yg;pyfeJY zrf;wJh tcgrSm tmacgifudk vSHpl;NyD; aoyGJ0ifoGm;& w,f/ tJ'upNy;D ]q&mudk umjyef&if tmacgif D vSHpl;NyD;aowwfw,f}} qdkwJh pum;wpf&yf owfowfrSwfrSwf jzpfay:vmcJhwmaygY/ pmaya[majymyGJawG w&m;yGJawG em;axmifNyD; &&SdwJh todynmawG[mvnf; wefzdk;BuD;rm;ygw,f/ a[majymyGJq&mawG? "ruxdu yk*dKvfawG[m rdrdudk yJhjyifqHk;r Mo0g'ay;wJholawG[m ]]Mum;q&m}} awGygyJ/

(*) [dkwkef;uawmh rdbNyD;&if vufOD; q&m[m bk e f ; awmf B uD ; awG y J j zpf c J h w ,f / bkef;BuD;ausmif;ynma&;pepfeJY vlwpfvHk; olwpfv;kH jzpfvmMuwJh yk*Kd vawGvnf; renf; f raemrsm;vSygw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u rdbrsm;u vnf; olw&UJ om;orD;rsm;udk bke;f awmfBu;D xH Ykd tyfESHMu&mrSm ]]ynmoifMum;ay;ygbk&m;? vdrm,Ofaus;atmif dkufESufNyD; qHk;rEkdifyg w,fbk&m;}} vdkY avQmufxm;um tyfESHavh&SdcJh ygw,f/ ,aeYacwfrSmawmh dkufESuf qHk;r oihf roihfqdkwJh udpudk tav;teufpOf;pm; aeMuygNyD/ trSefrSmawmh q&m[m wynhfudk duEuq;kH rjcif;[m rke;f vdr[kwygbl;? ]]cspvYkd k f S f Yk f f dkufwm rSwfyg}} tdk;xdef;onf[m tdk;vkyfwJh tcgrSm td;k rsm;udk duywjf cif;[m td;k uGatmif k f k J r[kwfygbl;? tdk;aumif;atmif vSyaooyf atmif tdk;jzpfatmif dkufovdkygyJ/ ]]vl B uD ; rd b ? q&mpom;? pd k ; & ocif aus;Zl ; &S i f w d k Y ? jypf w if a rmif ; rJ ? d k u f y k w f q J v nf ; ? 0rf ; xJ ,H k Y , H k Y ? ,k e f v Qif usKH U od k Y ? qd k w H k Y r 0H h ? apmif r mef n H h ? aMumuf & G H U d k a o? onf ; cH a xG j zih f } } ponf h avmuom&ysKd U rS m zG J U T e f ; xm;ygw,f / qdkvdkwmuawmh vdrm,Ofaus;apcsifvdkY rdb q&morm;rsm;u jypfwifqJqdkdkufykwfvQif cspfaMumufdkaopGm cH,lwwfMuzdkYygyJ/

FORE ARTICLES
"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smufonf/ (C) ig;&mhig;q,f edygwfawmf? wdvrk|d Zmwfrm wuovjf ynf? 'domygarmuq&mBu;D S kd xH ynmoif&ef a&mufaewJh rif;om;wpf a,muf[m tzGm;tdkwpfOD;ydkifwJh ESrf;cif;xJu ESrf;jzLawGudk vufwpfqkyf,l,lNyD;pm;w,f/ ydkif&Sifudk awmif;jcif;r&SdbJ ESrf;jzLwpfqkyf wpfqkyf,loGm;wm wpfcgru-ESpfcgruawmh ygbl;? oHk;cgajrmuf ,lpm;wJhtcgrSm ESrf;cif; yd k i f & S i f t zG m ;tk d [ m onf ; rcH E k d i f a wmh b J ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;udk wdkifMum;vdkufygw,f/ q&mBuD;[m wdkifpma&mufvmawmh wuovausmif;om;udk 0g;jcrf;jym;eJY duEuf kd f k f S qH;k rNy;D tjypf'Pfay;ygw,f/ 'DupeYJ ywfouf d NyD ; ausmif ; om;[m q&mud k tnd K ;aw; xm;vdkufw,f/ wuodkvfausmif;om;awG a&SUrSmolYudk t&SufuGJatmif vkyfw,faygY? 'Dq&mBuD;udk igrauseyfbl;? igYwdkif;jynfjyef a&mufvdkY ig rif;jzpfwJhtcg vufpm;acs& r,fvdkY tmCmw&efndK;xm;vdkufygw,f/ &Sifbk&ifhom;awmf rif;om;wpfyg; jzpfwJh wuodkvfausmif;om;[m ynmpHkvdkY a&TbHkjyefa&mufNyD;wJhtcg ]]ol}}&Sifbk&ifjzpfwJh tcg wuodkvfu 'domygarmuq&mBuD;udk {nhf0wfjyKcsifvdkY olYxHvma&muf vnfywfyg &ef zd w f r E u jyKvd k u f w ,f / trS e f r S m awmh {nf0wfjyKcsivYdk aus;Zl;qyfcsivYkd r[kwygbl;? h f f f ausmif;awmfu xm;cJhwJh ]]ausmif;awmfu &efp}} vdYk qdEiwhJ ]ol&UJ tmCmwudk taumif k dk f Y txnfazmf&efomjzpfygw,f/ vkyBf uowfjzwf H &eftxd &nf&G,fcJhwmyg/ 'gayr,fh ynmtajrmftjrifBuD;rm; wJh ygarmuBuD;[m rif;om;u zdwfzdwfcsif; roGm;bJ trsufrmefajy&ef tcsdefqJGNyD;oGm;yg w,f/ olom dkufESufNyD; rqHk;rcJh&if raumif; wJhtusihfygNyD; rif;jzpfzdkY tcGihfta&;udkyif qH;k yg;oGm;EkiaMumif; ajymjywJtcg rif;om;[m d f h &efnKd ;ajyNy;D q&mBu;D tm; aumif;pGm auR;arG; {nhfcHcJhygw,f/ q&morm;rsm;&JU aus;Zl;w&m;rsm; udk aumif;pGmodjrifum aus;Zl;qyfEiMf uygap/ dk b' E Z ed E o m&(o' r a Zmwd u "Z)

Ak'*wum D d
q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

(kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;)
wd aw & 0w K Ak'&iawmfjrwfonf a0omvDjynf S f aeawmf r l a omtcg av;vuk e f o jzif h y&d e d A m ef p H a wmf r l t H h [ k tm,k o cF g & vTwfawmfrlrnfudk Mum; oufawmfxif&Sm; bk&m;&Sdcdkuf r*fPf zdkvfPfudk &vdkuf atmif usif h t H h [ k tm;xk w f a om wd rax&f u d k taMumif ; jyK]]y0d a 0u&oH ydwGm}}paom *gxmudk a[mawmfrlonf/ y0da0u&oH ydwGm? &oH Oyor p/ ed'a&m a[mwd edygayg? "ryDwd&oH yd0H/ jrefrmuAsm qdwfNidrf&m &xdkufvSpGm? r*fzdkvfat;jr "r&om? ESpfodrfhtm;& aomuf&olrSm? qif;&Jjcif; jypfuif;vGefcsrf;om/
Having tastad the flavour of seclusion and the flavour of Nibbana's Peace, woeless and stainless becomes he, drinking the taste of the joy of the Dhamma.

ted p q l ;
ql;ay:zufa&muf? zufaygufvuFm 'DrSmvGJrSm;? ql;usdK;oGm;NyD? ql;rsm;todw&m;? owdxm;avmh/ / ynwfwzef? jyKMujyefawmh usm;rtjzpf? b0opfeJY? vljzpfMuw,f? armifESihfr,f/ / EkwJh'Dzuf? ql;roufeJY? ql;oufzufayguf? ql;a&mufzufem? ayguf&&Smonf? a&S;uvuFm? onfrSm&SdcJhonf/ / ,cktcg? vlY&GmwGif? yrmyHkcdkif;? wkEdIif;r&Sd? vSygbdESihf? todoG,fjzm? vSunm/ / oaEwnfvm? urmemaMumihf? vSwpf&mxuf? b0ysufr,f? tvSrrufeJY tedpql;.../ / ud k B uD ; aEG ; (yk Z G e f a wmif )

pum;ajy// qdwfNidrf&m&tyfaom r*fPf zd k v f Pf wnf ; [l a om t&omud k v nf ; aumif;? udavom[l tylcyfor;f uif;Nir;f &m d d ed A m ef \ (tm&r P ow d tmH k j yKjcif ; wnf ; [l a om) t&omud k v nf ; aumif ; aomuf o H k ; &aomaMumif h w&m;awmf \ ES p f o d r f h c srf ; om Nrd K uf & omud k aomuf o H k ; &aomolonf qif;&JylyefrIESifh raumif;rIrl uif;a0;um csrf;omat;jrav\/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

jA[Pav;rsm;(1)
&S i f P(zsmyH k )
yif arG;zGm;NyD;csdefvnf; a&S;enf;twl EdkYCem qGrf; vSL'gef;Muonf/ oli,fudk trnfrSnhf r*FvmjyKaom tcgwGif t&Sifom&dykw&mtrSL;&Sdaom oHCm awmfig;&mudk aetdroYkd yihzwjf yefum o&P*H?k f f d oDvcH,laqmufwnfMuNyD;aemuf EdkYCemqGrf; qufuyfvSL'gef;Mu\/ o&P*HkoDv aqmuf wnf&ef[aompdwjf zihf rdcifjzpfou oli,fukd l l t&S i f o m&d y k w & ma&S U od k Y csay;aomtcg ol i ,f o nf t&S i f o m&d y k w & mtm; ol \ aus;Zl;&SifrSef;odaeojzihf ol\ tdfyf&mcif;jzpf aom tzd k ; wpf o d e f ; wef o nf h ur v mud k qGJ,lvm\/ oli,f\ txdef;awmfwdkY u rawmfwq qG,vmonftxifEifh urvmudk J l S qGJ,lMu&m oli,fu t,lrcHyJ idka<u; av onf/ xdktcg rdbrsm;u om;oli,f\ tvdkqEudk odvdkojzihf txdef;awmfrsm;tm; [efYwm;vdkufNyD; MunhfIaeMu&m oli,fonf urvmudk t&Sifom&dykw&ma&SU ta&muf qG J , l v mNyD ; rS vT w f c s(vS L 'gef ; )vd k u f o nf / oli,f\ rdbESpfyg;u om;qEudk od&Sd oGm; ]]t&Sib&m;&JU wynhu tzd;k wpfoe;f wef ol&UJ f k f d Y tdy&mcif; urvmudk vSL'gef;ygw,fb&m;}} [k f k avQmufxm;vSL'gef;ay;vdkufMu\/ xdkuJhokdY t&Sifom&dykw&mudk MunfndKo'g xufoef vS a om om;tm; rd b ES p f y g;u t&S i f om&dykw&m\ i,femrnfwpfpdwfwpfydkif;jzpf atmif ]wdowdom;} [k trnfemrrSnac: Yk fh vdkufMuavonf/ wdowdkYom; zGm;jrifonfhtcsdefrS p ol\ rdbESpfyg;rSm om;udktaMumif;jyK vsuf aumif;rIukokdvftrsKd;rsKd;jyKcGihf&cJhMuav onf/ om;i,ftm; xrif;cGHUr*Fvm? em;xGif; r*Fvm? ykqdk;0wfr*Fvm? aoQmifxHk;r*FvmwdkY tpOftvmtwdi;f jyK&mwGif t&Siom&dyw&m k f k trSL;&SdaomoHCmig;&mwdkYudk yihfzdwfvsuf EkCemqGr;f udk qufuyfvLS 'gef;Ny;D y&dowfrsm; Yd udk auR;arG;cJhMu&\/ xdkuJhokdY om;i,fwd owdom;udk taMumif;jyKNy;D yGm;&aom ukovf Yk dk um; rNyD;qHk;Ekdifao;? om;i,fckepfESpfom; (pmrsufESm 8 okdY)

ol o nf a *gwrbk & m;&S i f \ rsuf arS m uf o moemacwf t wG i f ; rS m vl t jzpf ESpfBudrf&&SdcJholjzpf\/ ol\ omoemacwf twGif; vljzpfpOf? twdwfb0rSm qif;&JEGrf;yg; aom r[maoernfaom ykPm;wpfa,muf jzpfcJh\/ ol\ rdwfaqGrSm t&Sifom&dykw&m\ crnf;awmf 0uFEykPm;BuD;jzpfonf/ t&Sifom&dykw&monf ol\ crnf; awmf 0uFEykPm;BuD;\ rdwfaqG&if;csmjzpf aom ]r[maoe} udk csD;ajrmufvdkaom qE jzihf r[maoeaexdkif&m &mZN*dK[fNrdKUwGif;&Sd aetdrfodkY qGrf;cH<ua&mufav&m r[maoe ykPm;BuD;rSm vSL'gef;zG,f&mr&Sd? qif;&JEGrf;yg; aecsejf zpfae qGr;f wpfa,mufrrQyif rvSLEkif d d tdrfxJrSm ykef;ae&&Smonf/ 'kwd,aeY t&Sifom&dykw&m qGrf;cH <uvmaomtcg yxraeYenf;wl vSLp&m ypnf;r&Sd tdrfxJrSmyif ykef;a&Smifae&onf/ wwd,ajrmufaeY t&Sifom&dykw&m qGrf;cH<u vmaomtcgwGifrl ykPm;wdkY\ a[majymyGJ wpfckrS ykqdk;Murf;wpfxnfESihf EdkYCemqGrf;rsm; avmif;vSLavonf/ EdkYCemqGrf;wpf0ufcefY avmif;vSLNyD;aomtcg t&Sifom&dykw&mu oydwfudkvufESihf ydwfvdkuf\/ xd k t cg r[maoeyk P m ;BuD ; u ]t&Sifbk&m; 'DedkYCemxrif;[m wpfa,muf pmomjzpfygw,f/ wynhfawmfudk 'Dwpfb0 twGufom csD;ajrmufawmfrrlygeJY? aemufb0 twGufyg csD;ajrmufawmfrlyg? tukefavmif; vSLyg&apbk&m;} [k avQmufxm;vdu&m t&Sif k f om&dykw&mu EkdYCem qGrf;udk tukeftvSLcH

um r[maoeykPm;BuD;a&SUrSmyif bkOf;ay; oH;k aqmifawmfrvu\/ rax&fjrwfqr;f bkO;f l kd f G ay;NyD;aomtcg ykPm;BuD;u ol&&Sdvmaom ykq;kd Murf;udk qufvufvLS 'gef;Ny;D qkawmif;av onf/ ]]t&Sib&m; wynfawmfonf ,aeY f k h vSL'gef;&aom aumif;rIukokdvfaMumifh t&Sif bk&m;wdkY odjrifxm;aom w&m;udkodjrif& ygvd\ bk&m;}} [kavQmufxm;vdu\/ xdtcg k k f k t&Sifom&dykw&mu ]]ykPm;BuD; oifvdktyf aomqktwdkif; jynhfpHkygap}} [k `rGwfMum;um qGrf;tEkarm'emw&m; csD;jrihfNyD;aemuf a0VK 0efausmif;awmfodkY jyef<uavonf/ r[maoe ykPm;BuD; toufwrf; uHukef aovGefaomtcg om0wdNrdKUawmfrS t&Sifom&dykw&m\ 'g,umjzpfaom aetdrf wpf t d r f w G i f 'g,d u mr\ 0rf ; Mumwd k u f y#doaEwnfavonf/ xdkodkYy#doaEwnf onfEifh ud,0efaqmif&aom rdcifonf t&Sif S k f om&dykw&mtrSL;&Sdaom oHCmawmf ig;&mwdkY tm; yihfzdwfum a&ra&maom EdkYCemqGrf; vSL'gef;vdkpdwfjzpfay:vmonf/ olrudk,fwdkif vnf; zef&nfpGef;aom t0wf 0wfqifNyD; oHCmawmfwdkY\ ae&mtpGefrSmxdkifNyD; oHCm awmfwdkY\ pm;<uif;pm;usefudk a&TcGufjzihf xnfh pm;aomufvdkaom csifjcif;jzpfay: vm\/ orD ; jzpf o l jzpf a y:vmaom ]csifjcif;} udk rdbrsm;od&SdMuvQif ]]igwdkYorD;&JJU csifjcif;} uw&m;awmfeJY nDygayw,f}} [k csD;rGrf;ajymqdkMuNyD; udk,f0efaqmiforD;\ qE twdkif; aqmif&Gufay;Mu\/ rarG;zGm;rD jyKvkyf aom r*FvmyGwif t&Siom&dyw&mESifh oHCm J G f k awmfig;&mwdkYtm; EdkYCemqGrf;vSL'gef;ouJhokdY

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;udk jyqkdonf/

Ak'a*gwr\ pMu0Vm(urm)tjrif
wu o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r m p&d , ? B.A) 3/ NydwmbHk=t0wf? tpm;taomuf? bHkAdrmef wdkYESihf uif;uGmNyD; awmawmif jrpfacsmif;wdkY ae&NyD;vQif qif;&JpGm aexdkifpm;aomuf&ol rsm;? tcsdKUrpm;raomuf&aom Nydwmrsm; jzpf Muonf/ NydwmtrsKd;tpm;(24)rsKd;&Sdonf/ xd k N yd w m wnf ae&ma'oud k Nyd w m bH k [ k ac:onf/ 4/ tol&um,fbHk=pnf;pdrfcHpm;&m ewfrsm; uJhodkY tpdk;w& ydkifEkdifpGm rcHpm;&aomolrsm; ud k tol & um,f [ k a c:onf / tcsd K Uaom tol&um,fwonf aeYwioccsr;f omcHpm;& Ykd G f k NyD; nwGif qif;&JcHpm;&ygonf/ tcsdKUonf nwGif csrf;omcHpm;&NyD; aeYwGif qif;&JcHpm;&onf/ tcsdKUrSm (7)&uf csrf;omcHpm;&NyD; (7)&ufqif;&JcHpm;&onf/ od k Y j zih f aeY c H - npH ? ncH - aeY p H ponftm;jzihf qif;&JcHpm;&aom tcsdefrsm;u Mum;0if a eaomaMumih f pnf ; pd r f c H p m;&m pdwfat;vufat;rcHpm;&? &J&ifhjcif;r&Sdaom ow0gtpkudk tol&um,f[kac:onf/ trsm;tm;jzihf ukokdvf? tukokdvf a&maESmaqmif&Gufolrsm; ukokdvfvkyfu tm; Bu;D vQif xdtol&um,fboa&mufMuavonf/ k kH Ykd tol & m(3)rsKd ; &S d o nf (u) ewftol&m= jrihfrdk&fawmifajcaeaom tqihfjrihfewftok&mjzpfonf/ wm0wd Hom rS ypfcscHcJh&aom wm0wd HomewfrsKd;tEG,f 0if tok&mrsm;jzpfonf/ (c) Nydwmtok&m= ork'&mjrpfurf;ajcaeNyD; tvGeiwfrwpm cHpm;ae&aom umvuu f G f G d Nydwmtok&mtrsKd;rsm;jzpfonf/ jrpfxJa&muf u a&crf;oGm;onf/ tNrJqmavmifae&aom NydwmrsKd;onf/ (*) 0dedygwdutok&m=bkrpdk;-kupdk;ewfrif; BuD;rsm;udk rSDwG,fuyf&yfae&aom ewfao;ewfrTm;rsm;jzpfonf/ (wd&pmef? Nywm? tol&um,fwwif bHo;D oefY d Ykd G k r&Sd? ,if;wdkY\ cEmwnf&Sd&m ae&monf bHk rnfMuonf/ umrok * wd ( 7)bH k rsufpd? em;? ESm? vQm? udk,f[laom

,cif o D w if ; ywf r S t quf

t&H i &J i ,f r sm; i&J i ,f r sm;onf i&J B uD ; wpf c k t&yf(4)rsufESmjzihf ajrmufu (16_8=128) i&Ji,faygif; &Sdonf[k oHudpZmwfawmf qdkyg onf/ ,if;(4)rsufESm&Sd i&Ji,frsm;rSm 1/ bifykyfi&J =i&JrBuD;bHk\ rD;vQH qHk;&m t&yfwnf&Sdonf/ rpifywwjYkd zifh jynhum Bu;D rm;aom k f f ydk;avmufwdkYjzihf jynhfaeonf/ i&JBu;D rS vGwaomolwonf i&J f Ykd cH&vSnhfqdkufygu i&J qufvufcH& onf/ i&J&Sd ydk;avmufwdkYu udkufjzwfpm; aomufjcif;udk cH&onf/ 2/jjymyli&J=urmywfvHk; wnfaom&J&JnD;aom trIefYrIefYjzpfaom jymylwdkYjzihf jynhfvQHaom jymylyifv,fi&Jjzpfonf/ jymyl cstyf a om rk e f n i f ; aph ? ES r f ; aph r sm;? zspf z spf j rnf a yguf u G J c J h o uJ h o k d Y aygufuGJum cHpm;ae&aom i&Jjzpfonf/ 3/ vufyHawmi&J=tvGefpl;&Saom oefvsuf ES i h f w l a omt&G u f w d k Y j zih f zH k ; vT r f ; xm;aom

vuf y H awmi&J j zpf o nf / tv,f qifaumifwpfrQ Bu;D aomus;D vif;wwd&onf/ Yk dS vuf y H p l ; t&G u f w d k Y u pl ; 0if o nf / usD;vif;wwdkYu xdk;qdwfpm;aomufcH&onf/ (oHvsufawmi&J[lvnf;&Sdonf/) 4/ Budrfydkufacsmif;i&J =aMu;eDyla&[kac:aom tvGefpyfiefonfjrpfacsmif;a&rsm; t[kefjyif; pGmpD;qif;aeaom a&jyifxuf ayyifvHk;? xef;yifvHk;? yrmP&Sdaom tvGefxufaom toGm;&Sdonfh oHpl;? oH&GufwdkYonf BudrfEG,f ydkufuGefozG,f vdrf,Suf urf;ESpfbuf ul;,Sufumwnfonf/ i&Jom;rsm;u EGm;rsm;udk jrufawm xJokdY dkufarmif;oGif;ouJhokdY trsKd;rsKd;aom "m;vHvufeufwdkYjzihf xdk;um armif;oGif;cH&NyD; xdkoHpl;rsm;\ pl;0ifESdyfpufjcif;udk cH&onf/ 2/ wd&pmefbHk=rdk;udkausmay; uefYvefYoGm; jcif;? &yfjcif;? tdyfjcif;? pm;jcif;jyKwwfaom ow0grsm;u a&ae-uke;f ae? ow0gtm;vH;k udk wd&pmef[kac:onf/ xdkow0grsm; aexdkif&m ae&ma'o udk wd&pmefbHk[kac:onf/ oD;oefYbHkr&Sdacs/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf pdwfESvHk;ESifhb0udk Nidrf;csrf;aponf/ pdwvwma&uef? ok"rmZ&yf plVrkedpaom xif&Sm;aomtaqmufttHkrsm;&Sdonf/ oufwrf;= 1000 ESpf vlwdkY\ tESpf(100)onf wm0wd H om (1)&ufjzpfonf/ vlwdkY\ ESpfta&twGuf 36oef;&Sd onf/ (ewfjynf wpfjynfESihf wpfjynf 4 quGmonf) (9000000_4= 36000000) 3/ ,mrmewfbHk= ylyefjyif;xefaom qif;&J r&SdbJ ewfpnf;pdrfudk aumif;pGmcHpm;&aom bHk jzpfonf/ ok,mrewfrif;tkyfcsKyfonf/ oufwrf;= 2000 ESpf vlw\ ESpf 200 onf ,mrmewfwYkd Ykd (1)&uf vlwdkY\ ESpfta&twGuf 14 uka# 4oef; 4/ wkodwmewfbHk= rsm;pGmESpfouf&Tifvef; aysm&iBf u;D us,jf rihjf rwfaom pnf;pdrf usuo f T f a&rsm;ESihf jynhfpHkaom bHkjzpfonf/ oEKdw ewfrif;u tkyfcsKyfonf/ oufwrf;= 4000 ESpf vlwdkY\ ESpf 400 onf,mrm 1 &uf vl w d k Y \ ES p f t a&twG u f (57)uk a # (6)oef;&Sdonf/ 5/ ed r m e&wd b H k = wef c d k ; zef q if ; jcif ; jzih f aysmfyg; arGUavsmfaom ewfwdkY\ aexdkif&m t&yfa'o okedrdw ewfrif;u tkyfcsKyfonf/ oufwrf; 8000 vlwdkY\ ESpf(800)onf edrme&wd bHk (1)&uf vlwdkY\ ESpfta&twGuf 230 uka# 4oef; 6/ y&dedrdw0o0wdbHk= olwpfyg; zefqif; xm;onfhtwkdif; tvdkodkYvdkuf ae&aom ewfwdkY \ ae&ma'o 0o0wdewfrif;u tkyfcsKyfonf/ rm&fewfrif;vnf;&Sdonf/ oufwrf;= 16000 ESpf vlwdkU\ tESpf 1600 onf (1)&uf vlwdkY\ ESpfta&twGuf 921 uka# 6 oef;&Sdonf/ ewfbHkwdkY\ wpfbHkESihf wpfbHktuGm ta0;onf ,lZem 42000 uGma0;onf/ usrf;ukd; oN*F dK[fbmom#Dum t&SifZeumbd0Ho wuokdvfoQifoD&d (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/) (pmrsufESm 6 rS) t&G,fa&mufaomtcg om;i,fwdowdkY om;u t&Sifom&dykw&mxHrSm omraP0wf vdkygaMumif; rdbESpfyg;tm; cGihfawmif;vmjyef aomaMumih f rd b ES p f y g;u om;jzpf o l u d k tcrf ; tem;BuD ; us,f p G m qif , if u sif ; yNyD ; ausmif;awmfodkY ydkYaqmifum &SifjyKay;Muav onf/ t&Sifom&dykw&mrax&fu wd owd k Y o m;ud k ]]qH y if ? arG ; n i f ; ? ajconf ; ? vuf o nf ; ? oG m ;? ta&xl ? ta&yg;}}paom wpy u ur | mef ; ud k a[mMum;um &S i f j yKay;avonf / wd owd k Y o m;onf xd k t csd e f r S p ]]wd omraP}} trnf & cJ h a wmh o nf / wd omraP\ rdbESpfyg;vnf; om;xl;om;jrwf aMumihf 'geaumif;rI? rjywfjyKae&avonf/ om;i,fonf omraP0wfonfh tcsdefrSp ckepf&ufywfvHk; ]]&SifjyKylaZmfyGJBuD;}} usif;yum oHCmawmfrsm;tm; EkdYCemqGrf;csufjyKwfNyD; vSL'gef;ylaZmfMuonf/ ckepf&ufwdkifwdkif tvSL BuD;ay;NyD;aemuf rdbESpfyg;aetdrfodkY jyefMu aomtcg wdomraPonf oHCmawmfrsm; ESihftwl om0wdNrdKUawmftwGif; qGrf;cH<uav &m 'g,um 'g,dumrwdkYu NrdKUwGif;rS qD;BudK um wdomraPtm; qGr;f tkyig;&mvSL'gef; f MuNyD; aemufaeYwGifrl vSLzG,fypnf;rsm;udk ausmif; Oypmxdatmif vma&mufvLS 'gef;ylaZmf Mujyef\/ wd omraP uJ h o k d Y vmbf aygrsm;&jcif ; rS m twd w f b 0r[m aoe yk P m ;BuD ; jzpf p Of t&S i f o m&d y k w & mtm; EkdYCemqGrf;ESifh ykqdk;Murf;wpfxnf rGefjrwf aomapwemjzih f vS L 'gef ; cJ h o nf h 'ge aumif ; rI a Mumih f vmbf a yg rsm;cJ h j cif ; yif jzpf o nf / aqmif;&moDwpfaeYaom eHeufcif; wGif ]wdomraP} onf ausmif;wdutwGi;f k f vSnhfvnfMunhfI&m at;vGef;vS rD;vHIaeMu aom &[ef;rsm;udjk rifaomtcg ]]t&Sib&m;wkYd f k urvmtvdk&Sdaom &[ef;rsm; wynhfawmfESihf vdkufcJhawmfrlygbk&m;}} [k avQmufxm;&m &[ef;wpfaxmifwdkY wdomraPESihf twl om0wdNrdKUawmfwGif;odkY vdkufygcJhMu\/ om0wdNrdKUawmf qifajczHk;odkY a&muf aomtcg urvmukefonfwpfOD;u urvm ig;&mvSL\/ &[ef;ig;&mtwGuf vdkaeao;o jzih f Nrd K Uawmf w G i f ; od k Y quf < uawmf r l M u\/

tmHkig;yg; umr*kPfcsrf;omjzihf aumif;pGm vm;a&muf&aom vlYjynfESihf ewfjynf(6)xyf udk umrok*wdbHk[lac:ygonf/ vlYbHk = vlom;wdkY aexdkif&mbHk jzpf w wf - ysuf w wf a om oabm obm0&Sdaom t&mudk avmu[kac:onf/ xdkavmurS avm-udk,l a-g o&udk -Io&jyK NyD; vl[l ac:qdkonf/ -taMumif;ESihftusKd; taumif;ESihf tqdk;udk cGJjcm;odwwfvmaomaMumihf vl[l ac:onf/ xdkvlYbHkonf wm0wd Homewf? ajrmufuRef;(Ow&ukk)wdkYxuf &J&ihfrI? cdkifNrJ aom owd&SdrIU? jrwfaomtusihfudk usihfEkdifrIY [laom (3)csufomonf/ -r*fzdkvf edAmef&Ekdifaom tcGihfxl; *kPfxl; bk&m;&[Em yapumAk'gponfwdkYudk &J&ihfpGm qkyefEkdif? usihfEkdifaom xufjruf&J&ihf aom pdwf"mwfarG;jrLEkdifovdk tyg,fav;yg; odkY usa&mufEkdifaom trdowf? tzowf[l aom ymeE&d,uHudkvnf; &J&ihfxufjruf aom pdwfjzihf jyKEkdifaombHkjzpfonf/ ewf j ynf ( 6)xyf 1/pwk r [m&mZf e wf b H k = BuD ; jrwf a om pwk ewfrif;BuD; (4)yg;tkyfcsKyfae&m jrif;rdk&fawmif wpf0uf t&yfa'ojzpfonf/ (1) "w&|- aiG a &mif a wmuf y aeaom tv,fjrif;rdk&fawmifta&SUbuf *EA(uacs onfewfrsm;)udk tkyfcsKyfonf/ (2) 0dlVu= jra&mifawmufyaom jrif;rdk&f awmif\ awmifbuftv,frsufESm ukrPf (Opmapmihf)rsm;udk tkyfcsKyfonf/ (3) 0dlyu- ykvJa&mifawmufyaom jrif;rkd&f awmif\ taemufbuf tv,frsufESm e*g; wdkYudk tkyfcsKyfonf/ (4) uka0&=a&Ta&mifawmufyaom ajrmuf buf j rif ; rk d & f a wmif \ tv,f r suf E S m ewfbDvl;rsm;udk tkyfcsKyfonf/ oufwrf;= ewfouftESp(500) vlw\ tESpf f Ykd (50)onf pwkr[m&mZf(1)&uf vlwdkY\ ESpf ta&twGuf (9)oef; 2/ wm0wd HewfbHk= jrif;rdk&fawmifxdyfwGif&SdNyD; odMum;rif; trSL;jyKaom (33)OD;aom ewfppf olBuD;rif;wdkY tkyfcsKyf&aom t&yfa'o odMum;rif;u tkyfcsKyfonf/ yZmywd? 0kPESifh ometrnf&Sd aom ewfppfolBuD;(3)OD; OD;aqmifonf/ -a0Z,Emjymom'f? yifv,fuopf yif y@Kurvmausmufzsm? eE0efO,smOf?

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf avmuD avmukw&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/ xdtcsewif omraPwpfyg;u urvmrSeorQukd k df G f vduNf y;D odrf;,laew,f? oihfurvmrsm;udk k zHk;0Sufxm;yg}} [k remvdk 0efwdkpdwfjzihf ajym Mum;&m urvmonfu ]]omraPu vSLrSom ,lrSm? igYypnf;udk igvSLrS jzpfwmyg}} [kajymNyD; qdkifcif;NrJtwdkif; cif;usif;a&mif;csae\/ rMumrDtcsdefuav;twGif;rSmyif wd omraPES i h f &[ef ; wpf a xmif w d k Y qdkifa&SUa&muf&SdvmMu\/ qdkifa&SUwGif&yfawmf rl a eaom wd omraP\ rsuf E S m ud k jrif v k d u f & vQif om;wpf a ,muf u J h o d k Y cspf c if j cif ; jzpf a y:vmum qd k i f & S i f o nf urvmig;&mvHk;udk vSLvdkufMuavawmhonf/ wdomraPu uJhodkY wpf&ufwnf;ESihf ur v mwpf a xmif tvS L cH & &S d c J h j cif ; rS m rsuf a rS m uf u mv wd owd k Y o m;trnf r*FvmjyKvkyfpOfu t&Sifom&d ykw&mtm; tzdk;wpfodef;xdkufonfh urvmvSLcJhaom uk o d k v f u H u wH k Y j yef j cif ; yif j zpf a yonf / wd omraPonf aZw0ef ausmif; awmf w G i f aexd k i f p Of vmbf a yg bkef;uHBuD;rm;pGmae&aomfvnf; raysmfarGU tvSLay; yk*dKvfwdkYESihf tmvmyovmy pum; ajymae&ojzihf tcsdefrsm; ukefqHk;aeonf? olYtzdkY w&m;yif tm;xkwfcsdefr&Sd? xdkYaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;xHrS ]ur|mef;usihfpOf} awmif;NyD; om0wd N rd K Uawmf E S i h f ,l Z emwpf & mh E S p f q ,f a0;aom awm&G m uav; wpf & G m aexd k i f oDwif;oHk;NyD; ur|mef;w&m; tm;xkwfae awmh\/ &GmwGif; qGrf;cH0ifpOf w&m;tus,f ra[m ]]csrf ; omMuygap? qif ; &J w G i f ; rS vGwfMuygap}} [k xdkpum; ESpfcGef;oma[m\/ xd k & G m av;wG i f wd omraP w&m;tm;xkwf aexdkif&m 0guRwfaomtcg wd omraPav;onf tmoa0gw&m; ukefcrf; omraP&[EmjzpfawmfrlcJhav onf/ xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf om0wdNrdKU odkY aZw0efausmif;awmfrS wdomraP aexdkifaom awm&Gm(ausmif;)odkY <ua&muf "ra'oemudk a[mMum;qH;k rawmfravonf l ]]vmbf & aMumif ; tusih f o nf wpfjcm;wnf;/ edAmefa&mufaMumif; tusihf onf wpfjcm;wnf;/ tusihfESpfrsKd;ESpfpm; udk cGJjcm;od bk&m;&Sif\ wynhfom;&[ef; onf vmbf y l a Zmf o umud k rES p f o uf & m 0da0u w&m;udom wd;k yGm;ap&m\}} ("ry'? k Amv0*f? ywd omraPZmwf) &S i f P(zsmyH k )

'*H k q &mxG e f ;

twk r &S d A k ' j rwf p G m bk & m;&S i f o nf aZw0efausmif;awmfBuD; oDwif;oHk;aeawmf rlpOf &[ef;wpfyg;onf omoem NiD;aiGUae aomaMumihf? jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu ac:awmfrlNyD; igbk&m;\ y&dowfrsm;tv,fwGif omoem awmf NiD;aiGUaomtjzpfudk tb,faMumihf xif&Sm;atmifvkyfoenf;? t&Suf taMumuf [D&dMowyudk tb,faMumihf rapmihfa&Smuf oenf ; / a&S ; ynm&S d w d k Y o nf omoemyrS m jzpfvsuf? ig;q,fig;ESpfywfvHk;NiD;aiGUonfh tjzpfudkrjy [D&dMowyudk apmihfa&SmufMuukef \[k rdefYawmfrlum twdwfZmwfaMumif;udk a[mMum;awmfrlavonf/ a&S;tcgu 0Howdkif;aumorDjynf aumorKurif;BuD;rif;jyKav\/ &Gmwpf&Gm uka#&Spfq,f<u,f0aom oli,fcsif; ykPm; ESpfa,muf&Sd\/ bk&m;tavmif; ]'Dyg,e} ESihf ]r@As} wdkYjzpfMuavonf/ xdkESpfa,mufwdkY onf umr*kPf\ tjypfwdkYudkjrifOpm ypnf; rsm;pGefYNyD; [dr0EmodkY0ifMu tESpfig;q,f vHk;vHk; opfoD;rsm;jzihf pm;aomufaexdkifMu avonf / od k Y a omf p smef t bd n mOf r &MubJ &S d a vonf / wpf a eY w G i f &aoh E S p f O D ; onf aumovwdkif; ed*Hk;&Gmwpf&Gm&Sd vlYb0u ]'Dyg ,e} &aohBuD;\ rdwfaqG ]r@As} ol<u,fxH oGm;Mu\/ ol<u,fu ausmif;aqmuf&aoh ESpfOD;pvHk;udk vkyfauR;vSL'gef;av\/ ESpfESpf? oHk;ESpfaeMuNyD; ol<u,fudk yef M um;umc&D ; xG u f M ujyef \ / Am&mPoD jynf&Sd t0drkwuokomef aexdkifMuav\/

rMumrD 'Dyg,e&aohonf ol<u,fxHoGm; aejyef\/r@As&aohonf okomefyifaecJ\/ h wpfaeYwGif olcdk;onf NrdKUwGif; cdk;MuNyD;? vlvdkuf okomefxJodkY 0ifajy;vmum &aoh ausmif;a&SUwGif ypnf;xkyfudk ypf ajy;Mu avonf / ol c d k ; vd k u f M uol r sm;u r@As &aohudkyif olcdk;[k rif;BuD;xHzrf; ydkYMu avonf/ rif;BuD;u rpHkprf;? rppfaq;bJ okomefwGif wHusifvQdK owfap\/ rif;csif; wdkYonf okomef &Sm;epf wHusifjzihfvQdKMu ukef\/ &aohBuD;udk,ftwGif;odkY r0ifojzihf? wrmom;wH u sif ? oH w H u sif w d k Y j zih f vQd K jyef aomfvnf; r0ifbJ&Sdavonf/ &aohBuD;onf Zmwd &Pf & nf j zih f qif j cif M unh f a omf a&S;tcgu jyKcz;l aom raumif;rI 0dygu uHukd hJ cH & rnf h t aMumif ; ud k j rif rif ; csif ; wd k Y t m; yif v ,f u opf o m;jzih f wH u sif v Qd K ap\/ rif;csif;wdkYvnf; wHusifvQdK um;pifwGif wifxm;NyD; tapmihfxm;umjyefoGm;Muonf/ tapmihfwdkYonf ykef;uG,fapmihfMu \/ 'Dyg,e&aohonf r@As&aohxH zl;jrif&ef vmcJh\/ wHusifvQdKcH&onfudk jrifvQif t&Sif tjypf&Sdavm[kar;av\/ r&Sdyg[k ajymav onf/ odkYjzpfvQif zrf;aomolrsm;ESihf tjypfay; aomol r sm; tjypf a y;aom rif ; BuD ; wd k Y u d k pdwjf zihjf ypfrm;oavm? trsua'goxGuoavm S f f [kar;avonf/ rjypfrSm;yg? trsufa'go rxGufyg[k ajzavonf/ t&SifuJhokdY oDv&Sd aomol\ t&dyfudk cdkvHIae&jcif;onf csrf;om (pmrsufESm 30 okdY)

DHAMMACAKKA-VIPASSANA

10

"r0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

"rpMum-0dyem
[H o m0wD - OD ; tk e f ; Bud K if yl a Zmf o nf 'k u o p m yd k i f ; jcm;od y H k w&m;"r y G m ;rsm;tm;xk w f a eMuwJ h w&m;cspf c if olawmfpifa,m*Dtaygif; olawmfaumif;rsm;taeeJY 'Gg&ajcmuf yg; wHcg;ajcmufaygufwdkYrSm jzpfcdkufay:cdkuf xifxif&Sm;&Sm; jzpfay:aewJh w&m;awGukd jzpfwi;f jzpfwi;f vkuvuNI y;D ud,awGUud,Bf uKH ud,jf rif kd kd d f kd f k f k k udk,fodaomtm;jzihf odMuzdkY vdkyg w,f/ tJ'Dvdk INyD; yx0Dudkjrif&if yx0D"mwf&JU cufrm Murf; wrf;jcif;? El;nHacsmnufjcif;oabmawGukd ydi;f jcm; ydi;f jcm;Ny;D od &ygr,f/ h k k tmayg"mwf & J U ,d k p D ; jcif ; ? zG J U pnf ; jcif ; vd k Y qd k w J h t&nf oabmtpd k o abmud k yd k i f ; jcm; yd k i f ; jcm;NyD ; od & ygr,f / tvm;wl awaZm"mwf & J U yl j cif ; ? aEG ; jcif ; ? at;jcif ; qd k w J h oabmud k v J yd k i f ; jcm;NyD ; od & r,f / 0ga,m"mwf & J U awmih f w if ; wG e f ; uef j cif ; ? vIyf&Sm;jcif;oabmawGudkvJ ydkif;jcm;od&ygYr,f? odEkdifyHkrsm;uawmh rdrdukd,fxJrSm owdPfeJY pl;pdkufNyD; wpfae&m&mu tawGUtxd udk Iae&if 'D"mwfBuD;av;yg;xJu wpfyg;yg;udk olYyifudk&if; oabm vuPmeJY ydkif;jcm;NyD;odEkdifygw,f/ tJ ' D " mwf B uD ; av;yg;ud k od N yD ; wJ h a emuf tJ'D"mwfBu;D av;yg;wdukd olyifukd rl&ifoabmvuPmawGeJY Yk Y odNyD;wJhaemufrSm jrifw,f? Mum;w,fpojzihf IwJhae&m IwJhtcgrSm jrifrI wnf&m Mum;rIwnf&mtp&SwhJ wnfr&m kyawGuvJ odvmw,f/ d DS f kd tqif; toH teHYpwJh tmHkkyfawGudkvJ odw,f/ jrifodrI? Mum;odrI? eHodrIpwJh pdwf? apwodufemrfw&m; awGudkvJ odw,f/ 'DvoNd y;D wJaemufrm ]azmif;w,f? ydew,f? xdiw,f? xdw,f? kd h S f k f odw,f? anmif;w,f? ylw,f? emw,f? Mum;w,f? jrif w,f}} pojzihf IrSwfwdkif; IrSwfwdkif; Iod&wJh tmHka&m IodwJh pdwfa&m topf topfjzpfjzpfNyD; csufcsif; aysmufysufoGm;aewmudk udk,fwdkif udkf,fawGU tm;jzihf od&w,f/ 'k u o p m ud k y&d a n,syd k i f ; jcm;od a eyH k 'gaMumihf Irwae&if; jzpfay:vmNy;D ysuom;wmawG aMumihf S f f G rNrJbl;vdkY ydkif;jcm;NyD;od&w,f? jzpfrI ysufrIawGu rjywf ESdyfpuf aewJhtwGufaMumihfvJyJ aMumufrufzG,f&m qif;&JvdkYvJyJ ydkif;jcm; NyD;awmh od&w,f/ udk,fvdkcsifovdk jzpfcsifovdk rjzpfbJ olYoabm twdkif; jzpfysufaewmawGaMumihf udk,fpdk;udk,fydkif r[kwf? tpdk;r&wJh oabmw&m;awGyguvm;vdkYvJyJ ydkif;jcm;NyD;awmhod&w,f/ tJ'Dvdk jzpfqJkyfemrfudkINyD; tedp? 'ku? tew tjcif; t&m wdkYeJY udk,fwdkifawGUodwm[m y&dan,sjzpfwJh 'kuopmudk ydkif;jcm;odyHk jzpfygw,f/ ork ' ,op m y,f y H k qif ; &J u if ; Nid r f ; csif w ,f q d k & if qif ; &J j zpf y G m ;aMumif ; w&m;ud k y ,f y pf & ygvd r f h r ,f / b0opf j zpf j cif ; tp&S d w J h oH o &m qif;&JawGudk uif;Nidrf;apcsif&if tJ'Dqif;&JjzpfaMumif;udk y,fzdkY vdkygw,f/ qif;&JjzpfaMumif;qdkwmu ork',opmqdkwJh wPSm ygyJ? tJ'DwPSmudk y,f&r,f/ 'gaMumihf olYudk ]]y[mwA= y,foihf y,fxdkufwJh w&m;}} vdkY qdygw,f/ k y,f & r,f h w PS m oH k ; rsKd ; y,f o ih f y ,f x d k u f w J h w&m;u wPS m jzpf y gw,f / tJ ' D y,f&r,fh wPSm[m (3)rsKd;&Sdygw,f/ tJ'gawGuawmh= 1/ um,uHajrmuf? 0pDuHajrmufusL;vGefwJh wPSmu wpfrsKd; 2/ pdwful;oufoufeJY om,mESpfoufwyfrufvdkcsifaewJh wPSm u wpfrsKd; 3/ wu,frjzpfao;ayrJh jzpfEkdifcGihf&SdwJh wPSmuwpfrsKd;? 'DoHk;rsKd; jzpfygw,f/ tJ ' D w PS m oH k ; rsKd ; y,f y H k r sm;uawmh um,uH a jrmuf 0pD uH a jrmuf usL;vG e f w J h w PS m ud k 0D w u r ud a vomac:ygw,f / tJ'D0dwurudavomudk oDvjzihf y,f&w,f/ oDvudk dkdkaoaoeJY apmihfxdef;aewJh yk*dKvf[m olwpfyg; Opmudk vdkcsif ayr,fh rcdk;bl;? rydkifrqdkif&rSm arxkefumrudkrusL;vGefbl;? vdrfrajymbl;? ao&nf ao&uf? bde;f pwJh rl;,pfapwwfwhJ aq;0g;ypn;f awGukd roH;k bl;? tJ'vkd D oDvudk dkdkaoao apmihfae &if um,uHajrmuf 0pDuHajrmuf 0DwdurwPSmuif;Nidrf;aewm ygyJ/ tJ'g[m oDvjzihfy,fyHkygyJ/ pd w f u l ; ouf o uf e J Y om,mES p f o uf w yf r uf v d k c sif a ewJ h wPS m uawmh y&d , k | me ud a vomac:w,f / tJ ' D y &d , k | me ud a vomud k a wmh orm"d j zih f y ,f & ygw,f / tmemygetp&S d w J h orxur|mef;wpfckckudk rjywfESvHk;oGif;ae&if tJ'Dvdk ESvHk;oGif; aewJh tcdkufrSm umr*kPftmHkawGudk ESpfoufvdkcsifrI? BuHpnf rIawG rjzpfyJ uif;Nir;f aeygw,f/ d ew,f vGwfaewJhpdwf[m tvdk&Sd&mtmHkawGeJY umrwPSm jzpfaew, tJ'Dvdk bm0emwpfckckudk tm;rxkwfbJ tvGwfae&if awmh pd w f [ m ol t vd k & S d & m tmH k a wG u d k BuH p nf N yD ; trsm;tm;jzih f umrwPSmawGjzpfaewmygyJ/ umrwPSmrjzpfatmif pdwfudk oufouf 'grSr[kwf pdwfudk olYtwdkif;wdkif;xm;Ekdifw,f&,fvdkY xifae&if tJ'g[m udk,fhpdwf ukd,frodvdkYyJjzpfw,f/ trSeftwdkif;ajym&&if bm0em wpfckckudk rjywftm;xkwfaewJh Mum;xJuawmif orm"dtm; raumif;ao;&if umr0dwufpwmawGjzpfaeao;wmyJ/ orxur|mef;udk ESvHk;oGif;tm;xkwfvdkY psmeform"dudk &&ifawmh tJ'DpsmefrysufpD;rD twGif;rSm Murf;wrf;wJh umrwPSm tBuHawGrjzpfyJ uif;Nidrf;aew,f? tJ'g[m orm"du umr wPSmudk 0durey[mefjzihf y,fxm;vdkY uif;Nidrf;aewmygyJ/ b0wPS m eJ Y 0d b 0wPS m b0wPSmeJY 0db0wPSmawGuawmh wpfcsdKUpsmef& yk*dKvf

DHAMMACAKKA-VIPASSANA
"r0D&onf avmuNidrf;csrf;rItwGufjzpfonf/ awGrSmawmif ruif;yJvJ&SdEkdifygw,f/ wpfcsdKUjA[mawGrSmvJ ruif;yJ &Sdwwfygw,f/ 'gaMumihf b0wPSmeJY 0db0wPSmawGudk awmh orxorm"deJY ry,fEkdifbl;qdkwmudk rSwfom;xm;MuzdkYvdkyg w,f/ taMumif ; nD G w f w J h tcgrS m jzpf E k d i f w J h wPS m aemuf N yD ; awmh taMumif ; nD T w f w J h t cgrS m jzpf E d k i f w J h wPS m ud k a wmh tEk o ,ud a vomvd k Y a c:ygw,f / tJ ' D t Ek o , udavomu ESpfrsKd;&Sdw,f/ 1/ tmHk jzpfEkdifcGihf&SdwJh tm&rPEko,uwpfrsKd; 2/ oEmefrSm jzpfEkdifcGihf&SdwJh oEmemEko,udavomu wpfrsKd; 'Dvdk ESpfrsKd;&Sdygw,f/ jrif c d k u f Mum;cd k u f p onf xif & S m ;ygvsuf u rI r d v d k U tedpponftaeeJY rod&wJh oabmw&m;rsm;rSm jyefvnf pOf;pm;NyD; jzpf E k d i f c G i h f & S d w J h ud a vomud k tm&r P mEk o ,vd k Y a c:yg w,f / tJ'Dtm&rPmEkomudavomudk 0dyemynmeJY y,f&yg w,f/ 0d y emynmeJ Y y,f w ,f q d k w mu I r d w J h tmH k r S m jzpfruavomudk y,fEiw,f/ rIrwhJ tmHawGrmawmh ry,fEif ygbl;/ hJ d dk f d k S dk t&d,r*feJY ry,f&ao;vdkY jrifEdkifcGihf&SdwJh udavomudk oEmemEk o,udavomvdkYac:w,f/ tJ'gu t&d,r*feJY ry,f&ao;wJh yk*dKvfoEmefrSm jzpfEdkifwJh udavomygyJ/ tJ'DoEmemEko,udavomudkawmh t&d,r*fynmjzihf omy,fEiygw,f/ 'gaMumihf tJ'oEmemEko,udavomudk t&d,r*feYJ dk f D y,fEkdifatmifvdkY 0dyembm0emudk yGm;rsm;Mu&wmjzpfygw,f/ 'gawGuawmh ork',opmudk 0dyemr*f t&d,m r*fwdkYeJY y,fyHkrsm;yJjzpfygw,f/ ed a &m"op m rsuf a rS m uf j yKyH k wPSmcsKyfNidrf;wJh edAmefqdkwJh eda&m"opmudk rsufarSmuf jyKyHk? qdkufa&mufyHkuawmh ocFgkayumPf&ihfoefjynhfpHkwJh tcgrSm tJ ' D c P jzpf y suf w J h o abmawG teuf u oabm wpf c k c k u d k vsif j ref p G m jrif a wG U od & if ; od & if ; eJ Y I o d & wJ h ocF g & tmH k a &m? IodrIudka&m ocFg&'kutm;vHk; csKyfqHk;wJh csKyfNidrf;wJh oabmxJudk a&muf&SdoGm;ygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk csKyfNidrf; ukefqHk;wJh oabmxJusa&mufNyD; rsufarSmuf jyKawGY odoGm;&if wPSmqdkwmawGvJ csKyfNidrf; ukefqHk; aeawmhwmygyJ/ tJ'Dvdk wPSmcsKyfNidrf; ukefqHk;aejcif;udk eda&m"opmvdkY qdkygw,f/ tJ'Deda&m"opmudkawmh t&d,mr*fPfu rsufarSmuf tmHkjyKNyD;awmh odwmjzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdkodwmudk opd ud&d,my#da0" vdkYac:ygw,f/ rsufarSmufjyKjcif;qdkwJh wu,fawmh xdk;xGif;odjcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/ op d u d & d , my#d a 0"ud p N yD ; atmif ,ck a,m*Drsm; jrifwdkif; Mum;wdkif; awGUwdkif; odwdkif; rjywf v d k u f N yD ; I r S w f a eMu&wm[mvJ tJ ' D ed a &m"op m ud k rsufarSmufjyKNyD;odwJh opdud&d,my#da0"udpNyD;atmifvdkY IrSwf aeMu&wmjzpfygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm tenf;i,fxyfqihfajymjycsifwmu edAmef qdkwJh eda&m"opmudk qdkufw,f? a&mufw,f? rsufarSmufjyKw,f? awGUw,f? jrif w ,f ? od w ,f ? &w,f q d k w J h a0g[m&awG [ m tm;vH k ; teuf twlwlyJjzpfygw,f/ 'g[mjzihf eda&m"opmudk qdkufyHk? a&mufyHk? odyHkrsm;yJ jzpfyg w,f/

11

r* o p m yG m ;rsm;yH k r*opmudk rdrdoEmefrSm jzpfyGm;ap&ygw,f/ r*opm udk ]]bma0wAjzpfyGm;ap&wJh w&m;}} vdkY 'D"rpMumokwfupNyD;awmh jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ 'Dr*opmudk jzpfyGm;apwm[m jrwfpGmbk&m;tvdkawmf eJY tnD jznhqnf;Mu&wJh edAmefa&mufaMumif; tusivrf;rSeyJ jzpfygw,f/ f fh f 'gayr,fh r*opmudk ppcsif;yGm;MuvdkYawmh rjzpfEkdif ygbl;? 'gjzihf b,f w &m;upNyD ; yG m ;Mu&ygY r vJ q d k a wmh yk A b m* r*f v d k a c:wJ h 0d y emr*f u pNyD ; awmh yG m ;ap&ygw,f v d k Y q d k y gw,f / 'gaMumih f t&d , r* o p m ud k jzpf y G m ;apvd k & if 0d y emr*f u pNyD ; yG m ;Mu &r,fqwmudk ude;f ao use;f aoyHao rSwom;xm;MuzdYk awmhvygw,f/ kd d k f kd yk A b m*r*f q d k w J h 0d y emr*f tJ ' D y k A b m*r*f v d k Y q d k w J h 0d y emr*f u d k j zpf y G m ;apvd k & if b,fw&m;udk I&ygYrvJ/ 'kuopmudk I&ygw,f/ 'kuopmqdkwJh Oyg'geuEmig;yg;jzpfwdkif; jzpfwdkif; I&if? 0dyemr*ifw&m;awG jzpfyGm;ygw,f/ Oyg'geuEmig;yg;qdwm jrifwi;f ? Mum;wdi;f ? eHwi;f ? pm;odwi;f ? k kd k kd kd xdowi;f ? Buowi;f ? xif&m;jzpfay:aeMuwJh kyemrf "rw&m;awGygyJ? d kd H d kd S f tJ ' D w &m;awG 'G g &ajcmuf y g;rS m jzpf w d k i f ; jzpf w d k i f ; I r S w f a e&if Iodp&mkyfeJY IodwJh emrf? 'DemrfkyfESpfyg;udk a&S;OD;pGmodw,f/ tJ'Dvdk odNyD;wJhaemuf taMumif;eJYtusKd;udkvJ ydkif;jcm; od v mw,f / tJ ' D a emuf topf t opf j zpf j zpf N yD ; ysuf y suf o G m ; wmawGudkvJodw,f/ ]]jzpf N yD ; ysuf y suf o G m ;vd k Y rNrJ b l ; ? jzpf c snf y suf c snf e J Y qif ; &J w mtppf y J / ol Y o abmol a qmif N yD ; jzpf y suf a ewmawG [ m tpdk;r&wJh tewtppfyJ}} vdkYvJodw,f/ tJ'Dvdk ukd,fwdkifawGUNyD; od w m[m or m 'd | d r * i f y gyJ / or m 'd | d j zpf & if or m ouF y p wJ h wpfjcm;r*ifawGvJ yg0ifMuawmhwmjzpfw,f/ b,f v d k I M u&ygY r vJ tJ ' D v d k 0d y emr* i f a wG j zpf y G m ;atmif b,f v d k I M u &ygYrvJqdkawmh udk,ftawGUwpfckckupNyD; I&ygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk I&mrSm vG , f u l a tmif v d k Y aus;Zl ; &S i f r [mpnf q &mawmf b k & m;BuD ; u rdrd0rf;Adkufazmif;wm ydefwmupNyD; IrSwfzdkY&ef TefMum;awmf rlygw,f/ azmif ; wm yd e f w mud k I r S w f a e&if ; uae pd w f u l ; BuH p nf rI w pf c k c k j zpf a y:vmvd k Y & S d & if ]]pd w f u l ; w,f ? pd w f u l ; w,f } } vd k Y I rSwf&w,f/ anmif;wm? ylwm? emwm? ,m;wm? atmihfwm? udkufwm? cJ w m? xH k w m? usOf w mtp&S d w J h 'k u a 0'emawG ay:vm &if v J ]]anmif;w,f? ylw,f? emw,f? ,m;w,f? atmihfw,f? udkufcJw,f? xHw,f? usOw,f}} vdYk t&yfo;kH pum; Bw,mtjzpf eJY Irwae&ygw,f/ k f d S f vIy&m;wJh ud,trlt&mawGay:vm&ifvJ vIyw,f? a&TUw,f f S k f f ponf j zih f I & ygw,f ? jrif w m? Mum;wmponf w d k Y ay:vm&if v J ]]jrifw,f? Mum;w,f}} &,fvdkY IrSwf&ygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk Iae vdkY&Sd&if Iwdkif; Iwdkif;rSm rSefpGmodwJh orm'd|deJYwuG 0dyem r*ifawG jzpfyGm;vmygw,f/ 0dyemr*ifu &ihfoefjynhfpHkvmawmh t&d,r*if &Spfyg;jzpfay:vmw,f/ 'gaMumihf wu,fjzpf ysufaewJh kyfemrfcEm 'kuopmudk rjywfIrSwfaewm[m r*if &Spfyg; (bma0wA) w&m;yGm;yHk rsm;yJjzpfygw,f/ tusOf ; csKyf rS w f o m;xm;&ef tJ'Dr*if&Spfyg; yGm;apyHk tusOf;csKyfrSwfom;xm;zdkYu awmh

DHAMMA TALKS

12

"r0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

Ak'kyfuvyfawmf "mwfawmf apwDawmftm; ylaZmfjcif;xuf &[ef;wdkY tav;teufusihfoHk;&rnhf y"mew&m; (6) yg;

cif a rmif r d k ; (awmif B uD ; ) y&dedAmefpH0ifNyD;aom Ak'\kyfuvmyfawmf? "mwfawmfapwD awmfwdkYtm; ylaZmfjcif;xuf? &[ef;oHCmrsm;tav;teufusihfoHk;Mu& rnhf y"metusihfw&m; (6) yg;wdkYudk rdvdEynmygVdawmfwGif azmfjyyg&Sd ayonf/ jrwf p G m bk & m;rd e f Y > ruf a wmf r l a ompum;ES p f c G e f ; em*aoet&Sifjrwfbk&m; ]]tAsm0#m wk a rS tmeE a [mx? wxm*w o&D & yl Z m,}} tmeEm? oifwonf y&deAmefpNH y;D aom igbk&m;\ kyuvmyf Ykd d f ud,awmfukd ylaZmfjcif;iSm aMumihMf urpduMf uavESi/ odjYk rwfpmbk&m; k f k fh G udk,fawmfwkdif rdefYawmfrltyfygonf/ wzef v nf ; ]]yl a Zx eH yl Z ed , "mwH k ? {0H u&m o* r d a wm *rd x}} ylaZmftyfyaZmfxuaom igbk&m;\ xd"mwfawmfukd ylaZmfMu l kd f k ukeavmh/ odyaZmforIjyKMuukeaomf oifwonf vljY ynfrS (pkaw f Yk l f Ykd Muonf&aomf) ewfjynfoYkd vm;a&mufMuvwUH [k Ak'j rwfpma[mawmf dS G rltyfygonf/ pum;ESpfcGef;wGif yxrpum;udk,laomf 'kwd,pum;onf rSm;\/ 'kwd,pum;udk,ljyefaomf yxrpum;onf rSm;,Gif;av&m\/ tb,fodkYrSwf,l&ygrnfenf;[k rdvdErif;u ar;avQmufavNyD/ t&Siem*aoerax&fjrwfonf ylaZmfrum;&[ef;wdupr[kw/ f I Yk d f ewfvlwdkY\ trIudpaywnf;/ (1) ykAbm*r*fac: 0dyemudkyGm;rS t&d,r*fudk&Ekdifonf/ (2) 0dyemr*ifudk jzpfyGm;apvdkvQif jrifrI Mum;rIpwJh 'ku opmudk I&onf/ (3) jrifrI? Mum;rIpwJh 'kuopmudk Iodwdkif; r*if&Spfyg; jzpfyGm; onf/ op m av;yg;eJ Y pyf v sOf ; NyD ; awmh od o ih f ? od x d k u f w J h tcsuftvwfrsm;uawmh tawmftoihf jynhfpHkoGm;NyDvdkYxifyg w,f/ ,ck quf v uf N yD ; od z d k Y & ef ta&;BuD ; wJ h tcsuf u awmh "rpMumw&m;awmf opmav;yg;a[mMum;csufrSm tBudrfaygif; 60 wdwdyg&SdaewJh ]]O'yg'd ig;yg;}} taMumif; &Sif;vif;wifjy ylaZmfzdkY yJjzpfygw,f/ O'yg'dig;yg; &Sif;vif;csufqdkwJh acgif;pOfeJY oH,kwf t|uxmrSm zGijfh yyHrsm;eJY y#dord'gr*fygVdawmfrm zGijfh y yHrsm;udk rauG; k S k wdkif; pavNrdKU rif;acgifausmif;q&mawmf toQif Zm*&jyKpkawmfrlwJh 0dyemaMu;rHk usr;f u xyfqih&i;f jycsuf rsm;ESiwuG qufvufyaZmf f S fh l wifjyoGm;ygr,f/ ]]"r0D& rmru w&m;cspfcif olawmfpifwdkY w&m;odjrif olawmfpifrsm;jzpfMuygap....}} [H o m0wD - OD ; tk e f ; Bud K if bk&m;om;awmf&[ef;wdkY\ trIudpum; (6) yg;wnf;[k rdefYawmfrlav\/ &[ef ; wd k Y y"mexm; jyKusih f & rnh f t usih f w &m; (6) yg; ]]tur H a[wH r[m&mZ? Zd e yk w m eH ,'d ' H y l Z m}} (1) oroeH ocFg&meH/ (2) a,medaom reoduma&m/ (3) owdy|mem Ekyem/ (4) tm&rP om&*ga[m/ (5) udavo ,k'H/ (6) o'w rEk,kem/ {wH Zd e yk w m eH u&PD , H t0aoomeH a'0rEk meH yl Z mu&PD , m/ (rd v d E y gVd a wmf ? ed ,? bmomjyef ) jrwfaomrif;BuD;? bk&m;om;awmf&[ef;awmfwdkY\ trI ud p u m;(1) ocFg&w&m;wdkYudk tedp? 'ku? tew[k oHk;oyfqifjcif jcif;/ (2) toifhtm;jzifh t&m&mudk ESvHk;oGif;jcif;/ (3) owdy|mefw&m;awmfudk tzefwvJvJIyGm;jcif;/ (4) aumif;jrwfaomur|mef;paom tmHkudktNrJvufudkifjyK jcif;/ (5) udavomudk odumoHk;yg;wdkYjzihf ppfxdk;jcif;/ (6) t&[wr*ft&[wzdkvfwnf;[laom rdrdtusdK;udk &&Sd atmif tpOfojzihftm;xkwfjcif;/ bk&m;om;awmf&[ef;rsm; usihfaqmiftyfonhf w&m;aygif; (6)yg;jzpfavonf/ rH k & G m ta&S U v,f w D r [mok w 'D y eD u srf ; vmaqmif y k ' f orfa,mowd? tmudo'wf? ajcmuf&yf? jyKtyf&[ef;om/ Oyrmay;yH k rif;om;wdkYonf qifpD;? jrif;pD;? "m;ckwf? vSHxdk;? ppfxdk;jcif; paom trIupwukd jyKvytyf\/ ukeonf? olqif;&Jwum; v,f,m d Ykd k f f Ykd vkyfief;? ta&mif;t0,fvkyfief; paomtrIudpudk jyKvkyftyf\/ Oyrmtwki;f rSwygav/ ykPm;vkvifEiueonfoqif;&J Oyrmudk d f S fh k f l vnf; xkwfaqmifjyawmfrl\/ rS w f z G , f t xl ; um; &[ef;wdkYonf ylaZmfrIudkvnf;jyKMu&m\/ txufazmfjyyg w&m; (6) yg;udrl txl;tm;pduNf y;D jyKMu&m\/ vlwonf ylaZmfvLS 'gef; k k Ykd rIukd tpOftNrtm;cJjyKvyMf u&m\/ oDvapmihxe;f jcif;paom w&m; J k f d tusiuvnf; tm;xkwMf u&m\/ vufrvTwMf u&m[k rSwom;Muygav/ fh kd f cif a rmif r d k ; (awmif B uD ; )

DHAMMA TALKS
"r0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

13

azmufjyefjcif;w&m; wpfq,fhESpfyg;
Nidrf;csrf;OD;
q,fhESpfwef yvmo jrwfAk'rdefY&m..../ b,foif;b,f[mvdkY rnfemrH 0daoo qHk;jzwfjyyg..../ onf&m "rmudk a0jcrf;.../ PfBuD;rSef |uxm#DumvSefvdkY jrwfusrf;*ef 0dZmajrmufu,fwdkY usrf;axmufjyprf;.../ azmufjyefjcif;w&m; 0dyvmowpfq,hfESpfyg;udk ar;aom ykpmjzpfonf/ 0d y v m oqd k o nf r S m tedpudk edp? 'kuudk okc? tewudk tw? tokbudk okb[k azmufazmufjyefjyef jrifwwf odwwfaom 0dyvmo 0wKum; av;yg;&Sdavonf/ xdkav;yg;wdkYwGif wpfyg; wpfyg; onm0dyvmo? pdw0dyvmo? 'd|d0dyvmo[l tjcif;t&m tm;jzihf oHk;yg;pD&Sd\? xdkodkYjzpf 0dyvmowpfq,hfESpfyg;&Sdavonf/ jzpf [ ef u m; av;yg;aom pwk Z k y f u vmyf r I e f Y w d k Y aygif ; pk v suf wpfzGm;zGm;jzpfysuf rsufpdwpfrSdwfvQyfwpfjyuftwGif;rSm uka# ru ysufpD;NyD;? rjywfatmif jzpfjzpfaeaom oEwdj'yfudkMunhf tNrJedp[k xifrwaejcif;onf onm0dyvmrnf\/ onmxufyif ykrtm;Bu;D S f d dk edp[kpJGvrf;jcif;onf pdw0dyvmornf\/ onmpdwfwdkYjzihf tm;ay;onfjzpf tvGetrif; jyif;jyif;xef xef edp[k trSexifrw f f S f pGJvrf;jcif;onf 'd|d0dyvmornf\/ azmufjyefjcif; 0dyvmowpfq,hfESpfyg; ok c ? tw ? ok b [l azmuf a zmuf j yef j yef od a om onm0dyvmo? pdw0dyvmo? 'd|d0dyvmowdkYvnf; enf;wlrSwf tyf\/ azmufjyefjcif; 0dyvmowpfq,hfESpfyg;wdkYwGif onm tm;jzihf tedpudk edp? tewudk tw[l azmufjyefjcif;ESpfyg; udkvnf;aumif;? pdwftm;jzihf tedpudk edp? tewudk tw[l azmufjyefjcif; ESpfyg;udkvnf;aumif;? 'd|dtm;jzihf tedpudk edp? 'kuudk okc? tewudk tw? tokbudk okb[l azmufazmuf jyefjyef jrifjcif;odjcif;av;yg;wdkYudk aomwmywdr*fu y,fav onf/ onmtm;jzihf? tokbudk okb[lvnf;aumif;? pdwf tm;jzihf tokbudk okb[lvnf;aumif;? azmufjyefjcif;ESpf yg;udk ou'g*grdr*fonf acgif;yg;ap\/ tem*grdr*fonfvnf; ESpyg;udyif f k y,f\/ onmtm;jzihf 'kuudk okc[lvnf;aumif;? pdwftm; jzihf 'k u u d k ok c [l vnf ; aumif ; ? azmuf j yef j cif ; ES p f y g;ud k t&[wr*fuy,f\/ ajrmufyGm;tyfaom 0dyvmooHk;yg; 0d y v m oav;yg;? wpf q ,h f E S p f y g;um; r*f a v;yg; y,faomt&mvmonf/ ajrmufyGm;tyfaom 0dyvmooHk;yg; um; {wHye pdwudp? 'kAv|mae'd|d0d&[dwm,? tukov onm , oud p Av0umav? onm0d y v m aoma0'd w aA m / 'd|d0d& [dwa0 tukov pdw oudp Av0 umav? pd w 0d y v m aom/ 'd | d o r , k w pd a w 'd | d 0 d y v m aom? wo m oA'kAavm onm0dyvmaom? wawm Av0wa&m pdw0dyvm aom/ oA A v0wa&m 'd | d 0 d y v m aom/ (om&w 'D y eD # D u m) teuf a ,mZeum; {wye= t&mum;? pdwudp= pdwfjyKtyfaom trI\ 'kAv|mae- tm;enf;aomt&m? 'd|d0d&[dwm,- 'd|d uif;onf\ tjzpfaMumifh? oudp- rdrdudpESihfwuGjzpfaom? tukovonm,tuk o vonm\? Av0umav=tm;BuD ; aomumv? onm 0d y v m aom- onm0d y v m oud k ? a0'd w aA m od t yf \ / 'd | d 0 d & [dwa0-'d|duif;onfomvQifjzpfaom? oudp- rdrdudpESihfwuG jzpfaom? tukovpdw? tuk okdvfpdwf\? Av0umavtm;BuD;aomumv? pdw0dyvm aom-pdw0dyvmoudk? a0'dwaAmodtyf\/ 'd|dor,kwpdaw- 'd|dESihf,SOfaom pdwf? 'd|d0dyvmaom'd|d0dyvmoudk a0'dwaAm odtyf\/ wom-xdkYaMumihf? onm0dyvm aom-onm0dyvmoonf? oA'Aavm-tvH;k pHwatmuf tm;enf;\/ k k Ykd wawm- xdonm0dyvmoxuf? pdw0yvmoonf Av0wa&m- tm; k d Bu;D \/ wawm-xdpw0yvmoxuf? 'd|0yvmaom- 'd|0yvmoonf? k d d d d d d oAAv0wa&m-tvH;k pHaom 0dyvmowdxuf tm;tBu;D qH;k aywnf;/ k Yk Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

"r 0 D & onf Ak ' \ ax&0g'"r w &m;ppf ? w&m;rS e f xG e f ; um;&ef j zpf o nf q k d o nf h cH , l c suf E S i f h t nD vd I i f M unf j zL"r 0 D & pmaywk d u f E S i f h 'D * spf w ,f p mMunf h w k d u f r S 2009 ck ? rwf v twG i f ; jzef Y c sd x k w f a 0vk d u f y gNyD / Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESifh wuokdvfoQifoD&d\ ("r0D&\ "roHpOfrsm;) * (q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif\ "ry'aumufEkwfcsufpmpk) *Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESifh pkd;jrifhvwf\ jzwfoef;csdefed'gef;ESifh yxrykdif; ('kwd,tBudrf) *Nidrf;csrf;OD;\

DHAMMA TALKS

14

"r0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

Ak ' j rwf p G m \

y m oD w d , m (85) yg;aom r[m*k P f a wmf z G i h f Ak ' y l Z ed , r[m0E e m bk & m;&S d c d k ; BuD ;

oD w mOD ; (jref r mpm) vnf;aumif;? ynmwnf;[laom rsufpdodkY qdkufa&muf&&Sdawmfrlaom *kPfouwfaMumihfvnf;aumif; puKblw [k 0daoo*kPf&nfbGJU trnf&Sdawmfrl\/ wd- odkY? 'o[d 10-yg;ukefaom? &aP[d-t*yk*vwm tpjzmonfh tma0eduxifay:xl;jrwfvpmaom *kPawmfwEifh orES G f Ydk S H jynhfpHkawmfrlaom? wHb*0EH-xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;udk? t[H-tuREfkyfonf? 0Emrd-&Sdcdk;uefawmhyg\ t&SifjrwfBuD;bk&m;/ (*kPfawmf 10-yg;) aomb*0g-xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;onf(11) puKrm- `Ed,ya&my&d,wdPf? tmomEko, Pf [k qdktyfaom Ak'puK? atmufr*fPfoHk;yg;[laom "rpuK? a0;aomt&yfwnfaomt&m? tvGefao;i,faomt&m? zHk;uG,ftyf aom t&mwdudk ewfrsupyrmjrifpr;f Ediaom tbdnmOfrsup[k qdtyf Yk f d G k f f d k aom 'dApuK? t&[wr*fPf[kqdktyfaom ynmpuK? odkYydkif;jcm; ig;yg;aom puKwdkYESihf jynfhpHkawmfrlaomaMumihf puKrm [k r[m0dod| rm *kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (12) qVbdanm- ewf\rsufpduJhodkY txl;jrifpGrf;Edkifaom 'dApuKtbdnmOf? ewf\em;uJhodkY txl;Mum;jrifjcif;iSm pGrf;Edkifaom 'dAaomwtbdnmOf? olwpfyg;\pdwfudk odjcif;iSmpGrf;Edkifaom y&pdw 0dZmeetbdnmOf? a&S;aebl;aomb0wdkYudk atmufarhEdkifaom ykaAed 0gomEkwdtbdnmOf? wefcdk;zefqif;jcif;iSmpGrf;Edkifaom 'd0d"tbd nmOf? udavomtmoa0gwdkYudk ukefcrf;apwwfaom tmo0u, tbdnmOf[kqdktyfaom tbdnmOfajcmufyg;wdkYESihf jynfhpHkawmfrlaom aMumihf qVmbdn [k 0daoo*kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrlonf/ (13) Zdaem- a'0ykwrm&f? udavorm&f? tbdocFg&rm&f? rpKrm&fwnf;[laom rm&fig;yg;wdkYudk atmifawmfrlaomaMumihf Zde [k 0daoo*kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (14) Pblawm- 14-yg;aom Pfawmfjzihf xif&Sm;jzpf awmfrlaomaMumihfvnf;aumif;? udk,fawmftm;vHk; PfwHk;PfcJ PftpktyHBHk u;D ozG,jf zpfawmfraomaMumifvnf;aumif;? 14-yg;aom l h tEkw&Ak'PfawmfodkY a&muf&Sd&&SdawmfrlaomaMumihfvnf;aumif;? P blw [k 0daoo*kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (15) wxm*awm- a&S;a&S;bk&m;&SifwdkYuJhodkY yg&rD 10yg;? tjym; 30? pGefYjcif;BuD; 5 yg;? p&d, 3 yg;wnf;[laom aAm"dorm& r[myk&dotusifhwdkYjzihf <uvmawmfrlaomaMumihf wxm*w [k 0daoo*kPf&nfbGJU trnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (16) wm'd- vmabmtvmabm? ,aom t,aom? edEm yoHom? okc'u[aom avmu"Havt[keaMumihf wkevyajcmufjcm; H k H l f f I f wdrf;yg;,dr;f ,dijf cif;r&Sd yuwdciusnwnfwaomoabm&Sawmfraom k kd f f hH d l aMumihf wm'd [k *kPf&nf0Hh<um;xif&Sm;aom bGJUrnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (17) 'oAavm- q'efqifrif;wpfusdwftm;wnf;[laom q,fyg;aom um,AvXmemXmePf? ur0yguPf? oAw*grdey#d d D y'gPf? taeu"mwkemem"mwkavmuPf? emem"drwuwmPf? k d `Ed,ya&my&d,wdPf? psmem'doHudavo a0ga'ge0k|mePf?

o'ewusr;f vmaom Ak'&iawmfjrwfpmbk&m;\ *kPawmf D d S f G f yk'faygif; (85) yk'fwdkY\teufudk azmfjy&mjzpfaom ymoDwd,mr[m *kPawmfzifh Ak'yZed,r[m0Eem bk&m;&Sc;kd Bu;D udk rlvusr;f &if;twki;f f G l d d tu&m0vdjzihf tpOftvdkuf azmfjyay;vdkufygonf/ y o D w d , m Ak ' y l Z ed , r[m0E e m aomb*0g-xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;onf (1) t*yk*avm- avmuoHk;yg; a&SUoGm;acgif;aqmifjzpf aom yk*dKvf/ txGwftjrwfqHk;jzpfaom yk*dKvf/ avmuoHk;yg;wdkYxuf jrwfaom twkvto'doyk*dKvfjzpfawmfrlaomaMumihf t*yk*v [k 0daoo *kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (2) t*&aom- udk,fawmfjrwfrS tNrJrjywfxGufaom (0g) udk,ft*FgtpdwftpdwfwdkYrS tNrJrjywfxGufaom Asmrybm ajcmufjzm uGevnfa&mifjcnf&awmfraomaMumihf t*&o [k 0daoo*kP&nfbUJG Yf dS l f trnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (3) t'GZ0paem- ESpfrsdK;ESpfcG taeuEo oHo,r[kwf? {uwobm0 {uE toHo, OyvuwA? rSwtyfaqmiftyfusio;kH d f fh tyfaom pum;&SdawmfrlaomaMumihf t'GZ0pe [k 0daoo*kPf&nf bGJU trnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (4) te"d0a&m- ukd,fawmfjrwfxufvGefaom? uJaom? omaom? xl;cReaom? jrwfaomyk*Kd vwpfowpfO;D wpfa,mufrQ &Sawmf f f l d rrlaomaMumihf te"d0& [k 0daoo*kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (5) trwEa'g- y#doaEaejcif;? tdkjcif;? emjcif;? aojcif; uif;&mjzpfaom r[mtocFw xm0&oEdedALwd{uef jrwfedAmefudk a0zefrQw&Muapa&; ay;oem;awmfrlwwfaomaMumihf trwE' [k 0daoo*kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (6) tarmC0paem- ypKyefwrvGefavmuDavmukw&m jzpfaom tusKd ;pD;yGm;csr;f omwdrS ruif;aom? rqdwaom? tcsn;f tES;D Yk f r[kwfaom tusdK;pD;yGm;csrf;omwdkYESihfom qufpyfaompum;&Sdawmfrl aomaMumihf tarmC0pe [k 0daoo*kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrl \/ (7) toroarm- Nyd K if b uf & nf w l wl a omol r &S d a om toror rked&mZtwkvocif bk&m;&SiwEiomwlawmfraomaMumihf toror f Ykd S hf l [k 0daoo*kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (8) tm'd p A E K - o[a&mif j cnf x G e f ; ajymif v nf a&T&nfa0vQHaeAdrmefudk pdk;pHydkifo xl;jrwfvSonhf awZ&Sdefjyif; aeewf rif;BuD;ESifh aoG;&if;om;&if; aqGrsKd ;&if;jzpfawmfraomaMumihf tm'dpAEKh l [k twkv*kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (9) {uyk*avm- wdavmutxk twkvocif NydKif,SOfEdkif ol *kPf&nfwlonhf wpfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ&SdawmfrrlaomaMumihf {uyk*v [k 0daoo*kPf&nf&Sdawmfrl\/ (10) puKblawm- yuwdaomrsufpdonf txl;xl;aom lygHktqif;"mwfwdkYudk IwwfouJhodkY Ak'jrwfpGmonf av;jzmowfrSwf y&rrww&m;wdkYukd ykdif;jcm;xifxif Ijrifawmfrlwwfygay\/ odkY rsufpdozG,fjzpfawmfrlwwfaom *kPfouwfaMumihf

NET WORK MEDIA NEWS

"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ ykaAed0goPf? pkwkyygwPf? tmo0u,Pfwnf;[laom q,fyg;aomPAvESifh jynhpawmfraomaMumihf 'oAv [k 0daoo f kH l *kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (18) a'0a'a0g- ewfjA[mtaygif;wdkY\ &Sdcdk;aumfa&mf ylaZmfav;jrwf&mewfrif; jA[mrif;BuD;jzpfawmfrlaomaMumihf a'0a'0 [k 0daoo*kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (19) a'0gwda'a0g- ewfjA[mtaygif;wdkYxuf uJvGefjrihf jrwfawmfrlaom ewfrif; jA[mrif;jzpfawmfrlaomaMumihf a'0gwda'0 [k 0daoo*kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (20) 'dy'kwarm- tajcESpacsmif;&Saom vlewfjA[mow0g f d G 'dGy'kwr [k 0daoo*kPf wdkYxuf *kPftm;jzihfjrwfawmfrlaomaMumihf &nfbUJG trnf&awmfr\/ wd-odYk 0Dowd,m 20 aom *kaP[d*Pf dS l k awmfwEifh orEH jynfpawmfraom wHb00E- xdjk rwfpmbk&m;ud?k t[HYkd S kH l H G tuREfkyfonf? 0Emrd-&Sdcdk;yg\bk&m;/ (*kPfawmf-20) aomb*0g xdkjrwfpGmbk&m;onf(21) "rblawm w&m;awmfudk tNrJqifjcif oHk;oyfyGm;rsm; rSD0Jawmfrlonfjzpf udk,fawmfjrwf\ lyum, emrum,tm;vHk;? w&m;twH;k ? w&m;tpdi?f w&m;tqDcBJ u;D ozG,f jzpfawmfraomaMumihf k l "rblw [k 0daoo*kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (22) "r&mZm- w&m;"r\rif;jzpfawmfrlaomaMumihf vnf; aumif;? w&m;"rtm;jzihf vlewfjA[mow0gwdkY\ rif;jzpfawmfrlaom aMumihfvnf;aumif;? w&m;udkapmifha&Smufawmfrlaom rif;jzpfawmfrl aomaMumihfvnf;aumif;? "r&mZm [k 0daoo*kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sd awmfrl\/ (23) "romrd- w&m;\t&SifocifjzpfawmfrlaomaMumifh vnf;aumif;? w&m;tm;jzihf vlewfjA[mwd\t&Siocifjzpfawmfraom Yk f l aMumihvnf;aumif;? "romrd [k twdOu| 0daoo*kP&nfbUJG trnf f f &Sdawmfrl\/ (24) "rda&m- w&m;awmfudk tpdk;&awmfrlaomaMumihf "rd& [k 0daoo*kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (25) e&om&xd- vlewfjA[mow0gwdkYudk ukodkvftusdK;udk jyvsuf El;nHorarGUaomenf;jzihvnf;aumif;? tukov\tjypfwukd h d f f kd f Ykd jyvsuf Murf;aomenf;jzihfvnf;aumif;? qHk;rawmfrlwwfaomaMumihf e&om&xd [k twdOu| 0daoo*kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (26) e&oDa[m- vlewfjA[m ow0gwdkYxuf jrwfawmfrl aomaMumihvnf;aumif;? qefusibufjzpfaom wpfyg;aomolwYkd pGypJG f Y f f vTr;f rd;k ajymqdtyfaompum;udk zdEyvr;f rd;k wwfonfjzpf oD[[l k dS f T ac:qdxuaom yk*Kd vjf rwfjzpfaomaMumifvnf;aumif;? jcaoFrif;onf k kd f h h tpG,av;acsmif;wdjYk zihf tajcav;acsmif;om;taygif;udk vTr;f rd;k bdouJoYkd f h jrwfpmbk&m;onf oDv? ynm? bke;f uH? wefc;kd av;rsKd ;wdjYk zihf tvH;k pHk G aom owavmuBuD;udk vTrf;rdk;awmfrlwwfonfjzpf jcaoFhrif;ESihf wlaom yk*dKvfxl;jzpfawmfrlaomaMumihfvnf;aumif; e&oD[ [k 0daoo*kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (27) e&moabm- vlewfjA[m ow0gwdkYxuf jrwfawmfrl aomaMumifvnf;aumif;? EGm;wd\ a&SUoGm;acgif;aqmiftmobrnfaom h Yk EGm;rif;uJoYkd vlewfjA[mow0gwd\ tBu;D trSL;OD;pD;acgif;aqmifjzpf h Yk tmobEGm;rif;ESifhwlaomyk*dKvfxl;jzpfawmfrlaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; e&mob [k 0daoo*kPf&nfbGJUtrnf&Sdawmfrl\/ (qufvufazmfjyygrnf) oDwmOD; (jrefrmpm)

15

Repair of 450- year- old Tibetan Buddhist monastery to finish by year end

ESpfaygif; 450 oufwrf;&Sd wdAuf a&S ; a[mif ; Ak ' b momausmif ; awmf B uD ; rsm; ,ck E S p f u k e f t rD tm;vH k ; jyef v nf j yif q if r G r f ; rH N yD ; pD ; awmh r nf q d k j cif ;
XINING, China xinhua, March 9, 2009

wkwfjynfolYorwEkdkifiH taemufajrmufydkif; usif[dkif;jynf e,ftwGif;&Sd t0ga&mifbmoma&;,HkMunfcsufwlol wdAufa'o Ak' bmomvlenf;pkwdkYa'orS tvGefxif&Sm;ausmfMum;aom bk&m;ausmif; awmfBuD; ajcmufckwdkY ,kd,Gif;ysufpD;aeonfudk wkwfjynftpdk;&u jyef vnfjyifqifrGrf;rHxdef;odrf;vsuf&Sd&m ,ckESpfukefwGif ausmif;awmfBuD; tm;vH;k taumif;yuwdtwdi;f jyifqifNy;D pD;awmhrnf[k if;bk&m;ausmif; k BuD;rsm;rS wm0ef&Sdyk*dKvfu qif[Gmowif;XmeodkY ajymMum;onf[k qdk onf/ tqdyg ysup;D ,d,i;f vsu&aom a&S;a[mif;Ak'ausmif;awmf k f k G f dS BuD;rsm;udk wkwftpdk;&u jyifqifcJh&m ,ckaemufqHk; wwd,tBudrf tjzpf Ny;D pD;atmif tBu;D pm;jyifqifrvyief;Bu;D rsm;tjzpf jyifqifvsuf I k f &Sdonfqdk\/ ,if;ausmif;awmfBu;D rsm;teufrS a&Tb&m;ausmif;awmfBu;D ESifh k ZlZD,ef ausmif;awmfBuD;ESpfckwdkYrSm jyifqifrIvkyfief;tm;vHk;NyD;pD;aeNyD jzpfonf/ aemufxyfausmif;awmfBuD;ESpfckwdkYudk jyifqifrItBuD;pm;vkyf ief;tjzpfjzihf pwifjyifqifvsuf&Sd&m ]]*sdKif;qif;a0gif'Jef}} trnf&Sd a&S;a[mif;ausmif;awmfBuD;yg0ifonfqdk\/ if;ysufpD;,dk,Gif;vsuf&Sdaom Ak'bk&m;ausmif;BuD;rsm;rSm c&pfESpf 1560-ESpfumvu aqmufvkyfcJhaom ausmif;BuD;rsm;jzpfNyD; wkwfjynfA[dktpdk;&u ,if; wwd,tBudrf jyifqifp&dwf wkwfaiG ,Grf 25 oef; (tar&duefa':vm 3 'r 65 oef;ESihf nDrQonhfaiG) rsm;udk oHk;pGJcGifhjyKcJhonf/ jyifqifrIvkyfief;rsm;udk 2008 ck {NyDvu pwifcJhonfqdk\/ 1992 ckESpfu yxrqHk;tBudrf jyifqif&mwGif A[dktpdk;&u ,Grf 37-oef; (tar&duef 5 'r 3 oef;) oHk;pGJcJhNyD;? 'kwd,tBudrf jyifqifrIudk 2001 ckESpfu pwif ,GrfaiG oef; 30 oHk;pGJcJhonf[k qif[Gmowif;wGifazmfjyonf/

DHAMMANUPASSANA

16

"r0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

yckuL q&mawmfb&m;Bu;D b'EaEmbmor[max&f k a[mMum;awmfrtyfaom l

ygVd y d # uwf a wmf ' D C ed u ,f r [m0* o k w e f

r[mowd y Xmeok w f a wmf v m tvG e f r G e f j rwf v S N yD ; em;vnf v G , f ed A m ef a &muf a Mumif ; vl w k d i f ; vuf a wG Y u sif h E k d i f a om

"r m Ek y emw&m;awmf j rwf

]]"r m Ek y emw&m;awmf j rwf o nf omoemtwG u f t vG e f t usKd ; &S d N yD ; ? omoemjyK&mvnf ; a&muf o nf r nf ? jref r m bmomwpfrsKd;wnf;jzifh tptqkH;azmfjyvkduf&ygonf/ ("r0D&*sme,f) (,cif t ywf r S t quf ) a0'emI e nf ; "r m Ek y em(tm,weyd k i f ; ) jrwf p G m bk & m;u "r m Ek y em(tm,we)yd k i f ; ud k ygVd (a0'em)qd k w m(cH p m;w,f ) vd k Y t "d y g ,f & w,f ? cH p m;wJ h (a0'em)rSm csrf;omwJhcHpm;rIu (okca0'em)?qif;&JwJhcHpm;rIu vdka[mwJhae&mrSmyke py&H bdua0 bduK "arok "rmEkyD0d[&wd ('kua0'em)?qif;&Jcsrf;omr&Sd tv,ftvwfcHpm;wmu (Oayum qok tZwdu Am[da&ok tm,waeok/ umx a0'em)&,fvdkY(a0'em)u oHk; rsdK;oHk;pm;&Sdw,f(rSefygh)/ ye bdua0 bduK "arok "rmEkyD 0d[&wd cHpm;wJh(a0'em)uaumif;w,f?raumif;bl;? BudKufw,f? qok tZwdu Am[da&ok tm,waeok/ rBudKufbl;vdkYvnf; yHkazmfay;w,f? aumif;w,f? BudKufw,f? ESpfouf vdkY tpcsDNyD; a[mxm;ygw,f (rSefygY) w,fqdk&if wyfrufwJh(wPSm)jzpfwmyJ?raumif;bl;? rESpfoufbl;? &[ef;wdkY aemufwpfenf;tm;jzihf rdrdwdkY\ twGif; oEmef rBudKufbl;qdk&ifvnf; a'go? tmCmwawG uyfNidwJh (wPSm)jzpfwmyJ? BudKufawmh avmb(wPSm)? rBudKufawmh a'go uyfNidwJh(wPSm)yJ? jzpfaom tm,we(6)yg;? tjyifoEmefjzpfMuaom tm,we(6)yg; cHpm;wmufdk BudKufBudKuf? rBudKufBudKuf(wPSm) jzpfoGm;wmyJ(rSefygh)/ paom ("r) oabmw&m;wdkYudk tzefwvJvJ I&r,fvdkY a[mygw,f/ cHpm;&wJ(a0'em)ud(a0'em)cHpm;w,fvyoyg? aumif;w,f ....(rSefygY) h k Ykd J d 'Dawmh twGif;tm,we(6)yg;eJY tjyiftm,we (6)yg; raumif;bl;vdYk t"dyg ,faumuf&if (t0dZm) jzpfwmyJ? 'Dawmh(a0'em)udk cHpm;w,fvdkYyJodyg? [m(a0'em) cHpm;w,fvdkYyJodyg? aumif;w,f? &,fvdkY ItyfwJh tm,we(12)yg;udk ajym&&if... = jzpf&m raumif;bl;vkyf&if BudKufw,f?r BudKufbl;jzpfNyD;(wPSm?Oyg'gef?uH) twGif;tm,we tjyiftm,we (twdkuf"mwf) bufa&mufNyD; 'kujzpfaMumif; (ork',opm)awGxyfjzpfawmhwmyJ (tcH"mwf) 1/ rsufaph(pum,we)- (tqif;) lygHk(kyf)lyg,we= jrifod&m (rSeygh)/ f o'g,we= Mum;od&m (kyf)&Sd&if(a&m*g)&SdvdkY cHpm;rI (a0'em)qdkwm&Sdvm w,f? 2/ em;(aomw,we)= (toH)o'gHk *Em,we= eHod&m cHpm;wmav;yJvYkd [m (a0'em)vdYk 'Dvoay;&w,f/ (a0'em)jzpf&if 3/ ESmacgif;(Cmem,we)= (teHY)(*EmHk) kd d (a0'em)rS e f ; od & w,f ? rod & if (t0d Z m )jzpf w ,f / rBud K uf w J h 4/ vQm(Zd0Sm,we)= (t&om)&omHk &om,we= t&om od&m (a0'em)cHpm;rd&if a0'emyp,m a'gaom(a'go) jzpfvmw,f/ 5/ udk,f(um,mwe)= (txdtawGU)azm|AmHk azmXmAm,we= BudKufwJha0'emudk cHpm;rd&if a0'emyp,m wPSmu (avmbrlpdwf) xdawGUod&m "rm,we =BuHawG;od&m jzpfvmw,f? rBuKd u&if a0'emyp,ma'g aomu(a'gorlpw) jzpfvm 6/ raem(rem,we)= (BuHawG;p&m) f d f 'DtwGif;tjyif tm,weawGudk odatmifIygwJh oday; ygwJh w,f? ukodkvfusawmh a0'emyp,m (ya&m) o'gjzpfvmw,f/ f tukodkvfusawmh ty&docFg& (arm[rlpdwf)rqifjcif&m a&mufoGm; (rSeygY)/ " bdua0 bduK puKyZmemwd? laypyZmemwd? w,f? rqifjcifwmu rdef;rvdkYjrifNyD; rqifjcif&if acsmw,f? vSw,f , w'kb,H y#dp OyZwd oHa,mZeH w yZmemwd? vdkcsifwJhtwdkif; xm;&if (a0'emyp,mwPSm)a&mufw,f(rSefygY)/ y/ aomw yZmemwd? oa'pyZmemwd? y? ,p oHa,m (a0'em)ay:vm&if [m(a0'em)vd k Y y J o d y g/ [m ZeH OyZwd? wyZmemwd? y? Cme *aEp yZmembd? y/ (a0'em)? [m (a0'em)jzpfaMumif;vkdY oday;yg/ (a0'em)jzpf Zd0S &aopyZmemwd/ y? um,azmXaApyZmemwd/ aMumi;fu (t0dZm? ocFg&) aMumihfyJ (rSefygY)? rdrdoEmefrSm (a0'em)u ye "arp yZmemwd/ y/ xif&Sm;jzpf&if [m(a0'em)vdkY Iyg? rI&if (t0dZm) 0ifNyD; (wPSm? tm,weawGjzpfwJh rsufapheJYtqif;? em;eJYtoH? ESmacgif;eJY Oyg'gef? uH)awGjzpfvYkd (avmbrl) pdw?f (a'gorl) pdwawGbufa&mufNy;D f teH?Y vQmeJt&om? ud,eYJ xdawGUp&m? raemeJY BuawG; p&mpwJtwGi;f Y k f H h (tukodkvf)0ifvmEkdifw,f...(rSefygY)/

DHAMMANUPASSANA
"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfaponf/ tm,we"mwf(6)yg;eJY tjyiftm,we"mwf (6)yg;wdYk awGUwduwtcg k f hJ oHa,mZOf(10)yg;wdkY jzpfMuw,f/ (rSeygY)/ f oH a ,mZOf ( 10)yg;uawmh (1) umr&m*oHa,mZOf (umr&m*udk uyfNidaom) (2) y#duoHa,mZOf (a'gouyfNidaom) (3) rmeoHa,mZOf (axmifvTm;rI uyfNidaom) (4) 'd|doHa,mZOf (t,lrSm;? tjrifrSm;rI uyfNidaom) (5) 0dpdudpmoHa,mZOf (,Hrm;oHo, uyfNivmwwfaom) k S d (6) b0&m*oHa,mZOf (jynhfpHkcsrf;omaom b0&rnfh txif uyfNidrnfhoabm) (7) oDvAwy&mrmooHa,mZOf (aemifudkvnf; odkY usihf& rnf[k uyfNidaomoabm) (8) omoHa,mZOf (olwpfyg;udk remvdkrI uyfNidaom) (9) rp&d,oHa,mZOf (olwpfyg;udk remvdkrI uyfNidaom) (10) t0dZmoHa,mZOf (od&rSmudkrod? rod&rSmudk odwwfrI uyfNidaom) rdroEmef (tcH"mwf) tm,we(6)yg;eJY jyifyu (twdu"mwf) d k f tm,we(6)yg;udk awGUwdkufwJhtcg 'Dvdk uyfNid rI (10)yg;vdkYac:wJh oHa,mZOf(10)yg;wdkY jzpfay:wwfygw,f/ (rSeygY) f 'Dvdk(oHa,mZOf) awGjzpfvm&if 'grsKd;awG rdrdoEmefrSm uyfNid vm&if j zpf & if ( jzpf w ,f ) vd k Y ( od ) yg/ od v d k u f v d k Y 'D ( oH a ,mZOf ) awG rjzpf a wmh b l ; qd k & if v nf ; (rjzpf a wmh b l ; )(ysuf ) w,f v d k Y od y g/ oHa,mZOf(jzpf)aMumif;udkvnf;odyg? (ysuf) aMumif;udkvnf; odyg? 'Dvdk ud k , h f o E m ef r S m oH a ,mZOf a wG (jzpf w m? ysuf w m) od o d a e&if w'*F y [mef ? 0d u r e y[mef cPtm;jzih f tNrJ w rf ; tm;jzih f rjzpfawmhwmudkvnf; oday;ygwJh (rSefygYbk&m;) (tm,we)udkajym&&if? (tm,mwe)qdkwm (eHrnf) tac: ta0:taeeJY (tm,we)vdYk ac:&wm? wu,fawmh (tm,we)qdwm k ]]jzpf&m}} 12 yg;udk ajymwm? (jzpf&m) udk (tm,we)vdkY ac:w,f? (pdwf? apwoduf)udk csJUxGifwwfwJh (jzpf&m) ae&mawGudk cEmrSmjzpfrSef; odwJhae&m (jzpf&m) udk (tm,we)vkdY ac:&w,f(rSefygYbk&m;)/ jrif&mu (puK) rsufpd? (pdwf)usawmh (rSef)eJY wlw,f? rSefvSnhfwJhbufu tkyfawGay:ovdkyJ? (pdwf)usawmh rSefaxmif wnhf&mjzpfwm (rSefygY)? Mum;&mu (aomw) ESmacgif;u (eH)wm udkjzpfapw,f? 'gaMumihf(jzpf&m)udk (tm,we)ajym&wmyJ? jzpf&mu (tm,we)vdkYac:w,f? (tpk)udk (cEm)vkdYac:w,f/ wpfckckawG;&if pdwfxJrSm (cEmtpk ig;ck)ay:wmudk (cEmig;yg;) ay:w,fac:w,f (rSeygY)/ f (cE m ig;yg;) t0if c H & w,f q d k w m (t0d Z m )jzpf a evd k Y (pdwfcEm)awG ay:ae&wm? (cEm)udk t0ifrcHbl;qdk&if (cEm) vnf;r& (t0dZm)vnf; rjzpfawmhbJ? 'kuNidrf;awmh (edAmef)&wm yJaygY (rSefygY)? tJ ' D (tm,we)qd k w m (cE m )ud k j zpf a y:apNyD ; rd r d oE m ef r S m ('k u ) awG j zpf a pwmyJ ? 'gaMumih f (tm,we)u (oH o &m)ud k csUJ wwfww&m;vdYk ac:&wmyJ (cEm)awGjzpf&mu oHo&mrqH;k Ekiatmif hJ d f (Oyg'geuEm'ku)jzpfwJh (Oyg'geuEm) awG&aevdkYyJ(rSefygY)/ (tm,we)eJY jzpf&mudk jy&&if rsufpdu (jrif&m) jzpf w,f/ em;u(Mum;&m)jzpfw,f? ESmacgif;u&m(eH)jzpfw,f? vQmu (t&om) jzpfw,f? udk,fu (txdtawGU)jzpfw,f? pdwfu (BuHawG;&m)jzpfw,f? jrifpdwfjzpf&if (cEmig;yg;)&w,f? Mum;pdwfjzpfvnf; pm;pdwfjzpfvnf;

17

(cEmig;yg;) &w,f? BuHawG;pdwfjzpfvnf; (cEmig;yg;)&w,f? 'Dawmh b,fpdwfjzpfjzpf b,fcEm yJ&& (Oyg'geuEm)awGjzpfawmh? 'D(Oyg 'geuEm)awGu 'kuvdkY("rpMum)xJrSm jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mxm;w,f r[kwfvm; (a[mxm;ygw,fbk&m;)/ 'gaMumihf oHo&mcsJUwwfwJh (jzpf&mtm,mwe)rSm (jzpf&m) &SdwJhae&mrSm (csKyf&m) &Sdw,f? (rSefygY)? (wPSm)b,fu jzpfovJqdk&if (cEmig;yg;)jzpf&muaejzpfvmwm? (cEmig;yg;)u b,fuaepjzpfovJ qdk&if oHo&mcsJUwwfwJh (tm,we)vdkY ac:wJhtwGif;uqdk&if rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? udk,f? pdwf twGif; tm,,we(6)yg;u jzpfw,f? tjyifu qdk&iftqif; toH? teHY? t&omxdawGUp&m BuHawG;p&mpwJh tjyiftm,we (6)yg;wdkYu8 pjzpfw,f? (rSefygY)/ wPSmu =Niduyfwm &m*u =wyfrufwm udavom= npfEGrf;wm...(rSefygY) pd w f r S m ud a vomawG j zpf a e&if pd w f n pf E G r f ; aeNyD a ygY ? pdwfawGav;aeNyDaygY? udavomowfxm;wJh (psmef)&wJh &aoh awG (psmef)tbdnmPfwefcdk;eJY psmefysHEdkifwJh &[EmawGvdk b,faygYyg;ygYrvJ (rSefygY) wPSmjzpf&if (wPSm? rme? 'd|d)wdkY (&m*? a'go? arm[)qdkwJh tyg,fus apwJhw&m;awG tukef jzpapawmhwmaygY (rSefygY)'gaMumihf (wPS m ? rme? 'd | d ) wd k Y (&m*? a'go? arm[)wd k Y r0if a tmif (tm,we)udkvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m; u Icdkif;ygw,f...(rSefygY)/ (tm,mwe)udk y#dporkyg'fenf;eJY ajym&&if ]]puKHp y#dp laypOyZwd puK0dnmPH}} (jrifpdwf) (wPSm)jzpf&wm (cEmig;yg;)&vdkY? (cEmig;yg;) jzpf& wm (tm,we)&SdaevdkY (tm,mwe)qdkwm puKqdkwJh (rsufpd) twGif; tm,weeJ Y (tqif ; k y f ) qd k w J h tjyif tm,we"mwf 2 ckwdkY(pka0;jcif;)aMumihf (jrifpdwf) &wm (cEm)&wm? ("r) & wmyJvdkY 'DvorS ("r)oabmjzpfwm? 'Doabmav;yJ (od)w,f? 'Doabmav;yJ kd d (ysuf) oGm;wmyJ&Sdw,f/ ig? ol? a,musfm;? rdef;r? yk*dKvf? ow0gawG b,f[kwfygYrvJ? tJ'Dvdk (ow0g)r[kwfbl;? (tm,mwe 2 ck)wdkY (pk a 0;&m)aMumih f (cE m )&wm? ("r ) eJ Y ajym &&if ("r ) av;awG &vmwmvdkY 'Dvdk(y#dporkyg'f)enf;eJYvnf; od&w,f? 'grS tjrifrSef (orm'd|d)jzpfw,f (rSefygY)/ (rsufpd)tm,weeJY lygHk(tqif;)tm,weESpfcku rsufpdeJY tqif;? em;eJY toH? ESmacgif;eJYteHY? vQmeJYt&om? udk,feJY xdawGUp&m? pdwfeJY BuHawG;p&mtm,mwe 2 ckwdkY\ pka0;rdjcif; aMumihf jzpf&wJh (cEm)yJ? (tm,we)2 cktaMumif;? (cEm)u tusKd;yJ? b,fuvm ig? ol? a,musfm;? rdef;r? yk*dKvf(ow0g) qdkwm &SdrSmvJ? (ow0g)qdkwm r&Sdbl;? qdkwJh trSefjrif orm'd|d&rS (ow0g)tjrifawG aysmufw,f (rSeygY)/ f (ow0g) aysmuf&if (tw)vnf;aysmufw,f? ('ku)vnf; aysmufw,f? 'DvdkodwJh tavhtusihf[m (oHo&m)jywfwJh usihfpOfyJvdkY od&r,f? (rSefygY)/ ]](ow0g) uke?f (tw) NrKH onfomvQif (t&d,m)}} yJ jzpfw,f? 'Dvdkod&if;eJY t&d,mjzpfw,f? bk&m;vufxyfawmf tcgu t&Sifr[m upn;f qdwhJ &[EmBu;D wpfyg;qd&if vlawG ewfawGu tvGeMf unfnKd Ny;D k k tvGefcspfcifMuw,f? bmaMumihf vnf;qdk&if t&Sifr[m upnf; &[EmBuD;u (tda`E)udk tvGef apmihfpnf;wmudk;? apmihfpnf;qdk 'D(tm,we)w&m;todeJY odNyD;aewJh (&[Em)BuD;jzpfavawmh (umr? &m*)awGNir;f cJwhJ tjyif? tda`EawGvnf;jzpfwmaygY/ jrifjriforQ (ow0g) d h (pmrsuf E S m 24 ok d Y )

DHAMMA DEW

18

"r0D&onf rsKd;quftwGuf jzpfonf/

deeply on three existential questions ''Who am I?"" ''What am I doing here? ''Am I needed?" The answers to these questions provide the basis for him to lead a meaningful existence. We call these the principles of life.

aemuf a usmzk H ; rS ow0gtm;vHk;wdkYxuf ydkrdk omvGef aom tqihfjzpfaomaMumihfjzpf avonf/

Only the human mind can appreciate the Dhamma. It is significant to note that humans are the only living beings in this universe who can canceive a system as complex as religion. Even devas and brahmas have no particular religion.

vlom;wdkY\ todPfw&m;uomvQif w&m;"r ESihf pyfvsOf; eufeufdIif;dIif;em;vnf oabmaygufEkdifrnfjzpfonf/ pMu0Vmur m avmu"mwf B uD ; twG i f ; vl o m;wd k Y o m vQif ,if;w&m;"r\ 0daooteuft"dyg,fwdkYudk NcHKiHkoHk;oyf vsuf vd k & if ; wd k & S i f ; a&muf a tmif &S i f ; vif ; wif j yEk d i f M urnf j zpf onf / tpdwftydkif;rsm;pGm qufpyfyg0ifvsuf cufcJeufeJaom bmomw&m; wpf&yf\ 0daooyHk[efpepfudk vlwdkYuom BuHpnf pdwful; pl;prf; avhvmum ajz&Sif;ay;EkdifMurnfjzpfonf/ tHhMo p&maumif;onfrSm ewfa'0grsm;ESihf jA[mrsm;wGif bmomw&m; ,HkMunfudk;uG,frI[l wdwdusus r&SdMujcif;yifjzpfonf/
Although we worship devas or brahmas and do some offering in their name, we must realise that our human intelligence is superior to theirs. That is why a deva or a brahma cannot become a Buddha.

tawG;tac:ynm&SifBuD;rsm; tygt0if vlom; tm;vHk; wdtaejzihf vl\ twdwEifh ypKyeumvqdi&m taMumif;w&m;rsm;ESifh Yk f S f k f pyfvsu&aom vlb0qdi&m jyem ar;cGe;f oH;k &yfwukd tav;teuf f dS Y k f Ykd jyK pOf;pm;awG;awmMu&ef txl;vdktyfvSrnfjzpfonf/ ,if;vlYb0 qki&m jyemar;cGe;f oH;k &yfwrm ]]igqdwm b,fov}} ]]ig'Dae&mrSm d f Ykd S k l J bmawG vkyfaeovJ ]]igqdkwmudk wu,fbJ vdktyfaeygovm;}} ar;cGef;\ tajzwdkYonf vl\ b0jzpfwnfrI twGuf t"dyg,f &SdpGm touf & S i f & yf w nf a e&jcif ; \ tajccH r l v oabmrsm;ud k odjrifem;vnfEkdifatmif yHhydk;ay;pGrf;Ekdifvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/
What are the basis human principles? To answer this question. We must first ask ourselves what is the meaning of the term ''Human". The Pali and Sanskrit languages use the word "mamusa" or "manusya" when referring to humans. It is a very meaningful word. Incidentally, the English word "Man" is derived from the Sauskrit word "manu" meaning "to think".

rnfokdYyif &Sdapumrl uREfkyfwdkY vlom;rsm;onf ewfa'0g rsm;odr[kwf jA[mrsm;tm; if;wd\ bGUJ rnf&nf emrnfemr rsm;tvduf Yk Yk k wifajrmufyozG,f&m 0wKypnf;wdkYjzihf ylaZmfvsuf 0wfjyKqkawmif; Mujcif;jzihf ud;k uG,qnf;uyfMuavonf/ wu,fawmh if;ewfa'0grsm; f odkYr[kwf jA[mrsm;xuf tqihftwef; tvGefjrihfrm;aom todPf w&m;rsm; uREfkyfwdkY vlom;rsm;wGif &SdMuonfudk em;vnfoabmayguf Mu&rnfjzpfonf/ ewfa'0g wpfa,muf odkYr[kwf jA[mwpfa,muf wdkYonf vlom;wdkYxuf todPft&mwGif tvGefedrhfusMuonfjzpf ,if;ewfa'0g odkYr[kwf jA[mwdkYtaejzihf if;wdkY\ vuf&Sdewfb0 jA[mb0rSae rnfonfhtcgwGifrQ bk&m;jzpfEkdifMurnfr[kwfacs/
Only a human being can attain supreme enlightenment because only he has the capability to develop his intelligence to the highest level.

vl p if p pf vl o m;tjzpf u omvQif ur m avmu tjrih f r m;qH k ; aom tod Pf t vif ; w&m;ud k ayguf a jrmuf qdua&mufEirnfjzpfonf/ tb,faMumihqygaomf vlom; ppfppfw k f dk f f kd Ykd omvQif&Sdonfh zGHUNzdK;aompGrf;tm;jzihf? urmavmu pMu0Vm teEwdkY tjrihfrm;qHk;aom tqihfjrihf todPfw&m;xl;rsm;udk odjrifaygufajrmufydkifEkdifapaomaMumihfjzpfonf/
Given this intelligence man trues to understand the nature of his existence and to formulate an orderly code of conduct which will make him noble and worthy of respect.

]]vlqonf\ tajccHrl oabmw&m;qdonfrm tb,fenf; kd k S tar;ykpmESipyfvsO;f tajzrSeukd pOf;pm;? awG;ac:MunhMf uygvQif fh f uREfkyfwdkY udk,fwdkifu udk,fhudk,fudk udk,fjyef ar;cGef;xkwfMunhfMu&ef vdkvmonf/ ]]vl}} qdkonfh a0g[m&pum;vHk;\ teuft"dyg,frSm tb,fygenf;[k ar;cGef; xkwf ar;MunhfMu&rnfjzpfonf/ ygVd E S i h f ou w bmoma0g[m& toH k ; tEI e f ; pum;vH k ; rsm;jzpfaom ]]rEk}} odr[kwf ]]rEkys(rEk,)}} wdonf vlom; tppf Yk Yk trSefjzpfonfudk &nfTef;azmfjyonf/ a0g[m& toHk; tEIef; pum;vH k ; wd k Y o nf t"d y g ,f tvG e f a v;euf o uf a &muf M uaom pum;vHk;rsm;vnf;jzpfMuonf/ avmavmq,f t m;jzih f wif p m; ajymjy&rnf q d k v Qif t*Fvdyfa0g[m&pum;vHk; ]]Man" onf ouwbmompum;vHk; ]rEk} rS wdkufdkufqif;oufvmaom a0g[m&pum;vHk;jzpfNyD; t"dyg,frSm ]]pOf;pm;awG;ac:&ef}} [lonfh teufoabmodkY oufa&mufavonf/
Humans are the only living beings who can cultivate and develop the mind to its maximum level. Such a living being is called manussa (human) The word "man" is also derived from the word mana meaning mind. Thus one who has a mind to think is called man.

todPfw&m;udk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;ygu vlwdkY touf&Sif &yfwnfaeEkdifjcif;\ obm0w&m;udk oabmayguf em;vnfatmif vlwdkY BudK;yrf;aeMujcif;ESihf pepfwus aocsmpGm zefwD;xm;aom vlYusihf0wfqdkif&m pnf;urf;Oya'rsm;udk olwdkYudk,fwdkifu dk;om;pGm vdkufemapmihfxdef;Mujcif;tm;jzihf av;pm; xdkufaom tjyKtrlrsm;udk jyKvkyfaeMuolrsm;tjzpf xifay:apayonf/
Thinker among men past and present have pondered

ur m ajravmu touf & S i f & yf w nf a eMuaom ouf & S d o w 0 grsm;teuf vl w d k Y o nf pd w f o bm0ud k pG r f ; Ek d i f o rQ trsm;qH k ; aom yrmPtqih f t xd a&muf a tmif jyKpk y sKd ; axmif zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufatmif pGrf;aqmifEkdifcJhMuavonf/ a,bk , stm;jzih f em;vnf v uf c H x m;Muonf h t wd k i f ; ouf&Sdow0grsm;teufif;wdkYukd ]]rEk(vlom;)}} [l ac:a0: cJhMu onf/ ]]rEk(vlom;)}} [laom a0g[m&pum;vH;k rSm ]]re}} [lonfh ygVda0g[m&pum; t"dyg ,f ]]pdw}f } rS qif;oufvmcJjh cif;vnf;jzpfonf/ enf ; tm;jzih f ouf a &muf a om tusKd ; w&m;tjzpf wpf O D ; wpf a ,muf a omol o nf ]]pd w f } } jzif h BuH p nf a wG ; awmjyKrl cHpm;wwfonfqdkygu if;tm; ]]vl}} [l ac:qdkowfrSwfMuavonf/

THE RENAISSANCE
"r0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

19

a&S ; usaom r[mrk e d b k & m;BuD ;

jrwf a 0 (a&T j ynf o m) xd k t H h z G , f 9yg;rS m * E u k # D j ymom'f a wmf B uD ; vuf&Sd*Euk#Djymom'fawmfBuD;rSm tjrifh 3 xyf? pwk&ef; 1/ wd&pmefaus;iSuf ow0gtaygif;wdkYonf kyf&SifawmfjrwfBuD; \ wpfzufem; 103 awmif? a&TZ0gwdkif 84 wdkif&Sdavonf/ awmifawmf *Euk#Da&Tjyom'fay:odkY vTm;ausmfysHoef;em;aejcif;iSm r0Hhjcif;/ omoemydkifq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; BuD;rSL; 1254 ckESpf wefaqmifrkef; 2/ k y f & S i f a wmf j rwf \ a&T r suf E S m awmf o nf xG e f ; ay:xG u f j yLp vqef; (14)&uf Ak'[;l aeYwif a&Ttw?f aiGtwwjYkd zihf tkwjf rpfcsawmfrl vrif ; aomf w muJ h o d k Y aeY a eY nn zl ; ajrmf r 0atmif tNrJ e d p G k k f cJavonf/ &efueNf rKd U tif*sie,mrif;Bu;D rpwm tifeazmha&;qGaom xGef;vif;awmufyaom a&mifjcnfawmfjrwfudk vTwfawmfrljcif;/ h k f D D J yHkpHtwdkif; vufaxmufrpwmbkESihf pma&;BuD; OD;a,mwdkYBuD;Muyf 3/ rdpm,lrSm; 'kdvyk*dKvfwdkYonf kyf&Sifawmfjrwftm; IMunhf 1256 ckESpf e,kef vqef; 14 &uf we*FaEGaeYwGif tv,fA[dkjyom'f 0ifzl;aomf aomufSL;yrm a&TrsufESmawmfonf ndKjymarSmifvsuf awmfBuD;\ tkwfjrpfcsyGJudk 'kwd,tBudrf usif;ycJhavonf/ tjrihf 35 ta&mifawmf rxGufbJ arS;rSdefaejcif;/ awmif 2 rdkuf&Sd bHk 7 qihfygaom jymom'fawmfBuD;jzpfonf/ ajrrS 4/ k y f & S i f a wmf j rwf \ oP m ef a wmf u d k yH k w l a wmf u l ; a&;om; xkyumtxd 98 awmif 2 rdujf rihonf/ bHk 7 qih&aom xD;awmfBu;D rSm oGef;vkyfaomfvnf; yHkawmftwl pHwlr&Ekdifjcif;/ d k f f dS k d f fh d f xD; t0 4 awmifywfvnf? t0ef; 12 awmif? tjrihf 15 awmif 5/ w&m;qdi?f trINyKd i?f tEkitH;I ? usio;kH rlom;? useqjkd im;aomf vnf; 'd|vufiif; ysuf,Gif;xda&mufapEkdifaom wefcdk;awmf BuD;rm;jcif;/ 1xGm&Sdonf/ xD;awmfBuD;udk 1260 jynfhESpf wydkYwGJvqef; 8 &uf 6/ &[ef;&Sifvl jynfoltrsm;wdkYonf o'gw&m;wdk;yGm; wuf<u t*FgaeYwGif wifvSLylaZmfMuavonf/ aomtaMumif; ode;f aomif;ruaom a&Tqi;f wdjYk zihf &ufanmif; ESprsm; kd f uAsmrsm;jzih f armf u G e f ; xd k ; aeYwi;f uyfvLS Muaomfvnf; ajyjypfoefpif? jynhNf zKd ;vGiaom ud,awmf kd Y f k f 1260 jynhEpu xD;awmfwifyukd ]]atmufuoGe;f tpGe;f okn f S f JG rked&SifudkxD;wifMu[l}}vnf;aumif; 1263 ckESpfu kyf&Sifawmf yuwd&Sdjcif;/ f S f h h J jrwf B uD ; tm; rud k # f a wmf q if j ref ; yG J u d k ]]nH o J N cd r f h t k H ; ? rk e d b k e f ; ? 7/ wpfq,hEpvrnfonftcg or,rqdk aeYa&mnOfyg yGawmf toGif aeYpOfbk&m;zl;vma&mufMuolrsm;rSm aomaomnH toH rpJpnfum; jynfvHk;rudk#fwif}} [lvnf;aumif;? xD;wifyGJawmfudk ]]tpfa'G; tXfatmif oknaqmif 0gacgifvvJ xD;wifyGJ}}[lvnf; aumif; vsuf&Sdjcif;/ 8/ wef c l ; uqk e f p aom oBuF e f t wm? anmif a &oG e f ; tcg uAsmvuFmwdkYjzihf onmjyK armfuGef;xdk;cJhMuavonf/ a&S U aemuf 0 J , m td k ; BuD ; td k ; i,f w d k Y E S i h f a&oy g ,f M uygaomf v nf ; r[mrkedbk&m;BuD;\ tHhzG,f 9yg; tH h M ozG , f & m *k P f u d k ; jzmES i h f jynh f p H k a wmf r l a omaMumih f a&SUawmfyg; a&rwnfEkdifjcif;/ r[mrkedbk&m;BuD;\ ausmfapmoHrSm oHk;jzmb0*fysHUESHUwufcJhavonf/ 9/ a0ae,sow 0 grsm;pG m wd k Y qif ; &J c srf ; omawG U BuH K rnf r S e f u kyym;awmfonf xl;jcm;xif&m;pGmjyaom bke;f wefc;kd awmf&jdS cif; ponfh f G S tHhMozG,f&m wefcdk;awmfrsm;&Sdavonf/ a&mif j cnf a wmf v T w f j cif ; (qufvufazmfjyygrnf) r[mrk e d k y f & S i f a wmf B uD ; onf wef c d k ; tmEk a bmf t vG e f txl ; rS m Mum;csuf rav;&S m ;Ek d i f i H uG m vmvmrf y l N rd K U Ak ' 0 g'"r o moemjyK BuD;rm;awmfrlonf/ ou&mZf 1245 ckESpf? aESmif;wefcl;vqef; 13 r[m0d[m& ausmif;wdkuf y"meem,uq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; a'gufwm &uf ? t*F g aeY rG e f ; vG J 2 em&D r S nae 4 em&D t xd r[mrk e d f S f f k kH au? q&D? "reEr[max&f\ Ak'"r omoemjyK pmpOfrsm;rS ky&iawmfjrwfBu;D \ xuf0ef;usirS a&rD;tpHppaom wefc;kd jym#d[m ]] Buddhist Principles for Human Dignity" trnf&Sd pmtkyfudk a&mif j cnf a wmf v T w f a wmf r l o nf / ,if ; od k Y a om wef c d k ; jym#d [ m jrefrmbmomokdY jyefqdk tywfpOf azmfjy oGm;rnfjzpfygonf/ yroH*g,emwif bk&ifrif;wke;f rif;w&m;Bu;D u qufuyfaom e&dEmbd ,cifjyefqdkcJhaom pmpOfrsm;rSm tifwmeuf rS &&Sdaom pmpOfrsm;jzpf oD&do'r"Z r[m"r&mZm'd&mZm*kkESihf e&dEmbd oD&do'r aZmwdu "r0D&*sme,f wpfywf? ESpfywfjzihf ukefatmifazmfjyEkdifcJhygonf/ ,ck ygv"Z r[m"r&mZm"d&mZ*kkbGJUwHqdyfawmf (2)ckESihf oDaygrif; pmrlrSm pmtkyfwpftkyfudk jyefqdkazmfjyjcif;jzpf tcsdef,lazmfjyrnf w&m;BuD;u qufuyfaom e&dEmbd"Ztwk v"dywdod&dy0& r[m "r & mZm"d & mZ*k k b G J U wH q d y f a wmf p onf h bG J U wH q d y f a wmf 3wef u d k jzpfygaMumif; tpD&if cHtyfygonf/ tvSLawmfcH&aom qD;yef;eDq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;t&Sife&dE"Zu "r0D&-oEm tjynf j ynf q d k i f & max&0g'Ak ' o moemjyKwu o d k v f ]]ae0g,H}} ]]blumoH}} ]]edpvH}} ]]rwk#H}} tpcsDaom r[mrkedbk&m;BuD; (pmrsuf E S m 26 ok d Y ) &efukefNrdKU/

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

20

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? usrf;jy

v,f w D q &mawm

k l a&;om;jyKpawmfra

The Ledi Dhamma by MAHA THERA LED (v,fweAmefusr;f ) (L D d

v,f w D e d A m ef w &

edAmef[onf avmuDtmHwxuf vGejf rwfaom avmukw&m w&m;/ cEmrSvwaom cE0rww&m;/ ,kwnaom &m*? a'go? arm[ udavom l k Ykd G f d k f f Hh jzpfysufrpJ woJoJaom edrdwftaygif; csKyfNidrf;ukefqHk;&mw&m;/ qif;&J'kutaygif;wdkYrS uif;Nidrf;vGwfajrmuf aomw&m;/ yk*dKvf ow0g ponf twwdkYr xdkw&m;jrwfonf ykxkZOfwdkY\ PfESifhrSef;qr&? cufcJ eufeJaomw&m;/ *rD&Pf? Z0ePf? [moPf? wduPf? wdu ynm? 0 xdkrQeufeJcufcJaom w&m;xl;w&m;jrwfudk usrf;jyKtausmf urmausmf r[max&fausmf v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; zGifhqdk&Sif;jy awmfrlcJhonfh ]]v,fwDe ESpfbmomedAmefusrf;wdkYudk "r0D& "rrdwfaqG olawmfpifrsm; avhvmyGm;rsm;awmfrlEdkifMuap&ef rl&if;twkdif; azmfjyvdkufygonf/

Ak ' b momed A m ef
oHo&m0#f'kurS uRwfvGwfjcif;qdkonfum; edAmefudk qdko wnf;/

- Buddhabhasa nibbana: Nibbana for Buddhists. . Liberation from samsara vat.t a dukkha constitute nibbana .

Three Kinds of Nibbana

ed A m ef o H k ; rsd K ;
xdeAmefonfvnf;k d 1/ yxredAmef? 2/ 'kwd,edAmef? 3/ wwd,edAmef- [l 3 rsdK; &Sd\/ xdwif yxredAmef qkonfum;- tyg,foo&m\ qdi&m0#f k G d H k f 'kuw\ aemifjzpfay:&ef t<uif;tuser&Sd csKyNf ir;f jcif;udk yxredAmef Ykd f d qdk\/ 'kw,edAmef qdonfum;- vlb0 ewfb0 tquftquf[k d k Y qdktyfaom tv,foHo&m\ qdkif&m0#f'kuwdkY\ aemifjzpfay:&ef t<uif;tusefr&Sd csKyfNidrf;jcif;udk 'kwd,edAmef qdk\/ wwd,edAmef qdkonfum;- ly tlyjA[mb0 tqufquf [k qdktyfaom txufoHo&m\qdkif&m 0#f'kuwdkY\ aemifjzpfay:&ef t<uif;tusefr&Sd csKyfNidrf;jcif;udk wwd,edAmef qdk\/ yxr[med A m ef tw'|EiwuG wPSmudk t<uif;rJh y,fowftyfonf&aomf d d S fh dS tvHk;pHkaom 'kpdkufwdkYESifhwuG tyg,fb0awGudk y,fowfjcif;udp

Nibbana is of three kinds; 1) The first Nibbana; 2) The Second Nibbana; -na. 3) The Third Nibba Of these, the First Nibbana is characterized by the total termination and absolute non-revival of recurring sufferings re. lated to the cycle of rebirths in the Lower samsa ra (the netherwolds). The Second Nibbana is characterized by the total termination and the absolute non-revival of recurring sufferings related to the cycle of rebirths in the human and deva worlds of the . Middle samsara. The Third Nibbana is characterized by the total termination and the absolute non-revival of recurring sufferings related to the cycles of rebirths in the corporeal and incorporreal realms . of the Brahma worlds constituting the Upper samsara. The First Great Nibbana With the elimination of attadit.t hi (delusion of believing . in the existence of self) together with the accompanying tanha (craving), the possibilities of all manner of immoralities (ducarita)and life in the netherwolrds (apaya) are eliminated. From the time that a person eliminates the craving associated with the delusion of self(dit.t hi sampayutta tanha), he is freed from the . . dangers of immoralities (ducarita)and life in the netherworlds.

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

"r0D&onf ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;twGuf jzpfonf/

21

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urmausmf

mawmf b k & m;BuD ;

k l m;jyKpawmfraom

mma on Nibba na by A LEDI SAYADAW rf;) (Ledi Nibban)

ef w &m;awmf r sm;

[ udavomtaygif;wdYk csKyq;kH ukeaysmuf&mw&m;/ oEd yuwd Niroufat;Nir;f aomw&m;/ okc ylyefaMumifMh uawmifwrIuif; vGepmcsr;f omaomw&m;/ f f d f d h f G onf twwdkYrS uif;qdwf&mw&m;/ wdu ynm? 0dyemPfynmwdkYjzihf ydkif;jcm;pdwfjzmavhvmwwfrS jrifEdkif odEdkifaom t&d,mwdkY\ 'ePfjrifjzifhom odjrifEdkifaomw&m; jzpf\/ nfh ]]v,fwDedAmefw&m;awmfrsm;}} udk &efukefNrdKU em*vdkPf*l uav;0q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\aus;Zl;jzihf rdcif{&m0wDwdkufrS xkwfa0 cJhaom jrefrm-t*Fvdyf ("r0D&) Ny;D pD;av\/ xd'|or,wwPSmudk y,fowfonfu tpjyK xdy*Kd vf k d d k f k k onf 'kpdkufab; tyg,fab;wdkYrS uRwfvGwfav\/ ab;BuD;ESpfyg; rS uRwfvwNf ir;f at;rIBu;D udyif Ak'bmomomoemawmf oOyg'dao, G d k tocFw yxr r[medAmefBuD;[l qdktyfayonf/ yxredAmefBuD; onf yxrt&d,m aomwmyefyk*dKvf 'kwd,t&d,m ou'g*grfyk*dKvf cHpm;tyfaom edAmefBuD;aywnf;/ rdrdcEm tewPftjrif aygufa&muf tw'd|d t<uif; tusefr&Sd csKyfNidrf;NyD;aomolonf cyfodrf;aom 'd|dtarSmuftrSm;wdkYrS vnf; uRwvwMf uav\/ cyfor;f aom tyg,fvm;aMumif; raumif;rI f G d uHa[mif; raumif;rI uHopfwrvnf; uRwvwMf uav\/ aemifty,f Ykd S f G oHo&m jzpfvwUH aomtyg,fcEm? tyg,fb0teEwrvnf; tw'|d Ykd S d uRwfvGwfonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf t<uif;tusefr&Sd uRwfvGwfMuav\/ xdorsm;\ cEmtpOfrm tyg,fbkH tyg,fb0? atmufbkH atmufb0 k l S odkY avQmusNrJ "rwmvrf;BuD;onfvnf; aysmufuG,fav\/ rdrdtvdk&Sd &m ok*wdbb0 jrihonfxufjrih&m b0tqufqufoYkd ]qefwufjcif; kH f f [laom "rwmvrf;opfBuD;wpfckonfom wnf&Sdav\/ vlYbHk vlb0wGifvnf; oDvodum tvdrm,kwfnHhaom vlYb0? pnf;pdrfcsrf;om udk,ft*Fg,kwfnHhaom vlYb0wdkYrSvnf; uRwf vGw&av\/ oDvodum tvdrmBu;D jrwfaom vlb0 pnf;pdrcsr;f om f Y f udk,ft*Fgjrihfjrwfaom vlYb0om jzpf&av\/ ewfbHk ewfb0wdkY
Freedom from these two dangers itself should be termed as the First Great Nibba na, the attainment of the unconditioned . state(asankhata) or Nibbana with vestiges of defiling passions and the aggregates of existence still remaining (saupadisesa). -na is for the streamwinner (sotapanna This First Great Nibba puggala), the saintly, purified person who has reached the first stage and the once returner (sakadagami puggala), the saintly, purified person on the second stage on the way to nibbana. The person who has realized the concept that there is no such thing as a soul in one's body (anatta ~ana) and has n- . totally eliminated the delusion of self(attadit.t hi) is freed from the . dangers of committing immoralities. That person is also is freed from the results of immoralities committed in the past as well as those committed in the present that consign one to life in the netherworlds. From the moment that the delusion of self has been eliminated, the liability to be reborn in the cycles of suffering in the never- ceasing vortex of lives in the netherwolds in the guise of a denizen of these parts is dispensed with. For these persons, the usual descent to the lower realms and a lowly life, or in other words, to the netherworlds or as a being in these netherworlds are eliminated. The new road for them is to rise from one of the higher realms to the next higher ones. Even in the world of human beings they are freed from a life in the human world, they are relieved from a life of low moral practice and intellect, lack of prosperity and happiness or physically disabled existence. They enjoy a human existence charac-

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

22
vnf; xdkYtwlyifwnf;/

"r0D&onf oEdokcodkY a&S;Ionf/

terized by high moral practice, a life of wealth, prosperity, happiness and the enjoyment of amenities and an impeccable physique. This is the same for those born in the celestial realms. The person who has established oneself in the First Nibbana is freed from the life of a worlding (puthujhana) and assumes the life of a purified person (ariya). This person is freed from existence as as worldling to become an inhabitant of the supramundane. This person becomes an inhabitant of the First Nibbana. Though that person may be reborn many times either in the world of human beings, the world of celestial gods (deva) or the realms of the brahma supreme beings, he or she does not become one that is sucked into the vortex of the cycle of rebirths or bron away hither and thither along the raging torrent. The progress of a person burdened with the delusion of self on this maelstrom of rebirths (samsara) is like a dried-out log cast on a river, now going under the swirling waters and then being hurled along by the current. Those that have eliminated the delusion of self, however, travel serenely on this river, neither plunging into its depths nor being swept away every whichway. They are like ships that travel the riverine route putting into ports that they desire, ports that are good destinations (sugati), realms of existence where they enjoy both worldly and supramundane delights. When born as a human being, one enjoys the delights of being a human as well as that of nibbana. What is meant by the term delights of being a human need not be elaborated on, but how does one enjoy the delights of nibbana in this context? Enjoying the Delights of Nibbana When one sees those that are committing immoralities, one realizes that these persons are destined for lives in the netherworlds in the furture and one is comforted with the realization that one is spared from such a fate in all future lives. When one comes across denizens of the netherworlds such as a dog, pig, fowl or bird, one senses what great suffering these cratures are in, the realizing that one no longer will have to undergo this kind of suffering in the netherworlds, one is suffused with joy at this prospect. This is how the delights of nibbana are enjoyed. As the enjoyment of worldly goods and sevices are palpable and easily evident, these can be said to be greatly enjoyable. The enjoyment of nibbana, on the other hand, is not easily evident as it consists of an exemption from turmoil. Actually, it is of far greater and grander proprotions than the enjoyment of worldly wealth and prosperity. For instance, eternal freedom from the sufferings of hell is millions and billions of times far greater than enjoying the amenities of universal monarch. In the same way it is millions and billions of times far greater than enjoying the worldly a menities of either a celestial god, Sakka the king of gods or even a king of the Brahma supreme deities. The desire to be teachings of the Lord Buddha is not because one wants to sample the mundane delights, it is only for a chance to attain the exemptions from turmoil that nibbana brings. This is how an inhabitant of the First Nibbana enjoys

xdyxredAmef wnfaomolonf ykxZOftjzpfrS uRwvw k k f G f t&d , mtjzpf wnf a v\/ avmuD b H k o m;tjzpf r S uRwf v G w f avmukw&mbHkom;jzpf wnfav\/ yxredAmef wnfav\/ xdoonf vlb?kH ewfb?kH jA[mbw b0rsm;pGm urmrsm;pGm oHo&m k l Y h kH Ykd usif v nf & jim;aomf v nf ; oH o &mtvsOf jrKyf a omoG m ;jcif ; ? arsmaomoGm;jcif;[l r&SdavNyD/ tw'd|d &SdaeMuaomolwdkY\ oHo&m usifvnfjcif;onf jrpfa&tvsOf usa&mufajcmufaoGUaom opfwHk;uJhodkY jrKyfaomusif vnfjcif; arsmaomusifvnfjcif;jzpf\/ tw'd|d t<uif;tusefr&Sd? uRwvwMf uukeaomolw\ usivnfjcif;rSmrlum; jrKyaomusivnf f G f Ykd f f f jcif; arsmaomusifvnfjcif;vnf;r[kwf/ jrpfdk;jrpfpOfwpfavQmuf oabFmBuD;i,fwdkYonf tvdk&Sd&mjrpfpOfwpfavQmuf oGm;vm aebd ouJoYkd rdrwtvd&&m ol*wdbb0wpfavQmufoYkd oGm;vmom aeMu h d Ykd k dS kH ukef\/ jzpfav&mbHkb0vnf; avmuDcsrf;om avmukw&mcsrf;om ESpfyg;udk tpkHcHpm;&av\/ vljzpfaomb0 vlcsrf;om edAmefcsrf;om [k qdktyfaom csrf;omESpfyg;udk pG,fpHkcHpm;&av\/ xdkwGif vlYcsrf;om udk cHpm;rIum; xif&m;odomNy/ edAmefcsr;f omudk tb,focpm;oenf; S D Ykd H [lrlum;ed A m ef c srf ; omcH p m;yH k 'kpdkufrIudk jyKusihfaeaomolrsm;udk jrif&Mum;&onf &Sdaomf olrsm;onf 'kpdkuftrIudk jyKMuay\/ tyg,fodkY us&SmMu& vdrfhrnf/ ighrSm uJhodkYaom 'kpdkufrS b0tqufquf vGwfNidrf;ayNyD [k 0rf;ajrmufjcif;BuD;pGm jzpf&av\/ acG; 0uf Muuf iSuf tp&Sdaom tyg,fbom; ow0grsm;udk awGUjrif&m ow0grsm;onf qif;&Jwi;f kH G BuD; eufeJavpG? ighrSm uJhodkYaom tyg,fqif;&J'kurS vGwfNidrf;ayNyD [k 0rf;ajrmufjcif;BuD;pGm jzpf&av\/ / um; edAmefcsrf;omudk cHpm;&yHkwnf;/ avmuDcsrf;omrSm rsufjrif'd|jzpfMu tvGefBuD;us,f aumif;jrwfonf[k xifMuwwf\/ edAmefcsrf;omrSm vGwfNidrf;rIjzpf txnf0wKudk rjrif&aomaMumifh BuD;jrwfonf[k rxifwwfMu/ xdkodkY um;r[kw?f avmuDcsr;f omwdxuf vGwNf ir;f rI[aom edAmefcsr;f omonf Yk d l BuD;us,fjrihfjrwf\/ av;uRef;vHk;udk tpdk;&aom pMumrEmwfrif;wdkY\ pnf;pdrfcsrf;omxuf i&Jb0rS tpOfxm0&vGwfNidrf;rIonf tq odef;oef;uka# ra&wGufEdkifatmif BuD;jrwf\/ xdkYtwl ewfrif;BuD; odMum;rif;BuD; jA[mrif;BuD;wdkY\ avmuDpnf;pdrfcsrf;omxuf tq odef;oef;uka# ra&wGufEdkifatmif BuD;jrwf\/ jrwfpGmbk&m; omoem awmfBuD;udk awGUBuHKvdkonf[k vGefrif;pGm awmifhwMu&m avmuD csrf;omtwGufESihf awmihfwMu&onfr[kwf/ vGwfNidrf;rI[laom

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA

"r0D&onf Ak'\ax&0g' "rw&m;tppfxGef;um;&ef jzpfonf/ edAmefcsrf;omtwGufESihfom awmihfwMu&ukef\/ um; yxredAmef csrf;omudk cHpm;&yHkwnf;/ yxrr[med A m ef NyD ; \/

23

'k w d , r[med A m ef
tMuiftcg 'd|dESifhr,SOfaom umrwPSmudk t<uif;rJh y,fowftyf\/ xdktcg umrok*wdbHkwdkY topfjzpfay:vwHUaom b0wdkYudk y,fowfjcif;udp NyD;pD;avawmh\/ umrwPSm[lorQwdkYudk vnf; y,fowfjcif;udpNyD;pD;avawmh\/ xdkyk*dKvfonf aemiftem*wf tcg umr*kPfESihfpyfaom udavom vdIif;wHydk;wdkYjzihf NydK;>yrf;aom 'kpduf 'k&mZD0ab; tyg,fav;yg;ab; umrok*wdb0wdrS uRwvwf k Yk f G av\/ uRwfvGwfrIBuD;udk Ak'omoemawmf oOyg'daoo 'kwd, edAmefBuD;[l ac:qdktyfonf/ (wwd, t&d,m tem*grfyk*dKvfwdkY cHpm;tyfaom edAmefBuD;aywnf;/) umrwPSmBuD;udk y,fjzwfjcif;iSm vlYcEm ewfcEmwdkY\ 'ku tcsuwukd xifvif;pGmMunh&m tem*grdr*fukd &ojzihf xdumrwPSm f Ykd f I k Bu;D onf t<uif;tuser&Sd csKyNf ir;f av\/ umrwPSmBu;D csKyNf ir;f onf f d d ESihf wpfNydKifeuf vlYtjzpf ewftjzpfudk ay;Edkifaom ukodkvfurb0wdkY onfvnf;aumif;? vlYcEm ewfcEm tqufqufwdkYonfvnf;aumif; t<uif;tusefr&Sd csKyfNidrf;Muavukef\/ vlYcEm ewfcEmwdkY\ 'ku tcsufudk jrif&m Oyrmum;rpif a ow m Oyrm rpifbifykwf aowmBuD;wpfckonf &Sdav&m\/ xdkaowm\ jyify teD t0gpaom aq;trsKd ;rsKd ;? yd;k zJ uwyg tp&Saom txnf D d trsdK;rsdK; jc,fvS,fvsuf&Sd\/ twGif;rlum; rpifbifykyfawG tjynfh&Sd \/ bD;vl;Bu;D o&JBu;D obufBu;D oH;k aumifvnf;&S\/ tqdyxefaom d f a>rqdk; uif;qdk; trsdK;rsdK;vnf; &Sdav\/ rpifbifykyfudk pm;aomuf aeaom ydk;avmufawGvnf; tjynfh&Sdav&m\/ Oyrm- umrbkom;wd\cEmonf rpifbifyywjYkd zifh jynhf H Yk k f aom aowmBuD;i,fESifhwl\/ wPSm rme 'd|d oHk;yg;onf aowm twGif;&Sdaom bDvl;BuD; o&JBuD; obufBuD; oHk;aumifESihfwl\/ usef&Sdaom udavomtrsm;onf xdkaowmwGif;&Sdaom tqdyfxef aom a>rqd;k uif;qd;k trsKd ;rsKd ;ESiw\/ Zmwd Z&mP aomu y&da'0 fh l paom 'kutcsursm;onf xdaowmwGi;f rpifbifyywukd pm;aeMu f k k f Ykd aom ydk;avmuftrsm;ESihfwl\/ um; vl Y c E m ? ewf c E m wd k Y 'k u x if j rif y H k w nf ; / 'k w d , r[med A m ef N yD ; \/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / )

the delights of nibbana. The Second Great Nibbana At that particular moment total annihilation of sensual desires that do not accompany delusive concepts occurs. This is the moment when rejection and extermination of forthcoming rebirths in the pleasurable worlds of sensual desires occur. This also accomphlishes the rejection and extermination of all sensual desire. That person is then exempted from the roiling seas churned by the stormy waves of immoral conduct, pursuit of wrongful livelihood and the looming prospect of life in the netherworlds. This great exemption constitutes attainment of the second great nibbana with the vestiges of passions and aggregates of existence still remaining (saupadisesa) in the sphere where the Lord Buddha's teachings are still extant. (This is the great nibbana -gami, 'non-returner', the saintly, purified perenjoyed by an ana son on the third stage of attaining the ultimate delights of nibba na) Vividly discerning the sufferings extant in the corpus of aggregates of existence in human beings and celestial gods, in order to reject and eliminate the sensual desires, one attains the path of the anagami or 'non-returner', at which point all sensual desires are totally quelled. As soon as these sensual desires are quelled, all existence- generating moral actions leading to life of a human being or that of a celestial god as well as the whole series of forthcoming life forms as a human being or that of celestial god are utterly destroyed. The metaphor of beholding the sufferings in the life forms of a human being or that of a celestial god is butThe metaphor of a trunkful of faeces Imagine a trunk filled with faeces but decorated with various hues, carmine red,chrome yellow etc. on its exterior, and draped with all kinds of rich fabrics- silks, satin and velvet. Inside this trunk howeverm, it is filled to the brim with faecos, Three horrid creatures an ogre, a ghost and a misshapen demon.,...also live in this despicable mess. Poisonous snakes, scorpions and centipedes also infest it while it is also swarming with worms and maggots. In this metaphorical account, the bodies of the inhabitants of the sensual realms are like this trunk. Craving (tanha), . pride (mana) and delusion (dit t hi) are like the trio made up of an .. ogre, a ghost and a demon. The rest of defiling passions are like the snakes, scorpions and centipedes infesting the trunk. The processes of birth (jara), ageing (jara), death (mran a), grief (soka) . and lamentation (parideva) are like the worms and maggots swarming in that trunk. This word picture depicts the sufferings borne by human beings and celestial gods. This concludes the exposition on the Second Great Nibbana. (To Be Continue)(To B

DHAMMANUPASSANA

24

"r0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/ od&w,f? 'Dvdk tm,we(2)ck pka0;awGUvdkufygvm;vdkY ododay;rS (t0dZm)u vGwfw,f (0dZmO'yg'd)jzpfw,f/ (rSefygY)/ 'Dvdk(tm,we)2ckyJvdkY Iaeawmh ae&mwumygae wJh (ynwf)od(t0dZm)odawG aysmufawmhwmaygY? (rSeygY)? ig? ol? a,musm;? f f rdef;rtjrifpGJawG aysmufawmhwmyJ? (rSefygY) 'Dvdk cEm (tm,we)awGrS rod&if (ynwf)odeJYyJodawmh (t0dZm) jzpfaeawmh ]]"rpuKHO'yg'd}} rjzpfawmhbl;? ig? ol? a,musfm;? rdef;r? yk*dKvf? ow0gtjrif(t0dZm)eJY jrifawmhwmaygY? 'Dvdkjrif awmh cspfr,f? cifr,f? a'gojzpfr,f (&m*? a'go? arm[) awG jzpfNyDaygY? (Oyg'geuEm 'ku)jzpfNyDaygY? 'gaMumihf 'Dvdk (tm,we)tjrif&rS ("rpuKHO'yg'd)jzpfwmyJ...(rSefygY)/ (ynwf)odu olYudkjrifw,f? igvdkufr,f? rdef;rudk jrif w,f? a,musf m ;ud k j rif w ,f u tp ig? ol ? a,musf m ;? rd e f ; r? yk * d K vf ? ow0g&,fvdkY odw,f? 'Dvdkjrifw,f? 'Dvdk(ynwf)tod (ynwf) tjrifyJ&Sdawmh r*fwm;? zdkvfwm;jzpfwJh wm;qD;wJh (ed0&P) awG jzpfawmhwmaygY/ umrqEed0&P? Asmyg'ed0&PawGu ay:vm NyD (edAmef)ra&mufatmif wm;awmhwmaygY? (y#dporkyg 'f)quf awmhwmaygY? (ynwf) udkcGmNyD; "roabmav;awGIrS ]]"rmEk tEk"rpm&D}} qdkwJh w&m;tm;avsmfpGm usihfwmjzpfvdkY (edAmef) a&mufwmaygY (rSefygY)/ 'Dvdk (ynwf)awG r0ifEkdifwJh (tm,we)2ckwdkY\ pka0; &moabmud k yd k i f ; jcm;NyD ; jrif j rif o G m ;&if (&m*? a'go? arm[) awG r jzpf a wmh b J (ocF g &)ed r d w f u vG w f N yD ; (y0wd e d r d w f ) tjrif r S m tmumoaumif;uifBu;D udyJ [mvm[if;vif;Bu;D jzpfNy;D ae&wJh oabm? k &ifxJrSm at;csrf;NyD;ae&wJhoabmawGjzpfvmw,f/ pifppfawmh (eda&m"opmyJ)(rSefygY)/ twG i f ; tm,we(6)yg;eJ Y tjyif t m,we(6)yg;wd k Y awGUwdkufpka0;wJhtcgrS oHa,mZOf (10)yg;jzpfw,f (rSefygY)/ EGm;jzLeJY EGm;eufwGJxm;w,fqdkygpdkY? EGm;jzLu oHa,mZOf vm;? EG m ;euf u oH a ,mZOf v m; b,f [ m oH a ,mZOf v J v d k Y ar;&if b,f v d k a jzrvJ ? EG m ;jzLvnf ; r[k w f b l ; ? EG m ;euf v nf ; r[k w f b l ; ? EGm;ESpfaumifvHk;vnf;r[kwfbl;? EGm;ESpfaumifudk csDxm;wJh BudK;urS oHa,mZOfaygY(Oyrm) lygHk(kyf)tqif;u =EGm;jzL rsufpdkyfu =EGm;euf qdkygpdkY (l y gH k ) eJ Y (rsuf p d ) ud k owf o wf p D r xm;bJ rsuf p d u d k (igY)rsufpdvdkY igjrifw,fvdkY oabmxm;&if BudK;csDwJh (oHa,mZOf) BuKd ;jzpfom;w,f? em;eJtoHrmvnf; igMum;w,f? ESmacgif;eJY teHrmvnf; G Y S Y S igeHw,fvdkY oHa,mZOfBudK;csnfxm;wwfMuw,f/ vQmeJY t&om? udk,feJYtawGUtxd? pdwfeJY BuHawG;p&mawGrSmvnf; xdkYtwlyJ (ig)yg&if (ig) 'd|d0ifvm&if (avmb? a'go)vnf;jzpf w,f? (wPSm? rme? 'd|d)vnf;jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumihf (t,we)2 ckwdkY&JU pka0;&mvdkY (Pf)eJY od&if? ig? ol? a,musfm;? rdef;r? yk*dKvf(ow0g)(ynwf)tjrifr&Sdawmh (edAmef)a&mufwmyJ (rSefygY)/ (oHa,mZOf)jzpf&if jzpfw,fvdkY od&if (owdy|mef)aygY? (ynwf)rygatmif tm,we 2 ckwdkY&JU pka0;&mtjrifyJvdkY (Pf) eJYjrif&if od&if (0dyem)jzpfw,f? (ynwf)uGmNyD; (&m*? a'go? arm[)wdkYu vGwf&if (edAmef)a&mufwmaygY (rSefygY)/ (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / ) Nidrf;csrf;OD;\ jzwfoef;csdefed'gef;ESifh yxrykdif; 'k w d , tBud r f xG u f N yD

(pmrsuf E S m 17 rS ) r[kwf bl;qkdwJh tjrifeJYodaewJh tda`E[m tvGefaumif;aygY (rSefygY)/ jrwf p G m bk & m;&J U ("r p Mum)rS m vnf ; (ow 0 g) r[k w f bl;qdwtjrif&&rSmygw,f/ ("rpuKH O'yg'd)eJY (ow0g)r[kwb;l qdwm k hJ dS f k od&w,f? (rSefygY)/ 0dZmO'yg'd= u(t0dZm)r&Sdawmhbl; nmPHO'yg'd= u (Pf)eJYodwm? (Pf)u b,fvdk odovJqdkawmh (t0dZm)qdkwm tod trS m ;tjrif r S m ;wJ h ( ow 0 g)tod u vmwmud k ; ? (ow 0 g)qd k w m jrwfpGmbk&m;u umr(11)bHkom;rsm; jzpfMuwJhewfjynf(6)xyfu ewf a wG ? vl Y b H k ( 1)bH k u vl a wG ? wd & p m ef a wG ? tyg,f ( 4)bH k u tyg,fbHkom;awGudk vlyJ? ewfyJ? wd&pmefyJ? NydwmyJ? i&Jom;yJ vdkY 'Dvdk (ynwf ) awG e J Y t&S n f B uD ; rac:bl ; ? 'D ( umr&m*)&S d w J h umr(11)bHom;awGukd ac:a0:ajymqdv&atmif olwtm;vH;k udk NcKH Ny;D k k Ykd Ykd jrwf p G m bk & m;u eH r nf a y;xm;wJ h emrnf u (ow 0 g) vd k Y ac:qdkxm;w,f(rSefygY)? orkwfxm;wJh tac:u (ow0g) 'gayr,fh wu,fr&Sdbl;...(rSefygY)/ vl? ewf? jA[m? ig? ol? a,musfm;? rdef;r? yk*dKvftac: ta0:awGudk (ow0g)vdkY ac:w,f? (ow0g)u r[kwf&Sd? wu,f &Swmr[kwb;l ? tac:ta0:yJ&wm? 'gaMumihf ]](ow0g) r[kwf bl;qdwhJ d f dS k tod[m ta&;tBuD;qHk;yJ}} (rSefygY)(t0dZm)u b,fu vmovJqdk&if ig? ol? a,musfm;? rdef;r? yk*dKvf? (ow0g)vdkY odwJh toduvmwm? (ow0g)todjzpfawmh (&m*? a'go? arm[) awGujzpf&wm? 'gaMumihf jrwfpmbk&m;u (ow0g)vdYk ,lwhJ (onm)udk y,fNy;D (tm,we)(jzpf&m? G tpkta0;)vdYk 'DvoygwJ?h 'DvorS (&m*? a'go? arm[)awGueygw,fvYkd kd d kd d k f a[mygw,f/ (rSefygY)/ (tm,we)ud k j rif w J h tjrif u (jzpf & m? tpk t a0;)vk d Y jrifwJhtjrifusrS ("r)awGujzpfvmwJh oabmw&m;tjrifjzpfvdkY ("rmEkyem)jzpfw,f? (0dnmPf)odrIqdkwm e*dku&Sdwm r[kwf bl;? 'D t m,we(2)ck p k a 0;rS ? awG U wd k u f r S (0d n mPf ) qd k w m jzpf & wmudkodxm;&r,f? 'D(2)ck yl;rS awGUwdkufrS 0dnmPf (od)rIqdkwm jzpf & wm e*d k u &S d w mr[k w f b l ; ? 'D v d k ( jzpf ) NyD ; awmh v nf ; (ysuf ) oGm;MuwmygyJ(rSefygY)/ 'D v d k j zpf w mu od r f a rG U vd k Y k w f w &wf r jrif E k d i f b l ; pdwrpifMu,f&ifvnf;rjrifb;l (owd)ryg(Pf)ryg&ifvnf; rodEib;l ? f dk f jzpfwm? ysufwmudk 0d&d,? owdeJY ynmqdkwJh (Pf) uav;eJY tomuav;MunhfNyD; odatmif avhusihf,lr,fqdk&if (jzpfysuf)udk odwmygyJ? 'Dvdk("r)obm0("r)oabmw&m;av; awG&JU (jzpfrI? ysufrI)udk jrifae&if oum,'d|dwdkY? ow'd|d? Oap''d|dawGuae vGww,f(rSeygY)/ f f (tm,we)av;awG jzpfyHkudkjy&if (Oyrm)qGrf;cH oGm;& tH;k r,fvYkd od&if odwmu (raempdw)u odvYkd (rem,we) vdYk ac:w,f? f qGrf;cHzdkY (tmHk)u ("rm,we)jzpfw,f? pdwfxJu jzpfwJh (raem)eJY ("r)wdkY 2 ckawGUwkdufvdkY qGrf;cH&OD;r,fvdkY od&wm? qGrf;u (ynwf) qG r f ; cH & OD ; r,f q d k w m (ynwf t mH k ) ("r m H k ) aygY ? ("r m ,we)eJ Y (re,we)qdkwJh (tm,we 2) ck udk cGJjcm;od&r,f/ 'Dreuf qGrf;csufzdkY aps;oGm;&tHk;r,fqdkwm uvnf; ynwftmHk("rm,we)eJY pdwfjzpfwJh (rm,we) 2 ck pka0;wmyJ? aq;vdyfaomufcsifwmuvnf; aq;vdyf (ynwf) tmH("rmH)eJY pdwxujzpfwhJ raempdw(rem,we)(wdjYk zpfwhJ k k f J f (tm,we)2ckyJ? jrifw,f? Mum;w,f? eHw,f? pm;w,f? xdawGU w,fqkdwmvnf; twGif;tjyif tm,we (2)ck pka0;aygif;pkrdrS

DHAMMA TALKS
"r0D&onf "ropmudk Tefjyonf/

25

o&P*HkwnfNyD;aom aomwmyefjzpfygvsuf o&P*Hkwnfaqmufaom jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ orm;awmfBuD;ZD0u

armif x d e f 0 if ; (opf a wm) wpf&cgaomf jrwfpmbk&m;&Sionf pjrif;(pm;jrif;) a'govGef H G f uJaom udk,fawmf&Sdawmfrlav\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; teD;uyfcpm;jyKpk aeaom orm;awmfBuD; ZD0uonf xdkpm;jrif;udk avsmusapaom 0rf;avsmaq;udk jrwfpmbk&m;tm; qufuyf xda&m*gudk aysmufapNy;D G k vQif od0dwkdif;jzpft0wf(ouFef;vsmykqdk;) udk qufuyfvSL'gef;av\/ tvG e f x l ; jrwf a om t0wf t pH k jrwfpmbk&m;onf t0wfvLS 'gef;jcif;ukov\tusKd ;udk a[m G kd f Mum;awmfr\/ if;0wK'ge tEkarm'emw&m;awmf\tqH;k orm;awmf l BuD; ZD0uonf aomwmywdzdkvf wnfav\/ xdkorm;awmfBuD; ZD0u vSL'gef;qufuyfaom od0dwdkif;jzpf t0wftpHkonfum; p@yaZmwrif;u q&mZD0utxH a&m*gukpm;c tjzpf ydtyfaom tvGex;l jrwfaomt0wftpHjk zpfonf[k qdavonf/ Yk f k orm;awmf Z D 0 uausmif ; aqmuf v S L 'gef ; jcif ; orm;awmfBu;D ZD0uonf aomwmyefjzpfNy;D onhaemuf odYk f Bupnfav\/ ]]igonf wpfaeYvQif ESpBf uro;kH BurrQ jrwfpmbk&m;xHoYkd H d f d f G qnf;uyf&efom;oih\/ jrwfpmbk&m;oDwif;oH;k awmfr&m a0VK0efausmif; G f G l awmfonfum; &mZN*dK[fNrdKUawmftjyifzuf tvGefyifa0;vHpGmwnf&Sd \/ ig\o&ufO,smOfonfum; tvGefeD;ay\/ xdko&ufO,smOf Ak' \ ausmif;awmfudk aqmufvkyf&aomf aumif;avpG}} [k BuHpnfav\/ orm;awmfZD0uonf xdko&ufO,smOf ausmif;BuD;ausmif; i,f toG,foG,fESifhwuG 18 awmif tjrihf&Sdaom aMu;eDa&miftqif; &Sd wHwkdif;BuD;udkcwf Ak'yrkc oHCdutjzpf a&pufcsum vSL'gef;av onf/ ZD0u o&ufO,smOfausmif;awmf[k xif&Sm;\/ ZD 0 uok w f t usOf ; csKyf orm;awmfBuD;ZD0uonf rdrdaqmufvkyfvSL'gef;xm;aom ausmif;awmfBuD; oDwif;oHk;awmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;txHawmfodkY tcseEitrQ qnf;uyfaomf wpfcseaomumvwGif ZD0uokwawmfukd d f S hf d f f jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlav\/ orm;awmfZD0utm; t"du OD;wnfum a[mMum;awmfrltyfaomokwfawmfjzpfaomaMumihf ZD0u okwf[k wGifav\/ xdZ0uokwea'oemawmf jrwfpmbk&m;ESiwuG &[ef;rsm; k D f G hf rbkO;f ay; (rpm;) aumif;aom om;ig;rsm;ESifh pyfvsO;f azmfjya[mMum; awmfrlonf/ jrwf p G m bk & m;ES i f h w uG & [ef ; awmf r sm; rbk O f ; ay;aumif ; aom om;ig;rsm; 1/ 'd|d-&[ef;wdkYtusdK;iSm om;ig;wdkYudkowf ,lvmonfudk jriftyfaom tom;ig;/ 2/ okw- &[ef;wdtusKd ;iSm om;ig;wduowf ,lvmtyfonf Yk Yk kd [k Mum;tyfaom tom;ig;/ 3/ y&douw- ,HkrSm;tyfaomom;ig;/ y&d o u w ,H k r S m ;tyf a om om;ig; (3)rsd K ; (u) &[ef;wdkYonf ydkufuGefaxmifacsmufponfwdkYudk qGJudkif ukefvsuf &GmrSxGufvmMuukefaom awmvSnhfvnfaeMuukefaom vlwukd jrifue\/ aemufwpfaeY xd&modqr;f cH0ifueaom &[ef;wdYk Ykd k f k G Yk G k f tm; om;ig;[if;wdkYudk avmif;vSLMuukef\/ xdktcg&[ef;wdkYonf xdom;ig;[if;udk oHo,jzpfMuuke\/ vlwonf raeYuigwdtwGuf k f Ykd Yk om;ig;udk owfMuavukefoavm/ um;jrifjcif;udk t&if;cH ,HkrSm; oHo,jzpfjcif;wnf;/ xdom;ig;onf jrifjcif;udk t&if;cH,rm;tyfaom k kH S aMumihf 'd|dy&douw (om;ig;) rnf\/ (c) &[ef;wdkYonf ydkufuGefaxmifacsmufwdkYudk udkifaqmif &GmrSxuvmaom? awmvSnvnfaomvlwukd ud,wium; rjrif&/ G f fh Ykd k f dk f xdtaMumif;udk wqifpum;Mum;&uke\/ aemufwpfaeY xdvwonf k h f k l Ykd xdk&[ef;wdkYtm; om;ig;[if;vsmrsm;jzihf qGrf;[if;avmif;vSLMuukef\/ xdktcg&[ef;wdkYonf Mum;&aompum;udk tajccH vlwdkYonf raeYu igwdtusKd ;iSm om;ig;wdukd owfMuavoavm[k oHo,jzpfuef Yk Yk k \/ um; Mum;jcif;udkt&if;cH ,HkrSm;oHo,jzpfjcif;wnf;/ xdkom; ig;onf Mum;jcif;udkt&if;cH ,HkrSm;tyfaomaMumihf okwy&douw (om;ig;) rnf\/ (*) xdkjrifjcif;Mum;jcif; t&if;rcHyJ? oufoufigwdkYtwGuf owfxm;wJh tom;ig;awGrsm;jzpfaervm;[k ,HkrSm;jcif;jzpfygrl xdkom; ig;onf jrifjcif;Mum;jcif;rSvGwfaom oufouf,HkrSm;tyfaomaMumifh w'kb, 0drkw y&douw (om;ig;) rnf\/ 'd | ok w y&d o u w tpG e f ; (3)yg;Nid a om om;ig; xd k ' d | ok w y&d o u w tpG e f ; oH k ; yg;Nid a om om;ig;wd k Y u d k bk&m;&SifESihfwuG &[ef;rsm; rbkOf;ay;roHk;aqmiftyfay/ if;'d|okw y&douwtpGe;f oH;k yg;wdrvwaom om;ig;wduom bkO;f ay;oH;k aqmif Yk S G f Yk kd aumif;ayonf/ onfum; ZD0uokwftusOf;csKyfjzpfavonf/ o&P*H k w nf N yD ; aom aomwmyef Z D 0 u o&P*H k y gVd & G w f q d k & m rS w f o m;zG , f orm;awmfBuD;ZD0uonf jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlaom xdk ZD0uokwea'oemawmfukd em,l&aomtcg0,f w&m;a'oemawmf f twGif;odkY pdwfepfjrKyfouf0ifoGm;NyD; tvGefMunfndKjcif;t"d*ro'g jzpfav\/ xdkodkYjzpf&mrS jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\w&m;awmfudk csD;rGrf;tHhMo axmremjcif;jyKvdkonfhpdwfrsm; wzGm;zGm;jzpfay:vm&mrS atmufyg twdkif; o&P*HkygVdawmfudk &Gwfqdkvdkufav\/ ]]aom [HbaE b*0EH o&PH *pmrd/ "r bduKoHCjrwfpmbk&m;xktuREyonf bke;f awmfBu;D awmfraom jrwfpmbk&m;udk G d kf f l G udk;uG,fqnf;uyfyg\/ w&m;awmfudkvnf;aumif;? &[ef;oHCmawmf wdkYudkvnf;aumif; udk;uG,fqnf;uyfyg\bk&m;...}}[k o&P*Hkpum; jzihf csD;usL;avQmufxm;avownf;/ ]]aom[H ]]aom[H baE b*0EH o&PH *pmrd/ "r bduK oCm H wd ? t,H tm*wzavm 0d n mwomoaem? 'd | oap m t&d , om0aum? rHye "ra'oeH Mo*ga[aEm? yom'H Oyga'wGm "r u xm,? xk w d H ua&maE m {0rm[..}} (yH - 2? |-36) armif x d e f 0 if ; (opf a wm)

THE RENAISSANCE

26
(pmrsuf E S m 19 rS )

"r0D&onf t"rw&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

The First Myanmar Buddhist monastery Opens in Finland.

ylaZmf&ef 4 *gxmygXfed, a&;om;pD&ifawmfrl ylaZmfawmfrl cJhavonf/ r[mrk e d b k & m;BuD ; yl a Zmf & ef 4 *gxm 1/ ae0g,H b&*Hk rk[Hk? yZKaE arC0dZK0/ pEmyd ol&da,m ,mbm? orEmp'dom tCm/ 2/ blumoH [lbmoH0? tm'dAwd ykeyKeH/ tapweH p apweH? 0okE&H0 uk&H/ 3/ edpvH pmvm blZwd? rdawa,m pe aemumom? usEm eEm Ak'*kPm? t[p&m r[mrked? tpdED,m awAsmyg'd? 0Em*s[H Oyg*rd/ 4/ ruk#mwkvorK'H? ruk#H &wepdwH/ ruka#m ok&mZm t'g? ruk#H "rpm&'g/ 1/ t,Htmbm? ta&mifwdkYonf? yZKaE? ypKefumv ? arC0d Z K 0? rd k ; wd r f r S y suf a om vQyf p pf a &mif u J h o d k Y / orE m ? xuf0ef;usifjzpfaom? 'domp- t&yfrsufESmrSvnf;aumif;? tCmp? aumif;uifrSvnf;aumi;f? rk[Hk? tzefwvJvJ? tmbm-tmbmwd? vG e f p G m awmuf y \/ b&*H k ? aomuf S L ;Mu,f u J h o k d Y vnf ; aumif ; ? pE m yd o l & d a ,m,mom? aea&mif v a&mif u J h o d k Y vnf ; aumif ; ? ae0a[mwd? r[kwf/ 2/ blumoH? ajrawmifaumif;uiftvH;k onf/ [lwm oH0? ylaZmftyfaom a&TrD;yef;uJhodkY? ykeyKeH? tzefwvJvJ/ tm'dAwd? vGefpGmawmufy\/ (a&mifjcnfawmftzGJU) tapweH? pdwfapwem r&Sdaom/ 0okE&H? ajrtjyifudk? apweH? pdwfapwem &Sdaom uk&Huk&H0? ajrjyif&efatmif qEefajymifuJhodkY? e'g aywd? Munf[nf; ap\/ (awmfvJoHtzGJU)/ 3/ edpvH? tNrJwnfaomajrBuD; jrif;rdk&f,k*EdK&fponf udk pmvH - pmvaE m ? wk e f v I y f a pvsuf ? tbl Z wd - tmbl Z maywd ? csmcsmvnfap\/ rdawa,mp? rdwnf;bk&m;ocifonfvnf;? e? zef q if ; awmf r l o nf r [k w f ? taemumom? rd w nf ; rm&f E S d r f y G i f h csd e f r wd k i f a vao;/ (ajrBuD ; wk e f v I y f t zG J U )a[? td k o l a wmf a umif ; taygif;wdkY/ Ak'*kPm? bk&m;aus;Zl;awmfwdkYonf/ usEm-ud HtEm tqH k ; &S d u k e f o avm? teE m ? tqH k ; r&S d u k e f ? r[mrk e d jrwf a om rkejd zpfawmfraom ky&iawmfb&m;? awysmbm'd-awydtmbm 'a,m? l f S f k xd k a &mif j cnf a wmuf y jcif ; ajrBuD ; Munf ; wnf ; awmf v nf ; jcif ; ? ajrwkefvIyfjcif;tp&SdonfwdkYonfvnf; t[p&m ta[mtp&m aMomf tHhzG,f&SdaypG/ tpdEd,m? rBuHEkdifukefygbk&m;/ t[H? tuREfkyfonf okcwm,? csrf;omoHk;jzm&ygapjcif; tusKd;iSm? 0Emrd? dkaojrwfEdk; &Sdcdk;yg\/ Oyg*rd? aeYnOfhrjywf qnf;uyfyg \/ 4/ ruk # H - ruk # bl w H ? vl Y o H k ; yg;wd k Y \ rud k # f o &zl jzpfawmfrlaom/ twkvorK'H? twkr&Sdaom jrwfpGmbk&m;udk ruka#m? wdkif;om; jynfolvltaygif;wdkY\ rudk#fTefYppfjzpfawmf rlaom ol&mZm jynf B uD ; ocif t&S i f r if ; aumif ; onf ? &wepd w H ? e0&wf u d k ; jzm &wemwdkYjzihf rGrf;rHjc,fpDtyfaom ruk#H? rudk#f &wemjrwf wefqmudk/ t'g vS L awmf r l a vNyD ? aweyk a ne? xd k a umif ; rI aMumih f / omrd jynfxJocift&Sifrif;jrwfonf? ruk#H -ruk#ocFgwH? w&m;wumwdkY\ txG#f[k qdktyfaom/ "r-"rH t&[wzdkvfw&m;jrwfudk "m&'g? aqmifpGrf;Ekdifonf? a[mwk- jzpfygapownf; pd & H w d | wk o' a r m jrwf a 0(a&T j ynf o m)

zif v ef E d k i f i H w G i f yxrqH k ; aom jref r mbk e f ; awmf B uD ; ausmif ; zG i h f v S p f j cif ;

Kuopio, Finland, Mar 5, 2009.

zifvefEdkifiH ulyD,dkNrdKUwGif yxrqHk;aom jrefrm- Ak'bmom omoemjyK bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;udk Zefe0g&Dv 3 &ufaeYu jrefrm bkef;awmfBuD;ig;yg;wdkYjzihf pwifzGihfvSpfvdkufonf[k tifwmeufowif; wpf&yfwGif azmfjyyg&Sdonf/ t*FvefEdkifiH vef'efNrdKU&Sd omoemh &HoD0d[m&ausmif;rS Ak' bmomomoemjyK jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;rsm;u tqdkyg zifvefEdkifiH jrefrmAk'bmom bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif; <ua&mufoDwif;oHk;um omoemjyKawmfrlMurnfqdkonf/ zifvefEdkifiH&Sd Ak'bmom0if jrefrmvlrsdK; 300 ausmf xdkaeYu ausmif;zGifhvSpfyGJodkY wufa&mufMuNyD; oHCmawmfrsm;tm; vdktyfonfh ypnf;av;yg;ESihfwuG 0wKypnf;rsm;udk axmufyHhay;vSLMuonf[k if; Ak'bmom jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif; a*gyutzGJU twGif;a&;rSL; OD;ausmfaX;u ajymonfqdk\/ tqdyg zifvefEiiH jrefrmAk'bmom bke;f awmfBu;D ausmif;udk k dk f tppt&m&mjynhfpHkatmif aemufxyfoHk;ESpfwmrQ zefwD;wnfaqmuf oGm;&ef pDpOfxm;&SdaMumif;jzihfvnf; if;u &Sif;jyonf/ if;jrefrmAk'bmom bke;f awmfBu;D ausmif; wnfaxmif zGivpf fh S Ekia&;twGuf vdtyfaomaiGaMu;rsm;udk zifvefEiia&muf jrefrmrsm;ESifh d f k kd f H Oa&myEdkifiHrsm;rS Ak'bmomjrefrmrsm;u xnhf0ifvSL'gef;Muonf[k tqdkyg tifwmeufowif;wGif azmfjyonf/

ed A m ef a qmf
jrwfpdaE&nfpl;vdkY MunfEl;bG,fh? 'DaMu;pnf aw;oHujrnf qGrf;csufrD &nf&G,fum xygpdk/ arwmawGydkY..../ wdkY&GmrSm 'DtoH Mum;&av[ef wdkYawm[ef rlrysufatmify pOfqufom apmihfumxdef;Muw,f edAmefaqmf nDi,ftaygif;&,fwdkY pkaygif;um nDnmxygpdkY jynfjrefrm at;apaMumif;/ arwma&avmif;... aMomf....cspfygapaMumif;..../

0if ; Ek d i f ( Ad k v f & ef a jy)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf Ak'w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smufonf/ 1315 ck E S p f ? &ef u k e f N rd K U? Ak ' b momuvsmP,k 0 toif ; ( Y.M.B.A)toif ; BuD ; rS BuD ; rS L ;usif ; yaom Ak ' b momoif c ef ; pmzG i f h y J G B uD ; twG u f Nrd K Ur trsKd ; orD ; ausmif ; wG i f

27

q&mawmf ]]t&S i f Z eumbd 0 H o }} a[mMum; qH k ; rMo0g'ay;awmf r l a om w&m;awmf

Ak ' w &m;awmf q d k w m yp K y e f b 0? avmuD b0csrf ; omay;Ed k i f v d k Y v m;/ tck Ak'jrwfpGmuvnf; oHo&mt wGuf oHo&m'kurS vGwatmif r*fzveAmefukd f kd f d rsufarSmufjyK&atmif a[mawmfrlwmudkawmh xm;ygOD;av/ 'Dy&dowfeJY bkef;BuD;wdkY wpfqifh ajym&rSmudk;/ 'DavmuBuD;yGm;a&;udk bk&m;&Sif udk,fawmfjrwfu a[mawmfrlygw,f/ tm;vHk; em;vnfwhJ ]]Am[k o p od y ? 0d e a,mp? ok o d u d a wm? okbmodwmp ,m0gpm? {wHr*Fv rkwrH}} wJh bk&m;ua[mawmfrw,f/ Am[kopl qdkwm tckumv okawoet"dym,frsdK;udkyJ a&mufw,f/ Am[kop-rsm;aomtMum;t jrif tawGUtBuHK&SdwJhol\ jzpfaMumif;jzpf&m rsm;pGm Mum;emrSwom;&jcif;qdwhJ r*Fvmw&m; f k vnf;aumif; qdawmh okawoetrsm;Bu;D vkyf k &w,f/ bkef;BuD;wdkYpmawGUtm;jzihf yx0Dudk rsm;pGm wwf&vdrhfr,f/ qdkygawmh uav;jzpf vQifvnf; uav;tm;avsmfpGm jrefrmEdkifiH&JU yx0D0ifudk uRrf;usif&vdrhfr,f/ pmawGUwif r[kwb;l / avQmufNy;D awmh vSn&ywf&ayvdrfh f fh r,f/ b,f&GmrSm b,fe,frSm b,ft&yfrSm bmypn;f awG&w,fqwmawG od&ayvdrr,f/ dS kd h f awmfawmfav; tqifhwef;jrihfwJholawGu [dk EdiijH cm; 'DEiijH cm;rSm oGm;Ny;D awmh b,fEiirm k f kd f kd f H S bm&Sdw,f/ bm&Sdw,fOpmawGudk avhvm&ay vdrfhr,f/ A[kop qdkwJhw&m;awmfu olY acwfeJYolYtcgeJYavsmfpGm jrefrmEdkifiH[m b,f EdkifiHeJYrS rqufoG,fwJhtcgwkef;uqdk&ifawmh jrefrmEdkifiHywf0ef;usifudk uRrf;usifw,fqdkwJh rSL;BuD;rwfBuD;awGu tkyfcsKyfaeMuwmbJ/ aemufawmh t*Fvyw?Ykd jyifopfweYJ qufo,f d f Ykd G vmwJtcgMuawmh..0efBu;D OD;aumif;wdYk bmwdYk h t*FvefwdkY jyifopfwdkYudkoGm;vdkY okawoevkyf Muw,f r[kwfvm;/ jyefvmawmh [dkrSm pufHk Bu;D awG b,fvjkd zpfaew,f/ b,fvBkd uKd ;pm;ae Muw,fqdkwm rSwfwrf;awG&vdkY rEav;rSm pufHkawGwnfMuNyD r[kwfvm;/ 'Dawmh A[k op qdkwJh jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU w&m;awmf? orm; awmfBuD;&JU pum;awmfudk wpfcsufrS rvdkufem bJeYJ awmolawmifom;awG di;f pdi;f zsi;f taewJh k k Opm[m bke;f Bu;D wdA'j rwfpmaMumihvm;? pum; Yk k G f em;raxmifwwfwJh vlawGaMumifhvm;? tJ'gudk aumufcsufcsMunfhyg/ bk&m;udkawmh bkef;BuD; pdwfxJrSm bmrScRwf,Gif;csuf &SmvdkYr&ygbl;/ Ak'w&m;awmf&JUtqHk;tronf kyfydkif;qdkif &m wd k ; wuf r I u d k tm;ay;&J U vm;/ ody- vufrIynmtwwfudk wwf &jcif;vnf;aumif; qdkawmh[m tjrifu udk,fh ywf0ef;usifu vuform;av;bmav; tJ'g av;avmufyJjrifaeawmh? ody- qdkwJh odyH ynm&JU acwfusawmhhu rsm;rsm;us,f? trsm; BuD;us,foGm;wJh[mawGu ody xJrSm tukef vHk; yg0ifygw,f/ NyD;awmh acwftm;avsmfpGm csJUcsJU? csJUcsJUNyD;awmhh w&m;awmfudk oHk;oyfoGm; &rSmayhg/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&JUpum;udk bkef;BuD;wdkY xdywef;qdwhJ &efuewvu b,favmufvuf f k k f Ykd kd kd EdkifovJ/ A[kop ody qdkwmudkyJ b,f avmuf vdkufEdkifovJ rvdkufEdkifvdkY atmuf wef;uswmu bk&m;&JUtvdkawmf? bk&m;&JU wm0efr[kwygbl;/ vkyyg&JUom;eJY atmufwef; f f usw,fqvQiawmh [kwygw,f? jrwfpmbk&m; kd f f G &JU a[mwJhtaMumif;t&mudku rjynhfpHkvdkY jzpf rSmyg/ tckawmh 'Dvdkr[kwfygbJvm;? jrwfpGm bk&m;u tjynftpHa[mxm;w,f/ 'Dawmhum h k jyefajymygOD;r,f/ usif h o l w k d i f ; rS m csrf ; om& jrwfpGmbk&m;u Pfa&miftvif; udk ay;awmfrz&ef bk&m;tjzpfeYJ yGiawmfrvm l Ykd fh l vdk (45) 0g w&m;awmfawGudk a[mawmfrlwJh Opm? tm;vH;k tcsKytm;jzihf Pfay;csiwmyJ/ f f Pfay;w&m;awGygyJ/ 'Dw&m;awmfukd aumif; aumif;odvkdY&SdvQif avmuDorm;&JU avmu Pf[m xdywef;a&mufom;w,f/ "rorm;u f G r*f Pf z d k v f Pf t xd xd y f w ef ; a&muf oG m ;w,f / jrwf p G m bk & m;&J U 45 0g w&m;
(pmrsuf E S m 29 ok d Y )

(,cif t ywf r S t quf ) vrf ; pOf u rS m ;aewmvm;/ vrf ; rS e f a y: ravQmuf a ewmvm;/ trSeawmh bk&m;yGiawmfrvmwmawmh f hf l csr;f omzdYk trSeb/ [kww,f/ wd..txl;ojzihf f J f Yk bkef;BuD;wdkYtem;rSmuyfaewJh jrefrmvlrsdK;rsm; qif;&Jaewmvnf; trSebjJ zpfaew,f/ 'Dawmh f b,fvpOf;pm;rvJ/ Ak'j rwfpmu bmeJwovJ kd G Y l qdawmh bke;f Bu;D wdYk tifrwefuRr;f usiem;vnf k f wJh aq;q&mBuD;rsm; orm;awmfBuD;rsm;eJY wl w,f/ tJ'orm;awmfBu;D qDrm e*du r,HMk unf D S k vQif roGm;bJaezdkY&Sdw,f/ ,HkMunfvQifvnf; orm;awmfBuD;ajymwJhpum;awGudk tjynfhtpHk em;axmifzdkYvdkw,f/ rdrdbmrSrodwmeJYbJ em; raxmifvdkYawmh rjzpfygbl;/ orm;awmfBuD;udk ,HkMunfvdkY olYqDudkoGm;vQifvnf; olu bmudk rpm;eJYvdkYqdk&if rpm;eJY/ b,fvdkaeygqdkvQif aeayhg/ tJ'vaeygvsuom;eJY a&m*graysmuf D kd f vQif orm;awmfBuD;&JU wm0efayhg/ olu 'Dvdk aeygvdkY qdkw,f/ udk,fu [dkvdkaew,f/ olu 'Dtpmudk rpm;ygeJYqdkw,f/ udk,fu pm;w,f/ 'gqda&m*g raysmufb;l / orm;awmfBu;D wm0ef k r[kwygbl;/ f

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

28

"r0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

at;twl yl t rQ
rsdK;jrihf (atmifvH)
wlav;? wlrav;wdkYa&.../ qif;&Jtwl csrf;omruGJ at;twl yltrQ tpOfxm0& vufwrjzKwpwrf; b0c&D; JG f vrf;udk avQmufvr;f Mur,fqwhJ pum;udk Mum; S kd zl;Mur,fxifyg&JU/ tJ'vkd b0c&D;tazmfaumif; D jzpfrSomvQif pnf;pdrcsr;f omudk cHpm;xduw,f f k f qdkwJh a&S;a[mif;om"u&SdcJhzl;w,fuGJU/ rMum; zl;Muao;&if ajymjyOD;r,faemf/ ewfvw&UJ q&mjzpfawmfrwhJ bk&m;&Sif l Ykd l aZw0efausmif;awmfrSm oDwif;oHk;awmfrlpOf ol<u,fwpfa,mufEifh ZeD;r,m;wd[m &Gmi,f S Yk wpf&GmrSm a<u;NrDawmif;NyD;jyefvmMuygw,f/ vrf;c&D;rSm awmifwpfckudkawGUjrif&awmh ZeD; u cifyGef; jzpfwJhol<u,fukd tcspprf;vdpweYJ f k d f ar;cGe;f wpfck ar;ygw,f/ ]]t&Sif.../ [dka&SUuawmif[m a&T awmifjzpfcr,fq&if uRerudk a&Ttenf;i,fcJG hJ kd f ay;ygrnfavm...}} ]]&Sifr.../ oif b,fvdk rdef;rvJ/ oifhudk wpfpHkwpfckrQ ray;Edkif}} [k ,wdjywf ajymqdkygw,f/ xdktcg r,m;jzpfolu a,musfm; um; pdwEv;kH rmausmvSayonf[k pdwrmawG;Ny;D fS fS rMunfrvifjzpfoGm;&Smygw,f/ 'Dve../ ol<u,fvifr,m; aZw0ef kd YJ ausmif ; awmf t eD ; od k Y a&muf & S d o G m ;wJ h t cg ausmif;awmfrSm acw0ifa&mufNyD; a&aomuf Muygw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif[m xdkol<u,f vifr,m;wdYk aomwmyefywzv wnfrnfukd d kd f BuKd wifojd rif toifapmifarQmaeygw,fu,/ h h f G f a&aomufNy;D aemuf jrwfpmbk&m;xH qnf;uyf G vsuf &Sc;kd zl;ajrmfvmcserm ol<u,fvifr,m;udk d d f S jrwfpGmbk&m;u y#doEm& jyKygw,f/ ]]oifwdkY b,ft&yfodkY oGm;MuovJ}} ]]t&Sifbk&m;../ a<u;NrDawmif;&ef &Gmi,fokdY oGm;Muygw,f..}} ]]'umr../ oif\cifyGef;vifonf oihftusdK;pD;yGm;udk tvdk&Sdyg&JUvm;/ oifhtm; aus;Zl;jyKyg&JUvm;...}} ]]t&Sib&m;.../ tuREyonf f k kf f a,musfm;tm; tvGefcspfyg\/ a,musfm; um; tuREyukd rcspyg/ ,aeYc&D;oGm;&m vrf; kf f f awmifudkjrifvQif awmif-a&TjzpfcJhaomf tuREfkyftm; tenf;i,fay;ygrnfavm[k

ar;pOf... oif b,fvre;f rvJ? wpfpwpfcrQ kd d kH k ray;Edi[k qdygw,f/ a,musm;um; pdwcif k f k f f kd rmvSygw,fb&m;...}} [k avQmufxm;ygowJ/ k h xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u]]a,musfm;onf xdkodkYajymqdkjim; aomfvnf; oif\*kPaus;Zl;udk atmufarhonhf f tcg tvHk;pHkaom pnf;pdrfudk ay;zl;NyD..}} [k rdefYawmfrlum atmufygtwdwfZmwfudkaqmif vsuf a[mMum;awmfrlygw,f/ vGeavNy;D aomtcg Am&mPoDjynf f rSm jA['wfrif;Bu;D rif;jyKygw,f/ bk&m;tavmif; [m jA['wfrif;&JU trIupreorQukd pDraqmif d S f H &Guay;&wJh ynm&StrwfjzpfygowJ/ wpfaeYrm f d h S rdrxoYkd cpm;vmwJh tdra&SUrif;om;udk rif;Bu;D d H f jrifvQif ]]rif;om;onf ig\xD;eef;tm; vk,l vdrfhrnf}} [k oHo,pdwfjzpfay:ojzihf]]tarmif.../ oifonf igtouf&nf S orQ umvywfv;kH NrKd U rae&/ t&yfwpfyg; aeacs/ igaovGefrS vmrif;jyKavmh..}} [l trdeay;vduygw,f/ tdra&SUrif;om;vnf; Yf k f f zcifrif;jrwf&JU tmPmudk rvGefqefEdkifojzihf ZeD;r,m;udkac: Am&mPoDjynfrS xGufcGm cJNh y;D ypE&mZf t&yf awmod0ifvsuf opf&uf Yk G rd;k aomwJeef;aqmufvyum opfo;D opfOwdukd k f Yk &SmazGpm;aomufaeygowJh/ aumif ; uif e u w f u d k M unf h v suf rif;Bu;D uG,veNf y[k od&vQif Am&mPoDjynfoYkd f G D dS jyefvmygw,f/ vrf;c&D;wGif awmifwpfvHk;udk jrif r,m;u tdra&SUrif;om;udk tcspprf;vdk f f ]]t&Sif.../ awmifonf a&Tjzpf cJaomf tenf;i,fay;ygrnfavm}} [kar;ygw,f/ h rif;om;u- ]]&Sifr/ oifum; b,fvdkrdef;rvJ/ oifhtm; wpfpHkwpfckrQ ray;Edkif..}} [l jyef ajymwJhtcg]]igum;- vifudk cspfjcif;aMumifh

vkdufygcJh&\/ odkYjzpfygvsuf odkYqdkbd\/ wu,fay;&jcif;r[kwfbJ EIwfjzihf [efaqmif ay;&jcif;udkyif wGefYwdk\/ tvGefcdkifrmaom pdwfESvHk;&Sd\/ rif;jzpfaomf ightm;tb,frSm aumif;aomtrI jyKvrrnfenf;..}} [k awG;awm d fh atmufarhum pdwfESvHk;romr,m&SdavowJh/ tdrfa&SUrif;onf Am&mPoDjynfodkY a&mufvQif rif;tjzpf&&Sd r,m;udkvnf; rdz&m;Bu;D t&m xm;jcif;[laom pnf;pdrrQom k f ay;ygw,f/ xdxufy ay;urf;jrwfE;kd ;jcif;r&S/ k kd d rdrd\ cspftyfaomr,m;BuD;[lyif todr&Sd/ tjzpfuoaom bk&m;tavmif;ynm&Strwf kd d d onf]]rd z k & m;BuD ; um; rif ; BuD ; tm; tvGefaus;Zl;jyKcJhay\/ qif;&JcHum awmodkY vdkufaecJh\/ ,ck rif;BuD;um; rdzk&m;udk *krpdkufbJ tjcm;rdef;rwdkYESihf arGUavsmfae\/ rdz&m;Bu;D tm; tvH;k pHaom pnf;pdr&atmif k k f ig jyKvkyfrnf..}} [k BuHpnfaeygw,f/ wpf a eY o ynm&S d t rwf o nf rdzk&m;BuD;xHodkY 0ifa&mufcHpm;NyD;vQif]t&Sirz&m;Bu;D / tuREyonf t&Sif f d k kf f wdkYxHrS xrif;zdk;rQyif qkawmfvmbfawmfrsm; r&zl;ao;yg/ tb,faMumihf arhavsmhaeyg oenf;...}} [k avQmufwifygw,f/ ]]zcif../ tuREfkyf&ygrl? zciftm; vnf; ay;ygrnf/ r&ygrl tb,frmay;Edirnf S k f enf;/ rif;BuD;um; ypE&mZfrS jyefvm&mc&D; tMum; awGUonhfawmifudk a&TjzpfcJhaomf tenf;i,fay;ygrnfavm[k ar;&mwGifyifb,fvre;f rvJ/ wpfpwpfcurQ igray;Edif [k kd d kH k kd k ajymcJhzl;ygonf}} [l ajymMum;ygw,f/ ]]t&Sirz&m;../ ,ckajymonhtwki;f fdk f d rif;BuD;a&SUrSm ajym0Hhygovm;}} ]]ajym0Hygonf}} h ]]t&Sirz&m;..aumif;ygNy/ tuREyf f d k D kf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;udk jyqkdonf/ rif;BuD;xHoGm;ESihfygrnf/ rMumrD t&Sifrdzk&m; vmcJyg/ tuREyuar;vQif ,ckajymonhtwki;f h kf f f d ajymyg...}} [k avQmufxm;vsuf rif;Bu;D xHoYkd oGm; cpm;aeygw,f/ rdzk&m;BuD;a&mufvm aomtcg]]t&S i f r d z k & m;BuD ; / tuREf k y f o nf t&SifwdkYxHrS qkvmbfawmfrsm; r&zl;ao;yg}} [k pwif ar;avQmufygw,f/ rdzk&m;BuD;uvnf; ,cifajymqdkcJh onhftwdkif; raMumufr&GHU&J0HhpGmajymqdkowJh uG,f/ xdktcg rif;BuD;onf]]ynm&Sdtrwf/ ynm&SdwdkYonf rdrd jyKvkyfEdkifaomtrIudkomvQif ajymqdkMuonf r[k w f y gavm/ rjyKvk y f E d k i f a om trI u d k rajym qd&m/ ajymqdygvsuf rjyKvyEioukd k k k f kd f l ynm&Sd wdYk uJ&UJ Muuke\..}} [k rdefYqdkygw,f/ h f rif;Bu;D &JUpum;udk Mum;&vQif rdz&m; k BuD;onf rif;BuD;tm; vuftkyfcsDvsuf]]t&Sifhtm; &Sdcdk;yg\/ t&Sifonf opmt&mwGifvnf;aumif;? w&m;t&mwGif vnf;aumif; wnfaeay\/ wki;f jynfrS ESixwf d f k ysufpD;jcif;odkYa&mufaomfvnf; opm arGU avsmfay\..}} rif;Bu;D \ *kPaus;Zl;udk cs;D rGr;f aom f rdzk&m;BuD;&JUpum;udk bk&m;tavmif; ynm&Sd trwfMum;vQif]]t&Sirif;Bu;D / vifqif;&Jaomtcg f qif;&Jtwlwl../ vifcsr;f omaomtcg csr;f omtwlw?l at;twlytrQjzpfaom r,m;onfom r,m; l jrwfjzpfyg\/ a&TaiGOpm<u,f0csr;f omoltm; r,m;aygrsm;jcif;rSm tHhzG,fr[kwfyg..}} [k avQmufxm;NyD; qufvuf]]t&Sifrif;BuD;.../ rdzk&m;BuD; um; t&Sifqif;&Jaomtcg awmtwlqif;&J cHcJh&\/ rdzk&m;BuD;tm; csD;ajrmufoihfvS\}} [k avQmufwifwtcg rif;Bu;D vnf; rdz&m;Bu;D hJ k tm; tvH;k pHaom pnf;pdrwukd ay;oem;awmf k f Ykd rlygw,f/ a'oemawmfudk aqmifawmfrl opmudjk yonhtqH;k ol<u,fvifr,m;vnf; f aomwmywdzdkvf wnfMuygw,fuG,f/ uJ- wlav;? wlrav;wdvnf; qif;&J Yk csr;f omwlruGmbJ xm0pOfvufwEir,fh yg&rD JG kd f jznhfzufudk &SmazGawGU&SdEdkifMuygapvdkY qEjyK vkuygw,f/ d f usrf ; ud k ; / ig;&mh i gh q ,f e d y gwf a wmf ? okpZZmwf/ rsd K ;jrih f ( atmif v H )
(pmrsuf E S m 27 rS )

29

awmfawG[m Pfcsnf;ay;wJh w&m;awmf awGcsnf;ygyJqdkawmh wpfckajymr,f/ tod PfawGu avmuDtodPfawGay;w,f qdkawmhh wcsdKUtodPfawGu wcsdKUtvkyf awGu jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU w&m;awmfeJY qefYusif Ny;D awmh qdygawmh/ tukovvyief;awGa&m k kd f k f bmawGa&mygaevQif a &m bk & m;/ jrwf p G m bk&m;&JU w&m;awmfeYJ b,fvaerwke;f qdawmh kd k 'D a e&mrS m av ]]oA ok w H twD a &x? [D e rk w m p rZd r m}}/ oAokwH- twwfynm[lorQudk? [Derkwmp rZdrm- tnHhpm;? tvwfpm;? txufwef;pm; tm;vHk;udk twDa&x- oif Mum; xm;&m\/ tm;vH;k twwfawG oifxm; ygwJh/ aumif;wJhtwwfwif r[kwfbl;/ bmt wwfjzpfjzpf oifxm;prf;yg/ tnHhpm;twwf awGyg oifxm;prf;yg/ tv,ftvwfa&m? txufwef;a&m? twwfawG oifxm;vkuprf; d f yg/ 'Dawmh bmtwwfusefaevJ/ tck jrefrm jynfrmoH;k aewJh tif*sie,mtwwf useao; S f D f vm;? q&m0ef twwfusefao;vm;? b,f twwfusefao;vJ/ oAokwH twDa&x? [DeHrkwmp rZd r m? oA tw H Zmae,s epygyH ya,mZa,/ tm;vHk;twwf&UJ tusKd ;tjypfuawmh kd odMuyg/ odNy;D awmh tm;vH;k awmh toH;k csr,fvYkd rBuHeJYav? wwfawmhwwfxm;yg/ 'Dawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU wdkufwGef;csufu ukefNyDr[kwf vm;/ Pfawmfay;wm rSefygw,f/ orm"d q d k w m Pf \ a&S U ajy; 'Dawmh bkef;BuD;u pOf;pm;w,f/ PfqdkwJh b,fvdkyk*dKvf&JUo@mefrSmrS Pf BuD;vmEdkifovJ/ orm"dawm- orm"d&wJh yk*dKvfonf ,xmblw-trSetwdi;f ? Zmemwd,xmbl H f k odEdkif\/ ywd- jrifEdkif\/ w&m;awmfu orm"d&rS Pfuxufvmw,f/ jrefrmvlrsdK; awGukd bke;f Bu;D tm;r&vdYk ajymaewm/ orm"d&rS Pfxufygw,f/ 'Dawmh orm"du b,fvdkrS &Edkifygowkef;vdkY wpfqihfbkef;BuD;wdkY usrf;pm bkef;BuD;wdkY w&m;awmfu pHkvGef;vdkY orm"du b,fawmhrS BuD;us,fvmEdkifygovJqdkawmh ]]oef&i;f rI}}/ Y S oef Y & S i f ; rI E S p f r sd K ; wpf a e&mrS m 0w K 0d o 'ud & d , m tZwfAm[DESpfvD0wK- oefY&Sif;rIudk jyKjcif; vnf;aumif;? Pf&SdzdkY orm"d&Sd&atmif[m?

twGif;a&m tjyifa&m oef&i;f atmif ae&r,f/ Y S b,f a vmuf a umif ; xm;wk e f ; / tjyif u bmawG u d k oef Y & S i f ; &rvJ q k d a wmh h Oyrm'D"rmHkqdkygawmh tm;vHk;trdIufodkuf bmrS r&Sdap&bl;/ oefY&Sif;&r,f? txm;todkawG bmawGtukef oefY&Sif;&r,f/ tao;pdyfygrusef qHk;rwwfwJhr[mPfBuD; &S i f / jrwfpmbk&m;u bke;f Bu;D wdausmif;awG G Yk rSm tm;vH;k y&dowfuawmh ausmif;awGukd jrifz;l wJh y&dowfuawmh wrsKd ;xifr,faemf/ ausmif; awGrm 'Dausmif;u qdygawmh bke;f Bu;D &JUausmif;? S k 'Dausmif;xJrSmvnf;yJ pmoifcef; pmoifwJh ausmif;vdkYqdkawmh 'DvdkyJ pm;yGJwdkYbmwdkY &Sdw,f qdkygawmh/ 'Dausmif;udk i,f&G,fwJholrsm;u q&morm;aewJh ausmif;udk&Sif;vif;awmhr,f vdkYqdkawmh pm;yGJwdkY xkdifcHkBuD;i,fwdkY tm;vHk; tjyifbuf xkwfxm;&w,f (pmu twdtus aemf bkef;BuD;vkyfajymaewm r[kwfbl;) xkwf wke;f u rSwxm;ygwJ?h 'Dpm;yGu 'Dem;rSm aew,f/ f J 'Dxicu 'Dem;rSmaew,f? 'Da&cGuu 'Dem;rSm kd f kH f aew,f/ 'DvdkrSwfNyD;rS xkwfyg/ xkwfNyD;vdkY tay:ud k Munh f v d k Y & S d & if yd k ; rQif u av;awG bmawG&Sdw,fqdkygawmh/ eH&Hudk MunfhvdkY&Sd&if rSmvnf; ydk;rQifuav;awG bmav;awG&Sdw,f qd k y gawmh / tay:upNyD ; omomuav; vSJygwJh/ tay:u pvSJygvdkY aoaocsmcsm qdkw,f/ eH&HwdkY bmwdkYrSm? tu,f aq;okwf xm;vdkY&Sd&if t0wfudk aocsma&pGw?f a&pGwNf y;D awmh np?f Ny;D awmh omomuav; aq;a&mif rysufatmif yGwfay;yg/ NyD;awmhrS 'Datmuf wpfavQmuf &Sif;vif;NyD;awmhrS cHkawGbmawG u &Si;f aewke;f aevSe;f xm;yg/ aevSe;f wmvnf; awmfawmfav;vSe;f Ny;D NyqawmhrS olae&mESiol D kd Y hf jyef N yD ; awmh x m;yg/ 'gausmif ; wG i f ; rS m / ausmif;jyif wHjrufpnf;vSJ awmhr,fvkdYqdk&if zHk&SdwJhbufqdk&if t&rf;rvSJ ygeJY/ a&jzef;vSJyg/ NyD;awmh avwdkYbmwdkYwkduf w,f qdkvdkY&Sd&if awmifbufu wkdufw,fqdkvdkY&Sd&if? awmif bufu wHcg;awGywxm;vkuygOD;/ twGif;rSm d f d f zH k 0 if r S m pd k ; vd k Y / ajrmuf b uf u avvm&if ajrmufwcg;awGuyw?f awmifwcg;awGukd zGi/ H kd d H fh aEGtcgrSm tifrwefylvdkY&Sd&if aea&mif0if rSmpd;k vdYk wHcg;awGukd ydwxm;/ nae enf;enf; f at;wJtcg wHcg;awGuzi/ bk&m;&Siu,awmf h kd G fh f kd f jrwfu oef&i;f rI b,favmufrsm;toH;k jyKw,f Y S qdkygovJqdkwJhOpmxif&Sm;vSygw,f/ q&mawmf t &S i f Z eumbd 0 H o (qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

30

"r0D&onf pdwfESvHk;ESifhb0udk Nidrf;csrf;aponf/ OD;acgif;rS &ifbwftxd usqif; oli,fonf owd & vm\/ rsuf a wmif r sm; cwf v m\/ xdktcg bk&m;tavmif;&aohu ig\ tpGrf; rQomjzpfonf/ zcifjzpfolrS opmqdkayOD; [k wdkufwGef;avonf/ zcifjzpfolu ig\ tdrfwGif tvSL r@yfBuD;jzifh aeYpOfvSL'gef;aeyg\/ igonf tvSLcHrsm;tm; o'gw&m;r&SdbJ? rvSLcsifbJ vS L 'gef ; ae&yg\/ rS e f a om op m pum; aMumihf om;jzpfol\ a`rGqdyfrsm; usygapo wnf;[k qdk\/ a`rGqdyfwdkYonf cg;txdus vIyf&Sm;vm\/ rd c if j zpf o l \ op m pum;rS m igonf ig\ vifom;tay: om;uduuonfh k kd f a`rGa[mufESihftwl rcspfrESpfoufyg? igonf rS e f u ef a om op m pum;aMumih f ig\ om;ud,ay:rSa`rqywonf usygapownf/ k f G d f Ykd [k opmjyK\/ a`rGqdyftm; vHk;us om;i,f onf yuwdaumif;oGm;av onf/ xdaemuf ol<u,fu bk&m;tavmif; Yk 'Dyg,e&aohtm; t&Sif&aoh? &[ef;b0rSm NiD;aiGUygvsuf bmaMumihfESpfaygif;ig;q,f ausmfrQ qufaeoenf;[k avQmufxm;av vQif &aohu ol<u,f'g,um ig&aoh&[ef; b0udk NiD;aiGU vlxGufNyD;jyefvmvQif vl taygif;wdkYu 'Dyg,eonf uav;rsm;uJhodkY pdwfrwnfMunf[k uJh&JUMujcif;udk rcHvdk atmih f t nf ; onf ; cH a ecJ h j cif ; jzpf o nf [ k &Sif;jyav onf/ &aohu ol<u,ftm; ar;jref;av onf? oifonf apwemrygbJ rvSLcsifbJ tb,faMumihf r@yfBuD;xdk;NyD; aeYpOf vSL'gef; aeoenf;[kar;avonf/ uREfkyfrvSL'gef;? ray;urf;bJ aeygu vltaygif;wdu aqGcepf Yk k qufrm tnHq;kH tzsi;f qH;k vlb[k uJ&UJ MurSm S h J h aMumufom vSLae&ygonf[k &Sif;jyav onf/ xdkYaemuf ol<u,fu rdrdr,m;tm; i,f&G,fpOfuyif oihfudk vufxyfaygif;oif; cJ h o nf / igY u d k rcspf a Mumif ; wpf p H k w pf & m r&dyryg? t&dyta,mifrQyif rjyKc?hJ rcspbEifh f d f f J S bmaMumihf igYudk aygif;oif;aeygoenf;[k ar;avonf/ ZeD;r,m;jzpfou t&SituREywYkd l f fk f trsKd ; rS m aqG c k e pf q uf u p rd r d \ vif a,musf m ;ud k ypf c J h N yD ; tjcm;a,musf m ;ud k r,lcJhzl;Muyg? aqGckepfqufxdef;odrf;cJhaom *kPfodumudk zsufaom rdef;r[k uJh&JUrcHvkd oif\ tjyKtrlwdkYudk rcspfrESpfoufbJ atmihf tnf;onf;cH aygif;oif;&jcif;jzpfygonf[k &S i f ; jyavonf / xd k Y a emuf ol < u,f Z eD ; u &aohBuD;a&SUrSmyif cspfvifol<u,ftm; t&Sif tuREfkyfonf om;udk cspfjcif;aMumihf rajym oihfaom pum;udk ajymqdkrdygonf cGihfvTwf awmfrlyg[k uefawmh awmif;yefavonf/ ol<u,fu igcGihfvTwfyg\/ ,aeYrS p pdwfrsKd;rxm;ygESihfawmh? igonfvnf; oihtay: qufqrrsm;udk jyKjyifygrnf[k uwd f H I ay;avonf/ bk&m;tavmif; 'Dyg,e&aohu ol<u,f,aeYrSp uH? uH\ tusKd;udk ,Hk,Hk MunfMunfESifh tvSLudkvSL'gef;ygavmh[k qHk;r avonf/ r@Asol<u,fu t&Sif&aoh &[ef; tjzpf aysmfarGUpGm usihfaqmifygavmh[kajym avonf/ opmwefcdk;aMumifh oli,fa&m*g uif;oGm;onfukd taMumif;jyK rSeaom opm f pum;\ wefcdk;rSm tvGefBuD;rm;ygay\[k udk,fawGUod&SdMuNyD;aemuf r,m;onfvnf; viftay: cspfcifav;jrwfav\/ ol<u,f onf uH\ tusKd;udk,HkMunfpGmvSL'gef;av\/ bk&m;avmif;onf aysmfarGUpGm psmeftbdnmOf udk jzpfapvsuf w&m;udk tm;xkwfav\/ uJhokYd rdrd\ pdwfudk jyKjyifajymif; vJ o G m ;MuygaMumif ; ud k twk r &S d A k ' j rwf p G m bk & m;&S i f u a[mMum;awmf r l a vonf / xdkYaMumihf bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm? rdb? aqGrsKd;? q&morm;? rif;wdkY\ t&dyfonf at;jrcsrf; omvsuf&SdygaMumif; Ak'bmom0ifolawmfpif taygif; owdjyKvdkufemusihfoHk;EkdifMuap&ef t&dyf\ at;jrcsrf;omjcif;udk a&;om;azmfjy vdkuf&ygonf/ opfyif\ t&dyfonf csrf;omvsuf &Sdonf/ opfyif\ t&dyfcsrf;omxuf rdb aqGrsKd;t&dyfu ydk csrf;omonf/ rdbaqGrsKd;t&dyfcsrf;omxuf q&m orm;t&dyfu ydkcsrf;omonf/ q&morm;t&dycsr;f omxuf rif;\ f t&dyfu ydkcsrf;omonf/ rif;\ t&dyfcsrf;omxuf twkr&Sd Ak'jrwfpGmbk&m;\ t&dyfu ydk csrf;omvsuf &Sdonf/ tvdrmpmrSm&Sd Ak'pmayMunhf pdwfaumif;&Sd oDvNrJ csrf;omMu rnfrvGJ '*H k q &mxG e f ; usrf ; uk d ; ig;&mh i g;q,f Z mwf e d y gwf a wmf r@AsZmwf

(pmrsufESm 9 rS) yg\[k vQfdKxm;aom wHusifwdkifudkrSDomae avonf/ r@As&aoh\ ud,ay:rSaoG;ayguf k f wdkYonf 'Dyg,e&aohudk,fay:odkY wpfpufpuf usaeav\/ aoG ; rsm;ajcmuf a omtcg wpfu,v;kH rnf;eufaom tuGuwjYkd zpfae\/ kd f f 'Dyg,e &aohtm;(uPS'yg,e)[k trnfwif D G av\/ a&S;u0dygufjzpfavonf/ eHeufvif;vQif yke;f uG,em;axmifae f aom tapmihfwdkYu &aohESpfyg;ajymaeaom pum;wdkYudk rif;BuD;tm; oGm;a&muf avQmuf xm;vQif rif;BuD;rS igrpHkprf;jyKrdacsNyD[k &aoh wdxH oGm; tjypfr&SaMumif; od&onftwGuf Yk d h wHusifudk Ekwfaponf Ekwfr&acs/ xdktcg &aoh u rif ; BuD ; igwH u sif v Qd K cH & onf r S m a&S ; 0d y guf u H a Mumih f o mjzpf \ / a&S ; b0u vuform;\ om;jzpfpOfu ,ifwpfaumifudk ao;i,faom yifv,fuopfom;jzihf ptkd0rS xdk;cJhzl;aom uHaMumihfjzpfyg\/ xdkuopfom; onf ,if i ,f \ ud k , f w G i f ; yif & S d a e\/ xdkuopfom;aMumihf ,ifrSmrao touf twdkif; aeNyD;rSao&av\/ odkYtwGufaMumihf igYukd touf&iapvdvQif wHusiurEkwygESifh S f k f kd f ta&ESihf tnDomjzwf ay;Muyg[k ajym av\/ rif ; csif ; wd k Y v nf ; &aoh \ tvd k twdkif;vkyfay;\/ xdktcgrSp (tmPdr@As &aoh)[k wGifavonf/ rif;BuD;onf &aoh ESpfOD;wdkYudk O,smOfawmf aeapNyD; vkyfauR; vSL'gef;avonf/ uPS'Dyg,e &aohonf rMumrDjyefoGm;av\/ op m qd k j cif ; aMumif h a`rG q d y f r sm;us r@Asol<u,fonf bk&m;tavmif; 'Dyg,e&aohjyefvmonfMum; qGrf;tazsmf wdpr om;r,m;wdEifh ausmif;odvmav\/ Yk D H Yk S Yk r@As&aoh \ owif ; ud k a jymqd k a eMupOf om;i,f o nf upm;&if ; a`rG u d k u f c H & ojzih f a`rqywufNy;D xdae&myif vJusom;avonf/ G d f k G rdbwdkYonf om;udkayGUcsD &aohxHaq;uko ay;&ef awmif;yefMuavonf/ &aohu igonf aq;0g;vnf;rod? rEmefvnf;rwwfyg[kqdk aomf t&Sifbk&m; oli,ftay: arwmxm; opmjyKyg[k avQmufxm;Mu\/ bk&m;avmif;&aoh\ opmpum; rSm ]igonf &aoh&[ef;jzpfonfrS ckepfESpfom aysmfarGUcJhyg\/ ESpfaygif;ig;q,fvHk;vHk; &aoh &[ef;b0wGif raecsifbJ? raysmfarGUbJ aecJh& \/ rSefaomopmpum;aMumihf oli,f\ a`rGqdyfwdkY usqif; toufcsrf;omygap ownf;[k opmjyKvuonfEifh a`rqywonf kd f S G d f Ykd

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

"r0D&onf avmuD avmukw&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

31

rif;u e,fydkifw,f iguawmh igYudk,figawmif rydkifbl;Asm cifolZmjrihf

jzL;NrdKU'udPmHkq&mawmf bk&m;BuD; \ ausmif;'g,umrESpfOD;wdkYonf omoe rl v ausmif ; ? omoea0yk v a usmif ; [l pmoifom; oHCmrsm; oDwif;oHk;&ef twGuf ausmif;toD;oD;udk aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;Mu avonf/ ausmif;trwdonf rdrw\ ausmif; Yk d Ykd tr[laom*kPfjzihf ywf0ef;usifwGif *kPfjrifh MuNyD; ausmif;trcsif;vnf; olu Opmypnf; &Swmydomonf? ydiqiryrsm;onf? odtwGuf d k k f kd f I kd Yk ausmif;udk aMumihfMuylyefrIr&Sd at;aq;pGm aqmufEkdifonf/ [dkausmif;tru aiGaMu; ydkifqdkifwm rQr&Sd &wmav;udk pkaqmif;NyD; *k P f v d k c sif tiwf c H N yD ; ausmif ; aqmuf aeonfponfjzihf ausmif;trwpfOD; uqdk rdrdywf0ef;usifudk owif;jzefYonf/ ausmif ; trwpf O D ; uvnf ; ol u rw&m; tjrwf B uD ; pm;? rd p m ZD 0 touf a rG ; rI j zih f &xm;aom Opmypn;f jzihf oltjypf udk zH;k csivYkd Y f ausmif ; tr*k P f E S i h f yg0gjycsif v d k Y ausmif ; aqmufonf/ igwdkYu y&d,wd oifMum;aom &[ef;i,frsm; csrf;ompGm oDwif;oHk;NyD; Ak' omoemud k a pmih f a &S m uf E k d i f & ef rd r d p m;rnf h oH;k rnfh OpmxJu pkaqmif;Ny;D vSLonf/ 'gejzihf b0tESpfudk xkwf,laom oabmjzihf ausmif; aqmufonf/ ausmif;tr*kPfudk vdkcsif ausmif;aqmufonfr[kwf ponfjzihf owif; jzefYonf/ xdausmif;trESpO;D \ wpfO;D tay: k f wpfO;D remvd0efwjkd zpfrI tjypfajymrI? ydiqirI k k f kd f 0g<um;rIwajymMum;oH? owif;onf q&mawmf Ykd em;odkY aygufMum;oGm;onf/ odkYtwGuf q&mawmfu ukodkvf vk y f N yD ; tuk o d k v f r jzpf M uap&ef y|mef ; w&m;awmf Oyed,ypnf; yk&drm yk&drm ukovm"rm ypdrmeH ypdrmeHtukovmeH "r m eH Oyed ,yp a ,eyp a ,m= OD ; pG m ukodkvfvkyfNyD; xdkukodkvfudk taMumif;jyK Ny;D aemufwif tukovjf zpfom; tusK;d rrsm; G kd G tyg,fvm;atmif aus;Zl;jyKaom tusKd;jzpf wwfaMumif; bk&m;a[m&Sdonf[k q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;u arwma&SUxm; a[mMum;qHk;r onf/ xd k o d k Y q H k ; r ausmif ; trES p f O D ;

owdoHa0*&aomtcsdefwGif q&mawmfBuD;u eifwdkY ausmif;trawG 'geom&SdNyD; bm0em ur&Sdawmh a&S;u q&mawmfBuD; wpfyg;u e,fydkifrif;udk rdefYMum;cJhwJh rif;u e,fydkifw,f? iguawmh igYudk,figawmif rydkifbl;AsmqdkwJh pum;vdk jzpfaeNyDuGJU[k rdefYMum;avonf/ ausmif ; trwpf O D ; u tus,f uav;odyg&apbk&m; ]at; Nrd K Uwpf N rd K UrS m q&mawmf bk&m;Bu;D wpfyg;u w&m;a[m<uowJ?h tJ'ND rKd U rSm&SdwJh e,fydkifrif;u olu e,fydkif rif;qdkwJh t&SdeftmPmyg0gESihf q&mawmfxH vma&muf awGUowJh? q&mawmfBuD;uawmh ole,fydkif bmydiqwm rodb;l wJ?h e,fyirif;u bke;f Bu;D k f kd kd f 'DNrKd UrSm olwYkd t*Fvytpk;d & qefusia&;w&m; d f Y f awG a[mrvm; bmvm;qdNk y;D pHprf;wJh oabm k ESihf 'DNrdKUrSm q&mawmf b,fvdkw&m;awG a[mygrvJ bk & m;vd k Y a vQmuf x m;owJ h ? q&mawmfuvJ dk;om;pGm vlom;awG opm av;yg;odNyD; kyfemrf "rjrifum 0dyem w&m;tm;xkwfMuNyD; Nidrf;at;&mtrSef edAmef a&mufrnfh w&m;a[mrSmaygYuGJUvdkY rdefYMum; owJ/ h aemufqufvufNyD; e,fydkifu olod vd k a om tcsuf t vuf a wG u d k quf v uf ar;awmh q&mawmfuvJ pdw&nf vuf&nEifh f S S f S ajzMum;ay;owJh? tm;vHk; e,fydkifu ppfaq; ar;NyD ; awmh q&mawmf u ar;ol ' g,um rnfolrSef;rod ]]'um rnfolwHk; b,fu vmcJwmvJv}Ykd ar;awmh e,fyiBf u;D uvJ ]atmf h kd 'Du,awmf igu 'De,fwpfcv;kH udk ydiqiaom kd f k k f kd f e,fydkifrif;qdkwm rodygYvm;? ol'Dvdk rodvdkYvJ igYudk omref'g,umvdk qufqHajymqdk ajzae wmudk;? ig'De,fwpfckvHk;udk pdk;rdk; tkyfcsKyf

ydkifqdkifaom e,fydkifrif;qdkwmudk 'Dbkef;BuD; odatmif avQmufxm;jyrSyJqdkNyD; ]wynhfawmfu 'De,fwpfckvHk;udk pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfydkifqdkifwJh e,fydkifrif;ygbk&m;? t&S i f b k & m;u 'D r S m w&m;a[mrS m qd k a wmh wynhfawmfydkifwJh e,fajrxJrSm a[mrSm jzpf wdi;f jynftycsKywhJ t*Fvyrif; t&Siocifrsm; k k f f d f f xdyg;a[majymrIrsm; r&Sd atmif wynhawmfu f BudKwifpHkprf;ar;jref;&jcif;jzpfygw,fbk&m;}vdkY zGihf[avQmufxm;owJh/ tJ'DtcgrSm q&m awmfu ]atmf 'Dwumu 'De,fudk ydkifwJh e,fydkifrif;ayudk;? at; 'um rif;uawmh 'D e ,f B uD ; ud k yd k i f q d k i f o ud k ; uG J U ? iguawmh igYudk,figawmif rydkifbl;uGJU} vdkY rdefYMum; vdkuf owJ/ h tJ'DvdkrdefYMum;vdkufawmh e,fydkif crsmrmeusNyD; q&mawmfudk quf ravQmuf awmhbl;wJh/ ,ckvJ eifwdkYausmif; trawG twdwfb0u 'ge ,ckb0 'geawGaMumihf ausmif;trawGjzpfaeMuayr,fh w&m;bm0em k y f e mrf r NrJ r I ? jzpf y suf a erI u d k tod r &S d M u avawmh a'go? arm[? rme? ? rp&d,w&m;awGESifh igu b,fvdkydkifqdkifw,f? olu b,favmufyiqiw,fvYkd jzpfaeMuwm kd f kd f aygYuG,f tJ'Dawmh udk,fhudk,fudk pOf;pm;Mu? igu bmyd k i f o vJ q d k w mud k iguvJ tJ ' D q&mawmf Bu;D rdeMYf um;ovdbJ igYu,igawmif k kd f rydif ovdk eifwvJ eifwu,eifwYkd ydiw,fvYkd k Ykd Ykd kd f k f xifovm;[k rdeMYf um;&m ausmif;tr (2) OD;rSm wpfOD;udkwpfOD;MunhfNyD; &,f&TifNyHK;wHkY rNyHK;wHkY jzpfoGm;Muavonf/ cif o l Z mjrih f

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

32

"r0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

a,m*D\ oEdokc
armif Z if a ,mf
&wwf o rQ 'gejyKvsuf aeEk d i f c J h y gonf / bm0emqdkonfrSm rdrd\ pdwfudk ur|mef; tmH k w pf c k c k xH k r T r f ; xm;jcif ; jzpf o nf / ]]ur | mef ; }} a0g[m&ud k v nf ; uJ h o d k Y cG J j cm;od E k d i f y gonf / ur - a&S ; a&S ; aom tm;xkwfrI? Xme-aemufaemuf tm;xkwfrI\ wnf&mjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumihfyif ur|mef;qkd onfudk a&S;a&S;u BudK;yrf;tm;xkwf (tvkyf f f DS uRef a wmf o nf tpOf t quf vky) aemufaemif bm0em pdwukd wnfr&m ,HkMunfudk;uG,f qnf;uyfjcif; toD;oD;&Sdol jzpfay:apjcif;jzpfygonf/ ,ck t cg vl t rsm;onf orx rsm;Mum;wGif BuD;jyif;vmcJh&\/ i,fpOfawmif bm0emESihf 0dyem bm0emudk rdrdqEESihf aus; uav;b0rSonf t&G,fa&mufonfh umvtxd avmukw&mtajccH pmayrsm; vdktyfcsuftvdkuf usihfBuHtm;xkwfMuonf/ Mum;wGif BuD;jyif;cJh&onf/ odkY&mwGif ywf0ef; orx bm0emtm;jzihf psmeftbdnmOftxd usifrSmrl trsm;tm;jzihf rddk;zvm tqihfu &Ekdifygonf/ jA[mbHka&mufEkdifygonf/ I d f rwufvmcJhMuay/ uRefawmfonfyif xdkvdIif; yGm;rIrsK;d omoemtyvnf; &Ekionf/ usiBfh uH d f Yk dk f Ykd *,ufxJ vl;vdSrfhyg0ifcJh&ao;nf/ pkef;? ewf Ekionf/ od&mwGif edAmefa&mufEiz&mrSmum; (tedrpm;ewfrsm;)ponfwu uReawmfi,fpOf odkYr[kwfao;/ r*fusihfpOfudk vdkao;onf hf Ykd f k b0 ywf0ef;usif0,f tawmfpnfyifcJh&onf/ wum;[k oli,fcsi;f udajymjyrdonf/ 0dyem y&d,wf(rawmufwpfacguf)tajccHaMumihyif tusihfjrwfjzihfom edAmefudk a&mufEkdifaMumif; f uRef a wmf ,if ; *,uf x J r yg0if j zpf c J h a y/ jzpfygonf/ edAmefqonfrm *kPjf 'yfxnf0gvSyg kd S uRefawmfryg0if&jcif;rSm rdbESpfyg;\ cdkifrm aom (Ak')bmomw&m; tay: pl;pl;epfepf onf/ edAmefwi= G f ,HkMunf? vdkufem? qnf;uyf? usihfBuHjcif; taMumif;w&m;rsm;aMumihfvnf; jzpfayonf/ 1/ trw*kPf(aojcif; r&Sdaom*kPf)&Sdonf/ uRefawmf oufvwft&G,f 0efxrf; 2/ yPDw*kPf(tmHkjyK oDwif;oHk;aom "r b0a&mufaomtcgwGif avhvmrIrS&aom &o)ESihf jynhfpHkonf/ tqHk;tjzwfrsm;? udk;uG,f-,HkMunfrIrS&aom 3/ 0d&m**kPfawmf (wyfrufjcif;uif;aom todw&mrsm;? Ak'a'oemawmf (toD;oD;)rS *kPfawmf)ESihf jynhfpHkonf/ f wmf &aom tqH;k trrsm;aMumihf Ak'bmom vlom; 4/ c,*kPawm(udavomonfvnf;aumif;? f f l ppfppfjzpfvmcJh&ayonf/ oli,fcsif;wpfOD;\ ky-emrfonfvnf;aumif; ukecrf;awmfraom *kPf)ESihf jynhfpHkygonf/ pnf;Hk;rIaMumihf ]]O',A,? y#dyDVe 'kum}} [k edAmef*kPfa&mif 4 &yfjzpfygonf/ qdktyfaom jzpfrI-ysufrI 'Pfudk cHae&aom ky+emrf "rocFg&[lorQ 'kucsn;f om wum; orx bm0emrSp? 0dyem bm0emtqHk; f f [k pGJNrJ,HkMunfNyD;um q,f&uf w&m;pcef; ]]cEmeda&ma"medAmeH}} cEmvGeajrmuf? jrihjf rwf 0ifjzpfcJhygonf/ ylavmifjcif;uif;aom tpGJ- vSaom edAmefa&muf vrf;pOfudk ul;ajymif; t,l tTef;uif;aom edAmefvrf;aMumif;\ usihfBuHMuolawGudkom"kac:rdygonf/ rdrd\ wpfpwpfcaom oEoc(pd;k pOf;rQ)udom cHpm; aetdrfwGif bk&m;ausmif;aqmifxm;NyD;? Ak'kH k d k k "r-oHC&wemoHk;yg;txG#ftjrwfxm;vsuf cJh&onf/ aetdrf edp"l0tm;jzihf o&P*Hk udk;uG,frItqihfrSonf omvGefjrifhjrwfaom okH;yg;aqmufwnfvsuf bk&m;trSL;&Sdaom ur|mef;w&m;rsm;udk usihfaqmifBudK;yrf;Mu G kd oH C mawmf r sm;ud k "r d , v' y p n f ; rsm;jzih f onfukd 0rf;ajrmufpm BuKd q&ygonf/ ,cktcg ]]ypKyefur0g'}} [k a<u;aMumfNyD; ax&0g' Ak'omoemawmfudk rodromrS ododomom txd rqifrjcif usihfoHk;(ajymqdk? a[mMum;) vmMuonf u d k u m; owd c syf ? owd u yf wGef;vSefMu&rnfjzpfygonf/ wwfodem;vnf olrsm;u Ak'0g'vrf;rvGJ&atmif qdkqHk;rMu& rSmjzpfygonf/ 0dyem tvkyqonfrm Ak'omo f kd S emawmftwGi;f (Ak'yg ' e0rcPumv) twGi;f rSmom &Edkifygonf/ aumif;aom w&m;"r wnfaomolukd a,m*D[qtyfygonf/ a,m*D k kd olawmfpifqdkonf ,ckb0 usihfBuHtm;xkwf vQif csufcsif;b0uRwfum edAmef0ifEkdifoljzpf ygonf/ wpfr*f? wpfzkdvf&Ekdifaom ]]wd[dwf}} yk*dKvfxl;rsm;jzpfygonf/ ykxkZOf 4 rsKd;rS txl; jrwfqHk; ykxkZOfjzpfygonf/ 0dyem tusihf pcef;a&muf a,m*DwdkY ynm tEk? t&ihfudk vdkuf okc(aumif;jcif;) 4 rsKd;&Ekdifygonf/ if;wdrm Niraumif;jcif; (yDwoc)? pdraumif; Yk S d hf d k hf jcif;(y'dokc)? Nidrfaumif;jcif;(Oayum oEd okc)ESihf Nidrf;aumif;jcif;(edAmefoEdokc) jzpfyg onf/ trSwfpOf oHk;wGif yg0ifaom Nidrf aumif;jcif;(OayumoEoc)qdonfrm bk&m;? d k k S &[EmtrQ tzdk;xdkufwefvSaom IrSwfrI Oayumoabmjzpfygonf/ kyf-emrf ocFg& 0dnmPfoabmt& jriforQ? Mum;orQ? eHorQ (arT;orQ)? t&om(csKdcsOf? pyf? ief? cg;)&SdorQ xdawGUcHpm;rI rSeforQtay: qifjciftod? Pftod? ynmtodjzihf(ormorm"djzihf) I rSwfjcif;jzpfygonf/ k y f w &m; jzpf - ysuf r I tay:? erfw&m;u odrSwfcHpm;rIjyKaejcif;onfyif 0d y emjzpf o nf [ k em;vnf c H , l x m;&yg onf/ odkYcHpm;odrSwfxm;avav? Mum;av aoG; a0;Ekirnfjzpfygonf/ "rEihf t"r0g' d f S rsm;? orm'd|Eifh rdpm'd|t,lrsm;udk cGjJ cm;odvm d S d Ekirnfjzpfygonf/ 0dyem w&m;tm;xkwol d f f rsm; aumif;jcif; 4 rsKd;cHpm;&&SdEdkifygap/ a,m*D\ oEdokcudk ydkifydkif&&SdMuygap[k qE jyK&ygonf/ armif Z if a ,mf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf avmuNidrf;csrf;rItwGuf jzpfonf/

33

mPftvif;eJY aorif;udk &ifqkdifjcif;

auwk r wD j r[oF m (vk y f o m;rsm;aumvd y f ) a,m*DwdkY ouf&Sdow0gtm;vHk;[m arG;zGm;vmMu&NyD;aemuf tm;vHk;aom ow0g wdkYonf aoMu&rSmjzpfygw,f/ q&mawmf BuD;u ]taorOD;cif PfOD;atmifvkyfMuyg}? ]NyHK;ao aoEdkifatmif vkyfyg? rJhao raoMu &atmif tcsdef&Sdcdkuf vHkYvpdkufNyD; 0dyem w&m;tm;xkwMf u&ef} rd;k ukwq&mawmfBu;D u f rMumcP rdefYMum;qHk;rygw,f/ odkYjzpfvQif taorOD;cif PfOD; onf q d k o nf r S m op m trS e f u d k o d a tmif (wpfenf;) cEmBuD;onf 'kuopmtrSefjzpf aMumif;od&Sdem;vnfatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwf &jcif;yifjzpfygw,f/ a,m*DwdkY cEmESpfrsKd;&Sdygw,f/ (1) yuEm rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? udk,f? pdwwukd tm;vH;k aygif;vduvQif yuEmwnf; f Ykd k f [laom vuf&SdcEmBuD;&ygw,f/ (2) Oyg'geuEm avmbwPSm? Oyg'gefw\usupm; Ykd f &m tmHkjzpfwJh cEmwdkYjzpfygw,f/ yuEm ac:aom vuf&SdcEmBuD;onf Zmwd'ku(b0&&Sdjcif;) Z&m'ku(tdk&jcif;) Asm"d'ku(em&jcif;) r&P'ku(ao&jcif;) tp&SdwJh 'kuawG&SdaewJh vuf&SdcEm0efudk xrf;ae&wJh 'kutppftrSef jzpfygw,f/ oVm,wersm;jzpfwJh rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? udk,fponfwdkYonf wPSm avmbrjzpfEkdifwJh dk;dk;yuEmjzpfygw,f/ rsufpdeJY tqif;awGUvQif jrifpdwf jzpfay:ygw,f/ (1) Oyg'geuEmjzpfw,f/ em;ESihf toHxdcdkufrdvQif Mum;pdwfjzpfay:vm w,f? Oyg'geuEmjzpfygw,f/ ESmacgif;ESifh teHY awGUvQif eHopwjf zpfay:vmw,f? Oyg'geuEm d d jzpfygw,f/ vQmESit&omawGUvQif pm;odpwf fh d jzpfay:vmw,f/ Oyg'geuEmjzpfygw,f/ ud,Eifh awGUxdp&mawGUxdvQif ,m;emaumif; k f S odpdwfjzpfay:vmw,f? Oyg'geuEmjzpfyg w,f/

azmfjyygOyg'geuEmrsm;onf wPSm avmbudkjzpfapEkdifygw,f/ dk;dk;yuEm rsm;u wPSmavmbudkrjzpfapEkdifyg/ twdk csHK;qdk&vQif ]rsufpd-rsufvHk;} ponfwdkYuom cifp&m jrif&ifcifr,f? pGJvrf;p&mawGU&if pGJvrf;r,f? ,if;cifrifpdwf pGJvrf;pdwfudkrS qufvufNyD; wPSmOyg'geftpGJvrf;BuD;jzpf oGm;Ekiygw,f/ d f jrifpdwfay:vmwJhtcg 0dyem Iae&if jrifpdwfaemufu r*fvdkufaeaom aMumihf wPSmwnf;[laom avmbjzpfEkdifcGihf r&awmhyg? xdkYtwl Mum;pdwf? eHpdwf? pm; odpdwf? ,m;emaumif;odpdwf? awG;awmpdwf ponfrsm;vnf; jzpfay:vmwdkif; 0dyem jzpf-ysufIae&if ,if;jzpfay:vmaompdwf rsm;&JU aemufu ]]r*f}} vdkufaeonfjzpfaom aMumih f wPS m avmb rjzpf E k d i f a wmh y g/ 0dyemjzpf-ysuf rIrdvdkufwJh yk*dKvfawG rS m om wPS m avmbawG rjywf jzpf a e rnf j zpf y gw,f / a,m*D o nf ud a vom atmifyukd wufvr;f EkiaeNy[ ac:qdEiyg JG S d f D l k dk f NyD/ ]]cEmudk,fpaom avmuDtmHktpk wdkYudk wihfw,fvSyonf[k oabmxm; Iavhr&S?d rsuppaom a`E(6)yg;wdukd apmihf f d Yk a&Smuf\/ tpmtm[m&wd twdi;f t&Snukd Yk k f vnf;od? uH-uH\ tusKd;udkvnf; ,HkMunf\/

bk & m;paom &wem(3)yg;ud k rwk e f r vI y f ,HkMunfjcif;&Sd\/ xdkodkYaomvHkYv&Sdaomoludk tm;enf;aomavajyavnif;onf? ausmuf awmifudk rvSJzsufEkdifouJhodkY ]]udavomrmef}} ud k , f w G i f ; &ef o nf rES d y f p uf rzsuf q D ; Ek d i f awmhay}} [l ("ry')u rdefYqdk Tefjyxm; ygonf/ 'gaMumihf jzpf-ysuftNrJ IrSwfae aom a,m*Donf olY&JU jrifpdwf[m Oyg'geu EmawGjzpfaeayr,fhvnf; a,m*DwGif wPSm? Oyg'gef ? uH a wG r vmEk d i f a wmh y g/ r*f a wG qufwdkufjzpfaewJhtwGufjzpfygw,f/ xd k t cg ]]jzpf-ysufu 'kuopmyg jrifaewm odaewmu r*opmyg? aooGm;wm u ork',opmyg? aemifcEmrvmawmhwmu eda&m"opmjzpfygw,f}} qufvufNyD; jzpf-ysufIrSwfay;ygu 'kuopmudk Izefrsm;vmonfhtwGuf udk,fh cEmudk rkef;vmonhf Pf r*opmjzpfvm awmh aemifcEmawG ray:vmEkiwmu ork', d f op m qd k u f N yD ; at;csrf ; wJ h e d a &m"op m ud k rsufarSmufjyKEkdifrSmjzpfygw,f/ a,m*Donf cEmudk rkef;Pf0ifvm ayr,f h quf N yD ; I a y;yg? rk e f ; Pf v nf ; ukeom;a&m? tqH;k Pf0ifvmygw,f/ 'Dawmh f G um -jzpf-ysufu 'kuopm -jzpf-ysufukd rkef;NyD;qHk;oGm;wmu eda&m"opm/ pmrsuf E S m 37 ok d Y

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

34

"r0D&onf avmuzGHY NzdK;pnfyifa&;twGuf jzpfonf/

vl? EGm;? ZD;uGuf? csihfwGufom"u arQmfIMu

OD;csdKOD; (pdefuefYvefY)
ajymqd k p Of w pf & yf t m; oH k ; oyf wifjyyg&apwpf c sd e f c gwk e f ; qD u zef q if ; &S i f wpfOD;onf vl? EGm;? ZD;uGuf [lonhf ow0g (3)OD;udk zefqif;vkuygowJ/ zefqif; tNy;D rSm d f h touftydkif;tjcm;udkvnf; tESpfav;q,f tnDtrQaeEdkif&ef owfrSwfay;vdkufygowJh/ odkYaomf vlu pOf;pm;rdonfqdk\/ igonf vljzpfygvsuf EGm;ZD;uGuwEitwl touftnD f Ykd S fh trQ aexdi&rnfqygu ravsmpacs/ xdaMumihf k f kd f G Yk zefqif;ay;aomolodkY xdkonf\taMumif; jcif;&mudk rsufESmpHk nDwifjyajymqdkMu\/ zefqif;olrS ]]tif;- [kwfayw,f? tJ'Dawmh vlu rlv owfrSwfcsuftwdkif; tESpf (40) udk,l EGm;u rlv (40) rS (20) avQmh vlodkY (20) yd?Yk (60) jzpf? ZD;uGuuvnf; rlv (40)rS? f (20) avQm vloYkd (20) yd?Yk (80) jzpf? xdaMumihf h Yk vl (80) EGm; (20) ZD;uGuf (20) toufwdkY wnfNrJap[k owfrSwf vdkufonfqdk\/ odkYjcif;&maMumihf vl\touf (40) t&G,fonfvltoufvlpdwf &Sdaeonfjzpf aumif;? raumif; taxGaxGukd BuHKovdk vkyf aqmif\/ (40) ausmf(50)csOf;um? (60) twGif;a&mufcsdefonf EGm;b0? EGm;touf pGufzuf aeNyDjzpf EGm;uJhodkY tyef;wBuD; &SmrSD;azGqvkyfaqmifMu&onfjzpf\/ (60) ausmf (70) csnf;um? (80) twGif; a&muf&Sd cseonf ZD;uGub0 ZD;uGutoufoYkd owfrwf d f f f S a&muf&NdS yjD zpf ZD;uGuuoYkd rsuv;kH tjyK;om; f hJ f ESihf [dkonfMunhfum (trsm;wdkYuJhodkY vIyf&Sm; aqmif&GufrI tm;rygawmhbJ) tcsdefukef& awmhrSm jzpfygowJh/ qdkvdkonfrSm t&G,fonf pum; ajymvmaMumif ; ES i h f tod ? owd w &m;wd k Y onf r d r d w d k Y b 0twG u f t"d u tif t m; jzpfonfudk rSwfrSwf&&&SdaezdkY jzpfygonf/ avmuoabmrS m vnf ; pd w f u d k M unf a p &m\/ "roabmrSm vnf; pdwfudkwnfap &m\qd k x H k ; ud k u sih f o H k ; wwf & ef v d k y gbd / ]]Z&mrD;BuD;? wnD;nD;vQif zsufqD; zk w f N rd K uf ? aeY p Of w d k u f ? ud k , f E d I u f u suf aMu? avmif y suf a evnf ; ? ea0e0g? ra&&matmif ? a,mif u mwqd w f ? armrl [dwfaMMumihf? ydwfydwfodkYpif? &dyfrxifonhf? umih tjrifuef;pG? rif;tE? lykyf0g? i,faom uef cgES i h f ? Z&mavmif [ k y f BuD ; k y f u d k ? vuf q k y f j zef Y a jz? I O D ; acsavmh ? ud a v aemufql;? oif aysmfjrL;? rl;xl; rifxif? od r jrif c J h . .}} ponf j zih f td k & mta&; rarQmawG;bJ avmu ta&;t&mwGif igtxif? f igtjrifoef? "rta&; t&mwGivnf; igtxif? f igtjrifoefaeMuonhf tw0g'Drsm;pGmwdtwGuf Yk rCa'0? twpdEmcPf;(6)wGif? b0ta&; jznhpuf awG;Edi&ef refvnfq&mawmfu qH;k r f G k f xm;cJhygonf/ ]]rif;jrwf= &Spfa,mufukefaomolwdkY onf tem*wfta&;udk a&S;rqGuyif MunhfI tyf\/ tb,f&Spfa,mufwdkYenf;/ ukefonfonf a&mif;&efOpmudk a&S;rqGuyif Munhftyf \/ qifajymifBu;D onf ESmarmif;jzihf ra&mufrD a&S;rqGuyif c&D;udk Munhftyf\/ vSnf;ukef onf-onf tem*wfvn;f pcef;qdyukd a&S;rqG S f uyif Munhtyf\/ avSoBl u;D onf ra&mufao; f aomurf;udk a&S;rqGuyif Munhf avSudkvTihf tyf\/ aq;orm;onf a&S;rqGuyif touf udMk unh olemxHoYkd csO;f uyftyf\/ wHwm;udk f ul ; aomol o nf a&S ; rqG u yif c k d i f o nf ? rcd k i f o nf h t jzpf u d k od N yD ; rS wuf t yf \ / &[ef;onf a&S;rqGuyif ra&mufao;aom tcgudkqifjcif oHk;aqmifzG,fudk oHk;aqmif tyf\/ bk&m;avmif;wdkYonf a&S;rqGuyif rif;rsKd ;udvnf; aumif;? ykPm;rsKd ; udvnf;aumif; k k Munhtyf\/ f (rd v d E y O m ? yg? jref r mjyef ? aAm"d o w "rwmyOm) (u) &mxl;|meE& rnfrQ&Sdap? tod rxm;? rcpm;yg/ "rwmoabm oluajym\/ ajymonhy[ef? olpr\/ trSew&m; vufuif f kH D H f kd xm;\/ jcm;em;yH&yf pd;k pdwr0if? riifaemufq?H k d f wif;[efrjyK? vdkufavsmrIa0;? ta&;rawmif;? taMumif ; rjy? td k c sd e f w ef u td k M u& em& taxGaxG aoMutoacsF/ (c) pnf;pdrf"e? ayg<u,f0 rnfrQ &Sdap? todrxm;? rcpm;yg/ "rwmoabm oluajym\/ ajymonhfyHk[ef? olpDrH\/ trSef w&m; vufudkifxm;\/ jcm;em;yHk&dyf pdk;pdwf

r0if? riifaemufqH? wif;[efrjyK? vdkufavsm rIa0;? ta&;rawmif;? taMumif;rjy? tdcsewef k d f u tdkMu& em&taxGaxG aoMutoacsF/ (*) vSvGef-vGef;\/ csD;rGrf;qdkMu? rnfrQ&Sdap? todrxm;? rcpm;yg/ "rwm oabm oluajym\/ ajymonhy[ef? olpr\/ f kH D H trSefw&m; vufudkifxm;\/ jcm;em;yHk&dyf pd k ; pd w f r 0if ? riif a emuf q H ? wif ; [ef r jyK? vduavsmrIa0;? ta&;rawmif;? taMumif;rjy? k f td k c sd e f w ef u td k M u& em&taxG axG aoMutoacsF/ (C) aqGOmrdw? o[m,ESihf udp trsdK;rsdK;? vGeftm;udk;& &SdvGef;pG\/ rnfrQ&Sdap? todrxm;? rcpm;yg/ "rwm oabm olu ajym\/ ajymonhfyHk[ef? olpDrH\/ trSefw&m; vufudkifxm;\/ jcm;em;yHk&dyf pdk;pdwfr0if? riifaemufq?H wif;[efrjyK? vduavsmrIa0;? k f ta&;rawmif;? taMumif;rjy? tdkcsdefwef u tdkMu& em&taxGaxG aoMutoacsF/ (i) bk&m;&[Em? jA[modMum;? ewf rsm;a'0g? rvGwfomwnhf? ok*wdESihf 'k*wdbHk? tukeyg\/ rnfrQ&ap? todrxm;? rcpm;yg/ f dS "rwm oabm oluajym\/ ajymonhfyHk[ef? olpr\/ trSew&m; vufuixm;\/ jcm;em; D H f kd f yHk&dyf pd;k pdwr0if? riifaemufq?H wif;[efrjyK? f vduavsmrIa0;? ta&;rawmif;? taMumif;rjy? k f tdkcsdefwef u tdkMu& em&taxGaxG aoMu toacsF/ jA[p&tjrifjzifh avmutm; jrifwwfMuygap/ kd f OD ; csd K OD ; (pd e f u ef Y v ef Y ) usrf;ukd; rCa'0vuFmopfBuD; refvnfq&mawmf

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onfvlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/
a&S Y r suf E S m zk H ; rS t quf

35

wpfOD; ,SOfvmNyDqdkvQif w&m;ojzihfjzpfap? rw&m;ojzihfjzpfap EdkifvdkMuonfrSm rkdufrJ aom ykxkZOfwdkY\ "rwmomjzpfav\/ xkdodkY "rwm0ifvmonfEifh wpfNyKd ieuf rdpmpm&onf S f ay:aygufzdkY vG,ful\/ 0efxrf;wpfa,muftaejzihf &mxl; vnf; wdk;csif\/ ypnf;Opmvnf; csrf;omcsif \/ xifay:ausmMf um;rIvnf; &Scsi\/ onf d f rSm "rwmjzpf\/ xdk"rwmtwdkif; &mxl;wdk; atmif BuKd ;pm;\/ ypn;f Opm pkratmif BuKd ;pm; d \/ xifay:ausmfMum;atmifvnf; BudK;pm;\/ xdkodkYBudK;pm;&mwGif w&m;ojzihf BudK;pm;onf vnf;&Sd\/ rw&m;ojzifh BudK;pm;onfvnf; &S d o nf / w&m;ojzih f Bud K ;pm;jcif ; jzpf y gu umarok ormpm& twGif;0ifrnfjzpf\/ rw&m;ojzihf BudK;pm;jcif;jzpfygu umarok rdpmpm& twGif;0ifrnfjzpf\/ rw&m;ojzihf BudK;pm;jcif;jzihf &mxl;wdk;csifvnf; wdk;Edkif\/ yp n f ; Op m <u,f 0 csif v nf ; <u,f 0 Ed k i f \ / xifay:ausmMf um;csivnf; xifay:ausmMf um; f Edi\/ Bu;D yGm;jcif;wGif rw&m;aomvkyief;jzihf k f f BuD;yGm;jcif;vnf;&SdEdkif\/ w&m;aomvkyfief; jzihf Bu;D yGm;jcif;vnf;&S\/ rw&m;aomvkyief; d f [lonf aumif;usKd ;udray;EdibJ raumif;usKd ; k k f udkom ay;Edkif\ [laom yHkaoowfrSwfcsuf onf r&Sd/ xdaMumihf y|mef;Oyed, ypn;f cef; Yk wGif tukovuvnf; ukovukd aus;Zl;jyKjyef kd f kd f \/ ukovuvnf; tukovukd aus;Zl;jyKEif kd f kd f kd \ [k rdefYawmfrl\/ xdkYaMumifh tukodkvf vkyief;jzihvnf; csr;f omEdi\/ ukovvyief; f f k f kd f k f jzihfvnf; rGJoGm;Edkif\/ twdwu ukovukd f kd f vkyfaomtcg tukodkvfjzihf&aom ypnf; jzih f v k y f \ / xd k y k * d K vf r sm;um; tuk o d k v f vkyfief;jzihf csrf;omwwf\/ csrf;omjcif; tuk o d k v f o nf tif t m;BuD ; rm;aom taxmuf t yH h jzpf \ / uk o d k v f j zih f & aom ypnf;rsm;jzihf tukodkvfudk vkyf\/ xdkol rsm;um; aumif ; a&mif ; aumif ; 0,f or m tmZD 0 jzih f vk y f u d k i f p m;aomuf y gvsuf qif ; &J r G J a wwwf \ / qif ; &J r G J a wjcif ; uk o d k v f o nf tm;BuD ; aom taxmuf tyH h j zpf \ / xd k Y aMumih f raumif ; aom touf a rG ; jrLrI j zih f v nf ; csrf ; omcsif csrf ; om Ed k i f \ / aumif ; aom touf arG ; jrLrI j zih f v nf ; qif ; &J c sif q if ; &J E d k i f \ /

tusdK;w&m;wpfckudk jzpfay:aprI taMumif;w&m;wdkYonf av;yg;yg0ifMu&\/ uHvnf; vdk\/ PfESifh 0D&d,vnf; vdk\/ qEvnf; vd\/ pdwxm;vnf;vd\/ qE? pdw? k f k 0D&d,? 0DrHo aygif;av;ckwdkYudk 'dyg'fav;yg; [k ac:\/ 'dyg'fav;yg;ESihf jynfhpHkrS tusdK; w&m; jzpfay:vmEdkif\/ 'dyg'fav;yg;ESifh uHtaMumif;w&m;wGif uHonf Oyg'ge um&P rnf\/ Oyg'geum&P [lonfrSm udk,fxnf taMumif;jzpf\/ pm;yGJvkyf&m opfom;onf ud,xnftaMumif;jzpfouJoyif tusKd ;ay;&m k f h Ykd vnf; uHonf udk,fxnftaMumif;jzpf\/ PfEi0&,onf edrwum&Prnf\/ edrw S fh D d d d um&P [lonfrSm AdokumtaMumif;jzpf\/ pm;yGJvkyf&m vuform;rygvQif rjzpfouJhodkY tusdK;ay;&mvnf; PfESifh 0D&d,rygvQif rjzpf/ xdkYaMumifh PfESifh0D&d,onf Adokum taMumif;jzpf\/ qEonf ywemum&P rnf\/ ywemum&P [lonfrm &nfre;f csuf S S taMumif;jzpf\/ &nfrSef;csufr&SdvQif bmrQ rjzpfvmEdkifouJhodkYyif tusdK;ay;&m qEryg vQifvnf; bmrQjzpfrvmEdkifay/ xdkYaMumifh tusdK;ay;&m qEudkvnf; taMumif;wpf&yf jzihf vdktyf\/ pdwfonf or0g,dum&P rnf \/ or0g,dum&P [lonfrSm yHkpHtaMumif; jzpf\/ pm;yGJvkyf&m pm;yGJyHkpH&SdygrS pm;yGJudk vk y f &\/ xd k Y t wl tusd K ;w&m;wpf c k u d k jzpfay:ap&m pdwxm;onfvnf; yHptaMumif; f k H taejzihf yg0if&onfyif jzpf\/ onfrSm 'eusr;f rsm; azmfjyMuaom tqdtrdersm; k Yf jzpfav\/ 0ef;xrf;rsm;taejzihf &mxl;wdk;csif onf jzpfap? ypnf;Opm pkrdcsifonfjzpfap? xifay:ausmfMum;csifonfjzpfap taMumif; w&m;rsm;ud k rS e f u ef p G m toH k ; csoih f \ / taMumif;w&m;rsm;wGif twdwftaMumif;u wpfyg;ESihf ypKyeftaMumif;u av;yg;yg0if onfjzpf&m twdwtaMumif;udk rwwfEionf f kd f qdapOD;? ypKyetaMumif;udawmh xde;f odr;f &ef k f k wwf E d k i f & rnf j zpf \ / taMumif ; w&m;rsm; wGif twdwftaMumif;rSm uHjzpf\/ ypKyef taMumif ;rS m Pf E S i f h 0 D & d , wnf ; [l a om edrdwtaMumif;? qEwnf;[laom ywem taMumif ; ? pd w f w nf ; [l a om or0g,D taMumif ; wd k Y y if j zpf M u\/ yp K y e f taMumif ; av;yg;wd k Y u d k tuk o d k v f o abm r&S d b J uk o d k v f o abm&S d a tmif jyKjyif &rnf j zpf \ /

&mxl;wdk;&m jzpfap? ypnf;Opm pkrd &m jzpfap? xifay:ausmfMum;atmif vkyf&m jzpfap? ypKyefukodkvftaMumif;rsm;jzifhom vkyfaqmifygu umarokrdpmpm&om jzpfay vdrhfrnf/ ypKyefukodkvftaMumif;rsm;jzihf vkyf aqmifjcif;[lonfrSm rdrdtwGuf wpfpHkwpf&m arQmfudk;jcif;rjyKbJ rdrdwm0efudk ausyGefatmif aqmif&ujf cif;jzpf\/ txufvBl u;D rsm;udvnf; G k rsuEmvdtm;& vkyjf cif;rsKd ;vnf; r&S/ ,SOzuf f S k d f rsm;udkvnf; acsmufwGef;jcif;rsdK; r&Sd/ atmuf i,fom;rsm;udvnf; rw&m;zdEyni;f qJjcif;rsKd ; k dS f r&S/ rdrwm0eft& vkyoifvyxuonfuom d d f h k f kd f kd vkyfjcif;jzpf\/ xdkodkYvkyfjcif;tm;jzihf &mxl;wdk; csifvnf; wdk;rnf/ rwdk;vQifvnf; udpr&Sd/ ypn;f Opmrsm;udk pkaqmif;rdcsivnf; pkaqmif; f rdrnf/ rpkaqmif;rdvQivnf; udpr&S/ xifay: f d ausmfMum;csifvnf; xifay:ausmfMum;rnf/ rausmMf um;csivnf; udpr&S/ wu,fwrf; udp f d &Sdonfum; &mxl;wdk;&atmif[laom &nf&G,f csuf r&Sdjcif;yifjzpf\/ ypnf;Opm pkaqmif;rd atmif [laom &nf&G,fcsufr&Sdjcif;yifjzpf\/ xifay:ausmfMum;atmif[laom &nf&G,fcsuf r&Sjd cif;yifjzpf\/ rdrtwGuf bmqdbmarQmvihf d k f csurS r&S/ vkyief;Ny;D pD;a&;[laom OD;wnfcsuf f d f om&S\/ vkyief;Ny;D pD;a&;onfom arQmvihcsuf d f f f &Sd\/ enf;jzihf ypKyeftaMumif;av;yg;udk ukodkvfoabm&Sdatmif tm;xkwf\/ odkY tm;xkwjf cif;onf ax&0g'ESitnD tm;xkwf hf jcif;jzpf\/ odkYtm;xkwfygrS umarokorm pm&jzpf \ / 'eusrf;rsm; tqdkt& vlwGif Oyg"dEifh cEm[l tydi;f ESpyi;f yg&S\/ xdwif S k f kd d k G Oyg"d[onfrm tjyifyi;f yHoPmefjzpf\/ cEm l S kd k [lonfrm twGi;f ydi;f okyjf zpf\/ Oyg"daMumihf S k ]]olol igig}} uGJjym;ae&jcif;jzpf\/ cEmtm; jzihfvnf; tm;vHk;twlwlyifjzpf\/ bmrQ jcm;em;rIr&Sd/ tu,f Oyg"dudk z,fvdkufvQif tm;vHk;aom ow0gwdkYonf cEmcsif;tm;vHk; twlwlcsnf; jzpfMuayvdrhfrnf/ tdk;udkdkufcGJ vk d u f a omtcg td k ; xJ u tumrsm;onf tm;vHk; wpfom;wnf;a&maESmoGm;ouJhodkY Oyg"drsm;udk z,f&m;vduaomtcg tm;vH;k aom S k f ow0gwdonf wpfrsKd ;wnf;jzpfom;ayvdrrnf/ Yk G fh odkY wpfrsdK;wnf;jzpfoGm;jcif;udkyif jA[pdk&f tjrifjzihf jrifjcif;[lqd&\/ jA[p&tjrifjzihf k kd f jrifaomtcg wkwfvnf;r&Sd/ ukvm;vnf; r&S/ t*Fvyvnf;r&S/ jrefrmvnf;r&S/ tm;vH;k d d f d d vlcsnf;om &Sdav\/ olvnf; vl? igvnf;

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

36

"r0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/ jyKusihf\/ oluvnf; umr*kPfwdkY rrSefruef jyKusi\/ xdoqvQif umr*kPw rrSeruef fh k Ykd kd f Ykd f jyKusifhMuolcsnf; xdyfwdkuf&ifqdkif&zG,f &Sdacs \/ xdyfwdkuf&ifqdkifonf qdkuwnf;u tcsif; csif; y#dyuoabmonf ay:vmrnfjzpf\/ trSeftm;jzihf y#dyuudk Nidrf;aysmufygapjcif; tusKd ;iSm ig;yg;oDvusi0wfukd ynwfawmfrchJ fh l jcif; jzpfyg\/ ig;yg;oDvudk trnfcH vdkufemHk rQjzihf vlYavmu y#dyuoabmonf ajy aysmufEdkifvdrhfrnf r[kwf/ xdkYaMumihf umarok rdpmpm&m a0&rPdt& olwpfyg; om;ysdK? orD;ysKd rsm;ESihf olwpfyg;tdr&mudk rusL;vGejf cif; f tm;jzihf wwd,odumyk'ukd apmifxe;f vkuf f h d d emjcif;tjyif rdrdwdkY\ twdkif;twm? rdrdwdkY\ yrmPudk rausmfvGefbJ rdrdwdkY\ vkyfief; rsm;ud k rS e f r S e f u ef u ef v k y f a qmif j cif ; tm; jzifh wwd,odumyk'fudk tESpfom&tm; jzihf apmihfxdef;tyfyg\/ odkYapmihfxdef;yg u wwd,odumyk'fudk toGifoPmefa&m? tESpom&yg ESprsKd ;pHaomIaxmifrS apmihxe;f f f k h f d &m a&muf\/ ydkvnf; av;eufapav\/ ydkvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;tvdkawmfESihf nDGwf ap\/ ydkvnf; avmu Nir;f csr;f rI ay:ayguf d apEdkif\/ vl Y t od E S i h f ywf o uf qd k & vQif ywf0ef;usifaMumifhvnf; vlYtodonf jzpfay: \/ tawGUtBuHKaMumifhvnf; vlYtodonf jzpfay:\/ OfESihfpdkufaMumifhvnf; vlYtod onf jzpfay:\/ uHaMumifhvnf; vlYtodonf jzpf a y:\/ taMumif ; av;yg;wd k Y o nf vlYtodjzpfay:jcif;\ taMumif;w&m;rsm;jzpf Mu\/ vltod[onfrm tbd"rmoabm Y l S t& ajym&vQif ]]aZm}} yifjzpf\/ ]]aZm}} udkyif ]]urb0}} [lvnf; ac:\/ taMumif;av;yg; wdkYwGif ywf0ef;usifudk umrkyg'gef[k qdk&\/ tawGUtBuHKudk 'd|Kyg'gef[k qdk&\/ OfESihf pd k u f u d k oD v A w k y g'gef [ k qd k & \/ uH u d k tw0g'kyg'gef[k qdk&\/ Oyg'geyp,mba0g t& Oyg'gefaMumifh urb0jzpfay:&jcif; jzpf av&m taMumif;w&m;av;yg;aMumihf vlom; wdkY\ todpdwfonf jzpfay:&\[l qdkEdkif\/ todav;rsdK;wdkYwGif ywf0ef;usifod xuf tawGUtBuHKodu ydktm;aumif;\/ tawGUtBuHKodxuf OfESifhpdkufodu ydk tm;aumif;\/ OfESifhpdkufodxuf uHodu ydktm;aumif;\/ avmutawGUtBuHKt& pmaywwfuRrf;olrsm;udk tawGUtBuHK tod ynm&Sifrsm;[k qdk\/ tawGUtBuHK todynm &Sifrsm;[lonf 'd|Kyg'geyp,m urba0gt& 'd|Kyg'gefaMumifh aZmrsm;jzpfMuolrsm;jzpfMu\/ 'd|Kyg'gef[lonf tawGUtBuHKrsm;yif jzpf\/ pmaytawGUtBuHKudk qdk\/ pmaytawGU tBuHKt& xdkolrsm;onf pmayusrf;*efrsm;udk wwfuRrf;Muyg\/ xdkYaMumihf pmayodrsm;udk xdkufxkdufwefwefodMuyg\/ odkY&mwGif pmay odwnf;[laomtawGUBuHKonf OfESihfpdkuf od t m;avmuf tm;raumif ; acs/ xd k t cg ]]tukodkvfu b,fvdk}} [l atmfus,f[pf us,f ajymqdkEdkifaomfvnf; ol\Of? ol\ pdkuf\ vTrf;rdk;rIrsm;udk rwGef;vSefEdkifonhf twGuf olonf vlvdrmrjzpfEdkifbJ &Sdav\/ ]]yg;pyfu bk&m; bk&m;? vufu um;&m; um;&m;}} jzpf&av\/ xdkYaMumifh avmu ynmwwfvlrdkufrsm;udk awGUae&jcif;jzpf\/ m;jzih trS e f t m;jz ihf ynmwwfav aMumufp&m aumif; av[lonf OfESihfpdkufudk rawmf vSefEdkif&Smaom pmayodynm&Sifrsm;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaom qdkdk;wpfck jzpfacs\/ qdkdk; pum;vnf; wu,fyifrSefuefyg\/ OfoEipduoukd vTr;f rd;k Ediaom d S hf k f d k f todrSm uHMurmodjzpf\/ wu,fwrf; uRwf csdefa&mufvmNyDqdkvQif Of b,favmufqdk; qd;k ? pduf b,favmufq;kd qd;k xdq;kd aom Of? k k xdq;kd aom pduukd uHMurmtvSntajymif;u k k f fh acszsuEi\/ xdaMumihf uHMurmtvSntajymif; f kd f Yk fh ud k b0\ tauG U [k qd k & \/ ae&m uHMurmudk tw0g'[k qdk\/ tw0g'qdkonf rSm tw[kqdkp&m [l t"dym,f&\/ trSef tm;jzihf t&[wr*fudk r&oa&GU twonf &Sdaernfjzpf\/ tw&Sdaeao;oa&GU uHonf &S d a ernf j zpf \ / t&[w r *f j zih f tw u d k t<uif;rJh y,fvkdufonfESihf wpfNydKifeuf tw csKyfNidrf;oGm;NyD; uHonfvnf; csKyfNidrf;oGm;rnf jzpf\/ xdktcg uH[lorQonf Bud,mtjzpfodkY a&mufoGm;ayvdrhfrnf/ xdkYaMumifh uHudkyif tw0g'[l qdkEdkif\/ tw[lonf tNrJr&Sd? ysufpD;Edkifovdk uHonfvnf; tNrJr&Sd? ysufpD; Edkifyg\/ tod[orQonf Oyg'gefaMumihf jzpf l av&m Oyg'gefr&SdawmhvQif tod[lvnf; r&Sawmh/ todr&SawmhvQif b0[lvnf; r&Sd d d awmhacs/ ae&m tod[lonfrSm ukodkvf aZmESihf tukovaZmwdyifjzpf\/ xdaMumifyif kd f Yk Yk h Oyg'geda&m"m b0eda&ma"m-Oyg'gefwcsKyvQif Ykd f urb0vnf; csKyfav\ [l y#dporkyg'f y#davmrenf;t& a[mMum;awmfrljcif; jzpf \/ tmHkrsm;udk tmHkjyK&m csKyfoGm;

vl? wpfO;D ESiwpfO;D jcm;em;csu[ bmrQr&S/ fh f l d trSeftm;jzihf igESifhol [l ESpfa,muf&SdrSom BuKd ujf cif;ESirBuKd ujf cif;wdYk &SEi\/ igESiol [l hf d kd f fh ESpfa,mufr&SdbJ tm;vHk;wpfa,mufwnf; &Sdaomtcg BudKufjcif;ESifhrBudKufjcif;rjzpfay: bJ Nidrf;csrf;jcif;om jzpfay:ayvdrhfrnf/ Nir;f csr;f jcif;udyif jA[0[m&[lvnf;aumif;? d k d jA[pdk&f[lvnf;aumif; ac:yg\/ jA[0[m& odr[kwf jA[p&jf zpfym; d Yk kd G jcif ; onf umarok or m pm&jzpf j cif ; \ taMumif;yifjzpf\/ tu,f avmu igESihf ol [l ESpfa,muf&Sdaeygu BudKufjcif;ESifh rBuKd ujf cif;[l cHpm;rIEprsKd ;onf jzpfay:vm S f rnfjzpf\/ wpfOD;xufwpfOD;u omatmif Bud K ; pm;rnf j zpf \ / wpf O D ; uwpf O D ; xuf omatmif BuKd ;pm;aomtcg rw&m;aomenf; udk toHk;jyKvmEdkif\/ xdktcg umarokrdpm pm& oabmonf ay:vmrnfjzpf\/ umr *kPfwdkY rrSefruefusihfoHk;jcif;onf rdpm pm&yif j zpf \ / umr*k P f w d k Y rrS e f r uef usihfoHk;aomtcg &oihfonfxuf ydk,ljcif; onf j zpf a y:vm\/ &mxl ; wd k ; rI vnf ; &oih f o nf x uf yd k ,l & ef tm;xk w f \ / ypnf;Opmpkaqmif;rIvnf; &oifhonfxuf ydk,l&ef tm;xkwf\/ ausmfMum;rIvnf; &oihonfxufy,l&ef tm;xkw\/ xdtcg f kd f k avmuonf rNidrf;rcsrf; jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ avmurNidrf;csrf;jcif;onf umarokrdpmpm& odumyk'fudk usL;vGefjcif; aMumifhjzpfav\/ ured,mrt& vlonf olYtwkdif; twmESiol jzpf\/ olaX;vnf; olaX;twdi;f hf k twmESifh olaX;jzpf\/ qif;&Jom;vnf; qif;&J om; twd k i f ; twmES i f h qif ; &J o m;jzpf \ / t&m&Sdvnf; t&m&Sdtwkdif;twmESifh t&m&Sd jzpf\/ pma&;vnf; pma&;twdkif;twmESifh pma&; jzpf\/ rdrdwdkY\ twdkif;twmtwGif; toHk; tpGJudk oHk;pGJygu umarokrdpmpm& odumyk'fudk vkdufem&m a&muf\/ rdrdwdkY\ twd k i f ; twmud k ausmf v G e f N yD ; oH k ; pG J y gu umarokrdpmpm& odumyk'fudk usL;vGef&m a&muf\/ trSeftm; jzihf umarokrdpmpm& a0&rPd [lonfrSm rdrdwdkY\ twdkif;twm? rdrdwdkY\ yrmPudk rausmfvGefbJ rdrdwdkY\ vkyief;rsm;udk aqmif&uryifjzpf\/ tu,f f G f I rdrdwdkY\ twdkif;twm? rdrdwdkY\ yrmPudk ausmf v G e f N yD ; vk y f y gu umarok rd p m pm& odumyk'fudk usL;vGef&ma&muf\/ vl[lonf ywf0ef;usifESifhaeonf jzpfav&m rdruvnf; umr*kPw rrSeruef d f Ykd f

DHAMMA V IRA FOR YOUTHS

"r0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfaponf/ pmrsuf E S m 33 rS -jzpf-ysufqHk;oGm;rSef; odwJhPfu r*opm? 'gqdk&if ]avmukw&mr*f} jzpfoGm;yg NyD? tNyD;aooGm;wmu ]ork',opm} jzpfyg w,f/ yk*dKvftqihfqihfjzihfqdk&aomf -aomwmyefyk*dKvfusawmh 'd|deJY 0d p d u d p m uk e f y gw,f / -ou'g*grf u sawmh umr&m* umr*kPftmHkawGacgif;yg;oGm;ygawmhw,f/ -tem*grf u sawmh umr*k P f tmHkawGukefoGm;onfhtjyif ]a'go} vnf; uk e f c ef ; oG m ;w,f / -&[E m usawmh usef a ewJ h ]udavom} tm;vHk;udk y,fcsvdkufygawmh w,f / xd k Y a Mumih f q&mawmf B uD ; u qHk;ronfrSm= ]&cJ w J h b0uav;rS m tvum; tcsdefawGrjzKef;ygeJY} ]0d y emtm;rxk w f b J e J Y aeY a &T U ? &uf a &T U a&T U aewmonf Pf u rOD ; bJ taou OD;oGm;&if udk,fhtwGufemr,f} ]b0ul ; aumif ; atmif rvk y f y geJ Y ? b0csKyf Nid r f ; k y f o d r f ; atmif v k y f y g} ]tdk&mu em&m? ra&mufcif 0dyemvkyfyg} ]cEmudk,f[m arG;uwnf;u taobufudk atmifjrifvQif jrifumrQ? Mum;vQif Mum;umrQ tqifom &yfwef&\/ bmudjk rifonf? bmudk h Y Mum;onf[ltxd ra&mufatmif owdxm; &\/ jrifjcif;? Mum;jcif;vnf; ]]ig}} u jrifonf? ]]ig}} u Mum;onf[ twoabm ryg0ifap l bJ jrifpdwfu jrifjcif;jzpfonf? Mum;pdwfu Mum;jcif;jzpfonf[lom em;vnf&atmif owdxm;&\/ twoabm ryg0ifvQif uHjzpf zdkY vrf;r&Sd/ trSeftm;jzihf tw&SdrS uHjzpf\/ twr&Sdawmhojzihf uHjzpfzdkY vrf;r&SdvQif y#dp orkyg 'f y#davmrenf;t& cEmrsm; vnfywf aejcif;omjzpf\/ tEkavmrenf;t& vnf ywfaejcif;r[kwf/ cEmrsm;onf y#dporkyg'f y#davmrenf;t& vnfywfjcif;jzpfvQif b0 'kurS vGwfajrmufa&;odkY OD;wnfaejcif;jzpf\/ b0vGwfajrmufa&;odkY OD;wnfygvQif Oyg'gef rsm; csKyNf y;D uHMurmodrsm; csKyNf ir;f um oEoc d d k udk rsufarSmufjyKEdkifayvdrhfrnf/ umarokrdpmpm&t& olwpfyg;\ om;r,m;udk jypfrSm;jcif;rS MuOfa&Smifjcif;onf ajy;aew,f} ]tajy;r&yfwJh cEmudk,fokomef ra&mufcif r*itvkyjf refjref vkyyg} [l qH;k rTejf yxm; f f onfrsm;udk owdrloihfygw,f/ xdkYaMumihf a,m*DwdkYonf q&mawmf Bu;D a[mMum;xm;aom ]edAmefom;vrf;jy ajryH}k G t& -oknw w&m;em&ygrnf/ -a,medaomreodum&ESv;kH oGi;f rSeMf u&ygrnf -orm'd|d? ormouFywnf;[laom tjrifrSef ESihf tBuHaumif;jzpf&ygrnf/ -cEmxJ opmtEkavmrdu Pfoi;f &ygrnf/ G -owdy|mefw&m;(4)yg;&Sd&mwGif wpfyg;yg;ESihf tm;xkwf&ygrnf/ xdktcg a,m*Donf t0dZmonf 0dZmPfjzpfvmygawmh w,f/ wPSmavmbonf ]tavmb} jzpf vmygonf/ Pftvif;eJY aorif;udk &ifqdkifjcif; a,m*D o nf owd y |mef w &m;ES i h f tm;xkwf&mwGifvnf; owdy|mefwGif &yfrae bJ ]owdy|mefbm0em} xd ul;atmifBudK;pm; tm;xk w f & ygrnf / rd r d c E m ud k , f B uD ; rS m taMumif;"rawGaMumihf tusK;d "rawGay:wke;f rSm taMumif;"rawGr&Sdawmhygbl;/ taMumif; "rawG xyfay:aewkef;rSmvnf; tusKd;"rawG odumyk'\ wduuteuft"dym,fjzpf\/ f k f kd f oG,f0dkufteuf t"dym,ft&qdkygvQif vlrI qufqHa&;e,fy,f rdrdwdkY\ qdkif&mqdkif&m vkyfief;rsm;twGuf tusdK;tjrwfudk &,laom tcg pnf;vGwf abmifvGwfr,lbJ pnf;ESihf abmif E S i f h , l & ef j zpf \ / vd k c sif o avmuf ,l j cif ; onf umarok umrt& umr *kPfwdkYtay: rSm;,Gif;pGm usihfjcif;jzpf\/ &oif h o avmuf , l j cif ; jzpf v Qif umarok umrt& umr*kPf wdkYtay: rSefuefpGm usih f j cif ; rnf y g\/ xd k Y a Mumif h umarok umrt& ol w pf y g; om;r,m; jypf r S m ; jcif;udk toGifoPmeftm;jzihf ,l ig;jzm tmHkumr*kPfwdkY oihfavsmfaom twdkif; twmxuf yd k v G e f ,l j cif ; ud k tES p f o m& tm;jzih f ,l t yf y g\/ xd k o d k Y ,l y grS v nf ; umarok r d p m pm&m a0&rPd \ teuf t"dym,fonf avmuNidrf;csrf;om,mrIudk jzpfapEdkifayvdrhfrnf/ OD;a&Tatmif

37

r&Sdawmhjyefygbl;/ 'DvdktaMumif;wpfvSnhf tusKd;wpfvSnfhpDjzpfaeyHkudk jrif&if udpNyD;yg w,f/ 0dyemqdkwm rdrdPfjzihf "r uav; &S d - r&S d u d k tuJ c wf w mjzpf y gw,f / "ruav;wpfck[m rdrdcEmrSm taMumif;wdkuf qdiraMumifh aygif;qHraMumihf jzwfueJay:vm k f I k I w,f? ay:vmNyD;aemuf r&Sdawmhjyefygbl;? ysufoGm;jyefw,f? a0'emawGonfvnf; tNrJ wrf;&Sdraeygbl;? &Sdvdkuf-r&Sdvdkuf? jzpfvdkufysufvdkufeJYyg? ]ysuf} wmu tedpyg? 'kuopm yg? wpfenf;taoyg? a,m*DIrSwfwJh Pfu t&Sifyg? r*opmyg? a0'emcsKyfoGm;awmh a0'emeda&m"gwPSmeda&ma"mjzpfwJhtwGuf wPSmavmbjzpfcGihfr&awmhwJhtwGuf pGJvef; rIUwnf;[laom ork',opmaoygw,f/ xd k t cg a,m*D o nf q&morm; aumif;&JU enf;vrf;rSetwdi;f usiBfh utm;xkwf f k H onfjzpfaomaMumihf b0aygif;rsm;pGm cEmh0ef xrf;aqmif&jcif;rS vGwfoGm;ygNyD? oHo&m0#f 'kuBuD;vnfjcif;rSvnf; vGwfajrmufoGm;ygNyD/ ]taorOD;cif Pftvif;eJY aorif;udk &ifqif kd MuygvdYk wduwe;f Ed;I aqmfa&;om;vdu&ygw,f/ k f G k f ]]Ak'omoeH pd&Hwd|wk}} rS D j irf ; jyK rd k ; uk w f q &mawmf B uD ; \"r y 'w&m;awmf auwk r wD j r[oF m (vk y f o m;aumvd y f )

ur b 0
*b0ZmwfcHk? tvSpHkESihf NyHK;yHkEGJU[ef? olYtoHudk emcHyDwd? b0ifxdatmif owdaxGjym;? uHw&m;u jyKtm;&ufwJh? Zmwfq&m/ / *avmuvlYbHk? pdkufpHkESihf idkyHkwvSJU? &DcJhwcg AsmygaxGjym;? uHw&m;u jyKtm;&ufwJh? Zmwfq&m/ / *b0ZmwfaMumif;? udk,f[efajymif; raESmif;umv? vlYb0udk rvSZmwfa[mif;? oPmefajymif;rS wPSmaMumif;cH? ola&G;uHjzihf\ wzefb0opf? pcJhNyD/ ({'if - 0if ; vG i f )

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

38

"r0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

tawmrowf

avmbZmwf
aZmfaemif
qEapmwJh ykPm;onf? rE,m;udk &GwfavNyD/ aumif;uifqDrS &GmoGef;NzdK;? ajrmufjrm;vSpGm &wemrdk;/ cdk;om;wdkYum; 0rf;ajrmufpGm? &wemawG odrf;xkwfyg/ a&SUqufum c&D;oGm;? aemufrS vdkufcJh xdkykPm;/ if;cdk;om; ig;&mvQif? &wemxkyf ydkufoGm;aepOf/ ]]bGm;ueJ}} vQif tvpftidkuf? aemufxyfcdk;om; ig;&mwpfodkuf/ if;wdkYudk 0ifwdkufcdkuf/ odkY cdk;om;acgif;aqmifvQif bmvdkcsifvJ tdk toif/ ar;avvQif wpfzufu yGiyivif;vif; olwqE? fh G fh Ykd ypnf;OpmvdkvdkYygY/ Opmvdku &rnfom uREfkyfwdkYudk vTwfay;yg/ ykPm;q&m rE,m;? a&Trdk;? aiGrdk; &Gmapwum;/ igwdkYtm;vnf; xdkolyif? &wemrdk;BuD; &GmatmifvQif? olpD&ifrE,m;? xdkYaMumihf igwdkY&cJhwum;/ onfpum;aMumihf cdk;om;ig;&m? zrf;xm;cdk;om; vTwfvdkufyg/ ykPm;q&m a&SUutwdkif; &wemrdk;BuD; &GmoGef;cdkif;/ vkyfcsifwdkif; vkyfr&yg? euwfay:csdef apmihf&rSm/ wpfESpfwmMumavrS olpGrf;aqmif &rnfygY/

wpfaeYaomtcg jynfAm&m jA['wfrif; rif;jyKcg/ wpfckaom&GmrSm tvGefxif&Sm;? a0'AyPm;/ k rE,m;twwf tvGefvdrm? tMuifykPm;[m? euwf,SOfum olzefwD; &wemrdk;BuD; &Gmownf;/ olYxH rSD;ynm&Sm? jrwfAk'avmif;vsm/ ykPm;xHrSm olcpm; ykPm;wynhf armifausmif;om;/ wpfaeYom;awmh ykPm;[m olYwynfhudk ac:aqmifvm/ vkyfcif;aqmifwm olYrSm&Sd apwwdkif;udk xGufcJh\/ uHMurmwnfh zefvdkYvm? c&D;vrf;aMumif; wpfae&m? zrf;qD;umcHMu& cdk;om;"m;jy vuf0,fus/

a0'Audk xdef;odrf;um? vufjyefBudK;wkyf csnfaESmifyg/ Ak'avmif;vsm jyefvTwfay; ypnf;Opm oGm;,la&;/ at;at; aq;aq;omaeyg? raMumufygeJY jrwfq&m? tem;uyfum olrSmMum;? ta&;BuD;pum;/ rsm;rMumrD umvrSm? 'kuay:vdrfh usdef;aoyg? xdktcg rE,m;? r&GwfygeJY q&morm; txyfxyfrSmMum;/ olYpum;udk em;r0if rE,m;udk &GwfcJhvQif/ oifESihfwuG cdk;om;rsm; tm;vHk; ysufpD;&rnfwum;/ odkYrSmMum;NyD; xGufcJhyg ypnf;Opm,lzdkY&m/ wpfncg aumif;uif0? euwfvQif xGef;y/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

"r0D&onf ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;twGuf jzpfonf/ xdkpum;udk Mum;&vQif? cdk;om;ig;&m trsuf0if? rvkyfay;csif onfykPm;? igwdkYudk vSnhfpm;/ a&SUuoGm;wJh cdk;om;ig;&m? olwdkYudkawmh vkyfay;um? igwdkYcdkif;cg b,fr& tvGefYtvGef a'gyG/ aemufqHk;usawmh cdk;om;ig;&m? owfypfvdkufaygY ykPm;q&m/ tjrefvdkufum uqkefayguf a&SUuoGm;wJh cdk;om;aemuf/ a&muf&SdoGm;NyD; rDavvQif? ckwfMuowfMu pdwfdkif;0if/ vk,uf,liif &wemrsm;? aoukefMuaygY a&SUcdk;om;/ avmbpdwfum; aMumufp&myif? & xm;ypnf;cGJr,lcsif/ tcsif;csif;yif pdwf0rf;uGJ ckwfMu xpfMu vlowfyGJ/ "m;oH jrm;oH pJaomtcg? touf&Sifusef ESpfOD;om/ odrf;ydkufum ,laqmifoGm;? tzdk;xdkufwJh &wemrsm;/ xdkESpfOD;om; wpfae&m? a&muf&Sdem;ae yef;ajzum? wpfOD;rSm &Gm0ifvsuf xrif;t&SmxGuf/ usefvsufaewJh wpfOD;rSm? Opmxkyfudk apmihfa&Smufyg/ vufxJrSm tvGefxuf oHvsufBuD;ukdifvsuf/ avmbwufwJh xdkol[m pdwfdkif;0ifNyD; awG;rdyg/ [dkvlomr&Sdu 'Dypnf;awG oltydkif&/ qHk;jzwfcsufcs cdkifcdkifrm oljyefvmvQif owfzdkY&m/ jrefrMum tcsdefrqdkif; oHvsufBuD;eJY ydkif;/

39

(64)ES p f a jrmuf wyf r awmf a eY O D ; wnf c suf

1/ at;csrf;om,mNyD; acwfrDzHGYNzdK;wdk;wufonfh EdkifiHawmfwnfaqmuf&mwGif csrSwf xm;onhf rl0g'vrf;pOf (7) &yfNy;D ajrmufatmifjrifapa&;twGuf wdi;f &if;om; jynforsm; k l ESifhtwl vufwJGBudK;yrf;aqmif&Gufa&;/ 2/ 'dkYwm0efta&;oHk;yg;udk trsKd;om;a&;rl0g'tjzpfcH,lNyD; toufay; xdef;odrf;umuG,f apmifha&Smufa&;/ 3/ EdkifiHawmfwnfNidrfat;csrf;a&;ESifh zGYHNzdK;a&;udk [efYwm;aESmifh,Sufaom jynfwGif;? jynfy tzsuform;rsm;udk wdkif;&if;om;jynfolwdkUESifhtwl vufwGJacsrIef;a&;/ 4/ Ediiawmf\ tcsKytjcmtmPmESihf ydieufvNkH cKH a&;udk umuG,apmifa&Smuf&ef tiftm; k f H f k f f h awmifhwif;NyD; pGrf;&nfxufjrufaomacwfrD rsKd;cspfwyfrawmf wnfaqmufa&;/

xdktwdkif;yif [dkvlBuH? tqdyfcwfowf&ef/ oluG,fvGefu igwpfOD;wnf; ypnf;tm;vHk; armifydkifpD;/ odkYawG;NyD;awmh pDrHum? xrif;xkyfudk ,lvm/ pm;ygaomufygavcsKdaoG;? xrif;xkyuay;/ f kd tcgraES; jrefvSpGm oHvsuform; vl,kwfrm olYoHvsufeJY ydkif;vdkuf&m/ aoyGJ0if&Sm wcP? olcdk;vlYAmv/ usefwpfa,mufu aysmfaysmf&Tif Opmtm;vHk; igY[myif/ xrif;xkyfvQif jznfpm; tqdyfoihfvsuf aowum;/ ykPm;wynhf bk&m;tavmif;awmf? jyefvnfa&muf&Sd vmacsaomf/ ajray:rSm twHk;tHk; acgif;jywf vnfjywf toufqHk; awmxJ&SdorQ vltm;vHk;/ ,lBuHK;r& Ak'avmif;vsm? ,ckbmrS rwwfEkdifyg/ olYpum;om em;axmifu? ,ckvdk rjzpf&/

q&mAmv olYaMumihfyif? axmifeJY csDaoyGJ0if/ avmbpdwfvQif 'kursm;? ysufpD;zdkYw&m;/ twd w f \ yH k & d y f ,ck wifqufaom a0'AZmwfudk jrwfpGmbk&m;aZw0efausmif;awmf oDwif; oH k ; awmf r l p Of ajym&qd k & cuf a om &[ef ; wpf y g;ud k taMumif ; jyK a[mMum;jcif ; jzpfygonf/ xd&[ef;udk jrwfpmbk&m;&Siu oif k G f onf ajym&qdk&cufaom&[ef;[k ausmfMum; aeonf r S m trS e f y if a vm[k ar;\/ xd k & [ef ; uvnf ; bk e f ; awmf B uD ; aom t&Sib&m; trSeyif jzpfygonf[k 0efconf/ f k f H xd k t cg jrwf p G m bk & m; u if ; &[ef ; ud k oif o nf ,ck r S o mqk d & cuf onf r [k w f ? a&S;uvnf; odkY qdk&cufojzihf touf qH;k H;I cJz;l Ny?D oifomru oihukd taMumif;jyK? h f wpfaxmifaom a,musfm;wdkYyg toufqHk; cJh&zl;NyD[k rdefYMum; twdwfudk aqmifaom tm;jzihf ,ck a0'AZmwfudk wpfqufwnf; a[mMum;cJhjcif;jzpfygonf/ Zmwfaygif;aomf ,ck q d k & ef c uf a om &[ef ; onf a&S;u a0'AykPm;jzpfcJholjzpfNyD; ,ck jrwfpGm bk&m;&SifrSm xdktcgu xdkykPm;\ wynhf jzpfcJhzl;aomoljzpfownf;/ usrf;udk; a0'AZmwf ig;&mh i g;q,f Z mwf e d y gwf a wmf anmif u ef q &mawmf b k & m;

Dhamma Dew

vl Y * k P f o d u m qk d i f & m Ak ' 0 g'"r tajccH u sif h 0 wf r sm;

By Most Venerable Dr.K.Sri Dhammananda, Nayake Maha Thera, JSM,Ph.D,D.Litt.

Buddhist Principles For Human Dignity

TRANSLATED Into Myanmar Language By Dhamma Vira Thandar, ITBM University, Yangon.

Superiority of Human Life The duty of a religion is to guide humanity to uphold certain noble principles in order to lead a peaceful life and to maintain human dignity. Otherwise it would be impossible for us to claim superiority as humans, for we would be relegated to the level of other living beings whose only purpose is to obtain food, shelter and sex.

vl Y b 0twG u f t qih f t wef ; jrif h r m;aomtajctae ,HkMunfudk;uG,frI bmomt,l0g'wpf&yfonf vlYabmif vlYavmuudk Nidrf;csrf;aomb0ESihf vlY*kPfodumtwGuf xdef;odrf; apmihfa&Smufay;Ekdifap&ef pepfwustqifajypGm aocsmpdwfcsEkdifonfh jrihfjrwfaom tajccHusihf0wfw&m;rsm;jzihf OD;apmifxdef;aMumif;ay;&ef wm0ef&Sdayonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqdk&ygaomf vlom;wpfa,muftae jzihf uREfkyfwdkY trSefwu,f &oihf&xdkufonfh vlYwumwdkYxuf tajctae tqihftwef; tppt&m&m omvGefjrihfrm;aom tcGihfta&;rsKd; &&SdEkdif &ef rjzpfEkdifao;aomfvnf;? tjcm;wpfyg; aom ouf&Sdow0grsm;ESihf wef;wl &oifh&xdkufaom tcGihfta&;rsm; &&SdEkdif&efrSm uREfkyfwdkYtm;vHk; twG u f trS e f w u,f v d k t yf a eonf h tpma&pm? vH k N cH K pd w f c spG m em;aeEkirnfh td;k tdrEifh umr*kPcpm;EkirtcGita&;rsm;avmufawmh d f f S f H d f I fh &&SdcHpm;EkdifMu&ef vdktyfayonf/

these basic primal needs, then there would be nothing much to show for ourselves as humans. Human have transcended mere suvival and are capable of seeking self actualization.

vl [ l jzpf w nf v mpuwnf ; u vl Y b 0 vl Y a vmu touf&Sif&yfwnfEdkifa&;twGuf tajccHusaom olwdkY\ t"du vd k t yf c suf r sm;ud k jznf h q nf ; ay;aeMu&jcif ; tm;jzih f b0tcsd e f tajrmuftjrm; ukefqHk;apcJhMu&ayonf/ urmavmu vl&,fvdkY jzpfwnfvm&ygvsufESihf vlom; wpfa,muftaetm;jzifh &&SyiqirI wpfpwpfcurQ uREywYkd ud,wif d kd f kd f kH k kd kf f k f kd

765432121098765432109876543210987654321 765432121098765432109876543210987654321 765432121098765432109876543210987654321 765432121098765432109876543210987654321 765432121098765432109876543210987654321

"r 0 D & -oE m

jyef q k d w if j yonf

xkwfazmfjyoEkdifp&m vHk;0r&SdMuay/ vlom; wpfa,muftjzpf &yfwnf ae&vih f u pm; b0wpf a vQmuf v H k ; vd k v d k &if q d k i f B uH K awG U cJ h & aom ab;tE&m,frsm;rS vGwfajrmuf qufvuftouf&Sif&yfwnfae Ekdif&ef twGufESihf trSefwu,f &Sdtyfaom vdktyfcsufrsm;udk udk,fwdkif If human beings too spend their lives only to satisfy &SmazGcHpm;&if;jzihfom tcsdefawGukefqHk;cJhMu&ayonf/
In Buddhism we call this Dhama. Other living beings cannot realize this Dhamma because human intelligence is superior to that of all the other living beings in the universe.

jzpfpOfw&m;ESihf pyfvsOf; Ak'0g'"rjzihf uREfkyfwdkYzGihfqdk &Sif;jyEkdifMurnfjzpfonf/ if;jzpfpOf"rw&m;udk avmu touf &S i f j zpf w nf a eMuaom tjcm;aom ouf & S d o w 0 g rsm;taejzih f od e m;vnf E k d i f p G r f ; &S d M urnf r [k w f a cs/ tb,f a Mumih f qd k a omf pMu0VmBuD;twGif; touf&Sif&yfwnfaeMuonfh ow0grsm;teuf vlom;wd\ tqihjf rihaom oif,em;vnf Ekipr;f &Sronf tjcm;aom Yk f l d f G d I pmrsuf E S m 18 ok d Y